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LIBRARY 

UNIVERSITY  OF 
CAUFOBNW 

SAN  DIEGO 


3   1822  00137   7514 


Oversize 


Lives  and  Characters 

of  the 

Eminent  Writers 

of  the 

Scots  Nation 


George  Mackenzie 


'/ 


Volume  III 


Garland  Publishing,  Inc.,  New  York 

1971 


Bibliographical  note: 

this  facsimile  has  been  made  from  a 

copy  in  the  Yale  Utiiversity  Library 

(IbSO  tP708J 


Library  of  Congress  Catalog  Card  Number:  73-1 13180 


Printed  in   U.S.A. 


THE 

LIVES  and  CHARACTERS 

Of  the  moft  Eminent 

W  R  I  T  E  R  S 

SCOTS  NATION; 

WITH 

An  Abftrad  6c  Catalogue  of  their  WORI{S, 
Their  various  EDITIONS ; 

AND 

The  Judgment  of  the  LEARN'D  concer- 
ning them. 


B    Y 

George  Mackenzie? 

cM-  2).  Fellozu  of  the  Royal  College  of  Phyficians  /«  Edinburgh. 

V  Q~L.    IlL 

Si  ad  Njturam  eximicim  Erudttio  accejfcrit,    turn  demum  fingulare 

qtioddam  exiflere  debet.  Cic.  pro  Arch.  Poet. 
Mthi  qmdem.  nullt  fatts  erndttt  %>identMr^  ambus  noftra  ifnota  funt 

Id.  dc  Finib.    Lib.  i.  J        &        )      • 

Nunquam  Stygias  jtrtur  ad  umbras 

Jnclyta  virtus.     Sencc.  Hcrcul.    Seen.  8.  A<5t  5. 


EDINBVRGH: 

Printed  by  mUUm  Mams  Junior,    MDCCXXII. 


T   O 

JOHN  LAW,  €tm 

H I S  Work  was  defign'd.to  appear  undi:r  Your  Pro- 
te(ftion,  when  the  Eyes  of  ^llEttrope  were  upon 
You,  and  when  both  fVhi^  and  Tory  were  offer- 
ing up  the  Incenfe  of  their  Praifes  to  Your  Merit : 
But  they  np  fooner  perceived  the  Wheel  of  Pro- 
vidence to  turn,  but  they  altered  their  Encomi- 
ums to  bitter  Inve(5tives.  As  the  Roman  Hiftoriah  Saluji  obferves, 
(a)  Fortune  prevails  in  every  Thing ;  it  exalteth  or  deprefles  our 
Fame  and  Reputation,  not  according  to  the  Rules  of  Reafon  and 
Juftice,  but  according  to  the  unaccountable  Caprices  and  Whims 
of  Mankind :  Yet  it  is  not  in  the  Power  of  Fortune,  either  to  give 
or  take  away  from  the  Souls  of  Great  Men,  thofe  bright  and  fhin- 
ing  Qualities  they  are  endued  with.  And  'tis  nowife  furprizing» 
to  any  Man  that  has  but  the  lejift  Knowledge  in  the  Affairs  of  the 
World,  to  obfervc  the  daily  Viciflitudes  and  Changes  that  happen 
in  iL  So  that  what  Pli/r^  the  Younger  fays  of  himfelf  (^),  we  may 
all  apply  to  our  felves,  cfpecially  in  this  Age  wc  live  in. 

"  When  (f^i  he)  I  reflc(5l  upon  the  Changes  that  happened  in 

my  Time;  if  I  compute  them  by  the  Years  of  my  Life,  they  are 

not  many,   but  if  I  calculate  them  by  the  Variety  of  their  Events, 

"  they  wou'd  feem  to  require  feveral  Ages:  Which  fhou'd  teach  us 

['  to  defpair  of  nothing,  nor  to  put  our  Truft  in  any  Thing. 

Now,  SIR,  as  it  was  not  any  mercenary  Motive  that  mov'd  me 
to  addrefs  You  by  my  Letter  of  the  30  of  Novtmbtr,  171 9,  where- 

•l  in 


«( 


(j)  Fortau  Piokilttcm,    ladoSrum,   *1u^m  uTw  boaai,    at^K  ittt  »t^t  cnpcr*  ru^f  ure  fottt      S*l.   B</..  7.^;. 
(i)  S<  ninpaio  aaooi,  tiirauki  itapgi;   (i  ri«H  >«'■■,  •tub  puW  :  Qjf*4  po(«R  rCl  4ociUB(oc*  inKil  ic<i>curr,  nul- 
liri  ru  bUtt.     tlif.  Lib  4.  \f,  t^. 


in  I  begg'd  the  Honour  of  Your  Patronage  to  this  Work  ;  but  the 
real  Value  I  had  for  Your  extraordinary  Accomplifhmcnts,  that  had 
then  defervedly  gained  You  the  Efteem  of  all  Ettrope :  So  this  is 
only  to  let  the  World  know,  how  proud  I  am  of  Publi/hing  the 
Lives  of  the  lUurtrious  Perfons  of  our  Nation,  under  the  Patronage 
of  One  of  Them,  who,  by  His  fole  Merit,  had  raifed  Himfclf  to 
be  the  Firft  Minifter  of  State,  not  only  in  a  Foreign  Kingdom,  but 
in  one  of  the  moll;  polite  and  powerful  Nations  in  Earope ;  and  whofe 
Knowledge  in  all  the  Parts  of  Literature,  defervedly  claims  the 
Patronage  of  a  Work  of  this  Nature.  And  1  hope,  SIRy  how  mean 
foever  \he  Performance  may  \)C  in  it  felf,  You'll  be  pleas'd  to  Ac- 
cept of  It,  as  the  outmofl  Teftimony  of  the  Love  and  Refpe<51:  of, 


SIR, 


Tour  mof  HumbUr 


and  Obedient  Servant^ 


George  Mackenzie. 


THE 


THE 

PREFACE 

\HIS  Work,  which  fiould  have  been  Publtfhed  [omt 
Tears  ago,  xvas  fioft  by  the  CaUmtties  and  Troubles 
that  arofe  in  the  Country  immediately  after  the  Print- 
ing of  my  Propofals ;  and  fince  1  hanje  had  my 
large  Share  in  thefe  affidftng  Dtfpenfations  of  the  2)/- 
vtne  Providence,  J  hope  'tzvtU  be  {ujiained  as  an  At- 
onement for  my  Fault,  if  that  can  be  reckoned  one  tn 
me  whtch  v^as  but  the  Confequence  of  a  public  Calamity.  And  now 
fince  It  has  pleafed  God  to  enable  me  to  perform  n^  Tromtje,  tf  This 
(hall  meet  with  as  favourable  a  Reception  from  the  Public  as  the  Two 
former  Volumes  have  met  with,  (o  that  I  may  thereby  be  enabled  to 
defray  the  Charges  of  the  Prefs,  I  pall  willingly  undergo  the  Toil  and 
Labour  of  fimjhing  thts  "Undertaking  by  bringing  it  down  to  our  own 
Times:  But  if  ctherwife,  I  fhall refljatisfied,  m  Hopes  that  fome 
one  or  other  may  undertake  the  Task,  that  is  every  way  better  qualified 
for  it  than  1  am. 

Since  the  Publifhing  of  my  II.  Volume,  /  have  feen  the' Accounts 
that  two  fournaltfis  have  given  oftt:  The  Firfi  is  Monficur  de  la 
Roche,  in  the  II.  Volume  of  his  Memoirs  of  Literature  {a)  for  the 
Month  of  February,  1 7 1 1.  And  the  Other  is  by  the  Jduires  o/"Tre- 
vaux,  in  their  Memoirs  for  the  Month  o/"  March  (b)  171 2.  The 
Ftrjl  of  thefe  has  given  juch  an  impartial  Account  of  my  Defign  and 
Performance,  that  I  have  not  Jo  much  as  the  Shadow  of  an  Ob'jtifion 
to  make- again  ft  it;  but  on  the  contrary,  I  think  my  felf  here  beunld  to 
make  my  outmoft  Acknowledgment  to  that  Learn' d  Gentleman  fmfhe 
great  Honour  that  he  has  done  me.  But  the  Jefuites  of  Trcvaux  hi^-ye 
mt  given  the  Public  juch  a  favourable  Imprefsion  of  my  Vnderta- 
kmg  :  They  have  indeed  given  a  very  obliging  Account  of  my  Come- 
dure  concerning  the  Peopling  of  Scotland  from  Scandinavia,  and  of 
Ireland,  from  Scotland.  zJnd  here  I  muft  acquaint  the  Reader, 
That  J  lately  found  in  the  Scaligerana  (c)  a  very  flrong'Argun.cnt 
for  ftrengthning  of  this  Conjet^ure ;    for  thts  Prodigy  of  Lc^'nitng, 

a  frvm 


(«)  Pjge4i,— ^4*.      (i)  Article  4>.   P"ge  5J'.  }»»       (0  Sciligcuna,  I  .ge   inil'i  i»6. 


11 


The    PREFACE. 


from  his  immenfe  Rendingy  informs  us,  Tloat  the  ancient  Language 
of  the  Danes  and  Irifh  was  the  fame;  •'  Les  Irlandois  &  Ics  Danois 
"  parloicnc  autrelciis  mic  mcmc  Language  ".  But  to  return  to  our 
Learned  Journalifls:  They  f Ay,  "  That  I  acknowledge,  with  Reafon, 
"  that  1  have  a  great  C)bligarion  to  Mr.  Du  Pin,  who  alone  fiirni- 
"  [hcd  Materials  tor  this  1.  Volume ;  tor  fince  the  moft  part  ot  the 
*'  learned  Men  ot  which  he  fpeaks  (fays  he)  are  Theologues,  he 
*'  has  found  in  this  Ecclelkftical  Bibliothec,  all  that  was  requisite  to 
"  fay  of  them  to  any  Purpofe  :  But  he  does  not  tell  us  how  lie  found 
*'  an  infinite  Number  ot  Things  in  the  fame  Bibliothec,  altogether 
"  extraneous  to  his  SubjetfY,  by  which  he  has  enlarged  his  J.  Vo- 
"  Imne :  For,  to  wiiat  Purpole  was  it  t6  give  us  the  Hiftory  of  the 
*'  Pelagians,  lUe  yirrians^  the  Jconoclajls,  ihe  Predeflinarians  ^  ^c. 
•'  And  what  Conncdl:ion  is  there  betwixt  the  Lite  of  a  Learned 
"  Scotfman,  and  the  Hidory  of  oAbaillard  and  Helotfe  ?  ^c.  {a) 

'T/5  nitry  ivell  known  in  the  Republic  of  Letters,   what  a  Spite  and 
Malice  that  Society  in  general  bore  to  this  illuflrious  1)o6ior  of  the  Sor- 
bon  :    vind  for  me  to  have  mentioned  htm  with  Honour^     was  fuffi- 
cicnt  to  have  brought  me  under  the  Lafh  of  their  Cenfure ;  but  if  thefe 
miifhty  Vmpires  of  Learning  had  been  pleajed  to  reprefent  to  the  Pub- 
lic my  Defi^n,    zvith  the  fame  Candor  and  Ingenuity  that  Montieur 
de  la  Roche  has  done,    they  would  not  have  had  the  lea  ft  Ground  of 
an  Objedion  again fl  me  :    "  For  (fays  he)  (a)  to  give  the  Readers  a 
"  juft  Notion  of  this  Work,  I  mull  obferve,  That  they  will  find  in 
"  It  a  prodigious  Number  of  Things  hardly   to  be  expeded  in  a 
"  Colledf  ion  of  this  Nature.     The  Author,   not  contented  to  give 
"  us  the  Hiftory  ot  the  Scots  Writers,    an  Abftracff  and  Catalogue 
"  of  their  Works,   an    Account  of  their   various   Editions,   and 
"  the  Judgment  of  the  Learned  concerning  them;    he  has  alto 
"  thought  tit  tp  infert  a  great  many  Digrctlions,  and  to  treat  occa- 
«  lionally  of  fevcral  Subjects,  whereby  this  Work  will  be  the  more 
"  ufeful  to  the  Reader.     Whenever  he  finds  an  Author  engaged  in 
"  a  Controverfy  of  any  Moment,  he  gives  a  compendious  Account 
"  of  that  Controverfy,   from  its  Rife  to  the  Time  of  that  Author : 
<'  Havin^T  obferved,   That  Thomas,  a  Ciflerttan  Monk  and  Abbot 
"  of  'Dundranjn  in  Gal/oway,  was  fent  to  the  Council  of  Bafil  by 
"  the  Clercy  of  Scotland,  he  takes  occafion  from  thence  to  infert  an 
"  an  Hittorical  Account  of  that  Council.     oAdam  Blacader  having 
"  cenfured  Livy,  for  his  Digretfion  concerning  jilexander  the  Great, 
"  our  Author  gives  us,  in  the  Lite  of  that  Scots  Writer,  an  Account 
*'  of  the  Faults  that  are  generally  imputed  to  that  famous  Hit^orian 
"  by  the  Critics  of  the  tormer  and  latter  Ages.     Such  is  the  Me- 
"  thod  of  the  Author. 

Now 


{J^  11  avoiie  jvec  fjifon,  qu'il  a  beaucoup  J'  obligativn  a  Mr.  Du  Pin,  qui  ieul  lui  a  fourni  de  quoi  remplir  cc  Prcmiar 
Volume  :  Car  comme  la  plulpart  desSjavant  doot  il  parle,  font  [dit  il]  Thcologicnj,  II  a  (rouvc  dans  la  Biblioiheque  Eccle- 
fiaftiqiie  lout  ce  <ju'  il  fafloit  pour  patlet  del  ce«  Auteurs  avec  connoUTancc  del  caufes.  Miis  il  ne  dil  pat,  qu'  il  a  trou- 
ve  dam  cette  mefme  Bibliothe<iue,  one  infinite  del  chofei  eftraogeres  a  fon  Tujet,  dont  il  a  grofli  Ton  Prenier  Vnlame : 
Car,  »  quel  ptopos  noiij  y  donner  I'  Hiftoire  del  Pela{icBi,  del  Arrnm,  des  Iconoclaftei,  dei  PrgdeAiuriCU  ?  6^f.  £t  quelle 
Connexion  entie  la  Tie  d   un  fjavant   tcolToii,  k  1"  Hifl«iie  i"  Abtillilii  fic  i'  H«Uif« .'  ©•<. 

{Jb)  Mcmoitiof  LiieiKuic,  Vol.  II.  P.  4I|4>. 


The    PREFACE. 


Ill 


JSlorju, -had  our  Journalifts  reprefented  to  the  Publtc  my  Defyn  in 
as  fair  4  Light  as  this  Learned  Gentleman  has  done,  they  might  have 
[pared  themjehes  the  Trouble  of  all  that  they  have  J  aid :  for  th  the 
firjl  place,  'Tts  abfolutely  (aIJc  to  fay,  that  I  have  taken  all,  or  the 
ffjojl  Part  of  my  I  Volume/row  c^r.  Du  Pin's  EcclcfiafticalBiblio- 
chcc;  as  will  evidently  appear  to  any  that  has  been  at  the  pains  of 
Reading  if.  "But  in  the  id  place,  To  fay  that  I  have  fwell'd  and  en- 
larged my  Book,  by  extraneous  Di^re[sions  taken  from  the  fame  Bi- 
hliothcc^  and  no  zvays  relative  to  the  Lives  or  Writings  of  the  famous 
Men  that  I  am  treating  of  ts  not  only  falfe,  but  a  malicious  and  ca- 
lumnious Reprejentation  of  the  Matter  of  fa£i-^  as  I  Jliall  make  tt  ap- 
pear to  the  unbyafs'd  and  impartial  Reader,  even  in  thofe  Injlances  they 
are  pled  fed  to  name. 

And  fir f,  I  have  not  zvrit  the  Hi/lory  of  the  Pelagians,  but  only 
an  Account  of  the  erroneous  Doctrines  that  were  laid  to  the  Charge 
of  Pelagius  by  his  Enemies,  and  for  which  he  was  tojjed  from  Coun- 
cil to  Council,  till  at  length  he  was  bamfh'd  the  Empire  by  an  Imperial 
Ediijt:  Now,  fmce  I  had  proven  from  St.  Jerom,  who  was  Pela'Ti- 
usV  Contemporary,  and  well  acquainted  zvith  him,  that  he  zvas  a  Scotf^ 
man,  /  zuould  gladly  know,  how  J  could  gtve  an  Account  to  the  World 
of  the  Terfe  cut  ions  and  Sufferings  that  he  underwent  by  the  Projecu- 
tions  of  hts  Enemies,  without  giving  ah  Account  offvh'at  his  Enemies 
laid  to  his  Charge :  So  that  this  cannot  be  called  ^  Di^refsion,  much 
lefs  an  extraneous  one,  and  nothing  relative  to  my  Subjetl:  And  what 
I  have  jaid  upon  this  Head,  I  have  been  but  very  little  obligd  to  Mr. 
Du  Pin  for :  The  moft  of  all  that  I  have  faid,  ts  taken  out  of  Peta- 
vius,  Gerard  Vofluis,  Archbifhop  Ufher  and  Cardinal  Norris  their 
Hi/hries  of  the  Pelagian  Herefies. 

idly.  As  to  the  Hijlory  of  the  Arrians,  /  having  proved,  that  Cle- 
men c,  the  firjl  Founder  of  the  publick  Schools  ^f  "Paris,  was  a  ScotC- 
man,  from  the  indifputable  Authority  of  Notlerus  Balbus /;/>  Con- 
temporary,  and  Clement  having  wrote  a  Book  in  Defence  of  Arns.- 
nifm  •  zvas  it  an  extraneous  Di^rejjion  in  me,  to  give  the  Reader  a 
true  Notion  of  the  Arrian  Hcrefy,  for  zvhich  my  Author  appeared  jo 
z^ealous  ?  or  rather,  was  it  not  confetjuential  to  the  Plan  that  I  had  laid 
dozun  to  my  [elf  and  of  which  1  had  acquainted  the  Publick  in  my 
Preface,  to  give  the  Hi /lory  of  that  Controverfy  in  which  my  Au- 
thor was  engaged,  from  tts  fir fi  Rife  till  his  Time?  Neither  have  t 
taken  zohat  J  have  wrote  upon  this  Subieii  from  Mr.  Du  Pin,  but 
from  the  ancient  Eccleftafiical  Htfiorians,  Socrates,  EuCebius,  Zoio- 
mcn,  Tlieodortt,  (S'c.  And  among fl  the  Moderns,  Jrom  Dr.  Cud- 
wortiiV  Intelledual  Syflem  of  the  Vniverfe ;  and  Mr.  Le  Clerk'j 
htftory  of  the  Ltfe  0/ Eufebius,  Bi/hopofCxCuTei. 

3dl^.  As  to  the  Htftory  of  the  Iconoclafts,  Albin  the  fir  ft  foun- 
der of  the  publick  Schools  at  Pa  via,  and  aScots  Man,  having  wrote  a 
A  "Book  again  ft  the  worfhtping  of  Images,  by  the  Command  0/"  Charles 
the  Great,   Kmg  of  France,  wa's  it  an  extraneous  Digrejjion  for  me, 

a  1  to 


IV 


The     PREFACE. 


to  give  an  ylccount  of  the^  Occafion  of  my  ylnthor's  writing  of  this 
Book,    ivhich  I  ioulcl  not  Ijavc  done  to  any  Purpofe,    vjithoiit  a  fhort 
Htfiorical  Narrative,  of  the  jcandalous  Confupons  that  arofe  in  the 
Chrifli^n  Church,  upon  this  Do6trine  of  WQrjhiping  of  Images ;  but 
what  1  ivas  only  to  Uame  lor  in  this  yirticle  was,  that  1  did  not  give 
an  y^c count  oj  the  jcandalous  Allowances  and  Difpenjations  that  the 
lefuites    of  China  gave  to    thetr   new  Converts,   for    their  Ido- 
latrous worfhiping  of  Confucius,    and  thetr  deceajl  Ancejiors,    not- 
wtthfianding  of  the  Proteflations  to  the  contrary,  by  the  yfpofolick  Vi-  ' 
cars,  Dominicans,  Aunul\inians,  Franciicans,  and  other  Mijjionaries 
in  that  Empire,   concerning  all  which,    J  ftiall  only  infert  here  a  Pa- 
ragraph from  the  ^d  Chipterof  the  id.  Volume  of¥.  Simon's  critical 
Bibliothec,    zvhcre  having  fummed  up  all  that  the  Jefuitcs  had  jaid 
in  their  own  Defence,  he  concludes  (a)  *'  Thus  let  them  fay  as  much 
"  as  they  plcale  on  the  one  Side,  there  is  not  the  leaft  Appearance, 
"  of  the  Apoftoliclc  Vicars,    Men  of  known  Virtue  and  Integrity, 
'*  and  wlio  only  went  to  China,  out  of  a  pure  Zeal  for  Religion, 
"  and  at  the  Intreaty  and  Defire  of  the  Jefuites  thcmfelves,    their 
"  intimate  Friends,  that  they  would  have  declared  againft  them  in 
"  Favours  ot  the   Dominicans,    the  born  and  naturju  Enemies  of 
"  the  SoLiety,  had  they  not  been  conftrain'd  to   it,  out  of  a  pure 
"  Love  to  the  T^uth;   and  on  the  other  Hand  it  is  manifeft,  that 
"  that  Spirit  of  ojitaining  a  Superiority  over  all  others,    which  in- 
"  duced  the  Jefuites  in  Europe  to  pervert  and  corrupt  all  the  Mo- 
"  ral  Rules  ot  the  Gofpel,    to  accommodate  them  to  the  perverfe 
"  Lufts  of  Men,  whom  they  endeavoured  by  all  Means  to  get  un- 
"  dcr  their  Diredion,  yea,  fo  far  as  even  to  have  difpenfed  with  the 
"  undirpen{able  Obligations  of  loving  of  Cod  5  for  which  they  in- 
*'  vented  that  monftruous  Tenet  of  the  Philofophic  Sin  :    1  fay,  it 
<'  is  manifeft,    that  'tis  the  fame  Spirit  that  has  engaged  the(e  Fa- 
"  thers  to  permit  to  People  in  China  that  embrace  the  Chriftian 
•'  Faith,  to  retain  almoft  the  whole  idolatrous  Worfliip  of  their  old 
"  Pagan  Religion,  that  they  might  have  the  Glory  alone,   of  ma* 
"  king  more  Converfions  than  all  the  other  Miflionaries  put  toge- 
"  thcr,    and  to  fee  themfelves  at  the  Head  of  a  more  numerous 
"  Flock  of  People  than  they  have, 

"  Likewife,  Let  us  allow  the  Lives  of  the  Jefuites  in  the  Indiei 
"  to  be  yet  further  expofed,  by  their  fcandalous  Commerce  and 
*'  TrafKquings  with  their  new  Converts,  and  their  Accepting  of  be- 
"  uig  made  (^Mandarines,  (the  Office  of  the  Priefthood  amongft 
•'  thcfe  Tagans)  Dignities  unworthy  and  unbecomfiig  the  Ambaf- 
"  fadors  ot  feftts  Chrift.  And  laflly,  For  their  Knowledge  in  the 
"  Mathematics,  with  which  they  make  a  greater  Parade  and  Show 
«  amongft  the  People,  than  by  Teaching  them  the  Gofpel ;  fo 
"  that  K  may  be  very  well  faid.  That  it  is  more  by  the  Vertue  of 
"  their  Aftrolabs  and  Tclefcops  that  they  triumph  in  their  Conver- 
fions 


(«)  Bib.  Cm.  Vo).   1.  Lc(.  3d. 


The     PREFACE. 


"  fions,    than  by  the  Efficacy  and  Force  of  our  Saviour'?  Crofs ; 
*'  which  oii  the  contrary  they  often  conceal  from  them. 

Tet  notwithftimding  of  all  this,  wy  Author  proceeds  to  wake  an 
yi oology  for  thcm^  which  indeed  is  a  ^eryjorry  one,  being  only  foun- 
ded upon  jome  of  their  Fellozo  Mifjionaries  Faults  cf  the  like  Na- 
ture. 

4thly.  y//  to  my  Hiflory  of  the  Predeftinarians,  /  ha'venot  fa  much 
as  attempted  an)  fuch  Thing ;  jo  faithful  are  thefe  Gentlemen  in  their 
Representations,  that  they  make  to  the  Puhlick  cf  the  Books  that  they 
pretend  to  have  read.  T'ts  true,  in  the  Lift  of  Rabanus  Maurus, 
xvhom  1  have  proved  to  be  a  Scotfman,  I  have  given  an  u4ccount  of 
the  Controvcrjy  that  zvas  betwixt  him  and  Gote(chalcus,  concerning 
Predeftination,  but  1  am  Jure  no  rational  Man  will  call  this  an  Ht- 
flory  of  the  Predeftinarian  Herefy,  or  think  that  it  zvas  an  extraneous 
Digrejfion  from  my  Subject. 

And  laflly,  as  to  that  profound  G^ueJ^ion  of  theirs,  what  Connexi- 
on is  there  betwixt  the  Life  of  a  learned  Scotfman,  and  the  Htjlory 
of  Abeillard  and  Heloife  ;  had  our  Journalifls  read  what  they  pre- 
tend to  give  an  Account  of,  they  hidjeen  the  Connexion  betwixt  them ; 
for  S.  /tlfred  the  Scots  Abbot  of  Ridua],  having  wrote  a  'Book  againfl 
Abillard's  Errors,  and  his  jcandalous  Amours,  with  Heloife  or 
Heloifa,  was  it  an  extraneous  Digreffion,  for  mt  to  give  an  Ac- 
count of  Abillard  and  Heloifa,  or  rather  was  then£  not  jucl)  a  necef- 
Jary  connexion,  that  I  could  not  give  a  rational  Account  of  the  one 
without  the  otber  ?  After  this  they  conclude  their  Cenfure  with  theje 
Words,  "  Our  Author  has  likewife  made  Ufe  of  Dempfter,  but  in 
"  making  Ufc  of  him,  he  has  taken  (fays  he)  all  necelfary  Prccau- 
'*  tions,  that  he  might  not  deceive  him,  but  the  Readers  will  not 
*'  be  apparently  of  his  Opinion ;  "  {a)  but  it  is  not  the  firfi  Time 
that  they  have  been  deceived  in  their  Conie6iures,  nor  apparently  will 
he  the  lafi,  and  they  have  been  very  often  and  fever ely  taken  to  Taskj 
for  their  pofttive  Deciftons  in  Matters  of  Literature,  nor  apparent- 
ly will  they  ever  attain  to  that  abfolute  Superiority  in  the  Republiek  of 
Letters,  that  their  Bretheren  of  the  Society  have  obtain  d  over  their 
Demi-pagan  Converts  in  the  Indies. 

'T/j  true,    that  Dempfter  has  often  fallen  into  Mifiakes,   as  any 
private  Min  cannot  evite  to  do,  that  undertakes  fuch  a  laborious  and 
difficult  Task  as  he  and  J  have  done,  for  Want  offujjicient  Informa- 
tion ;  but  J  have  acquainted  the  Publick,  in  /^f  Preface  to  my  jirjl  Vo- 
lume, that  whatever  Mtflakes  J  am  led  into,  either  by  his  or  any  other 
Authors  Authority,  upon  due  Advert  if ement,  J  [hail  make  a  publick 
Acknowledgment  of  it.  And  here  I fhall  take  the  Opportunity  of  making 
Mention  of  one,  communicated  to  me  by  my  learned  and  worthy  Friend 
T>r.  Patrick  Abcrcromby,  lately  deceasd\  a  Gentleman  whom  the  Na- 
tion has  been  infinitely  obliged  to  for  his  Performances  in  our  Htfiory^ 
in  which  he  hat  maJefevtral  'Valuable  Difcoveriesfrom  authentic  and 

b  un 

(<)  Nolit  Auicur  t'cO  (uOi  ftitl  dt  Dcmpfttr,  mill  «n  U   Cctnnl   il  •  prii  Jti  il,  (outti  Iti  prcc«Bti«si  D«c«IUirM  poti 


VI 


The   PREFACE. 


uncomro'verted  Documents,  and  which  wtU  rtndtr  his  Memory  Fa* 
mous  to  (til  future  Generations,  efpecjaUy  with  thoje  that  have  a  Lonjt 
for  the  Honour  or  Interefi  of  their  Country. 

'Tins  Gentleman,  in  the  Letter  which  he  received  from  the  prefent 
u4bbot  of  Worrzburg,  E  Auguftine  Bruce,  was  defired  to  comnjuni- 
cate  the  folloivini  Paragraph  tome: 

"  Dr.  MackenZjie  is  in  a  Miftake  concerning  our  Founder,  wlio 
"  died  in  the  Year  of  our  Lord  1151.  And  the  Infcription  upon 
"  his  Tomb  is,  Htc  jacet  (^achartm,  prtmm  j4hbas  hujtfs  Eccleft/t, 
"  per  quern  1)eus  vinum  in  ac\uam  convertit.  And  for  this  Mira- 
*'  clc's  being  done  coram  multis  tejlibus,  as  the  Monaftry's  Founda- 
"  tion-lctcers  exprcfl'cth  it,  they  polVefs  a  (uU  Prebendary  to  this 
"  Day  in  the  Cathedral  Church,  which  is  the  bcft  Part  of  their 
"  Rent. 

qAs  for  the  Miracle,  IJhall  not  concern  my  Jf  If  much  about  it,  tho' 
J  think  it  had  been  more  beneficial  for  hts  Monks  that  he  had  turned 
Water  into  Wine,  {as  Dempfter  has  it)  than  Wine  into  Watfr :  But  it 
mull  be  confejjed,  that  it  is  a  great  Mi  flake  in  Chronology,  in  making 
the  Macharius  that  jlourijhed  in  the  Beginning  of  the  ^th  Century^  to 
be  the  fame  ivith  the  Abbot  of  Worczburg  who  died  in  the  Tear  1 1 51. 

Hivino-  thus  Jhoivn,  how  confequential  J  have  been  to  tke  Plan  1 
laid  down  to  mjyfelf  which  hath  been  approved  of  by  Jeveral  learned 
Men,  both  in  our  own  and  Foreign  Nations,  as  J  could  inflance  in  Je- 
veral of  their  Letters  which  they  have  honoured  me  with ;  I  pall  now 
proceed  to  give  my  Reader  an  Recount  of  my  prefent  Perforrname. 

In  this  Volume  /  have  followed  the  fame  Method  as  in  the  Two 
Former ;  /o  that  befides  the  Lives  of  the  lUuflrtous  Perfons  mentioned 
here,  the  Reader  will  find  an  abridgment  of  a  great  many  valuable 
Books :  The  Hi/lory  of  the  Reformation  of  the  Church  0/ Scotland  i 
an  uiccount  of  all  the  ancient  Creeds  in  the  Primitive  Church;  a  Lifi 
of  all  the  General  Councils,  and  the  Occafions  of  their  being  called -, 
the  Hiftory  of  Jftronomy,  from  its  fir  ft  Rife  to  the  Lnd  of  the  i6tk 
Century;  the  Rife  and  Progress  of  the  Grecian  Comedy,  /o  AriftotleV 
Time ;  the  Hifiory  of  the  Septuagint  Tranflation  of  the  Bible ,  an  j4c- 
count  of  Ignatius  Loyola,  and  the  fir  ft  Foundation  of  the  Society  of 
the  Jefuites ;  the  Vodrine  and  Pra6itce  of  the  Primitive  Church  con- 
cerning Excommunication  t  the  fir  ft  Rife  and  Progrefs  of  Geography^ 
to  the  End  of  the  1 6th  Century,  an  jlccount  of  the  Writs  andVten- 
fils  of  the  Cathedral  Church  of  Glalgow  ;  an  Recount  of  the  Pra6ltce 
of  the  ]c\'js  and  Primitive  Chriftians  under  tyrannical  and  wicked 
Princes  ;  and  the  fir  ft  Rife  and  Extent  of  all  the  known  Languages 
in  the  World. 

The  Hiftory  of  the  Reformation  is  to  be  found  in  the  Life  of  G^jieen 
Mary,  and  thofe  Reformers  that  1  have  treated  of :  Tljat  of  the  an- 
cient Creeds,  m  the  Life  of  Patrick  Cockburn,  Profejjor  of  the  Ori- 
ental Languages  at  Paris :  That  of  the  Councils,  in  the  Life  ofQuin- 
tin  Kennedy,  ^/'/'or  o/'Crofs  Raguel:  Tliat  of  Afironomy,  tn  the 
Life  of  James  Baflentine,  Trofelfor  of  the  Mathematics  at  Paris  .- 

That 


The    PREFACE,  vii 


Th^t  of  the  Grecian  Comedy,  tn  the  Life  0/ John  Rutherford,  Pro- 
fcl^ur  of  Phtlofophji  in  the  Vni'verfity  of  St.  Andrew's;  That  of  the 
Scpiiiagim,  tn  the  Life  o/Thomas  Ogfton,  Profcjjor  of  the  Belles  Let- 
tres  at  Tourain:  That  of  the  Society  of  the  Jefuites,  in  the  Life  of 
James  Tayre  of  the  Society  0/ Jefus ;  That  of  Excomwunicatton,  tn 
the  Life  of  Mr.  Robert  Roilock,  Principal  of  the  College  of  Edin- 
burG,li  .'  That  of  Geography,  tn  the  Life  of  James  Chyne,  Doaor  of 
the  Laws  and  Profe^or  of  Philofophy  at  Doway  :  That  of  the  Cathe- 
dral Church  of  Glafi^ow,  in  the  Life  of  the  Reverend  Father  in  God 
James  Beaton  Jrchlifhop  of  Glafgow  :  That  of  Tajsive  Obedience 
in  the  Lift  of  William  Barclay,  Do^or  and  Prof ejfor  of  the  Lavj  at 
Angers ;  That  of  the  Languages,  in  the  Life  of  James  Bonaventure 
Hepburn,  of  the  Order  of  the  Minims,  one  of  the  greatefl  Linguifls 
that  ever  the  World  producd.  And  laflly,  in  the  Life  of  Merchifton, 
there  is  an  Account  of  the  wonderful  Invention  of  the  Logarithms. 
The  Writers  of  leffer  Note  who  were  contemporary  vjith  thoje  I  have 
treated  of  in  this  Volume,  /  have  omitted  till  ^  farther  Opportunity. 

All  that  I  have  further  to  advertife  the  Reader  is,  that  J 
have  feen  a  ProjaH,  ofpublifhing  in  Latine  an  Account  of  the  Lear- 
ned and  lUuflrtous  Perjons,  Benefadors  and  Friends  of  the  Kind's 
College  at  Aberdeen,  extracted  from  the  Authentick  Records  of  that 
Vniverfity,  by  my  learned  Friend  Mr.  John  Ker,, Prof eJfor  0/ Greek 
in  that  Vnivcrftty,  under,  the  following  Title,  Hiftorica  Nariatio  de 
Univerfitatis  &  Collegii  Regii  Abredonenfis  fundatione,  ejufdcm- 
quc  Amicis  &  Patronis  ex  Academias  hujusCharrophylacii  Archivis 
optimis  aliifquc  cxcerpta ;  in  Methodum  imprimis  quod  ad  accu- 
ratani  Ciironologia:  rationem  digefta,  iterum  atque  iterum  recog- 
nita,  Cura  &  ftudio  Joannis  Ker,  Gra:carum  Litcrarum  Profello- 
ris,  in  eadem  Academia  Regia  Abredonenfi. 

And  if  all  our  Vniverfities  and  Colleges  in  Scotland  and  abroad, 
VJould  do  what  this  learned  Gentleman  has  done,  for  the  Honour  of 
his  Society,  zve  fiould  foon  have  a  more  complete  and  exaCf  Hiflory, 
of  the  lUuflrious,  Perfons  of  our  Nation,  than  any  other  Country  in 
Europe  could  boafl  of  And  as  this  would  tend  vtry  much  to  the 
Honour  and  Glory  of  our  Country  in  general,  fo  it  would  in  particular 
to  the  Jnterefl  of  thefe  learned! Societies;  for  as  the  Kovmn  Orator 
obfcrves,  he  docs  not  deferve  the  Charader  of  a  learned  Man,  who 
is  ignorant  of  the  learned  Men  of  his  own  Country,  MM  quidem 
nuUi  fatis  eruditi  vidcntur,  quibus  noftra  ignota  funr.  And  J  am 
very  hopeful,  that  our  Vniverfities  by  a  generous  Emulation,  may 
be  excited  to  undertake  a  Work  of  this  Nature,  which  as  I  have  faidt 
would  tend  fo  much  to  the  Honour  of  our  Country. 

Jt  is  not  to  be  imagined,  but  that  in  this  Volume,  by  my  Ahjence 
from  tht  Prefs,  fome  Errors  and  Miflakes  may  be  found,  and  others 
of  great erConfecjuence,  for  want  of  due  Information ;  but  Ef capes  of  this 
Nature  being  inevitable  inall  JHchVndertakings,  all  I  /hall  claim  from 
the  Candid  Reader  h,  the  Allowances  that  are  granted  to  others  in 
(uch  Cafes. 


A    N 

2llpl^al)etical  Catalogue 

O    F 

Such  of  the  SUBSCRIBERS  7V(^;;zej'a«d 
T>efignations  as  have  come  to  our  Hand, 

A. 

THE  Rinhc  Honourable,  William  Marquis  of  Anandale. 
The  RTglu  Honourable,  Roberc  Vifcount  of  Arburchnot. 
Sir  WiUiam  Anl\rdthcr  of  cliat  Illc,   one  of  the  Senators 
oT  die  College  of  Juftice. 
John  Abernech),  M-  D. 
William  Adam,  Apothecary  in  Edinburgh. 
Alexander  Aikenhead,  Merchant  in  Edinburgh. 
Mr.  Thomas  Aikman  of  3riniltoun. 
Robert  Allan,  Merchant  in  Rotcrdam. 
Roberc  Alexander  of  Corfclays. 
Mr.  James  Andcrfon,  Town-ckrk  of  Elgin. 
Mr.  James  Anderfon,  Writer  to  the  Signet. 
Patrick  Anderfon,  Wright  in  Edinburgh. 
Sir  Alexander  Anftruther  of  Newark. 
Alexander  Arburthnot  of  Findowrie. 
Mr.  John  Arrat,  ProfelTor  ot  Philofophy. 
Thomas  Auch'inlcck,  Chirurgeon. 
James  Auchinleck,  Baker  in  Edinburgh. 

B. 

HE  R  Grace,  Anne  JDutchefs  of  Balcleuch. 
Tiie  Riglu  Honourable,  David  Earl  of  Buchan. 
The  Right  Hononrable,  Colin  Earl  of  Balcatras. 
The  Right  Honourable,  James  Earl  of  Bute. 
The  Right  Honourable,  John  Lord  Balmcrinoch. 
The  Right  Honourable.  Walter  Lord  Blantyre. 
Alexander  Bailie,  Writer  in  Fortrofe. 
Hugh  Bailie,  Sheriff-clerk  of  Rofs  and  Surveyor  at  InVcrneu 
Mr.  James  Bailie,  Colledor  at  Prefton-pans. 
John  Bailie,'  Chirurgeon  in  Edinburgh. 
Robert  Bailie  of  Cairnbrew. 
Mr.  James  Bailie,  Advocat. 
Mr.  James  Bailie,  Writer  to  the  SigneD 
Alexander  Bailie  of  AfliflecL 
Alexander  Bailie  of  Cafllecarry. 

Sir  WiUiam  Baird  of  Newbyth. 

A  Alex- 


II 


-■~  — ^ 

71)e  Names  and  Dejignations  of  the  Suhfcribers. 


Alexander  Bain  of  Logic. 
Caprain  Benjamin  Barron. 
John  Barber,  Bail ic  onnvernefs. 
Mr.  Robert  Bannernian,  Minifler  of  the  Gofpel. 
Mr.  Charles  Bonner,  Sheriff  Depute  of  Stirlin-Ihire. 
^h.  ]ohn  Birnic  of  Broomhill, 
John  Bl.->ir,  M  D. 

Ceor'jc  Horthwitic,  Chirurgion  in  Edinburgh. 
Tiionias  ]5o\ver,  At  D. 
Jolin  Bowie  of  Saltcoats. 
Walter  Bofwal  of  Balbarton. 
.Sir  George  Brown  of  Colftoun. 
Andrew  Brown  of  Daiiphinton. 
Archbald  Brown,    Writer  in  Edinburgh. 
Alexander  Bruce  of  Kinnaird. 
Alexander  Bruce,  Apothecary  in  Edinburgh. 
Sir  Thomas  Burnet  of  Le)s. 

Mr.  Alexander  Burnet,    ProfefTor  of  I'hilofophy  in  the  King's  Col- 
lege of  Aberdeen. 
Mr.  Gilbert  Burner,  Advocate. 
David  Burton,  Glaficr  in  Edinburgh. 

C 

THE  Ri;4ht  Honourable,  Robert  Earl  of  Carnwath. 
TheKii^hr  Honourable,  George  Earl  of  Cromerty. 
TiieRir>ht  Honourable,  Anne  Vifcountefs  of  Carington. 

Sir  William  Calderwood  of  Poltoun,    one  of  the  Senators  of  the 
Colle2,e  of  Juflice. 

Chrift's  Church  Library  in  Oxon. 

The  Honourable  Archbald  Campbell,  Son  to  the  Lord  Neil  Camp- 
bell. 

Sir  Duncan  Campbell  of  Lochnell. 

Sir  James  Campbell  of  Aberochil. 

Colin  Campbell  of  Camifniore. 

Colin  Campbell  of  Lochlane. 

Alexander  Campbell  Merchant  in  Stornway. 

David  Caw  in  Crecf 

Mr.  David  Crawford  of  Alentone. 

John   Cuthbert  of  Cafilehill. 

The  Reverend  Arthur  Charier,  Mafter  of  Univerfity  College,  Oxorw 

Robert  Car  younger  of  Cavers. 

Sir  James  Carmiclial  of  Bonnington. 

Tne  Honourable  Mr  William  Carmichal  Advocate. 

John  Carnegie  of  Boyfack. 

Mr.  Williani  Carftairs,  Principal  of  the  College  of  Edinburgh. 

James  Carftairs  Writer  in  Edinburgh. 

Willliam  Carf^airs  Apothecary  Chyrurgeon. 

Jamci  Carruthtrs  of  Hallaitiis. 

George 


The  Names  and  Deftgnattons  Of  the  ^ubjirtLers.  i.i 


George  Cairuthers  of  Holdmains 

James  Carriuhers   of  RobertluU. 

jVIr.  Jcilin  Cairuthcis  of  Denby. 

James  Cheap  of  Roflle. 

Tlie  Incorpoiation  ol  Chyrurgeons  at  Edinburgh. 

The  Incorporadon  of  Chyrurgeons  at  GlafgotV. 

Robert  Clark  Chyrurgeon  in  Edinburgh. 

William  Clark  Advocate. 

The  Honourable  William  Cochun  of  Kilmaionock. 

William  Cockburn    M.  T). 

Library  of  the  College  of  Edinburgh. 

Alexander  Colvil  of  Blair. 

John  Corfe  Writer  in  Edinburgh. 

Adam  Conlt  Advocate. 

John  Corfc  Writer  in  Edinburgh. 

Mr.  Charles  Craigengelt  of  Keverkec 

Mr.  George  Crawford  Brother  to  Kersburn. 

Mr.  Matthew  Crawford,  ProfefTor  of  Ecdefiaftic  Hiftory  in  theCiOl- 

lege  of  Edinburgh. 
Laurence  Crawford  of  Jordanflon. 
Mr.  George  Crocket   M  Z). 
Mr.  John  Crockat  Miniftcr  of  the  Gofpel. 
Patrick  Crichton  Cliirurgion  in  Dundee. 
Sir  William  Cunningham  of  Caprington. 
Sir  James  Cunningham  of  Milncraig. 
Mr.  John  Cunningham  of  Wpodhall  Advocate 
Mr.  William  Cunningham,  Provoft  of  Irvine. 


HI  S  Grace  Archibald  Duke  of  Douglafs. 
The  Right  Honourable  James  Lord  Drummond. 
The  Right  Honourable  Charles  Earl  of  Dunmorc. 
The  Right  Honourable  Lord  John  Drummond. 
The  Reverend  Dr.Dobfon,  Prcfident  of  Trinity  College  Oxon. 
Roderick  Dingwal  of  Cambufcurry. 
Sir  James  Dumbar  of  Hempriggs. 
John  Dumbar  of  Burgie. 
Mr.  George  Dumbar  Minifter  at  Nairn. 

James  Dacs  Writer  in  Ed.nburgh. 
James  Deans  of  Woodiflie. 

Tiic  Honourable  Sir  David  Dalrymple,  Lord  Advocate, 

Thomas  Dalrymple  M.  D. 

James  Dewar  Brewer  in  Edinburgh. 

Mr.  Alexander  Dyck,  ProfefTor  of  Humanity  at  Dalkeith. 

Mr.  Don  of  Hattenburn. 

John  Don  of  Spitxle,  Sheriff  Clerk  of  Stifling. 

Lieutenant  Robert  Douglas. 

James  Douglas  of  Mains. 

A  z  James 


'I  II      I        »  I 

iv  The  Names  and  Defignattom  of  the  Subjcrihers. 

James  Douglafs  ot  Dornock. 

Mr.  Robert" Douglafs  of  Aucldnfchinach. 

Sir  William  Drummond  of  Hawthornden. 

Thomas  Drummond  of  Logy-Almond. 

John  Drummond  of  Culquhilzie. 

Mr.  David  Drummond,  Advocate. 

James  Drummond  of  Rlair-Drummond. 

John  Drummond,  M-  D 

George  Drummond,   Merchant  in  Edinburgh. 

Mr.  William  Drummond,  Writer  in  Edinburgh. 

Mr.  William  Drummond  of  Grange. 

William  Drummond  of  Mackany. 

John  Drummond  ot  Megans. 

]ohn  Dutf,    Writer  in  Aberdeen. 

Sir  James  Dumbar  of  Mochram. 

Alexander  Dumbar  of  Biihop-mill,  Sheriff  of  Murray. 

Ludovick  Dumbar  of  Grange. 

Alexander  Dumbar,  Taylor  in  the  Canongatc. 

Ralph  Dundafs  of  Mannor. 

Alexander  Duncan  of  Lundie. 

Mr.  William  Dunlop,  Son  to  the  Laird  of  HoufehiU. 


TH  E   Right  Honourable  Charles  Earl  of  Errol,    High  Con- 
(table  of  Scotland. 
Tiie  Right  Honourable  John  Lord  Elphingflon. 
The  Right  Honourable  Alexander  Lord  Elibank. 
The  Right  Honourable  Lady  Sophia  Erskine,    Dowager  of  Pit- 

fligo. 
The  Right  Honourable  Ciiarles  Mafter  of  Elphinfton. 
The  Right  Honourable  James  Erskine  of  Grange,    Lord  Juftice 

Clerk,  and  one  of  the  Senators  of  the  College  of  Juftice. 
Mr.  David  Erskine  of  Dun,    one  of  the  Senators  of  the  College  of 

Juftice. 
The  Honourable  Sir  Alexander  Erskine  Lord  Lion,  King  at  Arms. 
William  Eccles  M.  D. 
Patrick  Edmifton  of  Newton  Edmifton. 
Thomas  Ellies  Writer  to  the  Signet. 
Gideon  Elliot  Writer  to  the  Signet. 
Robert  Elliot  Chirugeon  in  Edinburgh. 
The  Honourable  William  Erskine, 
Colonel  John  Erskine,  Deputy  Governor  of  the  Caftlc  of  Stirling. 


TH  E  Right  Honourable  Archibald  Earl  of  Foifar. 
Mr.  Fiflier  of  Balliol  College  Oxon. 
Alexander  Falconer  Merchant  in  Elgin. 
Thomas  Fenton  Merchant  in  Edinburgh. 


The  Names  and  'Defgnatms  of  the  Sul>[cyilrers.' 


Mr.  David  Fothediigliatn,  Merchanc  in  Lon4on. 

Thoaias  FifKcr,  Merchant  in  Edinburgh. 

Archibald  Fiflicr,  Cliirurgeon  in  Edinburgh. 

Patrick  Foord,  M  D. 

David  Fotheringham,  M.  2). 

John  Forbes  of  Colloden: 

John  Forbes,   Peutherer  in  the  Canongate. 

Robert  Forreft,  Merchant  in  Edinburgh. 

Thomas  Forreft,  Merchant  in  London. 

Hugh  Forfyth  of  Garvil. 

Mr.  William  Fowlis  of  Woodhall,  Advocat. 

Mr.  George  Frazer,  Sub-principal  of  the  King's  College  at  Aberdeen! 

John  Frazer  of  Kirktoun. 

Henry  Frazer,  Hcrauld-paintdr. 

Mr.  David  Frcebairn,  Minifter  of  the  Gofpel. 

Mr.  Robert  Freebairn,  Bookfeller  in  Edinburgh.. 

David  French  of  Frcnchland. 

G. 

HI  S  Grace  George  Duke  of  Gordon. 
Her  Grace,  Elizabeth  Dutchefs  Dowager  of  Gordon. 
Her  Grace,  Hcnricta  Dutchefs  of  Gordon. 
The  Right  Honourable,  William  Earlof  Glencaijn. 
The  Right  Honourable,  James  Earl  of  Galloway. 
The  Right  Honourable,  Pliilip  Lord  Glamis. 
Sir  Francis  Grant  of  CuUen,  one  of  the  Senators  of  the  College  of 

Jufticc. 
James  Galbratih  of  Balgaird. 
Mr.  John  Gaudie,  Minifter  at  Earlftoun. 
Captain  David  George,  Merchant  at  Aberdeen. 
John  Jardine  of  Applegirth, 
Sir  Tliomas  Gibfon,  Baronet. 
James  Gopdlct  of  Abbotftiall. 
■Alexander  Gordon,    Writer  in  Edinburgh. 
Mr.  John  Gillan,  Bookfeller  in  Edinburgh. 
Sir  John  Gordon  of  Enboll. 

Sir  William  Gordon  oi  Inver-gordon,   for  all  the  Three  Volumes. 
Alexander  Gordon  of  Ardoch,    Commiltary  General  of  the  Mufters 

oi  Scotland. 
James  Grant  of  that  Ilk. 
Robert  Gray,    M  D-  Fellow  of  the  Royal  College  of  Phyficians  at 

London, 
James'  Graham  of  Fintrav,  Younger- 
Mr.  Andrew  Garden,   Minifterof  the  Gofpel. 
Mr.  George  Gordon,  ProlelTor  of  the  Oriental  Languages  at  Aber- 
deen. 
Mr.  William  Gordon,  Merchant  in  Edinburgh. 

B  Tho- 


vi  The  Names  and  Defignnttom  of  the  Suhjcnters- 


Thomas  Gordon,   Captain  of  Her  Ma)eft/'»  Ship  The  J^o^al  IVil^ 

Ham. 
Alexander  Gordon  of  Pitlurg. 
Robert  Gordon  of  Cluny. 
John  Glafs  of  Sauchy. 
William  Govan,  Younger  of  Drumquhanie 
Alexander  Grant  of  thac  Ilk. 
Robert  Gray  oi  Warriftoun. 
John  Gregory,   Writer  in  Edinburgh. 
Thomas  Grieve,  Apothecary  in  Dundee. 
David  Graham  of  Fintrie. 
John  Graham,  Younger  of  Killearn. 
Thomas  Graham  of  Balgoun. 
CoUonel  William  Graham,  Merchant  in  London. 
Colonel  William  Graham  of  Buchaple- 
Mr.  James  Graham,  Advocat,   Junior. 
Mr.  James  Graham,  Merchant  m  Edinburgh. 
John  Graham  of  Mackeinfton. 
Alexander  Graham  ot  Ducharie. 
George  Graham,  M-  D. 
Mr.  James  Graham,  Minifter  at  Dumfermlio. 
George  Graham  of  Pitcairns. 
James  Graham  of  Kilmanan. 
John  Graham  of  Glendoik. 
Sir  Robert  Grier  of  Lag. 
Tames  Grierfon  of  Kapinoch.    , 
Air.  Henry  Guild,  Writer  in  Edinburgh. 

H 

HI  S  Grace  James  Duke  of  Hamilton 
Her  Grace  Anna  Dutchefs  of  Hamilton. 

The  Right  Honourable,  Alexander  Earl  of  Hume; 
The  Right  Honourable,  John  Earl  of  Haddington. 
Mr.  John  Hay,   Son  to  Mr.  John  Hay,   one  of  the  Clerks  of  the 

SelTion. 
The  Reverend  Mr.  Hill,  Fellow  of  Queen's  College  Oxen. 
Mr.  Thomas  Hatchet,  Merchant  in  London. 
Mr.  William  Harper,  Minifter  of  the  Gofpel. 
James  Hacket,  M.  D- 
William  Hairftons  of  Craigs. 
John  Haldin  ot  Glenagles, 
John  Haldin  of  Lanrick 

Mr.  James  Haldin,  Profeflbr  of  Greek  in  St.  Andrews. 
Mr.  Patrick  Haldin,  Profcflbr  of  Eccleiiaftic  Hiftory  in  St.  Andrews. 
James  Hamilton  of  Olivcftab. 
John  Hamilton  M.  D. 
John  Hamilton  of  Bardowic. 
John  Hamilton,  Merchant  in  Edinburgh. 

Sit 


The  Names  and  Veftgnations  of  the  Subjcribert.  vii 

Sir  James  Hamilton  of  Rofehall* 

Mr.  Andrew  Hajr  oi  Monblaric 

John  HayofPittour. 

Patrick  Hay  Gentleman. 

John  Henderfon,  Wright  in  Edinburgh. 

John  Henry,  late  Deacon  ot  the  Coidinas  in  Ediilbuigh* 

Robert  Hepburn  of  Keith. 

William  Harris  of  Mabie. 

Rof^er  Hog,  Merchant  in  Edinburgh* 

Sir  James  Holburn  of  Menftrie. 

Sir  Alexander  Hope  of  Carfc. 

John  Hopeprinplc  of  that  Ilk. 

Roderick  Hofack,  M  D- 

Alexander  Horfeburgh  of  that  Ilk. 

Richard  Howifon,  Writer  in  Edinburgh. 

Sir  Robert  Home  oi  Renton. 

Mr.NinianHome,  Miniftei  at  Sproufton* 

I 

THE  Right  Honourable,  James  Lord  Johnfton. 
Sir  Henry  Jnnes  oi  that  Ilk. 
Sir  George  Innes  of  Cockftcn. 
Geotge  Innes  of  Dunkintie. 
Robert  Johnfton  ofStraitoHi 
James  Johnfton  M.  D. 
Mr.  William  Johnfton  of  Sheens. 
Mr.  Archibald  Johnfton,  Portioneif  at  Mofwfc 
Mr.  William  Johnfton  of  Bearbouton. 
Robert  Johnfton  of  Wamphry. 
Andrew  Johnfton  of  Newton. 
Williarn  Johnfton  of  Granton. 
William  Johnfton  Poftmafterat  Haddington* 
Edward  JoifTy  of  Weft-pans. 
George  Jamifon,  Gardiner  to  the  Duke  o(  Harouton. 

K 

TH  E  Right  Honourable  William  Earl  of  Kilmarnocl; 
The  Right  Honourable,  George  Earl  of  KinnouL 
The  Right  Honourable,  John  Earl  of  Kintore. 
The  Right  Honourable,  Alexander  Earl  of  Kelly. 
The  Right  Honourable,    William  Vifcount  of   Kilfyth. 
The  Reverend  Dr.  Kennet,  of  Cor^iu  Chrifii  College  OxOD. 
Colonel  Robert  Keith  of  Craigie. 

Jon  Ker  of  KerMand.  .    ^  „         c  ax.  . 

Mr.  John  Ker,  ProfefTor  of  Greek,  in  the  King's  CoUege  of  Aber- 
deen. 
Archibald  Ker,  Apothecary  in  Edinburgh. 
Su  Frances  Kinloch  of  Gilmcrton.  ^ 

B  2  C*- 


^,ii  'The  Names  and  Defignattom  of  the  Subjcrileri. 


David  Killoch  of  Kilray. 

Thomas  Kincaid,  Son  to  tlic  Dcccaft  Tliorri^s  Kincaid  of  Achinrc- 

och. 
J,Ii.  LaiuciKe  Knox,  Writer  in  Lochmabcn. 


T 


H  E  Ri"ht  Honourable,   James  Earl  of  Linlithgow. 
The  Ri^lit  Honourable,   John  Earl  ot  Lauderdale. 
The  Right  Honourable;'  David  Earl  of  Lcven. 
Joh.n  Lauder  of  Founiiainhall,  junior. 
Wilham  Lauder,  M.  D- 
William  Law,  Jeweller  in  Edinburgh; 
The  Reverend  Mr.  Charles  Lelly. 
David  Lindfay,  A  M 
Mr.  Patrick  Lyon,  ot  Kerfs. 
William  Lcrmont,  M.  D. 
|ohn  Locli,  Merchant  in  -Edinburoji. 
Air.  Micliael  Livingllon  of  Bantasken. 
Mr.  James  Lindfay,  of  Douhill. 
Mr.  Jauies  Lelly,'  Sheriff  .Clerk  of  fife, 
Ceorge  Lockhart,   ofCarnwath. 
James  Lcnvis  ol  Ateichillon. 
"jolm  Loudon,    Lrofelfor  ot  Philofophy,   in  die  Univerfity  of  Glaf- 

gow. 
James  Lutefoot,  M.  D- 

M. 

HI  S  Grace  James  Duke  of  Montrofe. 
The  Right  Honourable,  William  Earl  Marifchal  ot  Scotland, 
The  Right  Honourable,  Lady  Jean  Mackenzie,  Countefs 

Dowager  of  Mar. 
The  Ri'j)it  Honourable,  Lady  Anne  Mackenzie,  Daughter  to  the 

Marquis  ot  Seatorth. 
The  Ri^hi  Honourable,  Lady  Mary  Mackenzie,   Daughter  to  the 

Marquis  ot  Seatorth. 
The  Ri'j,ht  Honourable,  John  Lord  Macleod. 
The  Right  Honourable,  Lord  James  Murray,  Brother  to  his  Grace 

the  Dukeot  Athole. 
The  Honourable,  George  Mackenzie,  Son  to  the  Earl  ot  Seaforth. 
The  Honourable,  Colin  Mackenzie,    Son  to  the  Earl  of  Seaforth. 
The  Honourable,  Colonel  Alexander  Mackenzie,  Son  to  the  Earl 

of  Seafwth. 
The  Honouri^ble,    Henry  Maul  of  Kelly,    Brother  to  the  Earl  of 

Pan  mure. 
Sir  James  Mackenzie,  of  Royfton,  one  of  the  Senators  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Tuilice. 
Normand  Mackleod  of  that  Ilk. 
Patrick  Mackay  ot  Scoury. 

A- 


The  Names  and  Deftgnations  of  the  Suhjcribert,  ix 


Alexander  Mackenzie  of  Garloch. 

Alexander  Mackenzie,  younger  of  Davochmaluack. 

Alexander  Mackenzie  of  Ord. 

Alexander  Mackenzie,  M.  D.  at  Fortrole,  for  the  }  Volumesi 

Donald  Mackenzie  of  Kiluwy,  for  the  3  Volurhes. 

Colin  Mackenzie  of  Mont  Gerauld. 

Colin  Mackenzie  Chyrurgeon  in  Edinburgh. 

George  Mackenzie,   younger  of  Cromarty. 

Kenneth  Mackenzie  of  Dundonald. 

Kenneth  Mackenzie  ot  Mureton. 

John  Mackenzie  of  Suddy. 

Ifobel  Mackenzie,  Lady  Tulloch. 

James  Mackenzie,    M  D. 

Mr.  Hedlor  Mackenzie,  Minifter  of  the  Gofpel. 

John  Mackenzie  of  Heyfield. 

Roderick  Mackenzie,  younger  of  ScatwelL 

Penelope  Mackenzie,  Lady  Cknronald. 

Simon  Mackenzie  of  Logie. 

Simon  Mackenzie,  Goldfmith  at  Inveinefs. 

William  Mackenzie  of  Balmaduchy,  for  the  ^  Volumes. 

Roderick  Mackenzie  of  Applecrofs. 

Kenneth  Mackenzie,  Merchant  in  Invcrnefs. 

Sir  Heiftor  Maclean  of  that  Ilk. 

James  Maclean,  M  2>.  at  Invernefs. 

Mr.  Alexander  Maclenan,  Minifter  of  the  GoIpcL 

Roderick  Macleod  of  Catboll. 

Thomas  Maire,  Merchant  in  Linlithgow. 

William  Melvil,    D-  D. 

Sir  Patrick  Maxwall  of  Sprinkell. 

Mr.  Allan  Morifon,    Minifter  ot  the  Gofpel  itl  the  Lews. 

James   Miller   ^  M. 

John  c^ackdonald  of  Glengary. 

Robert  c^acklellan  of  Barcklay. 

Robert   e^Wackbriar  of  Netherwood. 

Sir  Donald  e^Tk/ackdonald  of  Slait. 

Ronald  cpliackdonald  of  Clanronald. 

Donald  Afackdonald  of  Benbech. 

Ronald  Afackdonald  of  Afiltoun 

Evan  A/ackgregorofNewhaven. 

Gilbert  Afackay,  one  of  the  Clerks  of  ihc  Bills. 

Alexander  Mackay  of  Palgowrt. 

Sir  Kenneth  Afackenzie  ot  Cromartie. 

Sir  John  Mackenzie  of  CowL 

Sir  Kenneth  Mackenzie  of  Scatwall 

Alexander  Mackenzie  of  Frazerdale. 

Mr.  Simon  Mackenzie  of  Allangrange. 

George  Mackenzie  of  Inchcoulter. 

Rodericic  Mackenzie  of  Rcdcaftle  Elder. 


The  Names  and  Defi^nattons  of  the  Sui'Jcrthers. 


Roderick  Mackejjzie  of  Redcaftle,  Youngef. 

Alexander  Mackenzie  of  Davochmaluak. 

Mr.  Simon  Mackenzie  of  Tarardon,  Elder, 

Kenneth  Mackenzie  of  Tarardon,  Younger. 

Roderick  Mackenzie  of  Fairburn. 

Murdoch  Mackenzie  of  Ardrofs. 

Mr.  John  Mackenzie  ot  Delvin. 

Mr.  Colin  Mackenzie  of  Rofe-end. 

Sir  Colin  Mackenzie,  Advocar. 

George  Mackenzie  of  Gruniard. 

Kenneth  Mackenzie,  Efq; 

Colonel  Duncan  Mackenzie. 

Roderick  Mackenzie,  fonietime  Secretary  to  the  Indian  iind  African 

Company. 
Mr.  Alexander  Mackenzie,  Minifter  of  the  Gofpel. 
Alexander  Mackenzie,  Barber  and  Burgefs  of  Edinburgh; 
Alexander  Mackenzie,  Facflor  to  the  MarchiOnds  ot  Seafdfth. 
Kenneth  Mackenzie  Younger,  BaiUe  in  Elgin. 
Kenneth  Mackenzie,  Writer  in  Edinburgh- 
Charles  Mackenzie,  Writer  in  Edinburgh. 
Malcolm  Macaula,  Skipper  in  Leith. 
Williarp  Macleod  of  Beincrie. 
Mr.  Alexander  Macleod,  Advocat. 
Roderick  Macleod.  Son  to  the  Tutor  of  Macleod. 
Sir  John  Malcolm  of  Invertill. 
James  Malcom  of  Grange. 

Mr.  James  Marjoribanks,  Aferchant  in  Edinburgh. 
Mi-  Henry  Miul,  Writer  to  the  Signet. 
Mu  George  iWaul,  Fadfor  to  the  Earl  of  Panmure. 
Sir  George  Afaxwel  of  Orchartoun. 
Sir  Alexander  A/axwel  of  iWonrcith. 
Francis  e^'^axwel  of  Tinwall. 
William  Maxvvel  of  TyrconaL 
George  c^axwel  of  Garnfalloch. 
John  A/axwel  of  Stevenfon. 
Walter  e^elvil,  Herauld-painter. 
Gilbert  A/enzies  of  Pitfoddlcs. 
William  cJ^enzics  of  Pitfoddlcs. 
e^r.  Charles  A/enzies  of  Kinmundie. 
George  cPJ^enzies,  Bailie  in  Falkirk, 
c^r.  Alexander  A/enzics  of  Coultcraws,  Advocat 
Robert  Afiddleton  of  Balbegno. 
Sir  Thomas  A/oncrief  of  that  Ilk. 
jVfr.  William  M\x\x  of  CafTancarry. 
John  Afuir,  Brother  to  the  Laird  of  Kowalkn, 
William  Moi\(on  of  Preflongrang^. 
c^ajor  George  JWonro  of  Auchinbowic 
Munioi)>  Efq; 

^  WiUiam 


The  Names  and  Dtjignattons  of  the  Subjcribers-  xi 


William  Murray  of  Abercarnie. 

Sir  Alexander  Murray  of  Mclgum. 

Sir  John  Murray-Hepburn  oiGlendoick. 

Sir  David  Murray  ot  Stanhope. 

John  Murray  elder,  of  Toucnadam. 

John  Murray  younger,  of  Touchadam. 

John  Murray  of  Strowan. 

Jatriclc  Murray  of  Duchar. 

Alexander  Murray  of  Bruchton. 

Mr.  Maurice  Murray,  Brother  to  Abercarnie 

James  Murray,  Comftiiflar-clerk  of  Dumblane. 

John  Murray,   M  D. 

Gideon  Murray  Efq; 

N. 

TH  E  Right  Honourable,  William  Earl  of  Nithfdalc 
The  Right  Honourable,  David  Earl  of  Northesic. 
The  Right  Honourable,  William  Lord  Nairn. 
John  Nairn  of  Greenyards. 
William  Nairn,  Baillic  of  Dalkeith. 
Alexander  Nairn  ot  Drunkilbo. 
Robert  Nafmiih  of  Poffow. 
John  Napier  of  Culcrcnch. 
James  Nicolfon,   Writer  in  Edinburgh. 
William  Nisbet  of  Ditleton. 

O. 

JOHN   OGILVIEof  Lunan,,  Advocate. 
Patrick  Ogilvie  of  Balfour. 
Alexander  Ochterlony,  Merchant  in  London. 
Patrick  Oliphant  of  Bachleton. 
James  Oliphant  of  Gask. 
George  Oliphant  of  Glafhbenie. 
John  Ochterlony  of  Guinde. 
John  Ochterlony,  Writer  to  the  Signet. 

P. 

HI S  Grace,  William  Duke  of  Powis. 
The  Right  Honourable,    Alexander  Lord  Pitfligo. 
The  Right  Honourable,  Jean  Lady  Polwart 
Sir  Hugh  Paterfon  of  Banockburn. 
William  Paterfon  of  Dunraorc 
John  Paterfon  Efq; 

Alexander  Ptolmy,   Merchant  in  Fortrofc,  for  the  J  Volumeft 
William  Ptolmy,  Merchant  in  Fortrofc 
David  PUcairn,   Ai  A 
ilexandet  Paterfon,  ChyfUfgeon  at  InrcrneU 


** ■ I 

^ii  The  Names  and  Defignations  0/  iht  Suhfchbert.         ______ 

John  Paterfon,  Merchant. 
John  PutuUoch  of  Balhouffie. 
Tohn  Pear(on  of  Kippen-Rofs. 
Archibald  Pitcairn,  M-  'D. 
John  Prefton  of  WhicehiU. 
Tames  Prefton  of  Dumbrae. 
Sir  Archibald  Primerofc-Fowlis  of  Dunnipace. 
Mr.  Francis  Pringle,    Greek  Profenbr  in  St.  Leonard's  College,   St. 

Andrew's. 
David  Plendcrleith  of  Blyth,  AdVocat. 
Mr.  Gawin  Plummef,  Meirchant  in  Edinburgh. 
Sir  Robert  Pollock  of  that  Ilk. 
John  Paton,  Merchant  in  Edinburgh. 


H 


I S  Grace,  James  Duke  of  Q.utfensberry. 

R. 


HI  S  Grace,  John  Duke  of  Roxburgh, 
The  Right  Honourable,  John  Earl  of  Rothes. 
The  Ric^ht  Honourable,  Robert  Lord  Rollo. 
The  Honourable  Charles  Rofs  ot  Belnagoun. 
Alexander  Rofs  of  Ankerville. 
John  Rofs  Younger,  of  Aldie, 
GharlesRofsof  Ey. 
James  Ramfliy,  Merchant  in  Dundee. 
Alexander  Reid,  Merchant  in  Fortrofe. 
Mr.  Patrick  Rae,  Minifter  at  Kilbride, 
Mr.  Andrew  Ramfay,  Advocat. 
John  Ramfay,   M-  D- 
Thomas  Rattray  of  Craighall. 
Walter  Riddel  of  Glen-Riddel. 
Andrew  Riddel  of  Haining. 
Alexander  Robertfon  of  Strowan. 
James  Robertfon,  M.  D- 
Mr.  William  Robertfon,  Writer  in  Edinburgh. 
Sir  Henry  Rollo  of  Woodfide. 
Robert  Rollo  of  Powhoufe. 

Andrew  Rofs,  Mafter  of  the  Manufadory  at  Muflelburgh. 
Thomas  Ruddiman,  ji.  M. 
Francis  Ruffel,  Apothecary  in  Edinburgh. 
Robert  Rutherford  of  Fcrmailie. 
Andrew  Rutherford  of  Edgeiftoun. 


I? 


I  ~^-^'|-''- -Ml         ^ 1 ■ ^^^Ml    ■■^_l____l __^^ 

The  Names  and  Defignatiom  of  she  Suhjcriben. 


Xll! 


S. 

THE  Right  Honourable,  William  Lord  Seaforth. 
The  Right  Honourable,  Frances  Countefs  of  Scaforcli. 
The  Right  Honourable,  George  Earl  of  Sutherland. 
The  Right  Honourable,  James  Earl  of  Southesk. 
The  Riglu  Honourable,  John  Earl  of  Stair. 
The  Reverend  Father  in  God,  Gilbert  Bifhop  of  Sarum. 
The  Right  Honourable,  Henry -Lord  Saintdair. 
Sir  Robert  Suintclair  of-  Longformacus. 
Sir  George  Saintclair  of  Kir.naird. 
John  Saintclair,  M.  D- 

James  Saintclair,  one  of  the  Clerks  of  the  Bill-chartibcr. 
Sir  William  Scot  of  Harden. 
David  Scot  of  Scotftarvat. 
Thomas  Scot,  Brother  to  Sir  James  Scot  of  Galla. 
Sir  William  Scot  ot  Thyrlftane,  Advocate, 
Dr.  Robert  Shippen,  Principal  of  Brazen-Nofe  College,  Oxon. 
George  Strachan,  Bookfeller  in  London. 
John  Stuart,  Bailie  of  Invernefs 
Sir  Philip  Sydenham  of  Brympton,  Baronet. 
Mr.  Alexander  Scrimzeor,  at  St.  Andrew's,  for  the  publick  Library. 
Archibald  Seaton  of  Touch. 
William  Seaton  of  Pitmedden^  Tounger. 
Sir  John  Schaw  of  Greenock* 
James  Schaw,  Writer  in  Edinburgh. 
James  Skeen  of  Hallyards, 

Mr.  William  Skcen,  Mafker  of  the  High  School  in  Edinburgh. 
Mr.  John  Skinner.  Minifter  of  Bothkennar. 
David  Smith  of  Methvin. 

Mr.  William  Smith,  ProfefTor  of  Philofophy  at  Aberdeen* 
John  Smith,  Writer  in  Cowpar  of  F:fe. 
Robert  Smith,  Oculifl. 
Colonel  George  Somervel. 
fames  Somervel  of  Drum. 
James  Spittle  of  Luchat. 
Sir  Archibald  Stevenfon,  M.  D. 
Kenneth  Stevenfon,  M.  D-  at  Elgin. 
James  Stirling  of  Kier. 
William  Stirlin'T  of  Northfide. 
Sir  Mungo  Stirtinf:  of  Glorat. 
William  Stirling  of  Herbertlliire. 
Charles  Stirling  of  Kippendavie. 
Mr.  James  Stirling,  Chirurgeon. 
William  Stirling,  Chirurgeon  in  Stirling. 
Bertram  Scot,  Efq}  in  Nonhumbcrlano, 
James  Stuart  of  Allantoun, 
Mr.  Walici  Stuart,  Advocat. 

D  The 


xiy  The  Names  and  befignattom  of  the  Subjcrthers. 

The  Honourable  Mr.  William  Sutherland,  Brother  to  the  L  Duffuj* 

Mr.  Alexander  Sutherland,  Minifter  of  the  Gofpcl. 

Sir  John  Swinton  of  Swinton. 

Colin  Simpfon  of  WhitchiU. 

Daniel  Sinifon,   Wruer  to  the  Signet. 

T. 

TH  E  Right  Honourable,  the  Earl  of  Traquaire. 
The  Right  Honourable,  George  Lord  Tarbac. 
Talbot,  tfq; 
Mr.  David  Tliomfon,  FatfVor  to  the  Earl  of  Northcsk. 
Mr  Robert  Thomfon,  Fadtor  to  the  Vifcount  of  Arbuthndt 
Sn  David  Threpland  of  Fingask. 
John  Trotter  of  Mortounhall. 
Robert  Trotter,  aJ^.  D. 


J 


U. 
OHN  Urry,  M.  A  in  Chrift's  Church  College,   Oxon. 


W. 

THE  Riglit  Honourable,  George  Earl  of  Winton. 
The  Right  Honourable,  John  Earl  of  Wigron. 
The  Right  Honourable,    DaVid  Earl  of  Wemyfs- 
John  Wauchop  of  Edmifton. 
James   Wauchop  of  Kailcmoor,  Advocate. 
Francis  Wauchop  Merchant  in  Edinburgh. 
James  Walkenfhaw  of  that  Ilk. 
John  Walkenfhaw  of  Barrowfield. 
James  Wei  wood  M-  D-  Fellow  of  tlie  Royal  College  of  Phyfician* 

at  London. 
George  Walker  Writer  in  Edinburgh. 
John   Wallace  Apothecary  in  Edinburgh. 
George  Wingate  A.  M. 
John  Watfon    M-  D- 
James  Watfon  Merchant  in  Stirling. 
Edward  Vaughan  Efq; 

James  Winram,  Sheriff-clerk  of  Berwick  Shire. 
William  Wilfon,  one  of  the  Under-clerks  of  the  Seffion. 
James  Wifcman  Writer  in  Elgin. 
John  Wordie  of  Cambusbaren. 
John  Wright  of  Kerfy. 

Y. 

TH E  Right  Reverend,    John  Arch-bifliop  of  yorlc. 
The  Right  Honourable,  Charles  Lord  Hay  of  Ycfler. 
Jofeph  Young  Merchant  in  Edinburgh. 
Mr.  Ninian  Young,  Profeflor  of  Philofophy  in  St.  Leonard's  College. 
George  Yeoman,  Merchant  in  Dundee. 
Murdoch  Young,  Writer  in  Beauhe. 


Vol.  III. 


The 


Uk  of  Sir  GILBERT  HAT,  Chamber 
lain  to  Charles  VI.  King  of  France, 


H  E  Nayes  are  faid  to  liave  their  firft  Rife  from  a  very 
noble  and  heroick  Adion,  about  the  Year  of  our 
Lord  980,  in  the  Reign  of  Kenneth  III.  as  we 
have  fhown  in  the  Life  of  that  Prince,  in  tlie  fecond 
Vokime  of  this  Work,  Pag.  60.  But  whatever 
Truth  be  in  this,  it  is  certain  tl-.at  this  is  one  ot  the  moft  noble  and 
ancient  Families  in  Scotland,  and  diat  ever  fince  the  Reign  of  King 
Robert  Bruce,  they  have  been  Lord  Higii  Conftables  ot  Scotland-. 
Tiiat  Prince,  for  the  faithful  Service  and  Loyalty  of  Robert  Lord 
Htj,    declar'd  them  heretable  Conftables  ot  Scotland,  about  the 

From  this  noble  and  ancient  Family  our  Author  was  defccnded,  .^J^'^j^^'^'IJ 
of  whom  I  have  no  other  Account  to  give,  but  that  lie  was  born  in*'- 
the  North  of  Scotland,  brought  up  at  the  Univerfity  of  Jberdeen^ 
where  after  he  had  finifhed  the  Courfe  of  his  Studies  inPhilofopliy* 
he  commenced  Maftcr  of  Arts,  went  over  to  France,  where  he  ftudied 
the  Laws,  and  was  Batchelor  of  the  Canon  Law,  and  for  his  great   ^,^  ^^^ 
Merit,  obtained  tiie  Honour  of  Knighthood,  and  was  made  Chamber-  ^';j|^,'""* 
lain  to  Charles  VI.  King  of  France  ;  upon  whofe  Death  he  returned 
to  Scotland,  and  was  in  great  Favour  and  Efteem  witli  WiUiam  Earl 
of  Orkney,  and  Lord  High  Chancellor  of  Scotland,  at  whofe  Defire 
he  tianflated  from  t\\c  French  into  Scots,  Dt.  Bonnet's  Book  of  Battles 
in  the  Year  of  Our  Lord  i^$6. 

This  HonoratHS  Bonnet  was  of  tiie  Order  of  St.  jdugufline,  and 
Prior  oi Salon  {a),  and  fo  little  known,  even  amongft  thofe  of  the 
French  Nation,  that  feveral  Biographers  have  committed  grofs 
Miftakes about  him ;  for  M. Du  Verdier  Fauprivas  calls  him  Bonnof 
inftead  of  Bonnet,  and  fays,  That  he  dedicate  his  Book  to  Charles  V. 
whereas  it  is  dedicated  to  Charles  VI.  But  the  Author  of  the  Abridge- 
ment oi' Gcfners  Bibliotheck  C^)  has  committed  a  mucft  grolfer 
Miftake  ;  for  he  has  metamorphofed  the  Title  of  the  Book  into  that 
of  an  Author,  and  makes  liis  Book  the  Author  of  another  Book, 
V/irbre  des  Battailes hys\\c,  wliich  is  the  Title  of  Dr. Bonnet's  Book, 
Scrip/it  de  Bella  d"  Duello.  Sawuel  des  Marets  obferves,  (c)  That 
David  Blondel,  amongft  the  Catalogue  of  thofe  Authors  that  have 
mentioned  tlic  Popefs  Joan,  he  has  omitted  this  Author,  who  was 
Prior  of  Chalon,  and  wiio  wrote  liis  Book  about  500  Years  a^o,  irid 
mentions  her  m  the  7t!i  Chapter  of  his  firft  Book,   and  which,  no 

A  doubt, 


_     _    _^ ^ — : —  ■  — ^^"^^^ 

(«)  \,U  M.  l).r»  IJ'U.  H.i.  kOU.  Ui  u  fig.  i»7o.    (0  P'»-  J14.    (0  u  J<>-»»  f^P^  K-Alau,  P.|.  it. 


The  Life  of  Sir  GILBEKT  HAY,  Vol.  III. 

doubt,  he  would  have  taken  Notice  of,  had  he  known  this  Author 
who  was  his  Country-man  ;  For  this  M.  des  Mnrtts  is  (cvcrcly  ccn- 
fured  hy  Philip  table  i\\c  J ejmte  (/J),   Firff,  For  ciiMinghirn  I'riorot 
Chalon  inftead  ofj'^/or.     2c%,  For  afcribing  only  joo  Ye.irs  to  the 
Ai^e  of  his  Book,  whereas  CW/fj  VI.  to  whom  it  is  ilcdicutcd,  chd 
resign  from  i^8S  to. the  Year  1412.     And  Laflly,  For  layini^,  That 
he  was  of  Chalons,    whereas  he  fhould   have  iaiil  that  he  was  ot 
Chalons  fur  Saon  :  His  Words  are,  Jn  Honoraio  Borieto  atUiore  libri 
'vernaculi  fjut  injcrihitHr  V  Arbre  des  Batailcs  mult  a  pec^at.    I.  /V;- 
orem  deChix]on'vocat,  cum  faerit  de  Six\on.     II.  Co?//^ofium  libriim 
dicit  ante  jinnos  5CX),  cuyn  taynen  Carol  us  VI.  cm  dtcatus  fiut  rig- 
navit  dttntaxat  al  Anno  13X8  ad  1411.     III.  Challonrf^'/c/z/Cata- 
launcnfem,  /Wfy?Chaalons,£-w/«  j^f//ir/rCahiolioncn(cnic/f/'/<///f/ :  ]ia 
cnim  difcriminantur  ilU   ci%)ttates,    hxc  Matrons  in  Camjjania  iHa 
Arari  in  Burgundia  tm^ofitaMtrao^uc  £pifcopalis.  I V.  yltcjne  hinc  lon^e 
ahfurdior    apparet   allufio   aliomin    Alpma   nive  frigidior,    fjiionfi 
illitis  teflimoniii?n  njtdij]et  Blonde/Jus  qui  Catalaunenlis  fuit  minus 
impend il]et  opcrx  in  fabida  ilia  expugnanda. 

M.  Da  Pin  makes  no  Mention  of  this  Autiior,  neither  in  his 
Ecclefiallical  Bibliothcc,  nor  in  his  Univerfal  Catalogue.  And  fince 
he  is  (b  little  known  in  the  Republic  of  Letters,  and  that  our 
Author  has  franllated  him,  I  (Kail  give  the  Reader  an  Account  ot 
this  Work,  which  is  in  my  Cuftody,  wrote  in  a  very  fair  Hand,  in  a 
large  Folio,  upon  Imperial  Paper. 

Our  Author  begins  his  Tranflation  with  this  Preamble,  Here 
begynnys  the  Buke  callit  the  Buke  of  Armys,  the  qhilk  was  compilit 
tea  notable  Man  Dotlour  in  Decries,  callit  Bonnet  Pr/o«rf  0/ Salon, 
the  qhilk  zuhen  it  was  maide,  callit  it  The  Flour  o/Batailes  or  the  Tree. 
Into  the  qhilk  Buke  there  pall  be  four  Parties  efteir,  as  the  Rubryks 
Oiazos.  The  frfl  fliall  be  of  the  Tribtdacion  of  the  Kirk  before  the 
Natiuitie  of  Chrifie  ;  The  fecond  Party  fal  be  of  the  Tribnlacions 
and  DeflriUiion  of  the  Four  principal  Realms  grettefl  of  the  Warld ; 
The  third  fal  be  of  Battallis  in  generale  ;  The  farde  of  Bat  talis  in 
fpecialitie. 

Then  our  Author  gives  the  Rubrick  or  Contents  of  the  firft 
Book  ;  after  which  foUov/  thefe  Words,  Here  folows  the  Prolong  of 
the  f aid  Buk,  in  Termis  as  the  forenamit  Do/iour  Bonnet  Prior  of 
SiXonmade  his  fir fl  Jntitulacion  and  Prohemin,  and  fyne  efter  fhall 
folow  the  principal  Parties  of  the  Buke  fornamyt,  tranflatit  be  me 
Gilbert  of  the  Haye  Knight,  Maficr  in  Artis,  and  Batchelere  in 
Vecreis,  Chamberlyn  umquhill  to  the  maifl  worthy  King  Charles 
of  France,  at  the  Requefi  of  an  hye  and  mighty  Prince  and  worthy 
Lord,  William  £rtr/  o/Orknay  rt;z^o/Catlvnes,  LWSynclere,  and 
Chancelour  of  Scotland,  in  his  Cafiell  of  Rollyne,  the  Zere  of  our 
Lord  a  Twujand  four  hundreth  fifty  and  Jex. 

The  firft  Book  contains  10  Chapters,    wherein  the  Author  gives 
the  Definition  of  War,  according  to  the  Dodtors  ot  the  Civil  and 

Canon 

(<l)  D«  Sciipt;  EccUr.  Tom.  I.  Pag.  III. 


Voll.  III.  Chdmberbin  fo   Charles  VI.  Km^  of  France. 


Canon  Law,  and  fhows  that  it  had  its  firft  Rife  in  Heaven  betwixt 
GO  J)  and  his  rebellious  Angels  j  then  he  treats  of  the  bypafl  Per- 
feciitions  of  the  Church  by  Way  of  Commentary  upon' 5.  fohfis 
VWion  of  tlic  five  Angels  in  the  Rerjclation,  and  fpeakin^  of  the 
fourth  Angel,  he  acknowledges.  That  there  xvas  a  Woman  that  was 
chofen  Pope,  and  that  Jhe  was  an  Englifh  Woman  :  And  after  Leon 
fays  our  Tranflator,  was  chofen  a  Woman  Pape,  not  vjtttand  that  [he 
was  a  Woman,  the  ahilk  was  of  England  l;orn. 

Tile  fecond  Book  contains  i8  Chapters,  wherein  he  treats  of 
the  Deftrud:ion  of  the  four  great  Empires  of  the  World  ;  The 
'Babylonian  begun  in  the  Eaft,  in  the  Time  of  Abraham  ;  The  Car- 
thaginian begun  in  the  Time  of  the  Judges  ;  Tiie  Macedonian 
begun  in  the  Time  of  the  Maccabees ;  and  that  of  the  Roman  be 
gun  in  the  Time  of  u4chan  King  of  Jitdda  :  But,  he  more  paricularly 
mfifts  upon  the  Roman  Empire,  and  fheWs  when  the  City  of  Rome 
was  firft  founded,  when  tliey  begun  their  Government  by  Kings, 
Senators,  Confuls  and  Emperors,  and  of  their  moft  memorable  or 
remarkable  Adions,  of  the  Adtions  of  Alexander  tiie  Great,  and 
the  Deftrudtion  of  the  Carthaginian  Empire ;  and  concludes 
witii  an  Account  of  the  firft  Rife  of  Government  or  Jurifdidlion 
amongft  Men,  and  who  were  the  firft  Governors  or  Judges. 

The  third  Book  contains  lO  Chapters,  wherein  he  treats  of  the 
Lawfulnefs  of  making  of  War ;  and  if  it  be  poftible  for  Mankind 
to  live  without  it;  how  Men  may  know  when  they  are  juftly  com- 
pell'd  to  make  War;  what  the  Marks  of  true  Valour,  and  Cowardice 
are  ;  what  Punidiment  is  due  to  thofe  that  leave  the  Army,  without 
asking  rermiftion  of  their  Commanders,  or  fight  the  Enemy, 
witliout  the  Orders  of  their  Commanders. 

The  fourth  Book  contains  155  Chapters,    wherein  he  treats  of 

the  lawful  Grounds  of  War,   efpecially  amongft  Cliriftians  againft 

^\^c,l'tirks,  and  all  Infidels;    wliether   the  Emperor   can  lawfully 

declare  War  againll   the  Pope  and  the  Church,  and  whetiier  tiie 

Pope  may  make  War  againft  iiim;  concerning  the  Duties  of  Knights, 

and  for  what  Reafons  they  ought  to  be  punifhed  ;   concerning  die 

Duties  of  Generals,    and  if,  when  they  are  taken  in  Battle,    they 

ought  to  lofe  their  Lives  or  not  ;  whether  Strength  or  force  be  a 

moral,  cardinal  or  natural  Virtue  ;  whether  Prifoners  that  are  taken 

in  War  belong  to  thofe  that  take  them,  or  to  the  Princes  to  wliom 

the  Armies  in  whicli  tiiey  are  taken  belongs  ;    whether   Vaflals 

fliould  fervc  in  the  Army  upon  their  own  or  tiieir  Prince's  Expences; 

if  a  Baron  be  obliged  to  ferve  his  King  but  only  in  his  owji  Wars ; 

whether  two  Barons  having  War  againft  one  another,  their  Men  are 

obliged  to  adlft  either  of  them  till  they  receive  Orders  from  their 

King  and  rcfpe(ffive  Lords  ;    wiicther  we  are  bound  to  defend  our 

Neighbours  widi  Arms  and  Men  when  invaded  by  otiiers,  and  what 

ilie  l'cr(bns  arc  that  are  obliced  to  defend  one  another,    and  par- 

f  icularly  jiow  the  Vaftal  is  obliged  to  defend  his  Lord,  the  Son  his 

iadier,  by  the  Law  of  Juftice;  whether  he  is  more  bound  to  defend 

A  z  his 


Tin  Life  o/j-zr  GILBERT  HAY,  Vol.  ill. 

his  Father  or  natural   Prince  ;    whctiier  a  Clergy-man   is  bound 
mod  to  adirt  his  Father  or  liis  Bifhop,  when  War  is  declared  betwixt 
them  ;  whether  Men  may  make  a  dcfenfive  War  for  their  temporal 
Goods  lawtully  concjuifh'd;  whether  Priefts  and  Clerks  may  delend 
their  Goods  by  Force  of  Arms  ;  wiicther  Arms  lent  and  lofl  in  the 
Field  of  Battle  ought  to  be  reftored  ;    whether  Arms  and  Horfes 
hiied  and  lofl  in  Battle  ought  to  be  rcftored  ;    whether  a  Knigiic 
being  robbed  in  his  King's  Service,  he  or  his  King  ought  to  purdie 
the  Robbers ;    whether  a  Man  that  goes  to  the  Wars  uncliarg'd 
ought  to  take  Wages  ;  whedier  a  Knight  ferving  a  King  uncliarg'd, 
may  lawfully  ask  Wages  of  him;  whether,  when  the  Knig  oi  Spain 
fends  Aflillance  to  the  King  of  France,    he  ought  to  ask  Wages  of 
him ;    whether  a  Man  that  goes  to  the  Wars  out  of  vain  Glory, 
ought  to  ask  Wages  by  the  Law  of  Arms ;  whether  a  Captain  that  is 
robbed  obcyiii"  his  Lord's  Commands,  his  Lord  ought  to  reflore 
him  his  Goods  or  not  ;    whether  a  Man  going  to  the  Wafs  for 
Covetoufnefs  and  Robbery,  ought  to  demand  Wages ;    whether  a 
Priefl  or  Clergy-man  may  lawfully  go  to  the  War  or  not,  concer- 
ning the  Time  that  Men  ought  to  be  paid  their  Wages  that  go  to 
the  Wars;    wiiether  a  Warriour  that  obtains  Leave  to  divert  and 
recieat  himfelt  tor  fome  Time,    fhould  receive  Wages  for  that 
Time  ;    whether  a  Knight  that  has  taken  Wages  of  a  King  for  a 
Year's  Service,  and  after  three  Months,  goes  to  the  Service  of  ano- 
ther Prince,    ought  to  receive  Wages  for  the  Time  that  he  has 
ferved ;   whether  a  Soldier  that  has  been  paid  by  a  Prince  for  a 
Year's  Service,  may  fubflitute  another  in  his  Place  ;  wiiether  a  Cap- 
tain may  fend  any  of  his  Men  away,  after  he  has  muftered  them  in 
the  Fields  before  his  Prince  ;    whether  a  Soldier  falling  fick  in  the 
Wars,  may  lawfully  ask  his  Wages  for  all  the   Time   that  he  has 
been  fick  ;    how  the  Goods  or  Spoil  that    is  gained  by   the  Army 
ought  to  be  parted   amongfl  the  Soldiers ;    whether  a  Man  fnay 
lawfully   keep  what  he  takes  from  a  Robber  that  was  defigned  to 
rob  him  on  the  High-way  ;  of  the  Lawfulnefs  of  the  War  that  is 
made  betwixt    two  Cities  that  hold  of  no  Sovereign;   whether  a 
Man  may  kill  a  Prifoner  that  delivers  himfelf  voluntarly;  whether 
by  the  Law  of  Arms,  a  Man  may  take  a  Ranfom  of  Gold  or  Money 
from  his  Prifoner;  whether  in  a  \^  sli  betwixt  England  and  FrancCy 
the  French  may  lawfully  feize  upon  the  Goods  of  the  EngliOj  Hu(- 
bandmen,  and  detain  their  Perfons  Prifoners ;  whether  one  King 
may  overcome  another  King  lawfully  by  Craft  and  Subtilty ;  whe- 
ther it    be  lawful  to  fight    upon  a  Holy-day  ;  whether,  when  one 
Man  wrongs  another,  he  may  lawfully  recover  his  own  by  War  or 
Force,  before  he  purfues   him  legally;  whether  a  Knight  that  dies 
in   Battle  in  his  Prince's  Service,  is  fure  of  his  Salvation  ;  whether 
the    Righteous   or   Sinners  are  the  moft    powerful  in  Battle ;  why 
there  are  fo  many  Wars  in  the  World ;  whether  one  that  is  taken 
Prifoner,  and  fworn  to  keep  Prifon,  may  lawfully  break  it,  and  make 
his  Efcape,  if  he  finds  Occafion ;  whether  one  tliat  is  taken  Prifoner 

and 


Vol.  III.  Chamberlain  to  Chatles  VL  King  »/"  France. 


and  put  in  a  clofe  dark  Room,  and  makes  hii  Efcape,  may  be  faid 
to  break  Prifon?  Whether  a  xMan  that's  promif'ed  fate  Condua:  f roni 
one  Place  to  another,    but  has  ncgledcd  to  capitulate  For  his  fafe 
Return^  may  be  lawfully  detained  Prifoner?    Whether  a  Man  that 
has  fafe  Condud  promifed  to  him  and  his  Attendants,  can  bring  a^ 
longft  with  him  a  greater  Man  than  he  himfelf  is  ?  If  a  Man  be  ta- 
ken Prifoner  upon  another's  fafe  Condu(5t,  whether  he  that  had  the 
fafe  Condu(5t  be  obliged  to  relieve  him  upon  his  own  Charges  ?  l£ 
a  Man  having  Liberty  to  go  out  of  Prifon,  bn  Condition  that  he 
fhould  return  upon  fuch  a  Day,    re-enters  again  into  the  Prifon, 
fails  in  the  Day,  how  he  fhould  be  puni/hed  I    Whether  it  be  law- 
ful for  one  Prince  to  retufe  another,  with  whom  he  is  at  Peace,  Paf^ 
rage  thorow  his  Country  ?     Whether  Churchmen  ihould  pay  Taxes» 
Tributes'  -and   Impofitions  to  Secular  Kirigs  and  Princes  ?    li  the 
Church  fhould  niake  War  againft  the  Jews  ?     If  a  Mart  may  de- 
fend his  Wite  by  Force  of  Arms  I    If  a  Brother  may  defend  his  Bro^ 
ther  by  Force  of  Arnjs  ?    When  a  Baron  is  a  Vaflal  to  two  Lords 
in  different  Countries,  that  have  both  of  them  War,  whom  of  theni 
he  ought  to  ferve  ?    When  a  Baron  is  a  VafTal  to  two  Lords  tli^t 
make  War  upon  one  another, .  whom  of  them  he  ought  to  obicy  I 
When  a  Man  is  a  Burgefs  in  two  Cities  that  make  War  againfl  one 
another,  which  of  them  he  ought  to  obey  ?    Whether  a  Man  that 
is  in  Bondage  or  in  Slavery,  be  obliged  to  go  to  the  Wars  with  his 
Lord  and  Mafter  ?    Whether,  a  Man  may  be  compelled  to  go  to  th6 
Wars?    If  one  Man  fairly  wounds  another,    and  he  wound  him  a- 
gain,  whether  he  ought  to  be  punifhed  for  the  fame  ?    If  a  Bond- 
man or  Slave  kills   another  by  his  Mafler's  Command,    whether 
he  ought  to  be  punifhed  for  the  fame  ?     Whether  a  bondman  or 
.Slave  may  defend  himfelf  againfl  his  Lord  and  Mafler  thatdcfigns 
to  kill  him  ?    Whether  a  Monk  may  defend  nimfclf  againfl  his  Ab- 
bot who  deHgns  to  kill  him  ?    Whether  the  Son  may  lawfully  defend 
himfelf  againft  the  Father  who  defigns  to  kill  him  ?     Wliethet  a 
Man  may  lawfully  defend  himfelf  againfl  his  Judge  ?    Whether  a 
Man  being  banifhed  the  Realm,  and  returning  again  without  Per- 
miffion,  wlien  People  fet  upon  him  to  take  him,  if  he  ought  to  de- 
fend himfelf  ?    Whether  a  Priefl  that  is  affaulted  carrying  the  Lord's 
feody  (or  the  Slcrament)  alongfl  with  him,   ought  to  lay  it  down 
and  defend  himfelf?     If  a  Man  that  is  innocent  ought  to  bie  pU- 
nifhed  by  way  of  Reprifal  for  the  Guilty  ?   And  how  I*rinces  ought 
to  behave  tliemfelves  in  the  Cafes  of  Reprifals  ?    How  Reprifals 
fliould  be  made  againfl  a  City  that  oWes  Allegiance  to  no  Sove- 
reign ?     If  all  Lords  or  Mailers  may  make  Reprifals  ?    How  arid  for 
what  Rcafon  it  may  be  faid,  that  the  Jting  of  BaHct  is  no  Ways  Tub- 
jeft  to  the  Emperor?     Whether  the  King  of  England  be  ih  any 
manner  of  way  (ubje<5l  to  the  Empire  ?     Whether  Reprifals  tan  be 
granted  to  a  Burgefs  that's  living  at  Tdi!'is^  ■  and  fobbed  iri  his  Re- 
turn to  Patisj  for  recovering  the  Money  Or  Goods  thai  he  hits  been 
deprived  of  in  anbchci  Prince's  Ooniinions  i    V^hothtt  ati  £ri^tiJH 


The  Life  of  Str  GIL^REKT  HK1,  Vol.  llT 

___^^_^___  H        Mil    ■iiw     inn  r    "  ■     '     - 

Student  at  the  Univerfity  of  PAns  may  be  detained  Prifoner  When  it 
War  is  declared  betwixt  the  two  Nations  i  Whether  a  Servant 
fhould  enjoy  the  Privileges  that  his  Maflcr  has  ?  Wheth<ir  an  £«^-> 
tifhman  coming  to  T<trts  to  vific  his  Son,  Studint  at  that  Univcrfity, 
in  Time  ot  War,  may  be  detain'd  Prifoner  ?  Whether  an  Efif^ltp^ 
man  coming  to  vide  his  Brother  at  the  Univerfity  may  be  detained 
Prifoner  ?  Whether  a  Student  may  be  imprifoncd  by  way  of  Repri* 
fal?  Whether  a  mad  Man  maybe  detained  and  ransomed  in  the 
Wars?  Whether  a  mad  Man  returning  to  his  Scnfes  may  be  de- 
tained Prifoner  ?  Whether  by  die  Law  ot  Arms,  an  old  Man  may 
be  detained  Prifdrier?  Whether  by  the  Law  of  Arms,  a  Child  may 
be  taken  and  detained  Prifoner  ?  Whether  by  the  Law  of  Arms, 
a  blind  Man  may  be  detained  Prifoner  i'  Whether  an  AmbaOador 
coming  to  Yifit  a  King,  may  lead  any  of  his  Enemies  thorow  his 
-Country  ?  Whdth^r  a  Bifliop  may  be  taken  and  detained  Prifoner  ? 
Wliether  Jlhy  Churchman  may  be  taken  by  way  of  Rcprifal  ?  whe- 
ther Pilgrims  may  be  made  Prifoners  by  the  Law  of  Arms  i  Wliac 
Things  in  Time  of  War  have  fafe  Condu(f^,  without  Liberty  asked 
at  the  Prince?  whether  in  Time  of  War  theAfs  and  the  Ox  is  free? 
Whether  the  husbandman's  Servant  enjoys,  by  tlic  Law  ot  Arms, 
the  fame  Privilege  with  himfelf?  Whether  in  Time  of  War  it  be 
lawful  to  build  Caftles  and  walled  Towns  ?  How  they  ought  to  be 
puniflicd  that  breaks  the  fafe  Condudt  or  Aifurance  of  a  Princ*? 
whether  a  great  Lord,  or  any  in  a  meaner  Dignity,  oiJght  to  truft  in 
X  fafe  Condurt?  Whether  a  Chriftian  King  may  lawfully  give  a 
fafeConduct  to  a  SitracinY.\n<^oi2ny  other  Infidel  Prince?  Whether 
if  two  Lords  make  Peace,  and  the  One  breaks  it,  theOthtfr  ought  ta( 
break  it  likewife  ?  Whether  it  be  better  fo  fight  farting,  or  before 
Meat  or  after  Meat  ?  Whether  Battle  ought  to  be  fet  before  La- 
dies? And  if  Queen  jfonat  of  Nciplt<:  had  Right,  in  her  War  a- 
gainft  Lezcis  King  ot  Sicilj. 

Then  he  proves  that  Duelling  is  againft  all  mariner  of  Laws  j 
yet  he  gives  leventcen  different  Ca(cs,  wherein  by  the  Laws  of  Lom- 
hardy  'tis  lawful.     Then  he  treats  of  tho(e  who  fight  for  their  Prin- 
ciples in  Duels,  and  how  far  that  is  lawful :    Then  ot  the  Form  and 
Oath  that  is  taken  by  thofe  chat  fight  in  Litis  or  Combats;  Whether 
a  Man  that  is  fupcrannuace  may  fubflicute  another  to  fight  for  him 
inBatdc?     If  any  of  the  Company  breaks  iiis  Sword,    if  another 
fhould  be  given  unto  him?      It  the  Lord  or  Judge  cannot  difcern 
on  the  firfl  Day  who  has  the  Advantage  in  the  Field ;   if  he  be  obli- 
ged to  return  on  the  fecond  Day,    and  enter  the  Litis  as  before, 
which  ot  the  Parties  ought  to  begin  the  Fight?     If  he  that  is  over- 
come ought  to  pay  the  other  the  Damages,   tho*  the  King  fhould 
pardon  diem  ?     If  a  Man  is  overcome  in  Duelling,   if  he  may  be 
afterwards  accufed  in  Law  ?    whether,  if  the  Company  pleafej,  they 
may  fight  in  plain  Field,  without  Barriers  ?     How  tncy  fhould  be 
punifhed  that  owns  thcic  Crime,  and  is  openly  overcome  ?    ^le- 

ther 


Vol.  III.  Ch/imherlam  to  Charles  VI.  Ktn^  0/ Fiance 


ther  u'hcn  one  Knight  chalengcs  another,  ht  may  be  allowed  to  to- 
pent  and  recall  his  Chalenge  ? 

Then  our  Author  treats  of  Arms  and  Banners,  in  general  and 
particularly,  and  proceeds  to  the  anfwcring  of  the  following  Que- 
ftions;  If  a  Man  at  his  own  tleafure  may  make  choice  of  anothcc 
Man's  Coat  ot  Arms  ?  If  a  GtrmAn  finds  a  Frtnchnmn  in  the  Field 
bearing  the  fame  Coat  ot  Arms  with  him,  if  he  ought  to  ippcal 
him  CO  a  Combat  ?  How  they  ougnt  to  be  punilhed  that  aflume 
the  Arms  of  Otliers  ? 

Then  he  treats  of  all  the  different  Colours  us'd  in  Herauldry, 
and  of  all  the  different  Rules  and  Conditions  that  are  to  be  obfcr- 
ved  in  fighting  of  Duels :  And  concludes  with  the  Duties  mcumbenc 
Upon  Emperors  Kings  and  Prince*;  which  he  ends  with  th'efe  Words^ 

Explicit  Liber  'BeHo'ntm,  fed  fotius  VohrUm., 
Vt  recitAt  Dodor  in  flttribtu'. 

Next  to  this  follows  oiir  Author's  Trinflation,   of  Dr.  Bonef^ 
Book  of  Chcvalry  or  Knight-hood,  which  contains  eieht  Chapters  J 
in  the  firft  Chapter  he  tfelis  us,   how  that  a  Baichelor,   Squire  of 
Honour,    travelling  to  the  Coronation  of  a  great  Prince,    with  an 
Intention  to  take  upon  him  the  Order  of  Knight-hood,  he  went  a- 
(Iray  iri  4  Wildcirners,  where  he  happened  to  light  upon  a  Hcrmi- 
tigc;    in  which  lived  in  old  and  venerable  Knight,    that  had  fol- 
iated the  World  for  the  Love  of  God;   and  how  this  old  Knighc 
taught  the  Squire  all  tlic  Points  of  Honour,  ind  all  that  belong- 
ed to  the  Duty  of  a  Knight;  ivhich  is  the  fubje<5l  Matter  of  all  the 
following  Chapters,    Wliere  in  the  fecond  Chapter,   he,  the  old 
Knight  Slows,  how  he  ought  to  receive  that  high  Order,  and  how 
he  ought  firft  to  be  inftruded  in  every  Thing  that  belongs  to  it. 
The  third  contains  all  the  Duties  of  a  Knight.  The  fourth  contains 
their  Form  of  Examination,  and  how  he  ought  to  be  examined  be- 
fore he  receives  the  Order.     The  fifth  contains  Dife(5lioni  for  hini 
at  th«i  receiving  of  the  Order,    and  the  Form  of  giving  it.     In  the 
fixtli  is  explained  the  Significatidn  of  the  Ayms  of  Knighf-hbod: 
in  the  7th  he  fhows  the  many  Advantiges  that  Knights  have  iboVtf 
othcii,  by  this  honourable  Order;    and  the  laft  fhd\*s  the  gfeac 
Refpea:  that  ought  to  be  »'hown  to  all  of  that  Order,  ending  \Vitli 
ihcle  Words, 

Explicit  I'ordre  Ji  ChtVAlrie> 

Aftet  this  follows  our  Authors  Tidnflation  of  Dr.  Boiiit's  Book  ti 
Government  of  Princes,  which  is  a  Tiaflation  of  JnfotUs  Poli- 
tiAii  and  contains  10  Chapters,  with  d  Prologue,  (he#ind  into  ho*# 
many  Languages  it  had  been  irartflated,  ind  how  It  ^as  fitft  hiiind  irl 
thk  Temple  of  the  Sun,  buUt  by  EfcUldpiiis>  then  follows  ^V/t^ 
lation  otKir)?,Altfcartdfr  the  Cttnti  Lcttet  t6  Arifimi  wtcf  hii 
^  B  2  to/i'- 


Tlje   Life  of  Sir  GILBERT  HAY,  Vol.  HI. 


tnd 


Conqueft  ot  Per/la^  with  ^njfotlts  Anfwer,  and  two  otlicr  Letters 
,Tch.""*  o^  Ki^^g  Alexander's  and  yirtfotler. 

As  tor  our  Author,  'tis  probable  that  he  died  towards  the  Latter 
End  of  the  14th  Century;  and  from  his  Performance  it  appears, 
that  he  was  well  feen,  in  the  Civil,  Canon  and  Military  Laws; 
and  had  he  not  been  a  Perfon  of  fingular  Merit  and  Worth,  he 
had  not  raifed  himfelf  to  the  Dignities  that  he  attain'd  10. 


D 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

R.  Bortefs  Book^  6^  Battles,  Knight-hood  and  Government 
of  Princes,  tranflated  into  Englifh^  in  the  Year  1456,  in 
M.  S>  f  olio>  ^cnes  me. 


The  Bifhop  of  Or\nay''s  Paper  concerning 
the  Saintclairs, 

FO  R  that  as  witntjtt  that  'venerMl  and  tnaifi  he  Chronogrofhor 
a^ariin,  Pene  tent  tar  and  Cape  lane  of  our  Lord  the  Pape,  a- 
mangft  uther  cur  is  and  foUcittidis  of  this  fowand  Warld ;  the  labilitie 
and  brevttie  of  tyrnms,  maners,  and  of  e^en  in  this  'vale  of  teris  be- 
and  confident,  it  appeirith  neidful  to  fett  furth  be  right  the  Geneole- 

feis  of  Progemtersy  Kings,  Princis,  and  of  uthers  preclare  Nobilsy 
e  the  quhiUks  this  W^irld  tranfitore  is  ruleit,  King  raigns  and  Prin- 
cis are  gydit ;  fpecialie  cjuhtlcks  are  believit  to  proced  may  ft  licklie  be 
Dedt4i^iQn  and  Knawlige  of  the  Veritte  of  the  Snccefsion  of  their  for- 
fathirs  :  Their  for,  to  the  Jliuflrie  and  mayfi  excellent  Lord  or  Prince., 
Supreame  King  of  Norway,  and  to  his  Succeffors,  Princes,  ChefitenSf 
Confuls,  and  to  all  hie  Perfonis  of  the  f aid  Realme  j  Thomas  be  the 
Grace  of  God,  and  of  the  Seit  jipoflolicky  Bifhop  of  Orknay  and  Zet' 
land,  (fc. 


THE 


Vol.  III. 9 

THE  ''C^' 

LIFEofMr.G£Oi?G£  WISHEART 

Martyr. 

Shall  uflier  in  the  Hiftory  of  the  Reformation  of  our 
Church  of  Scotland  wi:h  the  Life  of  this  celebrated 
Kcfornier  and  Martyr,  as  we  have  the  Particulars  of  it 
fet  down  by  Archbifhop  Spotfivood,  Mr.  ICno.x,  Mr.  Cal- 
derzvood  and  Mr.  Petrte  in  their  Churcii  Hiftories  of 
Scotland. 

This  Gentleman  was  a  Son  of  the  Laird  of  VittarOiu,    in   rlie  „g'J|"'''"*- 
Mearns,    he  was  born  in  tlie  Rei^n  of  King  James  the  Fifth,  and 
had  iiis  Education  at  t'ne  Univernty  of  <iAberdeen^  wlierc,  after  he  ^.^"J' """• 
had  finiflied  tiie  Courfe  of  iiis  Studies  in  the  Belles-Lettres  and  Phi- 
lofopliy,  he  was  fent  Abroad  by  his  Parents  for  his  further  Improve- 
ment ;  and  having  travel'd  tlirough  France  and  Germany,  he  came ^b*^^"^li, 
over  to  England  in  the  Year  15^3   [a)^    where  he  ftay'd  for  fomej^',",'',"^/,; 
Time  at  the  Univerfity  of  Cambridge,   and  return'd  to  his  Native  '"'•  "l'  ''•' 
Country  in  the  Year  1544.     During  his  Travels  Abroad,    he  em-'"""'  '" 
brac'd  the  Dodlrine  of  tlie  Reformed  Churches  ;  and  finding  upon  tf'«'«f'"'n««i 
his  Return  to  Scotland,  that  many  of  all  Ranks  of  People  were  of  '  '*'° 
the  fame  Mind,    he  openly   declared   himfelf  Proteftant  :     And 
coming  to  Dundee,  he  took  upon  iiini  to  inftrucfl  the  People  pub- 
lickly  in  the  Rules  and  Principles  of  the  Reformed  Religion.     Car- 
dinal Beaton  Archbifhop  of  Sr.    Andrews   being  inform'd  of  thiS) 
wrote  to  the  Magiftrates  of  Dundee  to  difcharge  Iiim  their  City: 
They  being  afraid  of  being  brought  to  Trouble   for  fheltring  of 
him,  one  Day  as  he  was  preaching  to  them,  after  Sermon,  F<obert 
Miln,  a  Man  of  great  Power  in  the  Town,    by  Order  of  the  Ma- 
giftrates,   told  him  in  the  Hearing  of  all  the  People,  that  they  de- 
filed him  to  withdraw  from  their  Town,  and  not  to  trouble  them  anych"g,  f,','"^ 
more  with  his  Sermons,  which  did  fomewhat  furprize  him,  confide- ^'^.'iJJli"'** 
ring  the  great  Intercft  diat  he  thought  he  had  in  the  Town  by  the 
vafl  Multitudes  of  People  that  came  daily  to  hear  him.    So  after 
a  little  Silence,    turning  himfelf  to  Mr.  Miln,  he  faid,    God  is  my 
Wttnefs,    I  mind  it  ever  your  Comfort,  and  not  your  Trouble,    which 
to  me  is  more  grievous  than  to  your  felves  ;    but  Jure  I  am,  to  rejeH 
the  Word  of  God,  and  drive  away  his  Mejftnger,  is  not  the  Way  to 
fave  you  from  Trouble.  When  I  am  gone,  God  zvtU  fend  you  Aleffen^ers 
tvho  will  not  be  afraid,    either  for  Burning  or  Banijhment  ;   I  havt 
loith  Hiiz,-ard  of  my  Life  remain  d  amon^Jl  you,  preaching  the  Word 
of  Salvation,    and  novj  flnce  yov' your  f elves  refuje  me,   I  mujl  leave 
Innocence  to  be  declard  by  God  :  If  it  be  long  well  with  you,    I  am 

C  *iOt 


(«)  VJl  UJIU,  Lib.  I*  P.|.  4«o.    ^'1.  Lik.  ».  Pifi-  ii>    timfit,  bb.  ij.  J".  5?8« 


10      The  Life  of  Mr.  C  \i  O  R  ( i  I:  W I S  f  Ii:  A  R  T  ^^arty.     Vol    1  ( :. 

fxy'V^  ijQC  led  luith  the  Spirit  of   Truths     and  if  TrottUe  HriexpeHrd  fall 
v^-*^  upon  )Oii,  remember^  this  is  the  Cattfe,  and  turn  to  God  ly  Repent,  n  <r, 
for  iJe  is  Mcniful.     The   Huil  of  AUrijchal,    vvlio   was  one  ol    liis 
j-learcis  that  Day,  ofFei'd  him  his  Protcdtioii  if  he  would  j.'o  alon;; 
with  liini  ;    but  he  inaile  Clioice   rather  ot  ^oi'ig  to  the  weftirfi 
Parts  of  Scotland,    becaufe  he  knew  there  were  a  threat  many  that 
lavour'd  the  Reformation  in  thefe  Tarts  :     He  had  not  been  lonji; 
there,    Aihen  the  Archbifhop   of  Glafgow,    beini^  inform'cl  of  the 
great  Multitudes  of  People  that  came  from  all  tiie  atljaccnt  Coun- 
tries to  hear  his  Sermons,   he  refolv'd   in  I'erfon  to   go  into  the 
Places  he  fVccjuenred,  and  to  inltrutft  the  People  of  the  Dan^jcr  he 
conceived   they    were    under  of  being   deluded  by  him,    ancK  no 
doubt  to   apprehend  him,    if  poilibly  he  could.     And  upon  ,this 
Delign  the  Archbilhop  made  a  Journey  to  the  Town  of  Air:  Rue 
{hTv^T^i  Alexander  EarJ  of  Glencairn,  a  Noblenran,  who  became  altcrwartis 
*""*'"'""■  one  of  the  main  Supporters  of  the  Reformation,  and  a  Perlbn  of 
great  Zeal,  Refolution  and  Expedition  in   whatever  he  projected, 
came  with  a  Body  of  arm'd  Men  to  the  City  of  aAtr  before  him, 
to  proteiil:  My-M'/Jheart,  and  he  olVer'd  by  Force  to  place  him  in  the 
Church  where  the  Riihop  dedgn'd  to  preach  upon  Sunday  :     Mr. 
Wijheart  made  rather  Choice  to  preach  at  the  Market  Crofs,  faying, 
Thatthe  Bijhops  Sertnonwould  not  do  much  Hurt :  Tiie  next  Sunday 
M\-lVi /heart  being  defired  to  preach  at  the  Church  of  Machlinc,  he 
went  tliither,  but  in  the  Night-time  the  Sheriff  of  Air  had  put  in 
aC.arrifon  of  Soldiers  in  the  Church  to  oppofe  him;    upon  which 
H/igh  Campbell  of  KtngZjeaclngh,  and  others   of   the  ParifK  who 
favour'd  the  Reformation,  propos'd  to  enter  by  Force  ;    but  fore- 
feeing  the  doubtful  Event,  he  would  not  permit  them,  telling  them, 
Jt  is  the  Word  of  Peace  that  J  preach  unto  you,  the  Blood  of  no  Man 
JI}all  be  Jhed  for  it  this  Day.    Chrifl  is  as  mighty  in  the  Fields  as  in 
the  Church,  and  he  himfelf  when   he  livd    tn    the  Flef>,    preach'd 
oftner  in  the  Dcfart,  and  on  the  Sea  Side,  than  in  the  Tc?/jpie  of  Je- 
rufalcm.     So  walking  alone  on  the  Edge  of  the  Muir  on  the  South 
Side  of  M.ichline,  he  preach'd  to  the  Multitude  that  flock'd  about 
him,    above  three  Hours :    and  all   the  Time  he  abode   in  thefe 
Parts,  he  taught  them  with  good  Succefs. 

After  he  had  flay'd  in  the  VVefl:  for  a  Month,  he  receiv'd  the 
News  of  the  Plague's  being  at  Dundee,  whereupon  he  refolv'd  to 
return  to  them,  which  he  accordingly  did  ;  and  the  next  Day  after 
his  Arrival,  he  gave  Notice  to  the  Inhabitants  that  he  would  preach 
to  them,  the  Sicknefs  which  had  cut  off  a  great  many  People  flill 
racing  in  the  Town,  he  made  Choice  to  preach  to  them  upon  the 
Headof  the  Eajl  Gate,  the  infedted  Perfons  {landing  without,  ajid 
thofe  that  were  free  within  :  He  made  Choice  for  his  Text  the 
20th  Verfe  of  Pfalm  lOy,  He  fen t  his  Word  and  healed  them,  and 
delivered  the?n  from  their  DeJlrucJion.  In  which  Sermon,  he  fo  com- 
forted them,  that  they  intreated  him  to  flay  for  fome  Time  amongfl 
them,  which  he  willingly  agreed  to ;  and  one  Day  as  he  came  down 

from 


He  feturni 
<o  Dutdtt. 


Vol.  1 1 1.     The  Life  of  Afr.GLOKQL  WIS  H  \i  A  R  T  c^artyr.        1 1 

lioin  I.  c  Er>y  Gate,    whicli  was  his  Pulpit  at  that  Time,    one  Sir  ^(^j'»'j^_ 
John  Wcighton  a  Pricft,  bein^  apprehended  with  a  Weapon  in  his  v^-»s/«vj" 
Hand,  wirh  a  l^eHgn  fas  was  luppos'dj  to  kill  him,  a  great  Tumult 
arolc,    and  thole  witiiout   the  Gate  rufhing  in,    cry'd  to  have  tlie dr.v'u,. "' 
Murderer  delivered  to  them  ;  but  Mr.  Wip^eart  taking  the  Pricft  in  k  pidTilied*. 
jus  Arms,    faid,    He  hath  done  no  Harm,    only  he   hath  J]:oiun  us 
ivhat  ice  are  to  fear  in  Ttme  cowing,    and  fo  prcfcrved  him  from 
the  Violence  ot  the  Mob,  who  had  otherwife  torn  him  to  Pieces. 

The  Plague  having  ceafed  at  Dundee,    and  he  having  made  an 
Appointment  with  the  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  in  the  Weft  who 
favour'd  the  Reformation,  to  meet  them  at  Edinburgh,  he  took  his 
Leave  of  the  Inhabitants  of  Dundee  and  went  to  Montroje,  where 
he  rcceiv'd  a  Letter  from  the  Laird  of  Ktneer  in  Fife,    intreating 
Inm  to  come  and  vifit  him  in  an  heavy  Sicknefs  which  he  was  then 
lyint^  under  j  he  prefently  took  Journey,   and  being  accompanied 
by  lome  of  tiie  Citizens  of  Montroje,    who  would  needs  go  with 
him  a  Part  of  tlie  Way  :  He  was  not  a  Qiiarter  of  a  Mile  from  the 
Town,    when  all  of  a  fudden  he  ftopt,    favini;  to  tlie  Company, 
Tm  forbidden  of  God  to  go  this  Journey,  zvill  fome  of  you  be  pleased 
to  ride  to  yonder  Place  (pointing  with  his  Finf;er  to  a  little  Hill,)u.dto"in«r. 
and  fee  what  you'!/  find,  for  I  apprehend  there  is  a  Plot  againjl  wj  "J/iif  !^ti- 
Life:  So  turning  back  to  the  Town,  they  who  went  forward  to  the^,r^',"p",J 
Place,  found  about  Threefcore  Horfemen  to  intercept  them,  which 
they  having  infornVd  him  of,  he  faid,    /  know  J  f:all  end  my  Life 
in  tbe  Hands  of  that  Man  (meaning  the  Cardinal)  but  it  zvill  not 
be  after  this  Manner.     Two  or  three  Days  after  this  he  took  Jour- 
ney to  Edinburgh,    notwithftanding  that  the  Laird  of  Dun  did  a\\ e"„'SJ,'^'* 
he  could  to  dilfwade  him  from  it  ;    The  firft  Night  he  lodg'd  at,^^;,^,^"'"* 
Jnvergouric,  two  Miles  from  Dundee,  where  he  ftay'd  all  Night  at 
one  James  Watfons,    and  rifing  out  of  his  Bed  in  the  Night-time, 
went  to  the  Garden,  where  he  continued  for  feme  Hours  in  Prayer, 
and  upon  his  Return  told  one  John  Watfon  and  WiUiam  Spalding, 
who  were  lodged  ia  the  fame  Chamber  with  him,  that  his  Courfe 
of  Life  would  be  quickly  at  an  End,    but  tiiat  the  Reformation 
fhould  be  carried  on  with  fuch  Succefs,  that  the  Light  of  Chrift's 
Gofpel  fhould  fliine  in  Scotland  with  as  great  Puritv  as  ever  it  was  in 
fince  the  Days  of  the  Apoftles.     The  next  Day  lie  went  to  Perth^ 
from  thence  to  Leith,  where  he.conceal'd  himfelf  for  fomeDays* 
He  was  very  much  affli(fted  that  the  Lords  and  Gentlemen  had  not 
kept  their  Appointment  with  him  ;    and    upon    the  Sunday,   he 
preach'd  to  tliofe  who  favour'd  the  Reformation  at  Leith,  upon- 
the  Parable  of  the  Sower,  in  the  Uth  Chapter  of  St.  Matthezu's 
Gofpel  :  After  Sermon  he  was  advi(cd  by  his  Hearers  to  leave  the 
Town,     in  cafe  that  a  Search  fhould  be  made  for  apprehending 
liini;  he  follows  their  Advice,  fometimes  ftaying  at  Brunflon,  and 
otlicr  times  at  Langneddrie  and  Ormijlort,    but  every  Sunday  he 
preached  openly  in  (bme  Cliurch  or  other ;  his  lafl  Sermon  was  at 
Haddingioun,    where  he  received  a  little  before  Sermon  a  Letter 

C  Z  iiom 


1 1       The  Ltfe  of  Air.  Ci  l-  C)  R  C;  E  W 1  S  H  £  A  K  T  Martyr.      V(,I.  11  f. 

-p*^^*^  from  die  Noblemen  aiu!  Ccnrlcmen  in  the  Weft,  telliiif;;  liim,  that 
ur\i^  ihcy  could  not    keep  tlie  Diet   appointed   at   Ediriiurghy    which 
gnev'd  liim   very  much  ;    and  calling  Mr.  Knox  to  him,  who  was 
then  attending  him,  he  (aid,  J  atn  ivenry  of  the  World,  fince  J  per- 
cei've  Men  to  weary  of  Cod  ;    yet  he  wcni  to  the  I'ulpit  and  told 
them,    T'hiit  Strari^^ers  Jkould  pojfefs  their  Hotifes,    and  chafe  them 
from    their   Habitatwns  :     Me  likewile  told   them   ot  his  own  ap- 
proaching Heath  ;  and  taking  his  Leave  of  them,  he  went  to  the 
o"7wV°  Laird  of  Orw/'/Zt/w's  Mou(e,  accompanied  by  fevcrals,  and  amongft 
ke"i[''"ppi;"the  red  was  John  Knox  ;  but  he  would  not  fuffer  him  to  go  along 
henj.d.      ^^,jj.|^  i^ji^^^  faying.  One  is  enough  at  this  Time  for  a  Sacrifice. 

That  Night  after  Supper  he  entertain'd  them  with  a  long  Dif- 
courfe  of  the  Happinels  of  God's  Chilchcn  ;  and  having  caufed 
fing  the  51  rfldm,  he  went  to  Bed  :  About  Midnight  the  Houfe 
was  befet  with  arm'd  Men,  whom  the  Governor  of  tlie  Realm,  the 
Karl  of  Arran  had  fent  to  apprehend  him.  Ormijlon  refufing  to 
deliver  him,  tlie  Larl  of  Bothwell,  then  SheriflP  of  that  County, 
required  that  he  might  be  deliver'd  unto  him  ;  and  that  if  he  did 
fo,  it  ihould  be  neither  in  the  Cardinal  or  Governor's  Power  to 
do  him  any  Harm.  Orwifton  having  told  this  to  Mr.  Wifheart.,  he 
dcfired  him  to  open  tne  Gate,  iaying,  The  blejjed  Will  of  God  he 
done  :  So  the  Earl  coming  m,  Air.  Wifheart  faid  to  him,  eJ^ 
"Lord,  1  praife  God  that  fo  Honourable  a  Man  as  yon  are  does  recei've 
me  this  Ni/ht  in  the  Pre  fence  of  theje  Noblemen  ;  I  am  afjurd  your 
Honour  zvitl  not  permit  any  Thing  to  be  done  unto  me  againft  the 
Order  of  the  Law.  I  am  not  tfnorant  that  all  the  Law  ivhich  they 
icho  Jeek  my  Life,  ufe,  is  nothing  but  a  Corruption,  and  a  Cloak  to 
fhed  the  Blood  of  God's  Saints,  yet  I  lefs  fear  to  die  openly,  than  to 
be  murdered  in fccret.  Tiie  l-ail  ani.'ered,  J fhall  not  only  preferve. 
your  Body  from  Violence,  if  any  be  intended  again f  you,  but  J  will 
tromife  you  upon  my  Honour,  in  ]  rcfen'e  of  theje  Gentlemen,  that 
neither  the  Go^uernor  fjall  be  able  to  ',  jrm  you,  and  that  I  fhall 
keep  you  in  my  Power,  till  either  I  n.ake  you  free.,  or  bring  you  back 
to  the  Place  zvhere  I  now  receive  )0!4. 

The  Earl  carried   Mr,  Wfheart  to  Elphinfon,    where  the  Cardi- 
nal was  expecling  the  Event  ;  and  having  inform'd  him  of  all  that 
pall,  and  that  the  Lairds  of  Calder,  Brunjlon  and  Ormi/hnwcrc 
with  Mr.  Wf^eart  when  apprehended  j    a  Party  was   immediately 
difpatcli'd   tor   apprehending   of  them  likewife,    and  Calder  and 
Ormifon    were   apprehended,    and   committed    Prifoners  to  the 
Heiieooi-Caftle  of  Edinburgh.     But  Brunflon  made  his  Efcape,'  and  as  for 
Sh'.hcour  Author,  he   was   firft  taken  to  the  Caftle  of  Edinburgh,    and 
fUrLtJ.    after  that   brought  to    the  Houfe  of  Hales,    where   tlie   Earl   of 
BothweU\Wd,  and  it  was  a  good  long  Time  before  die  Earl  could 
be   prevail'd  with   to  deliver  him  up,    but   at  length  he  yielded, 
.h.'^ncc  r^r  and  Mr.  Wijheart  was  remitted  to  the  Caftle  of  Edinburgh,    and 
l:!2"ul  Shortly  after  Prifoncr,  to  St.  Andrews, 

Mr. 


Vol.  in.     T/;?  Life  of  Mr.  G1E.OKGE  W I  S H E  A R T  Martjr.        l  J 

Mr.  Wtlhcart  was   no   fooncr  come  to   St.   j4ndrcivs,    but  tlieJJ^*^^ 
Cardinal  wrote  to  the  Prelates  to  meet  upon  the  17th  of  Fcbm-  ^■'V^ 
(tr)  1 542.>  in  order  to  try  him  for  Hercfie.    Wlien  the  Archbifhop 
of  Glajgoiu  came,  he  advifed  the  Cardinal  to  fix-lc  a  CommilTion 
Tiom  the  Governor  to  fome  Perfon  of  Qiiality  that  might  execute 
Tuftice,    and  free  the  Clergy  from  the  Imputation  of  his  Death  : 
The  Cardinal  was  pleas'd  with  the  Advice,    and  no  ways  doubted 
but  the  Governor  would   grant  his  Dcfire  ;    but  by  the  Advice  o£ 
T)a'vid  Hitmtlton  of  Prefiotiu,  he  not  only  refufed  to  grant  a  Com- 
niidion,    but   wrote  to  him,    that  he  would  not   confent  to  Mr. 
IVifhe^irt's  Death,  unlefs  by  due  E.xamination  he  were  found  guilty 
and  de(ervin(T  of  it;    and  if  he  proceeded  againfl  him,    and  did 
take  his  Life,  he  would  make  a  Proteftation,  and  require  his  Blood 
at  his  Hands.     Tiiis  Anfwer  having  incens'd  the  Cardinal,  he  wrotd 
to  tiie  Governor,    that  he  needed  not  his  Authority  for  trying  of 
Hereticks,    but  only  that  Juftice  might  be  done  againfl  him,  with 
the  Confent  of  the  Laicks,  as  well  as  die  Clergy;  which,  fince  hci 
could  not  obtain,    he  would  proceed  as  he  thought  fit :    And  im- 
mediately he  ilTued  out  an  Order  for  citing  Mr.  Wtf^edrt  the  next 
Day  before  him.     Mr.  WtJIieart  having  got  the   Summons,    faid. 
The  Cardinal  needed  not  fummon  me,  for  I  am  in  his  Hands,    and 
kept  fal}  in  Irons,  fo  that  he  may  compel  me  to  anfwer  when  hi 
pleafes  ;  but  to  flow  zvhat  Men  you  are,  'tis  well  done  to  keep  your 
forms  and  Conjlitutions. 

The  next  Day  the  Cardinal  and  Bifhops  bein^  met  in  the  Abbay 
Church,  MuWtfleart  the  Prifoner  was  prefented  by  the  Captain  of 
the  CaiUe  ;  and  then  the  Sub-Prior  Mr.  John  Windram  preached   „^,,.,.^ 
a  Sermon  upon  the  Lawfulnefs  of  punifliing  of  Hereticks,    and  offor^H.^-^»,^ 
putting  them  to  Death  :     After  Sermon  Mr.  Wiflnart  being  plac'd  «,^af  hi! 
m  a  Seat  over  againll  John  Lauder  a  Prieft,  who  had  a  long  Scroll 
of  a  Paper  in  his  Hand,  containing  the  Articles  laid  to  his  Charge, 
which  beuifT  read,   he  was  defired  to  anfwer  them  Article  by  Ar- 
ticle :  But  'before  he  would  give  any  Anfwer,  he  bowed  his  Knees 
and  made  his  Prayers  to  God ;   then  he  gave  them  an  Account  of 
the  Dodrines  which  he  had  taught  fince  he  came  to  Scotland^ 
whicii  he  faid,  were  nothing  but  what  was  contain'd  in   the  Ten 
Commands,    the  Twelve  Articles  of  the  Creed,    and  the  Lord's 
Prayer ;  and  that  at  Dundee  he  had  preach'd  upon  a  Part  of  the 
Epiftle  to  the  Romans.     As  he  was  proceeding,  he  was  ftopt  here 
by  his  Accufers,  who  asked  him,   How  he  came  to  ufur^  the  Power" 
of  Preaching  at  his  own  Hand,  without  any  lawful  Calling  from 
the  Church,    and  was  defired  to  give  a  pojiti've  Anfwer  to  this  1 
Upon  wiiich  he  apneal'd  to  an  indifferent  Judge.     Lauder  taking 
him  fliarply  to  Task  for  this,  and  for  declining  the  Cardinal's  Au- 
thority ;    but  he  told  them.    That  he  did  not  condemn  my  Lord, 
Cardinal,    hut  defrd  that  the  Word  of  God  might  he  his  J^dge, 
and  fome  of  the  Temporal  Eflate,  lutthfome  of  thetr  Lord  flips  then 
prefent,  hecaufe  he  was  my  Lord  Governor's  Prifoner.    But  this  be- 


14      The  Life  o/M-.  GEORGE  W I S  H  E  A  R  T  e;^^r/)r.     Vol.  III. 

^^^•''^  jng  dcny'd  him,  the  Articles  that  were  laid  to  his  Charge  wer« 
v^N'"v  read  again  :  To  whicli  lie  returned  the  following  Anfwcrs,  as  v/e 
liave  them  in  Fox\  Martyrology,  and  Mr.  Knox\  Hiftory,  by  which 
the  Reader  will  compreliend  all  that  was  laid  to  his  Charge.  h% 
to  the  Firft,  concerning  his  Contempt  of  die  Church's  CcnUirc,  he 
fa  id,  It  luas  better  to  ohc)  God  than  Man,  and  that  their  Curings  or 
Excommunications  ivoitld  he  turned  into  Blejjings,  according  to  that 
of  the  Prophet  Malachi,  I  Jl)all  curfe  your  Blejjtngs,  and  llejs  your 
Cur/ingSy  faith  the  Lord.  As  to  the  Second,  ot  his  Contc-mpt  of 
Churcli  Ceremonies,  he  faid,  The  outward  Service  of  the  Body, 
zoithout  the  inward  Service  of  the  Heart,  was  not  a  true  ferving  of 
Cod.  As  to  the  Third,  concerning  the  Number  of  the  Sacraments, 
he  faid,  TTjat  he  never  condefcended  upon  the  Number  of  the  S.^cra- 
ments,  hut  only  owndfuch  as  zvere  mflituted  by  Chrifl  in  the  Gof- 
pel.  As  to  the  Fourth,  concerning  auricular  Confeliion,  he  ac- 
knowledged, That  auricular  Confejfon  had  no  Ground  in  the  Word 
of  God,  and  confequently  could  be  no  Sacrament,  but  confejjing  our 
Sins  to  God  was  a  Duty  upon  all  Men.  As  to  the  Fifth,  concerning 
the  Piomifes  given  in  Baptifm,  he  acknowledged.  That  it  was 
necelJary  to  under /land  what  we  promisd  in  the  Name  of  the  Child 
to  God  in  Baptifm.  To  the  Sixth,  concerning  the  Sacrament  of 
the  Altar,  he  faid.  That  he  never  faid  any  Thing  concerning  the 
Sacrament  of  the  Altar,  but  zvhat  was  conform  to  the  Scriptures  ; 
and  zvhat  zvas  laid  to  his  Charge,  zvas  the  Exprejjion  of  a  Jew,  zvith 
zvhom  he  had  a  Conference  as  tfjey  zvere  failing  upon  the  Rhine,  and 
zvho  upbraided  the  Chriftians /or  zvorfhipping  as  their  God  a  Piece 
of  Bread  that  zvas  bak'd  upon  the  Afhes.  As  to  the  Seventh,  con- 
cerning extreme  Uncflion,  he  faid.  That  he  never  either  oivrid  or 
difozvrid  in  his  Preaching,  zvhether  Extreme  VnSfion  zvas  a  Sacra- 
went  or  not.  As  to  the  Eighth,  concerning  Holy  Water,  he  ac- 
knowledged, That  he  never  taught  any  Thing  concerning  Holy 
Water,  but  that  Exorcifm  and  Conjurings  zvere  not  conform  to  the 
Word  of  God.  As  to  the  Ninth,  concerning  Holy  Orders,  he  ac- 
knowledged. That  as  to  the  Prieflhood^  he  had  taught  according  to 
St.  John,  God  has  made  us  Kings  and  Priefls,  and  according  to  Sty 
Peter,  He  hath  made  us  the  Kingly  Priefthood  :  So  that  all  zvho 
tmderjland,  and  are  perfe^  in  the  Word  of  God,  and  the  true  Faith 
of  Jefus  Chrifl,  has  his  Power  from  God  by  his  Word,  zvhich  accor- 
ding to  St.  Paul  is  called  the  Power  of  God,  and  not  from  Men : 
That  they  who  are  ignorant  have  no  Pozver  to  bind  or  loofe,  feeing 
they  zoant  the  Infrument  by  zvhich  he  bindeth  and  loofeth,  that  is  to 
fay,  the  Word  of  God.  To  the  Tenth,  concerning  Free-Will,  he 
acknowledged.  That  thofe  zvho  firmly  believe  in  Chrifl,  h^d  a  Free- 
zvili,  according  to  that  of  St.  John,  If  the  Son  make  you  free,  then 
fliall  you  verily  be  free  ;  but  thofe  that  believe  not  in  Chrifi  have  no 
Iree-will,  for  he  that  finneth  is  bound  to  Sin.  To  the  Eleventh, 
concerning  Abftinence,  he  acknowledged,  Tijat  as  to  the  abfiaining 
from  Flefh  upon  Friday,  he  had  taught^  that  nothing  defkth  the  Man 

thai; 


Vol.  III.     The  L//f  o/'  M-.  G  E  O  R  G  E  W I S  H  E  A  R  T  ^^iarty.        1 5 

that  ts  pure  and  holy,    according  to  that  of  St.  Paul,    That  he  who  ^J^^, 
is  clean,  to  him  all  Things  are  clean,  but  to  the  unclean  all  Things  ^•''v^ 
arc  unclean.     To  the  Twelfth,    concerning  praying  to  Saints,    fie 
acknowlcdG,ed,  T^hat  he  difownd  praying  to  Saints,   and  taught  his 
Hearers  only  to  pray  to  God,  according  to  that  of  the  firji  Command^ 
Tiiou  fhalt  honour  and  woifhip  the  Lord  thy  God  with  all  thy 
Heart.     As  to  the  Thirteenth,    concerning  Purgatory,   he  acknow- 
ledged, Hjat  he  could  find  no  Grounds  for  a  Furgatory  in  all  the 
Scriptures.     As  to  the  Fourteench,  concerning  tlie  Vow  of  Chaflity, 
he  acknowledged.    That  there  zvere  three  Sorts  of  chafl  Men  that 
are  hlejjcd  by  the  Scripture  of  God,    thofe  who  vje*-e  gelded  from  the 
Womb,  thofe  zuho  have  gelded  themfelvesfor  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven^ 
end  thofe  zvho  are  gelded  by  Men ;   but  that  the  Voivs  of  Chaflity 
taken  by  Priefls,  zvho  have  not  the  Gift  of  Chaflity,  expofes  them  to 
many   Inconveniencies.     As  to  the  Fifteenth,    concerning    General 
Councils,  he  acknowledged  he  was  ignorant  of  them,  but  that  the 
Word  of  God  was  the  Standard  of  his  Faith.     To  the  Sixteenth, 
concerning  tlie  difowning  of  Churches,    he  abfolutely  deny'd  it. 
As  to  the  Seventeenth,  concerning  Fafting,  he  faid,    That  he  was 


He 
g  him  with 

aflerting,  that  tlie  Soul  was  not  immortal,  but  flept  with  the  Body 
till  the  Day  of  Judgment. 

After  this,    Sentence  was  pronounced  againft  him,    and  he  was 

condemn'd  to  be  burnt  alive  as  an  Hcictick,  then  he  was  fent  back   Hci.coru 

totheCaftle,    and  lodg'd  in  the  Captain's  Chamber  that  Night,  b'„:.l"''X? 

the  greatefl  Part  whereof  he  fpent  in  Prayer.    Next  Morning  earlv, 

two  Friars  were  fent  to  him,  to  advertife  him  to  prepare  for  Death, 

vhich  after  they  had  done,  they  ask'd  him,    if  he   would   confefs 

himfelf :  He  told  them,  that  he  had  nothing  to  do  with  them,  but 

that  he  would  be  glad  to  fpcak  to  the  learn'd  Man  who  preach'd 

the  Day  before  :     Upon  this  the  Sub-prior  was  fent  to  him,  and 

having  conferr'd  with  him  a  good  Time,    he  ask'd  Mr.  M/lfjeart  if 

lie  would  receive  the  Sacrament.     To'  which  he  anfwered,   mod 

willingly,  if  I  may  have  it  adminiflrated  according  to  Chrift's  In- 

llitution  in  both  kinds.     Upon  this  the  Sub-Prior  went  to  the  Cler- 

Cy,  and  told  them  that  he  had  conferr'd  with  the  Prifoner,    who 

had  folemnly  affirm'd  to  him  that  he  was  free  from  all  the  Crimes 

that  were  laid  to  his  Charge,   and  that  he  had  not  done  this  out 

of  any  Dcfirc  of  obtaining  his  Life,  but  to  vindicate  his  Innocence. 

This  fo  incens'd  the  Cardinal  and  Clergy,    who  had  condemned 

hini,   tliat  they  told  him,   he  iiad  favour'd  too  much  that  Way 

Ihmfelf.     Tiien  liie  Sub-Prior  asked  them,   if  they  would  permit 

him  to  cive  the  Sacranient  to  the  Prifoner.    After  they  conferr'd 

among  themfclves  about  tliis,  it  was  agreed  that  he  fliould  not  have 

tlic  Benefit  of  tlie  Sacrament,  it  not  being  reafonable  that  an  obfti- 

natc  Hcietitk  condemn'd  by  the  Cliurch  fliould  have  any  fpiritual 

Bcnc/It.  D  I  When 


J 6         The  Life  0/  M-.  C  L  O  K  C  E  W I S  H  E  A  R  T  Marty.     Vol,  \\l 

■  —  ■■    -■         . — — — ^ J — . 

rs-A.^        When  Mr.  Wi/f^c^yt  licarcl  tliey  had  clcny'cl   him  tlie  benefit  ot 
t^^>^    jl^e  Sacianiciu,  he  refolv'd  to  rake  it  of  himfclf  :    So  the  (./aptain 
j,™"ctopoin<;  to  Breakfait,  and  asking  Mr.  Wijheart  \i   lie  would  take  Part 
'""'^'"^'      v'ith'^hnn,     he   anfwered,    verv   wiHingly,   becaufe,    he   perceiv'd 
that  he  was  a  good  Man,    and  one  that  feared  God  :    Tlie  Tahle 
bcinii  covered,    and  the  Bread  brought,    he  rcquir'd  their  Attenti- 
on   and   fpokc  upon  the  Inllitution  ot  the   Sacrament  above  halt 
an  Hour ;  then  he  blefled  the  Bread,  broke  it,  and  diftributc  it  to 
tlicm  ;  likcwiCe  having  blefled  the  Wine,  he  delivered  the  Cup  to 
them    cxhortin"  them  to  remember  with  Thanktulnefs  the  Death 
of  our  Lord  Jefus  Chrift  in  this  his  Communion  with  them ;  and 
and  fo  concluding  with  a  Thankfgiving,  he  withdrew  to  his  Cham- 
ber, deririn<T  them  to  remember  him  in  their  Prayers. 

Not  lon'^after  this,  two  Executioners  came  to  him,  one  of  whom 
apparel'd  him  in  a  black  Sure  of  Linen,    the  other  faftned  fomc 
Ba^s  of  Powder  to  all  the  Parts  of  his  Body  ;    then  they  brought 
him  to  an  outer  Room,    where  he  was  commanded  to  ftay  till  all 
Things  were  in  Readincfs ;  and  when  all  was  prepar'd,  he  was  led 
forth^with  his  Hands  tied  beh.ind  his  Back,    witli  a  Guard  of  Sol- 
diers to  die  Place  of  Execution,  where  a  Scaffold  was  eredfed,   in 
the  midft  of  which  was  a  great  Pole,    to  which  he  was  tied,    and 
over   af^ainft  him  was  all  the  Cannon  of  the  Caflle  planted,  in 
cafe  any  fhould  have  atten)pted  to  relieve  him.     The  forepart  of 
the  Tower  wiiich  looked  to  the  Place  of  Execution  was  hung  with 
rich  Tapeflry  and  Cufhions  for  the  Cardinal  and  Clergy,    who 
would   needs  be  prefent  at  his  Execution.     Having  mounted  the 
Scaffold,  he  addrels'd  himfelf  to  the  People,  exhorting  them  not 
to  be  fhaken  in  their  Faith  by  the  Manner  of  his  Death,  but  to  re- 
main fledfafl   in  the   fame,    as  he  had  taught  it  to  them ;    upon 
which  he  fell  upon  his  Knees  and  prayed :  Then  being  tied  to  the 
Stake,  cried  aloud,     O  Saojiottr  of  the  World  ha've  Mercy  upon  me  : 
Hi.  D«th  FiUher  of  Heaven,  I  commend  my  Spirit  unto  thy  Holy  Hands.    The 
.nd'chiu-  £xecutioners  having  kindled  the  Fire,  the  Powder  that  was  faftned 
to  his  Body  immediately  kindled.     The  Captain  of  the  Caftle,  who 
ftood  near  to  him,   perceiving  that  he  was  ftill  alive,    comforted 
him,  and  defircd  him  to  recommend  his  Soul  to  God:  To  which 
Mr.  W'P^eart  reply'd,  This  Flame  has  fcorched  my  Body,  but  has  not 
dimmed  my  Spirit ;  but,  he  who  from  yonder  high  Place  beholdeth  us 
zvith  JHch  'Pride,  Jhall  in  a  few  Days  lie  in  the  fame,  as  ignomini- 
oujly,  as  he  is  now  Jeen  proudly  to  reft  himfelf:     After  which  one 
of  the  Executioners  drawing  the  Cord  that  was  tied  about  his  Neck, 
ftopt  his  Breath,  fo  that  he  fpoke  no  more :  And  the  Fire  encrea- 
fino;,  his  Body  was  quickly  reduced  to  Afhes,    upon  the  id  Day  of 
March  I  'Sa^'j.     All  our  Proteftant  Hiftorians  have  given  very  large 
Accounts  of   this  Gendeman's   dying  Speeches   and    Behaviour, 
wherein  they  have  reprefented  him,  as  a  Perfon,  on  whom  God  had 
beftowed  the  fame   Gifts  and  Graces  that  he  had  beftowcd  upon 
his  ancient  Prophets.     And  Mr.  Knox  fays,    That  he  was  the  mo(l 

worthy 


Vol.  III.     Tl^Life  of  Mr.  GEORGE  VV I S H E A R T  c:7l4cirtyr.        1 7 
icorthy  Man  of  his  Age,  and  one  on  whom  God  had  beftoucd  fuch 


r>^A^^> 


Graces  as  was  never  heard  within  this  Reabn,  yea  and  are  rare  to  '-A/'nj 
k  found  yet  in  any  Man ;  notwithflanding  this  great  Ligijt  of  God, 
that  fince  his  Days  hath  fhined  on  «j,  he  Was  not  only  fingtdarly 
learned,  as  well  in  all  godly  Knozvledge,  as  in  all  honejl  human 
Science,  htt  alfo  he  zvas  fo  clearly  ilfuminaied  zvith  the  Spirit  of 
Prophecy,  that  he  jaw  not  only  Things  pertaining  to  himfelf-  hut  alfo 
Things,  as  fome  Towns,  and  the  zvhole  Realm  afterwards  felt,  which 
he  forefpake,  not  in  Secret,  hut  in  the  Audience  of  many. 

But  notwichdanding  ot  all  tiiofc  high  Encomiums,    others  have 
riven  but  a  very  bad  Cliara(fler  of  him  ;  and  it  is  but  juft  that  we 
Ihoiild  hear,  and  impartially  examine  what  they  have  faid,  that  the 
Reader  may  be  fully  intruded  to  form  an  exadl  Judgment  of  him: 
And  in  the  Firfi  Place  they  fay.    That  Mr.  Knox,  who  gives    this 
favourable  Account  of  him,    and  from  whom  all  the  reft  of  the 
Hiftorians  have   copied  it,    being  his  intimate  Friend  and  Compa- 
nion,, and  a  Man  ot  no  Faith  or  Credit  in   his  Narratives  of  the 
Matters  ot  Facff  in  theic  Times,    what  he  fays  of  him  is  not  much 
to  be  relied  upon,     idly.    That  he  (by  his  own  ConfeHion  j  was 
one  of  thofc  tliat  jo)n'd  with  the  Dirturbers  of  the  Government; 
and  by  his  Examination  it  plainly  appears,  that  he  moft  impioufly 
took  upon  him  the  Adminillration  oi  the  Sacramentr,  and  all  the 
other  Parts  ot  the  Sacerdotal  Office,    without  ever  being  ordain'd, 
or  having  the  Impofition  of  Hands  :  And  if  we  may  belie/e  Demp- 
fer,  he  was  a  Man  of  no  Letters,    but  of  great  Forwardnefs  and 
Impudence.     3^/y,  That  it  is  noftrange  Thinjr  to  fee  all  Secftarians 
claiming  to  their  pretended  Entlusflaftical  Prophets,  and  going  to 
Death  with  Refolution,  and  Raptures  of  Devotion,  in  Defence  of 
very  unaccountable  Dodrines,  and  fuch  as  are  deftru(flive  not  only 
to  the  Fundamentals  of  Chriftianity,  butlikewife  to  the  very  Eifence 
and  Conftitution  of  all  human  Society,     ^thly.  They  fay.  That  all 
his  Prophec^ies  proceeded  from  his  clofs  Correfpondence   and  In- 
telligence with  the  Englifh,   and  thofe  of  his  own  Party,    fuch  as 
the  taking  of  the  Town  of  Haddintoun  by  the  Englijh,   the  Pro- 
phecy about  the  AmbuOi  tiiat  was  laid  for  Iiim  as  he  was  going  to 
Fife,    and  tiiat  there  was  no  Plague  in  Scotland  in  the  Year  1544, 
othcrwife,  that  Bifhop  Lefy,  who  liv'd  at  that  Time,  and  who  wrote 
die  Hiftory  of  thefe  Times,  would  not  have  omitted  fuch  a  memo- 
rable Piece  of  Calamity,  that  it  was  no  ftrange  Thing-  for  him  to 
be  fpeaking  always  of  his  approaching  Death,  fince  he  knew  that 
the  Covernour  of  the  Realm  and  the  Cardinal  had  made  conftanr 
Search  for  him ;  and  that  he  could  not  efcape  if  once  he  fell  in 
their  Hands :  And  in  one  Word,  Tliat  the  whole  of  his  Prophecies 
confifted  of  an  admirable  Faculty,    that  he  had  in  making  his  In- 
telligence pafs  for  Prophecies  amongft  the  Vulgar.     But,  Lajily, 
What  is  moft  heavy  upon  him,  is  their  Accufation  againft  him,  of 
having  a  main  Hand  in  contriving  the  Cafdinal's  Murder,    which 
Dempfler  fays,  was  the  Ground  he  proceeded  upon  in  his  Prophecy 

Jt  againft 


j8       The  Life  of  Mr.  GKORGE  WISHEART  Martyr.      Vol.  \\l 

r>y^^  a^ainft  the  Cardinal  at  his  Death  :  And  I  have  fcen  in  the  r,awyers 
W^  Library  at  Edinbur^h^  wliat  feeins  to  confirm  this  :  For  \fj\\cn  the 
Earl  of  Hartford  refided  at  NewcaftU  as  Lieutenant  of  the  North 
of  England.,  the  Lords  of  the  Reformation,  who  were  then  I'en- 
fionaries  to  tlie  King  of  England,  fent  Mr.  Wijhrart  witl\  a  IVopo- 
fal  of  killing  the  Cardinal,  as  we  find  by  the  Larl  of  Iiarlford\ 
Letter  to  King  Henry,  dated  ^pril  17th,  1544.  (b)  Wherein  he 
has  thefe  Words,  H^his  Day  arrived  from  Scotland  Mr.  Wifhcart, 
zuho  brought  me  a  Letter  from  my  Lord  Hrimfton,  ivhich  f  fend  your 
Hi^hnefs  herewith,  and  according  to  his  Reqitejls  I  ha've  taken  Order 
of  the  Repair  of  the  faid  Air.  Wirtieart  to  your  Majejly,  for  the 
JDelivery  of  fuch  Letters  as  he  hath  to  your  Majefly  from  the 
Lord  Brimfton  ;  and  alfo  for  the  [aid  Declaration  of  his  Credance, 
zuhich,  as  J  can  perceive  by  him,  confifleth  of  tioo  Points  ;  one  in  the 
Laird  of  Grange,  late  Treajurer  of  Scotland,  and  the  Majler  of 
Rothes,  the  Earl  of  Rothes  his  eldefl  Son,  and  John  Cliarrers,  zvho 
would  attempt  either  to  apprehend  or  flay  the  Cardinal  atfome  Time 
zvhen  he  JI:onld  pafs  through  the  Fite  Land,  as  he  doth  fnndry  Times 
to  St.  Andrews  ;  and  in  cafe  they  can  Jo  apprehend  him,  zvill  deliver 
him  lip  to  your  Majefy ;  which  Attempt,  he  fays,  they  would  enter- 
trizje  if  they  knew  your  Alajefys  Pleafure  therein  :  yind  what 
Supportation  and  Maintenance  your  Majefly  ivili  minifer  unto  them 
after  the  Execution  of  the  fame,  in  cafe  they  fhould  be  purfu'd  after- 
zvards  by  any  other  Enemits. 

DempJIer  tells  us,    That  Mr.  Wifheart  wrote  a  Book  againfl: 
■""/.=■      Qutntin  Kennedy  khhot  of  Crofs-Re^al,  and  Uncle  to  the  Lord 
woiki.  Cajjils,    and  another  upon  the  Lord  s  Supper,   horn  the  Writings 

of  Luther  ;  and  Knox  (ays,  he  wrote  fome  Things  in  Prifon, 
which  his  Enemies  deftroy'd  ;  But  we  have  nothing  now  extant 
of  his  that  I  know  of,  but  fome  Extratfts  of  Sermons  and  Con- 
ferences in  jBat's  Martyiology,  A^iox  his  Hiftory,  and  our  other 
Hiftorians. 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

L    '"W^Hemata  Fidei  contra  Quintinum  Kennedum. 
II.     1.     De  Casna  Domini  ex   Luthero. 

HI.  Extracts  of  Sermons  and  Conferences.     Vid.  FoxV  Martyrology, 
Knox,  Spotfwood,  ^c. 


THE 


H)  \iic  Sir  Ralfi  Sad.  Bib.  ].  C.  C  £i. 


Vol.  III. 


An.   I  j4f« 

THE  "^^"^ 


LlFEoiVAVID  BEATON,  Cardinal 
SanCti  Stepbani  in  monte  Ccclio,  and 
Arch-Biihop  of  St.  Andrews. 

~"^  HIS  Prelate  was  defcended  from  an  Ancient  Fa- 
mily in  the  Shire  of  Fife,  being  a  Son  of  the  Laird  „";'''^* 
of  Balfour  s  ;  He  was  born  in  the  Reign  of  King  """'■"'^ 
James  the  Fourth,    had  his    Education  at   the 
.,.,„,.  Univerfity  o^  St.  Andrews,    where,    after  he  had 

finiflied  tlie  Courfe  of  his  Studies  in  the  Belles-Lettres  and  Philo- 
fophy,  he  was  fent  over  by  his  Parents  to  the  Univerfity  of  Paris^ 
where  he  ftudied  Theology  for  feveral  Years  {a).     He  cntred  into 
Holy  Orders,  and  had  feveral  Benefices  beftowed  upon  him;  and 
being  a  Gentleman  of  a  bright  and  lively  Spirit,    became  a  great 
Favourite  of  King  James  the  Fifth's  j    wlio  fent  him  over  as  iiis 
Ambaffador  to  Francis  King  of  France,   and  Pope  Paul  tlie  Third. 
In  which  Negotiation  he  acquit  himfelf  fo  well,  to  the  Satisfacftion  Amb.(f.dor 
of  them  all,  that  each  of  them  upon  his  Return,    befiowed  upon  pmo*ed' w 
him  tlie  Marks  of  tlieir  Favour.  For  Pope  Paul  the  Third  made  him  ni","'  °''' 
Cardinal  Saniii  Stephani  in  Monte  Ccelio  on  the  1 3th  of  tlie  Kalends 
of  January  1558.     Francis  King  of  France  promoted  him  to  the 
Bifhoprick  of  Meropois,  being  confecrated  upon  the  Fifth  o(  De- 
cember 1 537.     And  upon  the  Death  of  his  Uncle  James  Beaton 
Archbifliop  of  St.  j4ndrews^  King  James  the  Fifth  promoted  him 
to  that  See:  And  the  Pope,  as  a  further  Mark  of  his  Favour,  made 
him  Legatus  a   Latere  in   the   Year  1559.     Archbifliop  Spotftvood 
fays,  that  he  likewife  fucceeded  his  Uncle  in  the  Abbacy  of  y^her- 
brothock,    but  tlie  learned  Dr.  Jamefon  in  his  M.  S.  Notes  upon 
Bifhop  Spotfwood's  Hiftory  in  my  Cuftody,    fliews  that  his  Uncle 
gave  liim  the  Abbacy  of  Ahcrhrothock  in  the  Year  1544,  refervin^^ 
only  to  himfelf  the  half  of  the  Rents:  And  upon  the  idth  of  July 
the  fame  Year :  One  Mr.  John  Gibjon  Bifliop  of  Libarna  or  Ltbra- 
ria  in  partibus  infidelium,    had  a  Power  to  Exercife  his  Epifcopal 
Office  in  the  Diocefs  of  St.  u^ndrews,  with  Confent  of  the  Cardi- 
nal,   and  a  Penfion  of  200  Pound  Scott  out  of  the  Rents  of  die 
Biflioprick  of  St,  Andrews. 

Tiiis  Prelate  was  no  foonei"  promoted  to  the  See  of  Sr.  yindreivs, 
but  to  tcftific  iiisZcal  to  the  Roman  Sec,  and  his  Benefacflor  Pope 
Pa\d  die  Tiiird,  he  made  it  his;  Bufuiefs  to  pcrfecutc  with  Fire  and 
Sword  tliofe  of  the  Reformed  Religion }  and  for  diat  Efid  lie 
brought  aloiigs  with  him  to  %x..  Andrews^    the  Earls  of  Huntly, 

E  1  Arran, 

Jo  Vul.i/"-  l..b.    .-.  »..  61).  «y,  I).  L>f.  Lib.  10.  V.  41(7.  V,m,f.  Ub.  x.  V.  HK.     D.  J»m.fm,  Nui„  upoo  A/«.  ftMi 


He  ptrle- 


20  Tl)e  Life  of  Gird  i  mi  I  Bl'ATON,  Vol.  ill. 

'^^  ylrran,  Miirifhal  and  Montroje ;  Lords,  Fleeming,  Linrlfay,  i.rs'km 
^^V*^  and  Sentoti,  Ga'vin  h\x\\-\\\[\\o^  o\  Glaf^ow  Cliantcllor,  l\'iUiam 
Eifhop  oi  Qy^bcrdecn,  Henry  Bilhop  of  GaUowa),  John  JJilhop  of 
'Brechen,  and  Williarn  Bifhop  of  Diimblain,  ALbots  of'  oPMilrofs^ 
Durnfemilin^,  Lir/Jores  CLiid  Kinlofs,  and  a  great  Niiniher  of  i^riors, 
curri  the  Deans  and  Doctors  of  Theology  :  Tliefc  having  u\ci  u\  the  Ca- 
thedral Church  of  Sr.  Andrews,  and  the  Cardinal  being  plac'd  in 
a  Chair  above  the  relt,  told  them  of  the  great  Danger  the  Catho- 
lick  Church  was  in,  by  the  Proceedings  of  King  Henry  the  Jj'ghth 
in  Engbncly  and  by  the  great  Increafe  of  Herefie  in  Scotland,  yea 
even  in  the  King's  Court,  where  it  met  with  a  too  favourable  Re- 
ception, and  that  none  was  more  induflrious  in  fpreading  thefe 
Heretical  Doiflrines  xhm\  Sir  John  Borthwick;  knd  therefore  had 
caus'd  him  to  be  cited  before  tlieii),  for  maintaining  the  following 
Heretical  Docflrines.  i.  That  the  Pope  had  no  greater  Authority 
over  Chriftians,  than  any  other  Bifhop  or  Prelate,  2.  Tiiat  Indul- 
gences and  Pardons  granted  by  the  Pope  were  of  no  Force  or 
EfFedV,  but  dcvilifli,  to  amufe  the  People,  and  deceive  poor  igno- 
rant Souls.  ^.  Tiiat  Bilhops,  Priefts  and  other  Clergymen  may 
lawfully  marry.  4.  That  the  Herefies  commonly  called  the  Here- 
sies of  Englcindy  and  their  new  Liturgy  was  to  be  commended  by 
all  good  Chriflians,  and  to  be  embrac'd  by  them ;  but  in  this  Ar- 
ticle our  Ecclefiaftical  Hiftorians  are  certainly  in  a  Miflake,  for 
there  was  no  new  Liturgy  before  that  of  Edward  the  Sixth. 
5.  That  the  People  of  Scotland  are  blinded  by  their  Clergy,  and 
profefs  not  the  true  Faith.  6.  That  Church^men  ought  not  to 
enjoy  any  Temporalities.  7.  That  the  King  ought  to  convert  the 
fuperfluous  Rents  of  the  Church  into  other  pious  Ufcs.  8.  That 
the  Church  of  Scotland  ought  to  be  reformed  after  the  famt  man- 
ner, as  that  of  England  was.  9.  That  the  Canon  Law  was  of  no 
Force,  being  contrary  to  the  Law  of  God.  10.  That  Orders  of 
Friars  and  Monks  fhould  be  aboliflied,  as  has  been  done  in  England. 
II.  That  he  had  openly  called  the  Pope  a  Simoniack,  for  that  he 
had  fold  fpiritual  Things.  12.  That  he  did  read  Heretical  Books, 
and  the  New  Teftament  in  EngHfh^  with  feme  Treatifes  written  by 
]\4elctnchton  Oecolompadiiis,  and  other  Hereticks,  and  that  he  not 
only  read  them  himfelf,  but  diftribute  them  amongfl:  others.  And 
Lafily,  That  he  openly  difown'd  the  Authority  of  the  Roman  See. 

Thefe  Articles  being  read,  and  he  not  compearing,  nor  any  for' 
him,  he  was  taken  as  a  confefl  Heretick,  and  condemn'd  as  an 
Herefiaich,  for  fo  the  Sentence  bears.  His  Goods  were  order'd  to 
be  confifcate,  himfelf  burnt  in  Effigie,  if  he  could  not  be  other- 
wife  apprehended,  and  all  manner  of  Perfons  inhibited  to  entertain 
him,-  or  converfe  with  him,  under  the  Pain  of  Excommunication 
or  Forfeiture  :  And  this  Sentence  was  part  againft  him  upon  the 
28th  of  May  1 540,  and  the  fame  Day  his  Pid ure  was  burnt  in 
the  open  Market-Place  of  St.  Andrews,  and  two  Days  after,  at 
EdinbHrgh.     Sir  John  Borthwick  hearing  how  they  had  proceeded 

againft 


Vol.  III.  ylrch-Bijlop  of  St.  Andfews.  2^ 

againft  liim,  ricd  into  England,  where,  he  was  kindly  rfeceiv'd  byj>»'^^ 
King  Henry  die  Eighth,  who  Tent  him  AmbalTaddr  to  the  Prote-C^V^' 
(lant  Princes  in  Germany,  to  make  a  League  betwixt  hirn  and  them 
againft  the  Pope.  This  Gentleman  wrote  an  Apology  for  himfelf 
which  Mr.  Knox  has  inferred  in  his  Martyology  ;  and  for  his 
Learning,  Piety  and  Valour,  Dr.  y(?/;«/?o«  has  inferred  him  amongft 
our  Scots  Heroes  with  the  following  Encomium  (a). 

TOHANNES    BORTHUICUS 
Eques  darijjimus,    tarn  charus  JACOB O  V.    Re^i  ob  eximias 
njirtutes,  (mam  inqjifus  Sacerdoium  ordini  ob  'veram  pietatem  /«/>.  B.r^.i«SV 
Ob  cujMS Jinceram  profejjtonem  abfens  damnatui  eft:  Bofia  in  Jifcumch"!la',u 
relata :    Effigies  pofi  varia  ludtbria  igne  cremata  Andreapoli  29 
Maii,  Anno  Chrifit  1 540.     Cut  damnationi  doiiijjimam  Apologiam 
oppofuit,  qiu  extat  in  monumentis  Martjrum.     Multis  annis  poftec* 
fuperjles,  Jenex  placida  morte  obiit. 

Sen  peragenda  foret  mihi  res  ingintibUs  aujts, 

Seu  Jors  intrepidis  dura  ferenda  animis, 
Vtrtimqite  addidtci  hoc,    auaere  ingentia  in  armis; 

Et  fcrre  invidJis  afpra  ^  acerba  animis 
2Slec  mthi  cur  a  met  eji  ufquam,  cur  am  anteit  omnern 

Vna  poll,  ^  pur  A  Religionis  amor. 
Mille  notant  probris  caput  hoc  crudelibus  Hoftes 

jibjenticiue  cremant  ignibus  ejjigiem. 
Ve  capite,  0  fatui  !  njobts  fas  ludere  tantum. 

T)e  me  qut  ftatmt  arbiter  alter  erit. 

An  Interview  being  pfopos'd  at  Tork  bfcxtwixt  King  Henry  the 
Eiglith   and  King  James  the  Fifth,    his  Nephew;  to  which    both 
Princes    having    agreed,    the  Cardinal  and   Clergy  being   afraid 
that  King  Henry  might  prevail  with  his  Nepiiew  to  take  tlie  fame 
Meafures  that  he  had  done  in  England,  diffwaded  him  from  itj^'d'Tw/deJ 
whic'h  was  the  Caufe  of  a  bloody  War  betwixt  the  tWo  Nations,  from  m«~' 
and  tile  Occafion  of  that  incomparable  Prince's  Death,    as  I  have  u«u''li*''' 
(hown  at  Lengdi  in  the  id  Volume  of  this  Work,    in  the  Life  of '^''** 
that  Princci      King  James  the  Fifth  was  no  fooner  dead,    but  the 
Cardinal  did  fuborn  a  Prieft  called  Henry  Balfour,    to  forge  the,h"*K?nT^ 
King's  laft  Will,  whereby  it  was  declar'd  that  he  had  committed  to*****"* 
the  Cardinal,  the  Earls  of  u4rgyle,  Huntly  and  Murray,  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  Realm  during  his  Daughter's  Minority  ;    and  this  he 
caufed  to  be  proclaim'd  over  the  Market  Crofs  Of  Edinburgh  otx 
the  Munday  after  the  King's  Death  ;  but  the  reft  of  th^  Nobility 
having  met,  and  finding  that  the  King  was  not  irt  4  Condition  to 
grant  a  Warrant  for  forming  of  a  Teftament,  they  madd  Choice  of 
Jamt$  Earl  of  Arran  to  be  Governour  of  the  Realm  dufing  the 
Queen's  Minority. 

P In 

U)  Vti«  7't«».  7.*./.  H*rOH  ifM.  tig,  17. 


22.  The  Life  of  Cardinal  B  b  A  T  O  N,  Vol.  fif. 

aY^        In  the  Beginning  of  the  Year  i  545,  a  Propofal  being  made  by 
^•'V^'    King  Henry  the  Eighth,  of  a  Match  betwixt  the  Prince  of  IVales  his 
elded:  Son,  and  the  Infant  Queen  of  Scotland  ;  the  Govcrnoiir  and 
Nobility  who  rehOi'd  the  Propofal,  being  afraid  that  tlic  Cardinal 
Heiiim-  and  Clergy  would  oppofe  this  Match,  they  committed  the  Cardi- 
rf;;r^;u-nal   Prifoner  to  the  Caftle  of  Dalkeith,    and  from  thence  he  was 
'""'•        remov'd  to  St.  Andrews.     The  Matcli  with  England  bein^  violently 
oppos'd  by  the  Queen  Mother,  and   a  great  Part  of  the  Nobility, 
it  was  agreed  amongft  them  that  the  Cardinal  fhould   be  fct  at 
Liberty,    and  the  Lord  Seaton  undertook  to  do  it,  and  accordingly 
did  erfed uate  the  fame ;  and  they  all  met  at  Linlithgow  upon  tlie 
24th  Day  of   July,  where  tiiey  enter'd  into  a  Bond,  whereby  they 
obliged  themlelves  to  ftand  by  one  another  with  their  Lives  and 
Fortunes,  in  Oppofition  to  the  Match  witii  England.     For  the  Car- 
dinal and  Clergy  plainly  torefaw,  riiat  if  the  Match  with  England 
did  prove  cffedual,  it  would  neceffarly  bring  on  fuch  a  Reforma- 
tion in  Scotland  as  had  been  made  in  England ;  and  therefore  they 
appointed  a  prefent  Colle(5lion  to  be  made  of  as  much  Money  as 
each  Clergy-man  could  conveniently  allow;  and  the  inferior  Clergy 
were  appointed  to  preach  in  their  Sermons  againll:  the  Match  with 
England,  as  tending  to  the  Ruin  of  the  Catholick  Religion.     The 
NoLility  who  had   not  fo  much  Religion  in  their  View,    as  the 
breakinj^  of  the  Ancient  League  with  France,  which  they  and  their 
Predeceffors  had  often  fworn  to  keep  violably,  they  oppofe  it  upon 
that  Account;  befides,  they  thought  that  fuch  a  Match  mull  needs 
tend  to  the  Glory  and  Happinefs  ot  England,  and  to  the  Ruin  ot 
Scotland  ;    which  by  this,    from  an  independent  Kingdom,  would 
dwindle  into  a  Tributary  Province. 

Upon  the  4th  ot  September  the  Governour  came  to  Stirling  to  be 
Witnefs  to  the  Queen's  Coronation,    and   to  be  reconcil'd  to  the 
Queen  Mother  and  Cardinal ;    for  by  this  Time  he  found  that  tlie 
King  of  England  had  never  any  real  Defign  of  a  Match  betwixt  the 
Qiieen  and  the  Prince  ol  Wales,  but  only  to  fee  if  he  could  get  the 
Infant  Qiieen  in  his  Cuflody,  as  evidently  appears  from  Sir  Ralph 
Sadler  s  Letters  in  the  Lawyers  Library  at  Edinburgh.     The  Coro- 
nation of  the  Qiieen  was  perform'd  with  great  Pomp  and  Solemnity 
upon  the  4th  Day  of  September  ;  and  at  this  Time,  our  Hiftorians 
fay,  that  the  Governour  forfook  the  reformed  Religion,  and  turn'd 
Catholick  again  :    Upon  which  he  received  Abfolution  from  the 
Cardinal ;  but  the  Truth  is,  he  was  never  Proteftant :    And  that  for 
which  the  Cardinal  gave  him  Abfolution,  was,  that  he  knew  of,  and 
might  have  hinder'd  the  killing  of  a  Friar  At  Dundee,  as  we  learn  from 
a  Letter  from  Sir  Ralph  Sadler  to  Kin^  Henry,  dated  upon  the  5th 
of  September  this  Year.     The  Cardinal  having  thus  eilablifli'd  his 
Authority  as  much  as  ever,  he  refolv'd  to  begin  where  he  left  otF, 
in  profecuting  thofe  of  the  Reformed  Religion ;    but  taking  the 
PrU'.Vd'ingi  Governour  alongs  with  him,  they  came  to  Perth,  where,  upon  rlie 
j?oteflJi»'!  Delation  of  one  Fnar  Spence ;    Robert  Lamb,    William  Anderjon, 

James 


Vol,  111.  y^rch-BiJhop  of  St.  Andrews.  ij 

—  ■  I 

James  Ranald,  Jamci  Hunter,  Sind  Helen  Stirk  his  Wile,  ucre^/,"^^ 
apprehended,  examni'd,  and  found  guilty,  and  all  of  them  han'j,'d,^''>^ 
except  the  poor  Woman  who  was  drown'd.  Sir  Henry  Elder,  li^il- 
ter  riper,  and  Laurence  BuUar,  with  fome  other  Bur^efies  were 
banilli'd.  Tiie  Lord  Ruthven  Provoft  of  die  Town  was'"put  out  of 
his  Office  as  a  Favourer  of  the  Reformers.  From  Perth  tiie  Cardi- 
nal went  to  Angus  and  the  Mearns,  where  he  likewifc  made  a  vifro- 
rous  Inquifition,  and  tlien  return'd  to  Edinburgh,  where  he  caus'd 
apprehend  Mr.  Wijheart,  and  burnt  him  at  Si.  J^ndreivs,  as  we  have 
fhown  in  his  Life. 

Thefe  vigorous  Proceedings  of  his  fo  incens'd  thofe  wlio  favour'd 
the  Reformation  againft  him,    that  they  refolv'd  to  murder  him  •.'*"i  •<>»«- 
This  had  been  propos'd  to  the  Earl  of  v4ngus,  and  his  Brotlier  Sir  "    °" 
George  Douglas  long  before  by  King  Henr^j  the  Eighth;    and  rliey 
had  employed  Mr.  Wijheart  in  the  Aff'air  ;  but  Mr.  IViJheart  being 
appreliended  and  put  to  Deatli,  they  became  more  incens'd  againft 
the  Cardinal   than  ever  ;    and  immediately  difpatch'd  one  John 
Henry,    and   another   called   Wilfon  for  King   Henry  s  furtlier  In- 
ftrudiions,  as  we  learn  from  a  Minute  to  the  Earl  of  Hartford,  dated 
May  17th,  wiiicli  is  as  follows  :     (a)  After  our  hearty  Commenda- 
tion to  your  good  Lordf^ip  ;    whereas  the  Qj^eens  Afajefy  hath  pre- 
fently  difpatch'd  John  Henry,    Scotfman,   and  Wilfon,  who  werefent 
unto  her  Highnefs from  the  Mafler  of  Rothes,  and  others  in  Scotland 
with  Credences  ;    and  have  alfo  appointed  his  Majefys  Trujlee  Mr. 
Fioleroft  and  ]o\\n  Rogers  to  pafs  with  them  into  Scotland,  forfuch 
Purpojes,  and  to  fuch  Ends,  as  by  Inf  ructions  which  you  fiau  receive 
herewith  may  more  at  large  appear  unto  them.     TTjefe  be  to  advertife 
your  Lordfip,    That  her  Highnefs  confidering  that  it  pall  be  very 
hard  for  them  to  pafs  furdy  to  the  End  of  their   Journey  by  Land, 
have  wiWd  us  to  fignify  to  you,  that  her  Highnefs  Pleaftfre  is,  that 
you  /hall  caufe  a  convenient  Vejjel  for  their  fure  Tranfporting  and 
Convoyance  to  the  Mouth  of  the  River  Tay,    to  be  Jecretly  prepard 
and  furnifid  ivith  as  much  Diligence  as  you  may. 

Tliey  had  not  the  Patience  to  wait  till  tliefe  Gentlemen  return'd,' 

but  agreed  amongft  tliemfelves  to,  meet  privately  at  St.  Andrews   ne  fD,^ 

upon  tlie  2.8th  .ofMtj,  and  upon  the  2.9th  thev  met  about  tlueeD«u!!'^ 

of  the  Clokk  in  the  Morning  in  the  Abbay  Churcli-Yard,  all  Things 

fucceedcd  as  they  could  have  wifh'd  {b).     Young  Grange  at  his  firft 

coming  found  the  Gates  of  the  Caftle  open,  and  entring  witli  Six 

who  attended  him,    cntertain'd  the  Porter,  by  asking  him  if  the 

Cardinal  was  afleep,  and  liow  foon  he  would  rife,    and  fuch  like 

Queftions :  In  the  mean  Time  the  Mafter  of  Rothes,  and  two  with 

him,  came  and  ask'd  the  fame  Queftions ;  but  the  Porter  was  noways 

afraid  of  him,  knowing  him  to  be  in  great  Favour  with  the  Cardinal,' 

who  had  always  entertain'^d  him  as  one  of  his  Bofom  Friends ;  but 

when  he  faw  Mr.  7ip/;«  L^y?/>,  with  two,  or  as /(Twat  has  it,  four  with 

him,  whom  he  knew  to  be  his  Mailer's  Enemies^    he  immediately. 

F  I  run 

(.*)  Vii«  Sif  Rtlf.  f4.  Uilcii  «U  /if.    (})  Vi4.  SfH.  P.  Ij.  tJm,  t.  71. 


24  "T^e  Life  of  Cardinal  BEATON,  Vol.  Ill 

A^f^;  run  to  fecure  the  Bridge,  being  afraid  of  fomc  bad  Defign ;  but  they 
'-*^'*^  ftopt  liim,  took  the  Keys  from  hiiti,  and  fecur'd  the  PafTage  ;  then 
appointing  four  of  tlie  Company  to  fccurc  tlie  Chamber  where  the 
Cardinal  lay,  that  lie  miglit  not  be  advertis'd  of  what  tlicy  were 
adoing,  tliey  went  into  the  (everal  Chambers  in  wliich  his  Servants 
lay  aflecp,  and  calling  them  by  their  Names,  for  tliey  were,  all 
known  to  them,  they  put  Fifty  oi  his  ordinary  Servants,  befides 
the  Workmen,  Mafons  and  Wrights,  who  were  reckoned  above  an 
hundred  ('for  he  was  then  fortifying  the  Caflle)  to  the  Gates, 
permitting  none  to  flay  within  but  the  Governour's  Son,  whom 
rhey  thought  fit  to  detain  for  their  own  Security  :  And  all  this  was 
done  witii  fo  little  Noife,  that  the  Cardinal  did  not  hear  tliem, 
till  tliey  knock'd  at  his  Door ;  then  he  ask'd,  Who  was  there  ?  John 
Lejlie,  the  Earl  of  Rothes's  Brotiier,  anfwer'd,  My  Name  is  Lejlie : 
Which  Leflie,  faid  tlie  Cardinal,  is  that  Norman  1  It  was  anfwer'd, 
That  lie  niuft  open  to  thofe  that  were  there  :  Whereupon  he  made 
faft  tlie  Doors,  and  refufed  to  admit  them.  Then  they  called  for 
Fire,  which  when  the  Cardinal  heard,  he  capitulated  with  them, 
and  open'd  the  Door,  upon  tliieir  Promife  that  they  would  do  him 
no  Harm.  Upon  which  they  rudiing  in  upon  him,  moft;  barba- 
roufly  murdered  him,  without  any  Refiftance.  The  Tumult  was 
great  in  the  City  upon  the  Rumour  that  the  Caftle  was  taken,  but 
the  People  immediately  run  to  Arms ;  and  fuch  as  favour'd  the 
Cardinal  made  all  the  hafte  they  could,  intending  to  fcale  the 
Walls :  But  when  it  was  told  them,  that  he  was  dead  wliom  they 
thought  to  help,  their  Hearts  cool'd  ;  yet  the  People  ftill  calling 
for  a  Sight  of  the  Cardinal,  they  brought  the  Corps  to  the  very 
fame  Place  wliere  he  fat  beholding  Mx.WiJheart's  Execution.  Tiiis 
is  the  Account  that  Arch-Bi/hop  Spotfwood  ^Wqs  of  this  Affair ;  but 
Mr.  Knox  in  his  Hiflory  mofl  villainoufly  and  wickedly  making  a 
Jeft  of  it,  relates  it  thus ; 

"  Many  Purpofes  were  devis'd  liow  that  wicked  Man  might  have 
♦'  been  taken  away,  but  all  failed,  till  Friday  the  i8th  of  c^^j, 
*'  oy^nno  1546,  when  the  aforefaid  Norman  came  at  Night  to 
"  St.  Andrews^  William  Kirkcaldie  of  Grange  younger  was  in  the 
"  Tpwn  before  waiting  upon  the  Purpofe ;  lafl  came  John  Lejlie^ 
"  as  aforefaid,  who  was  mofl:  fufpedleu.  What  Conclufion  they  took 
*'  that  Ni"!it,  it  was  not  known,  but  Saturday  in  the  Morning,  the 
"  19th  ofc/l^ay,  were  they  in  fundry  Companies  in  the  Abbay 
"  Church-Yard,  not  far  difliant  from  the  Cafl:le,  firfl:  the  Gates  being 
"  open,  and  the  Draw-Bridge  let  down  for  receiving  of  Lime  and 
"  Stones,  and  other  Things  neceffary  for  Building,  (for  Babylon 
"  was  almoft;  finifhed)  Firfl,  we  fay,  affay'd  William  Kirkcaldie  of 
"  Grange  younger,  and  with  him  Six  Perlons  ;  and  getting  Entry, 
"  held  Purpofe  with  tlie  Porter,  If  my  Lord  was  waking,  who  an- 
"  fwered.  No ;  and  fo  it  was  indeed,  for  he  had  been  bufy  at  his 
"  Accounts  with  his  Miflris,  Marion  Ogilvie  that  Night,  who  was 
"efpy'd  to  depart  from  him  by  the  privy  Poflern  that  Morning; 

"and 


Yqj    m  Arch-Bijhop  of  St.  Andrews.  1^ 

~  '  ^ ,— ^ — ^ 

and  therefore  Quietnefs,  after  the  Rules  of  Phyfick,  and  a  Mor- 


f>«A.*0 


nine  Sleep  was  requinte  for  my  Lord.     While  the  faid  WiUiam''^'^/^ 
and  the  Torter  talked,   and  his  Servants  made  them  to  look  to 
the  Work  and  Workmen,    approached  Norman  Lejlie  with  his 
Company  ;    and  bccaufe  they  were  in  great  Number,  they  eafily 
got  Entry.   They  advance  to  the  midft  of  the  Court,  and  imme- 
diately came    John   Lejlie  with  his   Company  fomewhat   rudely, 
and  Four  Perfons  with  him :  The  Porter  fearine,  would  have  drawn 
tlic  Bridge,   but  the  faid    John  being  enter'd   tliereon,    ftay'd  it, 
and  leapt  in;  and  while  the  Porter  made  him  for  Defence,    his 
Head  was  broken,  the  Keys  taken  from  him,  and  he  caft  into  the 
Ditch,  and  fo  the  Place  was  feiz'd.     The  Shout  arifeth,  die  Work-» 
men,  to  the  Number  of  more  than  an  hundred,  run  off  the  Walls, 
and  were  without  Hurt  put  forth  at  the  Wicket-Gate :    The  firfl 
Tiling  that  ever  was  done,    Wiliiam  Kirkcaldy  took  the  Gate  of 
privy  Poftcrn,  fearing,  lead  the  Fox  fhould  have  efcaped ;    then 
go  the  reft  to  the  Gentlemens  Chambers,  and  without  Violence 
done  to  any  Man,   they  put  more  than  Fifty  Perfons  to  the  Gate: 
The  Number  that  enterpriz'd,  and  did  this,  was  but  Sixteen  Per- 
fons.    The  Cardinal  wakened   with  the  Shouts,    ask'd  from  his 
Window,  What  meant  that  Noife  ?  It  was  anfwered,  that  Norman 
Lejlie  had   taken  iiis  Caftle,  which  underflood,    he  run  to  the 
Poltern  ;  but  perceiving  the  PafTage  to  be  kept  without,  he  retur- 
ned quickly  to  his  Chamber,  took  his  Two-handed  Sword,  and 
caufed  his  Chamberlain  call  Cl>efts,   and  other  Impediments  to 
the  Door  :  In  this  mean  Time  <^ame  "john  Lejlie  unto  it,  and  bids 
open.     Tlie  Cardinal  asking,    Who  calls  ?     He  anfwered,    My 
Name  is  Lejie :  He  demanded,  Is  that  Norman  ?  The  other  faith, 
Nay,  my  Name  is /(?/;«.     I  will  have  iVorw^w,  faith  the  Cardinal, 
for  he  is  my  Friend.     Content  your  felf  with  fuch  as  are  here, 
for  other  you  fhall  have  none.     There  were  with  the  faid  /o/?^, 
James  Mehil,    a  Man   familiarly    acquainted  with    Mr.  George 
m/heart,  and  Peter  Carmichael  a  ftout  Gentleman.    In  this  mean 
Time,  while  tliey  force  at  the  Door,  the  Cardinal  hides  a  Box  of 
Gold  under  the  Coals  that  were  laid  in  the  fecret    Corner.    Ac 
length  lie  ask'd,  Will  you  fave  my  Life?  The  faid  /o/;/?  anfwer'd. 
It  may  be  that  we  will :  Nay,  faith  the  Cardinal,  Swear  unto  me 
'  by  God's  Wounds,  and  I  will  open  to  you :    Then  anfwered  the 
faid  John,   What  is  faid  is  unfaid  ;  and  fo  cried,  Fire,  Fire,  for- 
the  Door  was  very  ftrong  :  And  fo  was  brought  a  Chimney  full 
of  burning  Coals,  which  pcrceiv'd,  the  Cardinal  or  his  Chamber- 
"  lain  fit  is  uncertain  which)  opened  the  Door,   and  the  Cardinal 
**  fatdowninaCiiair,  and  cry 'd,  lamaPrieft,  I  am  Priejl,  youu'iU 
"  not  Jlay  me,     The  faid  John  Lejlie,  according  to  his  former  Vows, 
"  ftruck  him  flrftonce  or  twice,  and  fo  did  the  laid  Peter,  hutjamet 
"  Mehil,  a  Man  of  Nature  mod  gentle,    and  moft  modeft,    per- 
"  cciving  them  both  in  Choler,    withdrew  them,    and  faid,    That 
«  this  Work  and  Judgment  of  God,   although  it  be  fecret,  ought 

G  "to 


l6  "Tlje  Life  of  Cardinal  BEATON,  Vol.  IJf. 

jjy[^  "  to  be  done  witli  greater  Gravity;  and  prefcntinj;^  unto  liim  tho 
v-'^^/*sj  "  Point  of-  the  Sword,  faid,  Repent  thee  of  th)  former  wicked  Life, 
*'  tut  efpecially  thy  Jheddw^  of  the  Blood  of  that  notable  Inflrur^ent 
"  of  God,  Mr.  George  Wifheart ;  ivhich  albeit  the  Flame  of  lire 
"  conjumed  before  Men,  yet  it  cries  for  l^en^eance  upon  thee ;  and  we 
*^  from  God  are  fent  to  revenue  it  ;  for  here  before  my  God,  I  proteft, 
"  That  neither  the  Hatred  of  thy  Perfon,  the  Love  of  thy  Riches, 
"  nor  the  fear  of  any  Trouble  thou  could  do  me  in  particular,  mo^u'd, 
*'  or  moveth  me  to  ffrtke  thee,  but  onh  becaufe  thou  hafl  been,  and 
"  remaineft  an  objlinate  Enemy  againfl  Chrijl  Jefus  and  his  Holy 
"  Gofpel:  And  fo  he  ftruck  liim  twice  or  thrice  rhrougli  with  a  (h)g 
"  Sword,  and  Co  he  Fell  ;  never  a  Word  out  ot'his  Mouth,  but 
*'  that,  /  a?/}  a  Priefl,  fie,  fie,  all  is  gone.  While  tliey  were  thus 
"  bufied  with  the  Cardinal,  the  Fray  ro(e  in  the  Town,  theProvoft 
*'  alfembles  the  Commonality,  and  comes  to  the  Houfe  Side,  cried, 
"  W)at  have  you  done  loith  my  Lord  Cardinal  ?  Where  is  my  Lord 
"  Cardinal  ?  Have  you  flain  my  Lord  Cardinal  ?  They  that  were 
*'  within  anfwered  e,ently,  Beft  it  were  for  you  to  return  to  your 
"  own  Houfes,  for  tlie  Man  you  call  the  Cardinal  has  received  his 
"  Reward,  and  in  his  own  Perfon  will  trouble  the  World  no  more  ; 
"  but  then  more  enragcdly  they  cried.  We  Jhall  never  depart  till 
*'  zve  fee  him  :  So  he  was  brout;ht  to  the  Eaft-Block-Hoiile-Head, 
*'  and  fhown  dead  over  the  Watl  to  the  faithlefs  Multitude,  which 
"  would  not  believe  before  they  (aw ;  and  fo  they  departed  with- 
"  out  Requiem  Aternam,  or  Requiefcat  in  pace  (ling  for  Iiis  Soul. 
*'  Now  becaufe  the  Weather  was  hot,  for  it  was  i^yld'ay,  as  vou  have 
"  heard,  and  his  Funerals  could  not  fuddenly  be  prepar'd,  it  was 
*'  thought  bell  to  keep  him  from  (linking,  to  give  him  great  Salt 
*'  enough,  a  Cope  of  Lead,  and  a  Corner  in  the  Bottom  of  the 
"  Sea-Tower  fa  Place  where  many  of  God's  Children  have  been  im- 
*'  prifoncd  before)  to  wait  what  Exequies  liis  Brethren  the  Rilliops 
*'  would  prepare  for  him  :  Tliefe  Things  we  write  merrily."  An 
excellent  Subjedl:  for  a  Chriflian's  Mirth  !  Many  Refleiflions 
nii^ht  be  made  to  expofe  the  Ridiculoufnefs  and  Impiety  of  this 
Relation,  if  the  bare  Narrative  it  felt  did  not  fufticiently  expofe 
the  Author  and  his  Party,  who  value  themfelves  fo  much  upon  their 
murdering  Principles:  But  that  we  may  fee  how  juft  God  is  in  his 
Judgments,  againrt  Murderers,  it  is  ro  be  obferved,  that  all  that 
had  an  Hand  in  this  Murder,  came  to  an  untimely  Death. 

Dempfler  (liys  {a),  That  Leflie  the  principal  Jclor  in  this  Affair, 
meaning  the  Mafter  of  Rothes,  after  the  Cardinal  was  dead,  in  the 
Manner  above  related.  That  he  ptjjed  in  his  Q^onth,  for  which  the 
jm/?  Judgment  of  God  came  over  him  :  For  being  killed  by  a  Fall 
from  his  Horfe,  his  Horfe  pilled  in  his  Mouth  :  But  that  this  is  a 
meer  Calumny,  will  appear  from  the  following  Narrative  of  his 
Death,  as  we  have  it  related  from  an  Eye-witnefs :  He  being  obliged 
to  fly  the  Kingdom  for  this  Murder,  he  had  a  Penfion  for  the  good 

(«)  Dcropft.  ubi  tup. 


Vol.  III.  yirch-BiJhop  of  St.  Andrews.  27 

Service  he  had  done,  all  King  Henry  the  Eighth's  Time,  and  King'>>V<*^ 
Edward  the  Sixth,  as  all  the  reft  of  the  Murderers  had.     But  upon  C^N^ 
the  Death  of  King  Edward  the  Sixth,    it  was  ftopt  upon  this  Oc- 
caf^on,  at  the  Agreement  of  the  Peace   betwixt  the  Three  Nations 
of  England^  Scotland  and  France.,  lie  had  been  fet  at  Liberty  from 
the  Confinement  he  was  under.     He  came  privately  to  Scotland 
but  the  Governor  having  got  Notice  of  Jt,  he  was  obliged  to  fly  to 
Denmark  ;  and  finding  nimfelf  not  fafe  in  that  Country,  he  came 
over  to  England.,  at  the  Time  of  King  Edward  the  Sixth's  Death 
to  receive  what  was  owing  him  of  his  Penfion  :    But  Lady   7ean 
Cray,  the  Duke  of  S/iffblk's  eldeft  Daughter   having  poflefled  hec 
felf  of  the  Third  of  England,  which  flie  held  not  above  Ten  Days 
Mary,    King  Edzvard's  eldeft   Sifter  was  owned  and  proclaimed 
Qiieen,and  reeftabliftied  the  Romijh  Religion;  upon  whicii  the  Duke 
of  Northfolk  in  open  Council   oppofed  the  paying  any  more  the 
Scots  Penfioners  ;    which  was  not  only  agreed  to,    but  all  of  them 
ordered  to  remove  out  of  England  againft  fuch  a  Day:  Upon  this 
Norman  Lejlie  fent   the  Laird  of  Brunjlon  over  to   Henry  King 
of  France  (a),  with  a  Prefer  of  his  Service  in  his  War  againft  the 
Emperor :    Tiie  King  ot  France  knowing  him  to  be  a  brave  Man 
accepted  of  his  Service  ;    and  during  the  Time  that  he  ferved    he 
behaved  himfelf  with  exceeding  great  Valour,  even  to  the  very  laft 
A(ft  of  his  Life,  which  happen  d  thus  (/>),  Tfcf  Conjfal^le  of  Fmnce 
having  bejieged  the  City  of  keny,   and  the  Emperor  having  come  to 
their  Relief    Norman  Lef/ie  Mafier  of  Rothes  (fays  my  Author) 
won  great  Reputation,  for  zvith  Thirty  ScotCmen  he  made  ut?  an  Hill 
upon  a  fair  gray  Gelding ;    he  had  above  his  Coat  of  black  Velvet 
his  Coat  of  Armour  wittj  two  broad  white  Crojfes,  the  one  before,  and 
the  other  behind,    with  Sleeves  of  Mail,  and  a  red  Bonnet  upon  his 
Head,  zuhereby  he  zvas  knoivn  and  feen  afar  off  by  the  Con fl able,  the 
J)Hke  of  Anguin,  and  the  Prince  of  Conde,  ivhere,  zvith  his  'Tljirty 
he  charged  upon  Sixty  of  their  Horfcmcn  zoith  Culverings,  followed 
but  with  Seven  of  his  Number  :  He  in  our  Siqht  firuck  Five  of  them 
from  their  Horfes  with  his  Spear,    before  it  broke,    then  he  drew  his 
Szvord,  and  run  in  amongjl  them,  not  valuing  their  continual  fhoot- 
ing,  to  the  Admiration  of  all  the  Beholders :    He  flew   divers  of 
themy    and  at  length,  when  he  faw  a  Company  of  Spearmen  coming 
down  againll  him,  he  gave  his  Horfe  the  Spurs,  who  carried  him  to 
the  Confable,  and  there  fed  down  dead,  for  he  had  many  Shots,  and 
worthy   Norman   was  alfo  pot  in  divers  Parts,    zvhereof  he  died 
Fifteen  Days  after  :    He  was  frfl  carried  to  the  Kings  oivn  Tent., 
tvhere  the  Duke  of  Anguin,  and  Prince  of  Conde  told  his  Maje/ht 
That  Hecflor  of  Troy  was  not  more  valiant  than  the  faid  Norman ; 
tJjhom  the  f aid  King  would  fee  drejfed  by  his  ozvn  Chyrurgeons,  and 
made  great  Moan  for  him  ;  and  jo  did  the  Con  fable,  and  all  the  refl 
of  the  Princes  ;  but  no  Man  made  more  Lamentation  than  the  Lnird 
of  Grange,  who  came  to  the  Camp  the  next  Day  after,  from  aqtiiet 

G  1  Road, 

a   -  - 

C«)  Via.  UP,.  Lib.  10.  V.  )ii.    (*)  Sir  Jmm,,   JU.W.  Mtaoin,  P.  17. 


75  The  Life  of  Cardinal  B  £  A  T  O  N,  Vol.  III. 

rvyv^^    P^oaJ^    whether  he  had  been  commanded.     Now  to  return  to  the 

w«»v^    Cardinal. 

It  mud  be  acknowledged,  Tiiat  he  was  i  Man  of  an  unlimited 
Ambition,  endued  with  good  natural  Parts,  and  well  feen  in  all  the 
Jrs' ch.^-" Parts  of  Literature,  but  of  a  very  irregular  and  difTolutc  Life,  be- 
Af/onnrol  jng  mucli  addicted  to  the  Pleafures  of  the  Fair  Sex,  even  after  his 
h.iworki.  ^3vancemeiu  to  the  Pricfthood  :  And  I  have  by  me  a  Contract  of 
Marriage,  dated  v^/?r//  lOth,  1546,  at  St.  y^ndrews^  betwixt  his 
Daughter  Mi^rgaret  Beaton  and  the  Maftcr  of  Crawford,  he  him- 
felf  confentin^  and  agreeing  to  the  faid  Contract  on  the  one  Hand, 
and  the  Earl  of  Crawford  on  the  other.  He  was  likewife  altogether 
inexcufable  for  putting  to  Death  fo  many  poor  People  for  their 
Religion,  he  himfclf  being  Witncfs  to  the  burning  and  hanging  of 
them,  which  fhewed  that  he  was  naturally  of  a  cruel  and  inhuman 
Temper  :  On  the  other  Hand,  the  Popifh  Writers  give  him  very 
high  Elogiums.  And  fince  we  have  given  the  different  Sentiments 
of  our  Proteftant  Writers  concerning  him,  it  is  but  jufl:  that  we 
fhould  give  an  Account  what  they  have  faid  for  him  in  Dempflers 
Words,  who  tells  us,  that  he  wrote  j4n  Account  of  his  ISlegot  tat  ions 
zvith  the  French  King  and  the  Pope ;  The  Book  of  St.  PeterV  Supre- 
macy over  the  reft  of  the  Apoftles,  which  William  Barclay  the  fa- 
mous Lawyer  had  (ten,  andf,  A  Colle6fion  of  Letters  to  feveral 
Perjons  of  Note  and  Diftindion.  So  I  fhall  conclude  his  Life  with 
J)(rpp(lers  Charadter  of  him. 

David  Betonus  Sanii  Andreaniis  adolejcens  bonarum  artium  cauja 
peregrinatione  fujcepta,  adolejcens  Vsix'iCnsftuduit,  njirfaHus,  Legatus 
ad  Francifcum  Galliarum  Regem,  ^  Paulum  III.  pmclare  ae  Re- 
ligione  Catholic  a  ^  Jm  T  atria  merit  us,  Card ina  lis  creatus  eft  Pref- 
byter  Jub  titido  S.  Stephani  in  Calio  Monte,  Creatio  incidit  in  XII. 
Kalend  Januar.  yinno  MDXXXVIII.  Paulus  Jovius  in  Defcript. 
Scoriae.  Fifa  regie  occurrit  inftgnis  S.  Andrex  urhcy  facrorum  pri~ 
matu,  £5*  Gymnafli  authoritate,  portuque  clarijjima,  cut  hodie  prAeft 
David  'Betonus  purpurei  galeri  dignitate,    vitd  Jplendorey  ac  ingenii 

fravitate  illuftris.  Tantus  hie  Antiftes  a  Sicariis  Hdreticis  in  cu- 
iculo  fuo  ftrangulatus  eft,  percujfori  nomen  pr^cipuo  Lx(\eus,  qui  in 
OS  defunili  minxit,  ornatumque  cadaver  Cardinatitiis  infigniis  parieti 
(tppenjum  variis  contumeliis  ajfecerunt  facrilegi ;  a  quibus  Deus  poftea 
debitas  pcenas  exegit,  nam  nuUus  nefariorum  percujforum  non  vio- 
lenta  morte  extin£ius  eft,  (^  Leflaeus  fternace  equo  deje^tus  interiity 
memorabili  Jane  exemplo  Equus  in  volutantis  os  meiens,  divina  vin- 
di6lA  cert  am  licet  dilatam  aliquandiu  Jeveritatem  oftendit.  Edward 
Hallus,  Lib.  8.  de  duarum  familiar  :  Vnione,  AClum  deinde  Je- 
quenti  Anno  de  tam  indigna  c&de  vindicanda  Jacob.  Auguft.  Thua- 
nus,  Lib.  III.  Hiftoriarum.  Sed  fruftra,  exinde  enim  res 
Ecclefta/iica  retro  in  dies  ferri  ac  HAreticis  vires  crejcerc.  Htijus 
Jmt. 


Vol.  III.  ^rch'BiJhcp  of  St.  Andrews.  29 

De  Le^ationibus  fuis,     Lib',  i.  7f^ 

pe  Prtmatu  PetH.         Lib.  i.  fViJit  G.  Bardaius.        ^^v^ 
£piJloU  ad  dinjtrjos       Lib.  i. 

Martyrium  paffus  eft  die  18*"  Maii,  Jnm  Salut.  MDXLVI.  a 
J{ege  Franciae  Miropenfi  Epijcopatu  donattis.  Sanguis  occifi  a  lapi- 
ditm  feneftrA  elui  delerique  ntquit. 


T  Ji  E 


LIFE  of  FLORENCE  WILSON, 
ProfefTor  of  the  Belle s-Lettres  at  Carpe^ifras^''''^'^^ 
in  Italyi 


LORENCE  WILSON,    fo   well  known  in  the 

Hii  Piteo- 

d 
ucdicn. 


Republic  of  Letters,  by  his  Latin  Name  of  Florentius tJ^t'll 
Folufenus,    was  born  af  El^in,  in  the  County  or  Shire ""'""• 
of  (^Murray,  of  an  lioneft  Parentage  ;  having  learned 
his  Grammar  at  Elgin,    he  was  fent  by  his  Parents  to 
the  Univerfity  of  Aberdeen,  wher6  having  finifhed  the 
Cdurfe  of  his  Studies  in  Philofophy,  he  went  to  f;/^/^;?/:/,  where  he 
had  tlie  good  Fortune  to  be  introduced  to  Cardinal  Wolfey,  who 
finding  him  a  Youth  of  bright  Parts,  made  him  Tutor  or  Preceptor  Htitm,a» 
to  his  Nephew,  witli  whom  lie  went  dver  to  Paris,  and  continued  ord'oli'  "* 
in  that  Station  till  the  Deiath  of  the  Cardinal,  which  happened  upon  Kii. 
the  30th  of  November  1550.     After   this  he   became  acquainted 
with  Cardinal  Bellai  Arch-Bifhop  of  Paris,    a  great  Entourager  of 
Learning  and  learned  Men,  lie  himfelf  being  one  of  the  learnedeft 
Men  of  his  Age,  and  whom^  if  we  may  believe  Michael  de  LHopital 
Chancellor  oh  France,- 'M^d  a  good  Judge  in  thefe  Matters,  he  wrote 
the  Latin  in  Profe  with  as  great  Elegancy  as  Cicero,  and  in  V6rfe  with 
as  great  Majefty  and  charming  Loftinefs  as  Maro  (a). 

Salve  (fays  licj  Pieridum  Mufarum  dulcis  alumne, 
Mignus  conftrtdis  pedibus,    magniijme  Jolntis, 
Alitor  eo  vtncens  Ciceronem^  Virgiliumque. 

To  a  Pcrfon  fo  well  feen  in  Literature,  our  Author,  who  was 
one  of  the  bcrt  Scholars  of  his  Age,  could  not  but  be  very  accep- 
table, and  accordingly  we  find,  tliat  that  Cardinal  had  a  Defign  of 
making  him  Profcflor  Royal  of  the  Greek  and  Liitin  Languages  at 
Pans ;  but  he  falling  into  Difgrace  with  the  King  of  Frdrice,  by  tlie 
Intrigues  of  the  Cardinal  de  Lorain,  Mr.  tVilJort  was  not  only  dif- 
appointed  in  this,    but  loft  a  yearly  Penfion  which  he  had  from 

H  thefe. 

. ..  — -  '■  II  I — • — .-      '11  II 

im)  Vid.  Vvlukauidc 'liinfuailuKinloi.  Diisfft.  Lib.  19.  P.  «;.  Mi(lu«l  <U  L'Hof i«l,  Lib.  1, 


^o""  "The  Lif(  0/ FLORENCE  WltSON.  Voi.  Ilf. 

'i^f^_  thefe  two  Cardinals,  yet  to  fhow  his  Gratitude  to  his  Patron  the 
^A/*^  Cardinal  de  Bellaiy  he  ferved  liim  with  the  fame  firmncfs  and 
He  en^'iAfliduity  when  he  was  under  a  Cloud,  as  when  he  was  in  the  bright 
li«  of  iKeSun-fhine  of  his  Profperity  j  and  the  Cardinal  going  to  Rowt^  he 
B.V/J!"  '  would  needs  accompany  nim  ;  but  in  tlieir  Journey  he  fell  ficlc  at 
w.h whom >^i"Vw«,  where  he  was  obliged  to  (lay  till  he  recovered  his 
t,f°"  '»  Health. 

At  this  Time  Cardinal  Sadolet  Bifhop  of  Carpentras  was  fam'd 
over  all  Europe  for  his  great  Parts,  and  Love  to  all  Perfons  of 
Learning,  and  particularly  for  his  Liberality  in  fupporting  them 
under  their  Difficulties :  So  our  Author  had  no  fooner  recovered 
i"*u^"re7'lii'>  Health,  but  he  went  to  viht  this  illuftrious  Muenas,  who  in  one 
^l^s^Mt'.  of  his  Epiftles  tells  us  (<t),  That,  at  that  Time  towards  the  Evening, 
he  was  uudying  in  his  Library,  when  the  Porter  acquainted  him 
that  a  Stranger  was  calling  for  him,  and  according  to  his  ufual 
Civility  to  all  Strangers,  he  gave  him  immediate  Accefs :  And 
having  asked  him;  What  his  Bufinefs  was  with  him  at  that  Time  of 
the  Night  ?  and  fome  other  Qiieftions  of  that  Nature  ;  He  an- 
fwered  him  fo  pointedly  and  difcreetly,  and  in  (uch  a  charming 
Stile  of  Eloquence,  that  the  Cardinal,  who  was  loath  to  quit 
his  Studies,,  could  not  refifb  the  Temptation  of  difcourfing  further 
With  him  :  So  clofing  the  Book  upon  which  he  was  reading,  he 
turned  himfelf  towards  him,  and  asked  him,  What  Country  Man 
he  was  ?  What  was  his  Profeihon  ?  And,  What  brought  him  to 
Italy  1  To  this  Mr.  Wii\on  replied.  That  by  Birth  he  was  a  Scots 
Man,  one  of  the  mod  northerly  Nations. in  tne  World;  where  then 
(fays  the  Cardinal)  had  you  your  Education  ?  being  extremely  fur- 

{)riz'd  at  the  Elegancy  or  his  Latin.  To  this  his  Aiifwer  was.  That 
le  had  his  Education  in  his  own  Country,  but  going  over  to  Var'ts^ 
he  taught  the  Greek  and  Latin  to  Cardinal  Wolfeys  Nephew  for 
fome  Years,  and  upon  the  Death  of  that  Cardinal,  he  was  fuppor- 
ted  in  liis  Studies  by  the  Cardinal  Je  Bellai  and  Loratn,  who  gave 
him  a  yearly  Penfion ;  that  he  came  to  Italy  with  Cardinal  de  BelUi, 
but  falling  fick  at  ylvigmn,  he  had  not  the  Opportunity  of  going 
with  him  to  Rome.  Then  the  Cardinal  asked  him,  What  had 
brought  him  to  Carpentras  ?  Mr.  Wtljon  anfwered,  That  it  was  to 
fee  him,  who  had  rendred  himfelf  fo  famous  over  the  World  by  his 
learned  Writings :  And  that  he  had  been  informed  at  A'vignon., 
that  he  was  delirous  to  have  one  who  could  teach  the  Latin  and 
Greek  to  the  Children  of  that  City,  which  he  offered  to  do,  not 
that  he  was  defirous  of  fuch  a  troublefom  Employment,  but  that  he 
might  have  the  Honour  of  ferving  him  in  any  Station  he  pleafed 
to  name.  The  next  Day  early  in  the  Morning,  the  Cardinal  went 
to  the  Confuls  of  the  City,  and  acquainted  them  ot  all  that  had 
pail  betwixt  him  and  our  Author,  and  what  a  mighty  Efteem  he  had 
for  him  ;  and  therefore  defired  the  Favour  oF  them,  that  they 
would  dine  with  him  and  Mr.  IVilforty   that  they  themfelves  might 

be 

(«)  Vti.  fip.  ].  ad  Faulum  Sadoleium. 


Vol.  HI.  The  Life  o/' FLORENCE  WILSON.  ji, 

be  Witncdcs  to  liis  great  Learning  j  he  likewife  invited  a  Phyfician  ;;;A^ 
to  Dinner  with  him,  who  was  eftecmcd  one  of  the  learncdcft  Men  A^ 
of  tliat  City  :  After  Dinner  the  Cardinal  cngag'd  Mr.  Wtljon  in  a 
Difpute  upon  fome  Points  of  Philofophy  rvith  this  Phyfician,  in 
which  ho  acquit  hinifelf  to  Admiration ;  and  the  Cardinal  takes 
particular  Notice  of  one  Argument  that  he  had  propos'd  to  the 
Phyfician,  which  fo  perplex'd  him,  that  he  could  find  noAnfwerto 
it ;  but  Mr.  Wtljon^  fays  he,  asking  Permiftion  to  give  his  Opinion 
of  it,  gave  a  moft  learned  and  fatisfacftory  Anfwer.  And  in  one 
Word,  all  of  them  were  fo  well  pleafed  with  him,  that  tliey  imme-  whon^ku 
diately  made  Choice  of  him  to  be  their  ProfefTor  in  the  Greek  and  onhV'B'HM 
Latin  Languages,  allowing  him  an  hundred  Piftoles  a  Year  for  hiscilT"*'"- 
Salary.  This  is  the  Subftance  of  what  this  Illuflrious  Cardinal 
acquaints  his  Friend  Paul  Sadolet  of,  in  one  of  his  Letters  to  him : 
The  fame  Cardinal  in  one  of  his  Letters  to  the  Cardinal  of  Lorain^ 
recommends  our  Author  after  a  moft  obliging  Manner,  and  after 
he  has  acquainted  him  of  his  Studies  in  mc  Belles-Lettres  dindVVii' 
lofophy,  he  is  very  earneft  with  him  to  renew  and  continue  the 
Penlion  which  he  had  fettled  upon  him  at  Paris^  as  appears  from 
the  i(5th  Epiftle  of  the  6th  Book  of  Cardinal  J'rt^yo/fr's  Letters,  where 
he  has  thefe  Words,  Non  putavi  moleJ!um  tibi  me fadurum  ft  turn 
horninem,  tibi  commendajjew^  quern  in  friwis  dignum  tua  bencvolen- 
tia  ejje  arbitror'.  Florentius  Volufcnuf,  natione  Scotus,  Elegantia 
morum  ^  Literis  Latiniffimus  :  De  cjmo  hominejane  agendum  pancis 
tecum  f/?,  quippe  qui  tibi  probe  not  us  Jit,  (^  tuA  bonitatis  ope  ac  Jub- 
fidio  literayum  Studiis  Lutetiac  aliquantum  tempus  operam  dederit. 
Is  cum  fuperioribus  menjibus  urbis  Romx  vifunda  jludio  fiagrans,  de 
tua  njoluntate,  cum  Collega  tuo  Joanne  Bellaio,  njiro  ornatijjimo,  in 
njiam  fe  dedijfet,  atque  Avenionem  ujque  ejfet  pervedfus  :  ibi  adverfa 
•valetudine  ^  inopia  rerum  necejfariarum  Jubfifiere  efi  compuljus  : 
pauloque  pojl  ad  me  fe  contulit.  Q»_em  ego,  quanquam  pertenuis  £5* 
magnis  reifamiliaris  difjicHltatibus  ajfedusy  jucunde  tamen  comiterque 
accept,  cognitoque  mox  hominis  ingemo,  ^  natura  ingenua  liberalique 

psrjpeda^  etiam  in  honore  deinde  habui.  •    ■"■  Et  paulo  poft. Sid  ut 

to  redeam  unde  diverti ;  Florentius  mecum  nunc  Carpentoradi  efiy 
maximoque  animo  ^  incredibiii  ajfiduitate  optimis  literis,  pr/cjer- 
timque  Philojophia  dat  operam  :  mihique  in  quotidiana  confuetudine 
admodum  jucundus  (f  gratus  ejl.  Te  porro  dominum  ^  patronum 
prddicat  ipfe  ac  profitetur.-^'-^  Eum  ergo  tu&  fidei,  bonitati  liber ali- 
tatique  commendo  :  (^  abs  te  vehementer  peto,  ut  quando  ipfe  non 
Minus  hie  fludia  do^rinA  perfequitur,  quam  Jl  Lutetia;  efjet,  njelis  pro 
tua  pr&flanti  liberalique  natura,  earn  mercedem  annuam  illi  falvam 
d's  te  ejJe,  quam  jampridem  conflituijli  j  hoc  cum  tua  amplitudiney 
gfiicrifque  tui  ac  virtutis  gloria  max f me  aignum  eft,  turn  mihi  cefte 

fafiurus  ts  gratijfimum. ^5^6. 

It  was  during  this  Time  that  our  Author  compos'd  his  excellent  AnAocoant 
Book  upon  the  Tranquility  of  the  Mind,  which  he  wrote  by  Way  of  "f, he  -^j! 
J^ialogue  betwixt  himfelf,   Francis  Michatl  a  Patrician  of.  lMca^XI^]°''^ 

H  Z  and 


^1  r/?f  L//f  o/ FLORENCE  WILSON.  Vol.  /If. 

C*"''^*^    and  Demetrius  Caracalia  ;    in  the  Becinnin"'  he  tells  Imn,  that  be- 
^^V'*^    fore  he  went  from  his  Native  Country,    lie  was  one  Day  walking 

upon  the  Banks  of  the  River  Lojjie,    with  his  intimate  Fricnci  Mr. 

John  Ogilvit  Re(5^or  of  the  Church  of  Crodan,  a  Man  oi  excellent 

Learning  :  Tliey  took  the  Occafion  to  talk  of  an  iiappy  Life  from 

ihefe  Words  of  Horace. 

Qm  ft  Mxcenas  ut  nemo  quam  Jlbi  Jorteni 
Sen  ratio  demerit,  Jen  for s  objccerit.,  ilia 
Contentus  vi^uat,  lauaet  diverfa  fequentes  ? 
Whence  comes  (my  Lord)  this  general  Difcontenr, 
Why  all  diflike  the  State  that  Chance  hath  fent, 
Or  their  own  Choice  procure,  why  all  repent  ? 

Horatius,  Sat.  i. 

But  referving  it  to  the  next  Day,  they  parted ;  and  the  next 
Adorning  our  Author  tells  of  a  Dream  that  he  had  that  Night,  where- 
in he  thought  that  he  faw  a  magnificent  Temple,  and  coming  nigh 
to  the  Gates,  he  perceives  a  venerable  old  Man  like  Democritus^ 
or  fome  of  the  Ancient  Sages  oi  Greece  :  and  asking  him.  To  whom 
that  (lately  Edifice  belonged  .''  for  to  him  it  feem'd  confecrated  to 
fome  God  :  The  venerable  old  Man  anfwered  him  in  Latin,  but 
with  a  Grecian  Accent,  that  he  was  not  deceived,  and  defired  him 
to  look  to  the  Infcription  above  die  Door,  where  he  read  in 
Greek, 

The  TEMPLE  0/ TRANCIUILITY. 

Then  asking  him,  if  he  might  be  permitted  to  enter  into  that 
facied  Place.  Ho  told  him,  that  it  was  a  difficult  Thing  ;  but  finding 
that  he  had  an  Inclination  to  the  Ways  of  Virtue,  he  would  do 
him  that  Favour;  and  taking  him  by  the  Fiand,  he  led  him  into 
the  Porch  of  the  Temple,  fupported  by  eight  Pillars  of  curious 
Workmanfhip  ;  upon  each  of  which  there  were  Grecian  Infcriprions: 
Then  the  old  Man  addrefling  himfel'f  to  Jiim,  told  him,  that  before 
he  cntred  into  the  Temple  of  Tranquility,  that  it  was  neceifary  that 
lie  fhould  make  a  Commentary  upon  each  of  thefe  Infcriprions 
that  were  engraved  upon  the  Pillars,  which  if  he  kept  well  in  Mind, 
he  migiit  have  an  eafy  Accefs  to  the  Temple,  which  our  Author 
Jiaving  promifed  to  do,  he  led  him  to  the  firfl:  Pillar,  beginning  at 
the  lett  Hand.  And  here  our  Author  gives  us  all  thefe  Infcriptions 
in  Greek.,  which  I  fhall  render  mto  Englijh  for  the  Reader's  Inftru(5ti- 
on  and  Satisfa(5fion. 

On  the  Firft  was,     There  ts  not  a  more  glorious  Study  than  to 
accomplijh  ourjelves  with  what  is  truly  Accomplijhing. 

On  the  Second,  We  ought  to  be  tnfiruded  in  the  Knowledge  of 
ivhat  is  truly  Good. 

On  the  Third,     That  we  are  not  to  look  upon  Things  that  are  none 
of  ours,  (or  at  the  Difpofal  of  Fortune)  as  tf  they  were  our  own. 

On  the  Fourth,   'Tts  in  vain,  and  below  us  to  J eek  for  Peace  from 
txternal  Things. 

On 


Vol.  III.  The  Lije  0/  FLOK £N C h  W  1  LbO  N.  2, 


Ai).  I  ^^^^ 


On  the  fifth,     Never  to  think  of  our  Jelves,  pleafe  our  Jehes,  orC^^-^ 
dejbife  others  too  much. 

On  the  Sixth,     Since  you  are  the  Servant,  and  not  the  Majier  of 
Providence,  obej  willingly  and  cheerfully. 

On  tlic  Seventh,     Rather  wijh  your  felf  what  you  are,    than  any 
Thing  elfe,  and  upon  this  (^Account  efleem  your  felf  happy. 

On  tlie  Eii^hth  and  Laft,     Vfe  Exercife  andConverfe,  hut  above 
all,  examine  flri6lly  your  felf. 

After   this   the  old  Man  dcHr'd  him  to   look  to  the  Infcriptjon 
upon  the  Frontis-piece  of  the  Temple,  where  he  read  thefe  Words, 
Blejjed  are  they   zvho  dwell  in  this  Houfe. 
On  tlie  Entry  to  the  Church  were  two  Pillars,  on  one  of  which 
was  engraven,     Know  thy  felf.     And  on  tlie  other.     Know  God. 

Upon  the  Arch  which^  join'd  thefe  two  Pillars  was  the  Jmat^e  of 
a  God-like  young  Man  with  a  Crown  of  Thorns  upon  his  Head, 
and  his  Side,  Hands  and  Feet  bearing  the  Scars  of  Wounds,  and 
his  whole  Body  all  over  bloody,  and  towards  his  Head  defcending 
fas  it  were)  from  the  Heavens,    thefe   Words, 

Tljis  is  my  beloved  Son  in  -whom  I  am  zvell  plcafed^  hear  you  him. 
Below   his  Feet   were  engraven   thefe    Words, 
/  am  the   If'ay,    the  Truth  and  the  Life. 
This  is  the  Defcriptioli  that  our  Author  gives  us  of  the  Chanoinr^ 
Cathedral  Cliurcli  of  Elg^in,  under  the  Notion  of  the  Temple  of 
Tranquility.    And  our  Author's  Book  is  nothing  but  a  Commentary 
drawn  from  the  wife  Sayings  and  Writings  of  the  Ancient  Moralifts 
Grecians,  Latins  and  Fathers  of  t'.ie  Church,  and  is  fo  judiciouDy 
done,    that  it  is  juflly  cfteem'd  by  the  Learned,    and  a  mafterly 
Performance  of  its  Kind. 

At  Lengtli,  after  our  Autiior  had  taught  the  Belles-Lettres  and 
Philofophy  for  feveral  Years  in  Italy,  he  took  a  Longing  for  his 
own  Country,  and  wrote  a  Letter  to  Cardinal  Sadolet,  gfv  ii^^  him 
an  Account  of  his  Defigns,  and  asking  his  Advice  ho\\rhe  fhould 
beliave  himfelfin  relation  to  rhcDifputesand  Differences  tliat  were 
then  in  Agitation  in  liis  own  Country,  concerning  tlie  Matters  of 
Religion  :  Upon  which  die  Cardinal  returned  him\i  lon^  Letter  (a)y 
Part  of  wiiich  I  fhall  here  infert,  as  containing  the  Sentiments  thac 
that  learned  Prelate  had  of  oiu'  Author's  real  Wordi  and  Probity. 

Bum  (fiiys  he)  qui  fuperioribus  diebus  tuas  ad  me  attulit  litteras, 
teflimonio  tuo  addudus,  libentcr  vidi :  opemcjue  Hit  (^ Jiudium  meum 
detuli ;  ut  mult  urn  apud  me  valuijje  commendationcm  tuam  facile  in- 
telligere  potuerit.  Nee  t€  tua  fane,  quam  de  me  hahes  fefellit  opinio. 
Sumus  enim,  femperme  fuimus,  ad  bene  de  doilis  ^  probis  hominibtii 
merendum,  fi  minus  opibus  ^  facultat4bus  inflruili,  at  certe  naturd 
fiudioque  propcnfi  ac  paraU.  Te  quidem,  quern  ^  optimis  artibui 
eruJitum,  ^  in  his  de  religionc  dijjenftonibus  optime  fentientcmfemper 
judtcavimus,  eo  quo  debemus  fudto  atque  amore  profequimur.  Jtaiiui 
quod  Jentent  tarn  exquiris  nojlram,  quam  viam,   cum  in  patria  tud 

I  confli- 


(«)  Vm).  tf.O.  ij.  uv,  ,«, 


34  T7;<r  Life  0/ FLORENCE  WILSON.  Vol.  (ff. 

^^^^^  conftiterisy  qua  maxtmas  de  Religione  content  tones  ejje  fcril'is,  tnfflere 
v^'*v  f{e[ieas  :  Nos  id  tibi  conjilii  dubimHs,  quod  ^  amore  noflro  er^a  te, 
^  'virtiite  (^  pietate  tua  dignum  ft  :  ^Imd  tarnen  a  te  janiprtden* 
caption  ejje  Mini  we  dubitar/jus  ♦*♦♦♦,  Scd  hxc^  ut  'uoliintati  tux 
objcqnerer^  mn  quod  te  piitarern  de  luis  rebus  non  optime  ^Jentire  ^ 
tecum  Jfatuijfe,  jam  attigi.  Tu  njelirn  benevolent  tarn  erga  rue  tmim 
conjerves  :  Tantut/ique  dc  cmimo  ^  njoUmtate  mea  tibi  polUcenre  no 
Jpondeas,  quant um  'virtus  ^  probitas  f^  njetus  tuum  erga  me  fudium 
pofuliit.  Vale,  Ronice,  1546. 
„    ,      Our  Author  beine  upon  his  Return  to  Scotland,  fickncd  at  Viene 

Hii  Denh  ,  .  I      I        1    ■         I         r«        •        •  1-     1        V 

•na  ch.u-  in  Paiiphin)',  and  died  111  the  Beginning  or  the  Year  1547. 

Tims  died  Florence  Wiljon,  a  Man  liighly  efteenied  For  his  Know- 
Icd'^e  in  tiie  Latin  and  Greek  Languages,  wliich  he  wrote  and  fpoke 
to  Admiration  ;  as  likewife  for  his  great  Knowledge  in  Philofbphy, 
and  his  admirable  Vein  in  Poetry,  which  gain'd  him  not  only  the 
Efteem  o(  tour  oF  the  learnedefl  and  greatell:  Cardinals  oFhis  Age, 
but  oF  all  the  learned  Men  in  Europe  in  his  Time.  Our  Buchanan 
has  honoured  his  Aihes  with  the  Following  Epitaph  j; 

Hie  niujis  Volufeiie  jaces  charijftme  ripam 
Ad  Rhodani,  terra  quam  procul  a  patria  ? 

Hoc  meruit  'virtus  tua,  tellus  quA  foret  altrix 
Virtutum,  ut  cineres  conderet  ilia  tttos. 

Dempjler  tells  us,  That  he  wrote  a  Book  upon  Arijiotle's  Philo- 
fophy,  and  calls  his  Book  De  animi  Tranquillitate,  De  Confolatione, 
alluding  to  Boetius's  Book  De  Confolatione  rhilofophia.  And  in  the 
Catalogue  oF  Thuanus's  Library,  there  is  a  Theological  Book  of 
his  mentioned,  Faid  to  be  printed  by  Sebaflian  Grypheus  in  the 
Year  I5?9-  And  the  firft  Edition  oF  our  Author's  Book,  upon  the 
Tranquility  oF  the  Mind,  was  publiflied  by  the  Fame  Grypheus,  in 
which  there  are  (everal  Miftakes,  but  many  more  in  the  Editions  oF 
the  Hague  and  Leyden  ;  all  which,  are  correcf^ed  in  the  Edinburgh 
Edition  by  Mr.  Freebairn,  1707. 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

I.  "T^E  animi  Tranquillitate,  Lugd.   154J.  ^   Edin.    1707.  in 

p   J    ^'VO. 

n.  Poemata,  Lond.  161^.  i^to. 

III.  Commentatio   quxdam  T'heologica  quA  eadem  precatio  eji,    in 

Aphorifmos  dijje^a,  pfr°Seba£  Gryph.  So/o.  1 539.  vid.  Cat.  Lib. 
Thuan. 

IV.  Philojophix  Ariftotelicae  S^nop/isy  Lib.  4, 

THE 


•nd  Edoci*. 
tiob. 


Vol.  III.  "77 

I      ti.     Ld  An.  ijjf. 

LIFE  of  SirDAVID  LINVSAYof 
the  Mounts  Lyon  King  at  Arms. 

I  R  David  Lindfay  of  the  Mount;  Co  called  from  his  pa- 
I  rernal  Inheritance  near  Coupar  in  the  Shire  of  Fife  where  p.Hni.ge"'' 
he  was  born,  in  the  Reign  of  King  James  IV.  was 
dcfcended  from  an  ancient  Family,  and  had  his  Education 
__  at  the  Univerfity  of  St.  Andrews,  where,  after  he  had 
fini/hed  the  Courfe  of  his  Studies  in  Philofophy,  for  his  further 
Improvement,  his  Parents  fent  him  Abroad  ;  and  having  travelled 
(as  he  himfelf  tells  usj  through  England,  France,  Italy  and  Ger- 
many, he  returned  to  his  native  Country  about  the  Year  1 514.  Not 
long  after  his  Return,  he  was  made  one  of  the  Gentlemen  of  the 
King's  Bed-Chamber,  and  the  Care  of  the  young  Prince,  King 
James  V.  was  committed  to  him,  as  a  Perfon  well  k&n  in  all  the 
Cuftoms,  Manners  and  Languages  of  the  Nations  through  wiiich  he 
had  travelled  ;  and  confequently  the  fitteft  Perfon  in  the  Nation 
to  be  about  the  young  Prince :  And  how  careful  and  diligent  he 
was  in  the  Truft  committed  to  him,  we  learn  in  the  Epiftle  prefixt 
to  his  Dream,  where,  addrefling  himfelf  to  the  King,  he  fays, 

When  thou  was  young,   J  hare  thee  in  my  jirm 

Fuli  tenderly,  till  thou  began  to  gang, 

And  in  thy  Bed  oft  hatbtt  thee  fuU  war m^ 

With  Lute  in  Hand,  dtd  Jweetty  to  thee  Jang. 
And  in  his  Complaint  to  tlie  King,    he  intreats  his  Majefty  to 
confider,  diat  he  had  rewarded  many, 

That  were  full  far  to  feek 

When  I  lay  nightly  by  thy  Cheek. 

J  take  the  ^lueeris  Grace,  thy  Mother^ 

(^My  .  Lord  Chancellour,  and  many  other, 

Thy  Nurfe  and  thy  old  Miftris, 

J  take  them  all  to  bear  Witnejs. 

Old  Willie  Dullie,   zvere  he  alive, 

My  Life  full  well  he  could  defcrive, 

Wno,  as  a  Chapman  bears  his  Packy 

I  bare  thy  Grace  upon  my  Back. 

The  frfi  Syllabes  that  thou  didji  mute 

Was  Da,  da,  Linie :  upon  the  Lute 

Thee  plaid  I  twenty  Springs  perqueer^ 

Which  were  great  Pleafurt  for  to  hear. 

From  Play  thou  never  letji  me  rejiy 

(But  Ginkertoun  thou  lov  d  ay  bejl ; 

.jind  when  thou  came  ft  from  the  School, 

Then  I  behov'd  to  play  the  Fooi 

-^  li  In 


nudon. 


P         T/;f  Life  of  i"/r  i:)  A  V  I  J:)  L  I  N  n  S  A  Y  of  the  Mount.      Vol.  Iff. 

''^^^^^  In  his  voiinL;cr  Years  lie  was  advanced  to  feveral  honourable 
^A!/^  I-mploynicnts,"  bcin"  made  Lyon  Kin^  at  Arms,  Steward  o^  the 
H.  isp..  Houfhold,  rurfe-maller,  Trealiirer,  Uiher  and  Gentleman  of  the 
vc'r'/i'rm'^'" Bed-chamber  to  the  King;  all  which  we  learn  from  himfeh,  in  the 
pioimcnti.  j-yijQ^^,jj,„  Lines,  prefixt'to  his  Dream,  and  addrcfl  to  the  King. 

Si/ice  thy  Birth,  I  haie  conttnualiie 

Been  exercisd,  and  ay  to  thy  Pleajure, 
ylnd  \hfic times  Steward^    Capper  and  Carver, 
Th)  Pttrje-fniijler,  and  Jecret  Treafarer, 
Tfjyn  Vjher  ay  fince  thy  Nativitie, 
yind  thy  Chambers  chief  Cubicular, 
Which  to  this  Hour  hath  kept  me  late 
Li'uin^  ie  the   blejjed  Trinitie  ; 
Thatfuch  a  zvrctched  Worm  hath  made  fo  able. 
To  (tich  a  Prince  to  be  Jo  agreeable. 
He  ii  dif.     All  which  Places  he  was  deprived  of  in  the  Year  1555,    faving 
fJvourmI'    that  of  Lyon  King  at  Arms,  which  he  enjov'd  till  his  Death.     This 
iSeRcfot-  ^^^  likewife  learn  from  himfelf  in  his  Complaint  to  the  King,  where 
he  fays, 

albeit  J  fand  in  great  Doubt ance, 
Whom  1  Jhall   blame  for  my  Mifchance  ; 
M'hether  Satuinus  Crueltie 
Reigning  in  my  Nati'uitie 
By  bad  (tAffeits,  which  zvork  Vengeance^ 
Or  other  heavenly  Influence  : 
Or  if  it  be  predejiinate, 
Jn   Court  to  be  unfortunate. 
Which  had  fo  long  in  Service  been 
Continually  with  King  and  ^lueen  : 
yfnd  entring  to   thy  Majefie 
The  Day  of  thy  Nativitte. 
Where,   tho    my   Friends    been    nJhamJ, 
(t4nd  zvith  my   Foes  J  am  defam'd  : 
Seeing  that  I  am  not  regarded, 
dy^na  zvith  my  Brethren  of  Court  rewarded. 
Our  Hiftorians  fay,  That  the  Cau(e  of  our  Author's  Difgrace,  was 
the  Favours  that  he  bore  to  tiie  Reformers,    and  the  Reformation, 
and  the  bitter  Invec1:ives  that  he  made  againft  the  Clergy,    which 
are  to  be  found  in  the  mofl:  of  .all  his  Works.     After  the  Death  of 
Kin"    fames  V.  our  Author  became  a  Favourite  of  the  Earl  of 
oArran,  who  was  madeGovernour  of  the  Kingdom  ;  but  by  Means 
of  his  Brotiier  die  Abbot  of  Paifley,    afterwards   Arch-Bifhop  of 
St.  Andreivs,  he  was  quickly  turn'd  out  of  his  Favours.     After  which 
he  retired  to  his  Country  Seat,  where  he  fpent  the  Remnant  of  his 
Days  in  innocent  Diverfions  of  a  Country  Life. 

This  Gentleman  has  obliged  his  Country  witli  feveral  Writings, 
of  which  I  fhall  give  the  Reader  a  brief  Account,  mofl  of  which 
are  all  in  Burlefque  Rythmes  in  the  printed  Edition  of  his  Works. 

Thev 


Vol.  III.      rije  Life  0/  i'/r  D  A  V I D  L I N  D  S  A  Y  0/  the  Mounc.  57 

They  are  tiius  placed,  A  Dialogue  of  the  mtJeraUe  Ejlate  of  the^^^ 
World,  betwixt  Experience  and  the  Courtiers,  divided  into  four  ^A^' 
'Booh,  or  four  Monarchies.  The  Tefiament  and  Complaint  of  our  c*  hu  worU 
Sovereign  Lord  King  James  V's;  Papingo.  His  Dreams,  directed 
to  his  Sovereign  Lord  King  James  V.  His  Complaint  unto  the  Kings 
Grace.  Tlje  Tragedy  of  David  Beaton  Arch-Bifop  of  St.  Andrews. 
The  Deplorationof  the  Death  of  Qjnen  Magdalen.  An  An  fiver  to 
the  Kings  Fitting,  The  Complaint  and  Confejjion  of  Bafh  the  Kmf's 
old  Hound,  direded  to  Batie  and  his  Companions.  A  Supplication  to 
the  Kings  Grace,  in  contempt  of  fide  Tails  and  muz,zjle  Faces. 
KatieV  Confejfion.  The  fu fling  hetloixt  James  Watfon  and  John 
Barbour,  Servitors  to  King  James  V-  All  thefe  are  in  Verfe,  and 
have  been  feveral  Times  printed ;  but  the  oldeft  that  I  have  feen, 
is  that  in  the  Year  1 540,  but  the  laft  is  that  o( Glafgow  i6<)6.  The 
Dialogue  betwixt  Experience  and  the  Courtiers  was  printed  at 
Copenhagen  i<)')lmi\io,  a  Year  before  his  Death  :  Befides  all  thefe 
wc  have  mentioned,  tliere  is  likewife  in  Print  a  Satyr  upon  the  Three 
Eftates   in  Commendation  of  Virtue,    and  Vituperation  of  Vice, 

ftrinted  at  Edinburgh  by  Andrew  Hart,  i(5oi,  in  %vo.  We  have 
ikewife  feveral  Works  of  his  in  Alanufcripts,  the  chief  of  which  are 
fome  Fragments  of  Plays  adled  at  Coupar,  on  the  Ca-lle-HiU,  be- 
twixt Leith  and  Edinburgh,  a  Colledion  of  Matters  belonging  to 
the  Scots  Court  of  Honour,  in  Folio,  among  Sir  James  Balfour's 
Manufcripts  in  the  Lawyers  Library,  Inftrucftions  to  be  obfervcd  by 
Officers  at  Arms  within  the  Kingdom  of  Scotland,  in  Folio,  ibidem. 
And  Lindfay  of  Pitfcottie  tells  us.  That  he  wrote  the  Hiftory  of 
Scotland,  which  I  fuppofe  is  now  loft.  Wc  have  ftili  extant  the 
Hiftory,  and  Teftament  of  Efquire  Meldrum,  whicii  he  publifhed 
without  putting  his  Name  to  it.  This  Gentleman  died  towards  the  ^"^'^ 
latter  End  ot  tlie  Year  i  $^^,  being  very  aged.  He  was  a  great  Mafter  "fler. 
of  the  Greek,  Latin,  French,  It(?liansind  German  La.ngua.ges,  a  good 
Hiftorian,  well  feen  in  Herauldry,  and  one  of  the  moft  celebrated 
EngliJhVotts  of  his  Time:  He  was  well  acquainted  with  the  Poets 
that  lived  in  that  Age,  but  efpecially  with  thofe  of  his  Own  Coun- 
try, of  whom  he  gives  the  following  Account  in  his  Preface  to  the 
Complaint  of  the  Papingo. 

Who  can  now  the  Wcrks  counterfeit 
Of  Kennedy,  with  Terms  aureat 
Of  zvife  Dunbar,  who  Language  had  at  large, 
nAs  may  be  feen  into  his  golden  Targe. 
Qiiintin,  Mercer,  Roul,  Hay,  Henderfon  and  Holland, 
Tl}d  they  be  dead,  their  Works  are  liveand, 
Wfjich  to  rehearfe,  make  Readers  to  rejoice. 
Alace  for  once  that  Laing  ivas  in  this  Landj 
Of  Eloquence  the  flowing  balmy  Strand : 
And  in  our  Englifli  Rhethorick  the  Roje, 
At  of  Rubies  the  Carbuncle  is  choife. 

K 


"p  The  Life  Sir  DAVID  LINDSAY  of  the  Mount.       Vol^  111. 

a/^ssI  -^"^  ^^  rhabus  doth  Cynthia  precel, 

'A'^"  So  Gavin  Douglafs,  Bifhop  of  Dunkell  ; 

u4nd   when  he  ions  into  this  Land  alive^ 
u4bove  njHigar  Poets  Prerogative, 
iBoth  in  Pradick,    Speculation. 
I  fay  no  more,  food  Readers  may  dijcrinjc 
(By  his   worthy  Works  more  than  five  : 
Jind  fpecially  the  true  Tranfiation 
Of  Virgil,  which  has  been    Confolation, 
*7o  cunning  Men,  to  know  his  great    Ingine, 
uis  ivell  ms  natural  Science,    as  Divine, 
^nd  in  the  Court  been  prefent  in  thefe  Days 
That  Ballads,  Brieves,  luflily  and  layes. 
Which  to  our  Prince  daily  they    do  prefent. 
Who  can  fay  more  than  Sir  ];imcs  Engli(h/^)i/, 
///  Ballads,  Farces,  and  in  pleafant  Plays  .<* 
But  Culrofs    hath  his  Pen  made  impotent. 
Rid  in  Cunning,  and  Patrick  right  prudent  j 
u4nd  Stewart,    zuho  defires  a  ftately  Style, 
Full  order  d  Works  daylie  doth   Compile. 
Stewart    of  Lorn  lotll  carp  mo(i  curioufly, 
Calbreith,  Kinloch,  luhen  they  lifi  them  apply^ 
Into  that  ytrt,    are  crafty  of  Ingine. 
But  novj  of  late  has  flart  up  heaflily 
^  cunning  Clerk,  which  writeth  craftily^ 
A  Plant  of  Poets,  caltd  Ballantin, 
Whoje  ornat  Writs  my  Wit  cannot  defyne  ; 
Get  he  into  the  Court  Authority, 
He  will  precel  Quintin  and  Kennedy. 
By  what  we  have  cited  of  our  Author's  Poetry,  the  Reader  may 
judge  of  It ;  but  he  has  the   Honour  of  being  the  firft  who  intro- 
duced dramatick  Poetry  into  Scotland,  he  having  nor  only  compos'd 
feveral  Tragedies  and  Comedies,  but  likewife  was  a  principal  Acftor 
himfelf  in  them,    tho'  he  underftood  little  or  nothing  of  the  Rules 
of  the  Theatre,  his  Comedies  and  other  Poeius  being  rather  Ledfures 
of  Debauchery  than  Virtue ;  but  wrote  after  fuch  a  facetious  Manner, 
that  they  afforded  Abundance  of  Mirth.    Some  Fragment  of  thefe 
Comedies  we  have  ftill  extant  in  Manufcripts  in  a  curious  Colledi- 
on  of  Scots  Poems  belonging  to  Mr.  William  Carmichael,    Brother 
to  the  Right  Honourable,  the  Ead  o(  Hyndford,  of  which  we  (hall 
give  a  more  particular  Account  aftenvards  ;    one  of  them  is  Pag. 
1 64,  where  we  find  thefe  Words,    Here  begins  the  Proclamation  of 
the  Play  made  by  Sir  David  Lindfay  of  the  Mount,   Knight  in  the 
Play-Field,  in  the  Tear  of  God  151 5.     Another  is  Pag.  168,  where 
we  find  thefe  Words,  Here  begins  Sir  David  LindfayV  Play,  made  in 
/l;f  Green-Side  beftde  Edinbur^i,  zvhilk  }  write  (fays  the  Tranfcriber) 
hut  portly  he  interludes,   leavan  the  grave  chatters  thereof,  becaufe 
the  famen  Ahufe  is  well  reformed  m  Scotland.     Befides  thefe,  we 

have 


Vol.  III.     rheLifeofSlrT^^VlDLll^DShXofthe  Mount.         39 

have  flill  a  MS.  a  very  fair  Collection  of  Matters  relating  to  thc'^.•^-o 
Scots  Court  of  Honour,  in  Foltd,  and  Injun(5lions  to  be  oblerv'd  by^^^)^' 
Officers  at  Arms  within  the  Kingdom  of  Scotland,  in  Rlio,  in  the 
fame  Library.     Dr.  Johnfton  {a)  in  his  Infcriptions  upon  the  Scots 
Heroes,  has  the  following  Epigram  upon  our  Author,    with  which 
I  fhall  conclude  his  Life  and  Charadler. 

cPkfeUiJitii  cantu,  Syren  dulcijjimd,  qualem 

Scotigena;  Aonidts  ^  recinunt  o  amam, 
Velicix  return,  tittdloque  ac  nomine  regis 
Hoc  f tier  at  nato,  quod  fuit  ante  patri 
Cluam  Mufis  charus^  quam  diis  quoque  regibui  olini 
Tarn  'vera  flacuit  religione  Deo. 

(«)  Vii.  Johnftoo  Hcioci,  P.  17. 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works* 

I.  \    Dialogue  of  the  mijerahle  Eftate  of  the  World,  betwixt  Ex- 
XjL       pcrjence  and  the  Courtier,  divided  into  four  Books,  or 

four  Monarchies. 

II.  The  Tef'iment  and  Complaint  of  our  Sowreign  Lord  ICtng  ]a.mes 

the  Fifth's  Papingo. 

III.  His  Dream,  diredeato  his  Sovereign  Lord  King  James  the  Fifth. 

IV.  Hts  Complaint  unto  the  Kings  Grace. 

V.  The  Tragedy  of  David  Beaton  Cardinal  and  Arch-Bifhop  of 

St.  Andrews* 

VI.  Declaration  of  the  Death  of  ^ueen  Magdalen* 

VII.  y^n  ^njwer  to  the  Kings  Fating. 

VIII.  The  Complaint  and  Confejjion  o/^Bafli  the  Kings  old  Houndy 

direded  to  Batie  and  his  Companions. 

IX.  j4  Supvlication  to  the  Kings  Grace,   in  Contempt  of  fide  Tails 

and  muZiZjle  Faces. 

X.  KatieV  Confefton. 

XI.  The  Jufing  between  jSimesVJsitCondnd  John  BsixhouT,  Servitor; 

to  Ktng  James  the  Fifth.  All  thefe  are  in  Verfe,  and  as  I  have 
obferved  in  his  Life,  have  been  feveral  Times  printed,  but  the 
oldeft  that  oi  Edinburgh,  1 540,  in  8vo.  The  Dialogue  betwixt 
Experience  and  the  Courtier,  was  printed  at  Copenhagen  in 
4to,  in  1551. 

XII.  j^  Satyr  upon  the  Three  Eflates,  in  Commendation  of  VirtuSy 
and  Vituperation  of  Vice,  printed  at  Edinbugh  by  Andrew 
Hart,  1601,  in  8vo. 

XIII.  Some  Fragments  of  Plays  aCfed  at  Coupar,  on  the  Caftle-Hill, 
andbetwtxtLQ'\i\\  <;w^ Edinburgh,  /'«  Air.  William  CarmichaelV 
MS.  Collection  of  Scots  Poems,  Pa/.  idA  and  i6Z- 

K  I  TdY.Tht 


40  The  Catalogue  of  his  Works.  Vol.  11/. 

<;:^^   XIV.  The  Hijlor^j  and  Tepment  of  EJcjiiire  Mcldrum  at  hdinburt'h, 
^'V"^  Idol,  8vo. 

XV.  yi  Collection  of  Matters  belonging  to  the  Scots  Court  of  Honour 
in  MS.  in  Folio,  amongSir  Jrtw«i?fl//^o«r'sManu(cripts  in  the 
Lawyers  Library  at  Edinburgh. 

XVI.  InjiuiiHons  to  be  obferved  by  Officers  at  oArms  within  the 
Kingdom  of  Scotland,  /«. Folio,  tUdern. 

XVII.  A  Hiflory  of  Scotland,  MS. 


THE 

LIFE  of  Sir  JAMES  INGLIS,  Knight. 

A"      1^     ^'yniS  Gentleman  was  defcended  from  an  Ancient 
Hii  B.tth,  n  Family  in  the  Shire  ot  Ftfs,  where  he  was  born  in 

parentage  ^ma  i  "^  /-        ■  «-f 

•nd  tduc».  B  the  Reign  or  Kine   fames  IV.     He  had  his  Edu- 

■|  cation  at  the  Univerlity  or  St.  Andrews.,   wiiere, 

JBl  he  had  finifhed  the  Courfe  of  his  Studies,  he  was 

fent  by  ms  Parents,  for  his  further  Improvement,  over  to  Parisy 
and  returned  to  Scotland  in  the  Reign  of  King  James  V.  Into  whofe 
Favour  he  ingratiate  himfelf  by  his  Knowledge  in  Poetry,  having 
compos'd  feveral  Tragedies,  Comedies,  and  other  Poems  that  were 
very  highly  applauded  by  the  bed  Judges  of  that  Age.  Upon  the 
Death  of  King  James  V.  he  join'd  with  the /"/-ifw/;  Fadion,  in  Oppo- 
fition  to  the  projecfed  Marriage  betwixt  the  Infant  Queen  of  Scot- 
land, and  the  Prince  of  Wales. 

Tile  Duke  of  Somerfet  the  ProtC(flor  of  England,  having,  under 
this  Pretence,  invaded  Scotland  with  an  Army  of  ten  thoufand  Foot, 
and  fix  tiioufand  Horfe,  thirteen  hundred  Pioniers  and  Artificers, 
and  fifty  Pieces  of  Brafs  Ordnances  (a),  accompanied  with  the  Earl 
of  IViirzvick,  Lord  Gray  of  Wilton,  Sir  Francis  Brian,  and  many 
other  Perfons  of  Note.  The  Earl  of  ^rran  Governour  of  Scotland 
cTpu'nTf''!  immediately  raifed  an  Army  of  Tliirty  thoufand  Foot,  befides  a  con- 
Ho°fe''  "'  fiderable  Body  of  Horfe  ;  of  which  our  Author  had  the  Honour  of 
commanding  a  Troop. 

The  Governour  having  encamp'd  witli  tiiis  Army  at  Inverask,  in 
View  of  the  Englifh  Army,  there  were  daily  Skirniifhes  betwixt  them, 
in  which  our  Author  behav'd  himfelf  with  fuch  Courage,  that  the 
Jj«i'j,^'''>i^*'- Governour  Knighted  him  in  the  Field  for  his  Valour.  The  Scots 
v»iour.  having  had  frequently  the  Advantage  over  the  Englifh,  becaufe  they 
knew  the  Ground  better  than  they  did,  it  was  agreed  to  in  a  Coun- 
cil of  War,  that  they  Ihould  always  skirmifh  with  them,  till  they 
ftiould  oblige  them  to  leave  the  Country  :  On  the  other  Hand,  the 
Englifh  finding  that  they  could  gain  no  Advantage  by  their  frequent 

Skirmi/hes, 

(«)  Vid.  Duke,  Hift.  Angl.  Scot.  P.  J?!.     Goodwin,  Annjl.  ad  «unum  1547.    SpccJ,    64c. 


Vol  III.         TAf  LUe  of  Sir  J  A  M  Jt  S  I N  G  L I S,  Knight.  41 

Skiraiuhcs,  refolvedro  engag^e  the  Scots  in  a  pitch't  Battle.    For  this ';;^;;')<^_ 
Piirpofe,  the  Duke  of  Somcrjet  fent  out  the  Earl  oi  Wuriuick^  and'^A/"*^ 
the  Lord  Gray  with  a  confiderable  Body  of  liglit  Horfemen,   who 
were  met  by  the  Lord  Hume  and  our  Author,  with  an  equal  Num- 
ber of  Men  and  Horfe  under  their  Command,    upon  the  9th  Day 
of  September,  1 547,  and  they  fought  it  with  great  Bravery  on  both 
Sides,  till  Night  parted  them.     The  Engltfhiod  above  a  thoufand 
Men,    and  Sir   Rahh  Bulmar,   Thomas  Cower  and  Robert  Crouch, 
who  were  Commanders  of  tUeEngHJJj  Troops,  were  taken  Prifoners. 
The  Scots  had  above  800  Men  killed  and  taken  Prifoners.  Tlie  Lord 
Hume  was  forely  wounded,  and  fent  to  Edinburgh,  and  his  Son  was 
taken  PrKbner,  with  feveral  Gentlemen  of  the  Name  of  Muxivell : 
Both   Parties  boafting  o(  the  Advantage  of  this   Day's  Adlion,  the 
Eail  oi  Huntly  fent  an  Herauld  to  the  Duke  of  Somerfet  with  this 
Piopofal,  That  for  the  preventing  of  the  fhedding  of  more  Chnflian 
Blood,    he  would  figiit  i:pon  the  Peril  of  the  Cau(e,    either  widi 
twenty  to  twenty,  ten  to  ten,  or  in  a  fingle  Combat  by  themfelves 
Man  to  Man.     The  Duke  of  Somerfet  would  not  accept  of  this  Offer, 
but  return'd  an  Herauld  with  Offers  of  Peace,  providing  they  would 
afrree  to  the  Marriage.     In  the  mean  Time  the  Englijhmade  all  the 
jiafte   tlicy  could  to  gain  the  Advantage  of  an  Hill  called  Ptnten- 
cloHgh,  and  by  that  Means  to  force  the  Scots  to-a  Battle;  which  the 
Governour  perceiving,  he  divided  his  Army  into  three  Bodies:  The 
Van  Guard  was  commanded  by  the  Earl  of  ^ngus,  the  Rear  Guard 
by  tlie  Earl  of  Huntly,  and  the  main  Body  by  the  Governour  "and 
the  Earl  of  ctArgyle.     Tiie  Ear!  of  Angus  with  the  van  Guard  hafted 
furioullv  forward,  to  gain  the  Advantage  of  the  Ground,  which  they 
did,  but  were  almoft  breathlefs,  and  out  of  Order,  they  having  run 
rather  than  march'd  all  the  Way  ;  befides,  as  they  part  alongfl:  the 
Sea  Shoar,    a  Piece  of  Ordnance  difcharged  from  a  Galley  of  the 
En'ritfJi  Fleet  then  lying  upon  that  Coaft,    killed  four  and  twenty 
of  their  Aicn,  amongft  whom  was  the  Lord   Graham's  eldetl  Son, 
wliich  put  them  in  Tome  Confufion  :  Yet  notwithflinding  of  all  this, 
the  two  Armies  approaching  near  to  one  another  at  a  Place  called 
Edmi ftoun-edge,  near  to  Afujjelburgh,  the  Earl  of  Angus  advancing 
tovi'ards  them  (as  we  have  faid)  with  a  more  than  ordinary  Pace. 
The  Duke  of  Somerfet  perceiving  this,  commanded  the  Lord  Gray 
with  the  Cavalrv,  not  to  charge  them  till  fuch  Time  as  he  could 
bring  up  the  Infantry ;  but  thev  were  fo  warmly  received  by  the  Earl 
of  Anqus,  whofe  Men  were  all  armed  with  Pikes  and  Targets,  that 
they  were  forc'd  to  give  Way,  and  beat  back  to  the  main  Body  of 
the  Army  with  fuch  Fury,   that  they  run  over  a  great  rnany  of  tneir 
own  Infantry  :    In  this  A(ftion  were  killed  of, the  JEngltJh,  Captain 
Shelley,  Captain  Ratcliff,  and  a  great  many  J?erfons  of  Ndte,  and 
the  Lord  Cray  dangeroufly  wounded  in   tlic   Mouth   with  a  Pike : 
Several  Standards  were  taken  by  t!ie  Scots,  and  the  King  of  England's 
Standard,  born  by  Sir  Andrew  flamucke,  was  feiz'd  upon;  but  that 
Knight  being  well  mounied  upon  a  good  Horfe,  grappled  fo  with 

L  his 


41  The  Ltfe  0/  J/r  J  A  M  E  S  I N  G  L 1 S,  Kntght.  Vc.l.  1 1  /. 

'"^"'^-^  his  Enemy,  rli^^^  '''^  made  hisEfcape,  carrying  away  the  upper  I'arr 
vA/vi  of  the  Scandard,  leaving  the  lower  Part  with  liis  Antagonilt.  The 
Scots  being  too  much  putf' d  up  with  this  Advantage,  fell  upon  the 
£n£^lifh  with  greater  Fury  than  ever,  without  obferving  their  Ranks, 
or  any  Manner  ot  Order,  whicii  the  Duke  of  Somerfet  and  the  liurl 
oi  Warwick  perceiving,  lally'd  their  Men,  attacked  them  with  light 
Horfcmen  and  Archers,  and  firing  hotly  upon  them  with  their 
Cannon  from  the  Hill  oi  Firiten-clongh^  they  were  forced  at  lall  to 
"ive  Way  ;  upon  which  the  Eriglijh  gave  a  great  Shout,  crying  our, 
They  flee,  they  flee  ;  and  thofe  of  the  Scots  who  were  of  the  £«(/////; 
Faciiion,  took  this  Opportunity  of  throwing  down  their  Ariris,  try- 
in>'  out  aloud,  ^H  is  lojl,  all  is  lojl ;  which  fo  terrify 'd  the  main 
Body  of  the  Army,  molt  of  them  being  undifciplm'd  and  new 
levied  Men,  that  they  turn'd  their  Backs  and  fled;  yet  the  High- 
landers made  a  very  noble  Ref^dance,  but  at  length  were  over- 
powered with  Numbers  of  Horfe,  and  obliged  likewife  to  retreat. 
in  this  Battle  the  Scots  loft  about  8000  Men,  who  were  killed 
upon  die  Field,  and  amongft  thefe  were  the  Apparent  Heirs 
and  Reprefcntatives  of  tlie  noble  Families  of  Erskin,  Ogilvie, 
Fleeming-,  Livingflotin,  .Mejfan,  Riithcn  and  Rofs :  And  the  Engiijh, 
contrary  to  all^thc  Laws  of  Honour,  put  moft  cruelly  and  in- 
humanly to  Death  the  Mafters  of  Erskin  and  Biuhivi,  after  tiiey 
had  delivered  themfelves  up  Prifoners  of  War :  The  Earl  of  Huntly 
Lord  High  Chancellor,  the  Lord  Tejler^  and  about  a  thoufand 
more  were  made  Prifoners.  The  next  Day,  being  the  r  i  th  of 
September  I547»  the  f/Zj^/zy^  Army  march'd  ftreight  to  Leith,  where 
they  burnt  the  Town,  killed  and  mafTacred  all  the  Monks  and  Friars 
they  met  with.  The  Governour,  with  his  Brother  the  Aich-Bifhop 
of  St.  j^ndreios  (a).  Tiie  Earls  of  Angus,  Cavils  and  Rothes  having 
made  their  Efcape  to  Edinburgh,  removed  the  Earl  oi  Bothwell  ixom 
the  Caftle  of  Edinburgh,  where  he  was  kept  Prifoner  for  corrcfpon- 
ding  with  the  Englijh,  and  took  him  along  wich  them  to  Stirling^ 
and  our  Author  went  over  to  Fife,  where  he  fpent  the  Remnant  of 
his  Life  in  the  innocent  Amufements  of  a  Country  Life  ;  during 
which  Time,  he  compos'd  feveral  Trerttifes  both  in  Verfe  and  Profe, 
of  which  we  have  ftill  extant  one,  called  Scotland's  Complaint,  prin- 
ted at  St.  Andrews  in  1548.  In  the  Preface  or  Prologue,  as  he  calls 
it,  of  this  Book,  he  excnfes  himfelf  for  his  homely  Stile,  tiie  Love 
of  his  Country  only  having  induc'd  him  to  appear  in  Publick  in 
the  common  Language  of  the  Country  that  was  beft  underftood 
by  the  Vulgar,  without  atfeifting  Words  borrowed  from  other 
Languages;  his  Words  are,  Zit  noch  lefs,  I  hope,  that  zvife  Men  zvill 
repute  my  Ignorance  for  ane  mortifiat  Prudence  be  Reajon  of  my  ^ood 
Intention  that  procedis  fra  ane  ajfet^i^e  ardant  favoir  that  1  hafe 
euy  born  toivart  this  affigit  Realm,  quhilk  is  my  native  Cuntre.  Nou 
nou  heir  I  exhort  all  Philojophouris,  Hifloriographours  and  Or  a  tours 
of  our  Scottifli  Natione  to  fupport,  and  till  excufe  my  barbir,  agre(i 

Ttrniisl 

(«)  Vid.  Lcfly  dc  gcllli  Scot.  Lib.  10. 


Vol.  III.  The  Ltfe  of  Sir]  AMES  INGLIS,   Knight.  45 

Termis,  for  I  thocht  it  nocht  necejjair  till  haf  fardit  and  lardit  this 


'>»/N>»^ 


Trai^eit"  vitht  exquifite  Termeis  mhilkes" are  nocht  daly  ufit,  hut"^^^^ 
rather  I  haf  uflt  domejlic  Scotcifh  Langage  maijl  intiUigihl  for  the 
rulgare  Pepil.  There  hes  bene  divers  Tranjlat ours  andCompilairs  in  aid 
Ttf^ies  that  tuk  grat  Plefur  to  contra  fait  their  ulgar  Langage^  mixand 
their  Purpo/ts  vitht  uncoutht  exqni/it  Termis  drojn,  or  raither  to  fay 
mair  formarlj,  rcuyn  fra  Latatng,  and  fume  of  them  tuk  Plefeir-  to 
gar  on  %!ord  of  there  Purpof  to  he  full  of  Syllabis  half  an  cyMjle  of 
lentcht.  And  at  the  Conclufioii  or  liis  Preface  he  (ays,  That  if  this 
meets  with  a  favourable  Reception, '  he  will  publifh  feveral  other 
Things.  His  Book  is  divided  into  XX  Chapters.  In  the  I  Chapter 
he  fhews,  That  the  Changes  of  Monarchies  arifes  from  their  Wicked- 
nefs,  which  God  in  his  Juftice  punifhes,  and  not  from  Chance  of 
Fortune,  as  fome  ignorant  People  imagine  ;  and  here  he  laments 
the  great  Lofs  the  Nation  had  fuftain'd  at  tlie  Battle  of  Pinkie^ 
which  feem'd  to  threaten,  as  if  God  defign'd  for  their  Punifhmcnr, 
to  fubjedl  them  to  their  old  inveterate  Enemies  ijhe  EnglifJ:.  In  tlie 
II  Chapter,  He  fliews  from  the  facred  Scriptures  the  Tlireatnings  of 
God's  Vengeance  againft  wicked  and  obftinate  People.  In  the  III 
He  fhews,  That  God  executes  his  Judgments  againft  the  Nation  ; 
we  are  not  to  attribute  it  to  the  Valour  of  their  Enemies,  but  to 
his  permifUve  Power,  and  this  (fays  he)  is  now  the  Cafe  betwixt 
England  and  Scotland ;  and  he  holds,  that  God  will  permit  fome 
other  foreign  Nation  to  ra?e  them  from  the  Face  of  the  Earth  for 
tlie  un)uft  Wars  that  they  have  raifed  through  Chrifendom  for  thefe 
dOO  Years  bygone.  In  the  IV Chapter,  He  applies  the  ^d  Chapter 
of  the  Prophet  JJaidh  to  the  prefent  State  of  the  Scots  Nation.  In. 
die  V  Chapter,  He  gives  various  Opinions  of  the  Philofophers  con- 
cerning the  World  and  its  Duration ;  and  in  his  own  Opinion  he 
fays.  That  after  the  Supputation  o(  Elias,  as  Mr.  John  Carrion  has 
obferv'd,  the  World  has  but  451  Years  to  laft,  becaufe  it  was  bur  to 
endure  600O  Years,  of  which  there  is  548  Years  already  paft  :  And 
this  is  according  to  an  ancient  Tradition  amongft  the  ^ews,  that 
the  World  fhall  only  laft  60OO  Years,  icxDO  be^rc  the  Law,  2000 
under  the  Law,  and  lOOO  under  the  Gofpel.  The  VI  Chapter  is  a 
poetical  Digreftion  of  the  Author,  whicn  he  calls,  jin  Monolog- 
recreatyve  of  the  oAdor :  In  this  Cliapter  he  fays.  That  being 
fatigu'd  with  his  Studies,  he  retired  himfelf  to  a  Foreft  upon  the 
6\\\  Day  of  June^  and  placing  himfelf  at  the  Foot  of  a  Mountain 
ori  the  Banks  of  a  pleafant  River,  he  defcribes  in  poetical  Terms 
the  various  Beauties  of  the  Field  in  that  Seafon  of  the  Year ;  then 
he  gives  an  Account  of  the  feveral  Cries  of  the  Beafts,    the  Chir 


Sliip  in  the  Terms  of  the  Seamen :  After  this  he  fays,  he  was  diverted 
with  the  Sight  of  the  Shepherds  Wives  and  Children ;  gives  an 
Account  ottheit  rural  Performances,  making  one  of  them  entertain 

L  2  cbo 


^^ Tlje  Life  0/  i'/r  J  A  M  L  S  I N  G  L I S,  Knight.  Vol.  iTT 

rv-/V^    the  rcrt  witli  a  Difcourfc  of  the  Happinefs  and  Crcatncfs  ot  the 
sJiiv^    Shepherd's  Lite;    then  lie  tielcribcs  to  them  die  glorious  Fahricks 
of  the  Heavens,  which  they  daily  have  in  View  ;    and  then  he  lays 
down  the  whole  J'nnciples  of  Aftronomy,    and  an  Explanation  of 
the  moft  common  Phariomena  in  Nature,    fuch  as  Thunders  and 
Li<'htnin<j;s,  Hail,  Snow  and  Rain,  Eclipfes  of  the  Sun  and  Moon, 
(Stc.     Then  one  of  tlie  Shephcrd'.s  Wives,  to  whom  thclelong  Philo- 
fophical  and  Miuhcmaticul  Lcdures  were  no  ways  agreeable,  makes 
a  Piopofal  to  every  one  of  them  to  tell  a  Tale,  which  they  imme- 
diately"a"reed  to  :    And  here  our  Author  gives  an  Account  of  the 
Tables  and  Stories  rhe  Country  People  then  ufed  to  divert  them- 
iclveswith:  After  which  eacli  of  the  Shepherds  fung  a  Song,  which 
our  Author  here  enumerates.     And  fince  they  difcovcr   uTiat  were 
then  the  moft  erteem'd  Scots  Poems,  I  fhall  give  an  Account  of  them 
in  his  own  Words.     The  ift  is,  The  Briers  binds  me  fair.     The  id, 
Still  "under  the  Leyvis  grene.     The  ^d,  Couthume  the  Rtijhis  grene. 
The  4th,  yilLue  I 'V)t  your  twa  jeyr  Ene.    The  5tli,  Goeteyougudc 
D,T)i  -vit  Boy.     The  6th,  Lady  he  I ^  your  Prifoneir.    Tiieyth,  King 
Williams  Note.  8th,  The  bnge  no  wee  non.   9th,  The  Cheavel  Valk. 
1 0th,  FiJy  that  is  none,     nth,  Skald  a  Bellis  non.     r  zth.  The  Aber- 
Azm  noH  Brum.     i^iU,  Brum  on  tul.     i.i\tU,  ^IJone  J  reipt  in  great 
Piflrejs.     I  Ttli,  Tortee  Solee  Lemendoti.     i(5th,  Bille  vil  thu  cu/n  by 
a  Bute  and  belt  the  in  Saint  Francis  Cord.     17th,  The  Frog  cam  to 
the  M)lDur.     1 8th,  Gillfjuhiskar.    19th,  Rycht  forily  mu/ing  in  my 
Mynd.  20th,  God  Jen  the  Due  had  bydden  in  France,  and  Delaubawte 
had  neuter  cum  hanie.    lift,  ^l  mufing  of  Meruillir  a  mys  hef  J  gone. 
lid,  Maflrcs  fayr  Zcril  Jo  fayt.     l^d,    O  lufly  Alaje  loith  Mora 
Clueen.  14th,  O  A4)rle  Hart  hay  this  is  my  Sang,     ijtii.  The  Battel 
o/'Hayrlau.     16th,  71(7^ ///</zm  0/ Clieuit.     17th,  Sal  J  go  vit  z.oit 
to  Rumbolo  J'ayr.     i8th,  Greit  is  m\  Sorou.     l(^x\^,  Turn  the  Juit 
Ville  to  me.  30tli,  My  Lufe  is  lyan  fick^  fend  him  Joy,  fend  htm  Joy. 
:21ft,  Fayr  Lufe  len  thou  me  tlJy  Mamil  Joy.     3  id.  The  Parfte  and 
the  Mongumr)'e  met  that  Day,  that  gentil  Day.     33d,  My  Lufe  is 
laid  upon  an  Knycht.     34th,  ^llace  the  famen  Jueit  Face.     35th,  In 
an  myrthful  Morrou  my  Hart  leuit  on  the  Lad.     And  feveral  others 
which  our  Author  fays  he  has  forgot :  After  this,  fays  he,  the  Shep- 
herds went  to  the  dancing,    and  he  names  all  their  Dances.     The 
Shepherds  having  gone  home  with  their  Flocks,  our  Aurhor's  next 
Diverfion  was  to  contcmplat  Herbs  in  the  Fields,  ot  which  he  gives 
the  following  Account.     There,  fays  he,  J  Jaw  ane  Erb  callit  Barba 
Aron,  quhilk  was  gude  remeid  for  Emeroides  in  the  Fundament ;  I 
fua  Virmet  that  vas  cudefor  an  febil  Stomak,  and  Sounkks  that  vas 
gude  for  the  black  Guljet  ;  I  Jua  mony  green  Seggis,  that  are  gude  to 
provoke  the  Flouris  of  Women;  ffaw  Vater-Iillie,  quhilk  is  a  Remeid 
contar  Gonoria  ;    J  jua  Tanfy,    that  is  gude  to  purge  the  Niiris  and, 
Enerfodes  that  conjumeis  the  Ventofiteis  of  the  Stomak  ;  7  fua  Mug- 
wart,  quhilk  is  gude  for  the  Suffocations  of  ane.Vomans  Bayrn-bcd ; 
//waReyton,  the  Decot  tori  ofvtckis  Remeid  for  anjair  Haid;  J  fua 

Belis 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  of  Stt^  ] kWES  INGLIS,    Kmght.  ^5 


Becis,    that  is^ude  contrar  a  Conjlipation  ;    I  jua  Bofage,    that  is  jy^ 
gudc  to   comfort  the  Hart]    /  j«rt  Commayne,  Cfuhilk  is  gUde  fdr'^'^V^ 
anc  fcabit  Q^outh;  I  Jua  Hemn,  .that  coagulcs  the  Mux  of  the  Sperm 'y 
J  Jua  Mavdcn-Huyr,    of  the  quhilk  an  Sirmp  made  of  it,  is  JRemeid 
contrar  the  Jnfe£iion  of  the  Melt  ;  ffua  Celidone,  qnhilk  is  gude  to 
help  the  Sight  of  the  Ene  ;    and  CipprfefTes,    that    is  gude  for  the 
fiuxis  of  the  Belly e;  //«^  Fumeterric,  that  tempris  an  height  Lyver", 
J  Jua  Biumc,    that  pronjoks  ane  Perfone  to  'Vomit  aid  Fume  ;    I  fua 
Rofhetis,    that  provoks  Men  to  fee p  ;    J  fua  Yfope,  that  is  gUde  h 
purge  congelit  Flame  of  the  Ljchtnes  ;  I  Jua  mony  othar  Herbs.    After 
this  our  Aurlior  falls  adeep.     And  in  the  VII  Chapter  gives  us  an 
Account  of  a  Dream  that  he  had,  wherein  he  faw  the  afflicfied  Lady^ 
Dame  Scotia,  with  her  Three  Sons,  the  Three  Eftatcs  of  Scotlandy 
wliofc  lamentable  Condition  he  defcribes.     In  the  VIII  Chapter  he 
fhows  how  the  afflidlcd  Lady  reproved  her  Three  Sons  for  their 
Cowardice  and  Wickednefs.     In  the  IX  Chapter  he  fhows  how  the 
afflidlcd  Lady  cx'horccd  lier  Children  to  take  Example  from  divers 
Countries  that  God  had  relieved  from  the  Slavery  of  their  Enemies. 
In  die  X  Chapter  he  fhows  how  much  the  Englijh  rely  upon  Mer- 
lins Prophecies,  which  proriiiied  the  Conqueffof  Scotland  to  them; 
but  he  cites  a  Prophecy  out  of  one  of  their  own  Hiflories,  called, 
The  Polychron'icon,    wherein  'tis   faid,    That  England  fhall  be  firft 
conquered  by  the  Danes,  then  bv  the  Saxons,  then  by  the  Normans, 
laftly  by  the  Scots  ;    after  whicli  there  fhall  be  but  one  Monarchy, 
and  live  under  one  Prince.     In  the  XI  Chapter,  he  fhows  how  the 
pretended  Kings  of  £«^/rt«^  have  no  jufi:  Title  to"  the  Realm  of 
England,  eidier  by  Electtion  or  Succeffion,  and  how  treacheroufly 
they  have  dealt  with  the  Welch  and  Irijh.     The  XII  Chapter  is  Upon 
the  fame  Subjecfl.     In  the  XIII  Chapter  he  fhows  the  Familiarity 
and  good  Correfpondence  that  was  kept  betwixt  fome  of  the  Scots 
and  Englif  Nobility  and  Gentry,  was  the  Caufe  of  the  Country's 
being  betrayed  :    For,  fays  our  Author,    'tis  an  old  Scots  Proverb, 
^ne  hyrand  Damyjale,  and  ane  Jpekand  Caflel  neuyr  end  with  Honour. 
That  is  to  fay,  Tiiat  a  Lady  that  liflens  and  intertains  the  Propo- 
fals  of  a  Lover,  fhe  is  in  as  fair  a  Way  to  be  gain'd  as  a  Caftle  that 
keeps  a  Correfpondence  with  an  Enemy.     In  the  XIV  Chapter, 
our   Author  fhows  from    Hiflory  how   Traitors  have  been  always 
punifh'd,  even  by  thofe  who  engag'd  them  in  the  Treafon.     In  the 
XV  Chapter,  he  fhoAVS  the  lamentable  Condition  of  the  afflidted 
Lady's  Tiiird  Son,  the  Commons.     In  the  XVI  Chapter  he  fhows 
how  the  afHidled  Lady  anfwers  her  youngefl  Son,  by  upbraiding 
him  with  his  infolent  and  factious  Temper;   and  her  two  eldeft 
Sons,  for  tiieir  Negligence  in  defending  her  Honour  and  Perfon. 
In  the  XVII  Chapter,  he  fhows  what  Faults  the  Lady  laid  to  the 
Charge  of  her  cldefl  Son,   the  Nobility  and  Gentry.     The  XVIil 
and  XIX  Chapters  fhows  the  Faults  that  he  laid  to  ner  fecond  Son, 
rhe  Clergy.     In  the  laft  Chapter  he  concludes  with  her  Exhortation 
to  her  Three  Sons,  that  they  fhould  ftand  firm  together  againft 

M  her 


4<5  n^e  Life  0/  ^/r  J  A  M  E  S  I N  G  L I S,  Knight.  Vol.  / / /. 

'J^^    her  and  their  Enemies,   otherwife  they  would  bring  Ruin  and  Mi- 

^■'V*^    fery  on  them  both. 
Hi,D«th     This  Gcnclcnian  died  at  Culrojt  in  the  Year  1554.     ^'\r  David 

"acn*"'  LimiJiVj  of  the  Mount,  as  we  have  Teen  in  his  Life,  reckons  him 
one  ot  tlie  bcft  Poets  of  tliat  Age  ;  and  by  his  Complaint  it  appears 
that  he  was  well  C:ei\  in  the  Grecian  and  Roman  Hi(torics ;  for  in 
every  Chapter  of  this  Book,  all  that  he  fays  is  illiiftrared  by  various 
Examples  taken  from  the  Grecian  and  Roman  Hiftorians  :  JW  the 
fame  Book  it  likewife  appears  that  he  was  a  good  Mathematician 
and  Philofopiier,  a  moll  faithful  and  loyal  Subjedt,  and  a  great 
Lover  of  iiis  Country. 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

J-  TyOems,    conjijling  of  Songs,    BaUads,    Plays  and  Farces,     in 

jl     Ms. 

II.  Scotland'/  Complaint  againj}  her  Tljree  Sons,  the  Nobility,  Clergy 
and  Commons,  imprinted  at  St.  Andrews,  in  8i;o. 


THE 

LIFE  of  the  Reverend  Father  in  G  O  D, 
ROBERT  REIV,  Bifliopof  Or\^ej, 

HIS  learned  Prelate  was  born  in  the  Reign  of  King 

"James  IV.  and  had  his  Education  at  the  Univer- 

HijBirifc  H  i\ty  o(  Aberdeen;  where,  after  he  liad  finilhed  the 

Courfe  of  his   Studies  in  the  Belks-Lettres  and 

Philofophy,    he  went  over  to  the  Univerhty  of 

Paris,  where  he  ftudied  Theology,  and  the  Civil  and  Canon  Law: 
Having  entred  into  Holy  Orders,  he  returned  to  his  native  Country, 
and  was  preferred  to  the  Bifhoprick  oi  Orkney  (a),  being  nominated 
Bift.'opTf''' thereto  in  the  Year  154O,  and  admitted  in  the  Confiltory  upon  the 
e«f"7,'.d"o  iOth  o(  July  1 541.     He  had  likewife  beftowed  upon  him  fcveral 
nJi'.'.*' '''^' other  Dignities  both  in  Church  and  State,    being  made  by  King 
James  V.  one  of  the  Lords  of  the  Privy  Council,  one  of  the  Sena- 
tors of  the  College  of  Juftice,  and  Prefident  to  the  Sellion  ;    in  all 
which  Stations,    ne  difcharged  his  Duty  with  great  Exacftnefs  and 
Fidelity  :   And  he  was  no  lefs  ferviceable  to  his  Nation  in  publick 
Negotiations  Abroad,   than  in  thefe  honourable  Stations  at  Home, 
having  perform'd  feveral  LmbalTies  with  great  Succefs  to  the  Popes 
Adrian  VI.  Clement  VII.  and  Paul  III.   by  which  the  learned  Dr. 

Jamejon 

{it)  Vid.  JioKlon't  Nuici  ufoo  Sfoirwood  fcacs  mc. 


Vol.111.      The  Life  of  ROBERT  Ki,lD,  Bijhop  of  Oikncy.  47 

Jamfon  makes  it  appear,  that  his  firfl  Enibaffy  to  Rome  muft  have  ^^T^. 
been  in  the  Year  1511,  or  1515.  Tope  Adrian  dying  this  laft^-'^'~ 
Year,  after  he  had  pofl'efled  the  Popedom  only  one  Year,  eidit 
Months  and  fix  Days.  Our  Author's  next  Embafly  to  Rome  was  Dc- 
twixt  the  Years  1 513  and  1 554.  For  in  that  Year  died  Pope  Clement 
VII.  after  he  fat  ten  Years,  ten  iMonths,  and  fevcn  Days.  And  his 
lad  EmbafTy  to  VopePaul  III.  wa5  betwixt  the  Years  i  554  and  1 549. 
For  then  Pope  Paul  III.  died,  having  poflcfied  tlic  Papal  Chair 
eighteen  Years  and  twenty  eight  Days.  King  James  V.  fent  our 
learned  Prelate  likewife  Ambafiadour  to  Henry  VIII.  King  of  En- 
gland ;  but  that  which  we  are  to  confider  him  moft  for  here,  is  as 
bein'T  a  Perfon  of  extraordinary  Learning  and  Piety,  and  a  great 
Encourager  of  it  in  others,  as  we  learn  from  one  that  was  well 
acquainted  with  him  (a),  if  we  c6nfider  tlie  Adts  of  Charity  and 
Mercy  that  he  did  in  his  own  Diocefs,  it  muft  be  owned  that  he  was 
one  of  the  moft  wortliy  Prelates  that  ever  pofteft  that  Sec  ;  for  he  ^^"^f"';/ 
caufed  build  a  moft  ftately  Tower  to  the  north  End  of  his  Palace, 'i>r!  ° 
where  his  Statue  is  yet  to  be  feen  engraven.  (^)  He  enlarged  the 
Cathedral  Church,  added  three  Pillars  to  the  former  Fabrick,  and 
beautify 'd  the  Entry  with  a  magnificent  Porch  :  He  built  St.  Olaus 
Church  in  Kirkwall,  and  a  large  Court  of  Buildings,  to  be  a  College 
for  inftru(5ting  of  the  Youth  in  thefe  and  the  adjacent  Ifles,  in  Gram- 
mar, Philofophy  and  Mathematicks.  He  made  a  new  Erecflion  and 
Foundation  of  the  Chapiter,  confifting  of  feven  Dignities,  whereof 
the  firft  was  a  Provoft,  to  whom,  under  the  Bifhop,  the  Correiftion 
of  the  Canons,  Prebends  and  Chaplains  belonged  ;  and  lie  had 
allotted  to  him  the  Prebendary  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  and  Vicarage 
of  Randalpaw,  with  the  Maintenances  of  the  Church  of  Burras. 
The  fecond  was  an  Arch-Deacon,  who  would  govern  the  People 
according  to  the  Canon  Law,  and  to  him  was  given  the  Arcli-Dea- 
con's  ancient  Rights,  the  Vicarage  of  Brija,  and  Chaplainry  of  St. 
Olaus  within  the  Cathedral  Church  of  ICirkwall ;  together  with  the 
Stipend  and  Maintenance  of  the  Church  of  Hura.  The  third  was 
a  Precentor,  who  was  to  rule  and  diredl  the  finding  Boys  in  the 
Quire,  and  to  him  was  given  the  Prebendary  of  Or/;/;/rf,and  Vicarag6 
of  Stennis.  The  fourth  was  a  Chancellor,  who  was  to  be  learn'cl 
in  both  the  Laws,  and  bound  to  read  the  Canon-Law  publickly  in 
the  Chapiter,  to  look  to  the  prcferving  and  mending  the  Books  of 
the  Quire  and  Regifter,  to  keep  the  Key  and  Seal  of  the  Library  j 
atid  to  him  was  given  the  Prebendary  of  St.  Mars  in  Sanda,  and 
Vicarage  of  Sanda.  The  fifth  was  a  Treafurer,  who  kept  the  Trei-* 
fury  of  the  ChurCh,  the  facred  Veftments,  the  Bread,  Wine,  Wax, 
Oil,  and  what  elfe  was  neceflary  for  the  Lights  of  the  Church;  and 
to  him  was  given  the  Redory  of  St.  Nicolas  in  Stronz^a,  and  Vica- 
rage of  Stroni^a.  Tli?  fixth  was  a  Sub-Deacon,  who  fupplied  tf\e 
Place  of  the  Provoft  in  his  Abfence,  for  amending  the  Defe<5ls  df 
the  Chapiter,  and  to  exerce  the  Office  of  Butler  to  the  Bifhop ;  a'nd 

Ml  to 


'(^)  Vii.  Scicoa  Mim.  Un.    U)  Vii.  Dr.  WtUtc,  I>«r>.ii{>t.  of  Orkiic). 


mm     mm 


48  The  Life  of  KOIMIKT  R  E I D,  Bi/hop  of  Orkney.        Vol.  J  If. 

^v^v.      to  iuni  was  given  tlic   rarfonage  of //oj,    and    Vicarage  of  IViifs. 

^'^    And  tlic  laft  was  a  Siib-Cliancor,  who  was  bound  to  play  upon  tl>6 

Organs  each  Lord's  Day,  and  Fcftivals,  and  to  fupply  tlic  I'lace  of 

the  Chanror  in  his  Abfencc  }  and  to  him  was  given  tlie  Prebendary 

of  St.  Colme. 

He  erecftcd  likcwife  fcven  other  Canons  and  Prebends ;  the  firft 
was  the  Prebend   of  the  ?Ioly  Crofs,    who  was  a  fpecial  Keeper  of 
lioly  Things  under  the  Treaiurer,  took  care  of  the  Clock,   and  of 
the   riivj;ing   of   the   Bells  at   the  Canonical   Hours,    and  that  no 
Nallinefs  (hould  be  in  the  Church,    but  that   the  Hoor  iliould  be 
cleanly  iwcpt,  and  that  all  Things  fhould  be  kept  in  Decency  and 
Order ;  and  to  him  was  given  tlie  Parfonage  of  Crojs-Kirk  \uSanda. 
The  (econd  was  the  Prebend  ot  St.  Aiary^    who  took  care  ot  the 
Hoof  and  Windows  of  the  Cathedral,  by  helping  them  when  there 
was  need  ;  and  to  him  was  given  the  Chaplainry  of  St.  Mary,  and 
the  Vicarage  of  Evj.     The  third  was  the  Prebend  of  St.  Magnus, 
who   was  Confellor  to  the  Bilhop's  Houfhold,    Provoft,    Canons, 
Chaplains  and  their  Servants  in  the  Time  of  Eflher,   and  to  admi- 
niftrate  the  Sacrament  unto  them  ;  and  to  him  was  given  the  Pre- 
bendary of  St.  Magnus.     The  fourth  was  the  Prebend  of  St.  John 
the  Evangelift.     Tlie  fifth  was  the  Prebend  of  St.  Laurence  :    The 
fixth.  was  the  Prebend  of  St.  Katharin  :    And  the  feventii  was  the 
Prebend  of  St.  Duthack.     To  which  feven  Prebendaries  he  aflUgned 
and  allotted  (beddcs  thefe  Churches  of  which  they  bore  the  Titles) 
the  Rents  and  Revenues  of  the  Parfonages  of  St.  Colwe  in  Waes, 
and  of  the  Holy  Crofs    in  Weflra  ;    a.f  alfo   the  Vicarages   of  the 
Parifh  Churches  of  Sandivick  ^n^Stromnes,  with  their  Pertinents  for 
their  daily  Subhftence  ;  belides  all  thefe  Canonries  he  ereded  like- 
wife  thirteen  Chaplainries,    of  which  the   firft  was  Mafter  of  the 
Grammar-School,    and  Chaplain  of  St.  Peters.     The   fecond  was 
Mailer  of  the  Singing-School,  and  Chaplain  of  St.  ^ugufiin.     The 
third  wub  Stallarnis,  or  the  Bifhop's  Qiiiiifter.    Tlic  fourth  the  Pro- 
voft's  C^uirifter.     The  fifth  the  Arch-Deacon's.     The  fixth  the  Pre- 
centor's.    The  feventh  the  Chancellor's.   The  eighth  the  Treafurer's. 
The  ninth  the  Sub-Deacons.     The  tenth  the  Prebend's  of  t\\e  Holy 
Crofs.     The  eleventh,  the  Prebend's  of  St.  iWrry.  The  twelfth,  the 
Prebend's  of  St. /<rj/W/«.     Andthelaft,  the  Chaplain  s  of  the  Holy 
Crofs.     And  every  one  of  thefe  Quirifters  had  Twenty  four  Meileis, 
or  Bolls  of  Corn,  and  ten  Merks  oi  Money  for  their  yearly  Sub- 
fiftence,  befides  their  daily  Diftributions  which  he  appointed  to  be 
rais'd  from  the  Vicarage  of  the  Cathedral  Church,   and  from  the 
Foundation  oi  Thomas  Bifhop  of  Orkney,  and  of  the  twelve  Pounds 
Sterling  mortified  by  King  James  III.  and  James  IV. 

The  Office  of  thefe  Quirifters  was  to  fing  Mafs  Evening  and  Mor- 
ning by  Turns,  to  which  he  added  a  Sacrift  who  was  to  ring  the 
Bells,  light  the  Lamps,  carry  in  Water  and  Fire  to  the  Church, 
and  to  go  before  the  Proceffion  with  a  white  Rod ;  and  for  this  he 
had  the  accuftom'd  Revenue,  together  with  fourty  Shillings  Sterling 

from 


Vol.  Ill,      rhe  Life  0/  R  O  B  E  R  T   R  E I D,  Btjhop  of  Orkney.  49 

from  die  Billiop  yearly  :  He  likcwife  ordained  fix  Boys  co  be  Taper- ^J^-^ 
bearers,  and  to  fing  the  Refponfories  and  Verfes  in  tlie  Quire,  as^A)^ 
thev  ueic  to  be  ordered  by  the  Chantor ;  of  thefe  fix  finging  Boys, 
the  fiilt  was  to  be   nominated  by  the  Bifliop  ;    the  fecoiid  by  trie 
Prebend  of  St.  Magnus ;  the  third  by  the  Trebend  of  St.  Tohn  the 
J:vangeli(l: ;    the  tourth  by  the  Prebend  of  St.  Laurence;    the  fifth 
by  the  Prebend  of  St.  Katharin ;  and  tlie  fixtii  by  the  Prebend  of 
Sr.  Duthack.     And  every  one  of  them  (befides  their   Maintenance) 
had  twenty  Shilling  Scots  yeaily,  and  to  every  one  of  the  forefaid 
Dignities,  Canons  and  Prebends  he  alTigned  certain  Lands  in  Kirk- 
zuall  for  their  Manfions :  The  Charter  of  which  Eretftion  is  ftill  ex> 
tant,  and  dated  at  Kirkzvall  upon  the  1 8th  of  Odlol;er,  1544.     ^^ 
likewile  left  his  noble  Library,  confifting  of  a  moft  valuable  and 
numerous  Colledlion  ot  Books  in  all  the  Sciences   and  Languages, 
to  the  Abbacy  of  Kinlofs,  of  which  he  had  been  Abbot  in  his  youn- 
ger Years.     He  gave  liberal  Allowances  to  four  of  his  Nephews, 
whom  he  Cent  to  the  Univerfity  of  Paris,    who  were  all  of  them 
afterwards  great  Ornaments  to  dieir  Country.     He  likewife  fettled 
two  confidcrable  Funds  to  be  given  yearly,  the  one  for  the  Main- 
tenance  of  Gentlemcns  Sons  at  the  Univcrfities  of  j4berdeen,    St. 
^Andrews  and  Clafgoiu,  that  had  good  Spirits,  but  had  not  where- 
upon to  prolecute  tiieif  Studies :  The  other  was  for  the  Education  of 
youn^    Gentlewomen,     who    were    left  unprovided   for  by  their 
Parents. 

In  the  Year  1557,  the  King  of  France  having  fent  a  Letter  to  die 
Three  Eftates  of  Parliament  in  Scotland,  defiring  that  the  Marriage 
Ihoiild  be  confummared  betwixt  the  Dauphin  of  France  and  the 
young  Qiicen.  The  Parliament  having  accordingly  met  for  tiiat  End,  „„»  b'/th,* 
they  made  Choice  of  our  excellent  Prelate,  with  "^amcs  Arch-Bifhop  ^"s'^'^'i? 
oi  Glajgow,  Da'uid  Bifhop  of  Rofs,  Secretary  of  State,  James  Prior 
of  Sr.  ^Andrews,  the  Qiieen's  Baftard  Brother,  George  Earl  of  RotheSy 
Cill^ert  Earl  of  Cajjils,  James  Lord  Fleeming,  Ccorge  Lord  Seton^ 
Q.nd  John  Er skin  of  Dun,  Tiovofi  of  Montrofe,  to  negotiate  this 
great  Affair.  Thefe  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  having  embark'd  at 
Letth  in  the  Month  of  February,  155^5  by  a  great  Tempeft,  one  of 
tlieir  Ships  that  carried  their  Horfes,  was  Shipwrack'd  at  St.  Ebbs- 
Head,  and  another,  wherein  our  Prelate  and  the  Earl  of  Rothes  were, 
with  all  the  Furniture  for  the  Marriage  (which  was  very  rich  and 
fumptuous)  was  (hipwrack'd  upon  the  Coafts  of  France,  nif;h  to 
'Bul/oign,  the  Earl  and  our  Prelate  hardly  efcaping  in  tlie  Ship's 
Boat  ;  The  reft  of  the  Fleet  arrived  fafely  at  Buuoign,  from  wiience 
all  of  them  went  ftreight  to  Paris,  where  they  were  nobly  receiv'd 
and  cntertain'd  by  the  French  King  ;  and  after  the  Solemnities  of  »,-,  oe.* 
die  Marriage  were  over,  returning  for  Scotland,  our  excellent  ^r^'J^Q,^* 
late  died  fuddenly  at  Diepe,  upon  the  14th  of  September,   1558. 

-Adam  Elder,  a  Monk  of  iCmloJs,  and  Tutor  to  one  of  our  Biftiop's 
Nephews  at  the  Univerfity  of  Paris,  in  a  Latin  Sermon  upon  Sr. 
'Bernard,  makes  a  Comparifon  betwixt  our  Prelate  and  that  Saint, 

N  suid 


5C  The  Life  0/  R  O  B  E  K  T  R  E I D,  Bijhop  of  Orkney.      Vr.l.  / / 1 

C^-^^    and  tells  us,  that  he  was  one  oF  the  mofl  eloquent  Pcrfons  of  his 
^^^/'*^    Ai;e,  either  on  the  Bench,  or  in  the    Pulpit,    hcing  always  agree- 
able, inftruiflivc  and  nervous  in  his  Reafonings;  tliat  his  llxhorta- 
tions  were  pref^ng,  his  Admonitions  ferious,  and  his  Thrcarnings, 
tho'  they  were  accompanied  with   unexprelfible  Veheniciicc   and 
Force,  yet  were  Co  temper'd  with  Mceknels,  that  it  plainly  appe  ir'd 
to   every    one,  that  it  was  nothing  of  a  Chagrinefs  of  "fenipcr, 
or  an  iniulting  and  domineering  Humour,  but  tor  their  Inftrudioii 
and  Salvation  that  made  him  clo  it ;    That  he  was  a  levcre  Difci- 
plinarian,    that  no  Man  in  the  Age  he    lived  in,    knew  the  Civil 
and    Canon  Law  better  than    he    did;    tlia't   he    was    charitable 
beyond  Expredion.     Then  addreitlng   himfclf  to  his  Nephew,  he 
concludes  his  Characftcr  in  thcfe  Words,     Non  enim  eft  necejje  jam 
tibi  enumerare  alia   tlnrima   charitatis  opera,    in  qimns  exercetur 
ejus  henejicentia,    veluti  eft  paupemm  ineclia  firmd  ^  annis  oppref- 
Joruw,  corporali  aliworjia  piaJnblevatio,  piiellarum,  quil/ns  teniiiores 
Jiint  forturiA  auani  iit  popnt  exfohere  dotem,  honefla  m  matrimomum 
collocatio  ;    (jenerofornm  pe^ormn  adolejcentulornm  complurium   in 
jlndio  literario  munificent isfi:}ia  enutrttio.     And  (peaking  of  his  Love 
to  Letters,    he   (ays,    Prorjus  nihil  denique  optimis  iibris  unquam 
praponit,    qui  quanta  plura  eaque  optima  cuniii  generis  meliornm 
literarum  ojolnmina,  nullis  parcens  Jumptihus  hue  quotidie  diligcnter 
conger  it  tanto  pauciora  femper  fe  habere  K^  palam  coram  doilis  dicer  e 
folet  ^  &fiimat  ;  ^  hujufmodi  multa  qus.  dinumerare  longum  ejfet. 
We  have  nothing  of  this  learned  Prelate's  Writings,  but  a  Dedrip- 
tion  of  the  Orkney  Iflands,    the  Verity  of  which  was  fworn  to  by 
him  and  his  Prebends,  to  fatisfy  the  King  of  Denmark,  at  whole 
Defire  it  was  undertaken  ;    and  this  is  (lill  extant  in  MS.  and  con- 
f\(is  of  about  a  Quair  of  Paper  in  folio,  and  was  in  the  Cullody  of 
the  Reverend  Mr.  Robert  Norrie  Minifter  at  Lockozvay  near  Forfar. 
I  have  tikcwife  in  my  Cuftody  a  MS.  Genealogy  of  the  Family  of 
the  Sinclairs,  (ent  by  this  Piclare  to  the  King  oi  Demnark;  which 
is  all  that  I  know  of  his  that  is  extant.     So  I  fhall  conclude  his  Life 
with  the   following   Verfes,    compos'd  by  the  above-mentioned 
Adam  Elder. 

Qjtid  tentem  angufio  perfiringere  carmine  laudes 

Q_uas  nulla  eloquii  njis  celebrare  queat. 
Clarus  es  eloquio,  ccelo  dignijjme  Pnrfuly 

Antiqua  generis  nobilitate  njiges, 
Commijjumque  gregem  pafcis,  relevafque  jacentem, 

Exemplo  ducens  ad  meliora  tuo  ; 
Ac  njelut  exoriens  terris  fol  difcutit  umbras^ 

Illuflras  radiis  peitora  caca  tuis. 
Hortaris  tardos,  objurgas,  corripis  omnes, 

In  mala  prxcipites  quos  vetus  error  agit. 
Pauperibus  tua  te£ia  patent,  tua  prompta  'voluntas. 

At  que  bonis  femper  dexter  a  larga  tua  efl, 
Nemo  lupos  melius  facris  ab  ovilibus  arcet^  ' 

Ne  Chrifii  lanient  diripiant've  gregem,  Ergo 


VoJ.  III.       The  Life  of  KOJ^EKT  KLID.  Btjhop  of  Orkney;  J7 

Er^o  pia  ob  fiudia,  ^  magna,  durofque  laboresy  ?:r^ 

Jlle  Veus  pacts,    det  tibt  pace  frm.  vArv 

Conccdatque  tuis  fucctdant  omnia  'votis, 
Et  bona  Juccejjus  adjuvet  aura  tuos. 


I.  A 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 


Geographical  Defer ipt ion  of  the  Iflands  of  Orkney. 

II.  ^Genealogical  and  Htforicai  jiccount  of  the  Family  of  the 
Sinclairs  :  Both  tliefe  were  wrote  at  the  JDefire  of  the  King  of 
Denmark,  and  (till  extant  in  MS. 


T 


The  Life  of  Mr.  TATRlCJ^  COCI{BURN, 
Profe/Tor  of  the  Oriental  Languages  at 
Tariff  and  Minifter  of  Haddingtoun. 

HIS  Gentleman  was  a  Son  of  the  Laird  of  Lang-   hi,  Birth 

touns  in  the  Mr j  {a),  and  had  his  Education  at  o"'! ^''"""' 

theUniverfity  ofSt.^w^rfzyj;  where,  after  he  had 

finifhed  the  Courfe  of  his  Studies  in  the  Belles- 

____^  Lettres  and  Philofophy,  he  applied  himfclf  to  tlie 

Study  oftlie  Oriental  Languages  and  Theology  :  And  having  entred 

into  Holy  Orders,  he  went  over  to  the  Univerlity  oi  Paris,    where p"f/ffo?of* 

he  tauglit  the  Oriental  Languages  for  feveral  Y6ars  with  qrcat  Ap-u„°','""' 

plaufe.     In  the  Year  1 551   he  publifh'd  a  Book  upon  the  Ufefulnefs"  ^""^ 

and  Excellency  of  the  Word  ot  God ;  and  the  next  Year  at  the  fame 

Place  he  publifhed  another  concerning  the  vulgar  Phrafe  and  Stile 

of  the  facred  Scriptures :    Thefe  two  Books  having  brought   him 

under  the  Sufpicion  of  favouring  the  Opinions  of  the  Reformers,  he  j^ , 

was  obliged  to  leave  the  Univerfity  of  Paris,  and  return  to  Scotland  ^""'""".'nd 

where  he  embrac'd  the  Reformation,  and  taught  the  Languages  for»^'«''<''»"i-' 

fome  Years  at  St.  oAndrexvs  :  And  in  the  Year  1555  he  publi/hed  at'"" 

^t.  Andrews  fome  pious  Meditations  upon  the  Lord's  Prayer;  after 

this  he  was  made  Minifter  at  Haddingtoun,  and  wai  the  firfl  of  tiie 

Reformed  Religion  who  preached  in  that  Place. 

Bcfides  tlie  Writings  wliicli  our  Author  publifhed  durin^^  his  own  akAccodbi 

Life,  he  left  beliijid  iiim  in  MS.  a  Book  upon  the  Apoftles  Creed,  g"'^'"*'"^ 

Book  upon  Juftification,  and  aCatechifm  :  To  which  Dempfter  adds 

a  Book  upon  the  Sin  againft  the  Holy  Ghoftj  a  Book  ot  Epiftles, 

and  a  Book  of  Orations :    But  I  ihall  only  take  Notice  of  his  Booi^ 

upon  the  Apoftles  Creed,  and  according  to  my  propos'd  and  ufual 

Metliod,  give  the  Reader  a  brief  Wxiioiy  of  this  Creed,  which  our 

Ailthor  propofcs  as  the  only  Standard  of  our  Faith. 

N  1  The 

' ■—         ■  ■ — •—  ] 

\'l  Vid.  IXmrUti,  Ub.  ).  f.  il}.    tfocf*.  Ub.  >,    Cluf Kt'i  MS.  CoL  of  Sc()t«  Vftiw,    p«nM  m: 


An.   IJS9- 


Tht  H.Hory 
rf  ihf  Apo- 
diet  Creca. 


51         <ri)e  Life  of  M.I.  PATRICK  COCKHUHN,  (Sfc.       Vol.  II  f. 

The  common  or  vulgar  Opinion  is,    That  the  CrecJ  which  goes 
now  under  the  Name  of  the  Apoftles,  was  cotnpofcd  by  them,  but 
the   Criticks   are   not  agreed  citlicr  as  to  the 'iimc  when  they  ihd 
it,  their  Manner  of  doing  it,  or   their  J)engn    in  doing  ir.     And, 
firjly    As  to  the  Time,  ibme  think,  with  Rtifjirtus  (a)  and   Ifitlor, 
That  it  was  compos'd  the  fame  Year  in  which  our  Saviour  died,  a 
little  Time  after  die  Defccnt  of  the  HolyChoft:  Ikir  Cardinal  r>a- 
ronins,  and  others  (I;)  are  of  Opinion,  That  theycompofed  it  in  the 
iecond  Year  of  tlie  Empire  o(  CLii^cliiis,  a  little  before  they  (eparute  ; 
but   botli  thc(e  Opinions  are  but  Conjedures.     In  the  lecond  and 
third  Centuries  we  find  almo(\  as  many  different  Creeds,  as  there 
were  ditlerent  Authors.     Thus  St.  IrenxHs  has  one,  Book  i.  Ca^.  i. 
and  another,  Booki.  Cap.l.     Tfr/«///rt«  has  three  different  ones  in 
lii^  Book  oi  Prejcriptions,    in  his  Book  againfl  Praxetis^  and  in  his 
15ook  concerning  the   vailing  of  Virgins.     Origen  has  likewifc  two 
different  ones  (c).     And  all  of  them  differing  from   the  Vulgar, 
which  is  now  received  both  by  the  Church  of  Rome.,  and  the  Reform'd 
Churches.     And    in  the  ^.th  Century,     RujjinHs  has  compar'd  the 
three  different  Creeds,  or  Symbols  of  the  CJiurch  of  ylqiiileia,iUc 
Eaftern  Cluirch,  and  the  Weftein  Church,  ai.d  fhows  in  what  they 
differ;  and  how  all  of  them  differ  from  the  Vulgar,  will  appear  by 
the  following  Table. 

(,j^  Vid.  Ruff.  Fxpo.  Symb.  Ifid.  Lib.  i.  de  Off.  C»p.  ii.     (t)  Vid.  Baron,  ad  annum.      (0  Vid.    Sici.     Hift 
Lib  I.  Sotom.  Lib.  i. 


The  Four  ancient  Creeds  of  the  Chrijlim  Church  compared  together. 


The  Vulgar. 


I  Believe  in   God   the  Ft- 
iher,     Almighty  Maker 
of  Heaven  and  l:ar(h. 

II. 
And  in  JefusChnft  hit  only 
Son  our  Lord. 

III. 
\fho  was   conceived  by  the 
Holy   Ghoft,     born  of  the 
Viiirin  M*r). 
IV. 
Suffered  under  Pinliu$ViUlt, 
crucified,    dead  and  buried, 
he  defcended  into  Hell. 

V. 
The  third  Day  he  rofc  ftotn 
the  dead. 

VI, 
He   afcended    into   Heaven, 
and  ruieth  at  the  right  Hand 
ef  God  the  Father  Almighty: 

VII. 
From  thence  he  (hall  come 
to  judge  the  Quick  and  the 
Dead. 

VIM. 
I  believe  in  the  Holy  Ghoft. 

IX. 
The  Holy  Cilhnlick  Church, 
the  Communion  of  Sainti, 

X. 
The  Remiffi'in  of  Sins. 

XI. 
The    Refuttetlion   of   the 
Flelh. 

XII. 
Life  cvetlalling.    Airitf, 


The  A  CI.U  I »-  s  r  A  N. 


I 


Believe  in  one  Got?,  the 

Father  Almighty. 


II. 


And  in  Chiif)  Jefui  hil  Only 
Son  our  Lord. 
III. 
Who  was  born  of  the  Holy 
Ghoft  by  the  Vitgm  M"}- 

IV. 

Crucified  under  V'tilim  Vi- 
Ule,    defcended    into   Htll. 

V: 

lie  [ami, 

VI. 

He    afcended    into  Heaven, 

andfittcth  atthe  right  Hand 

of  God  the  Father. 

vn. 

The  fdmt^ 

vin. 

And  in  the  Holy  Ghoft. 

IX. 
I    believe    in    the    Holjr 
Church. 

X. 
the  fame, 

XI. 
The    Refurrcdion    of   thil 
Fleih. 

XII. 


The   E  A  S  T  K  Pt  N. 


I  Believe  in  one  God,  (he 
Father  Almighty,    Invi- 
fible  and  Imparfible. 

II. 
And  in  our  only  LorJ  Jefus 
Cliiill  lilt  Sun. 
III. 
71i>  fame   uiilk   ihit  ef 
At^uileia. 

IV. 
Crucified   under  Tcnliii$  fi- 
iate^  and  buried. 

V, 
jfie  /«ffl(.' 

VI. 
ne  fame   viilh  that  ef 
Aquilcia. 

VI!. 
iTba  fame, 

VIII. 
The  fame   will    that  ef 
A^uileia. 

EX. 
The  fame   with  that  ef 
Aquileia. 

X. 
jrJe   fame, 
XI. 
1%c    fame    evttb  iht 
Vulgar. 

^       xir. 

Waalms. 


Tin  Western. 

I. 

I  Believe   in  Cod    th« 
Father  Almighty. 

II. 

And    in    Chrift    Jefus  his 
Only  Son  our  Lord. 
III. 
the  fame    iuilb  that  •/ 
Aquileia, 

IV. 

Tie  fame   with    Iha 
Eailern. 

V. 
The  fame. 

VI. 
The  fame   viith  that  ef 
Aquileia. 

VII. 

The  fame. 

VIIL 
The  fame  viilh  that  ef 
Aquileia. 

IX. 
The  fame  with  that  ef 
Aquileia. 

X. 

The  fame, 

XI. 

The  fame    viilb   tha 

Vulvar. 

XU. 
yYam.ng. 

Now 


Vol.111.       The  Life  of  Mr.  VAT  KICK  COC  K]i\JKhi,^c.  5^ 

No>v  all  ot  rhele  Creeds  are  laid   to  be   the  true  Apoftolick^V^^ 
Creed  :  And,  Firjl,  As  to  the  Wejlcrn  Churcli,  Rnffimis  in  his  Pre- ^A/^ 
Face  to  his  Expoiition,  (ays,  That  the  Church  ot  Rome  kept  clofs 
to  the  Apoftles  Creed,  without  tlie  leart  \''ariation;  and  accordin^r 
to  that  every  one  was  baptized  ;  but  in  all  the  reft  of  the  Churched 
(everal  other  Things  were  added,  becaufe  oi  the  new  HcrcHes  that 
had  fprun'j;  up  aniongft  tliem  ;  wiiereas  at  Rome  there  never  havin^ 
been  any  Hercfies,    there  was  no  Necellitv  of  any  Vaiiation.     Hii 
VVords  arc.  Hind  non  ir/.-portune  commoncndum  puto,  quod  in  diver/is^ 
Ecclejiis  aliqua  in  his  vcrl^is  inveninntur  ddjecfa  ;  in  Ecclejia  tawcn 
urLis  Roni.v,    hoc  non  deprehenditur  failum.,    quod  ego  propterea  ejfe 
arhitror,  nnod  ncque  H&refis  nlla  illic  fimipfit  exordium  :  Et  mos  ihi 
Jcrv,Tliir  antiqiMS,    eos  qui  ^ratiam  Baptijmi  Jufcepturi  fnnt  puUice, 
id  cfl,   Fidclium  populo  undiente,  fymboiiim  reddere,    d^  utiquc  ad- 
je{(tonem  tinius  jiutem  fermonis  eorum  qui  pr£ccjJerMnt  in  Fide  noti 
rtd-f/^iittit  atiditus^  in  c&teris  autem  (ocis,  qiumtutn  intelli^t  datur^  prop- 
ter   nonnrdlos   H^reticos  addita  qti&dam   njidentur  per  qi4£  novella 
doilrin&  fcnftis  credcrctiir  excludi :  nos  tamen  ilium  ordinem  feqiiimur 
quern  in  Acjuileicnfi  Ecclefia  per  Lavacri gratiam  [nfccpimus.     And 
St.  QyJmlfrofe  in  his  8tli  Epiftle  to  Siricus  fays,    Tiiat  the  Apoftolicic 
Creed,  which  the  Church  of  Rome  has  always  inviolably  prcferved, 
is  tlie  Standard  of  our  Belief.     Credatur  ((ays  he)  Sj»wolo  (tApo- 
jlolorum  quod  Ecclefia  Romana  intcmeratum  femper  cufodit  ^  Jer- 
<vat.     And  Vigilius  Tapfenfs,    in  his  4th   Book  againft  Eutichiusy 
wrote  in  the  jdi  Centuij,  Jays,  That  Rome  delivered  the  Apoftoli- 
cal  Creed  to  the  Faitluul,    before  and   after  the  Church  of  Nice^ 
always  in  the  (ame  Manner.     Roma  ( (ays  he)  ^  antequam  Nicena 
Synodus  con'venerat^  a  temporibus   ^poflolorum  ujque   ad  nunc  itd 
fidelibus  Symbolum  tradidit 

Amongll  the  Spaniards  in  die  7th  Century,  wc  find  the  Apofllc? 
Creed  delivered  in  a  difl'erent  Manner  from  that  of  the  IVeflem 
Creed,  in  Etherius,  Bifhop  of  Vxam\  Book  againft  Elipandus, 
Arch-Bifhop  of  Toledo,  who  lias  it  thus  : 

"  1  believe  in  God  the  Father  Almighty,  ind  inJefusChrift  hi? 
"  only  Son  our  God,  and  our  Lord,  who  was  born  of  the  Holy  Ghoft 
"  and  the  Virgin  cy^ary,  fuffercd,  under  Pontius  Pilate,  crucified 
"  and  buried  ;  defcended  into  Hell,  on  the  third  Day  he  arofe  alive 
*'  from  the  dead,  afcended  into  Heaven,  and  fits  at  the  right  Hand 
"  of  God  the  Father  Almighty ;  from  whence  he  is  to  come  to 
"  )iidge  the  (^^uick  and  the  Dead.  I  believe  in  the  Holy  Ghoft,  the 
"■  Holy  Catholick  Church,  the  Rcmiflion  of  all  our  Sins,  the  Ke-' 
*'  (urrcdion  of  the  Flefh,  and  Life  eternal,     ^men. 

Behold  (fays  liej  the  Apoftolick  Faith  in  which  wc  are  baptized, 
which  we  believe  and  profefs.  Eccc  fidem  u4poJlolicam  in  qua 
Laptiz^ati  jumuSy  quam  credimus  £5*  tenewus.  But  both  this  and  the 
ancient  Roman  Creed  differ  from  the  Creed  now  received  as  the 
Apoftlcs  Creed  in  the  Church  of  Rome.  Then  as  to  the  Bafiern 
Ctiurdics  this  is  a  greater  Variety  of  different  Creeds,    the  mofl: 

O  ancient 


^         qie  Life  of  Mr.  P^T^iCK  CQCKBUBN,  (Sfc.       Vol.  III. 

r>^^-^    anciciu  oi  whicli  is  that  oi  jeruJnUm^    compared  by  Riiffmis,  with 
C)iv»w    the  Wejiern  and  yfcjuileian  as  above :    Another  is  (et  down  by  St* 
Cyri//  in  liis  Catechifnis  ;  tliiis, 

«'  I  believe  in  one  God,    the  Father  Almighty,    the   Maker  of 
«  Heaven  and  Earth,  and  of  all  Things  vifible  and  invidble  ;  and  in 
"  one  Lord  Jefus  Chrirt,  the  only  begotten  Son  of  Cod,  begotten 
"  of  the  Father  before  all  Ages ;  the  true  God,  by  whom  all  Things 
*'  were  made,    who  was  incarnate  and   made   Man,    crucified  and 
"  buried  ;  he  arofethe  third  Day  from  the  dead,  and  adcndcd  into 
"  Fieaven,  and  fits  at  the  right  Hand  of  the  Father,  and  is  to  come 
"  in  Glory  to  judge  the  Qiiick  and  the  Dead  ;  of  whole  Reign  there 
*'  is  no  F.nd  :   And  in  one  Holy  Ghoft  the  Paraclet,  who  (pake  by 
"  the  Prophets,  and  in  one  Baptifin  of  Repentance  for  the  Remii- 
•'  fion  of  Sins ;  and  in  one  Holy  Catholiclc   Church  ;    and  in  the 
"  Refurredlion  of  the  Flcfh  ;  and  in  Lite  eternal. 

St.  Jerom  in  his  Book  of  Eccleliaftical  Writers,  alFures  us,  That 
St.  Cyril  compos'd  his  Catechifms  which  he  taught  to  the  Catechu- 
mens in  his  Youth,  "70  Years  ?fter  the  Rife  of  the  ManichAan  He- 
refie,  To  that  this  Creed  was  what  was  received  and  taught  at  Jem- 
Jalem  about  the  Year  of  our  Lord  3  50.  The  Council  of  Nice 
having  met  in  the  Month  of  ful)\  in  the  Year  315,  ^rius  o.  Prcf- 
byter  m  the  Church  of  y^lexandria,  prefented  the  Fathers  of  that 
Council  with  the  following  Creed  of  the  Church  of  jiUxciri' 
dria  {a). 

"  We  believe  one  God  the  Father  Almiginy,  and  in  our  Lord 
"  Jefus  Chrift  his  Son,  begotten  of  him  before  all  Ages,  the  God- 
"  Word  by  whom  all  Things  both  in  Heaven  and  Earth  were  made, 
"  who  came  and  was  incarnate,  and  FufFered  and  rofe  again,  and 
"  afcended  into  Heaven,  and  is  to  come  again  to  judge  the  Qiiick: 
"  and  the  Dead  :  And  in  the  Holy  Ghoft  :  And  in  the  Refurrertion 
*'  of  the  Flefh  :  And  in  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven :  And  m  the  Ca- 
"  tholick  Church  of  God,  which  h  from  the  one  End  of  the  Earth 
«  to  the  other. 

EHJebim  Bifhop  of  Cefarea  {b)  prefented  die  Fathers  of  the  fame 
Council  with  the  following  Creed  of  the  Church  oiPalejliri,  telling 
them.  That  it  was  what  they  had  received  from  the  Bifhops  that 
preceeded  them,  and  what  they  were  taught  at  their  Initiation  in 
the  Chriftian  Religion,  what  they  received  at  their  Baptifm,  what 
they  learned  from  the  facred  Scriptures,  and  what  both  Bifliops  and 
Presbyters  taught  to  their  People  :  Which  is  as  follows, 

"  We  believe  in  one  God  the  Fadier  Almighty,  the  Maker  of  all 
"  Things  vifible  and  invifible,  and  in  one  Lord  Jefus  Chrift  the 
«  Word  of  God,  God  of  God,  Light  of  Light,  Life  of  Life,  the 
*'  only  begotten  Son  of  God,  the  Firit-born  of  all  Creatures,  begot- 
**  ten  of  the  Father  before  all  Ages,  and  by  whom  all  Things  were 
"  made ;  who  for  our  Salvation  was  incarnate,  and  conver/ed 
^'  amongft  Men,    and  futfered  and  rofe  again  upon  the  third  Day, 

"  and 

U)  Vtd.  Sact,  HiA.  Lib.  i.  Sszoni<  Lib.  t.    (i)  £uf«b.  £fiA.  ad  CzOi.  iatct  Opera,  Tor/i.  %,  Pa;,  48.  HJit.  Comeli. 


Vol.  III.      rheLifeofMr.VkTKlCY.  COCKBURN,  ^l ^ 

"  and  afcended  to  the  Fatlier,    and  is  to  come  again  in  Glory    to^>yC^' 
«  judge  the  Quick  and  the  Dead  :    And  we  believe  in  one  HoivC^V^ 
"  Ciholt.  ■ 

This  Creed,  or  ConfefTion  of  Faith  was  unanimoufly  received  bv 
the  Emperor  Confiantin  {a%  and  the  Fathers  of  the  Council  of  mJ 
but  for  a  clearer  Refutation  of  the  ^rrian  Herefie,  which  was  then 
ipruiig  up,  they  propofed  it  to  the  Churches,  with  thefe  Interoo- 
lations.  " 

"  We  believe  in  one  God,  the  Father  Almighty,  the  Maker  of 
''  all  Things  vi/Ible  and  invifible,  and  in  one  Lord  Jefus  Clirift  the 
«  Son  of  God,  begotten  of  his  Father ;  the  only  Son  that  is  of  the 
"  fame  Subftance  with  the  Father;  God  of  God  ;  Light  of  Light- 
«  very  God  of  very  God  j  begotten,  not  made  j  confubftantial  witlJ 
«  the  Father,  by  whom  all  Things  were  made  that  are  in  the  Fiea- 
"  vens,  and  that  are  in  the  Earth  ;  \vho  for  us  Men,  and  for  our 
"Salvation,  defcended,  was-incarnate  and  made  Man,  fufFered  ard 
«  rofe  again  upon  the  third  Day,  afcended  into  Heaven,  to  come 
"  again  to  judge  the  Quick  and  the  Dead :  And  in  the  Holv 
*'  Ghofl:.  •* 

The  Fathers  of  this  Council  proceeded  no  further  at  this  Time 
than  this  Confeflion  of  the  Trinity,  becaufe  Eufcims  had  gone  no 
further  in  his  Creed  or  Confeilion  of  Faith,  and  that  the  t^rrian 
Herefie  which  was  then  in  Agitation,  required  no  more  at  that  Time 
afterwards  we  find  a  much  larger  Confeflion  of  their  Faith  in  Epi*. 
■phanms  {b)^  as  follows,  ^ 

"  We  believe  in  God  the  Father  Almighty,  Maker  of  Heaven  and 
"  Earth,    and  of  all  Things  vifible  and  invifible,  and  in  one  Lord 
"  Jefus  Chrifl,  the  only  begotten  Son  of  God  ;  begotten  of  his  Fa- 
tlier before  all  Worlds,  confubflantial  wirh  the  Father ;  very  God 
♦'of  very  God;  Light  of  Light;  begotten,  not  made;  of  one  Sub- 
"  ftancc  with  the  Fatlier  ;  by  whom  all  Things  \vtr&  made  tiiat  arc 
"  in  the  Heavens  and  in  the  Earth  ;  who  for  us  Men,  and  for  our 
"  Salvation  came  down  from  Heaven,    and  was  incarnate  by  the 
«  Holy  Giiofl  of  the  Virgin  Mary ;  and  was  made  Man,  and  was 
■"  crucified  alfo  for  us  under  Pontius  Pibfe  ;  he  fiiffered  and  was 
"  buried,  and  the  third  Day  he  arofe  again,  accordin^^  to  the  Scrip, 
"  tures,  and  afcended  into  Heaven,  and  fitteth  on  tlie  right  Hand 
"  of  the  Father ;  and  he  fhall  come  again  with  Glory,  to  judcre  both 
*'  die  Quick  and  the  Dead ;   whofe  Kingdom  fliall  have  no  End  • 
"  And  in  the  Holy  Giioft,    the  Lord  and  Giver  of  Life  who  pro- 
«  cecdeth  from  the  Father ;  who,  with  die  Father  and  the  Son  to^ 
"  gcthcr,  is  worfhipped  and  glorified  ;  who  fpake  by  the  Prophets, 
"aiidinoneHolyCatholick  and  Apoflolick  Church  :  Weacknow- 
"  ledge  one  Baptifm  for  the  RemifTion  of  Sins :    We  expecfl  the 
"  Rcfurrcaion  of  tlie  dead,    and  the  Life  of  the  World  to  come. 
"  y/ww".     Tiiis  Faith,  faith  Epiphanius,  was  delivered  by  die  holy 
Apolllcsiii  tiic  Church,  and  in  the  Holy  City  embraced  by  all  the 
^       . -^ ^  ^  Bifhops. 


^6         The  Lfje  of  Mr.  ['^T  KICK  COCK  RVRU,  (^c.       Vol.  III. 

/^•^^^-^    Bifhops,  bcin"   above  510  in  Number;    aiul  the  fame  Ef>i[^htinius 
v^w    tells  us,  that  the  Book  in  which  he  infeics  this  Creed  was  compose] 
ill  the  Year  ^74. 

Thcfe  aie  all  the  ancient  Creeds  or  ConfefTioris  of  Faitli  nvide 
ufe  of  in  the  firll  four  Centuries,  for  the  ylthaniifian  Creed  was  not 
known  till  the  6th  Century,  and  was  probably,  as  the  learned  Fa- 
ther Gluefiid  has  Oiown,  the  Work  of  Vi^tlius  Tapfcn/is  :  The 
followm"  Aii,es  of  the  Church  have  imitated  the  Council  ot\Nice, 
by  addiiv'  always  new  Articles  againft  the  Heretics  that  arofe  in 
cac!i  Af;e ;  but  our  Author  makes  that  of  the  Apoftlcs  as  vulgarly 
receivecl  the  Standard  of  our  Faith,  and  has  left  us  a  very  learned 
Commentary  upon  each  Article. 

Ah'.  Cockburn  having  attained  to  a  great  Age,  died  at  Hadd'tng- 
.n"'ch"»-  mm  in  the  Beginning  of  the  Year  1559.  Dempfler  fays,  That  he 
*'"'  was  fo  well  (een  in  tlie  Latin,  Greek  and  Hebrew  Languages,  that 
there  were  but  (cvj  eitiier  in  France  of  in  Europe  that  could  equal 
him  ;  he  taught  with  great  Fame  and  Applaufe,  as  we  have  faid, 
the  Oriental  Languages  in  the  Univerfity  of  Paris ;  and  by  the 
VVritin2;s  he  has  left  behind  him,  it  appears  that  he  was  not  only 
well  skilled  in  them,  but  likewife  in  tiie  Writings  of  the  Fatliers 
and  Schoolmen  :  And  as  he  was  by  far  the  learnedfl  among  the 
Scots  Reformers,  fo  he  was  the  moderated,  being  a  great  Enemy 
to  the  violent  and  rebellious  Methods  that  his  Brediren  were  en- 
"af!ed  in. 

D    D 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

I    r^Ratio  deVtilitate  ^  Excellentia  writ  Vet,  Par.  1557  in 

yj  8vo. 

II.  T)e  vulgar ifacrd  Scripture  Phra/t,  Par.  1551.  in  8vo. 

III.  In  orationem  Vomtnicam  pia  Meditatio,  S.  Andrew  1 555,  in 

I  imo. 

IV.  In  Sywholum  jipofolicum  Comment.  Lend.  Ij'dl,  in  410. 

V.  Ve  Jtifttficatione. 

VI.  CatechiJ'mus. 

VII.  De  peccato  in  Spirttum  SanCium. 

VIII.  EpljioU. 

IX.  Orationes. 


THE 


Vol.  Ill  ^ 


THE 

LIFE  of  QUINTIN  KENNEDY 

Abbot  of  Crofs-Raguel. 


An.  1554. 


H I S  learned  Gentleman  was  defccnded  from  the   «>'  Birth, 
the  noble  and  ancient  Family  of  the  Kennedies  \r\l"ihi^a- 
Ctirrkk  ;   his  Father  was  Gilbert  Kennedy  Earl  of"" 
Cajjils,    and  his  Mother  Lady  Ifdella  Campbell, 

Daughter  oi  Archibald  I.2ix\  of  ^rg\le  {a).     He 

was  born  in  the  Reign  of  Kin^  James  V.  and  had  his  Education  at 
the  Univerfity  of  Glajgozo ;  where,  after  he  had  finifhed  his  Studies  h* 
in  the  Belles-Let tres  and  Philofophy,  he  was  fent  by  his  Parents  to |'"„f""'"'''^ 
the  Univerfity  o(  Paris,  where  he  ftudied  Theology,  and  the  Civil  EncVrmo 
and  Canon  Law.  And  having  entred  into  Holy  Orders,  he  return'd  to'""'"'"'' 
his  native  Country,  and  was  made  Prior  of  Whithorn,  and  Abbot  and ^'"d"  AbV,? 
Commendator  of  Crofs-Raguel  in  Galloway.  iLn'^''^' 

Tlie  Reformation  happening  about  this  Time,  our  Author  being 
one  of  the  Icarnedeft  Perfons  amongft  the  Romijh  Clergy  in  Scot- 
land ;  he  undertook  the  Defence  of  their  Caufe  againft  the  Refor- 
mers; and  publifhed  in  the  Year  1558,  a  Book  concerning  the 
Judge  of  Controverfies,  without  the  Name  of  the  Printer,  or  the 
Place  where  it  was  printed  :  About  the  Year  i  ^61  Spotfwood  fays  (^), 
That  he  publifhed  a  Cathechifm,  which  was  anfwered  by  John  Knox; 
he  had  likewife  feveral  Conferences  with  Mr.  Wi/heart,  Mr.  David- 
Jon,  Mr.  Willox  and  Mr.  Knox  .  And  George  Con  in  his  Twofold 
State  of  Religion  amongft  the  Scots,  fays  (c),  That  our  Author  for 
tiiree  Days  niaintain'd  a  publick  Difpute  in  Defence  of  the  Catho- 
lick  Religion,  for  which  he  was  imprifon'd  in  the  Year  1 561  j  and  DnftnedV^ 
he  had  not  efcaped  with  his  Life,  had  it  not  been  for  his  Family  ****'*"'• 
and  Qiiality  :  And  this  Spotfwood  acknowledges  in  thefe  Words, 
Tlje  oAuthor  ffays  hej  fpeaking  of  our  Abbot,  m  regard  of  his  Jge 
and  §i^altty  of  Birth  {for  he  ivas  of  the  Houje  o/Callils)  was  thouglit 
ft  tobe  overjecn. 

Of  all  our  Author's  Writings,    I  have  only  feen  his  Book  of  the 
Judge  of  Controverfies  in  i\to,  in  the  Black  Saxon  Letter,  the  Title 
of  which  runs  thus,  ^ne  compendius  Tra6liw  conform  to  the  Scrip- ^(^^^Zt 
tttris  of  ^Imychtie  God,  Rejjoun  and  Authority,  declaring  the  nerreft 
and  only  Way,  to  eftabliche  the  Confcience  of  ane  Chripiane  <^Man, 
in  all  Matters  (qubilks  ar  in  Debate)  concerning  Faith  and  Religion, 
Jett  furth  be  Maifler  Qiiintin  Kennedy,  Commendator  of  the  yihhay 
of  Crofragucl,    and  dedicat  to  his  deerefl  and  befl  beluifft  Nepuo, 
Gilbert  Mefer  o/Cartillis.     In  the  Zeir  of  Cod^  Ane  thoujandf^e 
fjoundreth  fifty  aught  Zeris. 

P  His 

■" 

{/,)  WiS.  GtiHiiui)  «(  <U  HoMttj  of  Uo\\ai,  pta«i  mi.   (0  VM,  iA.  4.  P>(.  il)-    (0  Lib.  ».  U^.  \y(. 


58  T/;f  L//f  0/Q.UINTIN  KHNNI'DY,  Vol.  III. 

'^i;^^  His  other  Works,  accord  in};  to />w/>/?fr  (rt),  arc,  /I/iook  upon 
>^^  the  Sacrifice  of  the  Q^MaJs,  ^  Book  a^ainjl  the  [.iitlicrians,  fourteen 
Heads  of  a  Controverfie  agninfl  George  VViihcair :  All  thefc  Hooks 
((ays  lie)  are  priiited  :  But  there  are  flill  extant  in  MS.  his  ////- 
Jiier  to  John  DavidfonV  Book,  a  ]5ook  upon  ylbflinertce,  a  Hook 
upon  the  Marriage  of  the  Clergy,  a  Book  concerning  the  Vfe  of 
Images,  A  Challenge  given  to  VVillox  utton  the  I'yth  of  March  i  5<>i, 
An  Exvoll Illation  concerning  the  Fraud  and  In/piety  o/"  John  Knox, 
An  Oration  upon  the  Obedience  that  is  due  to  fnperior  Powers, 
Ipoke  upon  die  lart  Day  of  Augtifi,  i  561,  and  a  J5ook  upon  the 
Beal  Prefence  of  Chrifl  in  the  Eucharifl.  His  Book  upon  the  Judge 
of  Controverfies  comams  18  Chapters,  wherein  he  treats  of  all  tlic 
Controveriles  betwixt  the  Church  oF  Rome  and  the  Reformed 
Churches;  but  his  main  Drift  is  to  (how  the  many  Inconvenicncies 
that  would  arife  from  making  the  Scripture  the  Judge  of  Controver- 
fies,  or  our  own  private  Judgment  and  Opinion ;  and  therefore  he 
ftrenuouHy  Labours  to  have  the  Decilion  ot  the  Church  the  folc 
Jud"e  of  all  Controverfies  in  Religion,  according  to  the  cxprefs 
Precept  of  the  Gofpel,  He  that  will  not  give  ear  unto  the  Church, 
let  him  be  Anathema  Maranatha.  And  this  Infallibility  of  the 
Church  he  eftablifhcs  in  the  Decifion  of  the  General  Councils,  and 
then  proceeds  to  acquaint  his  Reader  what  thefe  General  Councils 
are,  and  upon  what  Occafions  they  were  called  ;  but  for  fear  of 
increadni;  t\\Q  Bulk  of  his  Book  too  much,  he  proceeds  no  furdier 
than  the  firfl:  four  General  Councils,  and  then  proceeds  to  common 
Topicks  ufed  in  tiie  Controverfies  betwixt  the  Papifts  and  Protertants ; 
but  we  fhall  only  trouble  the  Reader  with  the  Lift  of  the  General 
Councils  after  our  Author's  Method. 

The  I  ft,  was  diat  of  the  Apoftles  mentioned  in  the  1 5th  Chapter 

th*G;«»[of  the^^/j,    in  the  Year  of  our  Lord  51,  againft  thofe  who  com- 

^oTwh'r'mitted  Fornication,  did  eat  Blood,  Things 'ftrangled,  and  Things 

^iTcmH  offered  to  Idols.     But  our  Author  makes  not  this  die  firft  Council, 

but  diat  of  Ntce. 

The  id,  was  the  firft  Council  of  Nice,  a  City  in  Bithynia,  called 
by  die  Emperor  Ci9«/?rt«//>z,  towards  the  Month  of  fuly,  315,  con- 
fifting  of  about  300  or  518  Biftiops,  againft  Arrius  a  Presbyter  of 
Alexandria  in  Egypt,  who  affirmed,  That  the  Word  or  the  Son  of 
God  was  created  out  of  nothing,  that  he  is  not  equal,  and  of  the 
fame  Nature  with  his  Father ;  tnat  diere  was  a  Time  in  which  the 
Son  of  God  was  not,  and  that  the  Father  could  not  then  be  called 
his  Father.  Our  Author  forbears  to  make  mention  of  this  Herefie 
of  Arrius,  becaufe  (fays  he)  the  Age  we  live  in,  is  too  apt  to  receive 
and  embrace  new  and  dangerous  Opinions. 

The  3d,  is  the  Council  of  Confiantinople,  held  in  the  Years  381, 

^8i  and  385,  againft.  the  Ennomians,    Anomians,   Arrians,  Eudo- 

xians,  Semiarians,  Marcellians,  Photinians,  Apollinaris,  and  others 

that  denied  the  Holy  Ghoft,  whom  they  called  the  Lord  enlivening 

^ that 

(4)  Lik  10,  Pag,  419. 


59 


Vol.  III.  Abbot  of  Crofs-Ragutl. 

tliar  proceeds  from  the  Father,   and  who  ought  to  be  adored  and'^-^^^^ 

glorified  with  the  Father^   and  the  Son,    who  fpoke  by  the  Pro-v^v^J' 

phets. 

Tlic  4iii,    is  the  Council  of  Bphefi^s^    called  by  the  Emperor 

ThcoriofiHs  the  younger,  in  the  Year  431,  againft  Neforius  Bifhop 

oF  Confl.intinopley    who  affirmed,    That  the  Title,  Mother  of  God, 

could  not  properly  be  given  to  the  Virgin  Mary. 

The  5tli,  is  the  Council  of  Chalcedon,  called  ih  the  Year  45"!, 

againft  Entjchius  a  Prieft  in  Conflamimple,    who  affirmed,    That 

there  was  but  one  Nature  in  Jefus  Chrift. 

The  6ih,  is  the  fecond  General  Council  of  Conflantimple^  called 
by  the  Emperor  Juftinian,  upon  May  jd,  '^'y^^,  againft  the  Tljrit 
Chapters ;  of  which  we  have  given  an  Account  in  'the  firft  Volume 
of  this  Work,  1 1  the  Life  of  St.  Columbanus. 

Tile  7th,  is  the  third  General  Council  of  Conflantimple,  called 
by  the  Emperor  Conftantin  Pogonatm  in  the  Year  680,  againft  the 
Monothelites,  who  affirmed.  That  there  was  but  one  Operation,  or 
but  one  Will  in  Jefus  Chrift,  proceeding  from  the  Word.  The 
5di  and  6th  General  Councils  by  the  common  Computation  from 
the  firft  Council  of  Nice,  having  made  no  Canons  for  the  T)ifci- 
pline  of  the  Church,  the  Emperor  fujlmian  the  fecond  called  a 
Council  in  the  Year  (^92,  for  renewing  the  ancient  Canons  con- 
cerning the  Difcipline  of  the  Church,  and  by  the  Addition  of  fome 
new  ones,  to  make  a  Body  of  Canon  Law  of  the  Ecclefiafticks  of 
the  Eaftern  Churches.  This  Council  met  at  Confantimple,  in  the 
Tower  of  the  Emperor's  Palace,  called  Trulle,  from  wlience  it  is 
called  the  Council  of  Trulle.  Tiiere  were  prefent  the  Four  Patri- 
arciis  of  the  Eaft,  and  an  hundred  and  eight  other  Bifhops,  upon 
which  it's  acknowledged  as  a  Council  by  the  Eaftefn,  but  not  by 
theWeftern  Churches  ^  and  becaufe  it  was  called  fora  Suppleinenc 
to  tile  fiftli  and  flxth  General  Councils,  and  therefore  is  named, 
The  Council  o(  ^Ijtini-fexte. 

The  8tii,  is  the  (ccond  General  Council  of  Nice,  called  in  the 
Year  786  by  the  Emprefs  Irene,  againft  the  Icomclajls,  or  thofe  who 
deny'd  the  worfhipping  of  Images. 

Tlic  9th,  is  the  fourth  General  Council  of  Conftamimple,  called 
by  the  Emperor  Bflfil,  in  the  7th  Year  of  his  Empire,  and  the  id 
of  Conjlantiris,  in  the  Year  of  our  Lord  869,  in  Favours  of  the 
Patriarcii  St.  Ignatius,  againft  Photius,  who  had  ufurped  the  Patri- 
archal  Tlirone. 

The  lOth,  is  the  fifth  General  Council  o(  Confiantinople  for  ra- 
ftering of  photius,  called  by  the  fame  Emperor  Ba/il,  in  thi  Year 
879,  coniifting  of  385  Bifhops. 

The  1 1  th,  IS  the  firft  General  Council  of  Lateran,  approving  of 
tile  The  Treaty  of  InveftitureS  betwixt  Pope  Calixtus  and  the  Emperor 
Henry  V.  of  wliich  we  have  given  an  Account  in  the  firft  Volume  of 
this  Work,  in  the  Life  of  David  Scot,  Hiftoriographer  to  the  faid 
liiupcfoii  it  fat  down  in  the  Month  oi  March,  iiij. 

P  1  The 


do  r/^f  L»/f  0/Q.UINTIN  KENNEDY,  Vol.  IH. 

T^"^^  The  llth,  is  the  fecond  General  Council  oi  Later  an,  called  un- 
^''V^  der  Pope  Innocent  U.  in  tlie  Month  of  a^^r;7,  I159,  confiftin^'^  of 
about  lOOO  Bifhops,  againfl  fcvcral  Abufes  tliat  had  crept  into  the 
Church,  and  declaring  null  and  void  all  the  Ordinations  made  by 
his  Predeceffor  Peter  de  Leon^  and  all  other  Hereticks  and  Schi(- 
niaticks. 

The  i^di,  is  the  General  Council  of  Lateran,  under  Pope 
u4lexander  111.  for  reforming  feveral  Abufes,  maintaining  the  Im- 
munities of  the  Church,  and  againft:  the  j4lbigenjes,  who  maintained 
feveral  of  the  Doiftrines,  for  which  the  Church  of  Rome  now  con- 
demns the  Proteftants ;  it  begun  upon  die  id  Day  of  March,  1 1-79, 
and  confided  of  about  300  Bifhops. 

The  14th,  is  tlie  fourth  General  Council  of  Lateran,  which  met 
in  the  Month  of  November,  ili5>  under  Pope  Innocent  III.  for 
conquering  of  the  Holy  Land,  and  reforming  feveral  Abufes  in  the 
Church  }  it  confided  of  Hi  Bilhops  in  Perfon,  near  800  miter'd 
Abbots  and  Priors,  and  a  great  many  Deputes. 

The  1 5th,  is  the  firft  General  Council  of  Lions,  held  under 
Innocent  IV.  in  the  Year  I245>  '^  which  the  Emperor  Frederick 
was  depos'd,  and  Orders  given  for  afTifting  the  Empire  of  Conjtan^ 
tinople  againll  the  Grecians,  and  the  Empire  of  Germany  againfl 
the  Tartars,  and  the  Recovery  of  the  Holy  Land  from  the  Sa- 
racens. 

The  1 6th,  is  the  fecond  General  Council  oi  Lions,  under  Pope 
Gregory  X.  which  fat  down  upon  the  7th  Day  of  May,  1274,  for 
reuniting  the  Eaftern  and  Weflcrn  Churciies,  for  reforming  the  Dis- 
cipline of  the  Church,  and  the  recovering  of  the  Holy  Land  ;  ic 
confiiled  of  tiie  Pope,  the  Patriarchs  of  Conjlantinople  and  y^ntioch, 
5C)0  Bifhops,  70  mitred  Abbots,  and  lOOO  other  inferior  Prelates, 
befidcs  the  Ambaifadours  of  the  Emperor  PaUologus,  thefe  of  the 
Emperor  of  Germany,  the  Kings  of  France  and  Stcily. 

The  17th,  is  the  Council  of  Vieniu  in  'Dattphiny,  called  by 
Pope  Clement  V.  in  the  Month  of  Odoher,  13 1 1,  againfl  die  Order 
of  the  Templars  ;  of  which  we  have  given  an  Account  in  the  firfl 
Volume  of  this  Work,  in  the  Life  of  Simon  White  ;  it  confifled  of 
near  300  Arch-Bifhops  and  Bifhops. 

The  1 8th,  is  the  Council  of  Conftancc,  called  by  the  Emperor 
Sigijmund,  for  taking  away  the  Schifm.  and  the  Popedom  ;  it  fac 
down  upon  the  ifl  of  November j  1 41 4,  in  which  Pope  Gregory  XII. 
willingly  demitted. 

The  19th,  is  the  Council  of  Florence,  for  reuniting  the  Grecian 
and  Latin  Churches  under  Pope  Eugenim  IV.  it  fat  down  upon 
the  lid  of  February,  1439. 

The  10th,  was  the  5th  General  Council  of  Lateran,  begun  under 
Pope  fultus  II.  in  the  Year  1511,  againfl  the  Proceedings  of  a 
Council  at  Pija,  called  by  Lewis  King  of  Irance  in  the  Year  1 51 1. 

The  lift,  is  the  Council  oi  Trent,  called  againft  Luther  and 
Calvin,    and  the  other  Reformers ;    of  which  we  have  given  an 

Account 


Vol.  III.  'tAl^bot  of  Cro(s-Ragiicl.  6i 

Account  in  part  in  the  fecond  Volume  of  this  Work,  in  the  Life  otX^j;^)^ 
Aich-Bi(hop  iVciHchop,  and  (Kail  (inifh  the  remaining  Part  of  the'-'''^''^ 
Hiilorv  in  this  Volume,  in  the  Life  of  y^dam  Newton  ;  it  fat  down 
upon  the  i  yh  of  DecemUr  1545,  was  transferred  to  Bologna  the 
li([  of  ^pril  1 547,  and  after  an  Interruption  recommenc d  upon 
the  ifl:  oi  September  i^^i  at  'Trent.,  it  was  again  fufpendcd  upon 
the  1 8th  of  y^pril  i  552,  and  recommenc'd  for  the  third  Time  upon 
the  i8tli  of  Ji7HH(try  15(52,  was  continued  and  finiOi'd  upon  the  3d 
Day  of  December  1 5(5?.  And  thefe  are  ail  the  Councils  that  out 
Author  would  have  all  Chriftians  fubmit  to  in  the  ControvcrfieS 
amongft  them,  as  being  the  only  Judge  of  Controverfies,  as  lepje- 
fenting  the  Church  of  Chrift,  to  whofe  Decifion  we  ought  to  fub- 
mit by  the  Command  of  Chrift  himfelf;  but  the  Council  of  Trent 
to  this  very  Day  is  not  own'd  by  the  CaUican  Church,  and  it  was  „,,p,,j^ 
only  concluded  a  Year  before  our  Author's  Death,  which  happert'd 
upon  the  2 2d  Day  of  ^HgHJl'i'j6\. 

It  cannot  be  dcny'd  but  that  as  this  Author  was  one  of  the  nobleft  jj>^«J^  ch.n- 
and  Icarnedcft  Men  of  his  Party,  fo  he  was  a  moft  violent  Oppofer 
of  the  Principles  and  Practices  of  the  Reformers,  for  which  he  is 
liighly  commended  by  the  Writers  of  the  Romip)  Church  at  that 
Time.  For  Dcmpfler  fays  {a),  That  as  he  was  a  great  Promoter  of 
Learning,  fo  with  a  great  and  noble  Mind  he  refifted  the  Growth 
of  Herefie  in  Scotland  by  his  Difputes  and  Writings,  omitting  no- 
thing that  might  advance  the  Catholick  Faith.  His  Words  are, 
QiiintinusKcnncdiusCow/WjCadilincc  Frater,  Cruets  Regalis  yibbas, 
ingens  literatorum  fiinlor  ma^no  (^  nobiii  anir/w,  H&reft  in  Scotia 
nafccnti  fiwnliaribiis  colloqtiits  (^  fcriptis  re/lit  it,  nihil  omit  tens  quo 
Catholicam  fidem  flrenue  propugnaret.  And  Bifhop  Lepe  fays  (b). 
That  the  Reformers  finding  him  to  be  a  Man  that  was  as  conspi- 
cuous for  his  Virtue  and  Learning,  as  for  his  Nobility  and  Birth, 
and  that  by  no  Means  they  coulcl  check  or  alter  his  Faith;  thev 
provoked  him  to  a  Difpute,  which  he  had  for  three  Days  with 
Mr.  Knox  in  the  Weft,  by  which  he  confirmed  feverals  in  their 
Faith  ;  and  even  the  Reformers  themlelves  were  fo  angry  with  Mr. 
Knoxs  Performance,  that  he  was  obliged  in  his  own  Vindication  to 
publifh  the  Difpute  full  of  Lies  and  Calumnies,  to  take  off  the 
Taih  of  his  Ignorance  that  he  had  fhown  in  that  Conference.  And 
then  he  tells  us,  That  this  worthy  Man,  whofe  Virtues  will  be  re- 
corded in  all  Ages,  befides  many  other  Things,  publifhed  two  Books 
full  of  Learning  from  the  Writings  of  the  Fathers,  Councils  and 
facrcd  Scriptures,  the  one  concerning  the  Authority  of  Councils, 
tile  other  concerning  the  Sacrifice  of  the  Mafs.  The  firft  againft 
John  Davidfon,  and  the  other  againft  George  Hay,  both  of  them 
Miinfters.     Bifhop  Lejlte's  Words  are, 

Vnde  (fays  he,  (peaking  of  the  Difputes  betwixt  the  Papiftsand 
the  Reformers)  Qiiintinum  Kennedium  Comitis  CMVAiiVx  fratrent 
virum  non  folum  nobilitate  Jed  doilrina  virtuteque  perinjignem,  cum 
mllo  modo  a  fidei  integritate  abduct  poJJ'it,    in  paUflram  Jolemqui 

O  vocant, 


An.  1 504. 


61  The  Life  o/'ClUINTIN  KENNEDY,  Vol.  Ilf. 

njociint,  fed  triurn  dierHm  frecjuenti  dtfputatione  quar/j  cum  Knoxio 
pullice  in  occidente  habait,  ejjeciiim  eft,  tit  pit  janiiipine  njiri  conftr- 
mcirentiir.,  ac  ipfi  jeliarii  Knowo  incenji  reddcrentur,  quod  provin- 
ciam  qiicim  [HJceperat  Calvijiiliiii  defendendi,  melius  mn  exorrinjjet. 
Qptare  Knoxius,  ut  quam  contraxerat  dtfputdfido  i^mrartttA  waciiLtm 
kribendo  dilneret,  difpittationem  illam  Jttis  comment  is,  fj/{{(is,  mcn- 
daciis  intcrfperfam  typis  excudendam  curat.  Kcnncdiiis  hic,  -vir 
plane  di(fnus,  chjus  -virtutes  omnium  Atatum  commendatione  celehrcn- 
tur  duos  (prmter  alia  opujcula)  edidit  libros,  exqufttijjima  dodiorum 
Concilioruw,  Scripturarum  docirina  refertos  ;  unnm  de  Conciliortim 
fludoritate,  alterum  de  publico  Ecclefi&  Sacriftcio,  e  quibns  ilium 
Toannes  Davidfoiuis,  hunc  Gcorgius'"Haius  fechrii  mir/i/fn  it  a  re- 
futarunt,  ut  Catholica  Veritas  inde  ?nagis  dilucefcat  lis  quorum 
mentes  Harefeos  maliti&que  tenebris  plane  nonjuerint  ob'volutx. 

0\\  the  other  Hand,  the  Reformers  liad  reprefentcd  our  Author 
as  a  Pcrfon  but  very  meanly  (cqw  in  all  the  Parts  ot  Literature, 
and  cfpecially  in  Controverlies  of  Religion  ;  and  liad  it  not  been 
for  his  liirch  and  Qiiality  (as  we  learn  from  Arch-Bilhop  Spotfnood) 
he  had  certainly  undergone  the  fame  Fate  with  the  retl  of  the 
PopiOi  Clergy  at  that  Time.  Neither  did  they  ceafe  to  calumniate 
his  Memory  after  liis  Death,  an  Inftancc  of  which  we  have  amongft 
Arch-Bilhop  v^<^4tw/o//'s  Poem  s,who  compos'd  the  following  Epitaph 
upon  our  Author. 

EPITAPHIUM  ABBATIS  CROSS-RAGVEL 

1564. 

Va  mihi  quod  Papa  dederam  nomenque  fdemque 
Va  mihi  quod  Chrifti  ftrenuus  hoflis  eram  : 

Va  'uobis  PapiJtA  omnes,  nifi  tempore  -vitA 

Vos  Chriftum  amplext  Pontificem  fugitis. 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works, 

I.  A  Ne  compendius  Trafti'ue  conform  to  the  Scripturis  of  qAI- 
XX,  mychtie  God,  Rejjoun  and  Authority,  declaring  the  nerreft 
and  only  Way,  to  eftabliche  the  Conjcience  of  am  Chrijiiarie 
e^an,  in  all  Matters  (quhilks  ar  in  Debate)  concerning  Faith 
and  Religion,  fett  furth  be  Maifter  Qiiintin  Kennedy,  Commen- 
dator  of  the  Abbay  of  Crofraguel,  and  dedicat  to  his  deerejl 
and  beft  beluijft  Nepuo,  Gilbert  Mefter  of  Canillis.  Jn  the 
Zeir  of  God,  Ane  thoujand  fyve  houndreth  fifty  aught  Zeris 
"Without  the  Name  of  the  Printer  or  Place. 

II.  J)e  Publico  EcclefiA  Sacrificio. 

III.  Contra  errores  Geririanorum  in  Fidei  capita  quatmrdecem  defer?fa 

contra  Georgium  Sopliocardium. 

IV.  Refponfio  ad  Joannis  Davidfoni  opus. 

V.  De 


Vol.  III.  u4bhot  of  Crofs-Raguel.  '        ^ 

V.  De  njetitorum  ahfiimmia.  r>y\^\ 

VI.  7>  iliuito  Prcsbytcrorum  matrimonio.  vjr\iw 
\\l.  De  ctiltu  injciginum. 

VIII-  Palinodia  Wjllcxio  reddita,  xxix  Maitii,  MDLXIL 

IX.  Qji^rimonia  fupcr  Knoxh  fraude  ^  impietate. 

X.  Oratio  fro  oledientia  Stiprernis  potcflatibus  habita  die  ultima 

Augurti,  MDLXII. 

XI.  De  prifentia  corporis  in  Sacramento  altar  is. 

I  am  ape  to  believe,  that  in  this  Catalogue,  Dempjler,   from 
Bifliop  Lejlies  Words,   has  made  five  Books  out  of  two. 


THE 

LIFE  of  TATRICJ^  RUTHVEN, 
Lord  Rtithven. 

H I S  Nobleman  was  Son  to  Wiliiam  Lord  Ruth-   „;,  ^.,^y^ 
njen,    and  Janet  Haliburton,    one  of  the  tliree""*  *""«": 
Daughters  and  Cohcirefles  o( Patrick  Haliburton'^'' 
Lor5  Dirlton :    His  Father  was  one  of  the  Lords 

of  the  Congregation,    for  fo  were  the  Nobility 

who  cipous'd  the  Caufe  of  the  Reformation  then  called  :    He  was 
likcwife  Lord  Privy  Seal,  and  a  Perfon  of  great  Note  amongfl:  tliem. 
Our  Author  was  born  in  the  Year  1 510,    in  the  Reign  of  King 
James  V.  He  had  his  Education  at  the  Univerfity  of  St.  ^ndreivs  ;   hc  rdu.- 
whcrc,  after  he  had  finiOied  the  Courfeof  his  Studies  in  t\\c  Bel/es-Ti^"t\t" 
Lettres  and  Philofophy,  he  was  fent  over  to  France  by  his  Parents; 
and  iiaving  ftaycd   there  for  fome  Years,    upon  his  return  to  his 
native  Country,  he  was  married  to  Ladv  Jean  Douglas^    Dauglitcr 
to  Archibald  Earl  of  (lAngus^   with  whom  he  had  two  Sons  and 
two  Daughters ;  the  eldeft  Daughter  JJobel  was  married  to    James 
Cohil  01  Bafler-Wecms,   and  the  other,  Jean,  was  firfl;  married  to 
Henry  Stewart  Lord  Methven,    and  afterward  to  Andrew  Earl  of 
Rothes.     He  liad  likewife  eight  Sifters,  wlio  were  all  of  them  honou- 
rably married,  JCatharin  to  Colin  Campbell  of  Glenurchie  ;  Barbara, tni'^t'iZi 
to  Patrick  Lord  Gray;  Cecilia,  to  Sir  John  Weems  ofWeenis ;   Janet^^'^'""^ 
to  John  Crichton  of  Strathurd ;  Lilias^  to  David  Lord  Drummond', 
M'trgaret,    to  Sir  James  Johnjion  of  Elphinjfoun  ;    Eliz,abeth,  to 
Wood  of  Bonnington  ;  and  Chrtjlian  married  to  Mr.  WtUian  Lurtdin 
ot  Lundin.  Supported  by  thcfe  noble  powerful  Families,  he  was 
very  n^uch  rcfpeded  by  all  Ranks  and  Degrees  of  People  :    And 
naturally  afTedfing  Popularity,   he  loin'd  the  Populace  againft  his 
Koyal  Miftris  Qijccn  Mary,    and  became  one  of  tlic  moft  acflive  ut  tam 
Peifons  in  the  Nation  againft  her :  An  eminent  Inftance  of  which  he  q],V,'„|'"*^ 

Q,  1  gave 


^7""  crhe  Ltfe  o/"  PATRICK,  Lord  KmUv en.  Vol.  111. 

rx,A.>o  .rave  i'l  t'l^  contriving  of  David  Rizjid'i  Murder,  as  wc  have  it 
wiv*<>  under  his  own  Hand,  in  a  Narrative  oF  that  Affair,  of  which  1  re- 
ceived the  aiithcntick  Manuscript  at  London  in  171 1,  ^roni  the 
Bifhop  of  Sarum  inllead  of  a  defamatory  Libel,  which  he  ilcfi<;n'd 
to  liave  i;ivcn  me  againft  die  Memory  of  that  iliurtrious  J'rincefs: 
The  Subdance  of  which  is  as  follows. 
thrHXV  Tlie  rebellious  Nobility  who  oppos'd  Qiicen  Marys  Meafures, 
Mu.air'  and  who  liad  been  all  aloiig  (Upported  by  Qiicen  Eliz^abeth  in  their 
An  Account  wicked  and  treafonable  Pradices,  about  the  Bc^mning  of  the  Year 
ofti.isH.no-  J  ^^^^  jj.g^y  ^,p  .^p  Addrefs  to  Queen  Eliz^aheth  for  her  AfTiftance  ; 
upon  which  fhe  called  a  Cabin-Council,  to  confult  wiiar  Method 
was  molt  proper  to  be  taken  for  fatisfying  of  them  :  Some  were  for 
ullillin"  them  with  Men  and  Money  (rt),  but  that  Procefs  was  re- 
jected, becaufe  it  might  involve  the  Two  Nations  in  a  War ;  feveral 
other  Expedients  were  propos'd,  wliich  were  likewife  reiedted  : 
At  lent^th  Secretary  Cecil,  and  Sir  Thomas  Randulph  propos'd,  That 
the  Apple  of  Difcord  fhould  be  thrown  betwixt  the  Qiieen  and  her 
Husband,  the  Lord  Z)<7r«/y,  by  fomenting  Jealoufles  and  Sufpicions 
betwixt  them  ;  by  which  Means  either  the  one  or  the  other,  if  not 
both,  fhould  become  a  Prey  to  them  :  And  the  Earl  of  Morton, 
who  was  a  faithful  Friend,  was  pitched  upon  as  the  Man  to  wliom 
they  fhould  commit  the  whole  Management  of  that  Affair.  This 
helliOi  Proje(5l  (ucceeded  to  Admiration  ;  for  hitherto  there  had 
been  nothing  but  an  intire  Love  betwixt  tlie  Qiieen  and  her  Huf- 
band.  But  Alorton  no  fooner  got  his  Inflru(ff  ions,  but  thefe  Halc)  on 
Days  of  Peace  and  Love  betwixt  them,  were  turned  into  Bitternefs 
and  Sorrow ;  which  was  brougiit  about  after  this  Manner. 

There  came  in  Company  to  the  Court  of  Scotland,  with  the  Am- 
baffadourof  Savoy , one.  David Riz^io,  of  the  Country  of  Piemont  in 
Italy,  who  was  a  good  Mufician,  but  well  advanced  in  Years,  lean, 
and  extremely  deform'd,  as  thofe  who  were  well  acquainted  with 
him  dcfcribc  him  (b).  At  this  Time  the  Queen  had  tiuee  Valets 
of  her  Chamber,  who  funj^  three  Parts,  but  fhe  wanted  a  Bafs  to  fing 
the  Fourth  ;  her  Majefty  having  got  notice  of  this  Man,  as  one  fit 
to  flng  a  fourth  Part  in  Confort,  he  was  imploy'd  in  that  Station 
for  fome  Time;  but  in  regard  of  his  great  Age,  fhe  remov'd  hinj 
from  that,  and  made  him  her  Secretary  for  the  French  Siud  Italian 
Languages,  in  both  vvhich  he  was  admirably  well  skilled  :  Being  a 
Fellow  of  a  very  briglit  Spirit,  and  a  great  Favourer  of  the  Hamtl- 
tons,  he  advifed  the  Queen  to  recal  the  Duke  of  Chattel  Herauld, 
being  then  in  Banifhment.  For  this  the  King  became  highly  incens'd 
againft  him,  there  being  a  mortal  Enmity  betwixt  the  Families  of 
Lennox  txnd  Hamilton.  JWbr/o«  perceiving  this,  told  the  King,  that 
it  was  not  to  be  imagined,  how  much  the  Nobility  were  incenfed 
with  the  Queen's  Familiarity  with  RiZjio,  a  Stranger,  and  Fellow  of 
no  Birth,  while  fhe  negledfed  her  ancient  Nobility,  and  was  only 
governed  by  his  Council :  Whereas  his  Majefty  being  by  Birth  the 

firft 

(,*)  Vid.  fiUckwood  M<n;r  de  U  K-oyo  del*  iJceflc,  Chip.  ).  Ptg.  7^    (i)  ViJ.  Chip.  6. 


Vol.  III.  r/.'f  Life  0/ PATRICK,  Lord  Rurhven.  65 


Aa. 


firft  PriiKe  of  the  BlootI,  and  nou' Husband  to  the  Queen,  he  ou'^lu  ^ 
to  have   the  fole  Government  in  his  Hands.     Morton  finding  that  Aou 
the  King  was  pleafcd  with  this  Propofal,  being  naturally  proud  and 
ambitious,  he  proceeded  further,  and  told  him,  That  it  was  acainft: 
the  Laws  ot  God  and  Man,  that  Women  fhould  have  the  Govern- 
ment, and  tar  lefs  that  a  Wife  (liould  have  Power  of  governine  over 
an  Husband,  whom,    by  the  Law  of  God,    fhe  is  bound  to  obey  : 
Therefore  lie  advifed  him  to  claim  the  Matrimonial  Crown,  as  the 
Queen's  Husband,  and  to  alfume  the  Government  in  his  own  Per- 
fon.     On  the  other  Hand,  he  told  the  Qiieen,    That  he  fufpedted 
her  Husband  the  King  had  fuch  a  Defign,  and  that  he  beinw  but 
young,  rafh  and  inconfiderate,    if  (he  fhould  ^rant  him  the  Matri- 
monial Crown  as  her  Husband,    that  he  would  certainly  take  upon 
himfblf  the  fole  Government,    and  enflave  the   Nation,  and  her, 
who  was  the  only  true,    lawful  and  undoubted  Sovereign,    to  the 
Court  of  England,  he  being  born  amongfl:  them,  and  a  meer  Ser- 
vant of  theirs.     Not  long  atter  this,    the  King  demanded  the  Ma- 
trimonial Crown,  wliich  the  Queen  abfolutely  refufed  to  give  him ; 
upon  wiiich  he  immediately  fufpecfted  that  Riz^to  had  advifed  her 
to  it,  and  goes  immediately  to  Morton,  to  whom  he  communicate 
liis  Conjecffure.     Morton  improving  this,  confirms  him  in  his   Su- 
fpicion,  and  the  more  to  incenfe  him  againfl:  i?/^/o,  he  plainly  told 
him,  that  altho'  Rizjio  was  but  an  ugly  mean  Fellow,   yet  Women 
are  (ometimes  very  unaccountable  in  their  Amours,  and  it  was  loudly 
rumour'd  abroad,    that  Rizjio  and  the  Queen  were  too  familiar. 
This,  fays  CaHffin  (a),  made  the  overheaded   Youth  become  in  z 
manner  furious,    racked  with  the  two  Fiends  of  Jealoufie  and  Am- 
bition, die  one  repiefenting  to  his  diflurbed  Imagination,    that  he 
palTed  for  a  King  in  Fancv  only,  and  that  he  had  but  an  imaginary 
Throne:  And  the  other,  that  a  Slave  was  a  Partner  of  his  Bed,  which 
made    thefe    Heats  of  Love,    which  the  excellent  Beauties  of  the 
Qieen  had  raifed  in  his  Breaft,   to  burft:  forth  in  a  Flame,   whicK 
had  many  difmal  EfFe<5ts.     And  the  firft  of  thefe  was  the  Death' of 
his  imaginary  Rival,  the  old  deform'd  and   decrepit  Rizjio,  a  SuC- 
picion  which  was  fo  ridiculous,'  that  Cambden  in  his  Animadverfions 
upon  Thuans  Hiftory,    who  has  copied  all  that  he  has  of  Queen 
Mary  from  Buchannan,    mentions  this,  and  other  Particulars  which 
he  lias  concerning  Riz^ios  Murder,  as  fo  many  Inflances  of  his  in- 
veterate Malice  againft  his  Sovereign,    which  he  has  evidently  de- 
nionftratcd  to  be  talfe  ;    But  the  beft  Account  we  can  have  of  this, 
is  from  our  Author,  who  tells  us.  That  the  King  being  firmly  refoU 
vcd  to  be  revenged  upon  Rizjio,    upon  the  lOth  Day  o(  February 
lie  Tent  to  him  his  Coufin  George  Douglas,  Son  to  Archibald  'E^x\ 
of  y/wf «/,  to  acquaint  him)  that  Z)rt'V/3i?/^./o  had  otfcnded  him  in 
fevcrai  Things,  and  lately  in  diflwading  the  Queen  from  givingiiim 
the  Matrimonial  Crown,  which  fhe  had  often  promifcd  him,   and 
for  which  he  was  rcfolved  to  be  avenged ;   and  therefore  earneftly 

R  /ntreared 

(/•)  \it,  C*uUta-(  ur«  of  (ja«(B  Mwf. 


J5  q-he  Life  0/ PATRICK,  Aor^  Ruthvcn.  vXTfl 

rx-A-^  iiureated  his  Advice,  as  the  Man  he  put  the  moft  TruO  in,  in  th« 
••V^  Nation.  My  Lord  tells  us  then,  that  he  was  in  tlic  4^th  Year  uf 
his  Age,  and  laboiirinr^  under  a  Confiimption  of  the  Nccrs,  anti  an 
Inflammation  of  the  Liver,  as  he  was  told  by  his  Phy/icians,  and  fo 
weak,  that  he  could  hardly  walk  through  his  Chamber  ;  upon  the 
nth  ot  Felfritary,  his  Lordfhip  having  called  Mr.  Doughs  to  him, 
told  him,  Tlfiat  he  ivoithl  gi've  the  King  no  u^dvice,  kcatije  he  knew 
bis  yotithfiil  Temper  zvas  JHch,  that  he  loas  capable  of  rccci'vin^  no 
Ad'vice  in  fnch  an  important  <iAffair  :  for  federals  of  the  Not/ility 
halving  formerly  gi'ven  him  Advices^  tending  to  his  Honour  and  In- 
terefl,  yet  the  prfl  Thing  that  he  didy  was  to  re-vcal  them  to  the 
Queen^  for  zvhich  they  ivere  dtfgrac'd  :  So  that  before  he  gave  him 
Council  or  Advice  in  that  aAffair^  he  behooved  to  have  jowe  Proofs 
of  his  being  capable  of  keeping  a  Secret. 

Mr.  Douglafs  having  reported  this  Anfwer  totheKing,  the  King 
called  for  a  Bible,  and  fwore  upon  it,  That  he  fhould  never  reveal 
my  Lord  RuthvenV  yldvice  to  the  ^Ineen.     Upon  which   Mr.  Dott- 
glas  recurn'd,  and  gave  his  Lordfhip  an  Account  of  what  the  King 
had  done,  yet  for  Eight  Days  Time  my  Lord  Ruthven  would  give 
him  no  Advice;   altho'  he  had  fent  Mr.  Douglas  to  him  three  or 
four  Times  a  Day  :     At  length  upon   the  ioth  Day  of  February, 
his  Lordlhip  fent  the  King  Word  that  he  would  give  him  his  Ad- 
vice, providing  that  he  would  give  his  Confcnt  to  the  recalling  of 
the  Earls  of  Argile,    Glencairn^   Murray,    Rothes,    Lords,    Boyd, 
Ochiltrie,    Laird   of  Pitcarro  and   Grange,    with  the  reft  of  the 
Barons  now  banifhed  for  the  Word  of  Cod  in  Ireland,   for  tb  his 
Lordfhip  is  pleafed  to  term  their  Rebellion ;  to  this  the  King  agreed, 
providing  likewife  that  his  Lordihip  would  enfure   him  tliat  they 
would  ftand  by  him,  and  further  liim  in  all  hisDefigns  and  Affairs; 
upon  this  his  Lordfhip  deflred  the  King  to  make  wliat  Terms  and 
Articles  he  pleafed  for  his  Security,  and  that  he  fhould  caufe  it  to 
be  fubfcribed  by  the  fiiid  Earls,    Lords  and  Barons;   upon  which  the 
KinfT  fent  his  Lordfhip  a  Scroll   of  what   Articles  he  would  have 
fubfcribed  by  them  :    And  on  the  other  Hand,  he  fent  a  Scroll  to 
the  King,  of  what  Articles  he  would  have  fubfcribed  by  the  King 
for  their'Security;  and  having  put  in  Form,  and  amended  the  King's 
Articles,  they  were  fubfcribecl  by  both  Parties. 

The  Lords  and  Barons  by  their  Articles  bind  themfelves,  iwo, 
To  be  the  King's  moft  faithful  Subjecfts,  and  that  they  will  join  with 
the  faid  Prince  in  all  his  Affairs,  Caufes  and  Qiiarrels  againfl  whom- 
foever  it  be,  to  the  outmoft  of  their  Power,  and  fhall  be  Friends  to 
his  Friends,  and  Enemies  to  his  Enemies,  and  neither  fpare  their 
Livings,  Lands,  Goods  or  PoffefTions. 

ido,  They  do  confent  and  bind  themfelves,  That  after 
their  Return,  in  the  firft,  and  all  other  fucceeding  Parliaments, 
they  fhall  vote  and  agree  to  his  having  the  Matrimonial  Crown 
during  his  Life,  and  to  oppofe  all  thofe  that  fhould  oppofe  him  in 
this. 

^tiOf  They 


Vol.  III.  rhc  Life  0/ PATRICK,  Lord  Kutlwen.  ^-j 

pio,  They  bind  and  oblige  themfelves  (failzieing  Heirs  of  the  ^^-'^^ 
Queen's  Body)  to  maintain  his  juft  Title  to  the  Crown  o(  Scotland,^^r^ 
with  tlieir  Lives  and  Fortunes  as  he  fhould  command  tiiem. 

4^0,  That  they  fliould  maintain  and  fupply  him  to  the  outmoft: 
of  their  Power,  with  Lives  and  Fortunes,  in  fupport  of  their  Reli« 
gion,  as  now  eftablifhed  by  Law. 

$to,  As  they  own  themfelves  his  faidiful  and  obedient  Subjedls, 
fo  they  bind  themfelves  to  ftand  by  him  with  their  Lives  and 
Fortunes  in  all  Things  that  may  be  to  the  Advancement,  of  his 
Honour. 

6to,  That  they  themfelves  fhall  endeavour  and  folicite  their 
Friends  in  England  to  join  with,  in  procuring  from  the  Queen  of 
England  the  Liberation  of  his  Majefty's  Mother  and  Brother,  and 
rhat  they  may  have  Liberty  either  to  ftav  in  England,  or  go  to 
Scotland,  with  their  Servants  and  Moveables,  as  thev  (hall  think 
fit. 

JfTJO,  Tiiat  they  and  their  Friends  Ihall  inrerpofe  with  theQueert 
of  England,  for  giving  her  Friendfliip  and  AfTiftance  againft  all 
Foreign  Princes  that  fliould  oppofe  him  and  his  Dcficns. 

On  the  other  Hand,  The  King  bound  and  obliged  himfelf  in  die 
Articles  that  he  fublcribed,  Firjl,  That  he  fliall  endeavour  10  pro- 
cure them  a  Remifl]on  of  all  Crimes  bypaft,  of  wharfoever  Quality 
or  Condition  they  were  of;  and  if  this  cannot  be  obtained  at  the 
firft,  it  fhall  be  done,  when  by  their  Afliftance  he  obtains  the  Ma- 
trimonial Crown,  and  in  the  mean  Time  to  flop  all  Procefs  againfl 
diem,  and  upon  their  Return  to  receive  them  as  loving  Subjecfls, 
burying  all  that  is  pafl  in  Oblivion. 

idly.  That  he  fhall  with  all  his  Power  oppofe  their  being  accu- 
fed  or  forfeited  in  Parliament,  and  that  he  will  protefl  againfl  fucii 
a  Parliament,  and  aflifl  the  faids  Earls,  Lords  and  Barons,  againlt 
all  their  Enemies. 

2dly,  Tiiat  upon  their  Arrival  they  fliould  be  immediately  reflo- 
rea  to  dieir  Fortunes,  and  that  if  any  Oppofition  fliould  be  niadeJ 
againfl  them  in  die  talcing  PoflefTion  of  their  Fortunes,  he  fliall 
aflifl  them  widi  all  his  Power. 

^thly,  He  confent's  to  their  ufing  their  Religion  how  eflabliflied 
by  Law,  and  upon  their  Return  to  give  his  Confent  to  the  Eflablifli- 
ment  of  the  fame,  and  Concurrence  in  oppofing  all  them  that  offe- 
red to  difturb  diem  in  the  Exercife  of  the  fame. 

^thly,  Tiiat  he  will  ftand  by  them  as  faithful  and  loyal  Subje<5l3  in 
all  their  juft  Caufes,  Acflions  and  Quarrels. 

Thcfe  Preliminaries  being  agreed  to,  the  next  Thing  was  to 
agree  to  the  Method  diat  tiic  King  was  to  take  in  his  ReVenge  a- 
gainfl  Riz^io,  and  the  Qucfliori  being  put,  the  King  propofed  the 
murdering  of  him,  but  our  Author  and  the  Earl  ot  Morton  oppb- 
fed  diis,  and  would  have  iiim  try'd  legally  before  a  Parliament  t6( 
his  Mifdemeanours,  and  they  doubtccf not  but  by  their  Intereft  they 
would  get  him  to  be  hinged  '.    But  the  King  told  them'plainly, 

R  1  iha( 


6S  The  Life  0/ PATRICK,  Lord  Kuthvcn.  Vol.  Iff. 


f^^^^*^    that  if  tliey  U'oiild  not  do  it,    he  would  do  it  himfcl/,    if  it  were  in 
v^%*v    the  QjLieen's  own  Bed-chamber,   and  it  was  no  great  Difficultv  to 
bring  over  thefe  two  noble  Lords  to  his  Meufiires,  for  they  adver- 
tijed  (ill  their  Friends  to  be  in  readinejs  upon  the  Y,th  and  ijth  Days 
of  March,'  to  ajjif  the  King  in  what  he  was  to  command  them,    ac- 
cording to  certain  Articles  agreed  to  betwixt   him  and  the  banijh'd 
Lordsf  and  that  then  they  Jhould  have  their  Religion  freely  ep.iUi- 
fhed  according  to  Chrtfs  Book,     This  was   a  very  odd  way  oi  efla- 
blifhing  Religion  by  an  open  Violation  oi  one  of  its  nioR  facred 
Precepts  :     But  the  Thing  was  refolved  upon,  and  George  Don(f Us 
having  acquainted  the  King  ot  it,  he  told  him  that  it  was  the  Opi- 
nion of  tlie  Lords,  that  he  fhould  be  difpatched  either  in  his  own 
Chamber  in  the  Morning,  or  as  he  was  going  thro'  the  Clofe  ;  but 
to  none  of  tliofe  would  the  King  give  his  Confent,    becaufe  at  no 
Time  it  could  be  better  done  than  at  tlie  Time  of  Supper  when  he 
was  fitting  with  her  Majefly  at  Table,  and  in  her  Prelence,  that  (he 
might  be  Witnefs  to  liis  Punifhment  for  the  Affront  that  he  had  put 
upon  him  :     For  it  they  attempted  to  do  it  in  his  Chamber,    it  was 
hardly  pradicablc ;   becaufe  he  fat  late  at  Night  with  her  Majefty 
upon  Buflnefs,    and   fometime  lay  in  the  Cabinet  next  to  their 
Apartment,  and  ibmetimes  in  her  own  Chamber,    and  fometimes 
with  an  Italian  Gentleman  called  Seignior  Francifco,  all  which  Apart- 
ments had  feveral  back  Doors  and  Windows  at  whicli  he  migjitmake 
his  Efcape,  which  would  ruin  all :  to  this  they  immediately  agreed, 
becaufe  the  Queen  being  then  big  with  Child,  it  was  probable  that 
it  would  make  her  part  with  it,  and  endanger  her  Life  whom  they 
mortally  hated  :     So  it  was  agreed  amongrt:  them  that  die  Earl  of 
Morton,  the  Lord  Riithven  our  Author,and  the  Lord  Lindfaj,  fhould 
have  ready  Co  many  Men  in  their  Houies,  wheretliey  were  to  flay  till 
the  King  fhould  fend  them  word,  that  the  Earl  of  Morton  fhould  come 
up  to  the  King's  outer  Chamber,    and  a  Company  with  him,    that 
the  Lord  i^«//>'ve«  our  Hcroc  in  the  Tragedy,   fhould   come  through 
the  King's   fecret  Chamber  by  a  private  PafTage  to  the  Qiieen's, 
which  fhould   be  open'd  to  him  by  the  King,    and   that  the  King 
fhould  be  entertaining  the  Queen  whilfl  her  Majefly  was  at  Supper, 
and  that  the  reft  of  the  Barons  and  Gentles  fhould  wait  in  the  Clofe 
or  Area  of  the  Palace,  for  defending  the  Gate  in  Cafe  of  any  Op- 
pofition. 

The  Confpirators  confidcring  that  the  King  was  but  a  young 
Prince,  who  had  for  the  Partner  of  his  Bed  one  of  the  moft  beau- 
tiful Princeffes  in  the  World,  by  whofe  Terms  he  might  be  indu- 
ced to  deny  all  that  was  done,  and  to  lay  the  whole  Blame  upon 
them;  they  thought  fit  to  get  as  great  Security  of  him  as  they  could, 
and  therefore  drew  up  a  Bond  in  his  Name  to  the  Earls,  Barons, 
Free-holders,  Merchants  and  Crafts-men,  declaring,  that  what  was 
to  be  done,  was  entirely  his  own  Contrivance,  and  oound  and  obli- 
ged himfelf,  his  Heirs  and  Succeftbrs,  and  their  SuccefTors  to  keep 
them  free  from  all  Trouble  for  the  taking  and  executing  of  D^vid 

Rixjio 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  0/ PATRICK,  Lord  Ruthven.  6<) 

Riz^io  111  ciie  Queen's  Prefence,  or  otlierwifej  which  Bond  isTet^v;^]^ 
down  at  length,  and  fubfcribed  with  the  King's  own  Hand  at  £«//»- vv^ 
burglh  die  firft  Day  o't  exarch.  _ 

\J^on  Saturday^  being  19th  Day  o(  March,  all  Things  were  put 
in  Execution  according  to  the  above-mentioned  Projedl :    And  our 
Author  tells  us,    That  he  found  the  Queen  at  Supper,    with  the 
Countefs  of  aArgyU,    Danjid  Riz.io,  and  the  King  with  his  Hands 
about  the  Queen's  Waft ;    after  fomc  Dikourfe  with  the  Queen, 
wlierein  he  laid  feveral  Things  to  Riz^ios  Charge,    efpecially  his 
adviilng  lier  to  refufe  her  Husband  the  Matrimonial  Crown,    he 
demanded  that  (he  would  deliver  him  up  to  his  Mercy,  and  defrred 
die  King  to  take  her  Majefty  in  his  Arms,  and  to  convoy  her  to  her 
outer  Chamber.     The  Queen  ftruck  with  Amazement  at  the  Propo- 
fal,  immediately   rofe  up  and  flood  betwixt  them  ;    Riz^io   talcing 
hold  of  the  Pletts  of  lier  Majefly's  Garment,  Arthur  Erskin  the  Abboc 
of  Holy-Rood-Houfe,  die  Laird  of  Creeth,  Mafter  of  tiie  Houfhold, 
her  Majefty's  Apothecary,  and  one  of  the  Grooms  of  the  Bed-cham- 
ber, went  to  feize  the  Lord  Ruthven  our  Author ;  upon  which  his 
Lordfliipdrewliis  Dagger,  and  his  Attendants  rufhing  into  the  Room, 
diey  overturned  theTable  with  the  Meat  and  Candles,and  his  Lordfhip 
taking    the  Queen  in  his  Arms,  put  her  in  the  King's  Arms,  defiring 
her  not  to  be  afraid,  for  there  was  no  Harm  defigned  againft  her, 
but  only  againft  Rizjio,  wliom  they  immediately  (eized  upon,  and 
dragging  him  out  of  the  Room,  they  murdered  him  at  the  Door  of 
her  outer  Chamber ;    after  which  the  Queen  defired  the  Earl  of 
Morton,  the  Lord  Lindfay,  and  yirthur  Erskin  to  bring  her  a  little 
black  Coffer  from  RiZiios  Ciiamber,  fuppofed  to  be  full  of  Papers 
wrote  in  Cyphers  to  foreign  Princes,    which  they  accordingly  did, 
and  the  Earl  of  Morton  appointed  the  Lord  Semple  to  take  care  of 
all  the  reft  of  the  Things  that  were  in  his  Chamber.     Her  Majefty 
having  upbraided  the  King  her  Husband  for  tliis  balbaro^s  and  in- 
human Treatment  of  her,  fhe  next  addreffed  her  felf  to  our  Author, 
telling  him,  Tiiat  it  fcemed  his  Sicknels  was  not  very  deadly,  other- 
wife  he  would  not  be  guilty  of  fuch  a  barbarous  A(5fion,    if  he  be- 
liev'd  in  a  future  State :    To  which  his  Lordfhip  replied,  That  he 
would  not  for  all  that  he  was  worth  in  the  World  that  her  Majefty 
were  as  much  indifpofed  as  he  was.     Wel^,  zuelJ,  (fays  fhe)  my  Lordy 
if  Jfufer  an  jibortion  by  this,  Jo  that  the  Child  in  my  Belly  do  not 
hvenge  my  §luarrel,  yet  I  hope  that  I  ha'ue  fuch  friends  as  may  do 
it,  either  upon  you  or  yours.     To  which  his  Lordfhip  anfwered.  Tour 
Majefys  Jr  tends  are  too  great  to  take  notice  of  fuch  a  mean  P  erf  on 
as  i  am,  efpecially  fmce  I  had  no  Deftrn  again fl  your  Majejlys  Per-' 
fon  J   and  that  all  I  have  done  is  by  the  Ktng  your  Husbands  Com" 
mand,  which  the  King  ovmed  before  her.     And  this  is  the  Account 
which  his  Lordfhip  gives  us  of  this  abominable  Adion,    in  which 
Jie  Jiad  To  great  a  Hand,  and  which  he  reprefents  as  done  for  th^ 
Glory  of  God,  and  jhe  eftablifhing  of  the  Proieftant  Rebgionv 

Black' 


70  The  Life  o/"  PATRICK,  Lord  KutUvtn.  Vol.  III. 

r^y'^'^        Blackwood  (a)  tells  us,    Tliat  when  his  Lordfhip  came  in  to  the 
>>A/^    Qiieen's  Chamber,'  he  had  an  Head-piece  and  a  Coat  of  Armour 
upon  him;  and  when  he  looked  upon  the  Queen  with  a  thrcjtninv, 
and  ghalUy  look,    becaufe  he  had  been  long  fick,    Hie  fuid.    Mi 
Lord,  it  jeems  yoH  come  not  hither  upon  any  ^ood  Dcji^n.     To  whicli 
he  anfwered,  That  he  had  no  Defign  agamjl  her,    but  againfl  that 
Villain,  pointing  ro  her  Secretary  with  his  Finger;  and  that  wliilft 
he  held  the  (^ueen  by  the  Garment,  crying,    Giuflttia,  CiHjlilia, 
fujlice,   Jnjlite,  his  Lordfliip  gave  him  a  Wound  over  the  Queen's 
Shoulder;  and  that  his  eldelt  Son,  or  as  others  reported,  aylndreio 
Ker  oF  Fadownjide  held  a  Piftol  to  her  Belly,    tlireatning  her  with 
opprobrious  Language  to  be  her  Death,  it  Ihe  oftbred  to  make  any 
RelUlance  :    But  wliatever  Truth  be  in  this,  it  is  certain  that,  lie  was 
moft  barbaroully  treated.     And  Blackwood  fiiys,   That  he  had  llxty 
mortal  Wounds  given  liim  by  different  Daggers.   But  to  return  to  our 
Author's  Account  ot  this  Action,  he  ("ays,  That  whilft  the  King  and 
he  were  reafoning  with  the  Qiieen,    tliere  came  one  kiiocking  fad 
at  the  Chamber  Door,    to  acquaint  dicm  that  the  Earls  ot  Hantly, 
^thol,  Bothzvel,  Caithnejs  and  Sutherland,    with  the  Lords,   fteem- 
ing,  Livingjlon,  Secretary  Lithington,  the  Comptroller,   the  Laird 
ol  Grant  and  dieir  Servants  were  fighting  in  the  Clofs  with  the 
Earl  of  Q^orton  and  his  Party;  upon  which  the  King  was  going  to 
join  Morton ;    but  our  Author  flopping  him,  defired  him  to  take 
care  of  the  Qiieen,  and  he  hoped  in  a  little  Time  by  joining  Alor^ 
ton,  to  quell  the  Rabble  below ;  and  indeed  any  one  of  their  Parties 
was  fuperior  to  thefe  noble  Lords ;  and  he  tells  us,  diat  before  he 
came   to  the  Foot  of  the  Stair,    they  had   forced  them  to  flielter 
themfelves  in  their  feveral  Apartments ;    upon  which  our  Author 
went  up  to  the  Earl  of  Bothweh  Cliamber,    where    he  found  the 
Earl  of  Huntly,  Sutherland,  Caithness,  the  Laird  of  Grant,  and  di- 
vers others,  to  whom  he  told,  that  what  was  done,  was  by  the  King's 
Command,-  diat  a  Parliament  had  been  called  in  order  ro  tiie  try- 
ing the  banifh'd  Lords,  but  the  Parliament  was  not  to  fit,  that  thele 
Lords  would  be  at  the  Palace  oi  Holy-Rood-Houfe  before  Day,  and 
fince  he  knew  that  there  were  fome  Differences  betwixt  Hunily  and 
oArgyle,    and  betwixt  Bothwel  and  Murray,    he  gave  his  Hand 
to  them,  that  all  fhould  be  taken  away  amongfl:  them  :    After  this 
he  went  to  the  Earl  of  o^thoh  Chamber,    accompanied  with  the 
Earls  of  Caithnejs  and  Sutherland,  and  the  Laird  of  Grant ;  he  found 
with,  them  the  Comptroller,  the  Secretary,  Mx.  James  Balfour,  and 
feveral  others  :    After  the  Ceremony  of  Salutation  was  over,  there 
having  been  a  great  Intimacy  betwixt  ^thol  and  Ruthven,    oAthol 
upbraided  him  for  concealing  it  from  him  ;  His  Lordfhip  told  him, 
that  all  was  the  King's  Contrivance,  and  that  he  had  promifed  Se- 
crecy to  him  ;  then  oAthol  defired  to  procure  a  Pafs  for  him  and 
thofe  that  were  with  him,  that  they  might  go  to  the  Country  till 
Affairs  were  fettled,  which  he  promifed  to  do  ;  in  the  mean  Time, 
whilft 

(«)  Chap.  i.  Pag.  gi. 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  0/ PATRICK,  Lord  Ruthven.  ^ 


'N-'V^O 


wliilft  lie  was  with  y4thol,  Huntly  and  Bothvjcl,  they  refiedling  upon  ^ 

the  returning  of  tlie  banifhed  Lords  that  Night,  and  on  tlie  Hatred  ^^%^' 
they  bore  to  them,  thought  it  fit  to  make  tlieir  Efcape  out  of  a  laigh 
Window.  Not  long  after  this,  the  Trovoft  of  Edinburgh,  with  a 
Number  of  the  Inliabitants  in  Arms,  came  to  the  Palace  of  Holy 
Rood-Houfe  to  afTift  the  Queen,  but  the  King  calling  out  to  them  at 
a  Window,  told  them  that  both  the  Qiieen  and  he  were  in  good 
Health,  and  what  was  done,  was  done  by  his  Command,  upon 
which  they  returned  to  thsir  refpecflive  Dwellings. 

Whilft  our  Author  was  talking  with  my  Lord  Athol  and  his  Com- 
pany, the  King  told  the  Queen  that  he  had  fent  for  the  banifhed 
Lords,  upon  wnicli  fhe  told  him  that  it  was  none  of  her  Fault  that 
they  were  not  fent  for  long  before,  and  de/ired  him  to  mind  how 
warmly  he  oppofed  her  giving  the  Duke  of  Chatelheratdt  a  Remif- 
fion.  Our  Author  having  returned  to  the  Queen's  Chamber,  he 
tells  us,  Thnt  the  Qj^een  asked  him  what  was  the  Reajon,  that  he  had 
now  fo  great  a  Love  for  the  Earl  of  Murray,  fince  he  might  remem- 
ber how  great  an  Enemy  he  zuas  to  him,  which  he  acknowledged,  but 
faid,  that  in  Obedience  to  God's  Command,  he  heartily  forgave  all 
Men.  Which  was  a  ftrange  piece  of  Impudence,  when  his  Hands 
were  not  wafhcd  from  the  innocent  Blood  of  a  Stranger,  whom  he 
he  had  kill'd  in  his  Revenge,  after  which  he  gives  an  Account  of 
the  King  and  his  own  infolent  Behaviour  to  the  Queen,  in  Vindi- 
cation of  themfelvcs,  which  highly  incenfed  her  againft  them  both, 
but  finding  that  it  might  tend  to  her  Prejudice,' t^  Vent  her  Pa(Tion, 
fhe  turned  Sick,  and  defired  thenv  to  leave  her  with  the  Ladies  of 
her  Bed-chamber,  which  they  did. 

When  the  King  was  come  to  his  Chamber,  the  Lord  Ruthven 
defiled  a  Pafs  for  the  Earl  of  ydthol  and  thofe  that  were  with  him, 
at  the  fiifl:  the  King  refufed  him,  unlefs  they  would  give  a  Bond 
under  tlioir  Hands  to  return  when  called  by  him  :  But  at  length  he 
Was  prevail'd  upon,  by  i^wr^w^'s;  engaging  for  their  Fidelity,  and 
^thol  being  brought  to  the  King's  Chamber,  upon  his  Promife  of 
returning  whenever  the  King  or  Queen  called  him,  he  was  permit^- 
red  to  go  Home,  but  refufed  a  fight  of  the  Queen^  fo  taking' his 
leave  of  the  Kin^,'  he  went  ftraigiit  Home,  accompany'd  with  the 
Earls  of  Sfitherland  and  Caithn^s,  tiie  Mafter  of  Caithaefs,'  tlie  Se>- 
cfetary,  the  Comptroler  Mi.  fames  Balfour,  die  L^icd  of  Grant 
and' (cveral  others.  The  fame  Night,  th(i  ^ing  wiijhout  the  jCon- 
tent  pr  Advice  of  the  Queen,-' iffued  out  a  Writ  fubfcribed  under 
his  Hand,  Commanding  fuciv  Perfons  in  Edinburgh,  '<si5 -he  hsidap^ 
pointed  for  tliat  Effedl,  to  fee, '  that  und^r  Night  none  :fhould  be 
permitted  to  be  upon '  the  Street'-but  I^roteftantsi  and  the  next  Day 
being  Sunday  tlie  lOth  of  March,  'he  difchafged'  the  Meeting 
of  the  Pari fament,  ^  ahd  '  coiVimanded  ■  all  Earls,  f relates,'  Lordi, 
Barons,  Commiflipners  of  Burrows  and  others,  that  itvere  called  to 
the  faid  Parliament,  to  depart  out  o( 'Edinlf^ghy'  mthin'.the  Spade 
of  three  Hours  after  the  Publjc^tipn  of  tbisi^  Over  thd'  Mercat  Crprs 

Si  of 


71  The  Ltfe  0/ PATRICK,  Lord  Rutliven.  VoL  11/. 

5J;;f^    of  Edinburghy    under  the  Penalty  of  lofing  their  Lives  and  for- 
'-'V^    tunes. 

That  Night  the  Qiiccn  thcrught  to  have  made  her  Efcape,  waU 
king  for  the  moft  part  of  the  Night  in  her  Chamber,  but  the  King 
hacTcaufed  lock  all  the  Gates,  and  committed  the  Charge  of  the 
Tower  Gate,  and  all  the  other  privy  Paffages  about  the  Palace  to 
our  Author,  who  caus'd  them  to  be  carefully  watch'd  all  that  Njght, 
and  under  the  filence  of  the  Night  Riz^ios  Body  was  dragged  to 
tlic  Porter's  Lodge,  where  the  Porter  and  his  Alfociates  infulting 
over  his  dead  and  mangled  Body,  they  ftript  it  naked,  and  pulling 
the  King's  Dagger  out  of  his  Side,  which  he  forgot  to  pull  out  of 
him,  they  committed  a  Thoufand  Lifolencies  upon  the  dead 
Corps. 

Tlie  next  Morning  about  Eighth  of  the  Clock,  theKinjr  went  to 
the  Queen's  Bed-chamber,  where  they  fell  a  reafoning  concerning 
the  Murder  and  harfh  Treatment  that  he  had  fhown  to  lier,  in  con- 
fining her  a  clofs  Prifoner,    and  in  the  heat  of  her  Padlon  fhe  let 
Tome  Tears  drop  from  her  Eyes,  which  fofoftned  the  King  s  Heart, 
that  he  granted  her  the  Liberty,  of  calling  what  Ladies  (he  pleafed 
to  name  to  attend  her ;  when  lie  returned  to  his  Chamber,  he  told 
Morton  and  Ruthven  what   he  had  done,    and  both  of  them  told 
him,  that  tliey  doubted  not,  .bur  that  fhe'would  employ  thefe  Ladies 
to  acquaint  her  Friends  of  her  Condition,    and  therefore  advifed 
him  to  retracfl  his  Promife  to  her :  About  Dinner-time  the  Queen 
felt  fome  Pains,  fo  that  fhe  feared  an  Abortion,  and  called  for  her 
Mid-wife  j  and  the  Kjng  being  fent  for,  fhe  challenged  him  for  the 
Breach  of  his  Promife ;  upon  which  he  immediately  fent    word  to 
Morton  and  Ruthven  (without  wliofe  Advice  he  durfl  do  nothing) 
to  acquaint  them  of  the  Queen's  Condition,  and  allowed  every 
one  that  pleafed  Accefs  to  her  Majefty.     But  fhe  being   informed 
that  my  Lord  Ruthven  had  fome  bad  Defign  againft  her,    fhe  fent 
for  John  Sernple,    Son  to  the  Lord   Semple,    and  having  told   him 
•Wliat  fhe  was  afraid  of,    fhe  fent  him  to  my  Lord  Ruthven,    to  ask 
him,  if  he  had  any  bad  Defign  againft  her;  which  he  openly  dis- 
owned to  Mr.  Semple,    who  round  him  at  Dinner  :    But  when  the 
King  returned  to  his  Chamber  about  Four  of  the  Clock  in  the  After- 
noon, his  Lordfhip  told  him,  that  he  was  informed  that  the  Queen 
had  only  feigned  that  fhe  was  in  Danger,  and  that  fhe  defigned  to 
make  her  Efcape  amongft  the  Throng  of  the  Women,  as  they  were 
parting  with  her  :    Upon  this  the  King   gave  him  Orders  to  put 
Sentinels  to  her   Doors,  who  were  to  take  a  narrow  Infpedlion  of 
every  one  as  they  paffed  out  of  the  Chamber. 

Aoout  7  or  8  of^the  Clock  at  Night  the  banifhed  Lords  arrived 
from  England,  and  were  received  at  the  Palace  of  Holy-Rood-Houje 
by  the  King,  Morton  and  Ruthven,  with  great  Demonftratiohs  of 
Joy :  And  after  they  had  conferred  for  fome  Time  togetJier,  the 
Earl  of  Ahrray  parting  with  the  King,  went  to  the  Earl  oi Mortons 
Apartment ;  where,  as  they  were  going  to  Supper,  the  Queen  having 

got 


The  Life  tf/ PATRICK,  Lord  Rutliven.  7^ 

pot  notice  ot  iiis  Arrival,(he  fent  for  him ;  and  having  received  him  very  ^J^;:'^'^ 
kindly,  he  returned,  after  fome  Converfe  with  her,  to  iWorWs  Apart- '-'^Vn; 
nienr,  where  he  lodged  all  that  Night :  The  fame  very  Nicht  the  King 
was  very  carnefl  with  the  Queen  to  be  reconciled  to  liim,  which 
(he  at  length  was  brought  rO,  providing  that  he  would  caufe  remove 
all  tlie  Sentries  and  Guards  that  were  fet  over  her,  and  that  none 
fliould  be  fuflfered  to  lodge  in  her  Apartments,  but  themfelves  and 
their  Attendants  ;  this  he  complied  with  :  But  when  he  acquainted 
the  Lords  Morton  and  Ruthven  of  this,  they  being  afraid  of  the 
fatal  Confequences  that  might  happen  to  them,  if  ever  they  were 
reconciled  again,  they  upbraided  him  with  Effeminacy ;  yet  he  per- 
fifted  in  his  Refolution  and  Promife  to  the  Qiieen,  and  our  noble 
Lord  was  obliged  to  remove  to  the  King's  Wardrobe,  where  he  lay 
all  that  Night :  About  fix  a  Clock  in  x\\e  Morning  the  King  went 
to  the  Qiiecn's  Bed-chamber,  and  finding  her  afleep,  he  fat  upon 
her  Bed-fide  till  fhc  awak'd,  and  then  earneflly  intreated  that  fhe 
would  pardon  the  banifh'd  Lords ;  this  (he  agreed  to :  And  when 
the  King  told  Morton  and  Ruth'ven  of  it,  they  endeavoured  to  dif^ 
fwadehim  from  believing  her;  but  ..by  this  Time  (he  had  entirely 
regained  the  King's  Heart  and  AfFedlion  to  her :  After  Dinner  the 
banifh'd  Lords,  with  the  Earl  of  Morton  and  Lord  Ruthven,  were 
brought  to  the  Qiieen's  outer  Chamber  by  the  Kin^,  who  went  to 
ask  her  if  fhe  would  come  to  them,  or  if^  he  (hould  bring  them  to 
her :  She  refolving  to  go  to  them,  was  led' by  the  King  to  the  outer 
Chamber,  where  they  falling  down  upon  their  Knees,  there  was  a 
Speech  made  in  their  Behalf  by  the  Earl  of  Morton,  and  then  every- 
one of  them  apologized  for  themfelves ;  after  .whkh  the  Queen 
told  them,  T^hat  all  of  them  could  not  but  know,  that  Jhe  vjas  never 
fplood-thirjly  after  any  of  her  Subjects  Lives,  nor  coveted  any  of  their 
£ftates,  and  that  Jhe  Pardoned  all  of  them  for  zvhat  they  had  done, 
and  hoped  they  xvould  be  better  Subjedls  tn  all  Time  coming.  Buc 
Morton,  Lindfay,  Ruthven,  and  the  other  Murderers  of  Rtz^io  not 
tiiinking  that  this  was  fufficient  for  them,  drew  up  certain  Articles 
to  be  fubfcribed  by  the  King  and  Queen,  which  the  Queen  promi- 
fed  to  do ;  in  the  mean  Time,  the  Queen  required  that  the  Kin^ 
fhould  caufe  all  to  remove  out  of  the  Palace  of  Holy-Rood-Houje^ 
who  had  no  immediate  Dependence  upon  her,  and  that  her  Guards 
and  Servants  fhould  only  have  the  Command  of  the  Palace,  fince 
all  Things  were  now  agreed  amongfl  them.  This  \yas  violently 
oppos'd  oy  the  Confpirators  ;  but  the  King  was  refolved  to  granr 
whatever  fhe  required  of  him  ;  upon  which  the  Lord  Ruthven  pro- 
tefted,  that  all  the  Blood-fhed  that  fhould  follow  thereupon  fhould 
fall  Upon  the  King  and  his  Poflerity,  and  not  upon  theirs :  After  which 
all  of^them  went  out  of  the  Palace,  and  fupped  that  Night  at  Mortons 
Houl'e  ;  after  Supper  they  dire(5led  Mr.  <!y4rchibald  ^Douglas  to  the 
King,  to  fee  if  the  Queen  and  he  had  fubfcribed  thofe  Articles  they 
iiad  given  him,  according  to  his  Promife  ;  but  the  Queen,  by  this 
Time  having  made  her  Husband  fenfible  of  the  horrid  Crime  of 

T  the 


^4  The  Life  o/"  PATRICK,  I«r^  Rutlwen.  Vol.  I  If. 

V.  ,  -  .      -  -  "  11   HI         -I  -^  

C^^VT    the  Murderers,  and  liow  much  it  would  reHe(ft  upon  his  Honotir  to 

All.    I  JOO.  .  I  y-  I  III 

v'V^j    countenance  them,    he  lent  them  word  that  tlie,  Qiieen  was  inchP 
pofed  and  gone  to  Bed,  and  could  not  fuhfcribe  them  till  to  Mor- 
row :    On  the  other  Hand,  the  Queen  fent  my  Lord  Trac^nnr  to 
fee  whr.t  they  were  doing,  under  the  Pretence  of  a  \\i\i  to  the  Far! 
of  Murray,    upon  which  all  of  them  immediately  went  to  their 
feveral  Lodgings.     The  next  Day,  which  was  Tuejday  the  i  ith  of 
March,    about  one  of  the  Clock  in  the  Morning,    the  Kin<4  and 
Queen  flipt  out  privately  at  a  back  Door  from  the  Palace  of  Holy- 
Kood-Houje,  where  they  were  met  by  jirthur  Erskm,  Captain  of  her 
Guards,  and  about  feven  Perfons  more,  who  convoyed  them  to  the 
Caftle  of  Vumbar :   The  Lords  having  got  notice  of  this,  agreed 
among   themfelves,    that  one  of  their  Number  fliould   be  fcnt  to 
their   Majefties,     requiring    them  to   fubfcribc   the  Articles,    and 
that  the  Earl  of  Murray  fliould  write    in  their  Favours  ;    and 
the  Lord  Semfle  was  the  Perfon  condefcended  upon  to  carry  the 
MefTage  to  them;  but  the  Queen  being  now  at  Liberty,  abfolutely 
refus'd  to  pardon  the  Confpiiarors,  and  iflued  out  a  Proclamation, 
commanding  all  her  loving  Subjedls  in  the  adjacent  Countries,  to 
meet  her  at  HadJingtonn  upon  the  17th  and  i8th  Days  of  iV^^rf/* 
in  Arms,  for  the  Defence  of  her  Perfon,    none  being  exempt  be- 
twixt \6  and  70.     And  Orders  were  fent  to  the  Lord Erjkine,  Cap- 
tain of  the  Caftle  of  Edmhurgh,     to  fire  upon  the  Town,    if  the 
Confpirators  did  not  immediately  depart  out  of  it ;  and  at  the  fame 
Time  a  Proclamation  was  made  over  theCrofs  oi  Edinburgh,  decla- 
ring the  King  innocent  and  free  of  the  Murder.     And  upon  Saturn 
day  being  the  izd  of  March,  the  Queen  cau(ed  fummon  upon  Iik 
Days  to  compear  before  her  Majefty's  Privy  Council,  under  pain  of 
High-Treafon,   the  Earl  of  Morton,    the  Lord  Ruth'ven,    the  Lord 
Lindjay,  the  Mafter  of  jR«r/;'uf«,  the  Laird  of  Orw/y?0M«,  the  Laird 
of  Brimfioun,  the  Laird  of  Calder,  Andrew  Ker  of  Fadoivnfide,  the 
Laird  of  Hat  ton,    the  Laird  o(  Er/tltottn,    Alexander  Ruthven  Bro- 
ther to  the  Lord  Ruthven,  Patrick  Mirray  ot  Tippermuir,  Douglas 
of  Wittin^ham,    Mr.  Archibald  Douglas  his  Brotlier,    George  Doug- 
las, Linc^ay  of  Prefloun,  Thomas  Scot,  the  Laird  of  Cambusmttk^t, 
Douglas  of  Lochleven,     "james  Jaffrey  of  Sheerhall,    Adam  Erskine 
Commendsitoi  o(  Cambuskenneth,  the  Laird  of  iyb«rr;>/^  the  Fiar  of 
Karfs,  Patrick  Wood  of  Bonnington,  Mr.  James  MGtU  Clerk  Regi- 
fter  and  their  Complices.      The  Confpirators  finding   that   their 
Party  was  too  weak  for  the  Queen's,  for  by  this  Time  the  Earls  of 
Huntly,  Bothwel  and  Athol  had  join'd  the  Queen  with  a  confidera- 
ble  Body  of  Men,    fome  of  them  fled  ro  England,    and  others  to 
Argyle  Shire,  the  Queen  marching  with  her  Forces  to  Edinburgh,  a 
ftridt  Enquiry  was  made  after  the  Murderers,    and  our  noble  Lord 
fays,  That  it  zvas  Jo  ftriii  andjevere,    that  it  would  have  pitied  any 
godly  Heart  to  have  feen  it,    as  if  the  puniihing  of  Murderers  were 
againft  the  Law  of  God. 

The 


Vol.  Ill  The  Ltje  of  VAT  KiC  K,  Lord  Ruthven.  75" 

The  King  had  a  Remiflian  given  him,  and  it  was  declared  high  ;:S:^. 
Treafon  for  any  one  to  fpeak  of  his  having  had  a  Hand  in  it.  Mr.  -^VV 
Jawes  Mgill  arid  feverals  of  the  Citizens  of  Edinburgh  fled  to  the 
Higlilands,  and  the  Office  of  Clerk  Regifter  was  conferred  upon 
Sir  fames  Balfour.  Thomas  Scot  Sheriff-Depute  of  Perth,  and  Ser- 
vant to  the  Lord  Ruthven,  with  Sir  Henry  Harris  fometime  a  Prieft, 
being  apprehended,  after  Tryal  were  convidled,  hang'd  and  quar- 
ter'd.  William  Harlaw  and  John  Moubray  BurgefTes  of  Edmburgh, 
were  convidled  and  brought  to  the  Place  of  Execution,  but  pardo- 
ned. Many  of  tlie  refl  for  Noncompearance  were  denounced 
Traytors  and  Murderers,  but  moft  of  them  fhe  afterwards  pardoned, 
and  reflored  to  their  Eflates.  The  Earl  of  Morton,  Ruthven  and 
Lindfay  fled  to  England,  where  our  noble  Lord  compofed  his 
hiftorical  Narration  of  all  thefe  Tranfacflions,  which  he  wrote  at 
iBerzvick,  and  died  towards  the  latter  end  of  the  fame  Year. 

This  noble  Man  was  a  Perfon  of  great  Sagacity  and  Penetration, ^J"*,^* 
daring  in  whatever  he  projeded,  a  great  Hypocrite  and  DifTem-S*'' 
bier,  who  ftuck  at  nothing  to  ferve  the  Interert]  of  his  Party ;  and 
fo  zealous  in  the  advancing  of  the  Work  of  the  Reformation,  that 
it  made  him  forget  his  Duty  to  his  God  and  his  Sovereign,  and  per- 
haps  no  Ace  has  produced  the  inftance  of  one  who  acknowledged 
himfelf  to  be  guilty  of  a  Fadl  which  all  mankind  muft  acknowledge 
to  be  Murder,  and  to  vindicate  the  fame  under  the  fpecious  Pre- 
tence of  Godlinefs,  and  for  thfe  eftablifliing  of  the  Proteftant  Reli- 

giOHi 


'A 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 


Difcourfe  of  the  late  Troubles  that  happened  in  Scotland,  h- 
tween  the  noble  and  mighty  Princejs  Mary,  by  the  Grace  of 
Cod  §ueen  of  Scotland,  dnd'her  Husband  Henry  the  King, 
with  others,  Earls,  Lords,  Barons,  Gentlemen,  free-holders, 
c^erchants  and  Crafts-men,  MS.  penes  me,  and  printed  at 
London. 


The  LIFE  oi  AD  AM  ELDER  ofthe 
Order  of  the  Cifierciam. 


THIS  Monk  was  born  o(  an  honed  Parentage,  it^   »«»  ""tk 
the  Shire  or  County  of  <iAberdeen,  and  had  his "ol  "'**'" 
Education  at  that  Univerfity,  where,  after  he  had 
finifhed  the  Courfe  of  his  Studies  in  the  Bellet' 
Ltttres  and  Piiilofophy,    he  applyed  himfeif  to 
Theology,   entred  into  Holy  Orders,  and  became  a  Monk  of  the,„,o"thrar'! 
Order  of  the  Cijlenianti  in  tii^MonaiWy  of  ICmUJff  in  th»  Shire  J;;^'** 

T  1  of 


76  The  Life  of  ADAM  ELDER.  Vol.  ///. 

£y[^    or  County  oi'  Murray,    at  that  Time  the  Reverend  father  in  Cod 

^•'V^    Robert  Reicl  Bilhop  o( Orkney  was  Abbot  oF  this  Monaflcry,   which 

for  the  Magnificence  ot  its  Strudure,    thd  Splendor  and  Jkauty  of 

its  Church,    dedicated  to  the  Blelled  Virgin,    was  not  inferior  to 

any  \n 'Britain,  if  we  may  bcVicvc  lienor  Moe tins,  wliofe  Words  are, 

Eji  (fays  he)    in  MW^os  nunc  Cacnobtum  cum  (•yJitgHfltjjtrNO  ternplo 

(li'V&  'uirgini  j.tcro,  Ailibufque  magnifies  extru6lHr&,  Riorum  ccttn  Ci- 

ileicienlis  inflitnti  tnftgne,    nnlli   in  Albione,    religionis  obfervantia 

Jecimdunj.     Our  Author  was  not  long  in  tliis  Monaftery,  when  the 

Abbot  who  was  famous  both  for  his  Piety  and  Learning  (  as  we 

have  fhown  in  iiis  Lite)  made  choice  of  our  Audior  to  be  tlieir 

trou'lerof' Lcdlurcr  in  Divinity,    and  when  their  worthy  Abbot  was  promoted 

YCwlVa,i  to  the  See  of  Orkney  in  the  Year  1 540,    he  made  Choice  of  our 

"IdTu.m'ioMonk  to  be  Tutor  and  Overfeer  of  his  Nephew's  Studies,  a  Youth 

«>>«  yo^ne    of  promifing  Parts,  who  fucceeded  to  him  as  Abbot:  And  when  the 

horn  yo'-""'g   Abbot  went  over   to  die  Univerfity  of  Paris,    to  finifh  his 

he  goes  over  Studies  thcic,  our  Author  went  along  with  him  in  the   Year  1^66. 

And  having  contraded  an  intimate  Friendfhip  with  feversfl  learned 

Men  in  that  Univerhty,  at  their  Defire  he  publiftied  a  Collcdion 

«vh.r.  he    of  Homilies  in  Latin,    which  he  had  preached   to  the  Monks  in 

vou'm/'of* /c/w/o/J,    and  dedicated  to  his  mofl;  worthy   Patron  the  Bifhop  of 

"""■''"'•    Orkney,  the  fuh]e£\:  Matter  of  which  are  as  follows. 

The  two  firft  are  upon  the  Nativity  of  our  ble'Jed  Saviour.  The 
third  is  upon  the  Star  appearing  to  the  three  zvife  Men  in  the  Eafi. 
The  4th  is  upon  the  Purification  of  the  blej]cd  Virgin  Mary.  The 
5th  is  a  Panegyrick  upon  S.  Benedi(^t.  The  6th  is  upon  the  Annun- 
ciation. The  7th  is  upon  the  jifccnfion.  The  8tli  is  upon  the  Mif- 
fion  of  the  Holy  Ghofl.  The  9th  is  upon  the  Feflival  of  the  blejfed 
Sacrament.  The  lOch  is  upon  John  the  Baptifl.  The  lith  is  upon 
the  Apoflles,  Peter  and  Paul.  The  1 1th  is  upon  the  aAlfumption 
of  the  blejfed  Virgin.  The  r^th  is  upon  ^.Bernard.  The  I4di  is 
upon  the  Matiuity  of  the  Uejjed  Virgin.  TJie  r5th  is  upon  the 
Fefiival  of  all  Saints.  The  1 6th  is  upon  the  various  coming  of  our 
blejjed  Saviour.  The  17th  is  upon  the  Conception  of  the  blejjed  Virgin. 
And  the  i8th  and  Laft,  is  upon  the  Dedication  of  a  Church. 
According  to  my  ufual  Method,  I  fhall  only  infift  upon  the  Subjedl 
of  one  ot  thofe  Sermons,  vizj.  His  third  Sermon,  and  endeavour 
to  make  it  appear,  that  according  to  our  Author's  AfTertion,  That 
the  wife  Aden  of  the  F.aft  that  were  condudled  by  the  Appearance 
of  a  new  Star  to  adore  Jefus  Chrift,  were  c^agi  that  came  from 
Arabia,  and  were  Kings  of  Arabia. 

That  they  came  from  Arabia,  and  not  from  Perfia,  as  it  is  vul- 
garly believed  was  the  Opinion  of  all  the  ancient  Fathers  of  the 
Church  ;  thus  fupn  Martyr  (a),  who  flourifhed  in  the  Middle  of 
the  fecond  Century,  fays,  That  no  jooner  Chrifl  was  born,  but  the 
Magi  of  Arabia  came  to  adore  him,  and  at  Bethlem  offered  him  Pre- 
sents of  Cold,  Jncenfe  and  Myrrhe.     And  Tertttllian,    who  lived  in 

die 

(«)  lo  Oulogo  cutn  Tryph.  jud.  poll  Dcdium. 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  0/ ADAM  ELDER.  yy 

the  Beginning  of  the  third;  find  End  of  the  fecond  Century,  fays  (rt),;^;:^ 

That  "they  were  from  Arabia,  md  offered  Prejents  at  Arabia,  accor-.^^'V^ 

ding  to  that  of  the  71  Tfahn,    Verfe    10.  and  15.   The  Kings    of 

Tarfhifh  and  of  the  Jjles  fall  bring  Prejents,  the  Kings  of  Sheba  and 

Seba  ftjall  offer  Gifts  :  And  he  fall  Ifve,  and  to  him  f  Ml  he  given 

the  Gold  oy  Sheba :  Befides,  Arabia  was  full  of  Magi,  or  wife  Men 

that  cultivated   their  Sciences,  in  fo  much  that  Tliny  tells  us  (b), 

That  Tjthagoras  and  Democrituy  did  not  become  learned  till  after 

they   had    confulted   the  Arabian  Magi  :    And  Porphyry  fays  (c), 

That  Pythagoras  went  to  Arabia  to  learn  Wifdom  from  them,  and 

the  Magi  were  fo  frequent  in  that  Country,    that  they  gave  the 

Name  to  a  Gulf  or  Lake  in  that  Country,  which  Ptolomy  calls  (d) 

Ma-^wK  ^^oATTtn,    the  Gulf  of  the  Magi;   and  he  tells  us,  that  it  was 

fituated  in  the  mofl:  Eaftern  Parts  of  Arabia  the  Happy  :    And  the. 

fame  Author  tells  us,  That  tl>ere  was  in  the  Red-Sea  an  Ii'land  of 

the  Magi,    Viayw*  yn&os.     And  why  might  there  not  be  many  Magi 

in  Arabia,  which   is  fo  near  to  Caldea  and  Perfa,    as  well  as  in 

Cappadocia,    where  Strabo  fays  {e\  There  were  great  Numbers  of 

them;  Maxima  (fays  hej  eji  ibi  magornm   multitudo.     And  always 

in  the  Scripture  Phrafe,  the  Arabians  are  called  the  People  of  the 

Eafl,  becaufe  its  to  the  Eaft;  of  the  promifed  Land.     And  Job,  who 

was  an  Arabian  (f),  is  (aid  to  be  the  greateft  amongft  all  the  People 

of  the  Eaft,    a^agnus  inter  omnes  orientals.     And  in  the  Prophet 

Jeremiah  (g),  they  are  called  the  Children  of  the  Eaft.     And  Laftl)^ 

if  thefe  (^Magi  had  come  from  the  Perftans^    as  it  is   commonly 

believed,    then  fubjefft  to   the  Empire  of  the  Parthians  •■,    Herod,- 

who  was  their  fworn  Enemy,'   would  not  have  failed  to  imprifon 

them,  as  Spies  from  his  fworn  Enemies  ;  whereas  he  treated  therrt 

civily  and  humanely,  becaufe  the  Arabians  were  at  Peace  with  the 

Jews  and  the  Romans  :  From  all  which  it  plainly  appears,  that  'tis 

much  more  probable,  that  thefe  wife  Men  were  Arabians  rather 

than  Perfians.  When  they  fay  then  in  'SiV  ^Matthew,  We  hanje  feen  hii 

Star  in  the  Eaft.,  it  is  as  much  as  to  fay,    We  ha^ue  feen  his  Star  in 

Arabia  :  But  from  what  Part  of  Arabia,  is  not  fo  well  known,  yec 

the  Conje(n:urc  of  the  learned  Father  PeZjron,  that  they  came  from 

the  Ifles  about  the  Perfian  Gulph,    inhabited  by  the  Sab&ans,   is 

highly  probable.     And    this    he  founds  (/?)  upon  that  of  the  7;t, 

Pfalm,  which  he  renders  thus,    The  Kings  o/'Tarlhifh,    and  of  the 

liles  ffall  bring  Prejents,  the  Kings  o/"Sava  andSaha.  Jhall offer  Giftsi 

after  the  Manner  of  the  Ancient  Verfions,    and   not  the  Kings  of 

S,\)aba  and  Stha  as  the  modern  Verfion  is  after  the  fewifh  Rabbiesy 

but  in  whatever  Manner  it  be  read,    there  is  a  difference  betwixc 

the  two  Saba's,    for  in  the  HebreWi    the  firft.  is  wrote  with  a  Shin^ 

and  tile  other  with  a  Samech,    and  fo  thefe  two  Names  point  out 

two  different  People,  and  what  thefe  were,  is  plain  from  the  lOth' 

Chapter  of  Genejts,  Vers/  7th,  where  Saba  with  Samech  which  is.  the, 

\J  firft 


(<)  Contfi  Ju(i«o.  Op.  y.  6c  Ub.  contr.  M*rtloo  dp    I  J.     (t)  Lib.  »j.  C«p.  ».     (t)  Apud  Crril- tib.   la  coirtr.  JuUifl" 
(i)  Ceogr.pli.  Lib,  S.  C.p.  1.  U  Ub.  4.  Op.  ••    10  Gfoirtph,  Cip;  If.     (/  )  Job.  Of  '<  »«*  j.     U>  J"-  Cifd 
V«.i,  I.    C*)  Hj«.  £»«.jcL  T««.  «. 


r    I  i« 


y^  The  Lije  of  ADAM  HLDhR. Vol.  III. 

rv/^.x^    i\[{i  Sah,  becaiiic  the  oldeft,    tho' ir  be  the  fecond  in   the  I'lalin, 
Crv^    was  the  Son  of  Chus,    and  Brother   to   the  ra.iious  Niwrod,    who 
founded  the  Kingdom  oi Bcibylon,  but  Sola  by  Shm  which  is  the(e- 
con  Sitba,    was  the  Son  of  Rcgrna,    and  conlcquently  the  Nephew 
of  N'tmrod,   by  this  Genealoj^y  whicli  we  find  in  Gemfs,    we  fee, 
that  the  two  Sabas  are  defended  of  Cham  the  Son  of  Noah^  lie  bc- 
in"  the  Father  of  Chits.,  now  in  the  Partition  of  the  Earth,  that  was 
made  under  Noah  after  the  Deluge,  all  yifrick  (ell  to  Cham  his  Son 
with  the  Weflern  yfrabia,    that  goes   hoin  Mount  Sephar  to  tiie 
Red  Sea,  this  part  of  Arabia  was  the  Portion  of  Chusy    the  eldeft 
Son  of  Cham,  as  Eg)p  was  that  of  c^/Jr^/;/w,  fo  it  is  in  the  Scrip- 
tures often  named  the  Land  of  Chi4s.     Tlicrelore,  the  Pollericy  ot 
this  Man  ought  to  liave  inliabited  that  part  of  ^Arabia,  which  lyes 
towards  Enft, ;   but  it  happened  quite  otherwife,    tor  tiie  Tyrant 
Nimrod  who  was  his  Son,  having  umuftly  ufurped   the  Country  of 
'Babylon,  which  belonged  to  ytjhtir  tneSonot  Chas,  that  were  near 
to  him,    removed   and  planted  themlelves  by  him  in  the  Eaflcrn 
jlrabia,  upon  the  Coaft  of  the  Perjian  Sea,    and  this  early  Tranf- 
mu^ration  ("eems  to  be  the  Reafon  why  the  Weftern  Arabia  loll  the 
Name  of  Chus,  according  to  tlie  Genealogies  that  Mojes  has  left 
us,  Genefis  Chap  lOth  Ver(l  7.  8-    The  Sons  ot  Chus  were  Saba, 
the  firfl:  of  the  two  Fevila,  Salatha,    Regma  and   Sahothaca,     with 
Nimrod  King  ol  Babylon,  of  all  thefe  Cliildren  of  Clms,    none  of 
their  Pofterity  are  recorded  in  Scripture  but  thofe  ot  Regmas,  who 
had   Saba  the   fecond  of  that   Name,     and  Dadan  and  thefe  are 
the  Pofterity  of  Chus;  that  inhabited  themofl  Ealteni  part  of  yJrabia 
the  Happy,  alongil:  the  Gulf  otPer/ta,  t'lom  Balfera,  or  the  degoi- 
o\n<^  of  the  Euphrates  to  the  Point  of  the  Straights  of  Ormits,    and 
in  this  all  the  learned  Geograpliers  of  this  Age  are  agreed.     And 
it's  plain  and  evident  to  any  that  will  compare  the  Tables  of  Ptolo- 
my  with  Mr.  Bochart's  Phaleg,    the  rtrfl:  Saba  the  Son  of  Chns  u'ith 
his  Bieduen  Hanj'tla  and  Salatha,  inhabited  all  the  Oriental  part  of 
jirabia  from  the  City  Balfera,  to  the  Point  of  Calif.  And  it  was  him 
who  gave  the  Name  to  the  firft  Sab&ans,  who  are  at  prefent  famous 
under  the  Name  of  Jemamites,  becaufe  they  inhabit  the  Country 
of  "jemama,    but  this  Name  is  but  a  modern   one  amongfl:  the 
Arabians.     Thefe  firft  Sab&ans  the  Defcendants  of  Chus,    were  for 
the  moft  part  driven  from  their  ancient  Polleffions  by  the  Greciansy 
a  People  that  came  from  Chald&a  near  to  Babylon,     as  M-e  learn 
from  Strabo  {a),  wiio  fays,  that  thofe  oiGerra  that  inhabit  tiie  Per- 
fan  Gulf,  were  Chaldeans  come  from  the  Country  oi  Babylon,  In  pro- 
funda (fays  he)  Jinn  jaceturbsGciia.  ■^o^'^  y(pp<^  habitataa  Chaldaeis 
'Babylone  exulibus.  Ptolomy  puts  this  City  o^Gerraot  C^m  towards 
the  fame  Place  where  is  now  the  City  of  Calif,   not  far  from  the 
Ifle  of  Baharam,  thefe  Sabxans  mixt  with  the  Gerreans,  Agatarchi- 
des  fays,  {b)  were  the  richeft  People  of  Arabia,    nullum  hominum 
genus  Saba;is  ^  Gerracis  opulentius  cjje  njidetur,    for  he  tells  us  that 
^__ it 

C<)  Geogr.  Lib.  i6.    ij>)  Apud  Phoc.  C.  90. 


Vol.  III. The  Life  of  ADAM  ELDER.  ^^ 


CN^^-^ 


it  was  they  that  had  the  greateft  Commerce  with  the  Syrians  and^i.-^^- 
Phccnicians,  and  tlu.s  fufficient  concerning  the  firft  Saba,  the  Son  of  ""^^^ 
ChuSy  and  Brother  of  Nimrod. 

The  fecond  Saba  the  Brother  of  Dadan,  and  the  Son  of  Rcvma, 
was  the  Father  of  the  Saba,ans  of  Arabia,  the  Happy  that  extends 
from  the  City  of  Calif  to  the  Point  of  the  Straights  oWrmus,  for 
Pompom  lis  Mela  (a)  fpeaking  of  Arabia  the  Happy,  places  them" 
there  with  the  Maces,  Majorem  (  fays  he  )  Sabxi  tenent  partem 
ojlio  proximam  ^  Caramanis  contrariam  Macx  :  And  this  is  evi- 
dent from  Ptolomy,  who  has  fo  exadlly  defcribed  oArabia  [b),  and 
Places  upon  that  Side  the  City  of  Regma,  which  had  its  Namefroni 
the  Father  of  Sava  ;  and  Stephanas  "(c)  Places  there  tlie  City  and 
Gulph  of  Regma,  Righma  ( fays  he  )  Stnus  circa  mare  Perfuum  j 
and  all  our  modern  Cartes  of  our  Travellers  place  likewife  there 
the  City  of  Dadan,  which  has  its  Name  from  the  Brother  of  Saba. 
But  laflly,  what  is  moft  confiderable,  it  is  the  fame  Country  of  yira- 
bia  the  Happy,  that  the  Prophet  Eicekielf^Q^ks  of  (^),when  he  is  dcfcri- 
bing  the  Commerce  of  Tyre,  where  lie  fays,  that  Saba  and  Regma 
brought  Gold  and  precious  Stones  and  Spices,  which  without  doubt 
were  Incenfe  and  Mvrrhe  :  From  all  which  we  may  rationally  con- 
clude, Ftrft,  That  tlie  Magi  that  came  to  adore  our  Saviour  at  his 
Birth,  were  not  only  Arabians,  but  thofe  ^Arabians  who  inhabited 
the  Ifles  and  Coafts  of  the  Perfian  GuU,  where  the  two  Sabas  were 
mentioned  in  71  Pfalm  according  to  its  fpiritual  and  prophetical 
Senfe.  And  idly.  That  according  to  tlie  ancient  Tradition  of  the 
Church,  they  were  Kings ;  for  as  TertuUian  very  well  obferves,  (e) 
the  Eaftern  Countries,  that  is  to  fay,  Arabia,  had  always  fuch  for 
their  Kings ;  Nam  (fays  hej  ^  (^Magos  Reges  fere  habuit  orient. 
And  Strabo,  wlio  was  well  acquainted  with  the  Cuftoms  of  thefc 
Nations,  afiures  us  (J")  that  the  Ancients  failed  not  to  honour  the 
Chaldeans  and  (^Magi,  and  to  beftow  Kingdoms  and  Governments 
upon  them  ;  apud  majores  nofros  (  fays  he  )  Chaldxis  ^  Macis 
fapicntia  alios  fuperantibus  honores  C?  imperia  delata  funt.  And  as 
wc  learn  from  Pliny,  the  Kings  (g)  of  thefe  Parts  about  the  Per- 
fian Gulf,  gave  for  the  Prefervation  of  their  Liberty  to  Antiochui 
Epiphanes,  who  was  going  to  fuh]e6t  them  500  Talents  of  Sil- 
ver, a  Thoufand  Talents  of  Incenfe,  and  Two  hundred  of  Stade, 
which  is  a  Species  of  mofl  precious  and  odoriferous  Mvrrhe;  and 
that  their  Riches  confifted  in  Gold,  Iftcenfe  and  Myrrne,  we  are 
informed  by  Polybius  (h)  and  thefe  tliey  offered  to  fignify  our  SaJ 
viour's  regal  and  facerdotal  Dignities  and  Death,  according  td 
Ciilius  Curio,  cited  by  our  Author  in  thefe  Verfes; 

Ergofolliciti  puerum  jam  qiurere  pergunt, 
Trinacjue  pro  trino  numine  dona  Ufrnt. 

Hie  myrrham  proper  at,  fert  alter  thurci  SabdOi 
Alter  Phijontis  munera  fuha  gerit. 

U  1  Alarum 


(«)  Lib.  M-  Cip.  ».    (i)  Cuir.  iJb.  6   C.j>.  7.     ('•  In  »<i:e  ftyi"-     (^>  Oup.  *)•  V^fC  »«.     («)  Lih.c«Mn  ]^mf% 
Qf-^    (/)«"b.  (Hoci.Uk.  ».    (<)Ub. /Op.  »•.    U)  S.idM  «>  rolfbio. 


8o  Tl}e  Life  o/ADAM    ELDER.  Vol.  Iff. 

-  - — — 

'>»'^^-^  ^Hrum  rex  pofcit^  Jed  gaudet  thure  Sacerdos^ 

Jlvkj'  Jn  myrrha  Chriftns  membra  fepulta  locaf. 

Our  Author  dicJ  at  Paris  towards  the  latter  End  of  the  YcJir 
15(57.  nuicli  regratcd  by  tlic  learned  Men  of  his  own  Order,  who 
had  a  particular  Efteem  for  him,  being  a  Perfon  well  feen  in  the 
Hebrew,  Greek  and  Latin  Lan^iiViQ^cs,  in  the  Bel/es-Lettres,  Philo- 
fopiiy  and  Theology,  iiis  Homilies  are  wrote  in  a  florid  and  Cice- 
ronian Stile,  and  highly  efteemed  by  the  beft  Judges  of  that  Age, 
amongft  whom  Henry  Blackwood  Dodor  of  Medicine,  and  Dean 
to  rhe  Faculty  of  Phyficians  in  the  Univerfity  of  Paris,  has  thefe 
Verfcs  in  Commendation  of  his  Works, 
Jn  ^dami  fenioris  0eo(ro(piaK 
Henrici  Blackwodcej  ad  Ledtorem 

Si  'vis  mel/ijluos  fophid  libare  fapores, 

Et  CHpis  dtherei  regna  beatatoli, 
Si  laudare  velis  coelejiia  numina  uivum, 

Et  Xenophont^eo  ws  ftmulore  loqui. 
Qj^ijcjiiis  non  'uanis  njitam  traducere  rebus 

Optas  :  fed  facris  infituijje  modis  ; 
Hi*c  ades ;  hie  non  funt  puerornm  Na;nia;,  at  omni 

Terfa  labore  fenis  'verba  %>idere  potes. 
H&c  ^  AndoteUs  fuperant  ^  fcripta  Platonis, 

Hunc  ergo  deles  confulhijje  librum. 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

I.     /I  D  u4MI  Senioris,  Scoti  Monachi  Ciftercienfis  ordinis,  Mona- 
jf\.  ftf^fi  Kinloffenfis,  ad  Reverendumin  Chrijlo  patrem  ac  Do- 
minum,  Vominum  Robertum  Reid  Orchadum  Pr/tfulem,    fire- 
«x,  five  Condones  Capitulares,  viz. 

I.  De  Nativitate  Dominica. 

II.  Item  de  Nativitate  Dominica'. 
Ill  De  yipparitione  Domini^ 

IV.  De  Purificatione  Beat  a  Maria. 

V.  De  SanHo  Benedi^o  prima  Abbate  Cafftnen/i. 

VI.  De  Annanciatione  Dominica. 
VIE  De  Refurreciione  Dominica. 

VIII.  De  Afmfione  Domtni. 

IX.  De  Mtjjione fptritHs  fanai. 

X.  De  Fejitvitate  corporis  Chrifti. 

XI.  De  San£lo  foanne  Baptifta. 

XII.  Dc  Sanais  Petro  (^  Paulo  oApofiolis, 

XIII.  De 


Vol.  III.  The  Catalogue  of  his  Works.  gj 


XIII.  Be  JJftimptione  BeatijjimA'virginisM.2knx.  rs,y\^ 

XIV.  De  Sanao  Bernardo  ClarA  njoliis  Ahhate.  w^X' 
XV:  Ve  Nat  hit  ate  Beat  a  Mariac. 

XVI.  Ve  Fefiivitate  omnium  JanHomm. 
XVll  De  Vario  Chrifii  Domini  Adventu. 

XVIII.  De  Conceptione  beat  a  Mariae. 

XIX.  De  Dedicattone  Eccle/tA. 

VdiuCns  ex  Typographta  Match asi  Davidis  njia  Amygdalina  adVe- 
ritatis  infigne-,  1558.  in  Ci^o. 


THE 


LIFE  of  JAMES    BASSANTIN, 
Profeffor  of  Mathematicks  at  Taris: 


Hit  Paren- 


H I S^  Gentleman  was  a  Son  of  the  Lord  of  Bajfan    „.,  p,^^_, 
tins  in  the  Mers,    he  was  born  in  the  Aeign  of^e*'*"^'"- 
King  fames  the  IV.  (a)  and  had  his  Education'"""" 
at  the  Univerfity  of  Gtafgow,     where  after  he 

had  finiflied  his  Studies  in  the  Belies-Lettres  and 

Philofophy,  he  apply'd  himfelf  to  the  Mathematicks,   in  which  he 
made  a  wonderful  Progrefs,  and  being  defirous  to  Improve  himfelf 
further,    he  went  Abroad,   and  travelled  for  feveral  Years  throucrh 
the  Low  Countries,  Swijjerland^    France^  Jtaly  and  Germany,    but 
the  Country  he  mofl:  refided  in  was  France,    where  he  taught  the  Her^ch., 
Mathematicks  with  great  Applaufe  for  feveral  Years  at  Paris.     At  mAicki't; 
Length,  havintr  a  Defire  to  die  in  his  own  native  Country,    he.  te-^^tulh.'"* 
turned  to  Scotland  in  the  Year  i  ')6l.     As  he  was  entering  Scotland., 
he  met  with  Sir  Robert  Mehil  upon  the  Borders,    and  falling  into 
Converfe  with  him,  he  gave  a  very  ftrange  and  furprizing  InftanceofU""',,? 
of  liis  Knowledge  in  Judicial  Aftrology,  which  we  hnd  in  Sir  James  *^^]"jl{^i 
Mehil's  Memoirs,  and  which  I  fhall  here  narrate  in  his  own  Words,  ^'"'"w* 
This  puts  me  in  Mind  (fays  he)  {^)  of  a  Tale  that  my  Brother  Sir 
Robert  told  me,    the  Time  that  he  was  hufiejl  dealing  betwixt  tht 
two  Queens,  (  Qj^een  Mary  and  §lueen  Elizabeth  )  to  entertain  their 
Fritrmjhip,    and  draw  on  their  Meeting  at  a  Place  near  York,  one 
Baffantin  a  Scots  Man,  who  had  been  a  Traveller,  and  ivas  learned 
in  high  Sciences,  came  to  him  and  f aid,  good  Gentleman,    I  heat  Jo 
good  a  Report  of  you,    that  I  love  you  heartily,   and  therefore  cannot 
forbear  to  p^ew  you,  that  your  upright  T>ealing  and  hone  ft  Travel  will 
be  in  vain  :  For  whereas  you  believe  to  obtain  aAdvantage  for  your 
^^etn  at  the  Qwen  of  England's  Hands,  you  do  but  lofe  your  Time 
and  your  IraveT.    For,  Firft,  They  wilt  never  meet  together  And 

X  next^ 

^)  S\A,  Ccvfatr  Lib.  %.  t.  i«|,  VtlliM  it  ScUst,  MtOu  P,  }t7.  Dtatfiv  AaSt.   W  MtlrO'i  Mtnoln  ?<(.  91, 


U  The  Life  0/ JAMHS  BASSANTIN. V(,l.  \\\^ 

r^^'^^^y^    nevt   1'\ie\  lali  never  do  amThmq  ei\(^   hut  dt\\emhimi  and  fecret 

An.  1568.      fit.^'i      •»  •■"■J    '  ,  •/  /'?■.••  I  Yir         I 

'^^'^^   Hittred  for  n  Wlnle.  and  at  length  Captivity  and  utter  nrack  to  our 
^een  from  r.ni!;laiicl.     My  Brother  anrwcrcd,  That  he  liked  not  to 
hear  of  Juch  T)cvilif}  News,    nor  yet  xoould  he  m  any  fort  credit 
them,  as  being  falfe,  ungodly  and  unlawful  for  Chnjlians  to  meddle 
zvith.     Banannn  anCucicJ  him,  Good  Mr.  Mclvil,  entertain  not  that 
harfh  Opinion  of  me,    J  am  a  Chrtjlian  of  your  own  Religion,   and 
fears  God,  and  purpofeth  never  to  my  felf  any  of  the  unlawful  yfrts 
yoH  mean,  hut  fo  far  as  Mclaiidhon  zvho  was  a  godly  Theologue,  hath 
declared  laivful  and  daily  read  in  divcrje  Chrifian  Vniverfities, 
hi  zvhich  as  in  all  other  Jrts,  God  gives  to  Jome  lej's,    and  to  others 
clearer  Knowledge,  by  the  zvhich  Knoivledge,  I  have  attain  d  to  under- 
Jland,  that  at  length  the  Kingdom  of  E ni^luiul  jhall  of  Right  fall  to 
the  Crown  of  Scotland,  and  that  at  this  Infant  there  are  Jome  born 
zv/ja  Jhall  brook  Lands  and  Heritages  in  Kiiglaiid  :    But  alace  !    It 
vjill  coj}  many  their  Lives,  and  many  bloody  Battles  will  be  Jought  ere 
Things  be  Jettled  or  take  Effe^-    ^nd  by  my  Knowledge  (adds he) 
the  Spaniards  zvill  be  Helpers,  and  zoill  'take  a  part  to  themjelves  for 
their  Labour,    zvhich  they  zvill  be  loath  to  leave  again.     All  which 
came  to  pais,    flive  the  laft  Article,    and   yet  even  in  that  there 
was  fo  much  Truth,  that  in  the  Year  1588,  the  Spaniards  invaded 
England  with  a  Dcfign  to  conquer  it,  but  God  fruftrated  their  Hopes 

by  a  Tern  pert. 

This  Gentleman  has  obliged  the  Republic!:  of  Learning,  widi  a 
ctL^wTbBook  upon  the^/^oAi^f  anditsUfefulnefs,  a  large  Folio  upon  Artro- 
nomy,  befides  which,  Vempfter  fliys,  that  he  wrote  a  Book  of  Ho- 
lofcopes,  a  Book  upon  the  Mufick  of  the  Platonifis,  and  a  Book 
upon  die  Mathematicks  in  General,  but  we  fhall  only  take  notice 
ot  the  Rife  and  Progrefs  of  Aftronomy,  in  which  our  Author  excel- 
led all  the  Mathematicians  of  his  Age. 

It  is  noways  to  be  doubted,    but  diat  there  was  fome  Kind  of 
""''o'^.ifiObfervations  upon  the  Celeftial  Bodies,  as  foon  as  tlicie  were  Men, 
c»'*Aft°tnV^QpfuJei-ina  that  glorious  Speiftacle  wliich   the  Heavens  conftantly 
"'""         prefent  us^with,   for  Men  could  not  have  Eyes,    and  not  fix  them 
upon  thefe  glorious  Bodies  of  the  Sun,  Moon  and  Stars,  they  could 
not  look  to  the  Sun,  without  obferving  the  daily  Change  of  his 
rlaces  in  his  rifing  and  fetting  at  certain  Times  of  the  Year,    and 
that  in  his  diurnal  Arch  he  fometimes  approached  nearer  the  Earth 
than  at  other  Times,    upon  which  the  different  Seafons  of  the  Year 
did  follow,  neither  could  they  look  upon  the  Moon,  without  ob- 
ferving her  feveral  Shapes  and  Dreifes  of  Li^ht,  from  which,  and 
her  periodical  Circuits,  the  Nations  meafured  their  Times  and  Sea- 
fons, becaufe  thofe  Periods  fucceeded  much  more  frequently  than 
the  Eredlions  and  DeprelTions  of  the  Sun.     And  Lafly,  They  could 
not  behold  that  beautiful  Shew  of  the  Stars  in  the  Night,    without 
obferving  likewife  their  Variations  according  to  the  Variety  of  the 
Seafons,  or  although  it  was  lon^  before  Mankind  came  to  enquire 
into  the  Caufes  of  thefe  Celertial  Changes  and  Variations  rertrained 

to 


Vol.  ill.  The  Life  0/  J  A  M  H  S  B  A  SS  A  N  T 1 N.  %y 

to  fee  Peiiods,  yet  as  we  have  faid,   they  obferved  them  from  the  'n^v^ 
very  firft  Age,  and  not  only  admired,  but  alfo  accommodated  what  ^^vC 
they  obferved  to  the  Ufes  of  their  Lives  and  their  Succeflbrs.    Now 
to  pafs  by  the  fabulous  Accounts  of  Jofcphus,  we  find  by  tiie  fac- 
rcd  Writ,  that  in  tlic  Days  of  Mofes  or  before  that  Time,   the  Stars 
had  been  rang;ed   and  difpofed  into  certain  ^Jlcrifms,    according 
to  fome  certa'in  Method  or  Artificial  Theory  tlien  in  ufe,    for  we 
find  by  the  Book  of  fol;,  whom  fome  fuppofc  to  have  lived  before 
c^ofes,   and  others  to  have  been  wrote  by  Mofes,    the  Conftella- 
tions  of  aAriiurus,    Orion  and  the  Hjades  (a)  and  tiie  Book  of 
Wijdom  (b)  fays,  That  God  ga-oe  to  Solomon  among  other  Things^ 
to  under Jl  and  the  Courfe  of  the  Tear,  and  the  Diff  oft  t  tons  of  the  Stars^ 
and  that  it  was  a  certain  profeHed  Art  of  great  Antiquity  amono- 
the  Chaldeans,  we  learn  from  Jfaiah,  who  tells  us,  (c)  That  at  Ba- 
bylon they  did  contemplate  the  Stars,  and  compute  the  Months,    timt 
from  them  they  might  foretell  Things  to  come.     To  pafs  over  the 
obfcure  or  fabulous  Remains  of  Time,  wherein  CceIhs,  oAtlas,  HeJ- 
perus,  the  yltlantides  and  Pleiades,  Mercury,  Saturn,  Jupiter,  Phae- 
ton, Hyperion,  Japetus,  Prometheus,  'D^dalus,  Icarus,j4treus  and  They- 
effes,  Hercules  and  Jphitus,  Orpheus,Palamedes  and  otiiers  were  Aftro- 
nomers.     And  the  learned  Gajjendus  (d)  has  interpreted  all  the  Fa- 
bles concerning  tiiem,  to  be  nothing  but  the  Knowledire  they  had 
in  Aftronomv.     To  pafs  over    ( I  ^y  )    thefe  fabulous""  Times,    to 
come  to  the  hiftorical  where  we  have  Certainty,  we  find  the  Contro- 
verfy  concerning  the  firfl:  Rife  of  Aftronomical  Obfervations,    lyes 
betwixt  tlie  Egyptians, ^Babylonians  and  Grecians,   but  the  Grecians 
have  little  to  plead  for  themfelves,  for  P/^/o  gives  over  the  Pretence, 
(e)  for  faith  he.    The   frfl  that  made  fideral  Jnfpe^ions,    xvas  a 
Barbarian,    4  more  ancient  Nation  than  ours,    bred  thofe  Men  who 
fir  (I  dc-votcdlheir  Minds  to  that  Study,  in  refpeii  of  the  Summer-like 
Serenity  and  Pcrjpicuity  of  the  Air,  fuch  as  Egypt  enjoys,  and  Syria, 
zvhere  all  the  Stars  are  clearly  'uifible,  and  no  Cloud  or  Mifls  to  objcurc 
the  beautiful  Face  of  the  Heavens.     And  it's  certain,  that  if  we  except 
die  Inftitution  of  the  Olympick  Games  by  Hercules,  and  the  Refto- 
jration  of  diem,  after  fome  IntermiiTion  hyjephytus,    which  happe- 
ned about  800  Years  before  Chrift,  and  (ome  Places  in  the  Wri- 
tings of  Ho?ner  and  Hefiod,  who  lived  near  that  Time  or  not  long 
before ;  tiic  Grecians  can  lay  Claim  to  no  Monuments  of  their  Ob- 
fervations of  the  Heavens  older  tiian  Thales,    who  flourilK'd  about 
600  Years  before  Chrift  :  So  the  whole  Controversy  lyes  betwixt  the 
Egyptians  ^nd  Chaldeans.      Tofeph'us  (f)  gives  the  Honour  to  the 
Chaldeans,  2ind  Plato  (g)  '\Diodorus,  Lucian,  Achilles  Tatius  Sind 
others,  bring  fuch  Authorities  for  each  Party,  that  it's  not  pofiibleto 
dcternjine  in  it,  jD/Wor«j  tells  us,  T'/'rf/ //?f  Chaldeans  apply  d  them- 
JelvQs  to  thefe  Studies  for  Four  hundred  and  three  Thoujand  Tears, 
and  Cicero  fays,  (h)  That  the  Egyptians  had  Obfervations  of  fof*f 

X  1  hundred 

(«)  Chap.  y.    il)Ci.ip.  7.    ujUup.47.    (i;  1>«  vna  fc  Procrclt  AAitm.    ^<)  1<> £p iuo.    ( / )  Ub.  Ami). Lib,  I.  (f ) 
li>  iipinom.    (,*)  Uk.  AotJi,  UW.  I. 


All.  I}6li. 


^  q^he  Life  of  ]  AMES  BASS  ANT  IN.  Vol.  Iff. 

hundred  thonjand  and  Jeventy  Tears  (landing,   and  Laertias  (a)  ray<j, 
CT/jfv  /?it^  them  for  four  Imndred  and  nine  thoufand  Tears  ;  in  which 
fron-i  the  Time  of  Vulcan  the  Son  of  Nintis^  to  tliat  of  yllexander 
of  cy^ncedon,  there  happened  of  Eclipfes  of  tlic  Sun  three  hundred 
fcventv  three,  and  of  the  Moon  eight  hundred  thirty  two  :   lUit  if 
we  examine  narrowly  all  this  boafted  of  Antiauity,  we  fhall  find  it 
come  far  fhort   of  their  Reckonings.     For  Pltny  writes  (1^),  That 
Bififencs  found  no  Obfervations  amongfl  the  Bahlonians  of  above 
Icvcn  hundred  and  twenty  Years  Anticjuity,  and  thofc  engraven  on 
artificial  Tylcs  or  Slates  ;  and  the  mofl:  ancient   Eclipfes  deduced 
from  them,  were  trandnitted  to  Ptolomy  about  the  fame  Number  of 
Years  before  Chrill  by  the  great    Hyparchm    and  to    the  fame 
Time  belongs  what  Berofus  and  Critodemus  fay,  That  in  tlieir  Days 
there  were  e.xtant  no  Obfervations  of  more  than  four  hundred  and 
thirty  Years,    as  Pliny  tells  us  ;   and  Calif  henes,  who  went  to  the 
Chaldeans  expreOy,  to  know  what  Obfervations  they  had,  by  the 
Perfwalion  of  oArifotle,    as  Simpltcius  informs  us  (c),  fays,    That 
they  had  none  beyond  a  thoufand  nine  hundred  and  three  Tears  Pafy 
commencing  from  Ninus  the  Son  of  Belus,    and  firjl   King  of  the 
Affyrians.     From  all  whicii  it  is  plain,    that  the  Antiquity  of  their 
Obl'ervations  are  not  above  one  thoufand  and  ninety  Years  before 
Alexander  the  Great. 

But  after  all  this  Pother  for  the  Antiquity  of  thefe  Obfervations, 
thofe  of  the  Egyptians  amounted  to  nothing  at  all,   and  thofe  of 
the  Chaldeans  to  very  little,  for  the  Egyptians  are  faid  to  have  ob- 
ferved  the  Kifing  of  the  Dog  Star  and  lome  other  not  very  difficult 
Appearances  obvious  to  the  Eye  of  any  Perfon  ;    But  there  are  no 
Remains  delivered  to  Pofterity  of  their  Obfervations,  witii  the  exadt 
.Defil^nations  of  the  Time,  as  they  ought  to  have  done,    and  from 
the  Chaldeans  we  have  as  litde ;  befides,  thefe  Eclipfes  mentioned 
in  Ptolomy,    but  when  we  fpeak  of  the  Egyptians,    as  the  learned 
(Jajjendus  has  obreived  (d).  Wemutfl  except  Ptolomy  liimfelf,    and 
fome  others  who  lived  and  fludied  at  Alexandria,     about  Three 
Hundred  Years  before  the  Nativity  of  our  Saviour,   and  after  Ale- 
xander, as  Timocharis,  Eratofthenes  and  Hipparchus,    for  all  thefe 
were  Grecians  or  to  be  accounted  amongft  the  Grecians,  in  refpecft 
of  the  Lan"ua2,e  they  ufed  and  wrote  in,  rather  than  amongft  the 
ancient  Egyptians,    by  whofe  Inventions  even  Ptolomy  their  own 
Country  Man  was  but  little  aflifted  :     But  to  be  a  little  more  par- 
ticular as  to  their  Difcoveries,  they  having  obferved  that  fome  Stars 
moved  in  Courfcs  contrary  to  the  Weft,    they  begun  to  think  tliat 
thefe  Appearances  happened  not  without  natural  Caufes,    and  ha- 
ving as  Diodorus  informs  us,    moftly  obferved  the  five  wandring 
Stars,  and  that  they  kept  almoft  the  fame  Courfe  as  the  Sun  and 
Moon,  they  thereupon  pointed  out  the  Zodiack,    which  they  divi- 
ded into  twelve  Parts,  whicli  thev  called  Signs,  becaufe  die  Moon 
runs  it  over  twelve  Times,  and  tlie  Sun  only  once  in  a  Year,   and 

according 


C4)  Id  tpmoD.    Ci)  D«  Divio.    CO  Lib.  J.  C*p.  j«.    (^)  tioU  Alnugeft.  Lib.  4..  C.  6. 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  of  JAMES  EASSANTIn!  g^ 

according  to  tlie  Number  ot  the  Days,    during  Vvhich  tiie  Sun  was  ^^^ 
in  paflin^  througli  one  Sign  ;  they  diftinguifhed  each  Sign  into  thirty  ^<S^ 
Tarts  whicii  we  call  Degrees.     Now  the  Way  they  took  of  diftin- 
giiifhing  the  Zodiack^   is  thus  recorded  by   Sixtits  Empiricus  and 
Q^acrob'tHs  (a).     They  rook  a  Vefl'el  witli  a  fmall  Hole  in  the 
Bottom,  and  filling  it  with  Water,  fuffered  it  to  diftil  Drop  by  Drop 
into  another  VefTel  placed  beneatli  it,  to  receive  it ;  and  this  from 
the  Moment  of  the  rifing  of  one  Star   or  other,    obferved  in  one 
Niglit,  until  the  Momentof  its  rifing  again  the  next  Ni^ht  follow- 
ing,   the  Water  fallen  down  in  the  Receiver,    they  divided  into 
twelve  equal  Parts  ;  and  having  two  other  fmaller  VefTels  in  readi- 
ncfs,  each  of  tiiem  fit  to  contain  one  twelfth  Part  of  the  Water,  they 
again  poured  all  tlie  Water  into  tiie  upper  Veffel,  and  ft ridly  mark- 
ing tlie  rifing  of  fome  one  Star  in  the  Zodiack,    they  at  tiie  fame 
Time  let  the  Water  diftil  into  one  of  the  fmaller  Veffcls,  and  (o 
foon  as  that  was  filled,  obferving  likewife  another  rifing  Star,  they 
put  under  another  fmall  Veflel,  and  fo  alternately  ftiifting  the  fmall 
Veflels,  they  noted,  if  not  in  one  Night,    vet  in  many,  the  twelve 
Stars,    by  which  they  might  difcriminate  the  whole  Zodiack   into 
twelve  equal  Parts.     Sixtus  Empiricus  likewife  tells  us,    That  the 
Chaldeans  taking  it  for  granted  that  the  future  Fortunes  of  Men  did 
depend  on  clieir  particular  Sign  rifing  at  their  Birth,  which  we  call 
Horofcope,  when  they  had  a  mind  to  divine  in  this  kind,  two  of  thefe 
wife  Men  agreed  together  in  the  Calculation  of  the  Nativity  of  the 
Perfon  propofed,  the  one  ftood  by  the  Mother  in  Travel,  and  the 
otiier  on  fome  high  Place  near  at  Hand  ;  and  as  he  that  was  below 
gave- the  Sign  of  the  Infant's  being  born,    the  other  took  care  to 
obfcrvc  the  Sign  tiiat  was  juft  then  newly  rifen.     Macrobius  (h)  telli 
us,  That  when  the  Egyptians  would  know  the  Diameter  of  the  Sun, 
tliey  had  in  ieadine(s  a  Veftel  of  Stone,  hollowed  to  the  Form  of 
an  Hemijphere,  exadlly  made  with  a  Stile  or  Gnomon  ere(fted  m  the 
middle  of  twelve  Horary  Lines  drawn  within  ;  and  on  the  very  Day 
of  the  Equinox,  obferving  the  Moment  when  the  upper  Limhus  of 
tiie  Sun  mft  ftiowed  it  felf  above  the  HoriZjOn^    tliey  marked  tiiat 
Place  on  the  Brim  of  the  Vcftel  on  which  the  Gnomon  c^Si  its  Shadow, 
tlien  again  marking  that  Place  on  which  the  Sliadow  ended,  wlien 
tlie  lower  Limbtis  of  the  Sun's  Body  appeared,  juft  above  the  Edge 
of  tiie  Horiz^on  they  meafured  tlie  Space  or  Diftance  betwixt  the 
two  Marks  of  tiie  Sliadows,  and  found  it  to  be  the  oth  Part  of  an 
Hour,  or  the  hundred  and  eigiitii  Part  of  tiie  Hemifphere ;  and  con- 
fcqucntly  the  two  hundred  and  fixteenth  Part  of  its  wiiole  Orb,   or 
one  Degree  and  an  hundred  Minutes.     Tliey  had  likewife  another 
Way  to  commenfurate  the  Diiuneter  of  the  Sun  by  a  Veftel  of  Wa- 
fer flowing  down  tiie  whole  Day,  wliich  had  dropt  till  the  Sun  was 
fully  rifen.     And  Cleomedes  hatli  declared,  that  tliis  Way  of  mea- 
furing  by  Water  falling  flowly  and  equally  from  Veflel  to  Veflel, 
was  owing  entirely  to  the  Egyptians :  And  as  for  their  Edipfes,  all 

y  that 

0*;  Lmf*.  AlcoL  t,  Mucok.  Id  $«mii.  »l.    (*)  Uld.  C<^  ^•^ 


8d  "Tf^e  Life  of  JAMtS  HASSANTIN.  Vd.  Ilf. 


jj^lf*^^    that  we  have   oF  them  is  only  (even  oi  the  Moon,     prcfcrvcci  in 
*^^v*»^    Ptolomys  Syntuxis;    but  thcCe  arc  but  very  coarfcly  fct  down,  ant) 
the  olclcrt  not  much  above  700  Years  before  Chrift  :  I  <;iy,  that 
the  Eclipfes  of  tlie  Egyptians  and  Chaldeans  were  but  coarlely  fct 
down  ;  for  they  were  not  taken  from  the  Motions  of  the  Sun  and 
Moon,  cxadly  calculated  by  the  Help  of  Tables,  but  having  lear- 
ned from  common  Experience,  that  every  nineteenth  Year  Eclipfes 
did  return  upon  the  fame  Day,  for  the  mod  Part,  thereupon  rhey 
endea\oured  to  predidl  what  Eclipfes  wc5uld  happen,  and  the  Time 
when  ;    and  this  was  after  they  had  perceived  not  any  Anomaly  in 
the  Sun,  but  fomc  certain  Inequality  in  the  Moon  ;  which  reducing 
to  a  Medium,  they  concluded  that  tlie  Moon  did  every  Day  run 
through  thirteen  Degrees,  and  a  little  more  than  one  (Ixth  Tart  of 
a  Degree,    as  Giminus  ob(erves  of  tlie  Chaldeans ;  but  in  tiie  Pre- 
didlions  of  the  Lunar  Eclipfes,  they  were  fomewhat  more  confi- 
dent, as  well  becaufe  tliefe  Eclipfes  ufi.ially  return  for  the  duec 
Ages  next  fucceeding  within  the  Compafs  of  the   fame  Days,  as 
becaufe  it  is  very  rare  in  rcfped:  of  die  Grcatnefs  of    the  Earth's 
Shadow,  but  the  Moon,  either  in  the  Whole,  or  fome  Part  of  her, 
more  or  lefs  falls  into  it :    But  becaufe  (as  to  Solar  Eclipfes)  the 
Moon  is  both  fo  fmall,  and  hath  fo  large  a  Paralax,  as  that  flie  doth 
not  for  the  moft;  part  intercept  the  Eight  of  the  Sun  from  the  Earth : 
Therefore,  fays  ^Diodoms,  fpeaking  oi'  t\\c  Babylonians,  That  theydtirjl 
not  determine  Eclipfes  of  the  Sun  to  come  to  any  certain  Time,  but  if 
they  prediiled  any,  it  was  alzvays  zvith  this  Condition,  tofa've  their  Cre- 
dit in  cafe  of  failing,  if  the  Gods  be  not  prevailed  upon  by  Sacrifices  and 
Prayers  to  avert  them  :  It  cannot  be  denied  but  the  Egyptians  were 
appryfedof  the  Sun's  being  the  Center  ofourSyflem,  forfucii  was  tlie 
Dodrine  of  Pythagoras,  Philolaus  and  fome  otliers,  who  travelled  in- 
to thefe  Parts,  and  Macrobius  tells  us,  that  they  affirmed  that  Venus 
and  QyHercHry  moved  round  about  the  Sun  as  their  Center ;  but 
chat   which    they  cultivated  mofl:,     was  Judicial  Aftrology,     for  fo 
much  did  they  afcribe  to  the  Zodiack,  that  the  Babylonians  thought 
that  each  Decimal  of  Degrees,    or  Thirds  of  rhe  Sio;ns,    and  the 
Egyptians  came  as  low  as  to  each  fingle  Degree,  could  not  be  var- 
ried  in  the  Rifing,    but  fome  eminent  Variation  muft  happen,   ef- 
pecially  in  him  who  was  to  be  born  at  that  Time,    and  therefore 
the  Egyptians  made  a  great  Circle  of  Gold,  defcribed  by  'Diodorns 
of  a  Cubit  in  Thicknefs,  and  Three  hundred  and  fixty  five  Cubits 
in  Circumference,  and  upon  the  Space  of  each  Cubit,    vvas  infcri- 
bed  each  Day  of  the  Year,  and  what  Stars  did  rife  and  {&i  that  Day, 
nay  the  very  Hour  of  their  refpe(5tive  rifing  and  fettin^,    and  what 
they  did  fignify,  and  whereas,  others  were  ufed  to  aflign  the  Form 
of  fome  Animal  or  other,  to  each  ten  Degrees.    They  affigned  one 
to  each  fingle  Degree,   and  fo  made  their  conjedlural  Predicftions 
accordingly  ;    thus  to  the  firft  Degree  of  ytries,    thev  afTigned  the 
Figure  of  a  Man  holding  a  Sickle  or  Hook  in  his' right  Hand,  and 
a  Sling  in  his  left.     To  the  fecond  a  Man  with  a  Dog's  Head,    his 

right 


Vol.  iJl.  The  Life  0/ J  AMES  JJASSANTIN.  87 

right  flrccched  forth,  and  a  Staff  in  his  left,  and  fo  of  the  reft,  then^^;-^^^ 
annexing  tlie  Station  to  each,  they  determined  that  lie  wlio  fliould^-^V^ 
have  the  firft  J)egrce  oi  Aries  for  Ins  Horofcope,  lliould  be  feme  part 
of  his  Life  a  Husband-man,  and  die  reft  of  it  a  Soldier,"  that  he 
who  ftioiild  be  born  under  the  fecond,  ftiould  be  contentious,"  quar- 
relfom  and  envious,  and  fo  of  the  reft,  all  which  the  Reader  will 
find  in  Scaltger,  deduced  from  jihen  Ezj-a^  from  all  \fhich  it  evi- 
dently appears,  that  Aftronomy  was  but  in  its  Infancy  amoncft 
them,  till  it  was  further  improven  by  the  Grecians^  to  whom  we 
owe  all  the  old  Obfervations  of  the  Planets,  Equinoxes  and  To- 
picks. 

The  firft  amon^ft  the  Creeh  that  wrote  any  Thing  concerning 
the  Stars,  was  Hejiod^  who  in  his  Book  of  Weeks  and  Days,  teach- 
cth  Husband-men  the  moft  opportune  Times  of  Reapin^T  and 
Sowing,  and  other  Labours  of  Agriculture^  from  the  rifing  and  fet- 
ting  of  the  Pleiades  and  feveral  other  Stars,  but  all  that  can  be 
learned  from  him  and  Homer  is,  /)r/?.  That  the  ancient  Greeks 
principally  attended  to  thefe  Rifings  and  Settings  of  the  Stars,  diat 
they  might  diftinguifti  the  feveral  Seafons  of  tlie  Year;  that  they 
might  foreknow  Rain,  Wind  and  other  Difpofitions  of  the  Air, 
ufually  attending  thefe  Seafons,  fo  that  many  of  them  compofed 
Parapegmata^  Tables,  Ephemerides  or  'Diaries,  in  wiiich  t!icy  infcri- 
bed  each  Day  of  the  Year,  with  the  particular  Stars  rifing  and  fet- 
ting  on  each  Day,  and  what  Mutations  of  the  Air  each  one  did  por- 
tend, idly,  Not  only  amongft  the  Grecians,  but  amongft  diverfe 
other  Nations,  beyond  all  Memorials,  eitherof  Tradition  or  Books, 
the  Stars  were  reduced  to  certain  Images  or  Conftellations,  and  de- 
nominated according  to  the  various  Fancies  of  Men  in  tiicfe  diffe- 
rent Nations :  But  at  firft  the  Grecians  had  only  eleven  Signs  in  their 
Zodiack,  and  it  was  long  after  before  they  added  the  twelfth. 

Tlie  next  to  Hejiod  amongft  the  Greeks,  who  improved  Aftrono- 
my, was  Thales  (^Milefms,  fo  called,  becaufc  he  was  born  at  Mile- 
turn,  Eudemus  in  Laertius  fays,  {a)  That  he  was  tlie  firft  that  pre- 
didlcd  tlie  Eclipfesand  Converfions  of  the  Sun,  and  amongft  others, 
Vliny  tells  us,    that  he  predidcd  that  notable  Eclipfe  of  the  Sun, 
which  happened  {h)  in  the  Time  of  the  War  betwixt  the  Medes 
and  L^dians  about  600  Years  before  Chrift,  but  as  the  learned  Ga^" 
fendus  obferves,  (c)  this  was  not  done  by  Calculation,  but  that  ha* 
ving  newly  come  out  of  Egypf,  he  had  learned  there,  that  Eclipfes 
generally  return  upon  the  lame  Day  after  the  fpace  of  nineteen 
Years,  and  having  taken  notice  of  one  that  fell  out  nineteen  Years 
before,  he  concluded  tiiere  would  be  one  at  fuclia  Time,  helike- 
^vife  added  the  Conftellation  of  the  Lejjer  Wain,  which  was  found 
out  by  him.     And  Apuleius  fays,  (d),   That  he  was   the  firft  that 
found  out  the  Motions  and  oblique  Tradh  of  the  fyderal  Lights, 
Anaximandtr  Thalii  his  Difciple  i$  faid  to  be  the  firft  who  diftO- 
Vercd  the  Obliquity  of  the  Zoaiack,  (e)  but  how  could  ThaUs  his 

Y  I  Maftcr 

U)  Is  rlu  ThiltiiJ.    H)  Lib.  4.  Op,  11.    (0  0«  artt  fc  pfogrcb  AAroa,    (V)  Lib.  i.    (0  >*>>>•  Lib.  ii.  Op.  I., 


88  The  Life  0/ JAMES  BASSANTIN.  Vol.  JIf. 

A^^    Multer  be  ignorant  ot"  the  Obliquity  of  the  Zodiacki  wild  had  been 

""^"V**-    To  lonf»  in  E^ypt,  and  iiad  written  of  the  Solflice':  and  Ilqiiinoxcs? 

It  is  wuli  much  more  Rcafon,  that  Vltny  (a)  and  Laertius   fay  (/>), 

That  he  was  the  firfl;  that  made  a  Sphere,  aflerted  the  globular  Form 

of  the  Earth,  that  it  was  the  Center  of  this  Syftem,  and  invented  a 

Gnomon,  by  which  the  Converfions  of  the  Sun,  or  the  Solftices  and 

Equinoxes  were  indicated,  which  he  fet  up  at  L^cf<^(rwo/?,    but  this 

lart,  wliich  Laert'ms  imputes  to  oAnaxiniander,  Pliny  (c)  attributes 

to  his  Difciplc  r^y^naxifnenes,  who  was  the  firO:  that  taught  (d)  that 

the  Moon  borrowed  iier  Light  from  the  Sun,    and  was  eclipfed  by 

the  Interpofition  of  the  Earth  betwixt  her  and  the  Sun  :  About  this 

Time  hkewife  flouriOicd  Pythagoras,    who  was  the  firfl  that  difco- 

vered  that  the  Morning  and  Evening  Star  was  the  fame  Star,  and  he 

was  the  firfl:  that  taught  that  the  Sun  was  the  Center  of  this  Uni- 

verfe,    and  that  this  Earth,    as  well  as  all  the  refl;  of  the  Planets 

moved  round  about  the  Sun,  as  we  learn  from  two  of  his  Difciples, 

Phtlolaus  and  ^rijlarchus,  cited   by  oArifiotle    and   oydrchirnedes. 

And  Ttrn&Hs  (f),  another  of  his  Difciples  held.  That  the  Earth  was 

not  fo  much   moved  about  the  Sun,    as  daily  turned  round  upon 

an  Axis  of  its  own  ;    therefore  he  is  efteemed  by  Synejins,    after 

Plato  as  the  mofl:  excellent  Aft:ronomer.    What  Cltojlratus,  Meton, 

Cal/ipos  and  Hjpparchus  did  in  their  Emendations  of  Tjme,  we  fhall 

afterwards  have  an  Occafion  to  give  an  Account  of  in  the  Hiftory 

of  the  Roman  /Calendar.     And  the  next  great  Improver  of  Afl;rono- 

my  is  Endoxiis,    who  was  cotemporary  with  Plato  and  ^rijlotle : 

This  Author  having  travelled   into  Egypt,    and  having  learn'd  all 

that  was  amongfl;  them  ;    and  finding  that  not  only  tiie  Sun  and 

Moon,  but  alfo  the  five  errant  Stars  did  keep  their  Courfes  round 

in  the  Zodiack ;  and  fo  that  as  well  the  Sun  and  Moon  as  the  five 

wandring  Stars  did  fometimes  vary  their  Latitude,  or  deviate  from 

the  Ecliptick  Line  in  the  middle  of  the  Zodiack,    for   he  thoimiit 

the  Sun  was  alfo  extravagant  as  well  as  die  refl:  ;   and  again,  that 

the  other  Planets  did  not  only  go  forward,  but  were  alfo  fometimes 

upon  their  Retreat  backward,  and  fometimes  made  a  Halt,  or  flood 

ftill  pondering  in  his  Mind  all  thofe  various  Motions,  and  thinking 

what  might  be  the  Reafons  thereof  in  Nature  ;  he  at  lafl:  imagined 

to  himfelf,  that  befides  the  ^planes  or  Spheres  of  fixt  Stars,  which 

ht\no  fupfeme,  carried  all  the  refl  toward  the  Wefl :  There  ought 

alfo  to  be  allowed  three  other  Spheres  as  well  to  the  Sun  as  to  the 

Moon,  and  four  to  each  one  of  the  errant  or  wandring  Stars,    of 

which  the  highcfl:  ftiould  follow  the  Impreflion  of  the  fixed  Stars, 

or  the  primum  Mobile :    The  next  to  that  fhould  move  counter  to 

the  firft,  or  toward  the  Eafl:,  and  the  third  make  the  Deviation  from 

the  Ecliptick,  or  Middle  of  the  Zodtack,  and  the  fourth  or  loweft^, 

caufe  in  the  Stars  their  Direftion,    Station  or  Retrogradation,   and 

that  by  a  certain  Vibration,  or  wavering  to  and  fro  again  ;  fo  that 

he 


t«)  Plio,  lab.  8.  Op.  i.    U)  In  *>'•  ^»''>    0)  Ub' fT-    C-O  l-»e«. '■>  vit.  An»rijn.    (»)  Aiiftot.de  Cselo  j.  C  ij.  Arch 

Amur. 


IK  lUtOMt, 


Vol.111.  The  Life  of  JAMES  BASS  ANT  IN.  S9 

Ii(?  fuppofccl  in  all  tu-cnty  feven  Spheres,  and  allthofe  Conccntiical,^;^^ 
that  the  Superior  might  carry  on  the  Inferior,  and  thcfe  might  be^-<'^v/'^ 
turned  round  within  thofe.    Afterwards  Callipus  joined  two  Spheres 
to  the  Sun,  two  to  the  Moon,  and  one  a  piece  to  Q^tirs,  [^enm 
and  Mercury,  and  fo  made  thirty  three  ;  and  ^rijlotle  to  all  Spheres 
that  did  not  follow  the  yiplanes  or  Primum  Mobile,  excepting  only 
the  Lunar  Spheres,    added   as  many  more,    which  he  called  the 
Renjohcntoms,  to  the  End  he  might  conform  them  to  the  Motion 
of  the  inerrant  Spiiere  or  Primum  Mobile,  and  fo  in  the  whole  he 
conftituted  fifty  fix  Spheres.     Now  all  thefe  with  whom  Plato  agreed, 
thought  that  the  Moon  was  the  loweft  of  all  the  Planets  ;  next  to 
her  the  Sun^  and  above  the  Sun  the  five  wandring  Stars.     Neither 
did  Jrchimcdes,  who  lived  above  an  Age  or  two  atter  them,  place 
them  in  any  other  Order  than  in  this :  Next  to  Eudoxus,  Ttmocharis 
is  to  be  rcmembred,  who  about  three  hundred  Years  before  Chrill, 
among  other  Things  relating  to  the  fixt  Stars,  obfcrved.  That  that 
Star  which  is  callccl  Spica  Virginis,  doth  antecede  the  Point  ot  the 
Autumnal  Equinox  by  eight  Degrees ;  with  him  we  are  likewife  to 
join  hisCotemporary  jlrifiillus,  whofe  Obfervations  P/o/c;w)'  made 
great  Ufe  of  (a),    in  order  to  his  demonftrating  that  the  fixed  Stars 
never  change  their  Latitude :  Aratus  not  long  after  emitted  a  Poem, 
called  Phenomena,  or  ^appearances,  tiie  Occafion  of  which  arofefrom 
this,   Eudoxus,  partly  out  of  the  Egyptian  Figures,  and  partly  ouc 
o(  the  Grecian,  furnifhed  the  whole  Zodiack  with  Images  refembling 
the  Afterifms  as  Men  had  fancied  to  themfelves,  and  caufed  them 
to  be  drawn  upon  a  Glob  or  folid  Sphere,   being  the  firft  of  that 
kind  that  ever  was  done  :  And  Jlratus  thinking  this  to  be  a  proper 
Subjcd  for  a  Poem,    made  die  Attempt   under  the  Patronage  of 
.Antigonus  Conatas  King  o^  (^Macedon ;  and  although  fome  of  the 
Jtiilum  and  French  Criticks  have  defpifed  his  Performance,  becaufe 
of  the  Barrennefs  of  the  Subjcdf,  yet  it  has  met  with  fuch  Reception 
amongfl:  the  Ancients,  that  tliere  are  extant  no  lefs  than  fouvty  Creek 
Commentaries  upon  it,  befides  thefe  of  Germanicus  C/ifar,  CicerOj 
Jvienus,  and  other  Latin  Interpreters :    It  is  true,  that  Cicero  (b) 
accufes  him  of  being  a  very  bad  Aftrologer,  but  acknowledges  diat 
he  was  a  very  good  Poet.     'Tivas  a  conMed  Point  (fays  he)  amongft 
the  Learned,  that  Aratus,  a  cy'kfan  utterly  ignorant  of  AJlrology  had 
uritten  mofi  elegant  Verfes  about  the  Heavens  and  the  Stars,   and 
that  Nicandcr  of  Colophon  'vas  beholden  for  his  Georgicks  to  his 
Jccfuaintance  ivith  the  Mujes,  not  to  his  Knowledge  of  the  Country^ 
And  from  this  PafTagc  of  Ciceros,    a  blundering  Story  has  been 
formed  by  fome  of  our  modern  Criticks,  who  tell  us,    That  King 
^ntigonus  merely  for  the  Jefts  faks  commanded  Aratus,    who  was 
liis  I'hyfician,  to  write  of  the  heavcnlv  Bodies,  and  Nicander  his  Poet, 
of  the  Art  of  Medicin  }   whereas  Aratus  and  Nicander  were  fo  far 
from  being  Cotemporaries,  that  there  were  near  twenty  Olympiads 
betwixt  tliem  (cj,  the  former  living  in  the  Time  of  the  firft  Ptolomy 

Z  J^ing 


(')  l.tb.  7.  C  ».  }.    tt)  UcOrtiorc.    (<)  Mr.  K-fniHl'l  Uyw  of  lb*  CrccUn  Poc",  P.  >;* 


no  The  Life  of  JAMLS  BASSANTIN.  Vol.  III. 

'^'-A-^  Kill"  o^  Enpty  and  tlic  other  under  the  (ifth  I'rincc  of  t!iat  N\ii;f, : 
^A/^^  And  all  th*:!!  I  fhall  Further  fay  of  this  celebrated  J'hyfician  and 
rocr,  is  what  is  obferved  of  liim  bv  a  pohreWrircr  of  this  Aj',c6/), 
'^fhiit  the  hitroff.iiition  to  this  Work  is  writ  with  fiuh  a  Strain  of 
Scnje,  of  IVit  and  of  Religion,  that  if  it  docs  not  chann  Men  to  look 
nnite  tfyrongh  the  room,  yet  ivill  engage  thcw  to  allow  that  frf 
Jl'jay,  the  Fraife  of  an  entire  Labour.  And  becaufe  it  is  indeed  a 
Mailer-piece,  I  fhall  put  it  here  down,  for  th.c  Reader's  SarisfadHon, 
tlnis  tranflated  from  the  original  Cicek,  as  inferred  by  Bafd 
Kcitnet. 

By  Mr.  KENNET{h),  m  his  Life  of  ylratus. 

Of  mortal  Strains,  Jo\'c  claims  the  opning  Lays 

Necr  to  he  mijsd,  or  left,  without  our  Fraife  ; 

Jove  diffused  with  eternal  htflncnce, 

fills  wore  thans  fuhjeit  to  our  narrow  Senfe. 

His  Hand  the  fpacioHs  Earth  compacted  holds., 

Mark'd  into  ^various  Trads,  and  'various  Moulds. 

Nor  with  Icfs  Force  he  bittds  the  Multitude, 

In  Towns  and  Tribes,  to  ivhat  is  for  their  Goody 

Blown  by  his  Breath,  the  Sea  beats  on  the  Shore, 

But  can  ivith  all  its  Rage    proceed  no  more 

Than  lohat  he's  marked  on  the  fandy  Plain, 

^nd  Jinks  with  Murninrings  in  the  Depth  again. 

Jove  ivith  a  common  Maintenance  fupplies 

The  Products  of  the  Earth,  the  Sea  and  Skies  : 

All  live  upon  their  bounteous  Father's   Store, 

PVIjo  gives  them  zvhat's  fuffcient,  and  no  more. 

For  not  indulgent  of  a  lazy  Race, 

He  i^jjigns  to  each    his  proper  Task  and  Place. 

By  Hunger  prompt,  he  jhozvs  us  when  the  Soil 

Js  fitted  for  our   Labour,    and  our   Toil. 

The  various  Seafons,  and  the  Proper  Scat 

For   Seeds  and  Grains,  and  when  to  Jow  and  reap. 

Him  therefore  firfl  and  lafi,  ive'll  praife  and  ferve 

With  earnejl  Offerings,  as  he  does  deferve. 

Hail  Father  !    Hail,   eternal  Miracle, 

Eternal  Help,  eternal  Goodnefs,  Hail: 

And  the  firfl  born  of  Jove,  /  implore  your  Aids, 

Jf  not  unworthy  of  your  Care,  the  Maids 

Ajjifi  and  raije  my  Numbers  to  my  Theme 

Worthy  of  you,  and  of  his  greater  Name. 

Much  about  the  fame  Time  Conon  lived,  who  added  the  Con- 
ftellation  of  Q.ucen  Berenice's  Hair,  on   which  Callimachus  makes 
the  following  Epigram,  of  which  we  only  have  the  Latin  Tranflation 
by  Catullus,  wherein  the  Star  is  fuppofed  to  fpeak  and   comple- 
ment 

(<•)  Kcaact,  ubi  fupra.    (i)  la  the  LivN  of  the  Cr(cl<n  Poets, 


Vol.  ill.  The  Lije  0/  j  AMES  BASSANTIN.  91 

ment  its  Miftrifs,  by  faying  that  it  was  a  "reater  Honour  to  t)elonij  ;^y,^ 
to  the  Queen's  Head,  than  to  have  a  Place  amongft  the  Conftef-'<^'>^ 
lations. 

S{d  quanqunm  me  no6fe  tremtmt  'vcjligia  'Dhum, 

Luce  autcm  cartA  Tcthyi  rcjlituor^ 
2^on  his  tarn  Utor  rebus,  quam  me  ahforc  femper, 

ylbfore  mc  a  domiriii  •vcrtice  difcrticior. 
Sidera  cur  retinent  ?  utinctm  coma  rcgia  fiam^ 

Proximus  KiCiums  fulgent  Erigone. 

But  tho  all  Night,  homttrd  vjith  Feet  di'vini^ 
j4nd  lodgd  zvith  Tethys  zvhen  J  cenfe  to  JhinCy 
Th'  unequal  Glory  banip'd  J  contemn, 
iBaniJhd  for  euer  from  my  princely  Dame. 
Te  (jod's  reflore  me  to  that  f acred  Head, 
And  let  Arduie,  unparted  court  his  o^aid. 

Not  long  after  tliefe,  lived  Arijiarchus  and  tsArchimedes,    Men 
well  known  to  the  Republick  ot"  Letters,  for  their  prodigious  Know- 
ledge ;  but  more  famous  for  their  Difcoveries  in  Geometry,    than 
Aftronomy.     Yet  ue  have  a  Book  of  the  former,    concerning  the 
Alagnitudes  and  Diflances  of  the  Sun  and  Moon ;    and  the  latter 
made  a  Sphere  reprefentine  the  various  Motions  of  the  Planets, 
according  to  the  Syftem  of  Eudoxus,  o(  which  Cicero  Cajs  (a),  That 
he  colle^ed  together  the  Motions  of  the  Sun,  Moon,  and  five  wandrin^ 
Stars,  in  the  doing  of  zvhich, ,  he  did  the  fame  as  tbi't  Cod,    zvho  in 
Plato's  Timscus  framed  the  World,  that  one  and  the  fame  Converftort 
iTiight  regulate  fundry  Motions,    mofi  different  each  from  other  in 
Slowness  and  Swiftnefs.     Next  to  them  was  Eratoflhenes,    Library 
keeper  to  Ptolomy,    Euergetes,    King  of-EgyPt,    who  obferved  the 
Biftances  of  the  Tropicks,    and  perlwaded  the  Kin^  to  fet  up  the 
ArmilU  in  the  Porticus  o(  Alexandria  (b)  for  obferving  the  Ccc- 
leftial  Motions,  which  Htpvarchus  and  Ptolomy  afterwards  made  ufe 
of,  and  h'e  hijnfelf  amonglt  other  Things,  obferved  that  the  Obli- 
quity of  the  Zodiack  was  of  Twenty  three  Degrees  and  Fifty  one 
jfvlinutes,  which  Account  Hipparchus  and  Ptolomy  conrtantly  adhe- 
red to.     His  Method  of  meafuring  the  Circuit  of  the  Earth,    we 
have  given  an  Account  of,    in  the  fecond  Volume  of  this  Work, 
(c)  And  now  we  proceed  to  tlie  great  Hipparchus^    wiio  flourifhed 
about  One  hundred  and  fourty  Years  before  Clirift,  this  great  Man 
was  the  firfl  who  brought  Aftronomy  to  any  Perfedlion,  he  finding 
that  Ttmocharis  Obfervarion  was  not  very  exacft^,    yet  becaufe  him- 
fclf  had  found  that  tlie  Spica  Virginis  did  not  antecede  the  Equi- 
noxial  Point  by  more  tlian  fix  Degrees,    and  the  other  Stars  in  the 
like  Proportion,  from  thence  he  underftood  that  the  fi^x'd  Stars  al- 
fo  were  moved  Eaft-ward  according  to  the  Zodiack,  and  thereupon 
wrote  %  Book  of  t!ie  Tranfgreflion  of  the  Solftices  and  Equinoxes, 

Z  1  and 

U)  D«  douui.    O)  l;'t*l«a  Ub,  J,  C*r,  II.    CO  Pi|.  M.| 


rhe  Life  o/'jAMES  BASSANTIN^ Vf)l.  III. 


An.  i5(;s. 


and  a  new  Scar  luiviiv^  appeared  in  his  Time,  tliereForc  fays  f/my 
(a\  He  bc^tm  to  doult  ivhether  the  like  havpcned  often  or  not,  and^ 
Zihethcr  thofc  St.irs  that  it  ere  thought  to  be  fixed,    hiul  nljo  fome  cer- 
tain Motion  peculiar  to  thenifclves,  wherefore  he  attempted al'ask  of 
1)iffcidt),  jtifficient  e'ven  for  the  God's  ther/i [elves,    namely  to  num- 
ber the  Stars  for  Poferity,  <^nd  reduce  the  heavenly  Lights  to  a  Rule, 
Jo  that  by  the  help  of  Jnfrnments  invented,  the  particnlar  Tlace  of  each 
one,  together  loith  its  Magnitude,  mipht' be  exaiily  defined,  andzvhere- 
i\  Men  fnifht  difcem  not  only  whether  they  difappcared  or  newly  ap- 
peared,   biit  alfo  zvhethcr  they  removed  their  Stations  :    yis  likcwife, 
whether  their  '.Magnitude  increafed  or  diminifhed,    leaving  Heaven 
for  an  Inheritance  to  the  Wits  of  fucceeding  ^ges,  if  any  were  found 
yiciite  and  Jndufrioiis  enough  to  comprehend  the  myflerioHs  Orders 
thereof.     And  this  was  the  hrfl  Time,  when  tlic  Places  of  the  fixed 
Stars  were  obferved  and  marked  out  according  to  Lon<^itudc  and 
.Latitude,  and  diat  Catalogue  of  die  fixed  Stars  wliich  lie  compo- 
icd,  is  the  fame  which  Ptolomy  lias  inferred  in  his  Almageft,  without 
Mliich  Catalogue,  %s  an  eminent  Aflronomer  of  our  Age  (b)  there 
zvonld  be  Jcarce  fnch  a  Science  as  Jjlronomy.     But  this  was  not  all, 
for  he  denoted  what  Pofitions  fundry  Stars  had  in  refped  of  each 
other,  whether  they  were  pofited  in  a  right  Line  or  triangular  Form, 
as  in  a  Qiiadrate  or  Square,  ti^c.  And  tho'  the  Motions  of  the  Sun 
and  Moon  were  already  in  fome  Meafure  known,  yet  he  made  that 
Knowledge  mucii  more  exad,  for  he  did  not  only  very  much  cor- 
red  t\\c  Callipick  Period,  of  which  I  fhall  give  an  Account  in  the 
Hiftory  of  the  Calendar,    but  alfo  having  colledfed  a  long  Series  of 
Lclipfes,    namely  from  the  Time  of  thofe  BabylonifJ)  ones,    in  the 
Days  of  Mtrdocempades,  down  to  tiiofe  obferved  by  liimfelf  for  fix 
hundred  Years  together,  and  remarking  that  neither  the  like  Eclip- 
fes  did  return  on  the  fame  Days  after  the   fpace  of  every  nineteen 
Years,  or  after  fome  Recourfes  of  ten  Novennales  or  ten  Times  nine 
Years,  any  fuch  Eclipfes  happened  at  die  Time  fuppofed,  and  that 
the  Caufe  thereof  confiftcd   both   in   the  various  Latitude  of  the 
Moon,  and  the  Anticipation  of  her  Nodi  or  Knots,  andherexcen- 
tricity,    bv  reafon   whereof,    her  Motions  to  her   ylpogAum  were 
found  to  be   Ibmetimes  flower,    and  thofe  to  her  Perigmm  with 
"reater  Swiftnefs,  dierefore  to  fatisfy  the  World,  he  gave  them  his 
Reafons  for  thefe  Difficulties,  and  formed  an  Hypodiefisof  his  own 
for  that  End  ;     and  according  to  this  Hypothefis,    he   compofed 
certain  Tables,  by  which  he  could  fafelv  and  exadlly  calculate  and 
predi(5t,  what  Eclipfes  were  to  follow,    now   great  they  were,    and 
Avhen,  and  this  is  Pliny  s.  Meaning,    when   after  he  had  fpoken  of 
Thales  and  Sulpitius  Callus,  he  makes  mention  of  Hipvarchus,  fay- 
ing, (c)  ylfter  thefe,  Hipparchus/orfro/^  the  Courfe  of  both  Lumi- 
naries for  fix  hundred  Tears  to  come,  comprehending  the  Month,  "Days 
and  Hours  of  Nations,  and  the  Situations  of  Places,    and  Turns  of 
People,  his  j4ge  tepfying  that  he  did  all  thefe  Things  only  as  he  zoiis 

Partaker 

— — ^— ^^^  ■■  .^^^m^mt  1      ■    I.  ■  ■■■!    ■■  ■  ■■-■■     I       ,  ■!  — U^ 

{,•)  Libi  2i  C»p.  JJ.    (fc)  Mr.  H*i)  in  Ifotttm't  ref,  upon  4nc,  and  mod.  Lcaroing,  Pag,  31J,  ■  (f)  Ubi  fnpu. 


VoL  III.  The  Life  of  JAMES  BASSANTIN. 


95 


Partaker  of  Nature  s  CpMnfels.     And  h^  tliis  oi  Pliny ^  we  find  that^yV^ 
Hipparchus,  bcfides  the  piecife  Times  when  fuch  or  fuch  Eclipfes  ^^%^ 
were  to  be  vifible  to  the  HorizjOn  of  Rhodes  or   ^Alexandria,    he 
pointed  fortli  alfo  fomc  Countries  and  principal  Cities,    tofrether 
with  the  Defignation  of  the  Month  in  ii(c  among  them,  as  alTo  the 
very  Days  and  Hours  when  eacli  Eclipfe  would  happen,  and  other 
Predidions  concerning  Rome,  that  fucceedcd  in  the  Days  of  Pliny 
yet  notwithftanding  ot"   all  this,    finding   that  he  was   hot  able  to 
furnifh  himfelf  either  from  the  Egyptians  his  own  Country  Men,  or 
the  Grecians  with  any  competent  Obfervations  refpedlive  to  thofe 
Tlanets,    for  as  I  have  faid  before,    whilft  tlie  Places  of  the  fixed 
Stars  remained  unknown,  it  was  impoilible  any  fuch  fhould  be  made 
and  thofe  that  he  had  himfelf  made,    were  of  much  fhorter  Time 
than  was  requifite  for  the  eftablifhihg  any  Tiling  certain  and  perma- 
nent in  tiiat  Sort ;  he  therefore  only  digefted  fuch  Obfervations  as 
he  had  recorded  by  him,  into  the  beft  Order  and  Method  he  could, 
and  fo  left  them  for  their  Ufe  and  Improvement  wiio  fhould  come 
after  him,  in  Cafe  any  were  found  capable  of  underftanding  and 
improving  upon  them,  and  it  is  to  the  Subtilty  and  Diligence  of 
this  great  Man,  fays  Mr.  Hally  (a),  That  the  World  was  beholding 
for  all  its  Aftronomy,  for  above  a  Thoufand  five  hundred  Years  aN 
tec  Hipparchi4s.    In  the  178  Olympiad  Boun[hed  Ceminus  (I;)  and 
Theodofths,  who  were  famous  for  their  Knowledge  in  Aftronomy, 
as  likewife  Sofigenes  of  ^Alexandria,   by  whole  Help,  the  Emperor 
"Julius  C&far  endeavour'd  the  Reformation  of  the  Kalendar,    An- 
dromachus  of  Crete^  who  publifhed  a  Theory  of  the  Planets  flouri- 
Ihed  under  the  Empire  of  Vefpaflan,  and  under  the  Empire  of  Domi- 
tian,    oAgrippa,    who  obferved  a  Conjundion  of  the  Moon  with 
the  Pleiades.     At  length  the  great  Ptolomy  appeared  about  a  hun- 
dred and  thirty  Years  after  our  Saviour,    he  is  efteemed  the  firft 
Founder  of  Aftronomy,  for  although  Hipparchus  had  indeed,  as  ic 
were,  hewn  out  the  Materials  of  this  noble  Strucfture,    yet  Ptolomy 
put  diem  in  Order  ;  But  with  all  due  Acknowledgment  to  the  Me- 
rits of  his  Predeccft^or  Hhparchus,  his  Predeceftbr,  as  we  learn  from 
his  own  Words.     The  Time  (fays  he)  (c)  from  whence  we  ha've  the 
Objtr'vations  of  the  Planets  Jet  down,  is  Jo  vaftly  fhort,  in  Compari- 
Jon  of  the  Creatnejs  of  Coslejlial  Vicijjitmes,  that  it  renders  ali  Pre- 
dill  ions  that  are  of  an)  great  Number  of  Tears  to  come,    infirm  and 
uncertain,  and  therefore  J  jud^e  that  Hipparchus,  that  z^ealous  Lover 
of  Truth,  confidering  this  Difficulty,    and  loithall,    not  receiving  Jo 
many  true  Oujervat tons  from  th(  Ancients,    as  he  bequeathed  to  usi 
undertook  indeed  the  Bupnejs  of  the  Sun  and  Moon,  and  demonflrated 
that  it  might  be  performed  by  equal  and  circular  Motions ;  yet  as  for 
that  of  tbe  Planets,  thofe  Commentaries  of  his,  which  have  come  thta 
our  Hands,  clearly  fhow  that  he  attempted  it  not,  but  coUeCiing  all  his 
own  Objervaiions  concerning  them  together  in  one  Order  and  Method 
for  the tr  more  commodious  Vfe,  rcfigned  them  to  the  induflry  of  after 

A  a  Ttmesj 


(j)  Ubi  (vfu.    U)  VuOiui  d(  rtrcot.  Mjibcm.    (')  Alaufiil,  Lib.  9.  C*r.  >• 


94 


An.  I  $68. 


The  Life  0/ JAMES  BASSANTIN.  Vol.  III. 

Times,  havinp- fir/l  demonjlrated  that  they  were  not  con^rtions  to  thofe 
Hypothejef,   xvhich  the  ^Mathematicians  cf  theje  Days   wade  ufe  of, 
and  for  others,   Jure  I  am,    that  either  they  demonjlrated  nothing  at 
all,  or  elje  attempted  the  Bii/inejs,  and  left  it  unfiriijhed,  kit  f  [ippar- 
cluis  Lein^  eminently  known  in  all  Kinds  of  Learning,  conceived  that 
he  oHzht  not  as  others  had  done  before  him,  to  attempt  what  he  fhoald 
not  be  able  to  accompHfi.     By  whidi  we  plainly  fee,  that  Ptolomy  was 
the  firrt  who  horn  true  Obfcrvatioiis   reduced  tlie  Motion  of  t'he 
Planets  into  Hypothefes  and  Tables  conform  to  thefc  Theories,  and 
this  Book  of  Ptolomy  s,  called  his  Syntaxis,  contains  all  the  Dortrine 
that  could  be  advanced  then  concerning  the  Sun  and  Moon,    the 
fixt  and  wandrina,  Stars,    and  is  without  difpute  the  outmoll   Per- 
fection of  the  ancient  Aftronomy,  nor  was  there  any  Thing  in  any 
Nation  before  it  comparable  thereto,    for  which  Reafon  all  the 
other   Authors  thereot  were  difre^arded  and  loft,    and  amongft 
them  Hipparchus  himfelf,     and  this  Book  was  embraced  as  the 
Standart  of  the  Science  for  a  Ion"  Time  bv  the  Egyptians,   Gre- 
iians,     ^Arabians,    Latins,    and  all  thofe  who  devoted  themfelvcs 
to  the  Service  of  Vrania ;  but  not  long  after,  Ptolomy,  Theon  and 
Pappus,  botli  named   ^Alexandrians  from   Alexandria   in  Egyfty 
made  a  confidcrable  Figure  amongft  the  Aftronomers  :    Tiie  hrft 
by  his  Commentaries  upon  Ptolomy,    and  tlie  other  by  his  Mathe- 
matical Colle(flions ;  and   from  his   having   obfervcd,   that  about 
400  Years  before  Chrift,  the  Obliquity  of  the  Ecliptick  was  not  fo 
creat  as  Eratoflhenes,  Hipparchus  and  Ptolomy  had  conceived  but 
near  upon  the  fame  that  we  difcover  it  to  be  in  our  Days :    In  the 
ei"ht  Century  j4lbategnius,  othcrwife  called  c^Iahomet  Ara^enf/s, 
from  jiradea  in  Syria,  made  divers  coeleftial  Obfervations  at  ArtUa 
and  at  Antioch,  and  found  that  the  Apoq&um  of  the  Sun  fince  the 
Days  of  Ptolomy  was  advanced  confiderably,  and  that  the  Stars  did 
regrefs  towards  the  Eaft  one  Degree,  not  in  the  Space  of  an  hundred 
Years,  as  Ptolomy  thought,  but  of  fomewhat  Icfs  than  feventy :   As 
alfo  that  the  Obliquity  of  the  Ecliptick,    according   to  Pappus  his 
Theory  was  lefs,  (viz,,  above  l^Degrees  ^5  Minutes)with  many  other 
Things  concerning  the  firft  Stars,  and  the  Tlanets  that  are  to  be 
foun(Jin  his  Book,  of  the  Knowledge  of  the  Stars,  where  he  corredts 
Ptolomy  in  many  Things,  and  compo(ed  new  and  more  exad:  Aftro- 
nomical  Tables  than  he  had  done.     Not  long  after  this,   or  as 
Voffius  thinks,  before  him,  Almeon  an  Arabian  King,    in  the  Plains 
of  Singar  near  Babylon,  obferved,  that  the  greateft  Declination  of 
the  Sun  was  I  J,  51,  or  as  others  have  ir,  z^,  34.  Befides  this  Prince, 
Aftronomy  for  fome  Years  remained  amongft  the  Arabians,    and 
Allumafar,    AlfragamuSy    Az,z,achel,    Elbennoz,ophim,    and  other 
oArabians  wrote  (everal  Things  in  Aftronomy ;    but  they  and  the 
I  ^fiyj  corrupted  it  To    with  their  Aftrological    Fooleries,    that  no 
Obfervations  or  Improvements  were  made  in  it,  till  about  the  Year 
11-70,  that  Alphonjus  King  of  Caftile  and  Leon  taking  great  Delight 
in  Aftrological  Predidions,  which  Science  he  had  likewife  ftudied 

himfelf, 


Vol.  Jll.  The  Life  of  JAMES  BASSANTIN.  95 

himfelf,  and  findin"  that  not  only  Ttolomys  Tables,  but  yilhateg-  ^;^/^^ 
tiiuss  were  not  exacfUy  agreeable  to  the  cocleftial  Motions,  he  called  *-^>/V 
together  as  many  Arabians  and  Jei^'S  as  were  famous  for  their 
Knowledge  in  Aftronomy,  and  they  compofed  new  Tables,  which 
from  iiim  are  called  the  aydlphonfian  Tables^  and  fometimes  tiie 
ToUtan  Tables^  from  Rabbi  JJaak  Hazjan  Chanter  of  the  Toletan 
Synagogue,  wiio  was  Prefident  of  this  Affembly  of  Aftronomers  : 
But  altho'  this  King  fpent  four  hundred  tiioufand  Pieces  of  Gold  in 
tiiat  Undertaking,  Tor  which  his  Memory  ought  to  be  held  in  per- 
petual Veneration  by  all  Lovers  of  Learning,  yet  they  who  were 
employed  in  this  great  Work,  were  not  fo  Itridt  in  ftudioufly  and 
conftantly  obferving  what  they  themfelves,  and  otiicrs  had  really 
obferved,  as  fcrupuloufly  dire(fting  their  Calculations  to  certain 
traditional  Myfteries,  or  Cabaliftical  Dreams.  In  the  Year  1500, 
Thebitius  an  Arabian,  and  Peophatius  a  Jew  obferved  fome  fmall 
Things  about  the  Motion  of  the  fixed  Stars,  and  the  Obliquity  of 
the  Ecliptick.  In  the  Year  1440,  Cardinal  Cufan  made  fome  Cor- 
recftions  and  Emendations  upon  the  Alphonfean  Tables;  but  about 
50  Years  after  him,  George  Purbachius,  and  Joannes  Regiowpntanus 
his  Difciplc  revived  the  Study  of  Aftronomy,  reducing  Ttolomy, 
providing  Inftruments,  and  making  a  great  many  faithful  Obferva- 
tions :  And  amongft  the  reft,  Regiomontanus  obferved,  That  the 
.Alphonjian  Tables  were  wrong,  as  to  the  true  Places  of  the  fixt  Stars 
near  two  Degrees,  accounting  the  Numbers  of  P/o/owy,  as  if  they 
had  been  conftituted  by  him  from  the  Beginning  of  the  Years  of 
Chrift  ;  but  thefe  two  illuftrious  Perfons  were  not  fo  happy  as  to 
bring  their  Defi^n  to  that  Perfection  they  had  propofed  to  them- 
felves, both  of  them  dying  in  the  Flower  of  their  Age  :  But  animated 
by  their  Example  about  the  Year  155(5,  Nicolaus  Copernicus,  a 
{Borujjian  born,  and  Canon  of  the  Cathedral  Church  of  Warrnes^ 
revived  the  long  negledted  Pythagorean  Syftem  of  tlie  World,  and 
made  many  noble  Obfervations,  in  Order  to  the  compofing  of  the 
new  Tables  ;  but  finding  that  he  could  not  determine  any  Thing 
concerning  the  fixt  Stars,  befides  their  Promotion  Eaftward,  whicn 
they  appeared  to  have  made  fince  PtolomysTime, he  therefore  com- 
pofed (ome  Canons  of  their  Motions,  and  thofe  as  exad  as  poflibly  l^e 
could  ;  yet  finding  that  they  did  not  exadlly  anfwer  to  the  Motions 
of  the  Heavens,  tno'  they  were  much  more  accurately  done  than 
the  u4lphonfian  Tables,  with  Modefty  that  can  never  be  too  much 
commended,  he  exhorted  that  ingenious  Gentleman  George  Joachi- 
mus  RheticuSy  deeply  enamour  a  with  the  Beauties  of  Aftronomyi 
to  apply  himfelf  principally  to  the  Reftitution  of  the  fixt  Stars, 
and  chiefly  of  thole  that  were  in  the  Zodiack,  or  near  it,  and  with 
which  die  Planets  might  be  mod  conveniently  compared  ;  becauCe 
without  their  Reftitution  it  was  impoftiblc  either  to  attain  to  the 
true  Places  of  the  Planets,  or  to  perform  any  Thing  of  Moment  or 
Certainty  towards  the  Advancement  of  Aftronomy.  And  altho' 
Joachim  and  Erafmut  ReinhoUus,  who  compofed  the  Prutenick 

A  a  I  Tables 


^5  n^e  Life  0/ J  A  MES  B  ASSANTIN.  Vol.  Ill 

'"^-''^^^    Tables  did  all  tiiat  he  could,    yet  nothing  confidcrabic  wit$  done, 
w^vv    till  Tycho  Brache  a  truly  noble  'Dane    cntrcd  upon  the  Theatre  of 
Aftronomv,   this  Nobleman  from  his  Infancy  was  fo  plcafcd   ^vith 
the  beautiful  Profpecfl  of  the  Heavens,    that   he   entirely  addicted 
himfclf  to  the  Study  of  Albonomy,    in  which  he  excelled  all   that 
ever  went  before  him  ;    a  new  Star  having  appear'd  in  the  Kcgin- 
nin<T  of  Nove7nber,  i  571,  in  the  Conflellation  oiCajJiopeia  for  above 
lixteen  Months  together,  this  great  Man  finding  that  it  was  impof- 
llble  to  determine  the  true  and  proper  Place  of  this  new  Star,  with- 
out the  Reflitution  of  the   fixt  Stars  to  theirs,    he  undertook   this 
<neat  Work,  to  which  he  was  not  a  litde  incited  by  the  Advice  of 
Copernicus,    in  the  Works  of  George  Joachim,    and   the  noble  At- 
tempt of  William  Landgra-ve  of  Hejje,    who  had  at  the  fame  Time 
endeavour'd  to  reilore  the  fixt  Stars  to  their  true  Manfions,  but  the 
Glory  of  this  was  referved  to  Tycho,  who  fpared  neither  Labour  nor 
Coil,    for  he  is  reported  to  have  expended  upon  it,    one  hundred 
Thoufand  Crowns  of  Gold  ;  but  it  mufl  be  acknowledged,  that  in 
this  he  was  mightily  allifled  by  his  Mxcenas,    Frederick  the  fecond 
Kin"  o( 'Denmark.     But  to  be  fomewhat  more  particular  as  to  this 
o;reat  Man's  Difcoveries  in  Aflionomy,    as  foon  as  h6  had  built  a 
Tower  for  Ca'leftial  Obfervations  in  the  Ifland  of  Huenna,    which 
lie  called  Vranihurg,    and  furnifhed  with  Store  of  exquifite  and 
magnificent  Inflruments,  having  called  feveral  learned  Aftronomers 
to  his  Afllftance,  he  begun  exacftly  the  Altitude  of  the  -Pole  in  diac 
Place,  by  the  Circumpolary  Stars,    (  ^  )  by  which,    underflanding 
likewifethe  Altitude  of  the  Equator,  he  pointed  out  the  Equinoxial 
Points,   by  the  pafllng  of  the  Sun  through  them;    and  attending 
befides  to  the  middle  Parts  of  Taurus  and  Leo.     He  found  out  the 
j^togAum  of  the  Sun,  and  the  Excentricity  of  it,    and  deduced  its 
Courfe  from  the  Point  of  the  Vernal  Equinox,   and  from  Venus  \\\ 
the  Day  Time  compared  with  tiie  Sun,  and  in  the  Night  with  die 
fixt  Stars  :    He  endeavoured  to  find  out  the  rigiit  Afcciifions  and 
Declinations  of  the  fixt  Stars,  which  the  Ancients  had  attempted  to 
do,  by  ufing  the  Moon  and  not  Venus  for  that  Purpofe  :  And  fuch 
was  his  Succefs  and  exquifite  Care  in  this,  that  he  conflituted  that 
bright  Star  which  is  in  the  Top  of  jiries,    and  ranoed  the  chief  of 
thofe  in  Order  along  the  Zodiack,   and  by  enquiring  further,    he 
found  out  the  Diflances  of  the  reft  as  well  from  them,  as  from  each 
other,  and  defined  both  the  right  Af'cenfions  and  Declinations  of 
them  all;    prefcribed  their  feveral  Longitudes  and  Latitudes,  and 
added  to  the  Catalogue  of  the  Ancients  about  200  Stars  that  were 
only  vifible  in  the  Danijh  Horiz^on,  and  having  in  the  mean  Time 
always  obferved  the  pafling  of  all  the  Planets  through  the  Meridi- 
an, and  their  feveral  Diftances  from  the  chief  fixt  Stars  neareft  to 
them,  he  laid  fuch  folid  Foundations  as  bv  them  might  be  exadly 
known,    not  only  the  true  Places  of  eacli,    but  alfo  their  feveral 
Motions.     Many  other  admirable  Difcoveries  did  this  great  Man 

make, 

l«)  Offffd.  ID  vi(  Trcb,  Brab,  C(  dt  ofiu  6(  piosicITu  Xftcou: 


Vol.  Ill  The  Life  <?/ JAMES  BASSANTIN.  97 

make,  and  amongft  the  reft,  he  was  the  firft  that  difcoveied  allCo-J^f^ 
mets  to  be  carried  freely  through   the  Etherial  Spaces,    that  Re-^AA» 
fradtions  ought  to  be  carefully  confidered  and  allowed,  for  he  like- 
wife    perceived   tliat  tiie  Latitude  of  the  Moon  ought  to  be  au(^- 
niented  by  more  than  a  Qiiadrant  or  fourth  part,  than  liad  been 
conceiveu.     He  demonftrated  the  Latitude  of  the  fixt  Stars  to  bo 
varied,  and  he  framed  a  newHypothefis  or  Syftem  of  the  World,  and 
many  other  Things  as  difficult   in  their  Invention,    as  excellent  in 
their  Ufe,  and  excelled  all  tliat  went  before  him  in  Exadtnefs  and 
Certainty.  Then  as  for  his  Mathematical  Inftruments,  it  is  well  known 
he  made  fuch,  as  for  the  Condition  of  the  Matter,  the  Vaftnefsof 
tlieir  Magnitude,  the  Variety  of  their  Forms,  the  Care  of  their  Ela- 
boration, the  Precifenefs  of  their  Divifions.  and  tlie  Facility  in  ufing 
them,  the  World  had  never  the  like  before.     And  fo  fubtile,  exadt 
and  diligent  he  was  in  his  Obfervations,  that  whereas  the  Obferva- 
tions  of  HipparchuSj  Ptolomy  and  all  others  before  him,  had  been 
marked  out  only  by  the  fixth,    or  at  moft  by  the  twelftli  part  of 
Degrees,  he  deligned  all  his  by  the  fixtieth  Parts  of  Degrees,  called 
Minutes,  and  very  often  alfo  by  Subdivifion  of  Minutes,  in  one 
Word,  tliis  noble  Dme  Iiad  formed  to  himfelf  the  Hopes  of  buil- 
ding the  whole  Theory  of  Aftronomy  from  tlie  very  Ground,  and  of 
erecting  complete  and  everlafting  Tables  for  Calculation  thereupon, 
and  probably  had  done  it,  hadne  not  been  cut  off  by  a  Retention 
oiVrine  in  the  54,  Year  of  his  Age,  in  the  Year  of  our  Lord  i6qi. 
However,  his  Catalogue  of  the  fixt  Stars,  beyond  all  Competition, 
docs  excell  that  of  Hippanhus,  being  commonly  true  to  a  Minute 
or  two,  whereas,   the  other  fails  half  a  Degree  Loth  in  Longitude 
and  Latitude  :  And  in  this  he  is  the  more  to  be  commended^  thac 
Hippdrchus  had  the  fame  Advantages  that  he  liad  for  obferving  the 
fixt  Stars,  the  Telejcope  not  being  then  invented,  and  this  was  the 
State  of  Aftronomy  wnen  our  Author  publifhcd  his  Cook. 

In  this  Book,  our  Author  firft  lays  down  all  tlie  neceftary  Axioms 
and  Definitions  for  the  underftanding  of  this  Science,  then  he  gives 
a  Table  ot  Sines,  after  this  a  Treatife  of  Re(5lilineal  Triangles  in 
twenty  Propofitions,  then  he  gives  a  Treatife  of  Spherical  Triangles 
in  thirteen  Propofitions.    The  next  Treatife  is  concerning  the  Sphere 
of  tlic  World  in/  thirteen  Chapters ;    the  ift  Chapter  treafs    of  the 
Syftem  of  the  World  in  general  and  its  parts,  the  id  is  concerning 
the  Magnitude  of  the  Earth,  in  Comparifon  of  the  Firmament,  the 
3d  is  upon  the  Circles  of  the  Sphere,   the  4th  is  upon  the  Declina- 
tion of  tlie  Degrees  of  the  Ecliptick  from  the  Equinocflial,  the  5th  is 
upon  the  Afcenfion  and  Defcenfion  of  the  Signs  in  a  diretft  Sphere, 
the  (5th  is  upon  the  Afcenfion  and  Defcenfion  of  the  Signs  in  an  ob- 
lique Sphere,  the  7th  is  upon  the  Oriental  and  Occidental  Latitude, 
the  8th  is  upon  the  Declination,   Afcenfion,   Defcenfion  and  Lati- 
tude of  the  Eaftern  and  Weftern  Stars,  the  9th  is  upon  the  Elevation 
of  the  Star  above  the  Horixjon,    the  lOth  is  upon  the  Variation  of 
the  Artificial  Days  and  Nights  in  the  different  Parts  of  the  £arth, 

^        B  b  flie 


o^  The  Life  o/JAMES  hASSANTlK Vol.  III. 

r-y\^    the  iith  is  upon  the  twelve  Calcftial  Hoiifes  aiul  their  Divifions, 
f^^-t    the  twcUch  is  upon  the  Divifion  of  tlie  Zones  and  Clirnntes,    tW-. 
1 2th  and  lad  is  upon  the  Longitudes,    Latitudes  and  I^iflantcs  ot' 
tlic  Re'Mons  of  the  Laith,  to  whicli  is  annexed  a  Talilcof  the  Lon- 
oitudcs  and  Latitudes   of  the  principal  Cities  and  I'hices   of  the 
World.     Then  follows  the  Hypotheles  of  tlie  Otlcflial  Orhs,  con- 
tainin'T  the  Theories  of  the  Surj,    Moon^   Saturn^   Jupiter,    Miirs, 
Venus  and  Mercury.     After  this,  he  gives  an  Account  of  the  dirc(ft 
Retro'^rad  and  Stationary  Motions  ot  the  Planets,  their  various  Af- 
pects,  the  Declination  and  Latitude  oi  the  Stars,    the  Latitude  of 
the  Moon,  the  Latitude  of  the  three  fuperior  Planets,  the  Latitudes 
ci  Venus  and  Mercury,  of  their  Excentricities,  Epiclipfes  and  what 
elle  belongs  to  the  Planets.     After  he  has  treated  of  thofe  Things, 
he  "ives  the  Theory  of  the  Motion  ot  the  eighth  Sphere,  antl  con- 
cludes with  die  pradical  part  of  Aflrononiy  in  diirty  PropoHtions ; 
wherein  he  gives  the  Figure  of  many  curious  Inflruments,  with  pro- 
per and  fuitable  Tables  and  Diredions  how  to  u(e  them. 

Our  Author  did  not  live  long  after  that  he  returned  to  his  native 
.nd''cw Country,  for  he  died  towards  the  End  of  the  Year  15*58.    By  what 
**"•         we  have  related  in  his  Life,  it  appears  that  he  was  well  (e.en  inju- 
dicial Aftrology,  and  his  Works  that  are  flill  extant  are  lading  Mo- 
numents o(  his  c;reat  Knowledge  in  Aftronomy,    but  Joannes  Tor- 
nAfius  who   tranilated   our  Author's   Aftronomy   from  French   into 
Lutin,  makes  him  one  of  the  greatefl:  Prodigies  of  Learning  that 
ever  was  in  Nature,  {a)  for  he  fays.    That   it   was  not   by  reading 
the  Works  of  the  Ancient  Mathematicians,  orot  the  Moderns,  who 
wrote  in  the  learned  Languages   that  he    acquired    tliefe  Sciences, 
tho'  he  was  one  of  the  greateft  Aftronomers  of  his  Age.     No,  fays 
he,  for  he  underfbood  no  Language  but  his  own  to  anv  Perfedliion; 
and  neither  in  that  nor  in  French,     notwithfhinding  that  he  lived 
the  moft  part  of  his  Time   in  France,    could   he  write  fo  much  as 
tolerable  Ciainmar,     fo  that  fays  he,  he  was  born  and  not  made  a 
Mathematician,  his  Words  are  thefe  in  his  Dedication  of  his  Aflro- 
nomy  to  Frederick  the  4th  Count  Palatine  of  the  Rhine.     Hoc  in 
Jacobo  Baffantino  Scoto  prime  hujus  Ubri  Aiiliore,    mirandum  fuit^ 
mod  'vir  prorfus  amujos,  ^  qui  nullam  linguam,   prater  maternam 
calleret,    in  ^Jlronomia  tarnen  ita  excelluertt  ut  inter  primos  xtatis 
Jha  Afironomos  habitus  fit,  aliis  necejfe  fuit  Latinam,  Grxcam,  Ara- 
bicam  linguas  edijcere,ftnomen  aliquod  in  AJironomix.  profejjione  adi- 
pifci  'voluerint,  nofler  autem  Scotus  aAflronomus  natus  efi,  non  faiius 
forro  liber  hie  primo  Call  ice  prodiit,  non  quidem  ut  ab  u^u^fore  Jcrip- 
tus  efi  (nam  ita  parum  in  Gallica  lingua  profecerit,    ut  quamvis  bo- 
nam  Atatis  partem  triverit  in  Galliis,    nunquam  tamen  potuerit  maf- 
culina  mafculinis  aptare,  nee  f^minina  fixmininis,  immo  femper  majcu- 
lina  adjefli'ua  que  Grammatici  -vocant  f&mininis  fubfantivis  junge- 
ret,^  J&minina  mafculinis,prxter  innumeros  alios Jolxcijmos  quibusfca^ 
tebat)  verum  incondita  iliiusnjerba  a  Gallic  a  linguA  per  it  is  polita  f/tnt. 

If 

(«)  i:pift.  Dcdicai. 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  of  JAMES  BASSANTIN. 


99 


It  all  this  be  true  as  we  liave  faid,  our  Author  was  a  Trodigy,  tor^y^^g^ 
I  dare  (ay  he  was  the  firll,  and  will  be  the  laft  Mathematician  that**^^^ 
ever  the  World  had  or  will  have,  that  was  either  born  or  infpired 
with  Mathcmaricks,  for  in  his  Age  there  was  no  Tranflation  in  any 
of  the  vulgar  Lan];»uages,  of  the  Writings  of  the  ancient  Mathe- 
maticians, which  our  Author  feems  to  have  known  admirably  well, 
as  it  appears  from  his  Writings.  Befides  his  Aftronomy,our  Author 
lias  wrote  a  Book  upon  the  y4jlrolab  and  its  Ufes,"  an  Inftrumenc 
U'ell  known  to  any  that  lias  the  leaft  Knowledge  in  Aftronomy  of 
Navigation.  'Dempfter  fays,  {a)  that  he  likewife  wrote  a"  Book 
concerning  Horofcopes,  a  Book  of  Arithmetick,  a  Book  on  the  Mu- 
fick  of  the  Ancients,  and  a  Book  upon  the  Mathematical  Sciences 
in  General. 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

1-  A  STRONOMIJ  Jacobi  Baflantini  Scott,  opus  ahfolutifJiwHrn^ 
jTjL  in  quo  qtiicquid  unquam  peritiores  Mathematici  in  Calis 
objernjarunt^  eo  ordine,  eaque  methodo  traditur,  tit  cuivis  pofi' 
hac  facile  innotejcant  qu£cmciue  de  a  fir  is  ac  planet  ts  nee  non 
de  eoru/n  variis  orhibus,  motthtts,  paffionibus,  dec.  dtci  pojunf 
ingens  ^  doiium  'volumcn  ter  edttum  Latine  ^  Gallice  Genev. 
1 599  in  Folio. 

II.  Parapbrafe  de  f  oAfirolabe  avec  me  amplification  de  C  ufage  de 

la  Afirolabe  a  Lyon   1555  in  '6'vo  (^  Paris  l6iy  m  8w. 

III.  Super  M.nhematica  Genethliaccu 

IV.  yirithmetica. 

V.  Mufica  fecttndum  Platonicos. 

VI.  ©f  cMatheJt  in  generc. 


The  LIFE  of  TETER  BIS  SAT,  Vro 
feflbr  of  the  Canon  Law  in  the  Univerfi- 
ty  of  Bononia, 

TH  I S  Gentleman   was   defcended    from  Thomas  hi.  Bit.h,- 
Btjfat,  or  Bijjart,  who  was  Earl  of  Ftfe  {b)  in  theKilL* 
Reign  of  Kin^  David,  about  the  Year  1^61.    He 
was  born  in  the  Shire  of  Fife,  (c),  in  the  Reign  of 
King  James  V.     He  had  his    Education   in  die 
Univerfity  of  Sr.  ^Andrews ;  where,  after  he  had  finifhed  the  Courfe 
of  his  Studies  in  Grammar  and  Philofophy,    he  applied  himfelf  to 
the  Study  of  tlie  Laws ;  and  defigning  to  improve  himfelf  at  foreign 
Univerfities,    he  went  over  to  Franct^    where  he  (ludied  iot  Come 

B  b  1  Time 

I    i  «  .  I.       .  I  II     .nil 

(<)  lib.  *.  p.  lol.    0)  Im  Su  RiUfi  SMtUt  PtCair.  of  flic  r.  ^7.    {/)  PfKt/-  li**-  *•  >*■  91: 


joo  T/;f  Life  0/  i'hT EK  B I SS AT.  Vol.  Hi 

'■^^''•^  Tunc  at  the  Univerfity  of  Paris ;  from  rhencc  he  went  to  Italy, 
J^Xj  where  he  commenced  Dodlor  of  the  Lawi  at  Bononia^  and  w;is 
D^loroTrhe'fhoiclv  after  honoured  witli  tlic  Dignity  of  J'rofcKor  in  the  Canon 
i>m"Mn.'"lt  Law  in  that  Univcrlicy,  where  he  taught  it  for  feveral  Years  with 
*"""'•      great  Applau(e. 

We  have  ilill  extant  of  this  Author  Tome  Poems  and  Orations, 
oth.fwo.uand  a  Book  dedicated  to  Boniface  Godxi,acInOy  a  nob\c  Ferietian, 
concernin'j;  Irregularities,  which  in  the  Canon  Law  fignifies  the 
Grounds  and  Reafons  that  are  ajjigned  by  the  Chnrch,  for  excluding 
certain  Laicks  from  the  Clergy.  And  what  the(e  were,  I  {hall  give 
the  Reader,  from  our  Author,  a  briet  Account  of.  The  primitive 
Chnrtians  in  admitting  of  the  Clergy,  obferved  exa(ftly  the  Rules  fet 
down  by  Si.  Paul,  in  the  third  Chapter  of  the  firft  Epiftleto  T/wo- 
thy:  Yet  fometimes,  as  we  learn  from  St.  CyprM^  («),  at  the  preffirig 
Inrtances  of  the  People,  thofe  whofe  Merit  was  fufficiently  known 
to  the  Church  j  but  refufed  to  enter  into  Holy  Orders  oUt  of  Hu- 
mility, were  compelled  to  do  it :  But  by  the  Canons  of  the 
Church  (/>),  a  Man  muft  firfl:  be  a  Deacon  before  he  can  be  a  Pneft, 
and  a  Prieft,  before  he  can  be  a  Bifhop. 

The  Clerks  were  chofen  out  of  the  moft  Holy  of  the  Laicks,  and 
therefore  by  the  Canons  of  the  Church,    all  thofe  were  excluded 
from  tiie  Cleri^y  who  were  liable  to  any  Reproach  in  their  Lives  and 
Converfations  :    The  Apoftle  having  in  the  above-cited  Chapter 
required,  That  they  fl.ould  he Blamelefs,  and  zvithout  Reproach.  And 
accordingly  the  firft  Council  of  A'/cf  (r)  excluded  all  thofe,   who 
a:rer  Baptilm   had  fallen  into  any  fort  of  Crime,    fuch  as  Hereby, 
Apoftacy,  Homicid  and  Adultery,  tho'  they  had  perform'd  Pennance, 
and  uere  reconciled  to  the  Church  ;    becaufe  the  Memory  of  it  al- 
ways remained  :  And  it  was  but  reafonable  to  think,  that  thofe  whofe 
Lives  were  without  Stain,    fhculd  be  chofen  before  thofe  that  had 
fallen.     So  that  by  the  ancient  Difcipline  of  the  Church,  all  thofe 
were  excluded  from  the  Clergy  wiio  had  been  under  Pennance  (d)^ 
Likewife  they  were  eftecmed  irregular,    and  excluded  from  Holy 
Orders  who  had  killed  any  Perfon  by  Accident  or  involuntarly,  or 
even  in  their  own  Defence  :  All  thoie  that  had  carried  Arms,  tho* 
in  a  jiift  War,  thofe  who  had  been  the  Caufe  of  putting  any  to  Death, 
tho'  a  Criminal,  and  that  either  as  Party,  Judge  or  Witnefs  (e),  for 
altho'  there  was  no  real  Crime  in  any  of  thefe  Things,    yet  there 
was  fomething  in  them  that  was  againft  that  Mercifulnefs  and  Com- 
panion  that  the  Church   requires  in  Church  Men  :    All  Bigamies 
were  likewife  declared  irregular,  and  thofe  guilty  of  them  excluded 
from  Holy  Orders  (f)  :  And  here  by  Bigamy  is  not  only  underftood 
the  Crime  of  having  two  Wives  at  one  Time,  but  fecond  Marriages, 
or  the  marrying  witli  a  Widow,  or  any  Woman  that  was  not  notarly 
reputed  as  a  Virgin,  all  fuch  Marriages  being  looked  upon  by  the 
Ciiurch  as  having  a  Stain  of  Incontinencv  and  Weaknefs  in  them. 
All  thofe  were  excluded  that  were  baptizea  when  fick  (^),  which  was 
a 

(«  F-tfr.  53.  J4,  35.  (t)  Dift-  77-  C»p.  i.  ««  Epift.  I.  Sirici  ad  Himcr.  Tarie.  C«p.  9.  (c)  Can.  Nicin.  9.  10.  Dift.  tjo. 
Cap.  i.  D>(t.  50.  C  )5.  ei  coo.  CtfUi.  IV.  C>  68.  (<<J  Pift.  }9.  C.  8.  cx  Miami  »uc  C.  ti.  (0  DA.ii.  (/)  Coocil,  Neocrfar. 
C.  11.  Dift.  J],    (j)  Ibid. 


Vol.  III.  The  Ltfe  6f  TETER  BISSAT. ior_ 

a  Cuftom  very  frequent  in  the  primitive  Church,  many  deferring X;;^;-^ 
their  Buptifm  to  the  laft,  that  tliey  might  enjov  their  carnal  Plea- '''>^^ 
fures  with  the  greater  Freedom,  and  they  called  thefe  Clinirks,  of 
Death-bed  Chriftians,  and  they  were  look'd  upon  by  the  Church  as 
botii  weak  in  Virtue  and  Faitii :  Tliofe  that  were  greatly. indebted 
or  engaged  in  Multiplicity  of  Affairs  were  excluded  (a),  becaufe,  a«; 
the  Apoftle  St.  P^«/ fays,  That  they  ought  not  to  be  entanM  ivith 
the  Matrs  of  this  Life  (b).  Ignorance  was  likewife  an  Obftacle  of 
Ordination,  but  different  Sorts  of  Knowledge  were  required  in  them, 
according  to  their  different  Stations  (f)  :  And  thefe  were  all  the 
Obf^acles  that  excluded  Laicks  from  bein^  Clergy  Men,  as  to  their 
Minds  and  Manners.  And  next  we  fhallgive  an  Account  of  thofe 
Obftaclcs  of  the  Body  and  Birth  that  exclude  Laicks  from  Holy, 

Orders. 

The  primitive  Chriflians  did  not  obferve  thole  mentioned  in  the 
old  Law,  but  looked  upon  them  as  Symbols  of  fpiritual  Failings  {d), 
and  only  noticed  thofe  that  rendred  them  incapable  of  exercifing 
their  Ecclefiaftick  Fun6tions  (f),    fuch  as  being  blind,  deaf,  dumb, 
or  havinfT  any  fuch  Deformity  about  them  as  may  creat  an  Averfion 
in  the  People  to  them  ;    as  for  Eunuchs,    they  were  not  excluded, 
providin'T  it  proceeded  not  from  their  own  Fault,  but  otherwife  (f), 
and  not  only  thofe  who  made  themfelves  fuch,  a  Cuflom  frequent 
in  the  primitive  Church,  but  likewife  all  thofe  who  mutilated  them- 
felves in  any  Member  of  their  Body  were  excluded  (g),  but  Madnefs, 
or  beinfT  poffeffed  by  the  Devil  rendred  them  for  ever  incapable  ot 
receiving  Holy  Orders.     Then  as  to  their  Birth,  all  thofe  who  were 
not  of  a  lawful  Marriage  were  excluded  (/;),  becaufe  how  innocent 
foever  they  might  be,    yet  the  feeing  of  them  brings  to  the  Mind 
the  Crime  of  the  Birth  :  Slaves,  Servants,  Children  and  Religious, 
without   the  Confent  of  their  Superior  were  excluded  (i),  Slaves 
and  Servants,  becaufe  of  the  Lofs  that  their  Mafters  might  fuftain 
in  taking  them  from  them ;    and  Children,  becaufe  of  their  A^e, 
and  that  tlie  diflferent  Ages  of  each  Station  are  regulated  by  the 
Canons  of  the  Church  ;  yet  Children  were  taken  and  brought  up  in 
the  Clerical  Life  (fe),  that  they  might  be  timely  and  early  formed  to 
that  virtuous  and  (\ria:  Way  of  Living,  which  is  fo  neceffary  to  be 
obfcrved  by  all  Church-men  :    And  thefe  are  the  Irregularities  or 
Reafons  afligned  by  the  Canon  Law  concerning  the  due  Admiflion 
of  Clergy-men  ;  Upon  which  our  Author  has  publifhed  a  learned 
Commentary,  publifKcd  with  his  Poems  and  Orations  at  Venice.  By 
a  Mi(\ake  in  Dernier,  this  Author  is  faid  to  have  flourifhed  in  the 
Year  1401,   whereas  it  ought  to  be  MDL.     And  this  is  all  that 
we  know  of  him,  but  that  it  is  faid,  that  he  died  towards  tlie  latter 
End  of  the  Year  1 5<58.     This  Gentleman  was  not  only  well  fecn  J^^^ 
in  tlie  Laws,  but  likewife  a  good  Poet,  an  excellent  Orator,  and  aa.,. 

iubtile  i'hilofopher.  „, 

C  c  The 

"  (.)  D.8.  5*.C.  ,.  ..  Onc.l.  C.h.  ..  C  i.  (t)  t  T.m.  C  1.  t.  ♦•  f')  ^'ft)*- <!'«■•'•  &'I"'';.,'"'';';\%*-,"  Conc.1. 
L.,cr  I,,  c  .7.  '*  I'"'-  O'P-  «-•  (')  D.ft.  JJ  C  .,.Cn.  Apo».  J«-  (  flCn.  N.""-X'v.fcL  Xl"  il".  Vjui 
0.rVlt  Aurcl.  III.  C.  «.    t»)  Dif».  St,  Ufb«.  .,  taOmcU.  CUrom.  C.  4-    W  DA  J4.    l»)  CoocU,  V.ffo*  XI.  C.  I.  T.I.* 


101  T7;r  Life  o/JOHN  HAMILTON,  Vol.  /If. 


P 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

Atricii  Biffarti  Opera  omnia,   viz.  Pocmata,  Orationes,  JMliona 
feriaUs,  ^  Lib.  de  Irregularitate,  Vcn.  in  ,\Jo,  i  '^6$. 


THE 


An.  1571. 


LIFEofjFOH7\r  HAMILTON,  Arch' 
Biihop  of  St.  Andrews. 


His  learned  Prelate  was  natural  Son  to  James 
p."ni'e''''  '  I  '  ^^^^  ^^  (*Arrany  and  born  in  the  Reign  of   King 


.nd  EduM-  ■  James  V.  He  had  his  Education  at  the  Univerfity 

oiClaJgow ;  where,  after  he  had  learned  tlie  Belles- 

Lettres  and  Philofophy,    he  went  over  to  Parisy 

and  ftudied  Theology  for  fome  Years  j  then  having  entred  into 
Holy  Orders,  he  returned  to  his  native  Country  through  Englandy 
accompanied  with  feveral  learned  Men,  who  were  all  of  them  kindly 
received  and  entertain'd  by  King  Henry  VIII.  He  was  made  Abbot 
HitPfef«t-of  Paijley  in  the  Year  1541.     And  upon  his  Arrival  in  Scotland,  he 

ciJurch.nd  furpriz'd  by  a  Stratagem  the  Caftle  of  Edinburgh,  for  the  Ufe  of 
his  Brother,  who  was  then  Governor  of  iycof/trw^,  for  which  Piece  of 
oood  Service,  he  was  made  Lord  Privy  Seal,  and  Bilhop  of  Dunkell 
in  the  Year  1 54.(5.  Not  long  after  this  he  was  made  Lord  High 
Treafurer  of  Scotland,  and  in  the  1 548,  he  was  preferred  to  rlie 
Arch-Bifhoprick  of  St.  aAndrews,  and  confirmed  by  Pope  Patd  the 
Third. 

He  had  no  fooner  attained  to  this  Dignity,  but  he  begun  to 
fhow  his  Zeal  againfl  the  Reformation,  and  having  caufed  appre- 
hend at  Winton  in  Eaft  Lothian,  (a)  one  v4dam  Wallace;  He  was 
brought  to  his  Tryal  in  the  Church  of  the  Black  Friars  in  Edinburgh, 
and  being  meftioned  of  ufurfin^  the  Ojjice  of  a  Preacher,  ha-ving  no 
lawful  Call  thereto,  of  Bapttz^ing  his  own  Children,  denying  Purga- 
tory, Prayers  to  the  Saints,  the  real  Prefence,  and  calling  the  Mafs 
an  Idolatrous  Service.  He  anfwered,  That  he  did  not  judge  himjelf 
worthy  of  the  Vocation  of  a  Preacher,  but  he  acknowledged,  that  in 
fome  private  Places  he  did  read  a  part  of  Scripture  at  Times,  and  made 
a  port  Exhortation  thereupon  to  thofe  that  would  hear  him,  that  he 
thought  it  was  as  lawful  for  him  to  baptiz^e  his  own  Child,  fince  he 
could  not  have  a  true  Minijler,  as  it  loas  to  Abraham  to  circumcife 
Ifmael  and  his  Family.  And  as  to  the  reft,  he  faid,  ^jat  he  never 
believed  nor  maintained  any  Thing,    but  what  he  found  in  the  Book 

hanging 

i*)  Spoiifwood'i  Hill.  Lib.  i.  Pig.  99.  &'; 


Vol.  III.  oArch-BiJhop  of  St.  Andrews.  jO? 

hanging  at  his  Girdle,    zvhich  was  the  Bible  in  French,    Diitcli  and  ^^-y^^ 
Englifh,  and  being  further  prejfed  to  give  his  Sentiments  concerntng^^^^'^^ 
the  Mafs,  he  [aid  that  he  had  read  the  Btble  in  three  Languages,  ami 
never  found  the  Word  Mafs  in  them  all,    but  that  the  Thin£  which 
zuas  in  greatef  Eftimation  amongji  Men,    zvas  an  ^Abomination  be- 
fore God.     He  likezuife  declined  the  Authority  of  the  Bifhops,  and  his 
other   fudges,  but  more  particularly  the  Governours,    for  he  doubted 
if  he  had  any  Knowledge  to  difcern  Lies  from  Truth,  and  the  Inven- 
tions of  Men  from  the  true  Worfhip  of  God.     For  all  wliich  he  was    h.  cm,, 
condemned  to  Death  by  Sir  John  Campbc/l  of  Lundy ]<i(iice-dtputt,tt7.hl'f:t 
and  accordingly  the  next  Day  he  was  burnt  alive.  Here"'''^'" 

The  fame  Year  being  1550,    there    arofe    a  great    Controverfy 
amongft  the  Clergy  at  St.  Andrews,  which  was  occasioned  thus. 

One  Richard  (^^Jarjhal  Prior  of  tUc  Black  Friars  Sii  New-caflle  in 
England,  had  been  in  St..  Andrews,    and  in  one  of  his  Sermons 
aftTrmed  that  tlie  Fater  mfler  or  the  Lord's  Prayer  fliould  be  faid 
to  God  only,  and  not  to  the  Saints,  fome  of  the  Dodfors  of  the 
Univerfity  calling  this  in  Queftion,  they  pitched  upon  a  Gray  Friar 
called  Friar  Tottis,  to  confute  his  Dodlrine,  and  to  prove  that  the 
Pater  mfler  might  be  faid  to  the  Saints,  which  he  very  confidently 
undertook  to  do,  and  taking  for  his  Text  the  5th  of  St.  Matthews 
Gofpel,    Blejjed  are  the  poor  in  Spirit,  for  unto  them  belongeth  the 
Kingdom  of  Heaven,  he  made  this  Inference,  that  the  Lord's  Prayer 
might  be  faid  to  the  Saints,  becaufe  faid  lie,    The  Petitions  of  the 
Prayer  belong  to  the  Saints,  for  if  we  meet  an  old  Man  in  the  Streets, 
VJe  will  fay  good  morroio  Father,    much  more  in  our  Prayers  zve  may 
call  the  Saints  our  Fathers,  and  feeing  we  grant  that  they  are  in  Hea- 
wn,    tve  may  fay  to  every  one   of   them,    Our  Father  which  art  in 
Heaven,      then  we  know  that  God  hath  made  their  Names  holy,  fo 
ive  may  fay  to  any  of  them.  Hallowed  be  thy   Name,     and  as  they 
are  in  the  Heavens,  fo  that  Kingdom   is  theirs  by  Pojjejjion,    there- 
fore when  we  pray  for  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven,    we  may  fay   to 
them.    Thy  Kingdom  come,     and  if  their  Will  had  not   been  the 
Will  of  God,  they  had  never  come  to  that  Kingdom,  therefore  zee  may 
fay.  Thy  Will  be  done,  fince  their  Will  is  God's  Will,  and  as  for  the 
refl  of  the  Petitions,    tho    they  cannot  give  us  our  daily  Bread,    nor 
forgive  us  our  Sins,  nor  Lead   us  into  Temptation,    nor  deliver  us 
from  all  Evil,    yet  they  can   Pray   to  God  that   he  may  do  thefe 
Things  for  us  :     So  he   concluded.    That  zve  might  fafely  addrefs 
this  Prayer  to  them.     This   ridiculous  Comment  upon   the  Lord's 
Prayer  offended  fome,    and  made  others  laugh  at  the  Folly  of  the 
Man,  but  was  ^o  refented  by  all,  that  he  became  a  laughing  StocJc 
amongfl  tliem,    and  the  Boys  upon  the  Street,  did  whenever  they 
faw  him,  call  him  Vim  Pater  noflcr,  h  that  he  was  obliged  to  re- 
tire from  the  City.     Yet  the  Dodlors  of  the  Univerfity  would  by  no 
Means  lofe  fuch   a  fair  Occafion  of  fhowing  their  Wit   in  fucn  an 
intricate  Queftion,    and  in  a  folemn  Meeting  it  Was  very  wamily 
debated,   fome  ofTlnning  diat  it  might  be  faid  to  God  Jvrmalitert 

C  c  2.  and 


104  The  Li/e  of  JOHN  HAMILTON,  Vol.  III. 

j^^i^^^  and  to  the  Saints  Materialiter,  others  tliat  it  miglit  be  faid  to  (joci 
w^/-w  Primipaliteri  and  to  the  Saints  minus  Principaliter,  others  that  it 
might  be  (aid  to  God  Vltimate,  and  to  the  Saints  nor)  V/ttMate, 
others  tliat  it  might  be  faid  to  God  Primarioy  and  to  the  Saints  non 
Primarioy  but  the  Diftin(5lion  which  pleafed  the  Generality  moH; 
was,  that  it  might  be  (aid  to  God  capiendo  Jlri^/e,  and  to  the  Saints 
capiendo  large.  The  Bilhop  our  Author,  who  was  a  Man  of  great 
Moderation,  could  not  prevail  with  them  to  let  this  ridiculous  Qi\c- 
llion  fall,  (b  he  was  obliged  to  remit  them  to  the  Provincial  Synod, 
which  was  to  meet  the  next  Year  at  EdmbHrgh.  A  (imple  Fellow, 
a  Servant  of  the  Sub-priors,  thinking  that  there  was  fomething  of 
very  great  Moment  among(t  tlie  Dodlors,  which  made  them  ineet 
fo  often  at  Night,  when  his  Mafter  was  going  to  Bed,  he  asked  him 
what  the  Matter  was  that  made  them  meet  fo  often  :  The  Sub- 
Prior  laughing  at  the  Fellow's  Curiofity ;  Tom,  (Tays  he,  for  that 
was  his  Name  )  We  cannot  agree  amongll  us  to  zohom  the  Pater  nofter 
fiiould  he  faid :  Sir,  fays  Tom,  To  whom  fhould  it  be  faid  but  unto 
Cod  ?  Then  fays  the  Sub-Prior,  What  fhali  we  do  with  the  Saints  1 
He  anfzuered,  Give  them  Aves  and  CredoV  enow  in  the  Devil's 
Name,  for  that  may  jerve  them. 

In  the  Month  of  January  the  next  Year,  the  Synod  having  met 
at  Edinburgh,  they  ordered  the  Sub-Prior  to  order  the  Do(5lors  to 
preach  to  the  People  that  the  Pater  nofier  ought  only  to  be  faid  to 
God,  but  that  the  People  ought  likewife  to  be  taugiu  that  the  Saints 
He  Dbiiihei^^'^^  ^°  ^^  invocated.     At  this  Synod  likewife  our  Prelate  prcfented 
•  citeciurin.  them  with  a  Cateciiifm,  containing  a  (hort  Explanation  of  the  Ten 
Commandments,  the  Belief  and  the  Lord's  Prayer;  which  the  Bifhops 
and  Synod  having  read  and  confidered,  they  not  only  approved  of 
the  faid  Cateciiifm,    but  likewife  ordered  all  Curats  to  read  a  Part 
thereof  every  Sunday  and  Holy  Day  to  the  People,  when  there  was 
no  Sermon.     And  here  I  cannot  but  take  notice   of  an  Afperfion 
which  Bilhop  Spot  if zvood,  and  our  other  Hiftorians  put  upon  this  Ca- 
techifm,  which  is  a  very  valuable  Book,  by  calling  it  the  Two  Penny 
Faith,  becaufe  it  was  fold  for  Twopence  :  But  the  Reafon  why  it 
was  fold  for  Twopence  proceeded  not  from  the  Meannefs  or  Con- 
temptiblenefs  of  tlieWork  J  for,  as  I  have  faid,  it  is  a  moft  learned 
Book,  and  a  large  O£lavo  ;  but  the  Bi(hop  having  printed  it  upon 
his  own  Expences,  he  allowed  thofe  whom  he  employed  to  diftri- 
bute  them  amongfl:  the  People,  to  take  Twopence  for  the  Trouble 
that  they  were  at. 

Mr.  Knox  having  framed  and  drawn  up  a  Form  of  Church  Policy, 
which  he  defired  to  be  ratified  by  the  Queen  and  Parliament  in  the 
Year  1 5(5o,  our  Prelate  having  read  it,  fent  one  John  Brand,  a  Monk 
of  Holy-Rood-Houfe  to  tell  Mr.  Knox  from  him,  That  albeit  he  had 
innovated  many  Things,  and  made  Reformation  of  the  Do6irine  of 
the  Church,  whereof  he  could  not  deny  but  there  was  fome  Reafon,  yet 
•o*Mrf&!."  f^e  fhould  do  wifely  to  retain  the  old  Policy,  which  had  been  the  Work 
of  many  ^ges,  or  then  put  a  better  in  its  Place^  which  his  new  Model 

was 


Vol.  J 1 1.  (t/lrch-BtJhop  of  St.  Andrews.  105 


zvas  far  from:    And  tell  him  likewife,    That  our  Highland  cypjen'j^'^-^ 
haqje  a  Cuflom  ivhen  they  break  young  Colts,  to  fafcn  them  by  the  -^*v^ 
Head  with  frong  Teat  hers,  one  of  zvhich  they  keep  very  faft,  till  the 
'BeaJI  be  throughly  made  :  TheAldtitudc.that  Bcajl  ivitli  many  He  ads  ^ 
TSQidd  y«/?  be  jo  dealt  zvith  :    Q^dr.  Knox,"    /  know^  tjlcemeth  me  an 
Enemy,  but  tell  him  from  me,  he  f:  all  find  it  true,. 

The  Kefoimation   prevailing  about  the  End  of  tlic  Month  of 
January  1 565,    our  Prelate  was  imprifoned  in  the  Caftle  of  Edin-  pnroncVfoi 
burgh  for  faving  and  hearing  Mafs,  but   fliortly  after  he  was  fct  at  bumt^e"' 
Liberty  by  tlie  Qiieen  ;    but  fhe  herfelf  being  overcome  by  her  re-^''""'" 
bellious  Subjcds  at  the  Battle  oiLandJide  upon  the  13th  of  ^^May 
}  568,  he  was  obliged  to  conceal  himfelf  amongft  his  Friends  in  the 
Weft  :  '^wr.  finding  that  they  were  making  a  ftrid:  Search  after  him, 
he  got  into  the  Caftle  oi  Dumbarton,  where  lie  was  kindly  received 
and  entertained  by  the  Governor  my  Lord  Fleeming,  a  faithful  Ser- 
vant of  the  Qiieens :  But  tliat  Caftle  being  furprized  by  the  Qiieen's 
Enemies,  our  Arch-Bifliop  was  fent  Prifoner  to  Stirling,  wiiere,  upon ;,  ,„y,.^j  ^^ 
the  5th  oi ^prili'yli,  he  was  indi(5led  of  Hieh  Trealon,  the  Heads  ^"■^'"-' 

ri    •       T       l•r^'  °  fon.tnd com- 

er his  Indictment  were,  m.nded  to 

1.  That  he  knew,,  and  was  Participarrd  or  Accomplice  in  the  '''*°*"** 
murdering  of  King  Henry  the  Queen's  Husband. 

2.  Tliat  he  confjpired  againft  the  King's  Perfon  at  the  murderin*? 
of  the  firft  Regent,  intencfing  to  have  furprized  the  Caftle  of  Stir- 
ling, and  to  have  been  Mafter  thereof  at  his  Plcafure. 

3.  That  he  knew,  or  was  Participand  of  the  Murder  oi  James 
Earl  of  <^Murray,  the  late  Regent. 

4.  That  he  lay  in  wait  at  the  Wood  of  Calendar,  for  the  Slaugh- 
ter of  Matthczv  Earl  of  Lennox,  the  prefent  Regent. 

Being  called  to  the  Bar,  before  the  Indidtment  was  read  (a),  he 
moved  that  he  might  be  proceeded  againft  in  the  ordinary  Form, 
and  to  have  a  longer  Time  allowed  him  to  prepare  his  Defences ; 
but  they  would  allow  him  no  Time :  And  having  denied  all  that 
was  laid  to  his  Charge,  they  condemned  him  to  be  hanged,  upon 
a  Sentence  of  Forfaultry  that  had  been  pronounced  againft  him,  in 
one  of  tile  Regent  Murray's  Parliaments,  and  that  very  Night  he 
was  hanged  upon  a  Tree,  on  which  they  affixed  the  two  following .n"cw^ 
Lines  for  an  Epitaph  ;  ^"' 

Crejce  diu  felix  arbor,  femperque  wireto 
Frondibus,    ut  nobis  talta  poma  feras. 

But  a  Friend  of  the  Biftiop's  in  Anfwer  to  this,  caufed  place  upon 
the  fame  Tree  tliefe  two  Lines, 

Jnfelix  pereas  arbor  Phlegetontis  in  undis, 
yitque  prior  tecum  carminis  atdtor  eat. 

And  about  a  Year  after  this,  the  Author  of  thefe  Lines  being 
difcovercd,  he  was  taken  by  fome  of  the  Queen's  Friends,    and 

D  d  hanged 

(»)  \ii.  Diumfuy'i  ti4(s>.  fit  Sfotb  «4  lUL, 


jo6  The  Life  o/JQHN  HAMILTON, Vol.  Iff. 

/"^^"•^^   handed  upon  die  lame  Tree  (a)^  wit!i  the  following  Lines  for  iiis 
v^-««w   Epuapli, 

Crevit  ut  optahas  ramis  felicilf^s  {irhor 
Et  frtiilttm  mhis^    te  generhntque  tulit. 

Arch-Biniop  Spotfivood  fliys,  That  our  Prelate  zvas  the  Jirjl  BiJIjop 
that  fnfcrcd  ty  Form  of  lnjlice  in  this  Kingdom  ;  he  xoas  a  c^an 
of  great  jl^ion,  vjife  ana  not  unlearned,  but  in  Life  Jornewhat  dtj- 
(olute  :  His  Death,  efpecial/y  for  the  Manner  of  it,  dtd  greatly  incenj'e 
bis  Friends,  arid  zcas  dtjliked.  of  diqjers,  zvho  wijhed  a  greater  Refpeft 
to  have  been  carried  to  his  yige  and  Place  ;  but  the  Sujpicion  of  his 
Cniltinefs  in  the  Murders  oj  the  King  and  Regent,  made  him  of  the 
common  Sort  lejsregr ate d.  Befidcsall  this  laic!  to  his  Charge  by  Bifhop 
Spotfvood,  he  is  accuCed  by  Buchannan  oF Cruelty,  of  having  con- 
fulted  a  Magician  for  his  Health,  and  of"  grofs  Ignorance.  Now 
how  far  our  Hiftoriansare  to  blame  in  accufing  him  of  thefe  Things, 
will  appear  to  the  impartial  Reader  from  the  Confideration  of  a 
few  Things,  that  I  fhall  offer  in  the  Vindication  of"  the  Memory  of 
this  great  Man. 
Hi.  Memo.  /}^/?  then,  As  to  the  Lewdnefs  and  Diffolutenefs  of  his  Life,  k 
^orihe'Af- cannot  be  denied,  but  that  in  his  Youth  he  had  a  Son  by  oneMiftiis 
i^!Z°J^"  Semple,  a  Gentlewoman  of  great  BeaiJty  and  Brightnefs  of  Parts; 
but  if  ic  be  true  that  he  married  her  in  the  Heat  of  his  Youth,  be- 
fore he  entred  into  Orders,  and  that  he  was  obliged  to  conceal  it, 
the  Crime  was  pardonable,  if  it  was  a  Crime  :  And  for  the  Proba- 
bility of  this,  the  Bifhop's  Friends  urge  the  i8th  Article  of  the 
Treaty  at  Perth  three  Years  after  her  Death,  wherein  the  Bifhop  is 
vindicated,  and  his  Son  reftored  to  the  Lands  and  Poffedions  tiiac 
belonged  to  tiie  BifKop ;  which  by  the  Law  could  not  have  been 
done,^  had  he  been  a  Baflard.  The  Words  of  the  Treaty  are  as 
follows  (b). 

Article  1 8th,  That  the  Heirs  and  Succejjors  of  Perfons  forfeited, 
properly  comprehended  under  this  Pacification,  and  now  departed  this 
Life,  (hall  he  rejlored,  and  made  lawful  to  enter  by  Brieves  to  their 
Lands  and  Tcfejfions,  not  with fianding  of  the  Forfeitures  laid  again fl 
their  Fathers  or  Predecejj'ors,  and  as  giff  they  had  died  at  our  Sove- 
reign Lord's  Faith  and  Peace,  and  jpec tally  o^fjohn  u4rch-Bifiop  of 
St.  Andrews,  Gavin  Comwendator  of  Kilwinning,  Andrew  Hanulton 
of  Lochnot,  John  Hamilton  his  Son,  and  Captain  James  Cullayne, 
And  that  the  Bifhop's  Son  was  reflored  to  his  Lands  witliout  the  leaft 
Objedlion  as  to  his  Baftardy,  we  learn  from  an  avowed  Enemy  to 
the  Houfe of  Hamilton,  (c)  but  fuppofing  and  granting  that  the 
Bifhop  had  made  this  Slip  in  his  Youth,  it  is  not  a  fufficient  Ground 
to  ftain  the  whole  Courfe  of  his  after  Life  with. 

idly.  As  to  his  being  Guilty  of  the  King's  Murder  and  the  Re- 
gent's,  it  is  acknowledged  by  all,    that  he  had  not  any  Hand  or 

Knowledge 

(j)  MS.  Hift.  o»  the  Arch  bilhop  of  St.  Andrewi,  pcnM  in«.      (Ji)  Vid.  Criwfnil.  Mem.  ad  An.  1573.  Pag.  »>l.    CO  ^"'1* 
^mici't  Stiggciing  State  of  the  SfU  Stale*  Mea, 


Vol  III.  <iArch-BiJhop  of  St.  Andrews.  "  ^ 

Knowledge  in  the  King's  Murder,  but  fome  fay,  that  he  aclcnow- ^>^^-^ 
lodged  {A  that  as  to  the  Murder  of  the  Earl  of  Afe^^r^y,  That  he^^^<^ 
not  o^lykmw  thereof  and  would  mt  fop  it,  bitt  rather  furthered 
the  Deed  thereof  whilk  fays  he,  /  heartily  repent,  and  ask  wy  God 
Mercy  for  the  Jame.  But  if  there  were  any  Truth  in  this,  is  it  to  be 
thought,  but  that  his  Judges  would  have  condemned  him  for  it' 
but  on  the  contrary,  its  acknowledged  by  all,  that  he  was  neither 
condemned  upon  thjs  Account,  nor  upon  any  of  the  Articles  thac 
were  laid  to  his  Charge,  but  upon  the  Account  of  an  Adl  of  For- 
faultry  that  had  been  laid  againft  him  in  one  of  M^rr^y's  Parlia- 
ments. And  as  for  the  King's  Murder,  there  was  but  one  Witnefs 
brought  againft  him,  a  perjured  mercenary  Prieft  called  Tliomas 
Rokrtfon,  wiio  affirmed,  That  one  John  Hamilton  alias  black  John 
(  at  that  Time  the  BiOiop's  Servant  ;  Jentfor  him  when  he  was  a  dl 
tng,  and  amongft  many  other  Crimes,  confejjed,  that  by  his  Maflers 
Order,  he  was  prefent  at  the  Murder  of  the  King.  But  to  this  we 
cannot  give  a  better  Reply,  than  what  the  Bifhop  himfelf  made  to 
the  Judges,  r/;f  Vrief,  fays  he,  Sinneth  deadly  to  lie  upon  me,  who 
knoweth  nothing  of  that  Matter,  and  windeth  'not  that  it  is  a  Sin  to 
reveal  Confejjion. 

Thirdly,  As  to  his  Cruelty,  whatever  was  done  againft  the  Pro- 
tefi^ts  in  his  Time,  was  by  Gavin  Hamilton  Abbot  oi' /Ctlzuinninf 
who  in  the  Year  1551  (b)  being  then  about  ^o  Years  old  was 
made  Adminiftrator  tn  Temporaltbus  ^  Spiritualibus  of  tiie  Diocefs 
of  St.  Andrews,  with  a  Penfion  of  400  Pound  Scots,  being  Coadjutor 
cum  futura  fuccejjtone,  and  the  violent  Proceedings  of  this  Abbot 
were  taken  for  the  Bifhops,  whereas  on  the  contrary,  the  Bifhop  was 
a  Perfon  of  great  Moderation,  and  much  againft  the  violent  Mea- 
fures  that  were  taken  at  that  Time  by  both  Parties,  as  it  appears 
from  his  Advice  to  Mr.  Knox,  and  his  Catechifm,  wherein  he  ex- 
preflcs  his  Sentiments  with  a  great  deal  of  Moderation  and  Chri- 
stian Charity. 

^thly,  As  to  his  confulting  of  a  c^agician  for  the  Recovery  of 
his  Health,  diis  Magician,  or  ratiier  Mathematician,  was  the  famous 
Hieronymus  Cardanus,  or  Jerom  Cardan,  of  whofe  Adventures,  as 
wrote  by  himfelf,  we  fhall  give  a  brief  Account,  fince  they  clearly 
vindicate  our  Prelate  from  this  Afperfion,  Jerom  Cardan  was  born 
in  Italy  ^t  Milan  (c),  upon  the  ift  o(  Oifober  1508,  and  he  tells 
us  that  his  Mother  wlio  was  a  Whore,  had  taken  feveral  Remedies 
tocaufe  her  abort  whilft  fhe  was  with  Child  of  him  :  But  that  not- 
withftandinc  of  all  her  Endeavours,  and  that  he  was  brought  from 
the  Womb  Dy  a  manual  Operation,  yet  he  was  lively  and  vigorous, 
and  was  brought  fortii  witii  long;  Hair  upon  his  Head,  his  Father 
who  was  a  Lawyer  took  care  ot  his  Education  ;  and  havin^  applyed 
himfelf  to  die  Mathematicks  and  Medicine,  he  became  fo  famous' 
for  his  Knowledge  in  them  both,  and  in  all  the  reft  of  the  Sciences, 
diat  there  was  liardly  an  Univerfity  in  Italy,  in  which  he  was  not 
^ D  d  2,  ProfefTor  . 

(*)  C/iwfd.  Mtm.  tad  SpoiC  ubi  fup f».    {h)  Di.  Jtmlfsni  NoKi  Hr«o  Spot.  Hlft.  MS.    {')  D*  »'«•  P'op. 


J^^  rhe  Lije  0/  JOHN  HAMILTON,  Vol-  ul 

I  —       t  ■      ■  ■ «  ,  ^ 

f^-'^'^^    Piorcdbr  :  And  by  liis  Writings,  he  made  himfclf  Co  famous  tliron^Ij 
tK^    all  Europe,  tliat  he  was  jiiftly  cdecmed  the  Miracle  and  I'rodr^y  of 
iiis  At;c  lor  Learning.  It  was  no  Wonder  then  that  onr  Trclate  ha- 
vin"  tieard  of  this  famous  Phyfician,    and  labouring    under  a  trou- 
blcfome  Difcafe,  fliould  have  confulted  him,  fincemofl  of  the  Prin- 
ces and  i',reat  Men  in  Europe  confulted  him;    but  how   this  Affair 
was  trankided,    we  learn  Irom  G/r^rt«  himfelf,  who  tells  us,  (a) 
Thiit  the  Bijhop  being  attacked  with  an  Afthma,  it  at  length  came  to  be 
Jo  periodical,  tin  enjery  8  ^Day  it  came  on  him  fo  violently,   that  for 
the  jpace  of  l\  Ehurs  he  had  no  Relief,    and  for  this  he  had  conful- 
ted the  rhsfui.ins  of  the  Emperor  Charles  V,    and  Henry   King  of 
France,  but  found  no  Relief,  at  length  hearing  of  me  he  wrote  for  me, 
and  for  the  defraying  of  my  Expenjes  from  Mihn  to  Lyons,    he  cau- 
fed  to  be  tranfmi'ttcd  to  me  by   his  Fhyfician   200  Crowns  of  Gold. 
Tnen  he  tells  us,    that  he  begun   his  Journey  for  Scotland  in  the 
155Z,  upon  the  8th  of  the  Calends  of  March,    and  that  when  he 
came  to  L)ons,  he  met  WiUiam  Cafanatus  the  Arch-Bi(hop's  Tiiyfi- 
cian,  who  brought  him  300  Crowns  of  Gold  for  his  Pocket  Money, 
all  his  other  Expenfes  in  his  Journey  to  Scotland    being  defrayed 
upon  the  Arch-Bifhop'o  Charges,  having  arrived  fafely  in  Scotland^ 
he  found  the  Arch-Bifhop  of  Sr.  <iAndrews  at  his  own  Palace,  where 
in  a  lliort  Time  he   recovered  him  of  his  ayifihma,    and   returned 
a"ain  to  Italy,    the  Arch-Bilhop  having  rewarded  him    at  parting 
wuh  400  Crowns  of  Gold,  and  double  tlie  Value  of  that  Money 
in  Chains  of  Gold,  Medals  and  jrfecious  Stones,  and  this  is  all  the 
Magick  that  was  ufed  in  recovering  of  our  Prelat  to   his  former 
State  of  Health. 

But  it  may  be  objecfled,  that  the  Arch-Bifliop  ought  not  to  liave 
employed  fuch  a  Man  as  Cardan  confelTes  himfelf  to  have  been, 
for  he  fays,  T7jat  he  had  a  Dxmon  that  told  him  what  was  to'hap- 
pen,  that  he  was  much  given  to  Judicial  Aftrology,  that  he  was  re- 
vengeful and  fo  pafTionate.  that  he  cut  the  Ear  out  of  one  of  his 
Children's  Head,  and  would  have  frequently  beat  them  both  with- 
out any  Reafon,  that  he  was  Invidious,  a  Traytor,  a  Sorcerer,  a 
Murderer,  a  Calumniator,  a  Bofom  Enemy,  abandoned  to  Luxury 
and  all  the  moft  execrable  Villanies  and  Lufls  that  can  be  imagi- 
ned. And  that  we  may  not  doubt  of  the  Truth  of  this  Character 
which  he  giveth  of  himfelf,  he  tells  us,  that  he  knew  not  what  ic 
was  to  lie. 

In  Anfwer  to  this  in  the  firft  Place,  it  is  certain  that  Cardan  had 
not  then  wrote  his  Life,  wherein  he  gives  this  Characffer  of  himfelf, 
and  it  is  not  to  be  doubted,  but  that  when  he  wrote  his  Life,  he  was 
polTeffed  with  a  Spirit  of  Madnefs,  otherwife  he  had  not  taken  fo 
much  Pains  to  expofe  to  the  Publick,  what  others  that  have  the  leaft 
Degree  of  Reafon  would  carefully  conceal ;  and  it  was  well  known 
to  all  the  learned  Men  that  had  any  Acquaintance  with  him,  that 
he  had  his  Fits  of  Folly,  wherein  he  aded  like  a  mad  Man  and  rea- 

fiin'd 

_^  i_^w^--i— n-m 1 r— n 1— ir^ ,^^ , — ^ ^^.^a^— ■ 

I*)  Dc  f«.  prop,  r*£.  18. 


Vol.  III.  ylrch-BiPiop  of  St.  Andrews.  1O9 


ibn'd  like  an  Idiot,  and  at  other  Times  in  his  Adtions  and  Rea^o-ii^^'V'^ 
nings  he  appear'd  above  the  Reach  ot  Mankind,  and  never  was^-^v^w 
there  a  Man  that  had  Co  good  an  Opinion  of  his  Parts,  and  va- 
lued himfclt  To  much  upon  them  as  Cardan  had.  We  hanje  been 
(fays  he,  fpeaking  of  iiimfeif)  the  admiration  of  many  NationSy 
(a)  an  infinite  Number  of  Things  have  been  written  in  Praife  of  me 
loth  in  Profe  and  Verfe,  (b)  I  was  born  to  deliver  the  World  from 
an  Infinity  of  Errors,  what  we  have  invented  could  not  be  found  out 
by  any  of  our  <iAge,  or  by  any  in  the  Ages  that  preceeded  us,  luhere- 
fore  they  zuho  write  any  Thing  to  be  recorded  in  the  Memories  of  Men, 
are  not^  afiamed  to  acknoiuledge  that  they  owe  tt  to  us.  (c  ).  J  have 
wrote  a  Book  of  Logick,  wherein  there  is  not  Jo  much  as  one  Letter 
Juperfuous  or  wanting,  which  I  did  in  feven  Days,  which  feems  a 
Prodigy,  and  hardly  can  there  be  found  one  that  is  capable  td  under- 
jland  it  in  a  Tear,  in  one  Word  fays  he  (  d),  my  Nature  is  placed 
betzvixt  the  Confines  of  humane  Sub  fiances  and  immortal  Beings,  Na- 
tura  mea  in  extremitate  liumanx  fubftantx  conditionifque,  et  in 
confinio  immortalium  pofita. 

zdly,  Tho'  Cardan  in  many  of  his  Writings,  fays  that  h^  had  a 
familiar  Da;mon  chat  inflrucfled  him  in  future  Events,  that  was 
compofed  of  Venus,  Mercury  and  Saturn,  and  that  lie  ere(5led  the 
Horofcopes  of  many  learned  Men,  and  amongft  the  reft,  of  our 
Arch-Biftiop,  if  we  may  believe  a  late  Hiftorian  (  e  ),  yet  what  he 
fays  of  his  D&mon  is  lo  foolifli  and  ridiculous,  that  no  Man  can 
read  it  without  laughing  at  it,  and  he  himfelf  in  one  of  his  Works 
[f)  plainly  confeHes  that  lie  had  no  D&mon,  Ego  certe  (  fays  he  j 
nullum  Di&monem  aut  Gcnium  adejfe  cognofcd,  and  the  only  Senfe  cari 
be  made  of  it,  is  what  Gabriel  Naud^us  fays  of  it,  tiiat  it  was  (g) 
hisWatchings,  Studies  and  Experience  in  the  World^and  altho'  he 
was  very  good  at  Judicial  Aftrology,  yet  in  tiie  eredling^of  the  Ho- 
rofcopes of  Edward  the  VI.  King  of  England,  John  Baptifia  his 
Son,  and  Emar  Ranconet,  he  was  fo  vaftly  miftaken,  that  they  were 
the  quite  contrary  of  what  he  predi<5led,  for  his  Son  was  hanged, 
Ranconet  died  a  violent  Death,  and  Edward  was  cut  off  in  the  Flower 
of  his  Age,  fo  tliat  we  have  very  good  Reafon  to  think  that  it  was 
neitiicr  Cardans  Dscmon,  nor  his  Skill  in  Horofcopes  that  moved 
our  Bifhop  to  fend  for  him  :  But  his  Skill  in  Phyhck,  as  we  have 
faid,  tho'  indeed,  if  we  confider  the  Multitude  of  his  Writings,  which 
are  in  ten  Volumes  in  Folio,  and  the  Variety  of  the  Subjedfs,  he  may 
be  juftly  called  the  Miracle  of  his  Age. 

The  laft  Thing  laid  to  our  Author's  Charge,  is  his  grofs  Igno- 
rance, but  tliis  is  fucli  a  palpaple  Calumny,  that  none  that  ever 
lead  his  Carechifm  can  be  guilty  of  harbouring  fuch  a  Thought, 
for  it  is  wrote  with  fuch  Learning,  Moderation  and  Judgment,  mat 
it  will  be  always  cfteemed  by  the  learned  of  his  own  Communion^ 
the  two  following  Copies  of  Verfes  are  prefixed  to  it. 

E  e  f^*^ 


{»)  Ord.  Lib.  VU.  <lf  iM.  «.fi«.  c. .  41.    (*)  Ibid.  &  !)•    (')  D«  liW.  prop,    (i)  Ibid,     ('7  ^*"*1  Hift.  J*  AstL 
Tool.  I.    (/;!>«  'ir.  »fi«i-  C.  ;)■    (i;  Aj>«l.  Cuo.  Horn,  rtd,  k  judkl  Cttid 


no  The  Life  0/ JOHN  HAMILTON^ Vol.  HI- 


A\.y\^^ 


Hie  Iticr  efl  Jctcer^  divini  dogmata  'verbi 
^Ji^'  Con  1 1  net,  tpfe  vius  noite  dtecfue  Ugas, 

Jiic  dtfcas  Cimjtum,  pater  hunc  ttbi  miftt  ut  ejjtt 

Jttpcix,  (^  njitA  regula  certa  tUA. 
Htc  tibi  tot  lucent  flellA,  tot  fidera  fulgent 

Hiwd  fecHS  ac  fi  fit  gemmea  tota  Jomus^ 
Hunc  tti  viperea  caveas  percellere  lingua, 

Neque  Theonino  rodere  dente  njelis 
Laudatur  mertto  multis  mi  maxima  pr/iftat 

Commoda,  fed  detur  gloria  tota  Deo. 

The  other  is  by  himfelf, 

Totius  le^is  {fateor  )  -volumen 
Continet  jltmmi  documenta  patris, 
Non  njacat  ennuis  tamen  immorari 

Sedulo  cartis. 
^liticquid  humanA  liber  hie  faluti 
Efl  oportunnm  tenet,  ergo  qaifquis 
Vult  fide  Chriflum  colere,  audtat,  vel 

Difeat  ad  ungnem. 
Confulas  £qtii,  pie  Lector,  atme 
Candide,  noflrum  precor  ut  lahorem 
Qm  tibi  monfrat  breviter  tenenda 

Peilore  firmo. 

Arch-BifKop  Spotfwood  fays,    That   this  Catechifm  was  called  in 

Derifton  by  the  Vulgar,  the  Two  Penny  faith  {a),  becaufe  each  Copy 

teas  bought  for  Tivopence  :     But  the  Truth  of  tliis  Story  is,  that  our 

worthy  Prelate  caufed  print  it  upon  his  own  Expences,    it  being  a 

large  S'yo  in  the  black  Letter,  wliich  he  gave  to  the  Pedlers,  who 

went  thro'  the  Country  to  diftribute  it  amongft  the  Country  People, 

and  to  encourage  them  to  this,  he  allowed  them  to  take  Twopence 

for  each  Book  :  And  this  charitable  and  Chriftian  Acftion  met  with 

Co  unworthy  a  Return.     And  from  what  we  have  faid,    its  evident, 

That  this  Prelate  was  a  wife,    learned  and  devout  Church-man,  a 

loyal,  adive  and  faithful  Subjedl,  and  the  Death  that  he  fufFered  is 

an  eternal  Reproach  on  the  Memories  of  thofe  who  had  a  Hand 

in  it;  who,  tho'  they  had  no  Regard  to  his  great  Age,  yet  ought  to 

have  fhown  fome  for  the  facred  Charader  that  ne  bore,    if  any 

Thing  that  is  Sacred  had  been  efteemcd  by  them. 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 


1 


THE  Catechifm,    that  is  to  fay,  ^ne  Common  and  Catholick 
Infiru6iion  of  the  Chrtftian  Religion  in  Matters   of  our 
Catholick  Faith  and  Religioun,   quhilk  na  gud  Chrifitan  jV/I'W  or 

ff'omaa 


{m)  Vid,  i^o\S,  ad  Ao.  j};i. 


Vol.  III.  (t/drch-BiJhof  of  St.  Andrews.  HI 

Woman  jut  d  misknazv.     Set  fur  th  by  the  maifi  Reverend  Father  in^;:;;^^ 
God,  John  yirch-BiJho^  of    St.  Andrews,     Legat  nait  and  Pri-^^K^ 
mat  of  the  lOrk  of  Scotland,    in  his  Provinctal  Comfal  haldin  at 
Edinburgh  the  l6th  Day  0/ January,  the  Tear  of  our  Lord  1551, 
vjith  the  jid'vice  and  Counfal  of  the  Bifhchoppis   and  uthcr  Pre- 
latis,  with  T)oiiours  of  TToeolone  and  Cannon  Law  of  the  faid 
Realm  ©/"Scotland,  prefent  for  the  Time.     Printit  at  St.  Andrews 
lie  the  Command  and  Expenfts  of  the  maijl  Reverend  Father  in 
God,  John  Arch-Bifjop  of  St.  Andrews,  and  Prima t  of  the  hail 
Ktrk  of  Scothnd,  the  29  jDrfj  0/ Aguft,    the  Zeir  oj  our  Lord 
1551,  in  8vo. 
II.  Rationcs  cur  Regina  Scotiac  non  debertt  fe  fidei  Elizabeths  An- 

flicanae  committere  :  ■  Anonymus  Gallice  Scriptor  de  eyHartyrio 
Farias  Stuartae  ReginA  Scotoruni,    inquit  Dempfterus.    Capita 
Vijjertationis  ipfe  recenjet.,  quibus  nihil  doiiius  atit  argutius. 


THE 

LIFE  of  JOHN  I{  NOX  the  Reformer. 

OHN  IC  no  Xwsis  born  at  Gifford  near  Haddington  in 

the  County  or  Shire  of  Eaji-Lothian,  in  tlie  Year  of  out 

Lord  1505.     His  Father  was  not  a  Brother's  Son  of  the 

HouCg  ot  Rartfarlie,  as  Mr.  David  Buchannan  has  told  us  in 

the  Life  (a)  of  Mr.  ICnox%  but  the  Son  of  a  poor  Country 

Man  (/>),  as  we  are  informed  by  thofe  who  knew  him  very 

well:  His  Parents,  tho' in  a  mean  Condition,  put  their  Sou 

to  the  Grammar-Scliool  of  Haddington ;    where,  after  he 

had  learned  his  Grammar,    he  ferved  for  fome  Time  the  Laird  o£ 

Langniddrie's  Cliildren,  who  being  fent  by  their  Parents  to  the  Uni- 

verhty  o(  St.  Andrews,    he  thereby  had  Occafion   of  learning  his 

Philofophy,  andof  receiving  the  Degree  of  Mr.  of  Arts,  under  theic 

Mafter,  the  famous  Mr.  John  Mair,    whofe  Life  you  have  in  the 

fecond  Volume  of  this  Work  (c).  Having  learned  his  Philofophy,  he 

began  to  apply  himfelf  to  Theology,  out  falling  acquainted  witli 

Mr.  George  Wtfheart,    and  being  naturally  inquifitive,    he  learned 

from  him  the  Principles  of  the  Proreftants,  which  he  was  fo  pleafed 

with,    that  he  renounced  the  Romifh    Religion,   "^nd  becam\^  a 

very  2ealous  Proteftant  :    About  this  Time  Cardinal  Beaton  being, 

murdered  at  St.  Andrews,    he  joined  the  Murderers,  and  at  theif 

Perfwafion  took  upon  him,  becaufe  of  his  extraordinary  Gifts,  the 

Office  of  die  Priefthood,  and  was  ordained  after  a  very  extraordinary 

Manner,  without  Impofition  of  H arid s,    but' at  the  Defire  o(  jfohri, 

Rough,   before  a  frnall  Congregation,    who  afTented  to  the  Call : 

E  e  2  Buc 


(«)  till  Hi>.  till  PoL  Uic    {})  Dr.  Himilloo,  Dr.  fidUit,  «Bd  tuoj  9(bct>.    (r)  Uw  V>f' 


Ill  The  Ltfe  o/JOHN  KNOX  the  Reformer.  Vol.  JII_ 

'^^^    But  we  fhall  give  the  whole  Account  of  this  Affair  from  Mr.  Knox  % 


ijji- 


wv^  own  Words.  "  At  the  Eafter  (Tays  h.e;  j^mq  1 547,  came  to  the 
"  CafHc  of  St.  uindrews  (a)  John  Knox.,  who  weaned  of  removing 
"  from  Place  to  Place,  by  Realbn  of  the  Perfcciition  that  came  upon 
"  him  by  the  Bifhop  of  St.  Andrews,  was  determined  to  have  left 
♦'  Scotland,  and  to  have  vifired  the  Schools  oiGermanj  (o( England 
"  then  he  had  no  Pleafure,  by  reafon,  that  although  the  Pope's 
"  Name  was  ruppred'ed,  yet  his  Laws  and  Corruptions  remained  in 
"  full  Vigour)  but  becaufe  he  had  the  Care  of  fome  Gentlemens 
"  Children,  whom  certain  Years  he  had  nourilhed  in  Godlinefs  their 
"  Fathers  folicited  him  to  go  to  Si.  Andrews,  that  himfclf  might 
"  have  the  Benefit  of  tiie  Caftle,  and  their  Children  of  his  Docffrine : 
"  And  fo  (we  fayj  came  he  the  Time  aforefaid  to  the  faid  Place. 
"  And  having  in  his  Company  Francis  Douglas  of  Lan^niddrie, 
"  George  his  JBrother,  and  Alexander  Cockhtrn,  eldeft  Son  to  the 
"  then  Laird  of  Ormijlon,  began  to  exercife  them  after  his  accufto- 
"  med  Manner  ;  befides  the  Grammar,  and  otlier  Books  of  human 
"  Learing,  he  read  unto  them  a  Catechifm,  Account  whereof  he 
*'  caufed  them  give  publickly  in  the  Parifh  Church  of  St.  Andrews  ; 
"  lie  read  moreover  to  tiiem  thcGofpel  of  fohn,  proceeding  where 
"  he  left  at  his  Departure  from  Langniddry,  where  before  his  Re- 
"  fidence  was,  and  that  Ledure  he  read  in  the  Chappel  within  the 
"  Caftle  at  a  certain  Hour :  They  of  the  Place,  but  efpecially  Mr. 
"  Henry  Balneves  and  John  Rough  Preacher,  pe'rceiving  the  Manner 
"  of  iiis  Do<5lrine,  began  earneflly  to  travel  with  him,  that  he  would 
"  take  the  Fundion  of  a  Preacher  upon  him  ;  but  he  lefufcd 
*'  alledging.  That  he  would  not  run  where  God  had  not  called  him 
"  meaning.  That  he  would  do  nothing  without  a  lawful  Vocation! 
"  Whereupon  they  privily  amongfl  themfelves  advifing,  havino  with 
"  them  in  Council  Sir  David  Lindjay  of  the  (^Mount,  they  con- 
"  eluded  that  tiiey  would  give  a  Charge  to  tiie  faid  John,  and  that 
"  publickly  by  the  Adouth  of  the  Preacher ;  and  fo  upon  a  certain 
"  Day  a  Sermon  of  the  Eleiflion  of  Miniflers,  what  Power  the  Con- 
"  gregation  (how  fmall  foever  that  it  was,  pafling  the  Number  of 
"  two  or  three)  had  above  any  Man,  namely  in  the  Time  of  Need 
"  as  that  was,  in  whom  they  fuppofed  and  efpied  the  G\hs  of  God 
"  to  be,  and  how  dangerous  it  was  to  refufe,  and  not  to  hear  the 
"  Voice  of  fuch  as  defire  to  be  inflru(5led.  Thefe  and  other  Heads 
"  (v>'t  fay)  declared  the  faid  John  Rough  Preacher,  direcfted  by  his 
"  Words  to  the  faid  John  Knox,  faying.  Brother,  you  Jhali  not  be 
"  offended,  albeit  that  Jfpeak  unto  you  that  which  I  have  in  Charge, 
"  tvenjrom  all  thoje  that  are  here  Prefent,  which  is  this  ;  h  the 
«  Name  of  God,  and  of  his  Son  fefus  Chriji,  and  in  the  Name  of 
"  theje  that  prefently  caU  you  by  my  Mouth,  I  charge  you  that  \m 
"  rejufe  not  this  Holy  Vocation,  but  as  ye  tender  the  Glory  of  God 
«  thelncreafe  ofChrifs  Kingdom,  the  Edification  of  your  Brethren 
"  and  the  Comfort  of  me,   whom  ye  underfiand  well  enough  to  be 

oppreffed 


9m  own,  Petiie  aod  C«ldcrwood  l  Hifloiiti.  "<.»ur«  oi  Mr.  Jkaox  <  ui^,  btUite 


Vol.  J II.  The  Life  0/  JO H N  KNOX  the  Beforwtr  n^ 

"  oppre;'e^  h  the  Multitude  of  Labours,  that  ye  take  upon  joh  thc'^^^ 
"  piiUick  Ojfce  and  Charge  of  Preaching,    even  as  yc  look  to  anjotd^^"^ 
"  Cod's   heaojy  T>tjplcajure,  and  defire   that  he  fJwuld  multiply   his 
*'  Grace  upon  yoti.     And  in  tlie  End  he  faid  to  tliofe  that  were  pre- 
*'  fenr,  H^as  not  this  your  Charge  to  me,    and  do  not  you  approve  of 
"  this  Vocation  ?     They  anfwered,    It  is,  and  xve  approve   of  it. 
«  Whereat  the  faid  Mr.  yo/;«abalhed,  burft  forth  in  nioft  abundanc 
"  Tears,  and  withdrew  liimfelf  to  his  Chamber,    liis  Countenance 
"  and  Behaviour  from  that  Dav  till  the  Day  that  he  was  compelled 
"  to  prefent  himfelf  to  the  publiclc  Place  of  preaching,  did  fuffici- 
"  entlv  declare  the  Grief  and  Trouble  of  his  Heart ;  for  no  Man 
"  (aw  any  Sign  of  Mirth  of  him,  neither  yet  had  he  Pleafure  to  ac- 
"  company  any  Man  for  many  Days  together. 

Many  fevere  Reflexions  micht  be  made  on  this  ridiculous  Ac- 
count of  his  Ordination  ;  but  that  which  is  obvious  to  all  Men,"  is, 
Tiiat  the  Hcly  Ghoft  was  not  the  leafl:  concerned  in  it.     After  this 
he  gives  us  an  Account  ot  a  Debate  betwixt  him  and  Dean  John ^"b^'ot^^ 
oAman,  and  of  a  Sermon  that  he  preached  upon  the  14th  and  25di  i""'h"t 
Yerfes  of  the  7th  Chapter  of  Daniel,  wherein  he  made  it  his  Bufi-  chuK|,'of 
nefs  to  prove,  that  the  Church  of  Rome  was  the  Beafl:  fpoken  of  in^'""' 
the  Revelation,  and  the  Whore  of  Babylon,  who  makes  merchandife 
of  the  Souls  of  Q^Men.     This  Sermon  being  preached  before  a  Num- 
ber of  the  Members  of  the  Univerfity,    who  out  of  Curiofity  came 
to  hear  him,  they  met  after  Sermon  with  the  Clergy,  and  he  being 
called  before  them,    was  accufed  for  having  faid  in  his  Sermon,  f".*^'r^^^ 
I.  That  no  mortal  Man  can  be  the  Head  of  Chrifl's  Church.  2.  That  "'"'''• 
the  Pope  is  Antichrift.     3.  That  no  Alteration  ou^ht  or  can  be  made 
in  Religion.     4.  Tiiat  the  Sacrament  ought  to  6e  adminiftrated  in 
Loth  kinds.     5.  That  the  Mafs  is  abominable  Idolatry,  blafphemdus 
to  the  Death  of  Jefus  Chrift.  and  a  Profanation  of  the  Lord's  Sup- 
per.    6.  That   there   is   no  Purgatory.     7.  That    praying   for   the 
Dead  is  vain,    and  to  the  Dead,  is  Idolatry.     8.  That  the  Birtiops 
that  preach  by  Subftitutcs  are  no  Bifhops.     9.  Tiiat  by  the  Law  of 
God,  tiie  Tithes  do  not  neceflarly  belong  to  the  Church.     Mr.  Knox 
being  queftioned,  as  we  have  faid,  upon  thefe  AtticleSj  a  hot  Dis- 
pute enfued  betwixt  him  and  the  Clergy,  the  Sublhnce  of  which  is 
in  his  Hidory,  fromPag.78,  to  Pag.  81.     The  Clergy  taking  to  their 
Confideration  what  further  fhould  be  done  for  putting  a  Stop  to 
thefe  new  Dodrines,  as  they  called  them,  it  was  refolved  amongft 
them,  that  they  fhould  be  afliduous  in  preaching  to  the  People:  In 
the  mean  Time  a  clofs  Siege  being  laid  to  the  Caftle,    and  Mr. 
Knox  perceiving  that  there  were  no  Hopes  of  their  being  relieved 
from  England,  ne  took  the  Occafion,  as  often  as  he  preached  to 
them,  to  tell  them  of  their  approaching  Danger  in  being  delivered 
up  to  the  Hands  of  their  Enemies,    for  which  he  was  efteemed  a 
Prophet.     Tlie  Caftle  of  St.  Andrews  being  obliged  to  furrender  to 
the  French  who  befieged  liicm  (for  thev  Would  not  capitulate  with 
the  Govcinour)  upon  the  laft  Day  of  July  the  Murderers  and  their 

F  £  Aflbciate* 


J  14  The  Life  o/JOHN  KNOX  the  Reformer.  Vol.  \\\. 

'v/^"'^  Adosiates  were  comiiiitted  to  the  Gallics,  and  carried  to  Irartct, 
J^^  where,  amongll  the  reft,  our  Author  rtay'd  all  that  Winter :  And 
p,"'J!i  '.n'he  tells  us  (rt\  that  wlulft  he  was  aboard  of  the  dailies^  he  wrote 
Inj  allied  a  Con  cdion  oF  his  Faith,  which  he  lent  to  his  Friends  and  Followcr< 
.ofMrnv.  -j^  Scotland  :  Being  fet  at  Liberty  in  the  Beginning  of  the  next  Year, 
L"lri'/'!njlie  came  to  Scotland;  but  finding  that  the  I'apids  were  much  fupe- 
«'7"V°  ,  rior  in  Number  to  thole  that  favoured  the  Relormation,  and  fearint' 

SccHana,  ami  I  "     1  r~'\  I  I  I  \ 

^"'e  uIj"^'^  ^'^'^  "^^^  ^  Hands  ot  the  Clergy,  he  went  to  England  in  the 
Year  154.8.  The  Froteftant  Religion  being  then  ciUiblifhed  in 
England  by  King  Edward  VI.  and  here  he  continued  during  all  that 
Prince's  Reign,  preaching  fometimes  at  Berwick^  (ometimes  at 
JSlezucafle,  and  fometimes  at  London,  and  became  fo  famous,  that 
lie  had  the  Honour  of  preaching  (everal  Times  before  his  Majefty; 
but  that  Prince  dying  in  the  Year  1553,  and  Queen  Mary  luccccd- 
InfT  to  him,  who  reeftabliflied  Popery,  he  returned  again  to  Scot- 
-z^inZLt-  i^rid,  and  coming  to  Edinburgh.,  he  preached  privately  to  thofe 
ih"nce  hT  wlio  were  Favourers  of  the  Reformation,-  in  the  Houfe  of  one  John 
fr"n^>"/° Stm,  who  had  renounced  the  Rornijh  Religion:  Being  on  Night 
called  to  fup  in  the  Laird  of  Duns  Houle,  where  young  Lithington 
was  likewile,  he  and  Lithington  had  a  Difpute  concerning  the  Law- 
fulnefs  of  hearing  Mafs,  which  he  gives  us  an  Account  of  in  his 
Hiftory,  Pag.iQO.  But  finding  that  the  Clergy  were  fearciiing  for 
him,  he  went  over  to  Frankfort.,  whither  a  great  many  Protcuants 
had  fled  out  of  England,  under  the  Perlecution  of  Queen  c^ary. 
Mr.  Knox  arriving  there  about  the  Beginning  of  the  Year  1554,  he 
found  that  they  had  eftabliHied  amongfl:  them  the  Englifh  Liturgy 
as  it  was  in  the  Reign  of  King  Edward,  which  he  oppofed  with  all 
his  Might ;  upon  which  fuch  hot  Debates  and  Animofities  arofe 
aiftongft  them,  diat  he  had  almoft  ruined  that  Congregation,  as 
appears  from  the  Hiftory  of  the  Troubles  at  Frankfort  (I/).  At  laft 
thefe  poor  perfecuted  Proteftants  fupplicated  the  Magiftrates,  that 
tliey  would  banifh  him  from  their  City,  as  a  Firebrand  and  an  In- 
cendiary, which  he  being  afraid  of,  returned  again  to  Scotland,  ha- 
j»"i"/«rving  ftayed  for  a  Time  with  Calvin  at  Geneva. 

At  his  Arrival  in  Scotland,  he  was  very  well  received  by  theLaird 
of  Dun,  the  Laird  of  Bar,  Robert  Camplell  of  Kmgclugh,  Ochiltrie 
and  Gathgirth  ;  the  Earl  of  Glencairn,  the  Lord  Erskin,  the  Lord 
Lorn,  and  the  Prior  of  St.  Andrews,  afterwards  Earl  of  Q^urray  : 
And  by  the  Perfwafion  of  the  Earl  of  Glencairn,  he  wrote  his  Letter 
to  the  Qiieen  Dowager,  which  that  Earl  delivered  to  her  out  of  his 
own  Hand,  thinking  thereby  to  perfwade  her  to  favour  the  Refor- 
mation of  the  Church ;  but  the  Queen  having  read  it,  delivered  it 
to  the  Bifhop  of  Glafgow,  faying  to  him,  (J^  Lord,  will  you  be 
f  leafed  to  read  a  Pafquil :  Which  coming  to  Mr.  Knox's  Ears,  he 
added  feveral  Things  to  it  with  horrid  Coniminations  and  Threat- 
nings  of  the  Wrath  of  God  againft  her. 

Some 

(«)  P>K.  8k    (1)  Printed  il  Ediobuigb,  in  i6a». 


Vol.  II I.  The  Life  of  JOHN  KNOX  the  Reformer.  JT^ 

Some  of  tlie  Englifh  Congregation  at Franckforty  whom  Mr.  iCnox';^^'^^ 
bad  diirwacled  from  making  u(c  of  the  Englifh  Liturgy,  havin"  fct-^^v^ 
lied  at  Geneva,  they  wrote  a  Letter  to  Mr.  Knox,    fhowing  that  they 
had  m:ide  choice  of  him  to  be  their  Minilter,  andearnehly  entrea- 
ted t  at  he  would  come  to  them  with   all  Expedition,    this  Letter 
Ah-.  Knox  read  out  of  Pulpit  to  his  Congregation,  and  he  tells  (a) 
I'hat  the  fait hul  at  Edinburgh  Juffered  little   lefs  Calamities  for  his 
departing,    than  did  the  faithful  in  the  Cofpel  after  the  Perfection 
of  St.  Stephen,    however,    he  comforted  them  with  a  Promife  of  re- 
turning to  them  as  foon  as  they  Jhould  think  fit  to  recall  him.     So  ta- 
king his  leave  of  them,    he  firft  fcnt  over  before  him  his  Mother  "*g«A^."^ 
in  Law  Eliz^abeth  Bowes,  and  his  Wife  Marjory  to  T)teb  in  FrancCy 
and  not  long  after  he  followed  them  himfelf. 

He  was  no  fooner  gone,   but  the  Clergy  fummon'd  him  to  ap- 
pear before  them  at  Edinburgh,    and  upon  his  not  apppearincr  he 
\vas  Burnt  in  Effigie  at  the  Crofs  of  Edinburgh  \n  the  Month  of  7«- Effigi  ""lilj 
/y  1555,  which  he  was  no  fooner  advertifed  of,  but  he  wrote  andeil*. 
printed  at  Geneva  an  ^appellation  ( as  he  calls  it  )    to  the  Nobility 
and  Commons  of  Scotland  in  his  own  Vindication.  In  the  Year  i  ^^S 
he  publifhed  his  Book  called.  The  firfi  Blaji  of  the  Trumpet  againjt 
the  monflrous  Government  of  Women,    wherein   he  endeavours  to 
prove  the  Royal  Authority  of]  Women  to  be  inconfiflent  with  the 
Laws  of  Nature,   contrary  to  the  Determinations  of  the  Civilians 
and  Canonifts,    and  contrary  to  the  Law  of  God,    for  fays  he,    // 
the  Scriptures  will  not  allow  that  a  Woman  Jhould  fpeak  in  the  Con- 
gregation, it  is  not  to  be  thought  that  they  allow  or  admit  of  a  Female 
uidminifiration  of  the  Jupreme  Government,  that  the  Jnconveniencies 
which  truly  follow  upon  Juch  a  monfirous  Practice  are  many  and  un- 
Jupportable.     The  main  Scope  and  Defign  of  this  Book  was  to  raife 
a  Rebellion  in  England  and  Scotland,  who  were  then  governed  by 
two  Queens  :  But  bavin"  in  it  compared  the  Emperor  to  A'fro,  and 
Mary  Queen  of  England  to  Jezjabel,  this  being  reprefented  to  the 
Syndicks  of  Geneva,  he  was  obliged  to  fly  to  'Diep.    The  Lords  of 
the  Congregation  about  this  Time,    very  fortunately  for  him,  fent 
him  a  Call  to  come  Home  for  a  fecond  Time,    for  they  had  fenc 
one  to  him  in  the  Year  1556,  and  he  had  come  the  length  ofDiep 
in  Order  to  return  to  them,  but  there  he  met  with  two  Letters  dif- 
charging  him  to  come  over,  which  he  took  fo  ill,  that  he  wrote  a 
very  angry  Letter  which  he  has  inferred   in  his  Hiflory,    however 
he  was  oblii;ed  to  return  to  Geneva,  and  upon   this  fecond  Call 
^vlHch  was  delivered  to  him  in  the  Month  of  Nevember  1558,    he 
was  obliged  to  return  to  Scotland,  to  fave  himfelf  from  an  Accufa* 
tioii  of  high  Treafon  which  was  intented  againfl  him.     Another f"*r'f'h^ 
Tiling  which  he  was  very  hopeful  would  contribute  to  his  Advan-^'***'"' 
tagc,  was  tlie  Death  of  Mary  Qpeen  of  England,  which  happened 
at  tliis  Time,   and  feverals  of  his  Congregation  returning  to  Eng' 
land  f   he  doubted  not  but  to  find  a  favourable  Reception  from 

F  f  1  Queen 


iji)  ^t/  I'M  Hi&.  f*(«  107. 


li6  The  Life  of  }0 HN  KNOX  the  Reformer.  Vol.  Iff. 

^^^•^^•^  Qiicen  EliZjf^l^tflh  vvliowas  a  Proteftaht,  and  refolved  to  rc-cftahlifTt 
y^^s/^  the  Proteftant  Religion  in  England^  but  he  wa';  mightily  deceived^ 
for  his  Book  being  as  much  acainfl  iier  Title  to  the  Cfotvn,  as* 
againft  her  PredecelTors,  thou;  who  addrelfed  her  Secretary  Mr. 
Cecil  in  his  Behalf,  for  obtaining  a  Pafs  to  him  through  En^liind 
to  his  own  Country  were  maltreated  ;  whereupon  Mr.  Knox  wrote 
a  Letter  to  the  Secretary,  complaining  of  this  hard  Treatment  that 
his  Friends  met  with,  whereas  he  was  only  Guilty  if  there  was  any 
Guilt  in  the  Ca(e,  for  he  could  not  endure  to  retradt  anv  Thing 
he  had  advanced  in  his  Book,  and  therefore  he  rells  the  Secretary, 
that  he  doubted  no  more  of  the  Truth  of  his  Proportion,  than  he 
did  that  it  was  rlie  Voice  of  God,  which  firft  did  pronounce  this 
Penalty  againfl  Women,  Jn  Dolour  fmlt  thoa  bear  thy  Children. 
But  Mr.  Knox  being  afraid  that  tliis  would  neither  fatisfy  the  Queen 
nor  her  Secretary,  he  falls  upon  that  wonderful  Contrivance  of  the 
He  iitu providential  Right,  which  was  fo  ferviceable  toDo(5lori5'/;fr/of)t  and 
•Ithep.ovT-leveral  other  eminent  Divines  of  the  Church  ot  England,  to  jufti- 
Rightof  (y  their  Proceedings  at  the  Revolution,  which  was  hrft  taken  notice 
'"^''  of,  by  the  eminently  learned  Mr.  Sage,  in  his  Fundamental  Charter 
of  Presbytry,  and  how  juft  he  has  been  to  Mi.  Knox,  will  appear 
from  Mr.  Knox  his  own  Words  in  the  above  cited  Letter,  dated  at 
Diet)  upon  the  lOth  oi'  ^pril  1559,  ^'^ich  he  has  inferred  in  his 
Hiftory  (a)  If  any  c^an  think  me  (  fays  he  )  either  an  Enemy  to 
the  Perfon,  or  to  the  Regiment  of  her  vjhom  God  hath  now  promoted^ 
they  are  utterly  deceived  in  me,  for  the  miraculous  Work  of  God,  com- 
forting his  ajjIicJed  by  an  infrm  Vejjel,  J  do  acknowledge,  and  will 
obey  the  Power  of  his  mo  ft  potent  Hand  {raifing  up  whom  befl'plea- 
feth  his  Alajejly  to  fupprejs  fuch  as  fight  agatnfl  his  Glory  )  albeit 
that  both  Nature  and  God's  mofi  verfe6i  Ordinance,  repugn  to  fuch 
Regiment,  more  plainly  to  [peak,  if^lueen  Elizabeth  fhall  confefs  that 
the  extraordinary  ^ifpenfation  of  God's  great  Mercy  makes  that 
lawful  unto  her,  zuhich  both  Nature  and  God's  Law  do  deny  unto  all 
Women,  then  fhall  none  in  England  be  ?nore  willing  to  maintain  her 
lawful  Authority  than  I  pall  be,  but  if  [God's  wondrous  Work  Jet  afide) 
fhe  ground,  as  God  forbid,  the  Jufinefs  of  her  Title  upon  Confuetude, 
Laws  and  Ordinances  of  c^en,  then  J  am  ajjured  that  as  fuch  foo- 
Ufh  Prefumption  doth  highly  offend  God's  fupreme  Madefy,  Jo  I 
greatly  fear  her,  that  her  Ingratitude  pall  not  long  lake  Punip- 
ment. 

But  Secretary  Cecil  returning  no  Anfwer  to  this  Letter,  Mr.  Knox 
if>i»t\fi.  embarked  in  a  Ship  bound  (01  Scotland,  where  he  fafely  arrived  upon 
thejdDav  o(  May  1550,  having  ftay'd  only  two  Days  at  Edinburgh 
(b),  and  hearing  that  tlie  Minifters  were  lummoned  by  the  Queen 
Regent  to  appear  before  her,  to  give  an  Account  of  their  feditious 
Pradlices,  he  went  ftraight  to  Dundee  to  join  them,  and  from  tiience 
he  came  to  St.  Johnfioun,  where  the  Reformers  or  the  Lords  of 
the  Congregation  were  then  lying,    and  having  preached  to  them 


(«)  Page  118.  i.>b.  j.    (t)  Ktiux'iHia.  Lib.  z.  Pag.  15;. 


Vol.  ill.  rhe  Life  of  ]OHN  KNOX  the  Reformer.  uy 

a  vcliement  Sermon  as  lie  calls  ir,   agajiiil  Idolatry  and  the  Moiiu-'n^v-^ 
mcnts  o(  JJolutrj,  iiieaning  tlie  oyMonaJleries,  yjltars,    Images  and^^>^ 
Crucifixes  and  other  Ornaments  of  the  PopifJj  Churches.'     The  nexc 
Day  which  was  the    zith  of  May^    the   Mob  fell  upon  the  Pricfts 
and  Monafteries  with  fucii  Fury,   that  in  two  Days  Time  they  left 
nothing  but  the  \yalls  of  the  Gray  and  Black  Friars ;  but  that  which 
is  moft  to   be  lamented,    was  the  deftroying  of  the  Charter-Honfe, 
which  was  one  ot  the  moft  coflly  and  magnificent  Buildin^rs  in  the 
Kingdom,  where  likewife  was  a  very  flately  Tomb,    ereded  to  tho 
Memory  of  King  James  I.  who  founded  that  Monaflery,    yet  not- 
wirhftanding  of  all  this,    the  Qiieen  Regent  was  willing  to  capitu- 
late with  them,  and  to  grant  them  the  tree  Exercife  o\  their  llcli-' 
gion,    providing  they  would  lay    down   their  Arms,    and  become 
peaceable  Subje(fts;  and  Mr  Knox  tells  us  (a),  Tfjat  Arf^yle  and   He  put. . 
the  Prior  of  St.  Andrews,     their  tico  chief  Leaders,    and  afthe  r(/?r"«'bc* 
of  them  begun   to  demur  al)out  it,    till  he  put  a  Stop  to  it,  by  tel/ing'o^'Utc. 
them,  that  f}]e  zi-as  not  to  be  trufled,  for  it  was  one  of  the  ^ArticlestTuTti'^^ 
of  her  Faith,  that  fhe  zvas  bound  to  keep  no  Promife  ivith  Hereticks.';^'^"^'^''^ 
/iter  this,  the  Lords  ot   the  Congregation  having  removed  to  St. 
dyjlndrezis,  and  tearing  fome  Tumult  might  rife  upon  Mr  Knox  his 
rrcaching,  they  earneltly  entreated  him  to  defift,  but  by  no  Means 
would  he  be  perfwaded  to  do  it  :  So  going  to  the  Pulpit,    and  ta- 
king for  his  Text  the  ilth  Verfe  of  the  iift  Chapter  o(  Matthezu, 
concerning  Chrifl's  cafling  out  the  Buyers  and  Sellers  out  of  his  Tem- 
ple,   he    eiicourac;ed  the  Mob    to    imitate   their    Brethren    at   Sv 
fohnftonn,     which    rhey    did  with    all    Expedition,      the    Mapi-  ."*  '"""''• 

'i  -11  li'iio  b      '"=   Mob  |(C 

Itrates  concurring   witli   them,    plundering  and  deftroyincr  all  tlie^'-  '<"''"«"i 
Religious   Houfcs   diere.     The   Queen   Regent   finding  that  they^"*"^"'" 
were  ftill  turning  more  and  more  infolent,    flie  refolved   to  fight ""^." 
tliem,  and  accordingly  both  Armies  met  for  that  End  at  Coupar- 
moor,  but  by  the  McJiation  of"  the  Duke  of  Chattleheratdt,  and  Mon- 
frcur  Tfof,el  on  the  Queen  Regent's  part,    and  Archibald  Earl  of 
Arzyle,  and  tlie  Prior  of  'bt.  aylndreivs  on  the  Congregations  parr, 
a  CcHacion  of  Arms  was  concluded  and  fubfcribed  "upon  the  ijth 
Day  of  June,  yet  notwithftanding  of  this,  the  Mob  burnt  the  Abba- 
cy and  Palace  o(  Scoon. 

Mr.  JCnox  returning  to  Edinburgh,  wrote  a   Letter  to  Secretary 
Cecil  (b):  and  another  inclofed  within  it  to  Qiicen  £//,5:,<7/ifr/;,  both*  L^itr^'i 
dated  at  Edinburgh  the  i8th  Da^  of  July,   that  to  Secretary  Cecil,^"t  .^' 
was  to  exhort  iiim  to  join  with  tnc  Congregation,    for  he  and  the,^/'iI,"hi7o»; 
Laird  of  Grange  in  a  Meeting  at  St.  Andreivs,  after  they  had  come ^"*'"'"'"' 
Irom  Coupar-moor,  agreed,    That  the  moft  proper  Way  to  engage 
tile  Queen  of  England  to  their  fide,  was  to  urge  the  Danger  of  tne 
JrcncVs  conquering  England  as  well  as  Scotland,    and  therefore  in 
this  Letter  he  only  hints  at  this  Contrivance  of  his  own,    leaving 
the  full  Detail  of  the  Matter  to  a  Letter  fent  at  the  Tame  Time  to 
the  Secretary  by  tiic  Lords  of  the  Congregation,    and  complains, 

G  g  that 

'    ' -'    '■  '         —  "   ■ — ' • —    '  II         II  " 

\j»j  ibiJ  )'<K<  1411.     (i)  ^(  liK  HUt.  Lib,  ].  f'f.  lit,  19  r<|.  Jiy, 


lid  The  Life  6/"  JOHN   KNOX  ihe  Reformer. Vol.  Iff. 

r^'^^^'^  that  alchou'^h  lie  had  by  diveric  Letters  required  a  f  Jccnfc  to  vifir 
'-«"V*0  Ills  Friends 'ill  the  Norcii  of  £«^AiW(^,  yet  he  could  never  obtain  a 
favourable  An(Wer.  In  his  Letter  to  the  Q_ueen,  he  infilK  upon 
lier  Providential  Right,  for  by  no  Means  would  he  retradtwhat  he 
had  wrote  a'^ainft  her  Rii^ht,  and  that  of  his  own  (liieen.  I  cannot 
deny  (  (avs  ite  )  the  ivrittng  of  n  Book  again Jl  the,tijiir\)ei'l  yfnthority 
and  un^tift  Regiment  of  Women,  neither  yet  am  I  minded  to  rectnt 
or  call  La  k  any  principal  Point  or  Proportion  of  the  fame,  till  Truth 
and  Verity  do  further  appear.  To  thefe  Letters  the  Secretary  re- 
turned an  Anfwer  with  Alexander  White  law,  who  had  been  (ent  with 
them,  in  that  to  tlie  Lords  of  the  Congregation,  he  infixed  only  upon 
Generals,  fo  that  they  knew  not  what  to  make  ot  it,  but  his  Anlwcr 
to  Mr.  JCnox  was  as  follows. 

Mr.  Knox, 
Thesteit.     ]\Jon  efl  mafculus  neque  foemina,  omnes  enim  ut  ait  Paulus  unum 
fwer.        fumus  in  Chrijlo  Jefu,  l/enedicltis  vir  qui  confdtt  in  domino  (^  erit 
dominus  fidncta  ejus. 

"  T  Have  received  your  Letters  at  the  fame  Time  that  I  thought 
'•  JL  to  have  (een  your  felf  at  Stamford,  what  is  now  hitherto  the 
*'  Caufe  of  your  Letter  I  know  not ;  I  forbear  to  defcend  to  the 
'*  Bottom  of  Things,  till  I  may  confer  with  fuch  an  one  as  ye  are  : 
"  And  therefore  it  your  Chance  fhall  be  hereafter  to  come  hither, 
"  I  wifli  you  furniOied  with  good  Credit  and  Power  to  make  good 
"  Refolution.  Although  my  Anfwer  to  the  Lords  of  the  Congre- 
"  gation  be  fomewhat  obfcure,  but  upon  further  Undcrfta?uling  ye 
"  Ihall  find  the  Matter  plain.  I  need  to  wifh  you  no  more  Prudence 
"  than  God's  Grace,  whereof  God  fend  you  plenty,  and  fo  I  end. 

From  Oxford  the  l8th  Tours  as  a  Member  of  the 

of  fuly,  1559.  fame  Body  in  Chrift, 

c^/r.  CECIL 

Mr.  K10X  tells  us,  that  he  was  at  Berwick  when   he  received 
thefe  Letters,    upon  which    he   immediately   returned  to  Stirling, 
where  rhe  Lords  of  the  Congregation  were,    but  they  having  the 
Secretary's  Letter  read  to  them,  and  finding  nothing  but  fuch  general 
Things,  as  that  they  could  make  nothing  of,  they  defpairecT  of  ha- 
ving Succefs  with  him  ;    and  all  that  our  zealous  Author  could  ob- 
tain from  them,  was  a  Liberty  to  do  in  it  as  he  thought  fir.     Upon 
this  Mr.  Knox  wrote  another  Lerter  to  Cecil,  wherein  he  acquainted 
him  of  their  fmall  Number,  which  was  then  but  five  hundred,  and 
alTures  him,  That  unlefs  Money  he  furnifhed  without  delay  to  pay  the 
Soldiers  for  their  paji  Ser'vice,    and  to  retain  another  thouf^nd  Foot- 
men, with  three  hundred  Horjemen,  thefe  Gentlemen  would  be  forced 
to  leave  the  Fields,  but  that  he  could  affure  him,  As  Flefh  may  he 
Flejh,  that  they  would  take  a  very  hard  Life  before  that  ever  they 
zvotild  Jtibmit  to  the  Queen  Regent;  and  Ukewife  tells  him,  T^}at  is 

not 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  o/"  J O  H  N  K  N O X  r/;f  Reformer.  i  j 9 

not  knoivn  what  good  Will  Mr.  Whitelaw,  the  Laird  0/  Grange  and';^^-^ 
he  do  kar  to  tngland  :    And  he  concludes  with  aflunng  liim,  that^^'^ 
he  heard  with  h'ls  Ears  Buttcn  Court  fay,     Tlmt  they  would  haz^ard 
the  Crown  of  France  in  the  Caufe  ;  and  J  can  ajjure  you,  fays  he,  that 
tinlcfs  h  us  they  thought  to  make  an  Entry  to  you,  that  they  would  not 
iuy  oitr  Po'verty  at  that  Price. 

Upon  the  receiving  of  this  Letter,  Secretary  Cecil  remitted  a  Sum    Tiie  grMt 
of  Monev  to  them  with  Mr.  Henry  Balneves,    which  enabled  them^."»''.n'Z 
to  oppofe  the  Queen  Regent  more  than  ever,  and  all  the  Religious  f.^"«or.d 
Houfes  were  burnt  and  pulled  down  ;  for  by  Mr.  Knoxs  Treachinos^iiJ  **" 
in  Perth  Shire  and  Fife,  not  only  thofe  of  Perth,  Scoon  and  ^x..  An- 
drews., as  we  have  faid,  were  demolifhed  [a),  but  likewife  thofe  of 
Creil,  aAnfiruther,  Pitenweem,  Cowpar,  the  noble  Abbacy  of  Cam- 
huskenncth  near  to  the  Town  oi  Stirling,  and  marching  to  LinlithaoWy 
they  dcftroyed  and  broke  down  all  the  Religious  Houfes  and  Altars 
tiiat  were  there  :    Tiie  like  they  did  at  Edinburgh,   and  in  all  the 
other  Parts  of  the  Kingdom,  fo  that  the  whole  Nacion  was  laid  de- 
folate  and  in  Rubbifh  :    But  Mr.  Knox  not  beins;  fatisfied  with  this, 
he  writes  a  Letter  to  thofe  of  the  Weft  (b),  upbraiding  them  with 
their  Slownefs  in  the  Work  of  the  Lord,  as  he  calls  it,    and  not 
haftenin"  to  join  the  Englifh  Forces  under  the  Command  of  the 
Duke  otNorthfolk. 

The  Queen  Regent  having  taken  Foffenion  of  the  Town  of 
Edinburgh,  it  was  thought  fit  by  the  Lords  of  the  Congregation, 
that  Mr.  Knox  fhould  be  removed  from  Edinburgh,  and  Mx'^Wtllox 
be  lett  in  his  Place  ;  who,  tho'  he  was  as  violent  as  Mr.  Knox,  yet 
he  had  not  offended  the  Queen  Regent  fo  much  ;  but  at  length  the 
Lords  of  the  Congregation  becoming  iVibre  powerful  than  the  Queen  ,h""f^fin| 
Regent,  they  depofed  her  ;  but  that  they  might  not  feem  to  do  it^^J:;.^"*' 
out  of  Spite  or  Malice,  they  asked  the  Advice  of  their  Teachers, 
Mr.  Willox  And  our  Author,  who  both  of  them  gave  tlieir  Opinion 
for  depriving  her  of  her  Authority  :  And  Mr.  Knox  having  approved 
of  all  that  his  Brother  Mr.  WtUox  had  faid,  added  (c),  Firfi,  That 
the  Inicjuity  of  the  '§jieen  Regent  and  Diforder,  ought  in  no  v)ays  to 
withdraw,  neither  our  Hearts,  nor  yet  the  Hearts  of  other  Snb)eds 
from  the  Obedience  due  unto  our  Sovereign,  idly,  That  if  they  de- 
fofed  the  faid  Qjteen  Regent,  rather  of  (^Malice  and  privdte  £nvyy 
than  for  the  Prejervation  of  the  Common-Wealth,  and  for"  that  her 
Sins,  at) feared  incurable,  that  they  fhould  not  efcape  God's  juf  Punifh- 
mtnt,  however  that  fhe  had  deferved  Rejection  from  Honours.  And 
Ladly,  He  reo^uired  that  no  fuch  Sent  end  fhould  be  pronounced  againfl 
ifir,  but  that  upon  known  and  open  Repentance,  and  t-pon  her  Conver- 
fion  to  the  Common-Wealth,  and  Submijjion  to  the  Nobility,  place 
Jhould  he  granted  unto  her  of  Regrefs  to  the  fame  Honours,  from  the 
which,  for  jufi  Caufes  fhe  juflly  might  be  deprived 

Not  long  after  this,  tlie  Queen  Regent  having  got  the  Advantage 
over  the  Lords  of  the  Congregation'^    they  were  mightily  dejedled 

G  g  I  and 

t*)  ifoiL  Lik. }.  p.  iiv  CO  p.  „,,  U)  lik ).  tVifi^  Co  Ub.  1.  r.  i;^  " 


120  The  Life  o/JOHN  KNOX  the  Reformer.  Vol.  Iff. 

''^^^^^    and  di(coiiraL;eJ,  till  our  Author  raifed  up  their  Hearts  hy  a  con- 

J\'/^"    (olarory  Seimoii,    preached  to  them  at   Stirling   upon   the  ytli  of 

Novewlicr,  taking  tor  his  Text  the  5.  <5,  7,  and  8th  Vcrfes  of  the 

^O  J'iiihn,  the  SuMance  of  wliich  Sermon  is  inferred  in  Ins  Hiflory, 

from  Pfl(r.  106,  till  Pag.  li  i.     But  the  next  Year  i5<5o,  the  Lords 

of  the  Coni^regation  having  brought  a  ftrong  Army  from  England 

to  aHlrt  them,  and  the  Queen  Regent  dyin^  of  Grief,  they  prevailed 

every  where  ;  and  our  Author  Mr.  /(720X  being  eftablifhed  jMiniflcr 

"V"m'"'of'at  Edinburgh,    he  drew  up  a  Form  of  Church  Difciplinc  upon  the 

^w"!  ^'^' Geneva  Model,  which  he  prefented  to  the  States  of  Parliament,  to 

>a'eabV«hebe  ratified  and  approved  by  them;    but  they  did  not  think  fit  to 

s'l'^^ofp"- approve  of  ir,  but  to  pleale  Mr.  Knox,  who  was  daily  complaining 

in  his  Sermons  that  there  were  ftill  remaining  feveral  Religious  Houfes 

Heproc.es,,,  ^\-^q  Kinndom,  they  pad  an  A(fl:  for  demolifhing  all  Cloyfters  and 

an  A£i   of  1    '-'      1  1     -■  1111  r'         »  «         t^  1         i 

r.ri,.m<Tr   Abbav  Churches  that  were  not  yet  pulled  down  :  1-or  Mr.  Knox  had 

ins  cTL'h  told  them  plainly  in  one  of  his  Sermons,  that  it  was  a  Duty  incum- 

fnj'ciuyft'ii bent  upon  them  ;  for,  faid  he,  The  true  Way  to  hanijh  the  Rooks ,  is 

"Z"z  'm  to  pill  down  their  Nejls  (a).     And  the  Execution  of  the  Acff  for  the 

dom.'^'"^"   Wed  Parts  was  committed  to  the  Earls  of  ylrran,  ^rgyle  and  Glen- 

cairny  for  the  North  Parts  to  the  Prior  of  St.  oAndrews^  now  called 

Lord  lames,  and  for  the  In-Countries  to  fome  Barons  that  were 

held  mod  zealous.     Whereupon,  (ays  Bidiop  Spotfivood  [b),  enjued  a 

■pitiful  Vaflation  of  Churches  and  Church-builaings  throughout  all  the 

Parts  of  the  Realm,  for  every  one  made  bold  to  put  to  their  Handsy 

the  meaner  Sort  imitating  the  Example  of  the  greater,  and  thofe  ivha 

were  in  Authority.     No  Difference  was  made,    but  ali  the  Churches 

cither  defaced,  or  pulled  to  the  Ground  ;  the  Holy  Vejfels,  and  what- 

foever  elfe  o^Men  could  make  Gain  of,   as  Timber,    Lead  and  Bells 

ivere  put  to  jale,  the  very  Sepulchres  of  the  T)ead  were  not  fpared,  the 

Regiflers  of  the  Church  and  Bibliothccks  cafl   into  the  Fire  ;    in  a 

Word,  all  was  ruined,  and  what  had  efcaped  in  the  Time  of  the  frfl 

Tumults,  did  now  undergo  the  common  Calamity.     Xqi  this  did  not 

fully  fatisfy  Mr.  Knox,    for  after  the  Parliament  was  dilfolved,    he 

got  together  a  Meeting   of  leveral  Noblemen   and  Barons,    who 

lubfcribed  to  his  Book  of  Difcipline,  in  Oppofition  to  the  States  of" 

Parliament. 

Queen  o^ary  having  come  from  France,    and  being  informed 

He  h.i  1  ^^^^^  ^^^*  ^'^^^  ^^^^  o"^  ^^  ^'^^  Indruments  of  the  Civil  War,  fhe 
Conference  fent  for  hiui ;  and  there  being  none  prefent  but  the  Qiieen,  Lord 
qlieti!.*  James  and  he,  fhe  told  him  that  he  had  raifed  a  Rebellion  againll 
her  Mother  and  her,  that  he  had  wrote  a  Book  againd  her  Autho- 
rity, that  he  had  introduced  a  new  Religion  amongd  her  Subjedls, 
and  that,  as  {he  was  informe^l,  he  was  a  Necromancer.  Mr.  Knox 
gives  us  an  Account  (c)  how  he  anfwered  all  thefe  Accufations ;  but 
we  (hall  only  obferve,  that  he  own'd  that  what  was  done  in  Defence 
of  Religion,  could  not  be  called  Rebellion :  ^nd  that  if  any  Prince 
undertook  to  murder  the  Children  of  God  that  are  Jubjeii  unto  them, 

their 

<«)  fc«  Spoif  Lib.  \.  p.  175..    (0  IM.    (0  la  bit  Hiil.  Lib.  4.  from  F.  }io  (0  }i;. 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  o/'JOHN  KNOX  the  Reformer.  ill 


An. 


their  blind  Zeal  is  nothing  Ut  a  wry  mad  Phrenz^y,  and  therefore  j,^  ,j^^ 
to  take  the  Sword  from  them,  to  bind  their  Hands,  and  to  cafl  them'''^''*^^/'*^ 
into  Frifon,  tiU  that  they  be  brought  to  a  morefober  Mind,  is  no  T>if- 
obedience  a^atnft  Princes,  but  jujl  Obedience,  becaufe  that  it  agreeth 
zvith  the  Word  of  God.  He  acknowledged  that  he  wrote  a  Book 
a-niinft  the  Regiment  of  Women,  and  was  ftill  of  that  Opinion  } 
but  althou'^h  learned  Men  did  often  differ  in  Opinions,  that  they 
ftill  fubmitted  where  tile  Generality  prevailed,  and  that  he  was  k) 
fully  perfwaded  of  the  Unlawfulnefs  of  a  Woman's  having  the  fu- 
preme  Authority,  Tliat  he  thought  himjelf  alone  more  able  to  Ju ft  am 
the  Things  affirmed  in  that  Work  than  any  Ten  in  Europe  that  fhall 
be  able  to  confute  it.  And  no  lefs  confident  was  he  of  confuting  the 
icarncdeft  Papift  in  Europe,  if  he  durft  but  enter  the  Lifts  with  him 
before  her  Majefty.  And  Laftly,  .  As  to  the  Accufation  oi  Necro- 
mancy, it  was  not  worth  his  Pains  to  notice  it,  fince  Chrift  himfelf 
was  accufed  of  it  by  his  Enemies.  After  tiiis  Conference,  Mr.  Knox 
bcincT  asked  by  (ome  of  his  Friends,  What  he  thought  of  the  Hi.ch^.- 
Qiieen  ?  He  faid.  If  there  be  not  in  her  a  Proud  Mind,  a  crafty  Wit,^^,fj^ 
and  an  indurat  Heart  againfl  God  and  his  Truth,    my  Judgment 

faileth  me.  ,  , «       i      /•      i     /•  i  • 

The  Barons  requiring  that  Orders  fhould  be  taken  for  the  luftam- 

in<T  of  Minifters,    the  Lords  of  her  Majefty's  Privy  Council  having 
met  upon  the  20th  of  December  1 561,  they  ordered  that  the  Church- 
men ftiould  have  Intromiflion  and  Medling  with  two  Parts  of  their 
Benefices,  and  that  the  tiiird  Part  ftiould  be  gathered  by  fuch  Men 
as  thereto  ftiould  be  appointed  ;  which  fo  grieved  Mr.  Knox,  that    „,,  ^^^^^ 
in  one  of  his  Sermons  he  faid  (a).    Well,  if  the  End  of  this  Or^f r  ^n,««_^^co»; 
pretended  to  be  taken  for  Suftentation  of  <^tnifters  be  happy,    my  Thi.d.. 
Judgment  fails  me.     For  J  am  ajjured  that  the  Spirit  of  God  is  not 
the  (tAuthor  of  it,  for  fir  ft  I  fee  two  Parts  freely  gi'ven  to  the  Devil, 
and  the  Third  muft  be  divided  between  God  and  the  Devil.     WeU, 
bear  W/inefs  to  me,  that  this  Day  I  faid  it,  eer  it  be  long  the  Devil 
/hall  ha,ve  three  'Parts  of  the  Third,    and  judge  then  ivhat  God's 

Portion  will  be.  ,     ,     ^     r  ■^     ^      -n    ^     c 

Mr.  Knox  in  the  Year  i$6l  had  a  Conference  with  the  Earl  ot   He^h*'* 
'Bothwellm  private,  wherein  he  confcfled  his  lewd  and  wicked  Li(el2ZT,,i 
to  him,  and  defired  his  Aftlftance  in  being  reconciled  to  tlie  Earl;„/,"J;^i!' 
of  y^rran  ;  what  his  Confeftion  was,-  Mr.  Knox  has  revealed  to  the  Ji ^^""^'"^ 
World,  and  in  Gratitude  he  was  bound  to  ferve  the  Earl ;  for  he 
tells  us  (b).  That  his  Great  Grand-father,   his  Grand-father  and  Fa- 
ther had  been  Servants  to  the  Earl's  Predeceftbrs,  fo  it  is  no  wonder 
that  he  did  the  Earl  diat  Piece  of  Service,    which  was  of  no  long 
Duration  ;  for  immediately  after,  as  he  tells  us,  the  Earl  oi  Jrran  „^,..,,^ 
turn'd  mad  :  Not  long  after  this  the  Queen  tor  her  Diverfion  having  ;h^;^  co"f.. 
iiad  a  Ball  in  her  Palace  at  Holy-Rood-Houfe,  Mr.  Knox  from  thence ,^h.Qi.,„. 
took  the  Occafion  in  a  Sermon  to  reprove  the  Queen  font,  which  «p,n^v„^ 
flic  bcinii  informed  of,  Tent  for  him,  and  told  him  in  Prefence  ot  ,|„g. 
^  H  h  t'le 


U)  HU  HiA.  r.  )•)■   (*;  IM,  Uk.  4-  t.  ))«. 


Ill  The  Life  o/JOHN  KNOX  the  Reformer.  Vol.  Iff. 

'"1^'^^*"^    the  Lord   farnes,  tlic  Earl  of  Morton,    Sccrerary   Lithtn^ton,    and 
^•^    fome  Ladies  ot  the  Bed-chamber,  that  he  was  acciifed  ()\  /peaking 
irreverently  ot  her,  his  endeavouring   to  make  her  odious  to  her 
Subjects,  and  of  going  beyond  the  Bounds  of  his  Text :  As  for  his 
fpeaking  irreverently  of  iier,  he  told  her.  That  ifjhe  had  heard  what 
he  had  jaid,  tf  there  zuere  any  Spark  of  the  Spirit  of  Cod,  yea  of  llonejly 
or  Wifdom  in  her,  (he  zcould  not  hanje  l)een  ojfended  :  Then  refuniing 
the  Subftance  of  iiis  Diicourfe  to  herfroinhis  Text,    which  was, 
And  nozu  under f  and  O  ye  lOngs,   and  be  learned  ye  that  ]udqe  the 
'Earth.  He  acknowledged  that  he  had  faid,    that  all  Princes  (fid  de- 
fpife  the  Law  of  God  and  his  holy  Ordinances,  taking  more  Pleiifure 
jn  [idling  and  paging,  m  which  they  are  more  exercifed,  than  in  rea- 
ding crnearing  Gods  mojl  Ue'Jed  Word,    and  Fidlers  and  Fhitterers 
(  ivljich  commonly  corrupt  the  Touth  )  are  more  precious  in  their  Eyes, 
than  Men  of  IVifdom  and  Gratuity,    that  although  he  did  not  find 
dancing  commended  in  the  Scriptures,  and  that  prophane  Writers  con- 
demn d  it  rather  as  the  Gejlure  of  mad  and  phrenetick    People,    than 
of  thofe  that  zuere  fober  and  in  their  Wits,  yet  he  did  not  utterly  con- 
demn it,  providing  that  the  ufe  of  it  do  not  take  them  off'  their  prin- 
cipal Duty,  and  as  the  Philiftines  their  Fathers,  for  the  Pleafure  they 
take  in  the  T)  if  pleafure  of  Cod's  People,  for  if  they  do  thefe  or  either 
of  them,  they  Jhall  receive  the  Rezvard  of  Dancers,    and  that  zvill  be 
to  Drink  in  Hell.     The  Qiieen  having  given  him  a  gentle  Repri- 
mand, told  him,  that  tho'  fhe  and  her  Uncles  differ'd  from  him  in 
their  Religion,  yet  when  he  heard  any  Thing  ot  her  that  he  thought 
deferved  his  Reproof,    he  ought  to  come  and  admonifh  her  of  it 
in  private,  to  this  Mr  Knox  anfwered,  that  he  was  alTured  that  her 
Uncles  were  Enemies  to  God  and  to  his  Son  Jefus  C'lr.ft  :    But  as 
to  his  admoniOiing  of  her  in  private.     He  zoas  called  to  a  publick 
Fun^ion  within  the  Church  of  God,  and  appointed  by  God  to  rebuke 
the  Vices  and  Sins  of  all,  but  that  he  zoas  not  appointed  to  come  to 
every  Man  in  particular,    to  fhozv  him  his  Offence,  for  that  Labour 
zvere  infinit  :  But  if  her  Md]efly  zuere  plea  fed  to  frecjuent  the.  publick 
Sermons,  then  he  doubted  not  but  that  fhe  fhould  under fland  both  zvhat 
he  liked  and  difiked  in  her  o^ajefy  as  in  all  others.     Having  taken 
his  leave  of  the  Qiieen,  he  fays  he  heard  fome  Papifts  faying,    he 
is  not  afraid,  to  which  he  anfwered,  What  Jhould  the  pleajant  Face 
of  a  Lady  a  fray  me  ? 

The  next  Year  bein^  i$6'^.  The  Congregation  refolving  to  put 

to  Death  fuch  of  tlie  PopifK  Priefts  (^7),    as  fhould  be  found  faying 

He  hi. .  Mafs,  the  Queen  fent  for  Mr.  Knox,  fhe  was  then  at  Lochleven,  and 

le«e*^r.h'  '"'e  tells  us  (/>),  that  fhe  dealt  with  him  for  two  Hours   before  Sup- 

ihe  Quc.n,  pgr    jI^^j  hg  would  be  inflrumental  in  difTwading  them  from  puni- 

the  Power  of  {}iina  thofe  who  differ'd  from  them  in   Reliiiion,    but  he  infilling 

Joi.tert.      upon  the  Lawfulnefs  of  their  punifhing  them,  unlefs  fhe  did  it  her 

felf;  (he  asked  him,  WiUye  allozv  that  they  fj ill  tike  m\  Srcord  in 

their  Hand  ?  To  this  he  anfwered,  TInit  the  Sword  of  fuftice  zvas 

God's 

C«)  Ub4.P.  3j».    (i)  Ibid. 


Vol.  1 1 1.  The  Life  of  JOHN  KNOX  the  Reformer.  j 2 2 

God's  Sv.wrd,  and  that  if  Princes  made  not  the  right  ufe  of  it,  the  X/^^ 
Rulers  under  them  that  fear  God  ought  to  do  it  :  And  to  prove  this^'^\^' 
he  told  her,  that  Samuel  [pared  not  to  flay  Agag  the  fat  and  delicate 
King  o/'Amaleck  whom  Saul  had  faved,  neither  [pared  Elias,  Jcza- 
hcVs  falfe  Prophets  and  Bsi^VsfalJe  Triefts,  albeit  that  King  Aliab  was 
prefcnt,  Pliineas  was  no  Magi  fir  ate,  and  yet  he  feared  not  to  ftrike 
Zimbri  and  Cozbi  in  the  very  Ail  of  filthy  Fornication,  for  he  noways 
doubted  but  they  were  as  much  guided  by  the  Spirit  of  God  as  any  of 
thefe  vjere- 

The  States  of  Parliament  having  met  upon  the  19th  Day  o^ May 
15^3,  Mr.  Knox  and  his  Brethren  were  for  taking  fuch  violent  Mea- 
fures,  that  even  the  Lord   fames,  then  Earl  of  Murray,  the  Queen's 
greateft.  Enemy,  and  Mr.  Knoxs  moft  intimate  Friend,    fell  at  fuch  va"!nc"' ** 
Variance  about  it,  that  Mr.  Knox  after  that  he  had  upbraided  them'Ae''friend 
Earl,  as  if  he  hud  raifed  him  from  nothing;  he  fays,  {a),  That  heA^^!'  "^ 
fent  him  a  Letter  difcharging  the /aid  Earl  of  all  further  Intromit- 
fion  or  Care  with  his  Affairs,  and  Tor  an  Year  and  a  half  they  fpakc 
not  together.     The  Brethren  finding  that  they  could  not  prevail 
with  the  Earl  of  Murray  to  break  Meafures  with  the  Queen,   their 
next  Method  was  to  fall  a  railing  at  tlie  Parliament  for  the  Vanity 
of  their  Apparrel,    which  Mr.  Knox  Charafterizes  thus,    Such  (/>), 
(linking  Pride  of  Women  as  was  feen  at  that  Parliament,  was  never 
feen  in  Scotland,  three  fundry  Days  the  §lueen  rode  to  the  Tol booths 
the  firjl  T)ayfhe  made  a  painted  Oration,  and  there  might  have  beert 
heard  among  ft  her  Flatteries  vox  Dian^e,  the  Voice  of  a  Goddefs,  for  it 
could  not  be  Dei  and  not  of  a  Woman,  God  fave  that  Face,    was  there 
ever  Orator  fpake  fo  properly  and  fojweetly,  &c.  But  this  Proje(5t  fai- 
ling them,  Mr.  Knox  fell  upon  another  Knack  of  incenfing  her  Sub- 
jects againft  her,    which  was  this,    at  this  Time  a  Projedl  of  the 
Qiieen's   Marriage  with  the  King  of  Spain  was  fet  on  Foot,    and 
he   bein"   Roman-Catholick,   Mr.  Knox  eoes   to  the  Pulpit,    and  "<P'"<^.''«# 
arrer  lie  had  laid  a  great  many  Things  concerning  the  Danger  that^«"'« 
the  Proteftant  Religion  was  in,  he  told  them  plainly,    Tljat  when-      "^ 
Joever  the  Nobility  of  Scotland  ivho'  profejfeth  the  Lord  Jejus,    con- 
sents that  an  Infidel  (  and  all  Papifis  are  Infidels  )  Jhall  be  Head  of 
our  Sovereign,  ye  do  Jo  far  as  in  yoti  lyeth  to  banifij  Chrifi  fefus  from 
this  Realm,  yea  to  bring  God's  Vengeance  upon  the  Country,    and  a 
Plague  upon  your  [elves.     The  Queen  being  informed  of  this  Sedi- 
tious Sermon,  fhc  fent  for  him,  and  having  upbraided  him  withhef 
merciful  Treatment  of  him  ever  fince  he  came  to  the  Country,  not- 
withftanding  of  which   he  ftill  infulted  over  her  more  and  more; 
at  wliicli  flic  burft  forth  in  Tears,  which  he  mofl  inhumanely  mocks 
at.    She  asked  iiim  what  he  had  to  do  with  her  Marriage,  and  af- 
ter mofl  infulting  Language,  he  told  her  what  he  had  laid  out  of 
tlie  Pulpit  :  But  fhc  was  advifed  not  to  punifh  him  as  he  deferved, 
fo  lie  was  difmiffed  for  tiiat  Time,  yet  he  acknowledges  (c),  That 
this  Manner  of  [peaking  was  judged  intolerable,    and  that  both  Pro^ 

H  It  1  teftants 

(')  Lik.  4-  C'C-  iih    U)  IM.    (0  llhd.  r<{.  ))?. 


124  The  Life  o/JOHN  KNOX  the  Reformer.  Vol.  Id. 


A,7i~,'    teflnrits  and  Ptipijts  ivere  offended  at  hirn^  and  that  his  rmf  familiar 
Friends  difdained  him  for  I  peaking  fo. 


'"■^'^^    Friends  difdained  him  for  fpeakin^  fo. 

Ill  the  Month  oi  October,    a  Mob  having  infultcd   the  Qiiccn's 
jie  ii      Servants  at  the  Palace  oF  Holy-Rood-HoHje,  ibiric  of  tlicm ,  were  ap- 
brougiu  wt-pichendccl  and  thrcatncd  to  be  feverely  piinifhed,  to  prevent  which, 
Ql«n-$     Mr.  Knox  having  confiilccd  his  Brethren,  he  wrote  circular  Letters 
.cTftj'r"  for  railing  the  whole  Country  to  relieve  them,    one  of  which  fal- 
ihrTrgllling   into  the  Prcfident  oi  the  Sedions  Hands  was  fent  to  the  Queen  ; 
knou'i.Je's.and  about  the  middle  of  December,    a  Council   was   called,    and 
"d.'''''"°'"Mr./(77o;c  being  brought  before  them,  was  accufed  for  convocating 
the  Queen's  Lieges,    which  he    acknowledged,    and  infulted   her 
Majedy  before  her  own  Council,  of  all  which   he  gives  us  a  very 
large  and  particular  Account  (a),  and  fays,  That  both  the  Tapifts 
and  Pioteftants  abfolved  him,  and  that  when  the  Queen  perceived 
rhe  Prefident  of  the  SelTion  Henry  Sinclair  Bifhop  of  Rofs  voted 
with  the  reft  in  his  Favour,  flie  faid,  Trouble  not  the  Bairn,  J  pray 
yon  trouble  him  not,  for  he  is   newly   wakened  out   of  his  Sleep,    why 
fl;culd  not  the  eld  Fool  follow  him  that  paj^ed  before  htm  ?  The  Bifhop 
anfwered  coldly.    Tour  Majejly  may  confider  that  it  is  neither  Af- 
fe^ion  to  the  ofMan,  nor  Love  to  his  Profejjion  that  moved  me  to  Ab- 
folve  him,    but  the  fimvle  Truth.     And  the  General  Af\embly  that 
met  in  the  fame  Month  likewife  oAbfolved  him  from  ali  that  was  laid 
to  his  Charge.     But  I  am  ahaid  that  this  unanimous  Confent  of  the 
Council,  is  much  of  the  fame  Nature  with  what  he  reports  to  have 
happened  at  the  fame  Time  (b),  to  wit,   That  the  Sea  for  24  Hours 
did  neither  ebb  nor  fow.     A   General   Alfembly   having  met  in  the 
Month  of  fune  1 564,  Secretary  Lithington  defired  that  they  might 
alter  their  Way  and  Manner  or  Praying  for  the  Queen  as  an  Ido- 
later, and  as  one  excluded  from  the  Eledion  of  God,  upon  which 
there  enfued  a  long  Difpure  betwixt  Mr.  Knox  and  him,    wherein 
He  hit  »Mr.  Knox  affirmed.  That  it  was  not  lawful  to  pray  for  her  otherwife^ 
&c?cu"iy*i!.'^  that  they  had  Reafon  to  think  that  flie  was  zvorfe  than  Simon  Magus, 
tSn'he  and  that  it  zvas  lawful  for  Subjects  not  only  to  reffi,    but  to  dethrone 
and  punifh  their  Princes,  the  Power  of  making  and  unmaking  of  them 


maintAinSi 

ihit  it  wii  ^ 

''°\^"^i^^"\Z being  in  the  People. 

Q^u«n  but     jjie  Queen  having  married  the  Lord  Darnly  her  own  Coufin- 

as  in  Uclaltr  ^^         .  0_.  ^  ••'..„.._ 

thai  ue 

cfill  and 

on 
Ptu.tcJ. 


and  that  ue  German,  and  a  young  Gentleman  of  a  very  lovely  Afpedl,  his  firfl 

mayiefilland  .       •',  ^   .  C    \         V>  1  1^1  I 

«i(tl..one  Attempt  to  gain  the  Opinion  or  the  People,  was  to  go  to  the  Church, 
^'"""'  and  no  Body  doubted  but  this  would  pleafe  M^.Knox;  and  accor- 
Hepteaciieidingly  upou  Sunday  the  19th  o(  Auguf  he  came  to  hear  him  in 
K.ngld*"  St.  Giles  Church,  where  Mr. Knox  made  choice  for  his  Text  the 
t^;ch"'he^°lxxvi  Chapter  of  the  Prophet  Jfaiah,  Verfe  15.  O  Lord  our  God, 
'thc'coulniother  Lords  than  thou  have  ruled  over  us.  He  from  thence  took 
"''''•  Occafion  to  fpeak  of  the  Government  of  wicked  Princes,  and  amongft 
other  Things,  he  faid,  That  God  fometimes  fet  over  his  People  for 
their  Ingratitude  and  Offences,  Women  and  Boys,  alluding  to  the 
King  and  Qiieen,    and  that  Ahab  and  his  Pofterity,    becaufe  Jie 

would 

C«)  Fiom  Pag.  j«3.  Lib.  4.  to  Pag.  JJi-    (*)  Ibid.  Pag.  374, 


and  licen 


Vol.  ill.  The  Life  o/JOHN  KNOX  the  Re/orwer  115 

not  take  Older  with  that  Harlot  Jez^abel^  were  pLiniihcu,  ui^.i-^^^"-^ 
which  ti-.c  King  was  fo  incenfed,  that  he  was  immediately  rummo-^Ai.^w' 
ncd  before  the  Council,  where  he  not  only  own'd  what  he  iiad 
faid,  but  Uk'cwife  added,  That  as  the  King  had  to  pleafe  the  ^eea 
^one  to  c^Iafs,  and  dt [honoured  the  Lord  God,  Jo  [hould  God  in  his 
^Jujlice  make  her  the  htjlrument  of  his  Ruin.  Yet  all  the  Council 
did  to  him  for  this  Iniolcnce,  was  to  filence  him  for  1 5  or  10 
Days 

In  the  Month  of  ^December  i  '^66,  Mr.  Knox  obtained  from  the 
Aflbmbly  then  fitting,  not  only  Liberty  to  vifit  his  Sons  who  were   Hegoe»to 
then  following  their  Studies  at  the  Univerfity  o^  Cambridge,   but  z.^"i'hit'%^^. 
Letter  from  the  AOembly  in  Favours  of  fome  Preachers,  who  wereV^^'of"' 
troubled  for   not   conforming   themfelves   to  the    Orders  of  rhat^"^"'^'' 
Church,  diiec'lied  thus.  The  Superintendants,    oJTkliniJfers  and  Com- 
mijjioners  of  the  Church  xvtthin  the  Realm  of  Scotland,    to  their  Bre- 
thren the  Bifhops  and  Pajlors  of  England,    ivho  ha've  renounced  the 
Roman  <*/lntichrifl,  and  do  Profejs  with  them  the  Lord  J  ejus  mfin- 
cerit),  ivifJ)  the  increaje  of  the  Holy  Spirit,    the  Letter  Jt  (elf  is  in 
Spot tj wood' a  Hiftory  (a). 

Mr.  Knox  having  ftay'd  above  a  Year  in  England,  returned  to  his 
Flock  at  Edinburgh,  and  Spotijwood  tells  us,  that  when  the  Re2;enr 
was  killed  in  the  Year  1569  (b).  Mr.  Knox  utter'd  a  notable  Pro- 
phecy from  tiic  Pulpit,  againft  Thomas  Maitland  a  younger  Bro- 
ther of  Lithingtons,  but  I  fhall  fhew  the  contrary  of  this  in  the  Life 
of  that  young  Gentleman's  Governour,  and  that  this  Predidion  was 
as  falfe  as  all  the  reft  of  his  Predi(5lions  were. 

An  Aflembly  having  •  met  at  Stirling  in  the  Month  of  Augufi 
1571,  and  Mr.  Knox  being  then  Sick  at  St.  Andrews,  he  wrote  a 
Letter  to  them,  exhorting  them  to  (land  firm  to  tlieir  Intercft,  for  '?''i?"'^ 
now  in  all  Probability  he  was  dying,  and  indeed  not  long  after  he^*'* 
died  at  Edinburgh  upon  the  17th  o(  November  1 571 ;  And  Mr.  Da- 
vid  Buchanan  who  writes  his  Life,  gives  us  a  long  Account  of  his 
pious  Exhortations,  Prayers  and  Ejaculations  at  his  Death,  which 
Bilhop  Spotijwood  in  his  Hiftory  has  tranfcribed  from  him  Word 
for  Word. 

This  Author  has  been  varioufly  chara(n:erized  by  the  Learned,  ac- 
cording to  their  different  Inclinations  to  the  Churches  of  CfWL'tf, 
Rome  and  England,  and  we  fhall  begin  with  Ceneva. 

Calnjin  and  Bez,a  had  a  very  great  Efteem  for  him,  as  it  appears 
from  their  Letters,  and  the  great  Friendfhip  that  was  betwixt  Calnjin 
and  him.  Mr.  David  Buchanan  fays  (c).  "  That  he  was  a  Man  en- 
"  dued  with  many  excellent  Gifts,  and  with  a  very  great  Meafure  of 
"  the  Spirit,  God  raifed  him  up  to  be  a  chief  Inftrument  of  the 
"  glorious  Work  of  the  Reformation  ;  the  Court  Claw-backs  and 
"  Parafitcs  have  been,  and  are  difpleafed  with  his  Dodfrine  tou- 
♦*  ching  the  Authority  of  Princes  and  Civil  Magiftrates,  although 
"  dierc  was  never  Man  who  did  more  heartily  reverence  civil  Ai>- 
____^__  I  '  "  thority, 

(«)  Lib.  4-  f«8t  iv8.    (t)  Lib.  5.  P.g«  »J4.    (0  Ml.  Kaoi"i  Lift  prcfiicd  to  hJi  Hiftorr. 


Ii6  The  Life  0/ JOHN  KNOX  the  Rejormer.  Vol.  \]\. 

JJ^/^    *'  thority,  nor  obey  more  willingly  the  lawful  Commands  tlicrcof 
^A/^    "  than  lie,  all  liis  Dodrine  concerning  the  civil  Authority,    was  to 
"  corredl  the  Corruption  brought  in  by  the  flavi/h  Flatterers,    who 
"  abufing  the  Simplicity  and  Debonarity  of  thofe  whom  Cod   has 
"  placed  in  Authority,  maketh  tlicm  inconHdcrately  to  rebel  wiWulIy 
"  and  openly  againlt  God  and  his  Son,  and  turn  all  Things  upfitld 
*'  down,  and  undo  the  poor  People  ot  God,    (or  who/e  Ciood  and 
"  Safety  they  are  placed  fo  high,  likewife  were  and  are  to  this  Day 
"  the  proud  Prelates  and  idle  Belly-Gods  highly  offended  with  his 
"  Docflrine  concerning  Church  Government,    although  he  intended 
"  no  other  thing  but  the  pulling  down  of  yintichrtpianifm   fully, 
"  and  carting  all  Tyrrany  and   Idlenefs  out  ot  the  Houfe  of  God. 
"  Never  was  a  Man  more  obfervant  of  the  true  and  jult  Authority 
"  of  Church  Rulers,  according  to  the  Word  of  God,   and  Prad ice 
"  of  the  pureft  primitive  Times  :    He  always  urged  prcffingly  due 
"  Obedience  by  the  People  to  the  faithful  Paflors  and  Elders  of  the 
"  Church,  altho'  he  was  both  learned  and  eloquent,  yet  did  he  not 
"  much  apply  his  Mind  to  compofe  Books  for  Pofterity,  for  he  was 
"  wont  to  (ay,  that  God  had  called  him  rather  to  inflrucfl  the  Igno- 
*'  rant,  comfort  the  Sorrowful,  rebuke  the  Sinners,  and  confirm  the 
"  Weak  living  in  his  Time,  than  to  make  Books  for  Ages  to  come. 
'*  Neverthelefs,  he  wrote  feveral  good  Pieces,    for  befides  what  we 
"  have  fpoken  of  already,  vizj.  His  Hijlory  of  the  Reformation,  his 
"  appellation  from  the  Church  of  Scotland,    his  Admonition  to  the 
"  Commons  of  Scotland,    his  cyddmonition  to  the  Profejjors  of  Truth 
"  in  England,  a  Letter  to  the  §lneeH  Regent  and  a  Sermon;  all  which 
"  he  has  printed  with  his  Hiftory ;  namely  he  left  the(e,  A  learned 
"  Treatife  agatnft  the  hlafphemous  Anabaptifts,  two  Treatifes  againjl 
"  the  Majs,  one  of  the  Eucharifl,  fome  Sermons  upon  Gene(is,  fome  al- 
^^  Jo  upon  the  Pfalms,  an  Exhortation  to  all  ajjli(^ed  Churches;  an  yld- 
"  vice  in  Time  of  Trouble,  the  firf  Blaft  of  the  Trumpet,    &cc.    Be- 
"  fides  thefe  he  wrote  a  Book  againft  Tyre  the  Jejuite.  He  died  An. 
"  'Dam.  1 5-72,  and  of  his  Age  61.  His  Body  was  inrer'd  at  St.  Giles 
"  without  the  Church;  to  his  Burial  a/lifled  many  Men  of  all  Ranks, 
"  among  others  the  Earl  oi  Morton.,  who  being  near  to  the  Grave, 
"  as  the  Corps  was  put  in,  faid  by  Way  of  Epitaph,    Here  lyes  the 
"  Body  of  him,  luho  tn  his  Lifetime  never  fear  d  the  Face  of  Man". 

Mr.  Calderwood  gives  this  Account  of  him  {a),  "  Mr.  Knox  de- 
"  parted  this  Life  upon  the  24  oi  November,  the  Light  and  Comfort 
"  of  our  Kirk,  and  a  Pattern  to  Minifters  for  Holinefs  of  Life,Soundners 
"  of  Dodtrine,  and  couragious  Liberty  in  rebuking  of  Perfons  of  what- 
"  foe ver  Rank :  Bifhop  i?/V/(?y,  notwithftanding  hisOppofitiontothe 
"  Book  of  Common  Prayer  and  Englifh  Ceremonies,  confe(Teth  in 
"  a  Letter  to  Mr.  Grindal,  that  he  was  a  Man  of  good  Wit,  of  much 
"  good  Learning  and  earneft  Zeal,  in  Eloquence  and  forcible  Ex- 
«'  prefTion  of  his  Mind,  either  by  Word  or  V/rit,  he  furpafTed  aH 
*'  other  of  his  Calling  in  this  Nation  ;    how  profound  he  was  in 

Divini- 

(.«)  Odittirood'i  Hlft.  f>g-  55> 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  of  JOHN  KNOX  the  Reformer.  1 17 

"  Divinity,  tliat  Work  of  his  upon  Predeftination  may  give  Evidence :  'i^^^ 
"  Incredible  was  the  Succefs  of  his  Pains  in  planting  of  the  Gofpeij^-K^ 
"  and  the  Work  of  Reformation,  till  Religion  was  fo  eftabliflied, 
"  that  fcarce  a  Papift  durft  fet  up  his  Head,  and  avoucii  for  Popery : 
"  He  alone  did  more  good  than  all  the  Superintendants,    and  for 
"  his  Gifts  was  more  efteemed.     How  many  Things  did  he  foretell 
"  which  came  to  pafs.  When  the  Caftle  of  Su  Andrews  was  bcfie^ed 
"  both  by  Sea  and  Land,  after  the  Slaughter  of  the  Cardinal,  and 
"  the  Defenders  within  triumphed  upon  any  good  Succefs ;  he  ever 
"  faid,  they  never  faw  what  he  faw :    When  they  bracrged  of  the 
"  Screnc;th  and   Thicknefs  of  their  Walls,  he  faid,  Tlfey  will  prove 
"  like  E^g-Shels-     When  they  faid,  England  will  relieve  us,  he  faid, 
"  Te  jhall  not  fee  them  at  this  Ttme,    hut  Jhall  be  delivered  into  your 
*'  Enemies  Hands.,  and  carried  into  a  Jlrange  Country,  and  fo  it  came 
"  to  pafs.     When  the  Lords  of  the  Congregation  were  twice  di{^ 
*'  comfited  by  tiie  French  Soldiers,  he  aflured  them,  that  the  Lord, 
"  notwithftanding,    would  perfedl  the  Work   of  the  Reformation. 
"  Becaufe  Qiieen  t^Mary  refufed  to  come  to  Sermon,    he  bad  tell 
"  her,  that  fhe  fhall  be  compelled  to  hear   the  Word  nill  fhe  will 
"  fhe,  and  fo  it  came  to  pafs  at  her  Arraignment :  To  her  Husband 
*'  king  Henry,  fittine  on  the  King's  Seat  in  the  great  Kirk,   he  faid, 
*'  Have  ye  for  the  Pleafure  of  that  dainty  Dame  cafl  the  Pfatm  Book 
"  in  the  Fire,  the  Lord  fhall  flrike  both  Head  and  Tail     When  he 
"  was  conflrained  to  leave  Edinburgh,  the  Queen's  Fadion  poffef- 
"  fing  both  the  Town  and  Caflle,  he  went  to  St.  aAndrezcs  :  At  this 
'■  Time  being  weak  in  Body,    but  mighty  in  Spirit,  he  ftept  foftly 
*'  to  the  Kirk,  that  Day  he  was  to  preach,  having  a  Staff  in  the  one 
"  Hand,  and  his  Servant  Richard  Bannantin  holding  him  up  on  tlie 
"  other  Side,  all  the  Way  from  the  Abbay  tothePanfhKirk,  after  he 
"  was  lifted  up  to  the  Pulpit,  it  behooved  him  to  reft  a  While  ;  but 
"  before  he  ended  his  Sermon,  he  became  fo  adlivc  and  vigorous, 
"  that  he  was  like  to  break  the  Pulpit  in  Pieces :  He  threatned  that 
"  the  Caftle  of  Edinburgh  fliould  fpew  out  the  Captain  Cmeaning 
*'  Sir  Willianj  Kirkcaldie  of  the  Grange)  with  Shame,  that  he  fhould 
"  not  come  out  at  the  Gate,  but  over  the  Walls,  and  that  the  Tower 
"  of  tiie  Caftle  called  Davie's  Tovjer  fhall  run  like  a  Sand  Glafs. 
"  Mr.  Robert  Hamilton  Minifter  at  St.  ^Andrews,    favouring  the 
"  Hamiltons  who  were  upon  the  Queen's  Fad;ion,  asked  Mr.  Knox 
*'  what  Warrant  he  had  fo  to  threaten,  he  anfwered,  Thou  fJjall  fee 
*'  it  With  thine  Eyes  :    It  came  fo  to  pafs,    for  the  faid  Mr.  RoberC 
"  was  in  Edinburgh  when  the  Fore-work  of  the  Caftle  was  demoli- 
*'  fhcd  with  the  Battery  of  Cannons,  and  did  run  down  like  a  Tandy 
"  Brae,  he  faw  the  Captain  coming  over  the  Walls  upon  a  Ladder 
"  witli  a  Staff  in  his  Hand,  becaufe  the  Paffage  by  the  Gate  was  ftopt 
*'  with  the  Rubbifh  of  the  demolifhed  Work :  After  tiie  Abftinence 
"  was  proclaimed,  and  the  Citizens  who  ftood  for  the  King  retur- 
*'  ned  to  Edinburgh,  Mr.  Khox  returned  alfo  the  i^ih  of  zJuguf^ 
"  not  being  able  tor  Weaknefs  to  teach  in  the  great  Kirk,  he  taugiit 

I  i  1  "to 


Am.    IjU. 


128  The  Life  of  JOHN  KNOX  the  Reformir.  Vol.  \\l 

''  to  a  icw  in  the  Tol  booth  :  He  wrote  to  Mr.  J  awes  Lawjon  ,S(il> 
"  Principal  in  j^herdeen  to  haftcn,  lead  he  came  too  late  ;  for  he 
"  was  nomiiiatc  by  himfelf,  and  accepted  by  the  People  to  he  his 
"  SiiccelVor  in  that  Place;  upon  the  ic^th  of  November  he  came 
"  down  from  the  Tolbooth,  where  he  had  been  preaching  to  an 
"  hundred  Perlbns,  admitted  Mr.  James  in  the  great  Kirk,  and  toolc 
"  Goodnight  of  the  People  :  Upon  the  14th  J)ay,  thinhng  it  had 
"  been  the  Lord's  Day,  he  rifech  of  Purpofe  to  teach  in  the  Tol- 
"  booth,  when  he  could  fcarcc  Ht  upon  a  Stool,  for  he  had  been 
"  meditating  diat  Night  before  upon  the  Refurrecftion  of  Chrift; 
"  for  he  haci  finilhed  the  Dodtrine  of  the  Paflion  the  Day  before, 
"  often  did  he  wifh  that  he  might  end  his  Days  meditating  upon  tiie 
*'  Doctrine  of  the  Rcfurredbon  of  Chrift,  and  To  he  did;  he  fent 
"  for  the  Elders  and  Deacons,  and  exhorted  them  to  ftand  conflant 
"  in  die  Docftrine  wiiich  diey  had  heard  outofiiis  Moutli,  and  ne- 
*'  vcr  to  )oin  with  the  Caftle,  it  remaining  in  the  State  it  was  then, 
''  or  to  meddle  with  tliat  Fadfion  :  He  faid,  Lithington  was  the  chief 
"  Author  of  all  the  Troubles  that  were  raifed,  both  in  England  and 
"  Scotland ;  and  what  he  had  denounced  againft  him,  and  Sir  Wtl- 
"  Ham  ICirkaldie  oi'  Grange,  fhould  cometopafs:  After  that  he  had 
"  commended  them  to  Cod  by  Prayer,  they  went  out  from  him 
*'  with  Tears.  At  a  certain  Time  when  Mr.  T>avid  Lindfay  came 
"  to  vifit  him,  he  faid,  J  have  dejired  all  this  Day  to  have  had  yoUy 
*'  that  J  may  fend  you  yet  to  that  Man  in  the  Cafile  ("meaning  the 
"  Captain  Kirkcalclie  of  Grange  )  zvhom  you  know  J  have  loved  Jo 
*'  dearly  ;  go,  1  pray  you,  and  tell  him  that  J  have  fent  you  to  him 
"  yet  once  to  warn  him,  and  to  hid  him  in  the  Name  of  Cod  to  leave 
*'  that  Caufe,  and  render  that  Caflle ;  if  he  zvill  not,  that  he  fijall  be 
"  brought  down  zvith  Shame  over  the  Walls,  and  hang  with  his  face 
*'  to  the  Sun ;  fo  God  hath  ajjured  me.  Mr.  David  thought  the  Mel^ 
*■'  fage  hard,  yet  he  went  and  delivered  it :  The  Captain  was  fome- 
"  what  moved,  till  Secretary  Lithington  came  to  him ;  Lithington 
"  (aid,  Go  tell  John  Knox  he  is  but  a  dryting  Prophet.  Mr.  David 
"  reported  how  his  MefTage  was  accepted  :  Well,  faid  Mr.  Knox^ 
"  /  have  been  earnejl  with  God  about  theje  tzoo  Men,  for  that  one 
*'  (meaning  Grange)  1  am  forry  that  fo  fhould  befall  him  ;  yet  God 
"  ajjureth  me,  that  there  is  Mercy  for  his  Soul ;  for  the  other,  J  have 
"  no  Warrant  to  fay  that  it  fhall  he  zuell  zvith  him.  From  tlie  i  jtli 
"  of  November,  when  he  became  fo  feeble  with  a  Hoaft,  that  he 
"  could  not  continue  his  ordinary  Task  of  reading  of  tiie  Scriptures 
"  which  he  had  every  Day,  he  caufed  read  every  Day  the  lyth 
"  Chapter  of  the  Gofpel  according  to  John,  tiie  55  of  Jfaiah,  one 
"  or  two  Chapters  of  the  Epiftle  to  the  Efhefians,  and  fuch  Pfalms 
«  as  he  diredted  himfelf.  Upon  the  i^d  of  November  in  Time  of 
"  Afternoon's  Sermon,  aftc  he  had  lyen  a  long  Time  quiet  as  fee- 
"  mcd,  he  burft  forth  in  tliefe  Words,  /  have  been  meditating  thefe 
«  two  Nights  hypaj}  upon  the  troubled  State  of  the  Kirk  of  God ;  J 
"  haw  called  to  Cod  for  it,  md  commended  it  to  Chrifi  her  Hc^d ;  J 

"  have 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  o/JOHN  KNOX  the  Reformer.  Tl^ 

*■•  have  been  fight m^  zvith  Jpiritual  Wtckednefes,    hut  have  prevailed  i^-^^^ 
"  /  have  l)(en  in  Heaven,  and  tafled  of  the  heavenly  fo\es  :  Tliere-^^^J^' 
''  after  lie  rclicarfcd  the  Lord's  Prayer  and  Belief,  parapnrafing  upon 
^'  each  Petition  and  Article.     After  Sermon  many  came  in  to  vific 
"  him  ;    fome  asked  if  he  felt  any  Pain  ;    lie  anfwercd,    /  have  no 
''  more  Vain  for  the  present  than  if  I  iverc  in  Heaven ;  and  am  con- 
"  tent,  if  it  were  God's  Pleafure,  to  lie  here  feven  Tears.     When  they 
"  thought  he  was  fallen  afleep,  he  was  at  his  Meditations,  and  did 
*'  biirft  forth  in  tliefe,  or  the  like  Speeches  ;  Lord  grant  true  Payors 
"  to  thy  Kirk,  that  Purity  of  Dodrtne  may  be  continued ;  re  fore  Peace 
"  to  this  Common-zvealth  ;    grant  godly  Rulers  and  a^Jagif  rates  : 
"  Lord  I  commend  my  Soul  and  Body  into  thy  Hands.     VVIien  Dr. 
*'  Prejlon  came  to  vifit  him  about  nine  Hours  at  Niqht,  after  he  had 
*'  lien  quiet  a  Space,    but  not  without  Groans  an'd  Sighs,  he  faid, 
«'  1  have  been  affaulted  with  Jundry  Temptations,  but  have  prevailed; 
"  at  Lift  Satan  tempted  me  to  Boajiing  and  Gloriation  in  my  [elf  but  I 
*'  repelled  him  zvith  this  Sentence,    c£uid  iiabes  quod  non  accepifli  ? 
''  Upon  the  14  Day  ol:  November,  he  caufed  read  the  15  Chapter  of 
*'  the  firft  Epiftle  to  the  Corinthians  ;  about  five  Hours  lie  biddeth 
"  his  Wife  read  the  17th  of  fohn,  where,'  faid  he,  I  didcajl  my  fir  k 
«*  Anchor,  which  fhc  did  :  At  half  Hour  before  Ten,  Dr.  Prefon  (aid 
**  tolling  after  the  Prayer,  Sir,  Heard  you  the  Prayer  ;  he  anfwered, 
*'  IVould  to  God  you  and  oihers  heard  it,  as  I  heard  it ;  1  praife  God 
^^  for  that  heavenly  Sound.     He  rendred  his  Spirit  about  eleven 
<'  Hours  at  Night  with  great  Peace,  which  he  exprefled  by  Signs  and 
"  Words  :    Many  of  his  Speeches  are  fee  down  more  amply  by 
"  Melchior  Adamus  in  vitis  Thcologorum    exterorum  principum. 
*'  Mr.  Thomas  Smctort  in  the  Defcription  of  his  Life  and  Death,  rrj- 
*'  vech  him  tliis  Commendation,  T>e  cfuo  ut  vere  ^  ingenue  dicaniy 
"  nefcio  an  unquam  magis  pium  aut  majus  ingenium  infragili  ^  in- 
"  beciHo  corpore  collocarit.     Bezja  calleth  him  the  great  Apoftle  of 
"  the  Scots,  and  comprehendeth  all  his  Praifes  in  few  Words,  when 
"  he  called  him  Great  Mr.  Knox.     The  Death  of  the  good  Regent 
"  of  happy  Memory  the  Earl  of  Murray,  made  a  deep  Impreflion 
"  in  his  Heart ;  but  the  Report  of  the  Maflacre  of  Pans  did  almoft 
"  exanimate  him.     The  Earl  o( Morton  was  chofen  Regent  that  Day 
"  he  departed  this  Life;    when  he  was  laid  in  the  Grave,  Morton 
**  faid,  There  lieth  a  Alan  who  in  his  Life  never  feared  the  face  of 
*'  Man;  zuho  hath  been  often  threatned  with  Dag  and  Dagger,  but  yet 
"  hath  ended  his  Days  in  Peace  and  Honour.     I  cannot  pafs  by  here 
"  a  remarkable  Sign  of  God's  Care  and  Providence  watchmen  over 
"  him :    It  was  his  Cuftom  to  fit  at  the  Head  of  the  Table  in  his 
"  own  Houfc,  with  his  Back  to  the  Window  which  was  at  the  Head 
"  of  the  Table,    yet  upon  a  certain  Night  as  he  fat  at  the  Side,  a 
"  Bullet  was  fhot  from  tne  other  Side  of  the  Street  in  at  the  Windoii', 
**  of  Purpofc  to  kill  him,  becaufc  the  TraytCr  fiippofed  that  he  was 
"  fitting  at  the  Head  of  the  Table  accordinrr  to  his  Cuftom  ;    the 
"  Bullet  lighted  upon  the  Foot  of  the  Candleftick,   and  made  an 

K  k  Hole 


150  Tlje  Life  of  ]0  UN  KNOX  the  Reformer.  Vol.  jlf. 

Cy^'^'^    **  Hole  in  it,  as  is  yet  to  be  fccn. ".     And  liow  rnlicli  he  was  eftccni'cl 
'•^^    by  Theodore  Bez^a  for  his  vii^orous  oppofing  of  r^pifcopacy,  appears 
from  a  Leccer  (Jire(ftccl  ro  Mr.  Knox  {a),    and  dated  at  Geneva  the 
nth  of  Qy^pril^  which  is  extant  amoni^  his  Epiftles,  wherein  lie  ae- 
knowlcdgcth  it  to  be  the  great  Gift  of  God  that  the  Kirk  of  Scot- 
land hath  tlie  pure  Religion  and  good  Order ;  and  bcfeechetli  Iiiin 
and  his  Fellow  Labourers  to  hold  fafl  thcfe  Two,  and  to  ren)embcr 
rhat  if  die  one  be  loft,    die  other  cannot  continue  long.     "  J'ut 
*'  (faith  he)  I  would  have  you,  my  dear  ICnoXy  and  tiie  other  Bre- 
*'  thren,  to  remember  that  which  is  before  your  Eyes  ;    as  Bifhops 
"  brought  forth  the  Papacy,  fo  falfe  Bifhops  the  Rclic]ues  of  Popery 
«'  fhall   bring   in  Epicurilm  to   tlie  World  ;    they   that  defire  the 
*'  Church's  Good  and  Safety,  let  them  take  heed  of  this  Peftilence: 
*'  And  feeing  that  you  have  put  that  Plague  to  the  Flight  timeoufly  ; 
*'  I  heartily  pray  you  that  you  never  admit  it  again,  albeit  it  feem 
«'  plaufible  with  the  Pretence  or  Colour  of  keeping  Unity  ;  which 
"  Pretence  deceived  the  ancient  Fathers,  yea  even  many  of  the  bcfl 
«'  of  them  ".     The  Charadlers  given  to   Mr.  ICnox  by  Mr.  Thomas 
Smeton,  and  a  great  many  other  Members  of  the  Church  of  Geneva 
are  much  to  the  fame  Purpofe  with  that  of  Mr.  Calderwood's.     And 
now  I  fhall  proceed  to  give  the  Charaders  that  the  Members  of  the 
Church  of  Rome  have  beftowed  upon  him. 

Amongfl  the  firfl  of  thefe  is  M.X.  Patrick  Hamilton (b),  who  about 

Four  Years  after  Mv.  Knoxs  Death,  gives  us  an  Abridgement  of  his 

Life  ;  wherein,  after  he  has  given  us  an  Account  that  he  was  born 

near  Haddington  of  a  mean  and  obfcure  Parentage,  that  he  was  a  Man 

of  a  fa(5lious  and  afpiring  Genius,  who  not  only  wrote  in  Defence  of 

Rebellion  and  rebellious   Pradices,    but  likewife   by  his   feditious 

Sermons  excited  the  Mob  ro  rife  in  Rebellion  againft  their  Native 

Prince,    and  to  lay  the  whole  Country   in  Afhes,    by  burning  and 

deftroying  all  the  Churches,  Religious  Houfes,    and  whatever  was 

confecrated  to  the  Service  of  God,  not  fo  much  as  fparing  the  Tombs 

of  die  Dead,  the  Bibliothecks  and  other  Monuments  of  Learning :  For 

which,  lays  he.  Cod  inflicled  upon  him  a  horrible  and  vifible  Judgment 

at  his  Death,  which  they  that  were  prefent,  and  yet  alive  can  teftify  : 

For  when  he  was  a  dying,  his  Mouth  ^nd  Face  were  fo  contorted 

and  deformed,    that  it  refembled  the  Face  of  a  Dog,    rather  than 

diat  of  a  Man's,    as  did  likewife  his  Voice  ;    but  as  he  made  his 

nearer  Approaches  to  Eternity,    the  Convulfions  having  left  him, 

and   thole   who  looked  upon  him  during  his  Life  as  a  Prophet, 

waiting  upon  him,  and  expedling  from  him  a  Confirmation  of  the 

Dodlrines  that  he  had  taught  them  in  his  Life ;    he  employed  his 

Thoughts  not  upon  Death  and  Sin,    but  upon  the  Things  of  this 

Life,  and  the  Adminiftration  of  publick  Affairs.     At  length,  finding 

his  laft  Hour  approaching,   he  confelled  that  he  had  been  taught 

Necromancy  Abroad,  by  which  he  predicfled  many  Things;  aslike- 

AVife  the  Injuftice  of  their  Caufe,  and  Rebellion  againft:  the  Queen; 

and 

^«)  Wdwwoed'j  Hitt.  f»g.  57.    C)  f«t.  H»imJt.  de  Cenfuf.  C*lv.  S«Q«  'P^d  S«otw.  P'g-  6^  ufiue  »d  pig.  <;. 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  of  ]OHN  KNOX  the  Reformer.  i ^ i 

and  that  after  his  Deatli,that  the  Qiieen  and  the  Popifh  Keligion  fhould  -v^^wo 
be  rcftored,  ar  which  his  Amanuenfis  Rol^ert  Campbell  of  Pwkin-^^r^ 
dough,  thinking  that  he  was  raving  begun  to  flop,  upon  which  Mr. 
Knox  turning  to  him,  bitterly  reproved  him,  asking  Jiim  why  he 
ftopt  to  write  what  he  forefaw  was  to  iiappen  in  this  Kingdom,  do 
you  doubt  of  wiiat  I  fay  to  you,  do  you  not  believe,  that  what  I 
iliy  to  you  is  as  certain  as  Truth  it  felf  ;  but  that  you  and  all  here 
may  be  convinced  of  it,  remove  from  me,  and  you  fhall  find  the 
Truth  of  it  confirmed  by  a  new  and  unheard  of  Proof;  which  they 
unwillingly  did,  leaving  notliing  in  the  Room  with  him  but  the 
lighted  Candles  ;  And  having  returned  after  fome  Stay,  big  with 
the  Expecftation  of fome  Prodigy  or  Miracle;  they  found  all  the 
Lights  put  out,  and  his  Body  lying  dead  upon  the  Floor ;  with 
which  with,  being  all  of  them  aftonifh'd,  they  lighted  the  Candles 
again,  and  put  the  Body  into  the  Bed,  promifing  to  keep  fecrec 
what  they  had  feen;  that  they  might  not  expofetlie  Impiety  of  his 
Life.  And  this  is  the  Subftance  of  what  Mr.  Hamilton  4ys  of  him, 
whofe  words  for  the  Reader's  Satisfadion,  I  fhall  here  infert,  concer- 
ning tlie  Manner  of  his  Death  {aj. 

"  Tandem  quod  gra^ioris  judicii  mox  fequuturi  argumentum  erat^ 

"  ridus  oris  in  iongum  ad  miram  ujque  deformitatem  extra£ltis,    ut 

"  faciem  canis  refereht,  ita  ejufdem  latratus  'vocem  fimillimam  red- 

*'  debat :  inde  linguam  qu£  fotifjimum  nocebat  'vox  dejlituit ;  nee  ita 

"  diu  pofi,    tabejcente  indies  corpore,    mors  patria  gratijjtma  fequuta 

"  ft'iit,  cujus  himc  fuijje  modum  narrarunt  it  qui  interfuerunt,  quiqua 

*'  adhuc  viventis  ultima  excipientes  verba,   projlratum  Jubito  corpus 

^'- excnimc  viderunt.      Jatebat  extremum  agens  Jpiritum,    animo  non 

*'  tarn  in  mortis  ^  peccaiorum  meditationem  quam  in  prajentis  hujus 

"  'y/V<e  (3"  ci-vilis  adminiftrationis  (iudium  intento  :  ajtabat  turba  nort 

"  ita  frequens,  eorum  modo  qui  ipjius  fententix  addi^ijjimi,  eum  fum- 

*'  mi  prophets  loco  ^venerabantur.     Hi   quum  non  aliter  quam  facro- 

"  Janlfa  oracula  ea  quA  in  'vita  dixerat  omnia  haberent,  turn  quod  ad 

*'  fupcrioris  dodfrin^e  conjirmationem,  ^  ad  fuam  ipforum  confoUtio- 

"  nem  fervire  pojjety  avide  expeilabant.     Injlabant  igitur  quo  'verba 

"  ilia  juprema  prioribus  digna  ^  confentanea,    ratione  aliqua  ab  to 

"  exprejja  audirent.     Hie  cum  ultimam  injlare  horam,    (S   proinde 

"  nullum  fibi  amplius  adjumentum  dijJimulatA  diu  Rcligionis  pr/ttex- 

"  tum  adfcrre  pojje  intelligerct,  fuljauditx  illtus  DtJeiplwA  quA  oceuU 

"  ta  prius   femper   habuit  ePkfyJleria,    palam  ^  deteHa,    ut  aiunti 

"  fronte  recludtt,  fimul  ^  injuflam  poteflatem  confcffus,  quit  tum  ar- 

*'  tms  contt'a  Reginam  ejedfam  dcfendebatur ;  ftmul  (f  mult  a  de  Regi- 

*'  nA  reditu,  ^  Religionis  rejlttutione  poll  fuum  e  'vivis  exctfjum  pro- 

^''  (aius.     Donee  tandem  fcnba  iUius  afioqui  eon  fill  ts  femper  intimus 

"  ^^^n  fubito  mutatam-pr&ceptoris  fententiam  miratus,    (^  cum  rnorhi 

"  'Vehement fa  delirium  pati  arbitrates  a  fcribendo  defifitt.  Jn  quern  i^e 

*'  con  tor  lis  oeulis  ($"  mult  a  'verborum  afperitate  fie  invehitur.     Homo 

**  niliili  tur  ccll'as  fcriberc,  qua: mens  pra'faga  in  regnum  hoc  eventu- 

K  k  1  "  ra 


i»)  k9l  «i. 


131  The  Lifi  o/JQHN  KNOX  the  Reformer.  Vol.  HI. 

rs^v^  u  r^^  provider,  an  inilii  cJiflidis  ?  An  non  (jiiac  loqiior  omnia  ccrro 
>*\^  "  cercius  furiira  cicdis  ?  At  enim  ut  fie  tibi  &c  aliis  tdftatum  rcddarri, 
"  qiiam  IicTC  qiix  niodo  dixi  cxploraca  habeam:  Eccc  cgrcdimini 
"  abs  me  omnes,  dc  brevi  temporis  momcnto  ca  omnid  confirmata 
"  novo  &  inaudito  argumento  rcddam.  SubdHCHnt  Je  tandem  (juan- 
"  quam  Agre^  folis  in  conclavi  reliitis,  luniinibus  accenps^  f^  mdt  qttafi 
"  vrodiamm  altqmd  accefturij  eodern  denuo  revertunttir  ubi  Imnna 
*'  extincia,  cadaver  wortuum^  ac  in  terram  ^rovolutum  vident.  Hic 
"  in  tam  horrenda  fpecie  attoniti  ^  b^rentes,  untis  qtiidarn  extindo- 
"  rum  luminum  unam,  alius  aliam  canfam  tacitns  apud  fe  cogitabaty 
*'  at  nemo  cuifaiU  abfurditas  videbatur,  njel  Juam  Jententiam  aperte 
"  dicere,  njel  quid  alter  jenttret  fcijcitari  audebat  :  'Tantum  demortn- 
"  um  corpus  in  Ic^ulum  reponunt,  mvicem  fibi  ne  ifta  a  quoquam  pa- 
"  lam  fierent  pr&cipientes ;  ne  quod  ab  abfurda  mortis  fpecie  ad  infimH- 
"  landam  impritatis  antea£lam  -vitam  argumentum  redundaret  ". 

F.  Alexander  Baillie,  a  Benedidine  Monk  fays  {a),  "That  fohn 
"  Knox  being  Chaplain  to  the  Laird  of  Balwiry,  and  having  mar- 
"  ried  a  Wife  albeit  a  Prieft;  and  confequently  obliged  to  Chaftity, 
"  yet  was  banidied  and  excommunicated  for  fuch  an  unheard  of 
*'  piece  of  Luft,  as  was  not  heard  tell  of  amongft  the  Gentiles,  that  is, 
"  that  he  had  carnal  dealing  with  his  own  Step-Mother,  and  Dr. 
"  Hamilton  accufes  him  of  the  fame  Crime,  Knox  fays  he  (  b),  a 
•'  Rene ff ate  Priefi  o/Haddingtoun  /»  Scotland,  who  was  Excommui- 
"  catefor  having  ado  with  the  c^other  and  the  T>aughter  in  an  Kill- 
"  logy,  and  thereafter  was  banijhed  for  the  ajjifiing  to  the  Murder  of 
"  the  Cardinal  Beaton  in  the  Caflle  of  St.  Andrews  ". 

Reginaldus  fays  (c)  "  That  Mr.  Knox  having  married  a  Lord's 
*'  Daughter  (  the  Lord  Ochiltrie  )  it  chanced  not  long  after  the 
"  Marriage,  that  fhe  lying  in  her  Bed,  and  perceiving  a  black  and 
"  uoly  Man  talking  with  him  at  the  Table  in  the  fame  Chamber, 
•'  was  fo  fuddenly  amazed,  that  fhe  immediately  took  Sicknefs ;  and 
"  fhe  told  this  to  two  Ladies  of  her  Acquaintance,  who  came  to 
♦'  vifit  her  before  her  Death.  Being  asked  of  the  Minifler  what  he 
*'  now  thought  of  their  Religion,  and  if  they  fhould  flill  adhere  to 
"  it,  made  a  Paufe  for  fome  Time,  and  then  bad  them  retire,  and 
«  call  again  at  fuch  an  Hour,  which  they  did,  but  when  they  came 
"  to  his  Chamber,  they  found  him  caftout  of  his  Bed,  lying  on  the 
•'  Floor,  his  Face  thrown  on  his  Neck,  and  now  dead". 

All  the  reft  of  the  RomifJ}  Writers  infift  upon  fuch  like  ridicu- 
lous Stories  that  are  altogether  improbable  i  fo  I  fhall  proceed  now 
to  the  Characfters  that  are  given  him  by  the  Writers  and  Members 
of  the  Church  of  England. 

Dodtor  Heylin  calls  Mr.  Knox  (d),  "  Tim  great  Incendiary  of  the 
*'  Nation  and  Kirk  0/ Scotland  ". 

Henry  Fowlis  ¥e\\ow  of  Lincoln  Colledge  in  Oxon  fays  (e),  "  That 
*'  Mr.  ICnox  was  a  Man  that  ftill  had  the  Misfortune  to  carry  War 

«  and 

(,*)  In  hit  true  Infoimiiion  Book   I.  Pige  41.     (4>  In  his  Rule  to  knOw  the  true  Religion,  pjge  60.     0)  In  hii  Calvin* 
■luimui,  Lib.  1.  C>r.  il'    W  Hift<  Quin).  Aicicul.  Bn.  3.  C.  it.  P.  }.  (')  In  tu<  Hift.  of  the  pictcndtd  Sts.  flelt  P.  4o: 


Vol.  HI.  The  Life  o/JOHN  KNOX  the  Reformer.  i^ 

"  and  Coiikinoii  aloni^ft  u'itli  him,  as  if  like  Hippocrates  Twins,  jy,^ 
"  he  and  tlicy  were  infeparable  ;  Witnefs  the  Combuftionshe  made~-^%^ 
"  at  Franckfort,  amongrt  the  poor  Englifh  Proteftants  fled  thither 
"  for  Religion,  where  he  was  not  undefervedly  accufcd  for  High- 
"  Treafon  againft  the  Ernperof,  comparing  him  in  print  to  Nero, 
"  and  calling  him  an  Enemy  to  Chrifi,  &c.  For  which  Crimes  he 
»'  was  forced  to  fculk  away  to  Geneva^  and  from  thence  to  Diep  in 
"  France,- and  after  that  from  Diep  to  Scotland ;  from  whence  after 
«  a  few  Weeks  Stay,  he  fled  back  to  Geneva,  but  not  fettling  there 
«  he  returned  to  Diep  again  :  And  having  by  his  Letters  excited 
"  the  Siots  to  Rebellion,  came  over  to  Scotland  again,  where  he 
"  carried  on  the  civil  War.  One,  fays  he  (a),  as  I  am  apt  to  believe 
«  all  Things  confidered,  zuho  gained  more  Ejfeem  amongfi  the  People 
"  by  the  Reverence  of  his  long  Beard  reaching  dozvn  to  his  middle,  than 
"  any  real  Wifdofn  or  Difcretion  that  could  be  appropriat  to  him  ".' 

Doctor  Johnfom  fays  (  b),  '<  That  he  was  famous  for  his  Go- 
"  thick  Devaftations  and  burning  of  Churches,  who  under  pretence 
"  of  Religion  deftroyed  the  ancient  Monuments  of  our  Faith  :  He 
«'  Sacrilegioufly  invaded  and  deftroyed  the  very  Bells  and  Roofs  of 
"  the  Churches,  and  fomented  the  Flame  of  our  InteftineDivifionS 
"  and  Animofities.  Verum  enimvero  (  fays  he  )  Joannes  Knoxius 
«  Templorum  inceadiis  ^  Vandalica  vafiitate  notijfimus,  qui  prifca 
"  pietatis  Monumenta  obtenttt  Religionis  diruit ;  campanas  ^  plum- 
«  bea  Ecclcfiarum  teiiaJacriUga  rapacitate  invafit,  imeflmis  dtljidiis 
"  accendendis  acerrimam  facem  pr&tulit  ". 

Bilhop  Spotifwood  fays,    "  That  he  was  certainly  a  Man  endued 
«  with  rare  Gitts,    and  a  chief  Inftrument  that  God   ufed  for  tiic 
"  Work  of  thofe  Times,  many  good  Men  have  difliked  fome  of  his 
"  Opinions,  as  touching  the  Authority  of  Princes,  and  the  Form  of 
"  Government,  which  he  laboured  to  have  eftablifhed  in  the  Church; 
"  vet  was  he  far  from  thefe  Dotages,  wherein  fome  that  would  have 
"'  been  thought  his  Followers  did  afterwards  fiill,  for  never  was  any 
«  Man  more  obfervant  of  Church  Authority  than  he,  always  urging- 
"  the  Obedience  o^  Minifl:ers  to  their  Superintendants,    for  whic^ 
"  he  caufed  diverfe  Ads  to  be  made    in  tiie  Aflcmblies  of  the 
"  Church,  and  fhowed  himfelf  fevere  to  the  Tranfgreflors  in  thefei 
"  Things,  iiowfoever  it  may  be  he  was  mifcarried,  we  muft  remem- 
**  ber  that  the  bcft  Men  have  their  Errors^    and  never  efteem  of 
"  any  Man  above  tiiat  which  is  fitting.     As  to  the  Hiftory  of  the 
"  Church  afcribcd  commonly  to  him,    the  fame  was  not  his  Work ' 
"  but  his  Name  fuppofed  to  gain  it  Credit,   for  befides  his  Scurril 
"  Difcourfeswe  find  in  it,  more  fitting  a  Comedian  on  a  Sta^^e  than 
"  a  Divine  or  Minifter,    fuch  as  Mr.  Knox  was,    and  the  %iteful 
"  Malice  that  Author  expreffcth  againft  tlie  QueCn  Regent,    fpea- 
♦'  king  of  one  of  our  Martyr's,  he  remitteth  the  Reader  toa'fiirrhei:' 
"  Declaration  of  his  Sufferings  to  the  A(5ls  and  Monuments  of  Mar- 
«  tyrs,  fct  forth  by  Mr.  Fox  an  Englifh  Man,    wiiich  came  nor  td 
L  1  -  Light 

(«;  Pjg<  ibid,    (t)  t^i.  flfii.  Hit  Pi|.  I.  •  I  I     I  t  » 


15+  The  Ltje  oj  JOHN  KNOX  the  Reformer.  Vol.  /I/. 

JJ^-'^  "  L\^\\t  fome  ten  or  twelve  Years  after  Mr.  Knoxs  Death.  A  greater 
^'■V^  "  Injury  could  not  be  done  to  the  Fame  of  that  worthy  Man,  thari 
"  to  Father  upon  him  the  ridiculous  Toyes  and  malicious  Detra- 
"  (ftions  contained  in  that  Book :  But  this  fhall  ferve  for  his  clea^ 
*'  ring  in  that  Particular.  He  died  the  lytii  oi  November^  in  the  6j 
*'  Year  of  his  Age,  and  had  his  Body  interr'd  in  the  Church- Yard  of 
«  St.  Giles  ". 

This  favourable  Charader  given  him  by  thcBifhop,  wc  fee  pro- 
ceeds from  his  not  believing  that  the  Hiftory  that  goes  under  Mr. 
Knoxs  Name  was  really  his ;  but  how  far  this  Prelate  is  miftakcn, 
will  appear  from  this,  in  the  Manufcript  Copy  of  Mr.  CaUerwood's 
Hiftory  in  the  Library  of  Glafgow^  giving  an  Account  of  the  Pro- 
ceedings of  the  Affembly  in  November  1 571,  he  fays  (a),  «  That 
"  Richard  Banantin  Mr.  Knoxs  Servant,  lately  deceafed,  prefented 
"  the  following  Petition  to  the  Aflembly  then  fitting,  J  your  Ser-vi- 
"  tor  Richard  Banantine,  Servant  to  your  umcjuhile  mojl  dearejl 
"  Brother^  Mr.  Knox  of  worthy  Memory^  that  whereas  it  is  not  un-^ 
*'  known  to  your  Wijdoms,  that  he  left  to  theTownandKirkofEdin- 
"  burgh,  his  Hijlory-,  containing  in  Effect  the  Beginning  and  Pro- 
"  ^rfjjr  of  Chrijl's  true  Religion^  now  of  God's  great  Mercy  ejlabli- 
"  fljed  m  this  Realm,  zvherein  he  hath  continued,  and  terfeilly  ended 
♦'  at  the  Tear  of  God  1 564  ;  So  that  of  Things  done  ly  him  f/nfyne, 
"  nothing  be  him  is  put  in  that  Form  and  Order,  as  he  has  done  the 
*'  former,  yet  not  the  lefs  there  are  certain  Scrolls,  Papers  and  (*y]4i' 
*'  nutes  of  Things  left  to  me  be  him,  to  ufe  at  my  Pieafure,  ivhereof 
"  one  part  are  ivritten  by  his  own  Hand  and  fuvfcribed  by  him,  and 
"  another  by  me  at  his  Command,  &c  ".  Then  he  goes  on  begging 
the  Aflemblies  Encouragement  towards  the  putting  thefe  Papers  in 
Order,  and  into  a  proper  Condition  to  be  otFcred  to  the  Publick, 
and  they  accordingly  ordered  the  faid  Richard  the  Sum  of  fourty 
Pounds,  to  be  paid  out  of  the  Cropt  of  1 571,  for  the  ailifting  fucfi 
learned  Men  as  the  Kirk  of  Edinburgh  would  appoint  for  that  Pur- 
pofe.  And  as  to  what  the  Bifhop  objedrs  concerning  Mr.  Fox% 
Book,  that  it  came  not  to  Light  till  about  ten  or  twelve  Years  after 
Knoxs  Deadi,  this  is  a  very  great  Miftake,  for  tho'  I  amperfwaded 
with  the  Author  of  Mr.  Sages  Life,  that  the  oldefl:  Copy  which  the 
Bifhop  faw  of  that  Book  was  of  that  Date,  it's  certain  as  Air.  Woodrow 
obferves  {b),  in  his  Letter  to  the  Bifhop  oiCarlifle,  that  the  ifl  Vo- 
lume of /oat's  Book  was  printed  in  Latin  at  Bafil  in  1558,  14  Years 
before  Knoxs  Death,  where  he  has  a  long  Account  of  that  Martyr's 
Death  (c),  which  is  mentioned  by  the  Bifliop;  and  the  Author  of  Mr. 
Sages  Life  {d)  hasobferved, ''  That  William  Reynolds  in  his  Refutation 
"  of  Whitaker,  cites  an  Edition  of  the  A(5ls  and  Monuments,  printed 
*'  at  London  1565.  And  they  are  cited  by  Stapelton  in  his  Preface 
*'  to  the  Tranflation  of  Bedes  Hiflory,  oAnno  i  ^6$.  And  Nii  oLms 
('  Harpsfield,  under  the  borrowed  Name  of  planus  Copus,    wrote 

«  and 

(«)  In  Bib.  Gljsg.  VoL  t  P>g.  jyy.  ScoJi  Hifloi.  J.ib.  Pjg.  191.     (.t)  Biflj.|  of  Culile  Scots  Hift.  Lib.  ApenJ.  No.  VI,' 


Vol  III.  The  Life  of  JOHN  KNOX  the  Reformer.  1 3 5 

"  and  printed  his  Dialogue  againft  them  ^nno  1554,  15(^5. .  And  'N^y^ 
rho'  there  be  rcveral  Interpolations  in  this  Hiftorj,  either  by  Banan-'^^^^r^ 
tine  or  Mr.  'David  Biichannan,  yet  Mr.  Woodrow  has  fhown  in  his 
Letter  to  the  Bifhop  of  Carlijle,  that  in  Mr.  ICnoxs  MS.  in  the  Col- 
lege of  Glajgozo^  there  are  fometliings  in  the  MS.  .that  arc 
omitted  in  the  printed  Copies,  that  fufficiently  (how  Mr.  Knoxs 
Spirit  and  Temper ;  Two  memorable  Inflances  of  which  I  fhall  eive 
here  :  The  firft  is  in  Pag.  loi.  of  tlie  printed  Copy,  where,  after 
thefe  Words,  Line  31.  Faitd  of  all  he  had  written,  the  MS.  has  this 
fevere  Refle(flion  upon  the  Queen ;  "  And  therefore  it  were  expe- 
*'  dicnt  that  her  Daughter  now  mifchicvoufly  reigning,  fhould  loolc 
"  to  that  which  pafTed  before,  leaft  that  in  followincr  the  Counfels 
"  of  the  Wicked,  fhe  end  more  miferably  than  her  crafty  Mother 
"  did".  The  other  is  in  Pag.  151  in  the  printed  Copy,  immediate- 
ly before  the  Words,  Vfon  the  16th  of  June,  in  the  MS.  there  is  thefe 
Words,  ''  God  for  his  great  Mercies  Sake  rid  us  of  the  reft  of  tht 
"  Guifian  Blood ;  Amen,  Amen.  For  of  the  Tyranny  of  the  Guifian 
"  Blood  in  her  that  for  our  Unthankfulnefs  now  reigneth  above  us, 
*♦  we  had  fufficient  Experience  ;  but  of  any  Virtue  that  ever  was 
*'  efpied  in  King  James  V.  (whofe  Daughter  fhe  is  called)  to  this 
*'  Hour  we  have  never  an  Spe(5lacle  to  appear. 

Now  from  all  diat  we  have  faid  of  Mr.  Knox  from  his  own  Hi- 
ftory,  it  is  very  plain,  that  he  maintained  that  the  DocStrine  of  de- 
fenfive  Arms  was  neceffary,  that  Paflive  Obedience  or  Non-Refiftance 
was  finful,  when  the  People  had  Means  for  Refiftance  ;  that  the 
primitive  Chriftians  affifted  their  Preachers  againft  the  Rulers  and 
Magiftrates,  wherefoever  God  gave  them  Force,  that  the  Judicial 
Law  of  (^ofes  in  many  confiderable  Inftances  continued  rtill  obli- 
gatory ;  particularly  that  the  Laws  puniihing  Adultery,  Murder  and 
Idolatry  with  Death  were  ftill  binding ;  that  in  Obedience  to  thefe 
Laws  that  Sentence  was  to  be  executed,  not  only  on  Subjecfbs,  buc 
on  Sovereigns :  That  the  Sacred  Fundlion  of  the  Priefthood  pro- 
ceeded from  an  immediate  Call  from  God,  and  did  not  require  the 
Ceremony  of  Imposition  of  Hands.  And  as  thefe  were  the  Do<5lrines 
he  taught,  fo  he  lived  conform  to  tliem,  being  an  open  and  avowed 
Rebel  to  his  Princefs,  giving  her  to  her  Face  the  mod  abufive  and 
infulting  Language  that  his  Malice  could  fuggeft ;  incenfing  her 
Subjeds,  and  denouncing  his  Judgments  againft  her  with  the  Air 
of  a  Prophet,  which  by  his  Contrivances  and  fecret  Inteli^ence, 
with  the  black  and  hellifh  Defigns  of  his  Party,  often  came  to  pafs, 
wliich  confirmed  the  common  People  in  the  Opinion  of  his  being 
infpired  with  the  Spirit  of  God  i  and  from  this  bold  Prefumption  he 
aflumed  to  himfelf  the  facred  Office  of  the  Priefthood  :  But  Homt 
far  he  was  from  having  the  Spirit  of  the  Meek  and  Holy  Jefus  in 
liim,  will  appear  from  his  horrid  Prayers»  or  rather  Imprecations 
againfl  his  Knemies :  When  addrefUng  himfelf  to  God  ALmighty, 
he  prays  (<<),   *«  That  "he  would  for  his  great  Alercie*  Sake  ftir  up 

L  I  1  feme 

•-- ' -•    — 

(*;  U  Im  Adnoo.  ta  di«  fral  of  Hm  Tratb  M«i|hatf. 


J 56  The  Life  of  ]OHN  KNOX  tht  Reformer.  Vol.  I/Jf. 


rv/^v^-\ 


"  fomc  Phineasy  Elias  or  Jehu,  that  the  Blood  of  abominable  Iclo- 
v^-^'  «  laters  may  pacify  God's  Wrath,  that  it  confiimc  not  the  whf)l6 
"  Multitude,  (iArnen.  (^)Reprers  the  Pride  of  thofc  Hlortd-thirflvr 
"  Tyrants ;  confume  them  in  thine  Anger,  according  to  the  Kcproacfi 
*'  wfiich  tliey  have  laid  againft  thy  holy  Name :  Pour  forth  thy 
"  Vengeance  upon  them,  and  let  our  Eyes  behold  the  Blood  of  thd 
"  Saints  required  at  dicir  Hands :  Delay  not  thy  Vengeance,  O  Lord, 
"  but  let  Death  devour  them  in  hafle  :  Let  the  Earth  fvvallow  them 
"  up,  and  let  them  go  down  quick  to  Hell,  for  there  is  no  Hope 
"  of  their  Amendment :  The  Fear  and  Reverence  of  thy  holy  Name 
"  is  quite  banifhed  from  their  Hearts ;  and  therefore  yet  again, 
"  O  Lord  confume  them,  confume  them  in  thine  Anger.  Upon 
which  Prayers  the  learned  and  worthy  Mx.Sage  (/>)  has  this  Rcfledti- 
on  ;  "  Let  the  World  judge  (fays  he)  if  fuch  Prayers  favour  of  a 
■"  Gofpel  Spirit  :  Was  this  loving  our  Enemies,  or  blefling  them 
"  that  curfe  us,  or  praying  for  them  that  defpitefully  ufe  us  ?  Was 
"  this  like  forgiving  others  their  Trelpades,  as  we  would  wi(h  our 
*'  own  Trefpades  to  be  forgiven  ?  Was  this  like,  Father  forgive  thewy 
"  for  they  know  not  what  they  do  ;  or,  Lord,  lay  not  this  Sin  to  their 
"  Charg^e.  Did  Mr.  iCnox  confider  or  know  what  Manner  of  Spirit 
"  he  was  of,  when  he  offered  fuch  Petitions  to  God  Almighty  ? 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

I.  'T^  HE  Htftory  of  the  Reformation  of  the  Church  of  Scotland, 

J.       London  1 584  in  4to,  in  Folio;  and  4to  1644. 
H.  T^ie  fir  ft  Blaft  of  the  Trumpet  againft  the  rnonftrom  Regiment  of 
Women.,  Francfort  1558  in  8vo. 

III.  yin  ^nfwer  to  an  jlnabaptift's  Cavillations  againft  Predeftinati- 

on,  London  1 591,    in  8vo. 

IV.  The  appellation  0/" John  Knox  from  the  cruel  and  moft  unjuft 

Sentence  pronounced  againft  him  by  the  falfe  Bifhops  and  Clergy 
of  Scotland,  vAth  his  Supplication  and  Exhortation  to  the  No- 
bility, States  and  Commonality  of  the  fame  Realm,  Geneva  i  ')')%y 
8vo,  and  zvith  the  Folio  and  4to  Edition  of  his  Hiftory. 

V.  y^  Letter  and  Admonition  to  the  true  Profejjors  of  the  Cofpel  of 

Chrift  within  the  Kingdom  of  England,   faid  to  be  printed  at 

Rome,  tho'  really  at  Gene'va  1554,  and  with  the  folio  Edition 

of  his  Works. 
VI-  The  Admonition  of  John  Knox  to  his  beloved  Brethren  the 

Commonality  of  Scotland,    Ibid. 
VII.  A  Letter  delivered  to  §lHeen  Mary  Regent  of  Scotland  from 

John  Knox  Minifter  ofGod's  Word,    in  the  Tear  of  our  Lord 

I  '$'$6.     And  thereafter  augmented  and  explained  by  the  Author 

in  the  Tear  of  our  Lord  1 558,  ibid. 

VIII.  A 

■  ■ —  I        •  — — — I 

(«)  Ibid,    (i)  Fuiul.  Qhutcr  oi  PfCib.  P.  3};. 


—  I      -   ■ ---■  -----  -  --  IMllrBB   ■■       I 

Vol.  III.  T'hc  Catalogue  of  his  Works.  I^y 

VIII.  A  Sernjon  upon  Ifaiali  26.  Ferje  14.  15,  i(5,  17.    ibid.  -^.^ 

IX.  j4n  jlrijiuer  to  a  Letter-  written  Ij  James  Tyre  a  Jejuite,  Edin-^''N'*v 

burgli  1 5<^^  '"^  8vo. 

X.  yi  Treatife  agatnfl  the  Anabaptifis.     See  M-.  Knoxs  Life  by 

David  Buchanan,  brefxed  to  the  Folio  Edition  of  his  Hifiors. 

XI.  Tivo  'Treatifes  agatnfi  the  o^afs,  ibid. 

XII.  A  Treatife  upon  the  Eucharifi^   ibid. 

XI II.  Sermons  upon  Genelis,    ibid. 

XIV.  Sermons  upon  the  Pfalms,    ibid. 

XV.  An  Exhortation  to  all  abided  Churches,  ibid. 

XVI.  An  Ad'vice  in  Time  of  Trouble.,  ibid. 

XVII.  Form  of  Church  T>ifcipline  in  SpotfwoodV  Hifiory,  Pag.  1 52, 
to  Pag.  174. 

XVin.  Mr.  Knox  his  Confejjion  of  his  Faith. 

XIX.  A  Treatife  upon  Tredefination,  vide  Calderwood's  Hiflory. 

XX.  His  Liturgy,  Edinburgh  1635,  in  8vo. 


THE 

LIFEofJOHN  RUTHERFOORV, 

Profeffor  of  Philofophy  in  the  Univerfity 
of  St*  Andrews; 

HIS  Gentleman  was  born  at  Clafgozv  (a),  and  had    hii  Buth, 
his  Education  at  that  Univerfity;  where,  after  lie  "on. 
had  finifhed  the  Courfe  of  his  Studies,  he  became 
fo  famous  for  his  Knowledge  in  Philofophy,  that 
^_^^  lie  was  chofen  by  the  Univerfity  of  St.  Andreivs  v^^f^'^^*^* 

to  be  one  of  their  ProfelTofs,  where  he  taught  for  fome  Years  mi\\l^'^^!^^^,l, 
great  Applaufe ;    and  nothing  can  give  us  a   greater  Idea   of  his 
Worth  and  Merit,  than  his  being  Mafter  of  that  Wonder  and  Pro- 
digy of  his  Age,  the  great  and  admirable  Crichton :  Our  Author 
dciigniii'T  to  improve  himfelf  by  Travelling  and  Converfation  with 
the  ^learned  ProfefTors   of  the    Univerfities  in    foreign  Countries, 
rcfigned  his  Place  in  die  Univerfity  of  St.  Andrews,  and  went  over 
to  Paris,  about  die  Year  1551,  where  he  became- acquainted  with 
all  the  learned  Men  there  :  And  his  Fame  and  Reputation  having 
reached  as  far  as  Portugal,  he  received  an  Invitation  from  die  King 
of  Porr«^rt/ to  teach  Philofophy  in  the  Univerfity  o(  Conimbria^p^^'fl'^Zi' 
which  he  accepted  of}  but  he  had  not  been  long  there,  when  thel^'[t^J^y.^ 
Monks  and  Friars  begun  to  fu(pe(fl,  that  in  Matters  of  Religion  he«' ^""fi. 
iiad  the  fame  Sentiments  with  iiis  Country-man  Buchanan,    and  he 
narrowly  cicapcd  from  being  put  into  the  Inquificion;   This  rigorous 

M  m  Treat- 


(*J  S*«  UimrRv,  L'b.  Ifi.  J*.  J«5.  ""i  th»  P'cIk:*  K>  '"»  toi'tl"  •«>*  Potlif. 


[38  The  Life  of  ]OUN  K\JTHEK¥00 R  i),  Vol.  Iff. 


^^^"'^   Trcacmcnt  ^avc  liim  fucli  a  Difgiift  of  the  Bigotry  and  Cruelty  oF 

'-^V*^    the  Clergy  m  that  Country,  that  he  rcfolvcd  to  return  to  Ins  own 

Country  :'   And  having  got  tlic  Occafion  oF  a  Ship  that  was  bound 

for  Britain,  lie  got  the  Kind's  Licence  to  return.     After  his  Arrival 

to  I'JiZ'j'  in  Scotland^    lie  was  earneflly  importuned  to  accept  of  liis  former 

!nadc'p?ofc'f"  Station  in  t!ie  Univerlity  of  St.  Andrews^  which  was  tlicn  become 

fophy at  St".' vacant  :  And  he  tells  us,  that  nothing  could  have  induced  him  to 

""''"""■     accept  of  this  toilfonie  Employment  out  the  Good  of  his  Country, 

die  careful  Education  of  Youth  being  of  no  (Inall  Confcqucncc  to 

die  Common- Wealth. 

I  have  fcen  of  tliis  Author's,  his  four  Boolcs  upon  Ar\foile\  Lo- 
.^his*woTs!  Clicks,  and  his  Commentary  upon  Arifiotles  Book  of  I'oetry  ;  and 
Vcnipfter  gives  us  an  Account  of  fome  others,  whicii  he  (cems  to 
have  read,  bv  the  Chara(5Fers  that  he  gives  of  them  :  Eor  he  tells 
us  (d),  Th.at  in  hisComparifon  betwixt  Ariftotle^  Philofophy  and 
rbtos,  he  refutes  his  Country-man  and  Friend  John  'DempJIer, 
that  there  cannot  bealearneder  and  more  laborious  Work  than  his 
Collation  of  the  Philofophy  of  the  Scotijis  and  T'homifls^  and  that 
his  publick  Declamations  which  he  had  at  Paris  ^ndConimhria  were 
printed  by  WechiUus. 

Amongfl  all  the  Works  of  Arijlotle,  that  of  his  Art  of  Poetry 
jhe  Hiftory  j^^^.^  ^^^^^  ^^jj^  iilways  bc  ertcem'd  a  Mafter-Piecc ;  and  fince  we  can- 
omedy."'"  not  give  an  Account  of  all  the  different  Sorts  of  Poetry  that  Arifotle 
treats  of  in  this  incomparable  Book,  I  fhall  only  give  an  Account 
of  the  Rules,  Rife  and  Progrefs  of  the  Comedy  wTiich  he  treats  of 
in  the  5tli  Chapter,  and  which  is  the  great  Diverfion  of  the  young 
Gentlemen  of  this  Age. 

yirijlotle  tells  us  in  his  Third  Cliapter,  diat  rhe  Megarians  who 
lived  in  the  Neighbourhood  of  Athens,  pretended  that  the  Come- 
dy had  its  firft  Ri('e  in  their  popular  State  .;  but  the  i^^'Iegarians  in 
Sicily  contended  that  it  had  its  firft  Rife  amongfl;  them,  becaufe  the 
Poet  Epicharnms  was  ancienter  than  Chionides,    and  that  a^lii^nes 
was  a  Sicilian  -.  And  Snidas  tells  us,   tliat  Epicharmns  had  the  Ho- 
aiour  of  being  a  Difciple  of  Pythagoras  {b),  and  that  he  and  Phor- 
mtts  were  the  firft  that  invented  Comedy  in  Syracufe:  But  Ariftotle 
clfewhere  tells  us,  that  it  owes  its  firfl:  Rife  to  the  Burlejque,  or  the 
ridiculinjT  the  A<flions  of  Mankind.     And  therefore  a  modern  Critick 
fays,  in  Tiis  ReHedlions  upon  Ariftotles  Poetry  {c\  That  Comedy  is 
an  Image  of  common  Life,  its  End  is  to  fhoio  on  the  Stage  the  Faults 
of  Particulars,    in  Order  to  amend  the  Faults  of  the  Publick,  and  to 
correii  the  people  through  a  Fear  of  being  rendred  ridiculous.     The 
Tame  Ariflotle  tells  {d),    That  the  firfl:  Comedians  were  a  Pack  of 
lewd  Fellows,    who  went  traloping  amongft  the  Country  Viilai^es, 
finging  lafcivious  Songs  for  the  Diverfion  o(  the  common  People, 
for  the  Magiftrates  of  the  Cities  would  not  admit  of  them,    but  at 
length  they  were  received  in  Athens ;  and  there  was  an  Archon,  or 
fupreme  Magiftrate  who  had  the  particular  Infpedion  over  them, 

and 

(,<•)  Otmpft,  ubi  fupn,    ifi)  SuiJ.  in  iipichct,    (0  Mr.  Rai-is.    (<<)  Cap.  y 


Vol.  111.  Projcjjor  of  Philofophy  at  St.  Andrews.  i?^ 

and  gave  them  the  Chorus,  as  y^rijiotle  fays ;  that  is,  bouglit  tlieir  'Jjf^ 
Peitoimances,  and  furnifhed  them  in  all  the  necefTar  Expcnces  for'^>Arf* 
ti(fbinc;  their  Comedies,  wliicli  by  this  Time  was  formed  upon  Rules 
in  Iniitation  of  the  Tragedy  :  That  is  to  fay,  There  was  obferved 
in  Comedy,  as  well  as  in  Tragedy  the  Decencies  of  Places,  of  Times, 
and  of  Peifons  ;  and  fince  that  Time  there  is  fome  more  certain 
Knowledge  about  the  Poets,  that  contributed  to  the  perfe(5ling 
of  it.  For  Epicharmus  and  Phormus  were  the  firft  who  gave 
to  their  Comedies  a  due  Form  and  Siiape,  treating  their  Subjeds 
with  the  fame  Art  and  Method  that  the  Tragedians  did  theirs :  But 
both  thefe  Poets  Works  are  loft,  and  of  Fifty  five  Comedies,  or 
Thirty  five,  as  others  affirm,  that  were  compofed  by  Epicharrnus. 
We  know  nothing  of  their  Charaifler,  but  that  Horace  commends 
Plautus  for  imitating  him  (a). 

Plautus  ad  excmplum  Siculi  prop&are  Epicharmi- 

Afranius  pows  us  [oft  MenanderV  Bame, 
u4nd  Plautus  rituals  Epicharmus  Fame. 

Crat'tnus  was  the  firft  who  took  out  all  the  grofs  Raileries  and 
fcurrilous  Refledtions  from  the  Comedy,  and  made  it  fit  for  the 
Entertainment  of  a  civil  Audience  :  He  flourifhed  in  the  8l  Ohm- 
piad  (b),  about  450  Years  before  our  Saviour.  Yet  notwithftanding 
of  liis  Refinement,  the  Comedy  ftill  retained  too  many  Marks  of 
its  rude  Original,  for  Perfons  and  Vices  were  expofed  in  bare  faced 
Satyr,  and  the  chief  Magiftrates  of  the  Common- Wealth  ridiculed 
by  Name  upon  the  Stage.  For  we  find  even  in  Cratinus  own  Plays 
in  Plutarch's  Life  of  Pericles,  feveral  Paflages  wiiere  lie  reflc(fts 
boldly  on  that  great  General,  who  at  the  fame  Time  by  his  Elo- 
quence, and  his  Arms,  reigned  almoft  abfolute  Maftcr  of  u4thens. 
This  Dramatick  Poet  is  faid  to  have  been  an  exceflive  Drinker,  and 
ro  cxcu(e  iiimfelf,  he  faid.  That  it  was  abfolutely  neceflary  to  the 
warming  of  his  Fancy,  and  the  putting  a  Vigour  and  Soul  in  his 
Verfes :  And  from  thence  Horace  takes  the  Occafion  to  fliow  what 
fhorr  lived  Creatures  the  OfF-fpring  of  Water  Poets  commonly 
prove. 

Prifco  fi  credas,  (^c.  (c). 

(^My  Lord  if  what  Cratinus  /^j/  he  ri^ht,  > 

l^hofe  Verfes  cannot  live,  thofe  Lines  delight,  S 

Whfch  Water  Drinkers  pen ;  in  vain  they  write.  * 

For  ere  ftnce  Bacclius,  did  in  ivild  Dcfign,  ^ 

With  Fauns  and  Satyrs  half  mad  Poets  join,  S 

*The  Mujes  every  c^orning  [melt  of  Wine.  > 

From  Homer's  Praife,  his  Love  of  Wine  appears, 

<i/ind  Ennius  never  dard  to  write  of  Wars  ; 

Ttli  heated  well,  let  Jober  Dottard's  choofe, 

The  plodding  Law,  but  never  tempt  a  Mttfe. 

^  M  m  1  Thii 


(«)  Hum.  Lib.  ».  J  p,8.  I.  ,.  ^,    i»)  u  PMl4t  AiJ.  r«/.  M.  t>ui»t,  t.  ty    (0  H»r.  Lib.  i.  Epil  if. 


140  The  Life  o/jOHN  RUTHLRFOORD,         Vol.  lit 

/^yv-^  Tfc/V  L(tti^  once  made,  the  Poets  Jlraight  iegiri, 

J\Uv  q'hey  drunk  all  Night-,  all  Day  theyjrnelt  of  Wine. 

Crccclie's  Horace. 

AnJ  aAriJlo^hanes  gives  lis  a  pleafant  Account  of  Cratintit 
Death  {a\  which  he  lays,  Was  occaftond  by  the  Sight  of  a  noble 
Cask  of  Wine  fplit  in  Pieces,    and  the  Liquor  laviJUy  wafhing  the 

Streets. 

Much  about  the  fiimc  Time  with  Cratinus,  lived  anotlier  SDr^- 
matick  Poet  called  Eupolis,  who  in  the  17th  Year  of  his  Age,  ven- 
tured to  fhow  himfelf  upon  the  Theatre }  this  Poet  in  his  Come- 
dies was  much  more  fevere  and  impartial  than  Cratinus,  for  Peri- 
cles and  Cinion  being  the  two  oppofite  Patriots,  and  the  two  lea- 
din^T  Men  in  the  City  of  Athens,  in  thofe  Times  Cratinus,  tho'  he 
expofed  Pericles,  yet  fhewed  a  great  Refped  for  Cimon,  and  com- 
mended him  in  fome  Verfes  cited  by  Plutarch,  whereas  Eupolis 
fpared  neither  Party,  but  ridiculed  both  thefe  great  Captains ;  but 
all  that  we  have  ot  this  Poet,  is  only  the  Names  of  his  Come- 
dies. 

About  twelve  or  fifeteen  Years  after  thefe  two  Poets,  Ariflopha- 
nes  appeared  upon  the  Theatre,  many  of  this  Poet's  Comedies  arc 
ftill  extant ;  that  for  which  he  is  defervedly  blamed,  both  by  the 
Antients  and  Moderns,  is,  that  in  his  Comedy  called  the  Clouds^ 
he  endeavours  to  expofe  Socrates,  tlie  wifefl:  and  the  beft  Man 
amonft  the  Athenians,  for  maintaining  the  Unity  of  the  God-head. 
The  Occafion  of  diis  Comedy,  if  we  may  believe  u£lian,  was,  that 
j4n)tus  and  the  reft  of  them  who  had  laid  the  Plot  againft  Socrates 
Life,  were  not  fo  fenfelefs  as  to  imagine  that  the  Judges  would  be 
very  willin"  to  receive  an  Impeachment  of  the  wifeft  and  the  beft 
of  Men,  therefore  they  concluded,  that  the  beft  way  ftiould  be  to 
prepare  the  Minds  of  the  oAthentans,  by  raifing  tiie  Scandal  by 
Decrees.  In  order  to  this  they  hired  Ariflophanes,  with  the  Confi- 
deration  of  a  good  round  Sum  of  Money  to  expofe  the  Philofopher 
on  the  Sta^e,  and  defired  him  to  reprefent  Socrates  as  an  imperti- 
nent Virtuofo,  and  a  triftling  Difputant,  one  that  could  argue  pro 
and  con  at  his  Pleafure,  and  prove  Right  Wrong,  and  Wrong  Right 
with  the  fame  Breath,  and  efpecially  to  reprefent  his  Impiety,  in 
dei!yin<T  the  common  Deities,  and  bringing  in  new  ones  of  his  own. 
The  poor  Poet  who  could  not  refift  fuch  a  powerful  Argument  as  a 
good  Sum  of  Money,  falls  to  Work  according  to  their  Dired:ions,  and 
compofes  this  Comedy,  for  which  j£ltan  fays  he  got  the  Prize, 
and  an  univcrfal  Applaufe  :  But  he  is  certainly  miftaken,  as  we  learn 
from  oAnftophanes  himfelf,  for  that  Par  aba/Is  inferted  in  the  Chorus 
betwixt  the  hrft  and  fecond  Ads  in  tJie  fame  Comedy,  is  notliing 
but  a  dircift  Addrefs  made  by  the  Poet  to  the  People  commending 
himfelf,  as  the  moft  experienc'd  Man  in  his  Art,  and  this  for  the 
beft  of  all  his  Pieces ;  and  at  the  fame  Time  he  complains  of  their 

Unkindnefs, 


^}  la  jkit  Ucw. 


Vol.  ill.  Frofejjor  of  Phtlofophj  at  St.  Andrews.  r^r 

Uiikindncls,  tliat  with  all  tliefe  Advantages  tliey  fhould  have  hifr'd'>^v^ 
his  Play  off  the  Stage,  and  deny 'd  him  the  publick  Tefti.mony  and^^N^ 
Reward;   this  was  the  Keafon  why  he  corieaed  this  Comedy,    in 
cafe  of  a  fccond  Tryal,  and  added  this  Speech  by  way  of  Expoftu- 
lation  with  the  Audience,  and  to  beg  a  n.ore  favourable  Sentence, 
and  tlicrefore  that   incomparably  learned   Lady,    Madam  Dacier, 
had  Reafon,  according  to  the  picfent  Laws  of  the  Theatre,  in  her 
TranHation  of  this  Comedy,    to  place  this  Difcourfe  as  a  Prologue 
before  it,  and  indeed  it  is  no  Wonder  that  it  fhould  have  been  bif- 
fed off  the  Theatre  by  fuch  a  wife  People  as   the  oAthenians  were  • 
if  we  confider  the  whole  Plot  and  Conducft  of  the  Play  i    And  in  all 
his  other  Plays  he  fhows  himfelf  to  have  been  a  downrifrjit  Athcift 
and  Bufoon,  and  Plutarch  whofe  Senfe  and  Judgment  is  defervedly 
admired  by  all  Men  fays  {n\    That  Arifbphanes  makes  uje  of  hfe 
fcarriloHS  and  naujcous  Language,  &nd  noiv  and  then  affcCls  a  Tragi- 
cal Stile,    that  he  obfer'ves   not   the  Difference  of  the    Tcrfons  that 
fpcak,  nor  apply s  Thoughts  and  Words  accordingly  ;    hut  luithout  any 
Nature  or  Decorum,    brings  in  Gods,     Heroes,    Kings,     Citiz^enSy 
old  Men  and  Women,  Fathers  and  Sons  alfo,    exactly  tike  one  another 
in  their  Phrafe  and  Talk,  that  they  have  nothing  in  the  World  .to  di- 
Jlinguifh  them  but  their  Habit,   that  his  Jokes  wound  and  exulcerat 
injiead  of  curing,  that  he  nenjer  attempts  any  Charailer,  but  he  is  fure 
tofpoil  it;  TV h tie  if  he  is  to  reprefent  a  cunning  Fellow,    he  does  nop. 
znake  him  politick,  but  dt)im  right  wicked ;  if  a  Country  Man,  tnftead 
of  describing  his  Ignorance  and  Caution,  he  gives  us  the  Pi^iure  of  a 
weer  Fool ;  if  he  raifes  Laughter  in  the  Audience,    it  proceeds  from 
the  Dulnefs  of  the  fejl,    and  is  direBed  not  againfl  the  Subjeil  but 
againf  the  Poet ;  and  if  he  is  to  defcribe  thefo/t  Pajjion  of  Love  from 
Mirth  and  Gaiety,    he  turns  it  to  Loojnejs  and  immodefi  Freedom. 
Mr.  Kennet  who  has  drawn  us   this  Cliarader  of  Ariflophanes  from 
Plutarch  (b),  endeavours  to  wipe  it  off  the  Poet,  and  throw  it  upon 
the  Times,    and  I  am  fure  the  Poet  had  not  fuch  a  mean  Opinion 
of  his  own  perfonal  Accomplifhments,    for  in  the   Chorus  between 
the  fecond  and  third  Adls  of  \m  oAchamian,  they  put  the  Audience 
in  Mind  of  the  great  Things  that  the  Poet  had  done  to  the  City  by 
the  Power  of  his  Comick  Mufe. 

It's  for  his  Sake  (  fav  they)  the  SpahsLnsfeem  inclind, 

To  beg  vEgina,  and  invite  a  Peace, 

Not  that  they  value  the  poor  f pot  of  Ground; 

'But  hope  that  Claim,  mufi  rob  you  of  your  Poet  : 

This  is  the  (^Man,  who  blcffd  you  with  his  Servict, 

And  taught  the  wrangling  Tribes  to  ufe  their  Towir^ 

And  now  your  tributary  Friends  from  far. 

Flock  to  the  Town,  to  fee  the  (acred  Poet, 

Who  dares  fpeak  'Truth,  and  hazjard  Life  for  fujiice  t 

So  far  his  bold  Exploits  havejpred  his  Fame, 

N  II  That 


C<)  In  bU  CCaf .  of  Ailft|  u4  Mcii4ad«r    (»}  Urn  c<  tht  Crtctea  Petit. 


1 41  Tl^e  Life  oZ-JOHN  RUTHERFOORD,  Vol-  Hf 


f\»/^^/-> 


T^bat  zvhen  the  mighty  Pcrfian  Monarch  held^ 


*AAi'  77;f  Spartan   Envois,  loond'ringat  his  QjiepionSy 

Hefirfi  demanded  which  o  th"  Rival  States, 
Rid  thief  <tt  Sea,  and  next,  luhich  People  livd, 
Vnder  the  wife  Correal  ion  of  our  yluthor. 
For  they  cryd,  the  great  King  nrnft  needs  reform^ 
And  while  they  take  the  Poet  to  their  CoHnjels, 
Vnder  his  Conduit  may  command  the  World. 

B.  Kennet. 

But  after  all  that  can  be  fuiJ  either  for  or  againfl:  him,  it  is  cer- 
tain that  if  a  Man  were  to  attempt  a  Chara<iter  of  Arifophanes 
Comedies  in  our  Times,  He  would  certainly  begin  (  fays  Mr.  Kennet  ) 
with  telling  us,  that  vje  mufi  not  expeii  there  the  Ntcety  of  Rules,  and 
the  regular  Condudi  which  has  added  Jo  many  Graces  to  the  modern 
Stage,  for  tn  all  his  Pieces^  except  the  Plutiis  and  the  Clouds,  the 
new  Criticks  might  look  in  vain  for  their  Vnities  and  their  Ordo- 
nance,  ivhich  perhaps  was  one  Reajon,  why  Madam  Dacier  thought 
not  the  reft  ft  to  be  put  in  her  Country  Garb  ;  becaufe  in  them  only 
he  feems  as  much. a  French  Man  in  Contrivance,  as  her  Tranfation 
makes  him  in  Language,  thd  zuithout  Doubt  her  main  Argument  for 
(lopping  at  thefe  two,  was  becauje  all  the  reft  fmell  fo  flrongly  of  the 
rude  and  debauched  Original  of  the  Art,  as  very  often  to  offend  the 
Chaftity  of  common  Ears,  and  much  more  the  Modefy  of  a  Lady. 
And  Arifttotle  iiimfelf  complains  (a),  that  the  Theatre  in  the 
Matter  of  Comedy  in  his  Time,  was  not  come  to  that  Perfedlion 
and  Chaflity  which  he  requires  in  Comedy,  tor  fays  he,  Ai^  forts 
of  Motions  are  not  to  be  blamed,  more  than  all  Sorts  of  Dances,  but 
only  lafcivious  and  effeminate  Motions,  as  thofe  that  Callippides  zuas 
reproached  zuith,  and  ivhich  vje  reproach  our  Comedians  at  this  Day 
witht  ivho  feem  to  aff^ed  the  Gefiures  of  debauched  and  com.mon  Strum- 
pets. And  in  the  lame  Chapter  he  tells  us,  that  tlie  /ame  Callippi- 
des and  the  Comedian  Pindar,  for  their  Excefs  in  their  Gefticula- 
tions  were  called  Apes,  efpecially  Callippides,  who  had  this  Epi- 
thet firfl:  given  to  him  by  Munifcus  :  Now  Munifcus,  Callippides  and 
Pindar  were  three  Comedians  that  had  a  great  deal  of  Reputation; 
Munifcus  who  was  the  ancienteft  of  them  all,  reproached  Callippi- 
des with  this  Epithet  of  the  Ape,  for  he  was  fucii  a  Mimick,  that 
the  leaft  Gefture  did  not  efcape  him  :  So  that  his  Name  became 
a  Proverb,  for  one  who  laboured  much  without  moving  from  his 
Place,  and  performed  nothing ;  and  upon  this  was  founded  the 
Raillerie  pad  upon  Ttberius  (b),  whom  they  jeftingly  called  Cal- 
lippides, becaufe  every  Year  he  made  great  Preparations  for  a  Voy- 
age that  he  was  to  undertake,  and  Vows  and  Sacrifices  were  made 
for  his  happy  Return,  tho'  he  never  ftirred  from  Rome.  Vt  vulgo 
jam  per  jocum  {Jays  Suetonius  )  Callippides  vocaretur,  emem  curft- 
tarC)  ac  rie  cubiti  quidem  menfuram  progredi,  proverbio  Graco  nota 


tt'm 


(4)  Ctup.  17.    (0  Suciun  Tibt 


Vol.  ill.  I'rojCjiOr  of  Fhtlojophy  at  ^^f.  Andrews,  i^^ 

turn  c (I.  And  before  Tihertus,  Cicero  (a),  part  the  Tefl  in  the^^ 
fame  Aianner  upon  Varro,  who  promifed  to  dedicate  his  Books  ^'V^ 
upon  t!ie  Latin  Tongue  to  him,  writing  to  his  Friend  y/tticus.  Its 
about  two  Tcctrs  jays  he,  fince  this  Caliippides  has  been  always  run- 
ninf,'  and  never  has  advanced  fo  much  as  a  Cubit  length.  *'  Bien- 
"  mum  lam  pr&teriit  cum  tile  Callippides  ajtduo  curfu  cubitum  nul- 
«  lum  procejjerit ".  And  yet  this  Poet  was  fo  puffed  up  witli  his 
own  Reputation  and  Merit,  that  walking  one  Day  in  a  Place  where 
King  Jgcfilaus  was,  and  feeing  that  King  take  no  notice  of  him, 
lie  liad  the  Impudence  to  fay  to  him,  Sir,  do  not  you  know  me  ? 
Have  they  not  told  you  what  Jam  ?  To  which  the  King  replied,  ^rc 
not  you  a  Comedian  ?  . 

So  the  Summe  of  the  Rife  and  Progrefs  of  the  Crucian  Comedy 
to  the  Days  of  ^rifiotle,  is,  that  at  firft  it  confifted  in  the  Lewd  and 
lafcivious  Entertainments  of  the  Vulgar,  then  it  received  the  Form 
of  a  fatyrical,  ridiculing  and  Burlefquing  of  Mankind,  and  ^the- 
nms  tells  us,  that  Hipponax  was  the  firft  who  fucceeded  in  this,  and 
u4ripotle  fays  [b),  that  Hegemon  was  next,  who  was  fo  admirable  a 
Compofer  and  Adlor  himlelf,  that  one  Day  when  the  People  o( 
Athens,  and  all  the  Inhabitants  of  all  the  neighbouring  Cities  were 
adembled  to  fee  him  adt  iiis  Gigantomachii',  they  were  fo  charmed 
and  pleafed  with  it,  and  laughed  fo  heartily,  that  notwithftanding 
they  received  in  the  middle  of  the  Comedy,  the  News  of  the  Defeat 
of  tlieir  Army  in  Sictly,  yet  they  had  continued  to  laugii  to  the  End 
of  the  Play,  had  not  the  Poet  ftopt }  which  others  attributed  to  theic 
lefined  Policy,  becaufe  they  would  not  feem  to  be  concerned  witli 
their  Lofs  before  Strangers.  After  Hegemon  came  Eubms  ofParoSf 
and  Btiotus,  who  furparted  all  that  went  before  them,  and  tliefe 
were  the  principal  Authors  of  the  old  Comedy.  Tlie  next  Improve- 
ment Arijlotle  tells  us  {c\  was  the  Mufick,  Mafques,  tlie  Augmen- 
tation of  the  Number  of  the  Adors  and  the  Prologues, '  or  what 
prececds  die  firft  finginp;  of  the  Chorus,  the  Authors  of  all  which 
we  iinow  nothing  of,  JEpicharmus  and  Phorrnus  as  we  have  faid, 
gave  it  a  better  Form  upon  the  Model  of  the  Tragedy,  Cratinus 
took  away  the  grofs  and  fcurrilous  Language;  and  (tArifiophanes 
and  Nicochares  brought  it  to  ihe  Perfe(ftion  it  was  in  in  ^rtJlotUs 
Time,  and  this  bv  the  Criticks  is  called  the  middle  Comedy,  to 
which  fucceeded  the  new  Comedy. 

The  firft  Author  of  the  new  Comedy  was  Menander^  he  made 
an  intirc  Reformation  of  the  Stage  to  Civility  and  Decency,  obli- 
ging the  World,  by  fuppofing  the  Adlions,  as  well  as  Names  of 
Pcrlons,  and  without  nuking  any  particular  'Reflexions,  he  gave 
us  a  probable  Defcription  of  humane  Life,  this  quickly  fpread  his 
Fame  over  the  World  ;  and  Pliny  informs  us  (d\  That  the  Kings 
of  }igypt  and  Mactdon  gave  a  noble  Teftimony  of  his  Worth,  fen- 
ding AmbafTudois  to  dcfire  his  Company  at  their  Court/,  and  Fleers 
to  bring  Inm  over,  but  that  he  himfelf  left  a  nobler  Proof  of  his 

N  n  1  real 


(t)  Lib.  I).  Lffl.  Ik    (1)  Uup.  t.    CO  Clup.  ).    U)  Lib.  ;•  df  }«• 


144  T'he  Life  o/"JOHN  R  UTHHR  FOO  K  I),  V<,I.  Iff- 

'j^^^    liis  real  Excellencies,  by  preferring  the  free  enjovment  of  liis  Srir- 
^^    dies  to  the  Favours  and  Promifes  of  Monarclis}    yet  we  find  that 
liis  own  Country  Men  had  not  fuch  a  due  Senfe  o^  his  Merit  and 
Worth  as  Stran<;ers  had,  for  he  is  faid  to  liave  won  hut  ei^^lit  Victo- 
ries ({i),  tho'  he  obliged  them  witli  above  one  hundred  Comedies, 
and  the  old  Maftcrsof  Rhetoricic  have  recommended  hi'.  Works  (/>), 
as  the  true  Patterns  of  every  Beauty,    and  every  Grace  of  publick 
fpeakino;,    tlius  ^Ijuntdiari  fays  (  f ),    That    a  careful  Jmitation  of 
c/Menamler  only  will  certify  all  the  Rules  he  has  laid  down  in  his 
Inftitutions,  :  'Tis  in  (>jMenandcr,   that  he   would  have  his  Orators 
fearcli  for  a  Copioufncfs  of  Invention,    for  a  iiappy  Elegance  of 
Expredion,  and  cfpecially  for  an  univerfal  Genius,  able  to  accommo- 
date it  fclf  naturally  to  all  Perfons,  Things  and  Affedtions,  and  it's 
by  thefe  Accomplilhments,  that  he  owns  that  Menander  has  robbed 
his  Competitors  in  Comedy  of  their  Name   and   Credit,    and  to 
have  cafl  a  Cloud  over  their  unequal  Glory,  by  the  Superior  Bright- 
ncfs  of  liis  own,    but  of  all  theie  Comedies  there's  none  that  we 
have  extant  now  :    It's  true,   the  greateft  part  of  them  was  copied 
bv  n^erence,  but  even  thefe  perifhed  by  Shipwrack  before  they  law 
Rome  (d\  yet  the  four  Plays   that   he   borrowed   from  Menander^ 
are  writ  in  a  Manner  fo  natural  and  fo  judicious,    that  they  fhow 
that  never  any  Man  had  fo  clear  an  infight  into  Nature  as  Menan- 
der had ;    and  it  was  this  that  gave  an  Occafion  to  that  fine  Turn 
of  u^rijlophanes  the  Grammarian,  when  he  asked  this  Queftion. 

O  Menander  and  Nature^ 

Which  of  yoH  coped  your  Pieces  from  the  others  Work  ? 

And  the  Romans  when  they  fat  beholding  thefe  Comedies, 
thought  themfelves  in  ConverAuion,  for  they  perceived  nothing  but 
what^they  were  accuftomed  to  fee  daily  in  the  World,  and  yet  the 
?;reat  C^far  calls  Terence  but  the  Diminutive  of  Menander^  becaufe 
tho'  lie  had  his  Sweetnefs  and  Smoothnefs,  yet  he  had  not  his  Force 
and  Vigour ;  and  as  he  had  brougiit  the  Grecian  Comedy  to  its  ut- 
moft  Perfedlion,  fo  it  ended  withliim. 
iod^chVu-  ^"Jr  Author  wl]iO  was  admirably  well  feen  in  Philofophy  and  the 
^"-  'Bel/es-Lettres,  dyed  at  St.  Andrexos  in  the  Year  1 577  ;  In  his  Book 
upon  j^rifiotles  Poetry,  he  fliows  himfelf  to  have  been  a  good 
Cntick,  well  feen  in  all  the  Parts  of  Poetry,  and  admirably  well 
verfed  in  the  Grecian  Cuftoms  and  Antiquities. 


The  Catalogue  of  his  ^Nolks. 

I.  "pXE  <iArte  dijferendi  Lib.  4.  Edinburgh  in  410,  1580. 

II.  \_J  Comment,  if:  Lib.  Arift.  de  arte  Metrica  Edinburgh  1557 

tn  4to. 

III.  CoUatio 


(<■)  Aul.  GtL  ub.  1].  Up.  4.   «.*)  litunsu  tives  of  the  G/«ci40  PotM  In  MtJundti.      Cf)  Lib,  J9.  C'f- ».    (-<)  Su»- 
(ou.  In  vU  Tctcnt, 


Vol.  III.  Profejjor  of  Philofophy  at  St.  Andrews.  ja^ 

III.  CoUatio  PhiloJophtA  Ariftot.  ^  Pl.aton.  r>^y> 

IV.  CoUatio  Dhf  Tliomae  Aquinatis  ^  Scoti  in  rehus  Fhilojophicis.  Civ%i' 

V.  PrAfatioms  Jolennes  Tarifus  ^  Conimbriae  hdttx,    extant  Tjpis 

Wechelianis. 


THE 

LIFEofMr.  H  EN  RT  BALNAVES 
of  Hallhill^  one  of  the  Senators  of  the 
College  of  Juftice. 

HIS  Gentleman  was  born  in  the  Shire  of  Fife,  in 

the  Reign  of  King  James  V.  he   had  his   Edu- ,„j"''pj^;^'j'_ 
cation  at   the  Univerfity  of  St.  Andrews  (rt),"°" 
where,  after  he  had   finifhed   the  Courfe  of  his 
Studies  in  Philofophy,    he  went  over  to  francei 
where  he  (hidied  the  Eaws,   and  returning  to  his  own  Country  af- 
ter rlie  Death  of  King  James  the  V,  he  became  a  great  Favourite 
of  th6  Earl  of  Arraris,  then  Governour  of  the  Realm ;  but  having  ^^^  ^^^^^^, 
made  an  open  ProfelTion  of  the  Proteftant  Religion,  the  Governour  «•  tf"  P'o- 
at  the  Solicitation  of  his  Brother  the  Abbot  oT  Paijley  difchargedgion"    "' 
him  from  his  Family,    in  which  he  had  lived  from  the  Time  that 
he  had  returned  from  France  till  the  Year  1 541.  In  the  Year  1 564, 
he  join'd  with  the  Murderers  of  Cardinal  Beaton,  for  which  he  wasvTuXrmof 
declared  Traitor,    and  excommunicated  ;     and  when  lie  and  the&itl',''.„<i 
Murderers  were  bcfieged  in  the  Caftle  of  St.  Andrews,  he  was  fenCxJtw""' 
by  them  to  England,    and  brought   them  a  Supply  of  Money  and 
Provisions,  as  we  learn  from  Bifhop  Burnet,  who  tells  us  (h),  Tliac 
he  was  dieir  principal  Agent,  and  that  he  brought  them  upon  the 
<5th  of  February  1180  lib.  Sterling,   and  in  the  Month  of  May,  he 
brought  them  300  lib.  Sterling ;    but  at  length  they  being  obliged 
to  furrcndcr  to  the  French,    lie  was  fent  with  the  reft  of  the  Prifo- p"ro„i'r  1"* 
ners  to  France  in  the  Montli  of  oAuguJl  i  '^n^'j.  f"*'- 

Having  returned  to  Scotland  after  (bmc   few  Years  Banifhmcnt,  „  ■  , 
he  loin  d  with  tlie  Lords  or  tlie  Concre^ation,  and  became  one  of''™'"?" 
the  main  Sticklers  and  Hedcors  in   their  Rebellion   againft  Qtieen  E""")"" 
Mary,  in  the  Year  1559.     The  Lords  of  the  Congregation  having'* 
met  at  Coupar  in  Fife,    in  order  to  make  choice  of  (bme  of  tlieir 
Number  to  treat  with  tlie  Duke  of  Northfolk,    tlie  Q_ueen  of  Eng- 
land's Lieutenant,    for  fupporting  of  their  Rebellion   againft  the 
Queen,  the  Prior  of  St.  Andrews,    the  Lord  Ruthven,    the  Mafter 
of  Maxwell,    the  Mr.  of  Lindfay,    young  Lithington,  the  Laird  of 

O  o  Pittarow 

(s)  MV  Noifi  upon  Spoifwood  prnci  mc,  MS.  Addiiioni  lo  Dfmpfltr,  fee  UkcWi((  Sfocfwood'l   HAoiJ,   Mr.  Ctldc'WOcdi 
I'etric  toi  Knoi'l  Hiftoilci.    (i)  Sc«  Dt,  fiurncri  HiOWf  of  lb*  HctoiouliOll. 


14(5  The  Life  of  Mr.  HENRY  B  A  L  N  A  V  /■  S,  Vol.  1 1  f. 

'j:^;^^^    Pittarow  and  our  Auclior  were  chofcn,  and  having  eniharked  upon 
^^"^  -^    the  Coaft  of  /v/Jr,    they  came   to  Berwick   about  the  Hcginnm^'^  of 
Ht  \,  mxit  filrnary  1560,    where  an  Agreement   was  made   betwixt  Tliotrids 
comm.fr.o.'  Duke  of  Northjolk,  Earl  Maripiall  of  EngLind,   and  Lieutenant  to 
"!h'i°e'"'riie  Qiieen  of  EngLmd  tor  the  North,    m  the  Name  of  the  high 
N.",'/.?*, for  and  mighty  Princefs,  Elizjal^eth  Ci.uceii  ot  England  on  the  one  Part, 
ofV";'^i?^ and  the  above  named  Perfons,    in  Name  and  behalf  of  tlie  noble 
and  mighty  Prince  James  Duke  oi  Chattelherattlt,  as  fccond  Per/on 
of  the  Realm  of  i'co//^W,    and  the  Lords   join'd  with  him  on  the 
other  Part,  ^y  zvhtch  the  ^ji^een  of  England  ol^tiges  her  felf  to  fend 
immediatclj  Forces  vjtth  all  necejjary  Pro'vifotis  to  join  the  Forces  of 
the  Lords  of  the  Congregation,  for  the  expelling  of  the  French  Funes 
oHt  of  Scotland,  that  Jhe  fkould  continue  her  J^id  and  ^Jtflance,   ay 
and  till  the  French  were  expelled ;  that  what  Forts  were  taken  from 
the  French,  fhould  either  be  demolijhed  or  delivered  to  the  Duke  of 
Chattelherault,    and  that  the  Englifh  ^onld  not  build  any  new  ones 
without  their  y^d'vice  and  Confent,  that  they  jlmdd  pro'vide  her  Ma- 
jefly's  j4rmy  and  Fleet  zoith  Victuals  as  long  as  they  remain  in  Scot- 
land, and  that   if  the  Realm  of  England  Jhould  be  invaded  by  the 
French,  thej  fhall  ajjiji  them  at  leap  with  a  iCXDo  Horfe,  and  1000 
Foot,  upon  the  §hieen  o/"England'j  Charges,  and  that  they  fhould  can- 
tinue  in  the  Fields  30  D.xys,  or  fo  much  longer,  as  they  arc  accuflomtd 
to  abide  in  the  Fields  for  Defence  of  Scotland,   and  that  the  Earl  of 
Argyle,  Lord  Juflice  o/' Scotland,  pould  ajfiji  her  Majefiy,  in  redu- 
cing to  her  Obedience  the  North  Parts  0/ Ireland,  as  it  Jhall  be  agreed 
betwixt  the  faid  Earl  and  her  deputy  for  the  Time,    that  Hojlages 
fhould  be  deliwred  0/  lawful  Sons,  Brethren  or  Heirs  of  the  Nobility 
and  Barons  of  Scotland,  who  Jhould  be  exchangd  every  fix  or  four 
Alonihs,  as  Scotland  pleafed ;  that  thefe  Articles  after  the  delivering 
of  the  Hofiages,  fhould  be  fubfcribed  and  Jeal'd  by  the  Duke  o/' Chat- 
tel lerault,  and  the  Lords  joined  with  him  in  the  Space  of  10  or  30 
D  lys  at  the  moji,  and  that  they  Jhould  do  all  that  in  them  lay  to  per- 
J'wade  the  reji  of  the  Scots  Nobility  to  join  them,  that  the  [aid  Duke 
and  Nobility,  did  not  in  the  leaf-  by  this  Agreement  intend  to  with- 
draw their  due  Obedience  from  their  Sovereign  and  her  Husband.  This 
Treaty  was  figned  at  Berwick  the  lyth  of  Fehruixxy,  and  confirmed  by 
the  ^J^een  of  England,    under  the  great  Seal.     And  on  the  other 
Hand,    the  Lords  of  the  Congregation  ratify 'd  the  flime  by  their 
Subfcriptions,  at  the  Camp  before  Leith,  upon  the  lOrh  oi May — . 
For  this  piece  of  good  Service  done  to  the  Lords  of  the  Congre- 
o!^  oV't^e"  gation,  Mr.  Balna-ves  was  made  one  of  the  Lords  of  the  Sefllon  in 
&iiionf '""  the  Year  i  ^6^.     The  General  AfTembly  having  met  at  Edinburgh 
,ndiioneofUpor»  Chri (l?nafs  Daj ,  in  the  fourth  C^)  Sedion,  they  appointed  the 
lione'i^T"''^  Earl  (tMarfhall,  the  Lord  Ruthven  Lord  Secretary,  the  Commen- 
'"'"'(T.mbi  ^^^^^  °^  Kdwinning,  the  Bifhop  of  Orkney,  the  Clerk  Regifler,  the 
to'rtv.fi:  the  Juftice  Cletk,  David  Forres,    Mr.  George  Buchanan  and  our  Author, 
cipune.    '  or  any  three  or  tour  of  them,     to   revife  the    Book    of   Difcip- 

line, 


(«)  CiUctwood'i  Hiii.  Page  3;. 


Vol.  III.  One  of  the  Senators  of  the  College  of  Jujhice.  ia-j 

line,  to  confider  diligently  the  Contents  thereof,  fet  down  their '>-'Vn 
Judgment  in  Writ,  and  Report  the  fame  to  the  next  Aflembly,  or^^^^viv 
if  a  Parliament  beholden  m  the  mean  Time,  to  the  Lords  of  the 
Articles,  and  tliat  tliey  begin  immediately  after  the  diifolving  of  the 
Aflembly,  or  at  leaft  on  the  (5th  of  January  next  to  come,  and  there- 
after continue  till  the  faid  Boole  be  throughly  revifed ;  but  Mr.  Cal- 
derwood  fays,  That  he  could  not  find  that  there  was  any  Thing  more 
done  in -that  Affair. 

This  Gentleman  has  left  behind  him  a  Catechifoi  or  ConfeflGon  «>f huvro«fa! 
of  Faith,  and  a  Book  upon  Juftification. 

In  that  upon  Juftification  he  affirms.  That  the  Juftification  fpoken 
of  by  St.  James,  is  different  from  that  fpoken  of  by  St.  Paul :  For 
the  Juftification  by  good  Works  which  St.  James  fpeaks  of,  only 
juftifies  us  before  Men  j  but  the  Juftification  by  Faith,  which  St. 
Paul  fpeaks  of,  juftifies  us  before  God  :  And  that  all,  yea  even  the 
beft  of  our  good  Works  are  but  Sins  before  God.  Whatever  Truth 
may  be  in  this  Dodfrine  of  our  Author's,  I  think  we  may  grant  to 
him,  that  the  moft  of  all  his  Adlions  which  he  valued  himfelf  upon, 
and  reckoned  good  Works,  were  really  great  and  heinous  Sins  be- 
fore God  :  For  no  good  Man  will  either  juftifie  Rebellion  or  Mur- 
der, and  God  Almighty  has  denounced  his  Wrath  againft  fuch  as 
are  guilty  of  them  :  Yet  Mr.  Knox  his  Fellow-Labourer  in  Iniquity, 
juftifies  him,  and  tells  us,  that  he  was  a  very  learned  Man,  and 
looks  upon  hislmp'.ifonment  for  the  Cardinal's  Murder  ax.  Rouen  in 
France,  a  Suffering  for  the  Caufe  of  God.  o^r.  Henry  Balnaves, 
fays  he,  who  {a)  was  in  the  Caflle  0/ Rouen,  was  mofl  Jharply  ajjauU 
ted  of  all ;  for  kcaufe  he  was  judged  learned,  (as  he  was  and  is  in^ 
deed)  therefore  learned  Men  were  appointed  to  tra'vel  with  him,  with 
whom  he  had  many  Confliils ;  hut  God  Jo  ever  affijled  him,  that  they 
departed  confounded,  and  he  by  the  Power  of  Goas  Spirit  remained 
conflant  in  the  Truth,  and  Trofejjion  of  the  fame,  without  any  wave- 
ring or  declining  to  Idolatry  ;  in  the  Prifon  he  wrote  a  comfortable 
Treatife  of  Juftification,  and  of  the  Works  and  Converfton  of  a  Man 
juftified,  which  is  txtant  to  this  Day*  He  died  at  Edinburgh  in  the 
Year  1579. 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

!•     A    Treatife  concerning    Juftification,    Edinburgh   15^0,   in 

j\.    8vo. 
n.  A  Catechifm,  or  Confejjion  of  Faitbt  Edinburgh  1584,  in  8voi 


O  o  z  THE 


(.»)  Mil  Hms  Hi4.  Lib.  (.  f.g.  fi,  foU  tMotu 


aod  tduciti* 
on. 


148 Vol.  in 

An.    I  {75. 

THE 

LIFE  of  Mr.  NINIAN  WINZE% 
Abbot  of  Ratisbon. 

,^  /  i(tn  Wtnz^et  was  born  in  the  Weft,    in  the  Shire 

pi"nNg "  '      r^^        I       and  Town  of  Renfrew^  of  an  honed  Parentage,  he 

had  his  Education  at  the  Univerfity  of  Glajgow; 
where,  after  he  liad  finifhed  the  Courfe  ot  his 
Studies,  he  was  made  School-mafter  of  thfe  Towa 
of  Linlithgow,  where  he  taught  for  feveral  Years 
the  Children  of  that  Town,  to  the  great  Satisfadion  of  the  Inhabi- 
tants. At  lengtli  applying  himfelf  to  the  Study  of  Theology,  he 
enter'd  into  Holy  Orders,  and  when  the  Reformation  prevailed,  he 
became  one  of  the  chief  Writers  for  the  Church  of  Rome,  and  had 
feveral  Difputes  with  the  Reformers ;  but  the  Reformation  prevail* 
i.dYoV'hir  ing,  he  was  obliged  to  leave  the  Town  of  Linlithgoiv,  where  he 
ReJ.gion.  jgiij  yj  ^^^^  |.,g  i^j^j  flayed  for  ten  Years,  and  came  for  Prote(flion 
to  Edinburgh,  where  he  prefenred  upon  the  1 5th  Day  of /^^r«(7r)', 
in  the  Year  i  =^61,  a  Petition  to  her  Majefty,  under  the  following 
Title  ;  yin  Exhortation  to  the  mntft  Excellent  and  Gracious  Sove- 
reign Mary,  '^[Men  o/"Scorcis,  (S)c.  To  the  Bi[ho^s^  and uther  Paflorisy 
and  to  all  them  of  the  Nobility  within  this  her  Graceis  Reabne  for 
unfeinz^et  Reformation  of  T)otirin  and  Manerts,  and  for  obtaining 
of  Licence  to  propone  in  Wryt  to  the  Pric  hours  of  the  P  rot  eft  ant  is 
certane  ytrticutis  twitching  T>o61rm,  Or  dour  and  o^Maneris  aproven 
by  them  :  In  tins  Petition  tlie  Bilhops  Want  of  Zeal,  their  bad  Lives 
and  Avarice,  with  the  Avarice,  Injuftice  and  Oppreflion  of  the  No- 
bility are  feverely  expofed,  as  the  Caufes  of  the  Judgments  of  God 
upon  tlie  Nation,  in  tiie  rageing  Impieties  that  were  then  abounding 
amongft  them.  Not  long  after  this,  he  in  Name  of  the  Clergy 
gave  in  Writing  feveral  Challenges  to  fohn  Knox,  and  particularly 
to  anfwer  {b)  for  his  adumin"  to  himfelf  the  Office  of  the  Prieft- 
hood :  Mr.  Knox  from  the  Pulpit  expofed  him  as  the  main  Agent  for 
the  Papifts,  and  gave  no  other  Anfwer  to  his  main  Queftion,  but 
that  he  had  an  extraordinary  Call  from  Heaven.  Mr.  Winz^et  taking 
Advantage  of  this  unwarrantable  Anfwer  of  Mr.  Knox\,  immedi- 
ately committed  to  tlie  Prefs  a  Treatife  concerning  the  Pricfthood, 
which  Mr.  Knox  being  informed  of,  he  caufed  feize  upon  the  Prin- 
ter and  all  the  Copies,  and  purfued  the  Author  fo  hotly,  that  he 
was  obliged  to  take  the  Occafion  of  a  Ship  that  was  bound  for 
Tianders,  where  he  fafely  arrived,  and  ftayed  for  fome  Time  at  the 
Univerfity  of  Lowvain,  and  in  the  Year  1 5<5j,  he  caufed  print  a  Book 
of  Controverfy,  under  the  following  Title,    The  Buke  of  Fonrfcoir 

Three 

(.«)  la  ib'c  I'icUcc  to  hi^  Qucttion:.    \)>)  Ibid, 


Vol.  ill.  ayjbbot  of  Kacisbon. 


149 


Three  Que/lions,  tuching  Dodrim,  Or  dour  and  Mxncris  proponit  to  ^y.-C 
the  PrecJjotiris  of  the  protejiants  (j/"Scothina  be  the  Qitbolub  of  the -^^^r^ 
Jnfoiour  Ordotir  of  Clergy  and  Li\)tnjcn  ycair  cmelie  apclit  and 
dijpcrf/t  Ijc  Fcrjuafiotm  of  the  Jaid  intmfit  Prechours,  jtt  furth  be 
Ninian  Winzcc  a  Qitholnk  Priefl,  at  the  'Dcfire  of  his  faithful  apitit 
'Breither,  and  delivery  it  /o  John  Knox  the  loth  of  Vchmai;  or  yairby, 
in  the  Zcir  of  the  blijjit  Birth  of  our  Sahiour  i^6^,  The  Preface 
to  this  Boole  is  dated  liom  Lovdin  upon  the  7th  Day  of  Ociober 
and  the  Dedication  has  the  following  Title,  T7;f  faythful  Sonis  of 
the  Hilly  Ci'tholick  Kirk  in  Scotland,  of  the  Inferiour  Order  of  Clergy 
and  Laytmen  hnmill  fubdittis  to  yarc  Sovcrane  L(tdy  Marie,  and  obe- 
dient to yeare  lanih'uU  Bi/hopes  and  Pajjouris  depofit  of  yeare  Offices., 
incarcerate  exetltt  or  violentlie  ejcdfit  fra  yeare  jufl  Pojfejionis,  and 
native  Ctteis,  for  nocht  ajfenting  to  the  pretcndit  keforrnationn  that 
yis  prefcnt  in  Religioun,  to  John  Knox  and  his  Complices,  pretending 
and  ailcdging  yeame  to  haife  lamhfuU  oAnCloritie  and  Ordinatioun 
of  trzu  Btfwpeis,  and  utheris  Pajlouris  of  the  Ktrk  zuith'in  the  Jatd 
Realrne,  zcijfhis  Health,  and  Jllumination  of  the  Huly  Ghai_ft.  Our 
Author  likewife  publifhcd  at  Antwerp  the  fame  Year,  ^Tranflation 
o/'Vincentius  Lyiincnfis,  of  the  Nattoun  o/Gallis,  for  the  Antiquity 
and  Vniverfality  of  the  Catholick  Fayth,  againe  the  prophane  JNova- 
tionis  of  al  Hcrefeis.  From  Flanders  our  Author  in  tiie  Year  136$ 
went  to  Frani  e,    and  the  fame  very  Year  publiflied  at  Pans,     A  /■**  f^'<"» 

.^  t  /?'  r         T\    C  f  r  Tk  T\  1  thence    to 

Ur.jnjlationo/  a  Uijiourje  of  Renarus  Benediclus,  concerning  compo-^'""'- 
fing  Difcords  in  Religion,  in  the  Tear  1  $66.    .He  took  tiie  Dcree  of 
Mr.  o"l  Arts  in  the  Univerfity  oi  Paris,  and  was  chofen  three  Tunes Mr.Vr  Am" 
Procurator  in   that  Univerfity.     In  the  Year  1578,  Mr.  'John  Lefly'toi^i^Z" 
BiHiop  of  Rofs  going  from  Rome  to  refide  in  Germany,  in  Quality  ^X'^nV^ 
of  Qiieen  oM^trys  Ambaflador,  obtained  from  the  Emperor  Rodul-R^^uLf 
phus  an  Edid:,  dated  upon  the  8th  of  Oihber  1578,  tor  the  Refli- 
tution  of  the  SiOts  Monafteries  in  Germany;  upon  this  many  of  the 
bani/hcd  Clergy  were  fettled  in  Germany,    and  amongfl:  the  reft, 
our  Author  was  made  Abbot  of  Ratisbon,  where,  in  the  Year  1581, 
he  publilhcd  his  Anfwer  to  Buchanans  Libel  againft  the  Rights  of 
our  Kings  ;  and  the  next  Year  he  publiflied  in  4/0  a  Boole  againft 
the  Reformers,    and  a  Solution  of  tlieir  common,    but  ridiculous 
Doubt,  Wliether  God  or  Man  is  to  be  obeyed,  as  if  our  Obedience  to 
God  were  inconfiftent  with  our  Duty  to  the  Civil  Magiftrate.     Of 
all  our  Author's  Writings,  I  fliall  only  infift  upon  his  Tranflation  of 
Vincent  i us  Lyrinenfis.  . 

Amongft.all  the  Writings  of  the  ancient  Fathers,  there  is  uot,  in 
the  Opinion  of  many  learned  Men,  a  nobler  Performance  than 
Vincent ius  Lyrinenfis  his  Book  againft  the  Hereticks;  and  fince  the 
Author's  Dc/Ign  was  to  lay  down  fuch  wife  Meafures  for  preventing 
of  Schilm  and  Divifions  in  the  Chriftian  Church,  and  that  there 
jicvcr  was  an  Age  wherein  the  reading  of  fucli  Books  was  more  re- 
quired, 1  (hall  give  an  Abridgement  ot  it,  for  the  Reader's  Inftrucftron 
and  SatisfadUon. 

P  p  This 


150  The  Life  o/NINIAN  WINZF.T, Vol-  flf- 

f^^"^^*^        This  Book  was  wrote  three  Years  after  tlie  Council  of  I'phejat, 
^'■>/^    in  the  Year  of  our  Lord  4^4^    ir  was  dividetl  into  two  P.irts,    but 
An  Ab-ijgf- there  is  nothing  remains  ot  the  fecond  Part,  but  a  fliort  Rccapitu- 
T".'fl"L"]ation  of  his  Principles.     Tlie  firft  Part  contains  ^5  Chapters  ;    in 
lyr^'^'iir'the  firft  Chapter  lie  tells  us,  That  the  Ufefulncfs'of  (iicli  a  Worlc, 
the  Time,  the  Place  he  was  in,  and  his  Profcinon  had  engaged  him 
in  this  Undertaking  :  The  Time,  becaufc  all  Things  here  below  arc 
fleetinf»  and  perifhing,  and  its  but  juft  that  we  fliould  make  ufe  of 
Part  of  it  for  the  ^reat  Concerns  of  another  Life,  and  for  putting 
us  upon  our  Guard  againft  the  Malice  ot  Hereticks.     The  Place  was 
likewife  fit  for  fuch  an  Undertaking,  being  free  from  the  Noiie  and 
Hurry  of  Cities,  concealed  in  the  fecret  Corner  of  a  Monaftery, 
where  he  could  follow  the  Advice  of  the  Pfalmift,  Pfat.  45.  v.  10. 
iBe  at  refl,  and  behold  that  1  am  God.     And  La(lly,  Nothing  could 
be  more  fuitable  to  his  Profeilion,  and  admonifhes  his  Reader,  that 
it  is  not  his  Dcdgn  to  colleit  all  that  can  be  faid  upon  the  Subje(ft 
he  treats  of,  but  to  coUecl:  from  the  ancient  fathers  what  was  moft 
neceflkry.     In  the  id  Chapter  he  fays.  That  he  had  learned  from 
many  holy  and  learned  Men,  that  the  true  Way  to  evite  the  falling 
into  any  Merely,    and  to  remain  firm  to  the  Faith  of   the  Church, 
is  to  build  upon  die  Authority  of  the   facied  Scriptures,    and  t!ie 
Tradition  of  the  Catholick  Church  :    But,  fays  he,  fome  may  ask, 
that  fince  the  Canon  of  the   Scriptures   is  pcrfedl,    and   fuflh'cient 
alone  to  inftrud  us  in  all  Things  necedary  to  Salvation,  where  is 
the  NecefTity   of   joining  the   Ecclefiiftick  Authority  with  it  ?     It 
is,    fliys   he,  becaufe    the   Holy    Scriptures   having   an  high   and 
abftrufe    Meaning,    is    differently    interpreted  ;    fo   that   there  is 
almoft  as  many  different  Interpretations  of  it,  as  there  are  different 
Perfons,-  Novatius  interpreting  it  one  Way,  Thotinus  another,  and 
every  one  according   to  their  own  Judgment,    it   is  therefore  fays 
he,    altogether  neceffary,    that  we  take  for  our  Rule  the  Scn(c  of 
the  Catholick  Church,  but  even  in  this  of  knowing  the  Senfe  of  the 
Catholick  Church,    we  are  to  take  great  Care,    that  what  we  efta- 
blifti  as  the  Articles  of  our  Faith,  be  what  has  been  always  believed 
by  all  Chriftians,  in  all  Places  of  the  Earth,  according  to  the  Im- 
port of  the  Word  Catholick   or  Univerfal  ;    and  diis  we  fhall  be 
fu re  to  do,     if  we  follow  Antiquity,     the   unanimous  Confent  of 
Chriftians  and  Univerfality.    We  fhall  follow  Univerfality  if  we  be- 
lieve no  other  Dodlrine  to  be  true,  but  what  is  taught  and  believed 
in  all  the  Churches  of  the  Earth ;  we  fhall  follow  Antiquity,  if  we 
recede  not  from  what  has  been  taught  and  delivered  to  us  by  the 
ancient  Fathers  of  the  Church.     And  laftly,    we  fhall  follow  the 
unanimous  Confent,  if  we  believe  what  has  been  taught  by  all  or 
the  moft  part  of  the  Antients.     In  the  third  Chapter,  He  move; 
this  Qiieftion,    What  a  Chriftian  Catholick  Jhoitld  do^    when  a  Part 
of  the  Church  Jeparates  from  the  Body  ?    To  tiiis  he  Anfwers,    That 
he  has  nothing  elfe  to  do,  but  to  prefer  the  Dodrine  of  the  whole 
Body  to  the  corrupted  or  unfound  part,  if  any  new  Error  or  Here- 


Vol.  III.  a^lfl^ot  of  KsLUsbon.  ij£ 

<y  be  like  to  fpread,  not  only  in  a  parr,  but  over  the  whole  Churclij;^^^-^^, 
then  we  are  to  take  care  that  we  firmly  adhere  to  the  Dodrine  of  ^^^^ 
the  ancient  Fathers  of  the  Church,  which  cannot  be  corrupted  by 
any  Novelty.  In  fine,  if  in  Antiquity  we  find  one  or  two  Perfons, 
or  a  City,  or  a  Province  in  an  Error,  we  muft  prefer  the  Decifions 
of  the  ancient  Catholick  Church,  before  the  Temerity  and  I"po-' 
ranee  of  a  few  People  :  But  if  tlierc  arifes  a  Qiieflion  where  nothing- 
like  this  is  to  be  found,  tlien  we  niuft  confult  the  Sentiments  of 
the  Ancients,  and  compare  together  what  thefe  Authors  have  wrote 
in  different  Times,  and  in  different  Places,  who  have  been  in  the 
Communion  of  the  Church,  Perfons  worthy  of  Credit  and  Repu- 
tation ;  and  we  are  not  to  fix  upon  what  one  or  two  of  them  has 
faid,  but  upon  what  they  have  all  unanimoufly  taught  and  wrote 
witli  clearnefs,  and  without  contradicfling  themfelves ;  thefe  are  the 
Rules  wh.ich  he  has  laid  down,  and  whicli  he  has  backed  with  fe- 
veral  Examples  for  illuftrating  of  them.  In  the  4th  Chapter,  He 
gives  the  Example  of  the  Donatifis  in  ^fric,  who  erred  againfl 
the  Rule  of  Univerfality,  affirming,  that  the  Church  of  Chrift  was 
only  to  be  found  amongfl:  themfelves.  In  the  5th  Chapter,  He 
gives  the  Example  of  the  Arrians^  who  erred  againft  the  Rule  of 
Antiquity.  Iw  the  (5th  Cliapter,  He  fhows  the  Conflancy  of  the 
Catholicks,  under  the  Perfecutions  of  the  Arrtans^  and  propofes 
tliem  for  an  Example  of  Imitation.  In  the  7th  Chapter,  He  refutes 
the  nArrian  Herefy,  by  the  Rules  of  Univerfality  and  Antiquity. 
In  the  8th  Chapter,  the  Opinion  of  St.  Cyprian,  concerning  the 
Rc-baptization  of  Hereticks  is  made  ufe  of,  to  fliow  that  we  ought 
not  always  to  follow  tlie  Sentiments  of  an  Ancient,  and  that  one 
may  be  an  Heretick,  by  maintaining  a  Dodrine  advanced  by  a  Ca- 
tholick Dodtor  of  the  Church.  In  the  9th  Chapter,  He  fhows  what 
excellent  Learning  and  Eloquence  the  ancient  Hereticks  had,  and 
how  tlicy  were  efteemed  as  the  Sons  of  God,  whilfl  they  adhered 
to  the  Rule  of  univerfal  Antiquity,  but  when  they  fwerved  from 
that,  they  were  efteemed  the  Sons  of  Perdition.  In  the  lOth 
Chapter,  He  enumerates  the  Apoflles  Denounciations  of  God's 
Wrath  againft  all  Hereticks,  Schifmaticks  and  Apoftates.  In  the 
1  ith.  He  fhows  what  the  Apoftle  wrote  to  the  Galatians^  was  wrote 
to  all  Chriflians.  In  the  nth.  He  moves  the  Queftion,  Why  God 
flmuld  permit  Hereticks  to  dijlurb  the  Peace  of  his  Churchy  and  ta 
deceive  the  People  ?  And  tliis  he  fays  God  permits  to  be  done,  to 
try  our  Confidence  and  Faith  in  him  and  his  "Church.  In  the  ijth, 
J  4-th  and  1 5th,  He  fhows  what  great  Men  Nejlorius,  Photinus  and 
ApoUinaris  were,  tho'  they  were  alloftliem  Hereticks.  The  17th, 
Is  concerning  tlie  Herefy  o(  Photinus,  who  maintain'd  the  Unity  of 
the  Godhead,  denying  the  Trinity  and  the  Divinity  of  our  Saviour. 
The  1 8th,  Is  concerning  the  Herefy  oi  ApoUinaris,  who  affirmed, 
^at  our  Saviour  had  not  a  Soul,  and  that  his  Body  was  not  of  the 
Vtrpn  Mary,  hut  descended  from  Heaven,  and  ajfumed  in  the  Wor^S 
of  the  Virgin,  denying  that  there  were  two  difiinii  Natures  in  Chrtfl. 

P  p  1  The 


I5Z  r/;f  /.//f  o/NINIAN  WINZET,  Vol  Hf. 

r\>\^    jiic  loth,  Is  conccrnin{»   the  Hcrcfy  of"  NcflorihS,    who  aflirmcd, 
v^\'Ai'    <77;/r/-  /Af  Virgin  Mary  mouUl  not  be  calUd  (  etoToieoi. )  /Ar  Mother  of 
Gorl,    but  (  xf'"»T«»r.  J  ///f  Mother  of  Chrijl.     Jii  the  lOrh,  f  fe  lliows 
what  the  Doctrine  ot  the  Catholicks  is  in  Oppofition  to  thcfc  Mo- 
icfies.     In  the  lift,  He  proves  that  there  arc  in  Chrift  two  diflindfc 
Natiues,   the  Divinity  not  being  clianoetl  into  the  Humanity,  nor 
the  Humanity  into  the  Divinity.     In  the  I2cl,  He  (hows,  That  the 
Unity  oF  Pcribn  in  our  Saviour,  was   complete  in  the  Virgin's   Bo- 
iom,  and  that  the  Properties  otthe  humane  Nature  in  our  Saviour, 
are  attributed  to  liis  God-head,  and  the  Properties  of  his  Cod-head 
to  his  Humanity,  becaufe  tlie  Son  of" God  and  Man  is  but  one  ChriA, 
in  one  Perron,'and  that  the  blefied  Virgin  may  properly  be  called 
the  Mother  of  God.     The  2.3d,  Is  a  Repetition  of  all  that  he  has 
faid  ai^ainfl  thefe  Herefies,  with  a  Congratulation  to  the  Catholicic 
Church  for  her  Sincerity  in  her  Faidi.     In  the  24.th  and  2.5th  Chap- 
ters, The  Fall  of  Origen  and  that  of  TertnUian,  is  brought  as  Ex- 
amples to  teach  Catholicks,    that  diey  ought  not  to  rely  upon  the 
Authority,  Reputation  or  Learning,  how  great  foever  it  be,  of  any 
Man,  when  they  differ  from  the  Sentiments  of  the  Catholick  Church, 
Having  largely  infifted  upon  thefe  Examples  in  the  i(5th  Chapter, 
he  returns  to  his  Principle,  and  fuftains,  that  we  ought  to  keep  by 
the  ancient  Rule  of  Faith,  and  that  the  only  fure  Refl  of  our  Conf- 
cience  is  in  the  holy  Catholick  Church.     In  the  27th,    He  fhows, 
diat  we  never  fliould  endeavour  to  eflablifh  any  new  Dodtrines  in  the 
Church,  and  that  thofe  who  permit  new  Dodtrines  to  be  taught  are 
Deceivers.     In  the  28tii,  He  ihows  how  that  we  may  explain  and  il- 
luflrate  the  ancient  Faith  delivered  unto  us  by  the  Apoftles,    that 
we  may  give  a  new  Turn  of  Thought  to  Things,  but  that  we  are  to 
fay  nothing  that  is  new.    Cum  dtcas  mve  non  dicas  nova.     In  the 
29th,  He  Ihows  that  the  Church  does  always  increafe  in  Knowledge, 
Wifdom  and  Devotion,  but  always  upon  the  fame  Grounds,  with- 
out adding  or  impairing  any  Thing.     In  the  30th,    he  fhows    that 
we  may  put  Things  in  a  clearer  Light,  but  they  muft  always  remain 
in  the  fame  Fulnefs,  and  the  fame  Integrity.    In  the  31  ft.  He  fhows 
by  Examples,    that  there  was  never  any  Flerefy  invented,    but  by 
thofe  who  feparated  themfelves  from  the  univerfal  Confent  of  the 
Catholick  Church.    In  the  3 2d,    He  fhows  how  the  Hereticks  per- 
vert the  Scriptures  to  theij  own  and  Neighbours  Deftrudfion.     In 
the  33d,  He  treats  of  the  Devil's  tempting  of  our  Saviour,    and 
makes  a  Comparifon  betwixt  this  and  the  Proceedings  of  Hereticks 
in  tempting  the  Faithful.     In  the  34th,  He  fhows  how  the  Catho- 
licks ought  to  have  Recourfe  to  the  Rules  abovewritten,  when  they 
are  tempted  by  the  Devil,    and  his  Members   the  Hereticks.     But 
he  tells  us,  there  are  two  Occafions  in  which  thefe  excellent  Rules 
are  of  no  great  ufe  :  The  firft  is.    When  the  Queftions  are  of  no 
great  Import  or  Confequence,    and  are  not  concerning  the  Funda- 
mentals of  our  Faith.     The  id.    When  the  Queftions  are  concer- 
ning antient  Herefies,  for  fays  he,  it  is  not  neceflary  to  refute  from 

the 


Vol.  ill.  Qydl^bot  0/ jRatisbon.  15-? 


tlie  Ancients  what  they  have  already  condemned;  but  fuch  new^)^ 
Heiefiesas  may  arife  in  the  Church  by  tlie  Means  and  Inftrumcnts  AArf 
o'i  Sathctn.  In  the  35th,  He  fhows  how  thefe  new  Hcrefies  may  be 
difcovcied  from  the  Writings  of  the  Ancients.  And  Lajll^,  In  the 
Fragment  of  his  fecond  Part,  lie  concludes,  Tiiat  the  Decifions  of 
General  Councils,  and  the  Writings  of  the  Ancients  are  the  beft 
judges  of  the  controverted  Meaning  of  the  Scriptures.  Our  Author 
finifhes  his  Tranflation  of  this  Book  witli  the  following  Epigram  in 
Commendation  of  Vincint'ms  Lyinmfis^  and  his  Performance. 

Vac'ts  amator  hahcs^  pacem  ut  Vincentius  unus 

Tutatur^  fujts  hojlihus  iniwrneris. 
£ribit  arma  truci,   rabida  ohjlruit  ora  'Dr^coni, 

Detcgit  ^  fraudes  :  Pax  qui  his  exctd  erat. 
(iMorte  jua  Chriflus  Pacem,  [era  Jchijmata  Da:mon 

Fraude  pant  :   Pacem,  pacts  alumne,  fove. 

Tiiis  Author  died  in  his  Monaftery  at  Ratisbon  in  the  Year  1581.  HiiPwrti 
He  was  well  (ccv\  in  the  Belles-Lettres,  and  an  excellent  Poet  :  He'aer. 
^vrote  in  a  good  Stile  of  Latin,  and  altho'  he  had  applied  the  mofl 
of  his  Youth  in  reading  of  tlie  Claflfick  Authors,  yet  the  Controver- 
sies that  arofe  concerning  Religion,  made  him  apply  himfelf  dili- 
gently, when  well  ftruck  in  Years,  to  the  reading  of  the  facred 
Scriptures,  and  the  Writings  of  the  ancient  Fathers,  by  which  Means 
he  2,ained  the  Reputation  of  being  well  feen  in  Controverfies,  and 
the  Refpedl  that  the  Univcrfity  of  Paris  put  upon  him,  by  making 
him  thrice  their  Procurator,  is  a  fufficient  Tefliimony  of  his  rdal 
Worth  and  Merit :  And  his  Book  againft  Buchanan  fhows  him  to 
be  a  loyal  Subjedt,  and  well  feen  in  the  Civil  and  Canon  Law. 
*DempJ}er  fays,  that  he  taudit  Philofophy  in  the  Univerfity  of 
'Paris  with  great  Applaufe ;  tiiat  he  was  a  pious  Man,  and  a  great 
Oppofer  of  the  Calvinijis.  Ninianus  Vinzetus  ant  Winchetus  (fayst 
hej  Glafoiucnfis,  Monajlerii  Scotorum  Ratisbonix  ^hbas,  ^  prius 
Lutetix  Philofophid  Profejjor  magna  ingenii  laude,  nee  minus  piui 
doclrinA  Hinreps  Calvinianx  c^nam  poptdares  Scotia;  receperant  pro 
*virilt  rejlitit. 

John  Lejly  Bifliop  of  Rofs  fpeaking  of  this  Abbot,  fays,  That 
when  tlie  Protcftants  had  made  the  Vulgar  believe  that  they  had 
utterly  fileiiccd  the  Papifts,  Mr.  WinZjet  publifhcd  his  Book  of  85 
Qiieftions  adapted  to  the  Capacity  of  the  Vuli^ar,  but  with  fuch 
Strength  of  Reafon  and  Learning,  that  neither  Knox,  nor  any  of  his 
Followers  could  ever  anfwer  them  :  And  Knox  who  had  highly  in- 
fultcd  over  the  Papifts,  that  lie  might  not  feem  to  jield  the  Vi(fldry 
to  Mr.  WinZjet,  for  two  Days  endeavoured  to  perfwadc  thd  People 
i\^  his  Sermons,  that  lie  had  an  extraordinary  Call  from  Chrift  j  tor 
Mr.  H'inz^et  had  mofl  learnedly  refuted  all  their  Pretences  to  an 
extraordinary  Cull,  deflring  them  to  produce  the  Signs  of  their  ex- 
rraordiiiary  Vocation,  as  the  Prophets  and  Apoflles  did  of  old,  to 
wliom  they  compared  thcmfclvcs,  and  moft  impudently  aftumcd  to 

Q  q  thenv 


J  54  Tk  Lije  of  N  IN  IAN    W  INZt.  1, Vol   111. 

'"^^-^    tlicinfclves  il'c  OlHce  of  the  Pncftiiood,  wichuut    any  other  VV.ir- 
^A^     rant:  Which  To  incenlcd  the  Proteftants  a^ain'l  him,  that  hcariii(.ij 
that  he  was  prepaiing  to  publiih  a  Book  upon  this  Siib)C(it,   tiicy 
thought  to  have  apprehended  the  Author;  but  lie  made  uis  lifcape, 
to  the  "icat  Joy  otthePapifts,  and  the  great  Cricfot  the  Protelbiits: 
But  tiiey  ieiicd  upon  tlie  Bootes,     and  having  apprehended  John 
Scot  the  Printer,  he  was  iniprifoned,    and   ("evcrely   lined.     Biihop 
Leflp  Words  arc,     Foflqiuxm  Setiarli  omnia  jam  occnpajjent  (<t), 
trtn/nbhant  Jerto  CathoUcos  njtcios  cejj'ijfe  caMpOy    eoque  majorem  ejfe 
Ccuholicortim   obftinatam   c&citatem  chmant^    quo  acrius  perjlarit  in 
jentcntia  qnam  fcitio  oflendunt  fe  non  pojje  defenJerc-  '  {^od  cum 
Ninianus  Vinzccus,  cuius  fupra  wemimmus^    tntellexiffet,   o^ogintn 
triii  de  rebus  controverfts  capita  collegit.,  ea  rnethodi  forma,  ut  tenui- 
oris  in^enii  homines  facile  intelligerent  omnia.,  Jed  ea  dodlrin^  ratio- 
nifnue  firmitate  ut  Knoxius  alii  que  Sediarit  JApius  ad  rejpondendum 
'ueruis  fcrtptifque  lacejjiti,    nihil   hu:ufque   invenire  potucrint,  quod 
contra  hijccrent.     Knoxius  tamen  qui  antea  Juperbus  Catholicis  inful- 
tabat,  nunc  ne  njideatur  plane  nji£ioriam  Niniano  cejijje,  uno  aut  al- 
tera die,  id  laborat  J'edulo,    ut  populo  pro  condone  perfuaderet,  fe  a 
Chrifto  njocatum  :  Objccerat  namque  Vinzecus  qu^dam  e^cqui/itx.  eru- 
ditionis  plena  de  niinijlrorum  impudentia,  qui  non  'vocati  Concionato- 
rum  funttionetn  obirent :    Ac  quuyn  W \mciix's  qu^dam  de  f^nis,  qua 
nov£  doilrinA  confirmandx,  quafi  fundamcnta  quxdam   debtlant   edi, 
calholice    dodeque  in  illo  libro  urgeret  publice,  dtjjertt  Knoxius,  fe  ut 
Joannem  Bapciilani,  Amos  aliojque  prophetas  ad  nmnus  tllud  Apo/Io- 
'licu?n    obeundum  fignis  divinitus    Juije    ajjumptum ;  quam  j'uperbi 
hominis  biifphemiam  nulla  aut  ratione  aut   auiloritate  nixam,    cum 
Ivlinianus  ( er at  namque  hie  in  njinea  Domini  excolenda  fedulus  opera- 
rius  )  Uteris  diluqfet,  recepit  fe  brevi  refponfurum  ad  omnia,  njerum 
fidcrn  quam  aftnnxit,  nee  Knoxius,  nee  quifquam  ex  Mimfris  ejtt^f 
nominis  decurfis  jam  multis  annis,  Itberavit. 

Hac  res  Niniano  Vinzeto  maximam  apud  Hxreticos  invidiam 
conflavit,  unde  cum  audirent  ilium  jam  apud  Typographum  calere  in 
libro  excudendo,  quo  cogit.irat  cum  Knoxio  de  fide  violata  ad  no- 
hilitatem  expoflul.tre  (hac  fola  ratione  putabat  Hxreticos  ad  refponfio- 
nem  pofe  elici ;  )  confiltum  ineunt  de  opere  diflurbando,  Vinzero 
capiendo,  Typographo  muldando :  Magifiratus  cum  satellitibus  irruit 
in  Typo^raphiam,  libros  quos  repent  aufert  :  Joannem  Scotum 
Typographum  bonis  mulilatum  in  carcerem  abripit,  fed  Vinzetum 
quern  tanto  opere  cupiebant,  prA  foribus  Magi  fir  atui  occurrentem,  quod 
vicognitiis  elapfus  fuerat,  dolent  HAretici,  rident  Catholici. 

George  Con  in  his  Book  of  the  Twofold  State  ol"  Religion  aniongft 
the  Scots,  fays.  That  John  Knox  having  provoked  the  Papifts  to 
difpute  with  him,  he  and  Ninian  Winz^et  had  a  Conference  ac 
Linlithgow,  wherein,  after  he  had  overcome  ICnoxy  he  had  Recourse 
to  his  ordinary  Calumnies,  telling  the  People  upon  all  Occafions, 
that  WmZjet's  bold  Impieties  were  not  to  be  tolerated,    "  Tliat  he 


"  was 


(4)  Ltfly  Uc  Ceftij  Scot,    Lib,  X.  Pag.  584. 


Voi-  ill-  (t^bbot  of  Ratisbon.  "  ~^ 

"  was  fcnt  from  Cod,  and  called  by  Clirift  for  reforminir  of  tlic'^-'^^ 
"  Churcli,  that  he  was  no  lefs  to  be  believed  tlian  the^Prophct^V^ 
"  oAmos,  or  St.  John  the  Baptift,  that  he  had  the  Spirit  of  God, 
"  by  whofe  fecret  Infpiration  lie  knew  all  the  Myftcries  of 
"  the  facrcd  Scriptures,  tiiat  the  Papifts  were  blinded  and  mere 
"  Idolaters,  and  that  they  fuftain'd  their  Fables,  not  by  the  facred 
"  Scriptures,  but  upon  old  Wives  Fables,  which  occafioned  Mr.  Wtn- 
"  zjets  writing  of  his  Book  of  Queftions,  his  Words  are  {a).  Sed 
"  Ninianus  Vinzetus  tarn  pcrfri6tA  frontis  Jycophantam  catholica 
"  njeritate  f regit,  ut  is,  dej^crata  'vidoria.,  ad  Jolt t as  calnwnias  con- 
'■^  fugiens,.  non  ferendam  t?npii  Vinzeti  audactam  proclamaret,  fe  a 
"  Deo  mijjum,  a  Chrijlo  ad  Ecclcjiam  reformandam  vocatum  nee 
"  minorem  fihi  fidem  adhibendam  quam  Amos  prophet  &  aut  D.  Toanni 
"  Baptifta:.  Habere  Dei  jpiritum  /ami  Harem,  cujus  fecret  a  injpira- 
"  tione  omnia  divinorum  n;oluminum  arcana  haberet  perjpe£la.  Cacos 
*'  cjje  Papifias  ac  meros  tdolorurn  cultores,  ijui  anilibus  fabulis  nulla 
^' jacrorum  codicum  au6loritate  nugas  Juas  dcfcnderent.  Vinzetus  in- 
''''  figni  hac  Knoxii  defperatione  mtnime  contentus,  fcripto  de  rebus  con- 
"  troverfis  libello  odoginta  tria  fidei  capita^  de  tot  enim  lites  mo- 
"  wrunt  tunc  temporis  in  Scotia  Novatores,  tanta  eruditione  ac  tarn 
"  wris  rationibus  difcujjit,  ut  refponfum  expedare  jujjus,  id  etiam 
"  num  ejus  pojlcri  expcifemus  ?  derivata  tandem  in  Typographum,  qui 
"  librum  excuderat,  rei  invidia,  is  bonis  exutus,  ac  in  career  em  de- 
"  jedus,  iracundis,  Knoxii  pcenas  dedit  ". 

Archbifhop  Spotfwood  in  his  Hiftory  (b),  fpeakinir  of  our  Author," 
fays,  "  One  Nintan  WinJet  School-mafter  at  Linlithgozu,  a  Man 
«'  of  reafonable  Learning,  fet  forth  a  Book  of  Queftions  againft  the 
*'  Confefton  of  Faith,  which  went  current  in  the  Court,  and  was 
"  much  efteemed  by  them  of  his  Profeflion,  being  cited,  and  di- 
"  vers  Conferences  kept  with  him,  to  make  him  acknowledge  iiis 
"  Errors,  he  continued  obftinate,  and  was  therefore  fentenced  by 
"  the  Church  ;  wherefore  he  forfook  the  Country,  and  fleeing  to 
^*  Germany,  was  preferred  to  be  Abbot  of  the  Scots  Monaftery  ac 
^^  i?jm^o«,  where  he  lived  many  Years  ". 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

AN  Exhortation  to  the  mat  ft  excellent  and  gracious  Sovereign^ 
Mary  ^een  of  Scottis,  G^c.  To  the  Btjhopis  and  uthcris 
i'aftors,  and  to  all  of  them  of  the  Nobility  vAthin  this  her  Graces 
Realme,  for  unfenz.it  Reformation  of  Dodrine  and  Maneris; 
and  for  obtatning  of  Licence,  to  propone  in  Writ  to  the  PrichoU- 
risof  the  Proteftantis,  certain  jirttculis  twiching  Doilrine,  Or- 
dour  and  Manerit,  approven  by  them,  and  prejented  to  her  maift 
excellent  Majefty,  February  1 5//;,  i  ^6l.  8vo. 

d  q  I  ILThe 


(«j  iJb.  1.  y,^.  »}j.   {J,)  ub.  4.  j-.j.  ijj. 


156  q1)e  Cat alogttt  of  his  Works.  Vol.  /[/. 

^ -    ■  —       -■ ,-  ■in  I  

II.  The  Bh^  of  Fourjcore  three  ^eflions,  touching  Doilrine  Or  dour 
and  M.meris,  proponit  totHe  Prechoris  of  the  Protejlantis  in 
Scotland,  by  the  Catholicks  of  the  infer iour  Order  of  the  Clergy 
and  Layitmen^  thair  cruellie  ajjliilit  and  difverfit,  be  Verjuafiotm 
of  the  faids  intrufit  Trechiouris,  Jet  furth  be  Ninian  VVm/cr,  a 
Catholuk  Prieft,  at  the  defa^re  of  his  faythful  affiSfit  Brcith- 
ren,  and  delmerit  /<?  John  Knox,  the  xxth  of  VcbxuOiX  or  yairby, 
in  the  Zere  of  the  blijfit  Birth  of  our  Saviour  1 565.  Antwerp, 
ex  officina  u^gidii  Dieft.  MDLXIII,  XIII  0(ftob.  cum  gratta 
^  prinjiiegio.  8vo. 

III.  Vincentiiis  Lyrinenfis  of  the  Natioun  of  Gallis,  for  the  Anti- 
quity and  Vniverfality  of  the  Catholick  Fayth,  againis  the  pro- 
phane  Nouattonis  of  all  Here^es.  ibid,  in  8vo. 

IV.  Niniani  Vinzeti  Ranjroi  Bagellum  Hxrettcorum^  qui  Religionit 
pritextu  jam  in  Ca;(arem,  aut  in  altos  orthodoxos  principes  fedi- 
tionem  excitare  ftudent,  qu&rentes  ineptt]]tma  quidem,  Deo  ne 
magis  an  Principipus  fit  obedtendum^  Ingoldftadii,  1582.  in 
4.ro. 

V.  ui  Tranflation  of  a  'Difcourfe  of  Ren^tus  Benedi(5lus,  concerning 
compofing  Difcords  in  Religion.  Paris  i  ^6^  in  8vo. 

VI.  Velttatiom  Geor.  'Qudx^n.Vialogum  de  jure  Regni  apud  Scores, 
Ingoldftadii  1582.  in  z^to. 

Three  of  thefe  Treatifes  were  printed  in  400,  1^6^. 


THE, 

LIFE  of    Mr.   GEORGE    BUCH^ 

NAN, 

THIS  Gentleman  was  defcended  from  a  good  Fi- 
mily  (a),  in  the  County  or  Shire  of  Dumbartor, ; 
he  was  born  about  the  beginning  of  the  Month 
of  February,  in  the  Year  1^06.  His  Parents  who 
lived  in  the  Paroch  of  Ktllairn,  were  not  in  a  ve- 
ry prosperous  Condition  in  the  World,  as  he  himfelf  informs  us ; 
for  when  his  Father  died,  he  had  been  left  in  aflarving  Condition, 
had  it  not  been  for  James  Heriot  his  Uncle  on  the  Mother's  Side, 
who  took  care  of  him,  and  finding  him  a  Boy  of  an  excellent 
Genius,  put  him  to  the  School  at  Dumbarton;  where,  after  he  had 
o,"*io°Vh.learn'd  his  Grammar,  he  fent  him  over  to  Paris,  where  he  ftudied 
y;;«''''i"''in  the  College  of  jMontacute,  and  it  would  appear  that  he  was 
fometimes  obliged  to  his  Mu(e  for  his  Sublillance,    for  he  tells  us, 

that 


(a)  Vii.  Geot.  Buchjn.  «b  ipfo  fcr.p.    cum    Com.    Rob.  l,yb..ld.  M.  D.  tdr.  1.700  in  8vo.     Dia.  Hilt,  ti  Cnt.  pir  M.  Bayl. 

tA>.  Choiiie  f »r.  M.  CUtc  Tom.  VIII.  tt»  £log«s  dc)  HooyncJ  fc*v*BS  f»J  Anuia  Ttilter  Tom.  i,  j.  Pcn'f fl«'  I"  '<  !*•  "^*- 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  0/ Mr.  GEORGE  BUCHANAN.  157 

that  he  apply'd  himfelF  to  Poetry,    Pctrtim  naturx,  impulfu,  partim';^^^^ 
necellitdte,  partly  our  of  a  natural  Inclination,    and  partly  out  of '■'^'^/*^ 
Ncccflity  :    But  his  Uncle  dying,    and  his  Mufe  not  being  able  to  ^^,_^^_^  ^^ 
maintain   him   at   Paris-,    he  was  obliged   to  return  to  his  native  >"'»^- 
Country,  notwithftanding  that  he  was  then  very  fickly. 

About  this  Time,    /o/;«  Duke  of  ^<//L;/)',  Vice-Roy  or  Governour 
of  Scotland,  coming  from   France  with  Auxiliary  Troops,    to  carry 
on  a  War  ac^ainft  England ;  Buchanan  being  reduced  to  great  Want, 
lilted  himfclf  as  a  common  Sentinel  in  the  Army,    but  the  Seafon 
of  the  Year  bein"  very  fevere,    by  Reafon  of  the  continual  Snows, 
he  fell  Sick,  and  was  'confined  to  his  Bed  all  that  Winter.    Having    ^^   ^.^ 
recovered  his  Health,   John  o^ajor,    wiio  dien  taught  Philofophy<h/A,''my' 
in  tlie  Univerfity  of  St.  Andrews.,    being  informed  tiiat  he  was  2ij,h"iZ]>f. 
Youth  of  excellent  Tarts,  and  reduced  to  great  Neceffities,  he  fent 
for  him  in  the  Beginning  of  the  Year  1 514,  and  took  him  into  his 
Service,    he  being  then  in   the  1 8th  Year  ot   his  Age.     The  next 
Summer  his  Mafter  going  over  to  Paris,  he  took  Buchanan  alongft 
with  him,  and  kept  him  in  his  Service  there  for  two  Years,   but  not 
thinkine  his  Service  a  fuitable  Encouragement  for  Co  great  a  Genius, cur^Vm"^. 
he  procured  for  him  a  Regency  in  the  College  of  St.  BarU,  in  the  .ll^^umJerfi- 
Year  151(5.  For  all  which  "good  Offices  done  to  him  by  his  learned '^°*^'"'- 
and  worthy  Mafter,  he  returned  his  Thanks  in  the  following  Scan- 
dalous Epigram  upon  one  of  his  Mafter's  Books. 

In  foannem  folo  cognomento  Qy^ajorem,  ut  ipfe  in  fronte  Libri 
Icripfit. 

Cumjcateat  ntigis  Jolo  cognomine  Major,  H.t  grwi 

Nee  fit  in  tmmenjo  pagina  fana  Libro ;  JoCku^ 

Non  mirum  titulis  quod  fe  'veracihus  ornat  **** 
Ncc  fcwper  mendax  fingere  Creta  jolet. 

And  tiiis  was  the  firft  Time  he  fhowed  his  Ingratitude  tb  his  Bene- 
facftors,  which  as  we  iliall  fliow,  was  the  great  and  unpardonable 
Blcmifh  of  his  whole  Life. 

After  he  had  taught  Grammar  in  the  Collego  of  St.  Barbe  for 
three  Years,    Gilbert  Earl  of  Cajjils  being  then  at  Paris,    Buchanari  ,^;J;^'::';^ 
quits  his  Regency,  and  was  made  Preceptor  or  Tutor  to   this  noble  J,';;^,ta.r  of 
Earl,    with  whom  he  ftay'd  for  five  Years,    during  which  Time  he 
tranflatcd  from  Englifti  into  Latin  Linacer\  Grammar,  which  he  de- 
dicated to  his  Pupil     About  the  Year  \$}6,  he  returned  with  this 
noble  Man  to  Scotland,  and  by  his  Recommendation,  Kins;  >w«  ^^H-cn,,^ 
V.  imdr-  him  Preceptor  to  his  Baftard  Son   fames  Prior  of  St.  (L^«-«nd  is  m.de 

»•    iiiaut^  Mini    *»■<-'-     r,.^,  ■|*'l  I  rt        1  y       \  Prtcepior  to 

drevjs,  afterwards  Ead  of  (*yldurray,    with  wiiom  he  Itayd  three  tji^^ri  of 
Years.    Hichertq  he  had  conceald  his  Sentiments  about  Religion,^'"''' 
but  finding  that  tire  Reformation  was  favoured  by  King  Henry  Vlll 
lie  publickly  blamed  the  Clergy  fof  their  vitious  Lives,    efpecially 
the  rrancifcans,  whom  he  expofed  in  a  Poem  (j),  wherein  he  makes 

R  r  St 


(})  I'ocnuiuin  P'g.  4II.  p<r.  i.  Li,  S*l>  ii>9. 


J5b  The  Ltfc  of  Mr.  GEORGE  BUCHANAN.  Vol.  HI. 

f^^"^^  St  Francis  to  appear  to  him  in  a  Dream,  perliiacJing  him  to  be  Jt 
vA/*^  Francijcan  Monk ;  but  our  Author  tells  him  that  he  was  no  ways; 
fit  For  tliat,  becaufe  he  had  not  fuch  a  mean  daflarclly  Son),  as  to 
fubjecfl  himfelt  to  be  a  Slave  and  a  Beggar,  or  to  become  fiich  an 
impudent  Cheat  as  the  Laws  of  their  Fraternity  required,  and  lie  was 
firmly  perfuaded,  that  (c\v  or  none  either  of  that  Order,  or  of  any 
other  Order  of  Monks  could  be  favcd. 

Pervia  fed  raris  funt  Cali  rtgna  ChctiUisy 
Vix  monachis  tllic  creditur  ej]e  locus. 

The  Francijcans  having  got  a  Copy  of  this  Poem,  thcy  accufed 
liim  of  Herefy,  but  fince  he  difown'd  tlie  Poem,  and  that  they 
could  not  prove  him  to  be  the  Author  of  it,  the  Procefs  was 
dropt. 

Towards  the  End  of  May,  in  the  Year  1 557,  Buchanan  and  the 
left  ofthofe  who  favour'd  the  Reformation,  had  fome  Hopes  of  an 
Encouragement  from  the  Throne,  becaufe  tlie  King  had  newly 
marry *d  die  Princefs  Magdalen,  ihe  French  King's  Daughter,  who 
liad  been  brought  up  under  Margaret  Qj-ieen  of  N.warre,  a  known 
Favourer  of  the  Reformation ;  but  their  Hopes  foon  vanidied,  by  the 
Deatli  of  that  Lady,  which  happened  fhortly  after.  Not  long  after, 
the  Francijcans  having  offended  the  King,  he  defired  Buchanan  to 
write  a  Satvr  againft  them,  which  he  did,  but  with  fuch  Caution  and 
Ambiguity,  that  it  no  ways  anfwered  the  King's  Expedtations,  where- 
upon lie  wrote  his  Franc ifcanus,  a  moft  virulent  Satyr,  wherein  Buc- 
hanan reprefents  one  of  his  Friends  that  was  going  to  be  a  Francif- 
can,  as  impatient  till  he  faw  himfelf  in  his  Habit,  upon  this  our 
Author  tells  him,  tliat  he  was  likewife  very  defirous  to  have  enter'd 
into  that  Order,  till  he  was  difTuaded  by  a  Friend,  who  told  him  of 
their  vitious  Lives  and  Morals,  which  lie  paints  forth  under  the  Jn- 
ftrudions  of  an  old  Monk  to  a  young  Novice,  where  amongft 
other  Things  he  tells  him,  that  to  become  a  true  Brother  of  rlie 
Francifcan  Order,  he  muft  arm  his  Tongue  and  his  Heart  with  all 
the  Venome,  Malice  and  Spite  that  Hell  can  afFoord,  or  the 
Devils  fuggeft  to  him. 

Cur  a  Jit  imprimis  tibi  I'tnguam  armart  veneno 
Verhorum,  u^tna  an'tmas,  antmas  tibi  torreat  Hecldy 
Tartara  Sulphureis  njolvant  incendia  fumis 
cy^ixta,   tibi  nigris  Phlegetontias  unda  cerafiis 
iBul/iat,  ^  mijeras  lacerem  cacodanwnes  unwrasy 
Donee  fra6ta  crepent  longis  fub  dentibus  ojja, 
2S/ec  minus  horrendas  Purgatrix  flamma  vapores 
E'vomaty  dterno  nijl  quod  non  AJiuet  igne, 
Sed  precibus  'vinci  queat  £5*  lujlralibus  undis 
Extingui,  &c. 

It  is  no  wonder  that  the  whole  Clergy,  after  this  bloody  Satyr,' 
were  incenfed  againft  Bmhanany    and  iliey  left  no  Stone  unturned 

till 


Vol.111.         The  Life  o/Afr.  GEORGE  BUCHANAN.  159 

till  they  prevailed  with  the  King  that  he  fliould  be  tried  for  Herefie ;  ;^;>^^-^ 
and  having  fcized  upon  his  Perfon,  he  was  imprifoned  in  the  Bc-^,''~ . 
ginning  of  the  Year  1559.     Our  Author  noways  doubting,  but  that con'dVmHel 
if  he  were  brought  to  a  Trial,  he  would  be  condemned  and  burnt  mfw/h"! 
for  an  Heretick,  made  feveral  Attempts  for  tlie  recovering  of  hisfl^'forl^- 
Liberty,  and  at  length  was  fo  fuccefsiul,  that  one  Night,  when  his 
Keepers  were  fafl:  afleep,    he  made  his  Efcape,    and  'fied  into  En- 
gL-nd  :    The  Certainty  of  his  Efcape  was  no  "ooner  known,  but  he 
wa'5  denounced  Fugitive  :  On  the  other  Hand,  in  England  he  found 
King  Henrj  VIII.  perfecuting  equally  his  Proteftant  and  Popifli 
Subjects  ;  upon  winch,  being  as  much  afraid  of  his  Life  there,  as 
in  his  own  Country,  he  fled  over  to  France^  where  he  found  Cardinal 
iBeaton  lus  mortal  Enemy  Ambaflador  from  Scotland^  and  not  doubt- 
ing but  that  he  might  readily  get  notice  of  him,    if  he  refidcd  at 
Paris^  he  fled  to  Bourdeaux^  wliere  he  found  Andrew  de  Go'vea,  a 
learned  Gentleman  of  the  Porr«^f/f  Nation ;  diis  Man  he  had  been 
intimately  acquainted  with  when  he  was  Regent  of  the  College  of 
St.  Barbe^  and  now  he  was  in  the  Station  of  Redor  to  a  School  that 
had  been  newly  eredted  at  Bourdeaux;  and  finding  that  Charge  too 
great  a  Burden  for  one  Perfon,  and  knowing  that  there  was  none  better  u-here  he  1. 
qualified  for  that  Charge  than  Buchanan,    he  got  him  to  be  his  SI  of  tS- 
Coadjutor  in  that  Charge;  and  that  City  was  Angularly  obliccd  to Bi;;^^^,"  *' 
iiim,    for   that  fame  very  Year,    the  Emperor  Charles  V.  paffintr 
througli  Bourdeaux,    as  Redfor  of  their  School,    he  prefented  the 
Emperor  with  a  mod  noble  Poem  (a),    wherein  he  flattered  the 
l-mperor  fo  agreeably,  that  he  exprefled  a  deal  of  Satisfadbion,  and 
adured  them  of  his  Protedion  and  Favour  :  And  indeed  there  can 
be  nothing  more  handfomly  exprefled  tiian  his  Addrefs  to  that  Em- 
peror, where  he  calls  him,  TTjc  Governour  of  the  Spanifli  and  Ma- 
fler  of  the  Italian  Nations,  the  Conaueror  of  Lybia,  ('the  MoorS)  the 
Terror  of  Scythia,  ( the  Turks )  whom   the  Wefi  refpedfs,  whom  the 
North  loves,  and  xvho  wakes  the  utmoft  Corner  of  tlje  Eaji  to  tremble^ 
and  whom  the  perfdious  Moors  are  afraid  of. 

ReHorem  gentis  Iberx, 

Aufonicc  Dominum,  Boreas  pugnacis  alumnum 
Vtdorem  Lybix  Terr  a,  Scythiacque  timorem, 
^luem  colit  occafus,  Boreas  amat,  ultimus  horrei 
Ortus,  ^  infidi  metuit  Jolertia  Mauri. 

We  have  another  excellent  Poem  of  our  Author's  in  favour  of 
the  Sciiool  of  Bourdeaux  to  the  Chancellor  of  France,  wherein  he 
tells  him,  that  they  would  be  obliged  to  leave  that  School,  if  they 
were  not  fupplied  with  larger  Revenues ;  and  that  all  he  required 
oi  him  was,  that  he  would  give  them  an  immediate  Anfwer  by  a 
fpeedy  Supply  or  RefuTal. 

fiAut  ope  pr^inti  rnijerat  Jolare  (jMreLts, 
j4ut  jaltem  auxilii  Jpem  cito  tolie  ttii. 

K  r  I  And 

0.;  >/!»,  lA.  I. 


1 60  Tlje  Life  of  Mr.  G  h  O  K  G  K  li  U  C  H  A  N  A  N.  Vol.  1 1/. 

'■^*'^«^  And  it  fccnis  the  Chancellor  was  piearccl  to  ^rant  liis  Rccnicft, 
^y^  for  we  ^^nd  amon^ft  Buchanans  Mirccllany  Poems,  a  Return  of 
Thanks  to  the  Chancellor :  But  the  great  care  that  he  toolc  in  tlie 
Education  of  the  Children  of  that  City,  appeared  mainly  in  his 
bringing  the  Youth  from  the  irivial  Diverflons  that  luid  crept  in 
amon"(i  them,  to  thofe  more  becoming  and  iiiflructivc  onesol  the 
Sta^e;  lor  here  it  was  that  he  compofed  all  his  Tragedies,  'tis  true, 
they  were  not  publiUied  till  fome  Years  after;  for  the  Tragedy  of 
S.  "John  the  Baptilt,  tho'  it  was  firft  written,  yet  was  lad  publilhcd, 
die  fird  I:dition  of  it  being  at  London  in  i  578.  Next  to  this  was  his 
Tranllation  ot  Euripides  his  Aledea,  which  was  a(fted  at  Boardenttx 
in  I5'45.  And  he  tells  us,  that  diefe  two  Trageches  having  fuc- 
cecded  beyond  his  bxpedarion,  he  took  fome  more  Pains  about 
the  other  two,  'viz,-  his  Jephthes,  which  was  publiflied  at  Paris  in 
,1554,  and  his  yilcejle,  publifhed  likcwifc  at  Paris  1556. 

By  this  Time  Buchanans  Fame  begun  to  fpread  all  over  Europe, 
and  having  reached  Cardinal  Beaton  s  Ears,    that  Cardinal  wrote  a 
Letter  to  the  Arch-Bifhop  of  Bourdeaux,  wherein  he  informed  him, 
how  diat  Buchanan  had  tied  his  Country  for  Herefie,   that  he  had 
lampoon'd  the  Cliurch  in  mod  virulent  Satyrs,  and  that  if  he  would 
put  nim  to  the  Trial,  he  would  find  him  a  mod  pedilentious  Here- 
tick  :    The  Arch-Bilhop  happened   to  fhow  this  Letter   to  one  of 
Buchanans  Friends,    who  dilfuaded  him  from  profecuting  our  Au- 
thor ;    but  that  which  contributed  mod  for  his  Safety,  was,    that 
about  this  Time  King  James  V.  died,  which  involved  the  Cardinal 
himfelf  in  fuch  Didiculties,  that  he  could  never  get  himfelf  extricate 
out  of  them,  as  we  have  fhown  in  his  Life:  Buchanan  tells  us,  that 
lie  only  taught  for  three  Years  at  Bourdeaux,  but  makes  no  Mention 
of  his  going  from  thence  to  Prtr/V,    where,    notwithdandin^,    'tis 
Hcgoeito  j-j-jQJ'j^  certain,  that  he  was  for  fome  TimeProfedbr  in  the  College  of 
J^"dePr"ofcr- Cardinal  U  cy^oine,  for  we  find  him  there,  by  one  of  his  Elegies 
coutg.'of  which  he  addredes  to  his  Friends  at  Bourdeaux,  whild  he  had  the 
^..tT"'  Gout,     in  the  Year  1544,    in  which   he  mentions  as  his  Collegue 
7ohn  Gelida  de  Vallence,  who  was  then  one  of  the  Regents  of  that 
College, 

Citeraque  ut  cedent,  Gelidas  pa  cura  Sodalis 
Et  Patris  ^  Patrid  Jujlinet  ufque  njicem. 

The  King  of  Portugal  having  founded  a  College  at  Coniml^ria,  he 
wrote  a  Letter  to  Go'vca,  defiring  that  he  would  bring  alongd  with 
him  what  learned  Men  he  could  perfuade,  upon  the  Promife  of 
fufficient  Rewards  for  teaching  of  the  Sciences  in  his  Univerfity  of 
Conimbria;  ^nd Buchananhtm^ono.  of  thofe  whom  Co^^fa  applied 
himfelf  to,  he  very  willingly  embraced  the  Offer,  and  tells  us  in 
one  of  his  Elegies,  that  having  no  Encouragement  for  teaching  ot 
Poetry  at  Pari),  he  refolved  to  forfake  the  Mufes,  and  bids  them 
adieu,  fince  he  had  fpent  his  Youth  with  them,  and  that  they  could 
not  maintain  him,  or  afford  him  a  tolerable  Way  of  Living. 

Itc 


Vol.  ill.         The  Life  Mr.  GEORGE  BUCHANAN.  i6i 


he  leves  nm^^  fltrilefque  -valc'te  Cam  en  a,  'IV^^ 

Criitii(\i*e  FhtFveo  Cajtalts  unda  choero,  ^^\^kj 

Jte,  flit  ejl,  frimos  'vobifcum  (tbfump/imiis  annos, 
Optima  pars  njit&  deperiitqne  ^eA. 

Then  he  defires  them  to  enquire  after  thofe  who  could  (ing  in 
Famine,  or  make  Verfes  'by  drinking  Water. 

'^Im.r'ite  quern  capiat  jejuna  cantus  in  umbra, 
^Ijurite  qtii  pot  a  carrnina  cantet  aqua. 

And  towards  the  End  of  that  Poem,  after  he  has  fpoke  of  the 
Poverty  of  fcveral  PoctSj  he  very  pleafantly  asks  why  Calliope  remain'd 
ftill  a  Virgin. 

Calliope  longum  celebs  cur  njixit  in  &vum  ? 
Mempe  nihil  dotis  quod  numeraret  erat. 

But  before  'Buchanan   undertook  this  Voyage"  for  Portugal,    he 
caufed  his  Friend  Andrew  Govea  to  inform  the  King  of  Portugal  by 
a  Letter,    of  the  whole  Affair   betwixt  him  and  the   Francijcans  in 
Scotland,  and  that  the  Satyr  he  had  writ  againfl:  them,    was  not  as 
his  Enemies  gave  out,  to  defame  the  Catholicks,  but  wrote  in  Obe- 
dience to  z\\e  King  his  Mafter's  Command,    whom  the  Francifcans 
had  offended  :  The  King  of  Portugal  being  fatisfied  with  this  Apo-    He  goe, 
lo^^V,  Govea,  Nicolas  Gruchius,  Gulielmus  Gar  ant  ms,  Jacobus  Ta-  '^°fj,]."^,\ 
njnis,  Heiias  Venetus,    Mr.  "Buchanan,   and  his  Brother  Mr.  P^rWcit^^y/p^^fi. 
Buchanan  embarked  for  Portugal,  .where  they  fafely  arrived  in  the^'jj^^^j^;,";* 
Year  1 547.  •'  cmmtri*. 

The  next  Year  Jacobus  T&iJius,  havirtg  publirtied  his  Book  de 
rebus  geflis  ad  T)ium  Cambaix  oppidum,  which  he  dedicated  to  the 
Kino,  ot  Tortiigal;  Buchanan  wrote  a  commendatory  Poem  upon 
this  Book  to  the  King  of  Portugal,  whicii  made  'Dempjler  fall  into 
the  Midake  that  Buchanan  had  wrote  tliis  Book. 

Durin"  all  the  Time  that  Andrew  Gonjea  lived,    Buchanan  was 
proteded  by  him,  he  being  a  great  Favourite  of  the  King  oi^  Portu- 
gal's;  but  that  learned  Man  dying  in  the  Year  1548,  Buchanan  wsis 
accufed  of  being  Author  of  the  Poem  againft  the  Francijcans,  oUuXyhft- 
iiaving  eat  Flefli  in  Time  of  Lent,  of  having  faid  that  S.  (iAugufiin^;'^\C^l 
was  niore  favourable  to  the  Do(5trine  of  the  Reformers,  than  to  that"""* 
of  the  Churcii  of  Rome  :    Concerning  the  Eucharifl,    there  were 
Witncffes  likewifc  broudit,  that  deponed  that  they  had  heard  from 
Pcrfons  of  "ood  Credit  that  Buchanan  was  a  Lutheridn.     Thcfe  were 
(ullicic;nt  Reafons  in  tliat  Kingdom,  for  putting  any  Man  into  the 
Inquifition  }  and  accordingly  our  Author  was  put  into  it,  where  he 
remained  for  a  Year  and  an  Half.     I  fliall  not  trouble  the  Readcf 
with  the  Account  of  the  Method  and  Manner  of  the  Proceedings 
againft  Hcreticks  in  the  Inquifition,  fince  I  have  given  a  full  Ac- 
count of  it  in  tlic  fecond  Volume  of  this  Work,  in  the  Life  oi  Mr. 
luhn  Scheve;u  Official  of  St.  c/dndrews,  but  only  acquaint  him,  that 
^  S  r  he 


Urn 


i6l  The  Life  of  Mr.C.EOKC.E  BUCHANAN.         Vol.  fff. 

'^^    lie  was  fct  at  Liberty,  or  rather  removed  to  a  more  agreeable  I'ri- 
*"''>^    Ton,  being  confined  toaCloifter  till  he  fhcnild  be  better  in(lrii(itcd 

H.  iicoD-jn  the  Principles  of  the  Romijh  Church, 
ci'o.oe?.  *        He  tells  us,  that  the  Monks  of  this  Cloiftcr  to  whicli  lie  was  con- 
fined were  very  civil  to  him,    being  Pcrfons  of  great  Probity  and 
Humanity  :  But  here  he  gives  us  another  Specimen  of  his  Gratitude 
Hi.  ingr.t;- to  his  Bcnefacflors,  for  he  fays,  That  they  were  altogether  ignoi'ant 
Monk's?''"  and  void  of  Religion.     Hominihus  (juidem  aliocjui  nee  inhuwanis, 
nee  malisy  fed  ornnis  Religtonis  ignarts  :    Now  how  improbable  this- 
is,  will  appear  from  thele  Monks  having  impofed  upon  him  as  a 
Pennance,  that  he  fhould  turn  the  Pfalmsof  Am^into  Latin  Verfe, 
which  he  did  with  fuch  inimitable   Sweetnefs    and  Llc^ancy,    that 
this  Verlion  of  the  Pfalms  will  be  eftecmed  and  admired  as  long 
as  the  World  endures,  or  Men  have  any  Relifh  for  Poetry  ;  and  the 
L!bt.iV['li!d  King  of  Portugal  and   the  Clergy  were  (o  well  pleafed  with  this 
l°l/w" '"  I'ertormance,  that  he  was  not  only  fet  at  Liberty,  but  had  a  Pcnfion 
fettled  upon  him,  till  fuch  Time  as  die  King  (Kould  find  an  Oppor- 
tunity of  fettling  him  in  fome  lucrative  Station  ;    but  the   harfh 
Treatment  he  had  met  with,  gave  him  fuch  a  Difgufh  at  the  Clergy 
of  that  Kingdom,  that  he  took  the  Opportunity  of  a  Candia  Ship 
that  was  going  for  England,  M'here  he  fafely   arrived  in  the  Year 
J551. 

Edward  VI.  was  then  upon  die  Throne  o(  England,    and  had 

eftabliOied  the  Proteftant  Religion  in  that  Kingdom ;    but  whether 

'Buchanan  was  unwilling  as  yet  to  declare  himfelf  Proteflant,  or  that 

he  thought  the  State  of  the  Englifh  Nation  not  fufHciently  fetded, 

I  know  not ;    but  he  refufed  iome  advantagious  Offers  that  were 

.njfrom    ,^ade  to  him  by  King  Edward,  and  went  over  to  France  in  the  Bc- 

Tr»i,.       ginning  of  the  Year  1 551.     A  tew  Days  after  the  Emperor  Charles 

V.  had  raifed  the  Siege  of  a^ets  ;  upon  which  Buchanans  Friends 

would  needs  have  him  write  a  Poem,  which  he  did,  though  much 

againft  his  Will,  being  afraid  that  it  might  do  Prejudice  to  his  Friend 

Melin  des  Gelais,  who  had  compofed  a  Poem  upon  that  Occafion, 

and  was  one  of  the  beft  French  Poets  of  that  Age.     But  altho'  that 

Emperor   had  been  his  Benefacftor  for  his  former  Poem  which  he 

.  compofed  upon  him  at  Bourdeaux,  he  would  needs  give  himlike- 

tJ'  to^'he"  wife  a  Swatch  of  his  Ingratitude. 

imftioi,  *-' 

TTiig^ifl  *  Stil^  femi  mauro  Carfare,  froh  pudor  ! 

Germana  'virtus  cejferaty  Italutn 
1ndo6ia  libertas  Tyranni 
Rrre  jugum  tacit e  fremebat. 

But  he  wanted  ftill  an  Opportunity  of  maltreating  his  good 
Friends  and  Benefa(fl:ors  the  Portugefe,  and  now  being  at  Liberty, 
he  compofed  a  malitious  Satyr  againft  the  whole  Nation. 

Glebxque  tantum  fcrtiUs  penHrfx, 
&c. 

What 


Vol.111.         qije  Lije  of  Air.  ij  to  KG  E  BV  CHAN  AN.  i6^ 

What  Station  our  Author  was  in  at  this  Time  in  France  we  know; 
not,  fince  neither  he  nor  any  other  have  mcntion'd  it,  but  he  tells 
us.  That  in  the  Year  i^^%  Charles  Je  Cojfe  Martjhal  de  Brijjai,  to 
whom  he  had  dedicated  the  Year  before  his  Jephthcs,  called  him  to    ^^^ 
Piemont,  where  he  then  commanded  the  French  King s  Forces,  and ('omtfam* 
made  him  Preceptor  to  his  Son,    Timoleon  de  Cojc,    with  whom  he  wh.re''h.;  ii 
ftay'd  for  five  Years ;  during  which  Time  he  apply'd  himfelf  to  The- "Sr  To'th. 
ology,    but  efpeciallv  to  the  controverfial  Part  of  it,    betwixt  the^n^^l'sot 
Church  of  Rome  and  the  Reformers  :    But  at  the  fame  Time,    we 
find,  that  he  did  nor  negle(5t  the  Mufes,  for  it  was  then  that  he  com- 
pofed  his  noble  Poem  upon  the  Sphere,    the  Ode  upon  the  Duke 
of  Guife\  taking  of  Calais,    and  his  admired  Epithalamium  upon 
the  Marriage  ol  Queen  Miry  to  the  Dauphine of />-^«cf.  About  the.o"',"^'^"^ 
Year  1560,  he  returned  to  ^cof/t7«^,    and  finding  the  Reformation  ""^^ '"""4 

/-111  1  1  II  Pnncipjl  or 

in  a  Manner  fettled,  there  he  openly  renounced  the  Romijh  Reli-s^^"""*» 
gion,  and  declared  himfelf  Calvimji,  the  prevailing  Party  at  that 
Time  ;  and  fhortly  afterwards,  he  was  made  Principal  of  St.  Leonard's 
College  in  the  Univerfity  of  St.  Andrews:,  where  he  taught  Philofo- 
phy  for  fome  Time,  and  at  his  Hours  of  Leifure,  he  colle(51:ed  to- 
gether all  his  Poems,  excepting  fuch  of  them  as  were  in  the  Hands 
of  his  Friends,  and  of  which  he  had  no  Copies. 

The  befl:  Edition  of  thefe  Poems  is  that  of  Saumttr,  in  the  Year 
1 610  by  John  Bureau,  for  tho'  the  Title  Page  bears  by  yihraharA 
Elz^evir  at  aAmfierdaw^  yet  the  Title  of  the  fecond  part  and  the 
Charad:ers,  fhew  that  it  was  done  in  France.  In  this  Edition  we 
have  I  ft.  The  Pfalms,  then  his  Tragedy  o(  fephthes  and  St.  John  Bap- 
tift,  then  his /r^«c/Jw«»c  and  other  Satyrs  againft  the  Monks,  fome 
Poems  in  Elegiac  Verfe  in  Imitation  of  O-via;  his  Syha  in  Heroick 
Verfe  in  Imitation  oi  Statius  ;  Verfe  of  eleuen  Syllables  in  Imitation 
o^  Catullus,  Jambick  Verfes  in  Imitation  of  the  fame  Poet,  which  are 
for  the  moft  part  Satyrs.  Three  Books  of  Epigrams,  and  one  of  Mis- 
cellanies, confifting  of  Odes,  Epigrams  and  all  Sorts  of  Poems,  his 
imperfedl  Poem  upon  the  Sphere  in  V.  Books,  in  Imitation  o(Aratus. 
And  Lajlly,  His  Medea  and  Alcejie  tranflated  from  Euripides  in 
tile  Year  1 564.  He  compofed  on  the  Marriage  of  Queen  t^Mary 
with  the  Lord  'Darnly,  an  admirable  Poem,  which  is  in  the  third 
Book  of  his  Epigrams,  with  feveral  others,  upon  a. Dianjantine  Form 
of  a  Heart,  which  Queen  Aiary  fent  Queen  Eliz,al>eth,  in  the  Year 
1566.  And  upon  the  Birth  of  King  James  the  (5th,  he  compofed 
a  Poem  which  we  have  amongft  his  SylvA,  and  another  upon  hi5 
'Baptifm,  which  is  in  the  thircl  Book  of  his  Epigrams. 

As  thefe  Poems  gain'd  him  the  Love  and  Efteem  of  all  Men  of 
Learning,  ib  his  Biggotrv  and  Zeal  fof  the  Principles  and  Do(5lrinei 
of  the  Calvinijls,  gained  him  fuch  an  Efteem  amongft  the  Mini- 
fters,  that  although  he  was  a  meer  Laick  (as  indeed  moft  or  all 
of  themfelves  were  )  they  made  Choice  of  him  for  their  Modera-  Mod  ""'*' 


etitoi 
to  the 


tor  to  tlic  National  A(fembly  of  their  Church,    met  at  Edtnhrgh'^.U^^ 
upon  die  ijth  of  "June  156I'  '''^' 

Six  in 


1 64  The  Life  of  Afr.  G  hOK  Gh  J^  UCH  A  N  A  N.  V„l.  Jff. 

r^^^^''*^  In  tins  Alleinbly  the  Superiinendants  of  yln^ns  and  Bergen)  were 
^'^  fent  to  the  Lords  of  the  I'rivy  Council^  to  dc/irc  their  Lordfhips 
to  meet  and  concur  with  them,  in  (ccthnc;  the  Affairs  of  the  ChurLli, 
upon  which  they  made  an  Overture  to  the  AfTembly,  that  the  No- 
ble Men  who  adhered  to  tlie  Qiieen  and  lierlncercfl  fhould  likewife 
be  adverti(ed  to  meet  with  them;  that  all  of  them  mii;ht  concur 
in  fo  <Tood  a  Work.  'Buchanan  and  his  Brethren  were  very  well 
plcaled  with  this  Overture,  fo  they  prorogued  their  Meeting  to  the 
20  of  July  next ;  and  in  the  mean  Time  appointed  circular  Letters 
to  be  wrote  to  the  Earls  of  v^rgj/f,  Huntly,  Caithnefs,  Rothes,  Craiv- 
ford  and  Monteith,  the  Lords  Boyd,  Drumnwnd,  Hereis,  Catkart, 
Tejler,  Fleewing  and  Somervel,  and  to  the  Commendators  of  ^ber- 
hrothock,  Killwinntng,  Dumfermling,  St.  Cohuke.  JNezobottle,  and 
Hiily-Rood-Houfe.  Thefe  being  the  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen 
whom  they  fulpeifled  moft,  for  favouring  of  the  Queen's  Intereft, 
and  that  their  Letters  might  obtain  the  greater  Credit,  they  fent 
fohn  Knox,  Mr.  fohn  Douglas,  Mr.  John  Row  and  Mr.  fohn  Craig 
iiieir  Commillioners,  to  enforce  them,  either  by  fair  and  gentle 
Means,  or  by  rhreatning  to  cut  them  ofFfrom  the  Communion  of 
the  Church  :  But  mod  of  all  thefe  Noblemen  either  abfolutely  re- 
fufed  to  meet  with  them,  or  fent  their  Excufes  either  by  Writing  or 
VVoid  of  Mouth,  upon  the  Account  ot  the  Imprifonment  of  the 
Queen  their  lawful  Sovereign,  and  the  ftrong  Garrifon  that  was 
then  in  Edinbueah.  And  the  Earl  of  (lArgyle  and  the  Lord  Boydy 
told  them  in  their  Anfwers,  That  as  to  zvhat  concerned  the  Tolicy 
of  the  Church,  they  hoped  that  they  vjould  make  no  alterations  till 
there  was  a  <*y^feeting  of  the  EJlates,  Although  both  of  them  had 
fubfcribed  the  Book  of  Policy  long  betore,  and  made  no  Scruple 
either  of  Law  or  Cuftom  at  that  Time. 

The  Noblemen  who  oppofed  the  Queen,  finding  that  they  could 
not  induce  the  other  Noblemen  to  meet  with  them,  they  joined 
with  the  AlVembly,  who  had  appointed  a  folemn  Fafl;  to  be  kept  at 
Edinburgh  the  Day  before  they  fat :  So  the  next  Day  Buchanan  and 
his  Brethren  opened  the  Alfembly,  and  the  following  Articles  were 
agreed  to.  fi>"J},  That  the  Adts  made  in  the  Parliament  on  14th 
of  Augufl  1 560,  concerning  Religion,  and  the  abolifhing  of  the 
PoDf's  Authority,  fliould  be  extraded  furth  of  the  Regifters,  and 
have  the  Force  of  a  publick  Law,  and  that  the  faid  Parliament,  in 
fo  far  as  concerns  the  Ads  made  by  them  in  Favours  of  the  Refor- 
med Religion,  fhould  be  maintain'd  and  defended  by  them  as  a 
lawful  Parliament  held  by  fufficient  CommiiTion  from  the  Queen 
then  being  in  France,  and  be  ratify 'd  in  the  firft  Parliament  which 
fhould  happen  to  be  kept  within  the  Realm,  idly,  That  till  per- 
fedf  Order  might  be  taken  for  reftoring  the  Patrimony  of  the  Church, 
the  Ad:  of  Aflignation  of  the  Thirds  of  Benefices,  for  the  fuftaining 
the  Miniftry  fhould  be  put  in  due  Execution.  3^/y,  That  an  Ad 
of  Council  made  with  the  Confent  of  her  Majefty,  touching  the 
conterring  of  fmall  Benefices  within  the  Value  of  jOOMerks  to  Mi- 

nifters 


Vol.  1 1  J.         Tk  Ltfe  of  Mr,  Q-EOKGE  BUCHANAN.  i6$ 

niftcrs  fhould  be  put  in  Praaice,  as  likcwife  the  Acfls  for  Annuals,  ^^^^-^ 
Obits  and  Aultcrages,  efpccially  within  JJrughs.  i^thly,  That  the>AA* 
flirt  lawful  Parliament  that  fhould  be  kept,  or  fooncr  if  Occafion 
mi'j;ht  fcrve,  the  Cluuch  of  Chrifl;  within  diis  Kingdom  fhould  be 
fultv  icAorcd  unto  the  Patrimony  belonging  to  the  flunc,  and  that 
notliing  be  pafl  in  Parliament  before  tha't,  and  other  Matters  of  the 
Church  were  firft  coniidered  and  approved.  In  the  mean  Time, 
the  Barons  and  other  ProfelTors  of  Religion  then  prefent,  did  wil- 
lingly offer  and  confent  to  reform  themfelves  in  the  Matter  of  the 
Church  Patrimony,  according  to  the  Book  of  God,  and  to  put  the 
Time  in  Pracftice  for  their  own  Parts,  ordaining  tiie  Refufers  and 
Contiavcencis  of  the  fame  to  be  fecluded  from  all  Benefits  of  the 
Church  ;  and  it  vi'as  further  agreed,  that  in  the  next  Parliament,  or 
othcrwife,  at  the  firfl  Occafion,  Orders  fhould  be  taken  for  the 
Eafe  of  the  Labourers  of  the  Ground,  in  the  Payment  of  their 
Tithes ;  and  that  the  fame  fhould  not  be  difponed  to  any  others, 
without  dicir  Advice  or  Confent.  5//;/y,  That  none  fhould  be 
permitred  to  bear  Charge  in  the  Schools,  Colleges  and  Univerfi- 
ties,  nor  allowed  publickly  orprivately  to  inflrucfb  the  Youdi,  except 
fuch  as  fhould  firfl:  be  tryed  by  the  Superintendants  and  Vifitors  of 
the  Church,  who  being  found  duely  qualify 'd,  fhould  be  admitted 
by  themfelves  to  their  Charges.  6thlj^  That  all  Crimes  and  Offen- 
ces committed  againfl  the  Law  of  God,  fhould  be  fcverely  puni- 
fhed  according  to  the  Word  of  God,  and  Judges  deputed  for  Exe- 
cution thereof,  or  if  there  be  no  Laws  as  yet  made,  nor  Judges  ap- 
pointed for  the  Punifhment  of  fuch  Crimes,  that  the  fame  'fhould 
be  done  in  the  firfl:  Parliament.  "Jthly,  That  feeing  the  horrible  Mur- 
der of  the  Kin<j;  her  Majefty's  Husband,  is  a  Crime  mofl:  odious  before 
God,  and  tending  to  the  perpetual  Shame  and  Infamy  of  the  Re- 
alm, if  the  fame  fhould  not  ht  exemplary  punifhcd.  The  Noble- 
men, Barons  and  other  Profeflbrs  of  Religion,  fhould  employ  their 
whole  Forces,  Strength  and  Power,  for  the  jufl:  Punifhment  of  all 
and  whatfocver  Perfons  that  fhould  be  try'd  and  found  guilty  of  the 
fame.  8//;/y,  Since  it  has  pleafed  God  to  give  a  native  Prince  to 
the  Country,  who  in  all  Appearance  fhall  become  their  King  and 
Sovereign,  leafl  he  fhould  be  murdered,  and  wickedly  taken  away 
as  his  Father  was,  the  Nobility,  Barons  and  others  underfubfcribing» 
fhould  aflifl  maintain  and  defend  the  Prince,  againfl  all  that  fhoufd 
attempt  to  do  him  any  Injury.  Qthly,  That  all  Kings  and  Princes, 
that  in  any  Time  hereafter  fhall  liappen  to'-Rei^n,  and  have  the 
Rule  of  the  Realm,  fhall  in  the  firft  Entry,  and  before  they  be  ei- 
dicr  crowned  or  inaugurated,  give  their  Oath,  and  faithfully '  Pro- 
niifc  unto  the  true  Church  of  God,  for  maintaining  and  defending 
by  all  Means,  the  true  Religion  of  Chrifl,  prefently  profefled  with- 
in tlic  Kingdom.  io//;/y,  That  the  Prince's  Education  fhould  bo 
comniitted  to  the  Care  of  four  wife  and  godly  Men,  to  be  trained 
up  in  Virtue  and  the  Fear  of  CJod,  that  when  he  cometh  to  Age,' 
lie  may  dilcharge  himfclf  fufficiently  of  that  Place  and  HonoQr, 

T  I  where-" 


166  The  Life  of  Mr.  GEOKGE  BUG  HAN  AM.         Vol.  Hf. 

A^^  whereunto  he  is  called.  And,  Lafly,  That  the  Nobility,  Haroni 
^-"V^  and  others  undcrfubfcribing,  fhoulJ  faithfully  promifc  to  coiivccn 
themfelves  in  Arms,  for  the  rooting  out  of  klolatry,  efpccially  tlic 
blafphemous  Ma(s,  without  Exception  of  I'lace  or  Pcrfon.  And 
likewile,  fhould  remove  all  Idolaters  and  others,  not  admitted  to 
the  preaching  of  the  Word,  from  the  bearing  of  any  f uncftion  in 
the  Church,  whicii  may  be  a  Hinderancc  to  the  Miniftry  in  any 
Sort,  and  in  their  Places  appoint  Superintendants,  Mimdcrs  anil 
other  needful  Members  of  the  Church.  And  further,  fliould  (aith- 
fully  bind  theml'elves  to  reform  all  Schools,  Colleges  and  Univcr- 
fities  througiiout  the  Realm,  by  removing  all  fuch  as  arc  not  of 
the  Reformed  Religion,  and  planting  faithul  Teacliers  in  their 
Rooms,  lead  tiie  Youth  fKould  be  corrupted  with  poifonable  Dot\- 
rine  in  their  younger  Yeats,  which  afterwards  would  not  eafily  be 
removed.  They  Iikewife  (a )  appointed.  That  the  Qiieen  fhould 
renounce  the  Crown  and  Royal  Power,  in  Favours  of  the  Prince 
her  Son,  with  a  Commifllon  to  invefl  him  in  the  Kingdom,  and  a 
Procuration  was  given  to  the  Lords  Lindjay  and  liiithven,  to  give 
up  and  refign  the  Realm  in  Prel'ence  of  the  Eftates,  and  another 
Commifllon  was  given,  ordering  the  ¥.ixd  of  Murray,  the  Queen's 
Baflard  Brother,  and  Buchanan  sold  Pupil,  to  be  Regent  during  the 
Prince's  Minority,  and  that  in  Cafe  he  refufed  to  accept  of  it  in  his 
fingle  Perfbn,  that  he  with  the  Duke  of  Chattelheranlt,  the  Earls  of 
Lennox,  d/drgyle,  ylthol,  cy'kforton,  Glencairn  and  o^Mary  Ihould 
joindy  govern  and  adminiftrat  all  publick  Afrairs. 

Thcfe  Articles  were  agreed  to,  and  fubfcribed  in  Prefence  of  the 
AfTembly,  by  the  Earls  o(  Morton,  Glencairnind  Mar,  the  Lords 
Honje,  Riithven,  Sanquhar,  Lmdjay,  Graham,  Jnrterineath  and  Ochil- 
trie  ;  and  many  Barons  and  CommifTioners  of  Burghs,  and  publi- 
fhed  over  the  Market  Crofs  of  EdinbHrgh,   upon  the  29th  X^xy  of 

July . 

Thus  rofe  this  monflrous  AfTembly,  who  like  their  Head,  Bitcha^ 
nan,  acfted  in  a  double  Capacity  as  Clergy  and  Lay-men,  tho'  they 
had  no  Commifllon  or  Power  to  a(5t  as  either,  dethroning  their  So- 
vereign,   and  prefcribing  Rules  for  th^  SuccefTor,    and  States  of 
Parliament.     Hitherto  Buchanan  had  lived  privately  at  St. Andrews, 
and  rather  Teemed  to  favour  the  Queen  than  her  Enemies ;   as  it 
appears  Trom  the  Teveral   VerTes  tliat  he  wrote  in  Commendation 
of  her,  and  for  which  he  always^  taflcd  of  the  Royal  Bounty,  which 
(he  largely  beftowed  upon  him  : '  But  according  to  his  accuflomed 
•r"«i"g»- Gratitude  to  his  Benefadors,    after  this,  he  fell  into  all  the  Inde- 
Queen!"'*" cencies  that  enraged  and  hellifh  Malice  could  be  guilty  oT    And 
one  'I  ™he  ^hc  fitfl  Thing  that  was  done  in  Obedience  to  them,  was  the  Crown- 
«p""',  "Ind  '"S    ^^  ^'^^  young  Prince  in  the  Church  of  Stirling,  upon  the  ZOth 
on.  of  A.e    of  oAuzuli.  And  in  a  Meeting  of  Tome  of  the  Nobility  at  Bdinburph, 

Commimo-      ■T'Troi,*-  •?  »T«iir>i  iii 

.eci  for ac- the  Earl  or   (^Murray  the  Queens  Baftard  Brother,    was  declared 
Q.u«u!  *   Regent,    and  Buchanan  was  chofen  one  of  the  King's  Preceptor's, 

and 

Vid.  Pctnt's  Church  Hift.  Pict  3.  Pige  }j«. 


Vol.  III.         The  Life  Mr.  GEOllG  t  B  UCH  AN  AN.  167 

and  the  next  Year  he  was  chofen  one  of  tlie  Comminioners  that  2^^'7»(P, 
was  fcnt  to  England  againft  the  Qiieen.  AndCanihden  tells  us,  that*^V^' 
it  was  about  this  Time  he  wrote  insDetedionof  the  Doings  of  Maty 
^cen  of  Scots,  and  of  JsLmes  Earl  of  Bothw ell,  againft  Henry  Lord 
Darnly,  tho'  it  was  not  publifhed  till  fome  Years  thereafter ;  in  this 
fcandsilous  Libel,  he  endeavours  not  only  to  blacken  the  Queen 
with  the  murdering  of  her  Husband,  but  by  feveral  counterfeit 
Letters  and  Verfes  to  reprefent  her  as  one  of  the  lewdeft  Women 
of  the  Age.  All  which  we  fhall  fhew  to  be  mere  Afperfions  and 
Lies,  in  the  Life  of  that  illuftrious  Princefs ;  but  he  not  only  thus 
afperfed  his  Royal  Miftrifs,  but  likewife  aded  a  difgraceful  Part, 
both  as  to  his  Nation,  and  the  Characfler  which  he  bore>  by  the 
begging  Verfes  which  he  fent  to  the  Englijh  Courtiers,  and  for 
which  he  was  often  rewarded,  as  we  find  by  his  Poems. 

After  Buchanans  Return  from  England,    for   the  good  Service 
tliat  he  had  done  by  his  fcandalous  Lybels,  he  had  tiie  Abbacv  of 
Crofs-Raguel  beftowed  upon  him,  and  was  made  Diredor  to  the 
Chancery.     Upon  the  23d  o(  January  1569,  his  Pupil  the  Retrent 
was  murdered  at  Ltnlithgoio,  which  wa^  a  heavy  Stroke  to  him,'^  for 
he  loved  him  as  his  own  Life.     Yet  we  find  his  Succeftbr  the  Earl  of 
cyMorton,  who  was  made  Regent  or  Governour  of  the  i^ealm,   did 
not  negle<ff  him,  for  he  made  him  one  of  the  Lords  of  the  Privy 
Council,  and  Lord  Privy  Seal.     Neitlier  did  Queen  Eliz^abeth  for- 
get the  Service  that  he  had  done  to  her,  whilft  he  was  in  England^ 
in  defaming  her  Royal  Sifter  Queen  Mary,  for  which  he  had  a  Pen- 
(ion  of  an  lOO  Pounci  Sterling  Wit\G.d  upon  him  yearly,  as  I  find  by 
a  Lift  in  the  Cotton  Library  of  the  Scots  Penfionaries,    whom  fhe 
yearly  rewarded  for  fomenting  Divifions  in  their  native  Country. 
And  fo  grateful  he  was  to  Queen  EUz^abeth  for  this  Penfion  of  his, 
that  he  no  fooner  entered  into  Pay,  but  without  any  Regard  to  his 
native  Country,  his  Duty  to  his  lawful  Sovereign,    the  Obligations 
that  he  owed  to  his  Pupil  the  yourfg  Prince,  he  immediately  publi- 
ftied  his  Book  of  the  Rtght  oj  the  Scots  Kings,    which  has  laid  a  la- 
fting  Foundation  of  Rebellion  witji  the  unrhinking^^ob,    and  has 
been  one  of  the  main  Defences  of  all  the  Rebellions  that  has  been 
ever  fince  that  Time  raifed  againft  our  Monarchs.     This  Book  is 
wrote  byway  of  Dialogue  in  Imitation  of  thofe  ofX"/«ro's,    whofe 
Stile  |ie  has  io  well  imitated,  that  for  the  Language,  it  is  deferved- 
ly  efteemed  as  a  Mafter-Piece  in  its  Kind,    the  Dialogue  is  betwixt 
'Buchanan  and  Mr.  Ti)fimas  Maitland,  a  learned  and  a  Loyal  Gentle- 
man, whom  he  reprefents  as, newly  returned  from  his  Travels,  and 
furpriz'd  at  their  -cebellious  Proceedings  againft  their  Sovereign. 
For  vindicating  of  which,  Buchanan  endeavours,    Firji,    To  prove 
in  general,    tiiat  Men  were  born  to  live  in  Society,    and  for  this 
they  inajc  Choice  of  the  ny)ft  virtuous  Men  to  be  their  Gover- 
nour6,.  tiiat  as  Difcords  and  Divifions  obliged  Men  to  creat  Kings 
at  /irft,  the  Injuries  that  tlicfe  Kings  might  do  their  Subje(5ts,  obli-' 
gcd  ihcni  to  make  Laws,  according  to  which  tliey  fliould  be  obli- 

T  t  1  ged 


An.    15S1. 


168  The  Life  0/"  TWa  Ci  EOR  G  H  BUCHANAN.  Vol.111. 

ced  to  "ovcni  tlicm,  yet  there  arc  fomc  Things  that  thcfc  /.aws  do 
not  contain,  and  whicn  intirely  depend  upon  tlic  AdminiOration  of 
thcfc  Kini^s,  fucli  are  the  Deliberations  and  Precautions  a^ainfl  what 
may  difturb  the  Stare,  in  which  Cafe  they  ought  to  take  the  Advice  of 
prudent  and  wile  Men  :  And  as  to  the  Enquiries  after  the  Matters 
of  Facft,  they  ou^lu  to  leave  them  to  the  Judges  that  are  well  /een 
in  the  Laws,  and  who  will  judge  of  them  according  to  the  Law ; 
that  the  Power  of  making  new  Laws  rcfides  in  the  People  or  their 
Reprefentatives  the  States  of  Parliament ;  for  if  otherwife,  Xings 
fliould  be  allowed  to  make  new  Laws  as  they  pleafed,  then  wc 
fhould  fall  into  the  Inconveniencies  they  endeavoured  to  fhun  by 
their  eled^ing  of  them  ;  for  in  this  Cafe  they  would  be  above  the 
Laws,  and  conlcquently  their  Government  would  be  abfolute  and 
arbitrary;  nay,  which  is  more,  they  ought  not  to  be  allowed  to 
interpret  die  Laws  j  for  if  they  were,  they  would  give  them  what- 
ever Glofs  or  Senfe  tliey  pleafed,  as  the  Popes  do  upon  the  facred 
Scriptures,  and  the  Canons  of  the  Councils.  After  this,  Bnchanan 
gives  us  a  Defcription  of  a  good  King  and  a  Tyrant ;  and  as  to 
what  may  be  oppofed  to  this  Doctrine  from  the  Lex  Repa,  our 
Author  fays,  that  tho'  the  Emperor  Jujlinian  was  a  good  Prince, 
and  approved  of  that  Law  which  gave  an  abfolute  Power  to  the 
Emperors,  yet  it  does  not  follow,  that  it  was  therefore  a  good  Law 
in  it  fclf,  the  befl  of  Princes  being  pleafed  with  this  Sort  of  flattery 

£t  qui  mlunt  occidere  qtienqnam 

pojje  volant. 

Now  to  make  an  Application  of  all  this  to  the  Scots,  Buchanan 
fays,  that  the  ancient  Scots  made  choice  of  fuch  Perfons  to  be  their 
Kings  as  they  knew  to  be  virtuous,  and  under  whofe  Government 
they  happened  to  live  happily  ;  and  thofe  who  anfwered  not  their 
Expedfations,  but  reign'd  tyrannically,  they  never  failed  to  call  them 
before  the  Parliament,  to  imprifon,  baniih  or  execute  them,  with- 
out ever  their  SuccefTors  (who  were  not  chofen  as  neaiefl:  of  Blood, 
but  thofe  who  were  moft  capable  to  govern)  revenging  the  fame, 
that  on  the  contrary,  whenever  fadious  Subjedts  rofe  in  Rebellion 
ac^ainfl  their  good  Kings,  the  Affafins  and  Rebels  were  moft  feverely 
punifhed  ;  that  fince  King  Kenneth  Ill's  Time,  who  made  the  Mo- 
narchy hereditary,  the  Scots  had  not  loft  their  ancient  Rights  and 
Privileges,  as  it  appears  from  the  Examples  of  thofe  Kings,  who 
fince  that  Time  have  been  puniflied  for  abufing  their  Authority  : 
And  yet  in  his  Time,  in  feveral  of  the  ancient  Families  of  the 
Weflern  Iflands  oi  Scotland,  the  Chiftains  of  Clans  weredepofed  if 
they  followed  not  the  Advice  of  their  neareft  Relations  and  Friends : 
And  the  Truth  of  all  this  further  appears  from  this,  that  fince  die 
Kings  fwear  at  their  Inauguration,  to  obferve  inviolably  the  Laws 
and  Privileges  of  the  Nat'ion,  it  makes  it  appear  that  they  are  only 
Kings  upon  that  Condition,  and  whenever  they  tranfgrefs  tfief  e  Laws, 
they  are  no  more  our  Kings,    but  perjured  Tyrants.     After  this, 

'Buchanan 


Vol.111.  qlje  Ltje  of  Mn  GEORGE  BUCHANAN.  i6^ 

Buchanan  anfwers  the  Objccflions  that  are  brought   againft  this  J^,^ 
Do(ftrine  from  the  Old  and  New  Teftament,  and  fays,  that  the  Kinc;''''^'**^ 
that  is  fpolcen  of,  i  Sam.  Cliap.  viii.  ii.  is  a  tyrannical  King,    be- 
caufe  Cod  difcharged  them  from  making  him,  T>etit.  xvii.  i6.  and 
following  Verfes,  and  which  Samuel  foretold  he  fhould  be  ;  and  as 
for  thofc  TalTages  of  St.  Prf«/'s,  where  he  enjoins  aU  Chriftians  to 
pray  for  die  Powers  that  are  fet  over  us,  and  for  Kirtg^  to  whom  we 
arc  dcHred  to  fubmit,  not  only  for  Fear,  but  for  Confcience  Sake. 
For  the^  that  re/iJI,  receive  unto  themfehes  "Damnation,  i  T/w.Ch.ii.v.i. 
Tit.  Chap.  iii.  (5.  Rom.xiu.d.  He  fays,  we  ought  to  pray  for  wicked 
Princes,  as  well  as  for  good  ones,  that  we  may  live  in  Peace  under 
them,  as  S.  Paul  fays,  for  Prayer  and  SubmilTlon  have  a  Relation  to 
all  Sorts  of  Magiftrates,  as  well  as  to  Kings,  whofe  Powers  are  not 
unlimited,  as  fome  affirm  :  Befides,  S.P^«/makes  not  this  Addrefs  to 
the  Senate  or  Parliament  as  Reprefentatives  of  the  People,  nor  to 
the  fubaltcrn  Magiftrates,  but  to  a  few  of  the  poor  indigent  People> 
who  had  no  Share  in  tlie  Government  of  the  Empire  j  and  it  be- 
longed not  to  fuch  People  to  oppofe  the  Emperor,  or  the  meaneft 
Ma^iftrate  of  the  Empire,  die  fafeft  and  wifeft  Way  for  them,  being 
to  fubmit  without  Murmuring,  or  making  of  the  leaft  Refiftance. 

Buchanan,  to  [how  chat  Kings  are  anfvverable  for  their  Conducfb 
here  upon  Earth,  brings  as  a  Proof  of  it,  the  uOaal  Condudl  of  the 
Church  o^  Rome,  who  m  all  Eeelefiaftical  Matters  makes  them  fub- 
\e€t  to  the  Popes  and  Bifhops,  and  yet  the  Church  of  Rome  never 
pretended  that  either  the  Popes  or  Bifhops  could  not  be  called  to 
an  Account  for  their  Doings,  but  on  the  contrary,  have  done  it  very 
often  :  And  here  he  approves  and  brings  in  the  Diftindiion  betwixc 
the  Pope  and  the  Papacy,   and  fhews  how  the  Pope  may  be  puni- 
fhcd,  without  any  Hurt  done  to  the  Papacy,  which  he  applies  to  the 
Monarch  and  the  Monarchy  :    And  fhews  that  the  punifhing  of  a 
wicked  Monarch  is  noways  prejudicial  to  the  Monarchy :  And  altho 
he  acknowledges  diat  the  Scripture  fays  nothing  of  all  this,  yet  he 
fays    that  we  have  as  good  Ri^ht  to  do  it,  as  to  eftablifh  an  Infinity 
of  Laws,  ofwhich  the  facred  Writers  have  faid  nothing.  Moreover, 
if  St.  Paul  had  wrote  to  Societies,    of  which  the  Magiftrates  and 
Sovereign  were  Members,  as  they  are  at  this  Day  amongft  Chrifti- 
ans,  he  would  have  given  Precepts  to  thefe  Powers,    and  marked 
out' the  Limits  of  their  Power,  as  well  as  he  had  done  to  thof>  that 
obey  them  :  If  the  Chriftians  that  live  at  this  Day  under  the  Twrfcx, 
fhould  demand  Advice  of  our  Chriftian  Bifhops,'    no  doubt  tliey 
would  give  them  S.  "Bauh  Advice,    to  fubmit  and  pray,  becaufe  ic 
were  Folly  in  them  to  attempt  to  do  otherwife. 

Our  Author  fays,  that  if  any  one  defires  an  Example  from  facred 
Scriptures  of  Subjcds  punifhing  their  Kincs,  he  anfwers  them,  tliac 
there  arc  a  great  niany  good  Laws  in  all  States  and  Kingdoms,  thac 
are  not  to  be  found  in  the  Scriptures.  And  on  the  other  Hand,  fi^ 
demands  of  them  a  formal  Paffage  from  the  facred  Scriptures,  dil- 
tiiaiging  the  People  from  killing  a  Tyrant,  he  fays,  heisfure,  mat 


jyo  77;f  Itfe  of  Mr.  C  H  O  K  (;  I-   BUCHANAN.  Vc ,1.  J f  [. 

Clf'^"^  no  fuch  Palfagc  can  be  found,  tlic  Scriptures  being  filcnt  in  fncli 
''^^  Matters  of  Politick's.  Then  our  Author  Ihewj  from  the  Grecian^ 
Rowan^  French.,  'Dj«/y7;ancl  JVo/j  Hiftorics,  that  thefe  Nations  have 
often  punifhcd  their  Kings,  when  they  abufcd  the  Power  that  was 
"iven  to  them  by  the  People  :  Many  Inftances  of  which  are  to  be 
ihown  in  the  Scots  Hiftory,  particularly  in  CuIcuhs,  Bverms,  I\ir- 
mhard,  and  James  III.  And  tho'  what  he  lias  (aid,  may,  as  he 
thinks,  fufiiciently  convince  the  Scots  ot  the  Lawfulncfs  of  punifhing 
their  Kin^s,  yet  for  their  further  Satistadion,  he  appeals  to  them, 
and  to  all  the  World,  if  it  be  not  better  that  Kings  ihouUl  be  rubjetH: 
to  the  Laws,  and  punilhed  by  them,  than  that  they  fhould  be  above 
them,  and  act  according  to  tlieir  Caprices:  Neither  is  this  preju- 
dicial to  "ood  Kings,  who  obferve  the  Laws  of  their  Country,  and 
as  for  the  wicked  Kings,  none  can  doubt  but  tliat  it's  better  botli 
for  the  People  and  themfelves  that  they  be  kept  in  Order :  They 
who  diftngage  fuch  from  the  Bounds  that  are  prefcribcd  by  tlic 
Laws,  looie  againft  the  Laws  and  Reafon  two  furious  Monfters,'^/^, 
Cruelty,  and  an  unbounded  Avarice.  For,  fays  he,  oAnJlotle  was 
certainly  in  the  Right,  when  in  the  Third  Book  of  his  Politicks,  he 
fays,  'That  he  zvho  orders  ivhi't  Reafon  commands^  Jeems  to  order 
zvhat  the  Cods  and  the  Laws  command,  but  he  that  pins  any  Thing 
of  cPWiw  to  it,  joins  a  loild  Beaft,  or  an  unbounded  oAvarice. 

'Tis  very  evident,  lays  our  Author,  that  Kings  were  made  for  the 
People,  for  if  there  were  no  People  or  Societies,  there  would  be  no 
life  for  Kings  ;  and  lince  that  which  is  only  becaufe  of  another 
Thing  is  lefs  excellent  than  it,  it  follows  that  Kings  are  lefs  excel- 
lent than  the  People,  who  are  fubjedl  to  them  in  their  Members 
that  confticutes  theii  Societies,  and  confequently  thefe  Societies  have 
greater  Authority  than  their  Kings,  and  call  them  to  an  Account 
tor  their  Maladminiftration  \  neither  ought  we  to  be  furprized  at 
this,  fince  they  appear  even  before  Inferior  Judges  by  their  Procu- 
rators, when  they  would  join  to  their  Dominions  any  Tiling  tliat 
does  not  properly  belong  to  them  :  And  is  it  not  abfurd  ayd  ridi- 
culous, fays  our  Author,  to  fuppofe  that  they  fhould  be  obliged  to 
give  an  Account  for  their  ufurping  a  Garden,  a  Meadow,  or  fuch 
like  Trifles,  and  that  they  fhould  not  be  obliged  to  give  an  Account 
of  their  MafTacres,  Oppreflions,  and  other  Adls  of  Cruelty  and  In- 
juflice  done  to  their  Subjeds  :  Befides,  there  is  a  Contracft  betwixt 
all  Princes  and  their  Subjei5ls,  and  they  who  firfl  break  it,  lofe  their 
Dominion  and  Power  j  and  this  has  been  the  Sentiment  of  all  thofe 
who  oppofed  their  lawful  Kings  when  they  became  Tyrants,  and 
fuch  were  of  old  the  wifeft  and  happiefl  People  in  the  World.  The 
Grecians  and  the  Romans  who  fometimes  endured  a  moderate  Ty- 
ranny, when  they  could  live  with  any  Security,  as  in  the  Reigns  of 
Vcfpaftan,  Titus  and  Pertinax  amongfl  the  Romans,  and  of  u^lex- 
ander  and  Hteron  amongfl  the  Grecians  j  fo  loth  were  they  to  op- 
pofe  their  Princes,  till  they  came  to  Extremities.  But  that  Kin^s 
may  and  ought  to  be  judged,  our  Author  endeavours  laflly  to  make 

appear 


Vol.  III.         T7;f  Life  o-  Afr.  GhOKGE  BUCHANAN.  171 

appear  troni  this,  tliac  tiiey  are  fubjecft  to  the  Church,  wlio  can  JJ^j^^^ 
Excommunicate  them,  and  confequently  Damn  them,  which  is^'^'>/*^ 
worfe  than  Death,  and  whatever  other  Nations  may  think  ot  this 
Dodlrine,  (  fays  he  )  I  am  Jure  that  it  is  according  to  the  Conjlitution 
of  the  Scots  Monarchy.  This  Book  of  "Buchanans  was  fevcrely  ani- 
madvcitcd  upon,  and  fully  anfwered  by  Aiam  Blackwood,  an  emi- 
nent Lawyer  in  the  Prefidial  Court  at  Poitiers,  as  the  Reader  will 
find  in  that  Author's  Life. 

Our  Author's  next  Performance;    was  his  celebrated  Hiftory  of 
die  Scots  Nation,  which  he  dedicated  to  his  Pupil  the  young  Prince, 
as  he  did  likewife  his  Book,  de  Jure  iJf^«/,  and  indeed  his  Hiflory.nd'Book''Z 
Teems  to  be  written  upon  no  other  Defign,  but  to  fupport  the  Prin-^o'nd.mn"!! 
ciples  that  he  had  laid  down  in  that  rebellious  Book,  and  for  wliich  p|;,i*^,M, 
both   of  them  were  afterwards  condemn'd   by  k€t  of  Parliament. 
This   Hiftory     contains    the  Reigns    of  an  hundred   and  eight 
Kings,  from  Fergus  the  L   to  King   James  the  VI.  commencing 
from  tlie  330  Year  before  the  Birth  of  Chrift,    till  the  Year  1581, 
in  which  he  ends.     Here  we  have  the  Tranfadlions  of  the  Affairs 
of  Scotland  for  one  thoufand  and  nine  hundred  Years.     It  confifts 
of  20  Books  wrote  in  a  Stile  of  Latine  little  inferior  to  any  of  the 
Ancients,  in  the  firft  three  Books,  he  treats  at  length  of  the  ancient 
Names  given  to  Great-Britain,    gives  a  Geographical  Defcription 
of  Scotland.,  an  Account  of  fome  ancient  Cuftoms  amongft  the  Scots., 
of  tile  firft  Inhabitants  of  Britain,   die  Manner  of  peopling  it,  ,  a 
Defence  of  our  Antiquity,    and  firft  Settlement,    againft  Humphry 
Llujd  and  other  Engltjh  Writers.     All  the  other  Books  contain  the 
Lives  and  Tranfadlions  of  the  feveral  Kings  that  he  mentions,    of 
wiiich  we  have  given  already  an  Account  in  the  fecond  Volume  of 
tliis  Work  ;  and  by  the  whole  Tracft  of  this  Hiftory,   one  will  find 
as  we  have  faid,  that  he  wrote  it  only  to  juftify  all  the  Rebellions 
diat  had  been  raifed  againft  the  Royal  Family,  upon  the  Principles 
which  he  lays  down  in  his  Book  de  fure  Regni  :  But  above  all,  he 
feems  to  iiave  had  a  fpecial  Eye  to  juftify  the  Meafures  that  were 
taken  againft  his  Royal  Miftrifs  and  Benefaiflor  Queen  cy]<fary,  in 
which  his  beloved  Pupil,  her  Baftard  Brother  the  Earl  of  Murray, 
had  die  grcatcft  Hand. 

This  Hiftory  was  no  fooner  publiflied,  but  As  we  have  faid,  it 
was  condemned,  and  he  was  cited  by  the  Lords  of  the  Privy  Coun- 
cil to  appear  before  them,  but  he  died  betwixt  the  Day  of  his  Ci- 
tation and  Compearance.  Befides  Buchanans  Works  which  we  have  AnAceoom 
already  fpoke  of,  he  publiflied  an  Admonition  to  die  true  Lords, voikV" 
printed  by  Lyprivick  at  Stirling,  in  1571,  which  is  a  bloody  Satyr 
againft  the  Family  of  Hamilton,  wrote  in  tiie  old  Scots  Language. 
Sir  Robert  S-^bbald  in  his  Commentary  upon  our  Author's  Life  prin- 
ted at  Edinburgh  in  1701,  lias  publiflied  a  Poem  under  his  Name, 
againft  the  Cardinal  oi  Lorrain,  which  he  had  from  die  learned 
Dodtor  Jamejon.  Mr.  Oliphant  has  publiflied  another  Poem  from 
the  Cotton  Library,  called  the  Chameliori  againft  Secretary  Lithing- 

U  u  1  ton 


lyi  The  Life  of  Mr.  GEORGE  BUCHANAN.         Vol.  ///. 

"j:^;/^  ton.  The  fame  Gentleman  has  likewife  piiblifhcd  fomc  of  our  Au- 
'^'^  thor's  Letters  to  his  Friends,  and  their  AnCwers  to  him,  all  which, 
U'itli  (cvcral  others  that  were  never  before  publifhed,  arc  to  be  foiiiid 
in  that  moll  beautiful  and  correcft  Edition  of  liuchanan\  Works, 
printed  by  Mr.  freekiirn  in  two  Volumes  in  Folio,  at  EJnihnr^l) 
1714.  And  molt  acurately  compared  with  the  various  Editions  and 
Manufcripts,  hy  Thomns  Ruddiman  Keeper  of  the  Lawvers  Lil>rary, 
wliofe  Knowledge  in  the  Belles  Lettres,  has  defcrvcdly  gaiiied  him 
the  Efteem  and  Reputation  of  one  furticicntly  qualify 'd  for  fiich  an 
Undertakiii'^.  It  is  true,  that  in  this  Edition  we  have  not  his  De- 
tcdion,  nor  fomc  other  Writings  under  his  Name,  fuch  as  the 
Notes  upon  Virgil^  which  are  in  the  Library  of  the  College  of 
Ed'nibttrgh,  the  Life  of  Queen  Mary  in  the  oW  Scots  Language, 
which  is  nothing  but  tlie  Detedlion,  tranflated  by  one  who  has  not 
been  very  well  verfcd  in  the  Latin,  the  Meaning  of  which  he  very  of- 
ten millakes ;  (o  that  confidering  that  none  of  thefe  were  worthy  of 
committing  to  the  Prefs,  die  Republick  is  at  no  great  Lofs  by  them, 
and  now  I  fhall  proceed  to  give  an  Account  of  his  Death  and  Cha- 
rader  amongft  the  Learned. 
HisDe.th  He  died  iiiZ  Edinburgh  upon  die  5th  Day  o^  December  1581,  in 
"jier.  '  the  76  Year  of  his  Age.  I  was  told  by  the  right  Honourable  the  Earl 
o(  Cromarty,  who  died  in  the  8  j  Year  of  his  Age,  who  had  it  from 
iiis  Grandfather  the  Lord  Invertyle,  one  of  Mr.  Buchanans  Scholars, 
being  brought  up  with  the  young  Prince  King  James  the  VI,  thac 
when  Buchanan  was  dying,  lie  called  for  Mr.  Toung  his  Servant,  and 
asked  him  how  much  Money  he  had  of  his,  and  finding  that  it 
was  not  fufh'cient  for  defraying  die  Charges  of  his  Burial,  he  com- 
manded him  to  diftribute  it  amongfl:  the  Poor.  Upon  which  Mr. 
Tonng  asking,  who  then  would  be  at  the  Charges  of  burying  him  ? 
He  anfwered,  That  he  was  very  indifferent  about  that,  for  it  he 
was  once  dead,  if  they  would  not  bury  him,  they  might  let  him 
lye  where  he  was,  or  throw  his  Corps  where  they  plea/cd,  and  that: 
accordingly  the  City  of  Edinburgh  was  obliged  to  bury  him  upon 
their  own  Expenfes. 

Cambden  fays  (a),  fpeaking  of  the  Murder  of  King  Henry.,  "  Thac 
*'  a  Rumour  was  forthwith  fpred  over  all  Britain,  laying  the  Fadt 
*'  and  Fault  upon  (^Morton,  Murray  and  other  Confederates,  they 
"  infulting  over  the  weak  Sex  of  the  Queen,  laid  it  upon  her.  What 
"  George  Buchanan  hath  written  hereof,  both  in  his  Hiftory,  and  in 
"  a  little  Book  entituled  the  Dete(^fon,  there  is  no  Man  but  know- 
"  eth  by  the  Books  thcmfelves  printed  :  But  for  as  much  as  he  be- 
"  ing  tranfported  with  partial  Affecflion,  and  with  Murray's  Bounty, 
"  wrote  in  fuch  Sort,  that  his  Books  have  been  condemn'd  of  Fal- 
<'  fhood,  by  the  Eflates  of  the  Realm  o(  Scotland,  to  whom  more 
"  Credit  is  to  be  attributed,  and  fince  he  hinifelf,  fighing  and  for- 
*' rowing  fundiy  Times,  blamed  himfelf  as  (I  have  heard)  before 
«'  the  King,   to  whom  he  was  Schoolmafler,   for  that  he  had  em- 

ploy'd 

C4)  hog.  Fol.  hi,  ui  Ano.  of  CL  l^l'^i  i!ook  i.  I>ig.  8S. 


Vol.  Ill         The  Life  ^/ Mr.  GEORGE  BUCHANAN.  i7j 

«  ploy'd  his  Tell  fo  virulently  againft  that  well  defeiving  Queen,  f;^^ 
"  and  upon  his  Death-bed,  wiflied  that  he  might  live  fo  long,    till  '•^"^/^ 
"  by  lecallinf^  the  Truth,  he  might,  even  u-ithliis  Blood,  wipe  away 
"  tliofe  Afperfions  which  he  had  by  his  bad  Tongue  un)ul>ly  calt 
"  upon  her :  But  that  (  as  lie  faid  )  it  would  now  be  in  Vain,  (mce 
"  he  mi'^lit  feem  to  dote  for  Age,    fo  far  Cambdcn  ".     And  the  late 
learned  ^nd  reverend  Mr.  Sage',  in  a  Letter  to  the  much  honoured 
Mi:  JnhiUd  Gmplcl  {a),  dated  17th  oWdoher  1709,  confirm^ 
this  Story  of  Camhdcris,     of   Bt4ckrnans  repenting,    for   he   fays, 
"  Tiiat  about  18  Years  ago  I  had  Occafion  at  Dnimnjond  o^  Inner- 
"  wy's  Houfe  in  Strathcrn  ;    to  be  in  Converfation  with  an  ancient 
"  Lady  (  the  Lady  Rafyth  in  Fife  )  a  Woman  of  very  bright  Parts, 
"  and  of  very  ^oo'd  Principles,  flie  was  a  Daughter  of  the  Houfe  of 
"  BHchiWcm.     In  the  Progrefs  of  our  Difcourfc,  we  came  to  talk  of 
"  the  famous  Mr.  George' Buchanan,    I  told  that  I  had  not  long  be- 
"  fore  read  over  Famianus  Stradas  Book,  de  Bello  Belgico,   and  had 
"  found  in  it  I  think  (  ad  Jnnum  1586)  an  Account  of  Mr.  Bucha- 
"  n.ins  Confedlon  when  on  his  Death-Bed,  that  he  had  been  moft 
"  injurious  in  Papers  publifhed  by  him  to  Alary  Queen  of  Scotf, 
"  wilhint;  earneftly  that  God  would  allow  him  time  and  Strength 
"  before^he  died,    to  do  her  Juftice.     I  added,    this  Account   was 
"  new  to  me  (  for  1  had  not  then  feen  CamUens  EliZjaheth )  and 
"  that  1  was  afraid  Strada  was  partial,  having  many  other  Things 
"  in  his  Book  too  like  Romance,  and  that  therefore  I  was  not  for- 
"  ward  to  believe  him  in  that  Matter.     The  Lady  forthwith  defired 
"  me  to  take  her  Word  for  it,  that  it  was  a  certain  Truth,   for  fhe 
"  rcmembred  nothing  better,  than  that  in  her  younger  Years  flie  had 
"  oftner  than  once  heard  a  very  aged  Man  called  Da^id 'Buchanan; 
"  who  was  maintain'd  in  her  Father's  Family,     affirm,  that  he  was 
"  prefent  in  Mr.  Buchanans  Bed-Chamber,    and  an  Ear  Witnefs  ro 
«  that  Confellion  wlien  he  made  it  ;    this  fo  far  as  my  Memory 
«  ferves  me,  is  tlic  Subftance  of  what   I  learned  from  that  Lady  at 
"  that-  Time  '.    It  made  the  deeper  ImprefHon  on  me,    when  I  re- 
«  fleVted  on  the  Time  of  Mr.  'Buchanans  Death,  which  was  in  Sep^ 
«  tcnibcr  i  581,    at  which  Time  David  Buchanan    mipht  have  been 
"  very  capable  to  confider  what  Mr.  George  faid,  tl\o  he  hadafter- 
«  ward  lived  to  the  Year  1650  or  idjd,  and  about  that  Time  the 
"  Lady  was  capable  to  have  received  it  from  him  ". 

M.  Le  Clerk  (/»),  a  Man  of  Buchanans  own  Principles,  and  one 
of  his  areat  Admirers,  is  at  a  great  deal  of  Pains  to  prove  that  this 
Stoxy  o^ Buchanans  repenting  for  what  he  had  faid  againft  Queen 
Mary  is  falfe ;  but  fincc  all  liis  Arguments  are  founded  upon  meer 
Comedtures  and  wrong  Accounts  of  Matters  of  Facfl,  I  fhall  not 
trouble  the  Reader  with  them. 

Some  of  the  Writers  of  the  Romijh  Church  fay  (c)y  Thsit  Bucha- 
nan died  an  Atheift,  and  that  when  the  Minifters  came  to  fee  him 

X  X  upoiT 


Buch. 


( J  )  S4«  Ml.  S.».i  Lift,  Wj.  JO.     (h)  B'b.  Cbo.a.  VoL  I.  je.g.  141.     CO  D'O.  »»''»•  *  ^rit.   par  M.  Ba^U  ia 


174  Tw  Lijc  oj  A>.  CLOKCE  BUCHANAN.  Vol.  Hi. 


v-V*K( 


aV?^.  upon  his  Dcach-13ed,  they  found  hini  rcadini; /V/«ys  inicuial  Hillo- 
.^^.  ^^^  whereupon  they  exhorted  him  rathei  to  Ipend  the  (mall.  Time 
he  had  to  live,  in  reading  the  (acred  Scriptiues;  upon  which  he 
told  them,  Thnt  he  found  more  Trnth  in  one  Page  of  that  Tiook,  than 
in  all  their  Scriptures.  huA  Maxunilian  J^/A/./^i/ij  a  Jc(uite  cells 
us,  That  when  they  dedred  him  to  repeat  the  Lord's  I'rayer,  altho' 
he  M'as  nowavs  delirious  at  that  Time,  yet  with  a  loud  Voice  lie  be- 
gun the  (irll  lileny  ot"  Properties. 

Cynthia  prima  fnis  niijcrum  mc  ccpit  occUis 
Contadnm  nullts  ante  cupidinibiis. 

And  that  he  told  them,  that  for  40  Years  he  had  no  other  Lord's 
Praver,  and  (liowiivj;  them  a  Piece  ot  Wine  that  he  had  by  his  l)cd- 
(ide,  he  (aid  that  he  hoped,  that  that  generous  Liquour  would  make 
him  have  a  quiet  and  peaceable  Death,  (b  (ays  he,  "  Tiiis  proud 
"  and  infatuated  Grammarian  ftupidly  died  in  his  Cups,  whofc 
"  Soul  having;  quit  the  Tavern  ot"  his  Body,  went  to  the  oppoiite 
"  Point  ot"  the  Heavens,  through  the  various  Regions  ot  the  lower 
•'  World  to  its  detbrved  Place  ".  Much  to  the  (ame  Purpofe  is  that 
ot"  Father  Gcrajfa  another  Je("uit  (  a\  who  fays,  "  That  he  was  an 
"  impious,  ielf  conceited,  fadious  and  drunken  Grammarian,  and 
•  "  tluit  he  died  of  an  Hvdropfy,  caufed  by  his  excellive  drinking; 
"  and  that  when  the  King's  Piiydcians  were  fent  to  him,  they  found 
"  him  in  his  Cups,  and  havin«j;  told  him,  tiiat  unle(s  he  abftained 
*'  from  drinking  he  could  live  but  a  (ew  Days,  he  asked  them  how 
"  lonn,  he  might  live  if  he  ablUin'd  ?  Tliey  told  him  fix  Years,  If 
"  that  bcall,'(avs  he,  I  would  not  want  the  Pleafure  of  one  Day's 
"  drinking  for  all  the  Time  that  you  have  promded  to  prolong  my 
Life  ".  But  feveral  other  Writers  of  the  Romifh  Church  have  been 
much  more  tavourable  to  him.  For. 

The  learned  Thuan  fays  ( ^ ),  "  That  Buchanan  being  old,  bc- 
"  gan  to  write  the  Hiftory  of  his  Country,    and  alcho'   according 
"to  die  Genius  of  thofe  of  his   Nation,    he   ofccnrimes   inveighs 
"  a2,ain(l  crowned  Heads,    yet   that  Work  is  written  with  fo  much 
«  Purity,  Wit  and  Difcernment,  that  it  does  not  appear  as  the  Pro- 
"  duction  of  a  Man  that  pad  all  his  Days  in  the  Duil  of  the 
"  School,  but  as  a  Miniflfer  of  State,  fo  true  it  is,  that  the  Lownefs 
"  of  his  Condition  and  Fortune  was  not  capable  to  hinder  his  great 
"  Spirit  from  penetrating  into  the  moll  hidden  Tilings,  and  writing 
"  with  Prudence  and  Judgment ;    and  I  remember  that  Peter  Rorh^ 
"  [ard,    who  v/as  a  Man  extremely  Judicious,    when  he  (poke  of 
"  Buchanan,  ^Adrian  Turnehusy  Anthonj  Govea  and  Muretus,  who 
"  were  all  of  them  his  intimate  Friends,  he  uied  to  fay,  .that  thefb 
«'  great  Perfons  had  nothing  of  the  Pedant  in  them,  but  the  Bonne?- 
«  and  the  Gown  ;  although  he  believed  that  die  Employment  of  a 
«  School-mafter  imprinted  upon  the  Minds  of  the  moft  of  that  Pro- 
«  f^Hion  a  Charafter  of  Pedantry  and  Impertinency,   that  all  t'leir 

Care 


(«)  M.  B.yU  ubl  tup.    C*)  Thiun  >J  An.  ijSi.  Lib.  )«. 


Vol.111.  The  Ltje  of  Mr.  GEORGE  BUCHANAN.  ij^ 

"  Care  was  not  able  to  efface".     Father  Rtipin  a  Jefuite  confidcrs^v-^ 
him  as  an  Hiftorian  and  a  Poet  ;  as  an  Hiflorian,  in  liis  Rcflcdl:ions^>^/~ 
upon  Hiftory  he  fays  (a),    "  That  he  is  too  Icrvile  an  Imitator  of 
"  "Titus  Li'ViHS,    wliom  he  had  often  read  over  before  lie  liad  put 
"  I'en  to  Paper  ;  that  he  has  robbed  from  tlie  Ancients  all  that  lie 
"  has  u;ood  in  liim  ;  that  he  writes  good  Senfe,  but  has  little  Elcva- 
"  tion'"in  his  Sentiments  j  that  his  long  Citations  in  the  Third  Book 
"  do  not  plcafe  more  than  his  long  Account  of  the  Nation  of 
"  which  he  ("peaks  in  the  Second.     As  a  Poet,  he  fays  (/>),  "  One  of 
*•  the  greatcfl:  Ornaments  of  Poefy,  confifting  in  the  Numbers  and 
"  Cadency  of  the  Verfes,    and  Buchanan,  who  othcrwifc  had  a  great 
"  deal  oi  Spirit  and  Imagination,  not  being  fenfible  of  this  Agrce- 
"  mcnt,  or  having  negleded  it,  he  is  at  a  "reat  Lofs  by  it ;    For, 
"  perhaps  (fays  he)   this  Perfecftion  was  only  wanting  to  make  him 
*'  an  accompiifhcd  Poet.     And  in  another  Place  of  tlic  fame  Book 
"  he  fays,  That  he  has  Odes  worthy  of  Antiquity,  but  that  they  arc 
"  all  not  alike:  For  Buchanan  has  aCharader  compofcd  of  many 
"  Charadcrs,    he  has  a  delicate  Wit,  and  is  very  natural,  but  has 
"  very  little  Elevation  and  Greatnefs  of  Thougiit ;  his  Jcphthes  and 
"  John  Baptijl-  having  nothing  confiderable  in  them,  but  the  Purity 
"  of  the  Language  in  which  they  are  wrote.     But  Father  Vavaj- 
Jeur  (c)  anotiier  Jefuite,    gives  a  more  favourable  Account  of  his 
Poetry  ;  for  he  fays>    "  That  of  all  diofe  that  have  wrote  in  Latin, 
"he  Knows  of  none  beyond  Buchiman,    or  who  was  fo  great  a  Ma- 
"  fter  of  his  Ideas,  and  who  foeafily  made  his  Stile  and  ExprefTions 
"  fubfervient  to  his  Thoughts  and  Defigns. 

Mr.  Balz^ac  cenfures  Buchanan  for  making  the  Furies  come  in,' 
in  his  Baptifies :  "  Is  it  not  a  fine  Thing,  fays  he  (d),  that  a  Jew 
"  fliould  dogmatize  upon  a  Religion  that  he  is  a  Stranger  to,  and 
*'  that  immediately  after  a  long  Conference  with  St.  John,  he  fhould 
"  Ycnt  upon  the  Theatre  a  deal  of  idle  Fables,  as  if  he  had  been 
"  convcr/Ing  with  a  Grecian  Prieft. 

T)a'vid  Chalmers  Lord  Orwond,  who  was  cotemporary  with  him, 
■and  knew  him  very  well,  fays  (c),  "  That  in  the  Reign  of  King 
"  James  V.,  Buchanan,  and  feveral  odiers  with  iiim  were  apprehcn- 
""  ded  taking  the  Jewtp)  Paflbver  in  the  Time  oi  Lent,  in  Derifion 
*'  of  the  Chriflian  Religion  ;  for  which  fome  of  them  were  burnt, 
*'  but  tiiat  he  made  his  Efcape,  and  fled  over  to  France. 

Mr.  Patin  was  fo  great  an  Admirer  oi  Buchanan,  that  he  had 
the  mofl  of  all  iiis  Poenis  by  heart ;  and  he  fays,  "  That  in  his  Opi- 
"  nion  Vtrgtl  himfclf  did  not  exceed  him  (/).  But  it  requires  many 
Centuries  to  produce  fuch  a  Poet  as  F/rf/7  was.  And  M.  c^enag£ 
fays  {g),  ''  Tliat  he  was  the  bed  Poet  of  his  Age,  [and  diat  tho'  all 
"  <il  Ills  Verges  be  excellent  in  dicir  kind,  yet  there  were  fome  of 
"  them  that  he  took'a  particular  Pleafiuciu  repeating  oftheiji}  *s 
"  for  that  where  he  fpeaks  of  his  Miftris. 

■  X  X  2  ilia 


(,;  Krri.  fill  I'  Hift.  (It)  KrHi-a,  fur  l>  Pott,  (f  Arlft,  (0  R«mifi,.  Aion.  tOiKh.  U*  Rrf-  to'  '<  I^f-  O  DilTfr,  for 
n.  loJ.  inltiit.  fr)  Hift.  d' f  rofTc,  tM.  (lUm  Omcf.  4«  Scot.  fon.  Lb.'4.0f.  a.  r>g.  t^y.  (/)  U.lt.  dt  M.  P*i«i 
l.<.ii.  Ml-   (4)  Mtiugtiiu,  'Ibm.  1. 


1-J6  rhe  Life  of  Mr.  C\LOKGT.  BUCHANAN.  Vol.  ill. 

5;^;;'^  ///.I  Mihi  fern  per  prafenti  Jura  Ne^ra, 

yy\'^  cyVle,  quoties  al>fi4m,  femper  a'oejje  doUt. 

Isfofi  dcfiderio  mjlri,  non  mceret  aniore, 
Sed  fe  non  nojiro  pojje  dolore  frtti- 

And  tliefc  aie  the  Chara(ftcrs  given  liini  by  fome  of  the  Wrircrs 
of  the  RowiJ])  rcifiialuMi :  We  fhall  now  give  an  Account  of  ilic 
Chaiadeis  t^ivcn  him  by  fevcral  learned  Proreftants. 

Bifhop  Burnet  ("avs  (rt),  "  That  in  his  Writings  there  appears  not 
"  only  all  the  Beauty  and  Graces  of  the  Latin  Tongue,  but  a  Vigor 
"  of  Mind,  and  (^uickncfs  of  Thought  beyond  Bewl/o,  or  the  otlier 
"  Jtidi^ins,  who  at  that  Time  aflfcdted  to  revive  rhe  Purity  of  the 
*'  Roniiin  Stile,  it  was  but  a  feeble  Imitation  of  Tw/Zy  in  them  ;  but 
"  his  Stile  is  (o  natural  and  nervous,  and  his  Reflections  on  Things 
*'  are  fo  folid  (bcfides  his  immortal  Poems,  in  which  he  fhows  how 
"  well  he  could  imitate  all  the  Roman  Poets  in  their  feveral  Sorts  of 
♦'  Writings,  that  he  who  compares  them,  will  be  often  tempted  to 
"  prefer  the  Copy  to  the  Original)  that  he  is  juftiy  reckoned  the 
•'  grcatefl  and  bcft  of  our  modern  Authors. 

Arch-Bifhop  Spotfzcood  fays  (l^),  "  That  in  his  old  Age  he  applied 
"  himfelf  to  write  the  Scots  Hiftory,  which  he  renewed  with  fucli 
"  Judgment  and  Eloquence,  as  no  Country  can  fhow  a  better  j  only  in 
"  this  he  is  juflly  blamed,  that  he  fided  with  the  Fa(ftions  of  the  Time, 
*'  and  to  juftify  the  Proceedings  of  the  Noblemen  againft  the  Queen, 
"  he  went  fo  far  in  depreillng  the  Royal  Authority  of  Princes,  and 
"  allowing  their  Controlment  by  Subjecfls,  his  Bitternefs  alfo  in 
*'  writing  of  the  Qiieen,  and  of  the  Times  all  wife  Men  have  dif- 
"  liked  ;  but  otherwife  no  Man  hath  merited  better  of  his  Country 
*'  for  Learning,  nor  thereby  did  bring  to  it  more  Glory.  He  was 
*'  buried  in  the  common  Burial-Place,  tho'  worthy  to  have  been  laid 
"  in  Marble,  and  to  have  had  fome  Statue  ereded  to  his  Memo- 
*'  ry ;  but  fuch  pompous  Monuments  in  his  Life  he  was  wont  to 
*'  fcorn  and  defpife,  efteeming  it  a  greater  Credit,  as  it  was  faid  of 
*'  the  Roman  Cato,  to  have  it  asked  why  doth  he  lack  a  Statue, 
*'  than  to  have  had  one,  tho  never  fo  glorious,  ereded  ". 

The  Bifhop  of  Carlijle  fays  (c)  "  Thar  his  Book  de  Jure  Regni, 
*'  and  his  Hiftory  was  condemned  by  K€t  of  Parliament  (d).  And 
*'  it's  obferved  tliat  this  pafs'd  in  the  very  firfl  Parliament  after  the 
"  Dialogue  was  printed  (fj,  but  fome  Years  before,  it  was  put  by  the 
"  Author  in  his  Pupil's  Hands,  'vizj.  1 579.  When  he  defcribes  any 
"  barbarous  Afl'afination  or  Murder  of  any  King,  he  does  it  with  fuch 
"  an  Air  of  Satisfadion  and  Pleafure,  as  fhows  that  he  delighted  to 
"  dwell  on  the  Subjedl,  and  that  the  Head  of  a  flaughtered  Monarch 
"  was  to  him  what  he  too  often  fays  it  was  to  the  People,  Gratum 
"  Speilaculum.  He  laughs  at  the  pretended  .Miracles  of  devote 
"  Times,  and  yet  upon  tlie  Occafion  of  Henrys  Murder,  he  gravely 
"  furnifhes  us  with  a  couple  of  as  plump  ones,  as  ever  any  Legend 

afforded 

(«)  Hift.  of  the  Ketor.     (4,  Bnok  6.  I'lg.  31J,    (0  Stott  Hill.  Lib.     (<<)  P*tl.  8.  J»cob.  6,  Ao.  1584.  Qhtg.   )34-     CO  Sil 
Gtorge  Mackcntic  Jui  Regium,  P>g.  %• 


Vol.  III.         r/;^  /.//f  o/" Mr.  GEORGE  BUCHANAN.  177 

*' afiorclcd  C<i).     And  compaiing  him  with  i/70(/a;W,  he  fays,  "TheJ^^f'J^ 
"  DifFeicnce  betwixt  tlieCe  two  Hirtorians  is  pretty  confidetable,  the^'^'W 
"  Arch-Bi(hop  had  Liberty  to  reprefent  Qiicen   e^^arys  Frailties 
"  plainlv,  and  did  it  modeftly  ;  and  Mr.  George,  without  any  Cere- 
"  mony,    treats  her  with  all  the  Barbarity  that  his  licentious  Wit 
"  Could  invent. 

Mr.  Teijfier  fays  (^),    "  That  It  cannot  be  denied  but  Buchanari 
"  was  a  Man  of  admirable  Eloquence,  of  rare  Prudence,  and  of  an 
"  exquifite  Judgment ;    he  has  wrote  the  Hiftory  of  Scotland  with 
"  fuch  Elegancy  and  Politencfs,  that  he  furpaflesall  the  Writers  of 
"  his  A^e  °and  he  has  even  equalled  the  Ancients  themfelves,  with- 
"  out  excepting  either  Salufi  or  Titus  Livius :    But  he  is  a:ccured  by 
"  fomc  of  oeing  an  unfaithful  Hiftorian,  and  to  have  fhewn  in  his 
"  Hiftory  an  extreme  Averfion  againft  Qiieen  a^ary  Stewart  j  buc 
"  his  Mafter-Piece  is  his  Paraphrafe  upon  the  Pfalms,  in  which  he 
"  outdid  the  moft  famous  Poets  amongft  the  French  and  ItaltanSy 
"  as  Charles  Vtenho'Vtus  informs  us  in  the  following  Diftich. 

Tres  Italos  Galli  jenos  vicere,  fed  unum 

Vtncere  Scotigenam  non  fotuere  'virurn. 

The  three  French  were  the  Chancellor  de  /'  Hopitaly  oAdrtan 
Turnebm,  and  Joannes  <iAuratus  :  And  the  fix  Italians  were,  Sanria- 
Zsarius,  Fracajloriiti,  Flaminio,  Vida,  Nauger  and  Cardinal  Bemhoy 
Perfons  fufficiently  known  in  the  Republic  of  Learning  for  their 
admired  Performances  in  the  Belles-lettres. 

Henry  Steph,  cited  by  M.de  oAlnjelhoveen  rays(c-j,  That  Buchanan 
found  in  a  Bibliothec  the  Latin  Verfion  of  the  Q^edea  of  Euri- 
pides, which  he  publiflied  as  his  own.  Scaliger  prefers  him  to  all 
the  Latin  Poets  that  have  written  fince  the  Days  of  AugujiM  (d). 
Grotius  (f)  cenfur^s  his  Tragedies,  as  noways  anfwering  the  Rules 

of  die  Theatre.  ,  1,    ,    „ 

Mr.  fames  Crazvford  fays  (/;,  ''Buchanan  not  only  excelled  all 

"  that  went  before  him  in  his  own  Country,  but  fcarce  had  his  equal 

"  in  that  learned  Age  in  which  he  lived :  He  fpent  the  firft  Flame 

"  and  Ra^e  of  his  Fancy  in  Poetry,  in  which  he  did  imitate  Vtrgil 

*'  in  Heroicks,  Ovid  in  Elegiacks,    Lucretius  in  Philofophy,  Seneca 

*'  in  Tragedies,  Martial  in  Epigrams,  Horace  and  Juvenal  in  Satyrs; 

♦'  he  copied  after  thcfe  great  Mafters  fo  perfedly,  that  nothing  ever 

"  approached  nearer  the  Original ;    And  his  immortal  Paraphrafe 

♦'  on  the  Pfalms  does  ftiew,  that  neither  the  Conftraint  of  a  limited 

**  Matter,  the  Darknefs  of  ExprelTion,    nor  the  frequent  Return  of 

♦'  the  fame,  or  the  like  Phrales  could  confine  or  exhauft  that  vafl 

♦'  Genius.   'Ai  laft  in  his  old  Age,  when  his  Thoughts  were  purify 'd 

*'  by  lon<»  Refledtion  and  Bufincls,  and  a  true  Judgment  came  in  the 

«'  room  of  one  of  the  richeft  Fancies  that  ever  was,  he  wrote  our 

"  Hiftory  with  fuch  Beauty  of  Stile,  Eafinefs  of  Expreflion,  dnd  Ex- 

'  Y  y  adtnefs 


(-iB«oki8-     (t)LUgeid.iHoa.mciS<:...ni,Tom.  1.  P.g.  10.    (.)  fUg.  Sjll.  in  taJtca.  f»«'  »>•     (')  Sc.ligu.. 


lyo  The  Lije  o,   yWr.  C.  l.OKC  !•.  BUCHANAN.  Vol.  \\\. 

I^^"^^  "  adlincfs  in  all  ics  Tarts,  that  no  Service  or  Honour  could  have  been 
vv^'  "  done  the  Nation  like  it  :  Had  he  ended  fo  noble  a  Work  as  h« 
«'  bc'^un,  and  carried  it  on  till  V.m<^  James  V's  Death  ;  but  bein^  un- 
"happily  engaged  in  aFacftion  and  Relentnients  working  violently 
♦'  upon  him,  he  (uri'ercd  hinifclf  to  be  fo  llrangely  byalleil,  that  in 
"  the  Relation  he  gives  of  many  ot  the  Tranladtious  of  his  own 
"  Time,  he  may  rather  pafs  for  a  Satynfl;  than  an  Hiftorian. 

The  learned  Sir  Robert  Gordon  ot  Straloch  has  given  a  long 
Chara(fter  of  our  Author,  which  is  to  be  found  in  the  Life  of  J)odor 
Forbes  of  Corje  ;  the  Subftance  of  which  is  (a).,  "  That  it  is  not  to 
"  be  doubted  but  Buchanan  was  an  excellent  Scholar,  and  the 
*'  Prince  of  Poets,  not  only  for  the  Age  in  which  lie  lived,  but 
"  that  many  preceeding  Ages  could  not  pretend  ro  fuch  another 
*'  Poet  :  But  for  his  Hillory,  in  the  three  laft  Books,  he  acfts 
"  the  Calumniator,  and  not  the  Hiftorian.  Then  having  bla- 
"  med  him  for  his  infipid  and  fuperficial  Defcription  of  the 
"  Kingdom,  he  fays,  to  the  learned  he  feems  to  have  done 
"  nothmti,  which  he  attributes  to  his  Ignorance  in  the  Antiquities 
"  of  our  Nation,  and  paffing  over  innumerable  Efcapes  and  Blun- 
"  ders  of  his,  he  chaltiles  him  for  his  Invedives  againft  King  Ken- 
"  neth^  who  reflored  and  confirnVd  the  Kingdom  to  the  next  Heir 
"  of  tile  Royal  Familv,  tho'  under  Age,  excluding  all  other  Princes 
"  of  the  Blood  from  Accefs  to  the  Throne,  and  for  his  running 
"  down  all  Female  Government  in  Kingdoms,  but  fays,  when  he 
"  has  brought  his  Hidory  down  to  his  own  Times,  and  Affairs  being 
"  then  in  great  Confufion,  and  the  Kingdom  miferably  embroil'd- 
"  with  Tumults,  good  God  !  how  bare  facedly  does  he  Side  with  a 
"  Party,  he  is  no  longer  an  Hiftorian,  but  an  Advocate  for  the 
"  Fadlion,  wretchedly  perverting  the  Truth  of  Fadfts.  fb  as  hardly 
"  any  Thing  that  is  either  found  or  candid  is  to  be  met  with  in  him; 
*'  and  all  this  to  get  his  Patron  the  Earl  of  c^yMurray  fixt  in  tiie 
'*  Height  of  Power,  whom  neverthelefs  he  lived  to  fee  taken  ofFthe 
"  Sta"e  by  a  bloody  Death  :  But  even  that  could  not  bring  his 
"  faftious  Spirit  to  any  Temper,  witnefs  his  notorious  Dialogue  de 
"  Jure  Regni^  written  after  he  came  to  a  great  Age,  in  whicli  for- 
"  getting  fiimfelf,  he  treats  of  fuch  Matters  as  require  the  Pens  of 
"  the  beft  Divines,  and  skillfuleft  Lawyers,  thus  from  inflru(5fing 
"  and  difcipling  Boys,  he  ftraight  commences  a  States  Man,  and 
"  di(5tates  new  Schemes  of  Government,  but  for  that  he  received 
"  due  Corredlion  from  two  mofl:  learned  Country  Men  of  his  own, 
"  who  were  alfo  eminent  Lawyers,  Blackwood  and  'Barclay,  wliofe 
"  moft  learned  Books  on  that  Subjedlareftill  extant,  whoever  reads 
*'  them  without  Prejudice,  muft  own  that  they  treated  him  as  he 
*'  deferved ;  for  compare  exacfkly  his  Rhapfody  de  Jure  Regni  with 
"  his  Hiftory,  and  you  will  foon  be  fatisfy'd  that  his  Treatile  de  Jh- 
•'  re  Regni  is  his  Scheme  of  Government,  and  the  Hiftory  fo  wre- 
«  fted  by  him,  as  it  midit  beft  ferye  to  confirm  and  eftablifli  liis 

H)po- 


Vol.  111.  The  Life  of  Mr.  GEORGE  BUCHANAN.  lyp 

"  Hypothefis.  The  Ad  of  Parliament  in  which  thefe  Books  are^;;;^ 
"  piohibiced,  declare  the  Judgment  of  King  James  when  a  Youtli,>-^V^' 
"  and  diat  of  the  Eftates  of  the  Kingdom  concerning  them,  and 
"  B<r?'Ai)to^  AwjJOK,  which  was  written  by  the  King  in  the  full  Maturity 
"  of  his  Age,  and  Judgment  will  witnefs  for  him  that  he  did  not 
"  alter  his  Opinion,  but  that  he  was  more  confirmed  in  it.  My 
"  Dcfign  in  taking  notice  of  thefe  Things  is,  not  to  infult  theMa- 
"  nes  of  tliat  mod  famous  Man,  that  indeed  were  a  very  great 
"  Crime,  but  in  Matters  of  fo  great  Confequence  not  to  do  Juftice 
"  to  Truth,  to  fuffer  it  to  be  run  down  and  opprelTed  were  heinous 
"  Impiety  ".  Sir  fames  Mehil  who  was  well  acquainted  with  our 
Author  tells  us  (a),  "  That  he  was  a  Stoick  Philofopher,  who  looked 
"  not  far  before  him,  a  Man  of  notable  Endowments,  famous  for 
*'  jiis  Learning  in  other  Countries,  pleafant  in  Converfation,  rehear- 
"  fing  at  all  Occafions,  Moralities  fhort  and  inftru(ftive,  whereof 
"  he  had  abundance,  inventing  where  he  wanted,  he  was  alfo  Reli- 
"  gious,  but  eafily  abufed,  and  fo  facil,  that  he  was  led  by  every 
"  Company  that  he  haunted,  which  made  him  facffious  in  his  oli 
"  Days,  he  fpoke  and  wrote  as  thofe  that  were  about  him  infor- 
"  med  him,  for  he  was  become  carelefs,  following  in  many  Things 
"  the  vulgar  Opinion,  for  he  was  naturally  popular,  and  extrem- 
*'  ly  revengeful  againfl:  any  Man  who  had  offended  him,  wliich  was 
"  iiis  greateft:  Fault,  for  he  did  write  deceitful  Things  againfl  the 
•'  Earl  of  Monteith,  for  fome  particulars  that  were  betwixt  him  and 
"  the  Laird  of  Buchanan  ;  he  became  the  Earl  of  Mortons  great 
*'  Enemy,  for  that  a  Nagg  of  his  chanced  to  be  taken  from  his 
*'  Servant  during  the  civil  Troubles,  and  was  bought  by  the  Regent 
*'  who  had  no  will  to  part  with  the  faid  Horfe,  becaufe  he  was  fure 
"  footed  and  eafy,  but  becaufe  he  would  not  part  with  him, 
"  from  being  the  Regent's  great  Friend,  he  became  his  mortal  Ene- 
"  my,  and  from  that  Time  fortli,  fpoke  evil  of  him  at  all  Times, 
**  and  on  all  Occafions  ". 

And  this  feems  to  be  a  very  jufl  Charadler  of  him  from  feveral 
Things  that  are  related  of  him  by  the  vulgar,  but  fince  their  Autho- 
rity it  not  much  to  be  rely'd  upon,  I  fhall  relate  here,  for  confirming  • 
of  this  Charader  of  Sir  James  ay^^ehiCs,  fome  Things  which  I  have 
heard  from  the  Earl  of  Cromarty,  who  had  them  from  his  Grand- 
Fathcr  tlic  Lord  Invertytc,  who  (  as  we  haVe  faid  )  was  Buchanan's 
Scholar  at  the  fame  Time  with  King  James. 

The  King  one  Day  having  got  prefcribed  him  for  his  Theme," 
the  Hiflory  of  the  Confpiracy  at  Lauder  Bridge  in  King  fames  the 
J 11.  Time,  where  yirchibald  Earl  of  ^ngus  obtain'd  the  Name  of 
'Bell  the  Cat,  from  his  telling  them  the  Fable  of  fome  Rats  that 
had  combin'd  againfl  a  Cat,  whom  they  refolved  to  felze,  and  to 
tye  a  Bell  about  his  Neck,  to  warn  them  for  the  future,  by  the 
rin;j;ing  of  that  Bell  of  their  Danger,  but  as  they  were  going  to  put 
tiicir  Pr())e(il  in  Execution,    one  of  the  old  Rats  asked  which  of 

y  y  2,  them 

(4)  Mcinwui  r<gf  itj. 


i8o  The  Life  of  Mr.  GhOKGE  BVCH  AN  AN.         Vol.  ff/. 

fx-^^^^  which  of  them  would  be  the  firft  that  would  fei/e  upon  the  Ciir ' 
Crv^  This  Qiicdion  put  them  all  in  a  profound  Silence,  as  it  (he!  Iikc- 
wifc  the  Confpirators,  which  the  had  perceiving,  told  them  that 
lie  would  Bell  the  Cat.  The  King  having  J  fay  got  this  for  his 
Theme,  as  he  was  diverting  himfclf  after  Dinner  with  the  Maflcr 
oi' Erskine,  the  Earl  ot  Mar'scldcd  Son,  Buchanan  defircd  the 
Kin"  to  hold  his  Peace,  for  he  diftuibed  him  in  his  Reading,  the 
Kin"  takin"  no  notice  of  this,  he  reprov'd  him  for  a  fecond  Time, 
and  told.  That  if  he  did  not  hold  his  Peace,  he  vjould  zvhij>  his 
'Breech,  the  King  anfwered.  That  he  vjould  gladly  fee  who  would  Bell 
the  Cat.  Upon  this,  in  a  Tallion  Buchanan  throws  the  Book  from 
him,  and  whips  the  King  feverely,  the  old  Countefsof  o^^^rwho 
had  her  Apartment  near  them,  hearing  the  King  cry,  run  to  him, 
and  takiii"  iiim  up  in  her  Arms,  asked  wiiat  the  Matter  was  ?  The 
Kin"  told  her,  that  the  Mafter  (for  fo  Buchanan  was  called  )  had 
\vhipt  him,  She  asked  how  he  durfl  put  his  Hand  on  the  Lord's  Anoin- 
ted '.  To  which  he  made  this  unmannerly  Reply,  Madam,  J  have 
zvhipt  his  jir—,  yon  may  kifs  it  if  you  pleafe. 

At  another  Time  the  Mr.  of  Ersktne  having  a  tame  Sparrow, 
th  Kin"  would  needs  have  the  Sparrow  from  him,  and  he  refufing 
to  "ive  it,  they  fell  a  flrugling  about  it,  and  in  the  Scuffle  the 
Sparrow  was  killed,  upon  which  the  Msidet  of  Erskine  fell  a  crying, 
{Buchanan  being  informed  of  the  Matter,  gave  the  King  a  Box  on 
the  Ear,  and  told  him,  That  what  he  had  done,  was  like  a  true  Bird 
oj  the  bloody  Nefl  of  whtch  he  zvas  come. 

When  he  was  upon  his  Death-Bed,  they  told  him  that  the  King 

was  hi"hly   incenfed  againft   him,    for  writing  his  Book    de  "jure 

Beqni  and  iiis  Hiftory,    he  told  them,    That  he  was  not  very  much 

concerned  -about  that,  for  he  was  Jhortly  going  to  a  Place  where  very 

few  Ktngs  ivere. 

M.  Menage  tells  us  {a).  That  one  Day  at  the  Marifhal  de  "Brifac's 
Table,  having  taken  a  Spoonful!  of  a  Difh  which  was  intolerably 
hot,  he  wiisio  furprifed  with  it,  that  he  made  an  Efcape,  upon 
which,  without  being  any  ways  abaflied,  he  look'd  over  his  Shoul- 
der, and  faid,  Tou  had  very  good  Reajon  to  make  your  Efcape,  for  if 
you  had  fiayd  any  longer,  you  had  certainly  been  burnt  alive. 

Thefe  few  Stories  I  have  related  of  him,  to  fhew  the  natural 
Genius  of  the  Man,  for  as  Plutarch  obferyes  in  the  Life  of  Ale- 
xander the  great,  Sometimes  a  Word  or  a  cafual  Jefi,  betrays  a 
c^an  more  to  our  Knowledge  of  him,  than  all  his  other  Ailions. 
And  now  I  fhall  conclude  with  Sir  George  a^'-h.enz^ies  Characfber  of 
our  eminent  Author,  who  on  the  one  Hand  having  confidered  the 
many  Beauties  and  Excellencies  of  his  Wit  and  Genius,  and  on 
the  other,  his  Ingratitude  to  his  Benefadors,  and  his  fadious  and 
rebellious  Temper  (b)  fays,  That  he  was  the  Ornament  and  Difgrace 
of  his  Country. 

Many 


(4^  Mciuguoi  lorn.  1.  fig.  134<    C*;  J<u  B.cgium. 


Vol.  III.        rije  Life  of  Mr.  GEORGE  BUCHANAN.  i8i' 

Many  Epitaplis  and  Poems  were  cornpdfed  upon  him  by  the  ;;^|^. 
mod  eminent  Wits  of  his  Age,  a  few  of  which  I  fhall  infert  herCjVV"*' 
for,  to  coUcift  them  all,  would  make  a  large  Volume  of  it  felf. 

Julius  C&far  Scaliger  ad  Georgium  Buchananum. 

FElix  Gcorgi  ladece  venae  Pater, 
Qux  ditat  immenfum  mare  : 
Quid  Barbarorum  voce  fqualentem  abfona, 

Merifque  nugis  obfitum, 
Inepturientem  non  ferendis  artibus 

Audire  nicmet  poftulas  ? 
riecflrumne  Phocbo  temperante,  Marfyas 

Tentabit  idum  pollicis  ? 
Amabilis  Tlialia  fi  faciat  modos, 

Garrire  pica  geftiet  ? 
Te  natum  ad  alta  Pegafi  cacumina, 

Tepente  fufceptum  finu 
Regina  (acn  magna  Caliiope  foni 

Liquore  non  noto  imbuit, 
Dcdicque  palmam  ferre  de  tot  gentibusj 

Latina  quot  col  it  cohors, 
Puris  beata  voce  relTellis  nitor 

Perftringit  aures  Candidas  : 
Flexuque  dudta  vena  dulcis  aureo 

Qtiam  fuftulit  iterat  fitim. 
O  me  fuperbum,  mole  fublatum  nova, 

Te  literatorum  Deo 
Defideratum  abelTe  me,  ut  fcribis,  doles, 

Quod  aliquid  effe  me  putes. 
Te  te  ipfe  contemplator,  in  quo  cunda  funt,' 

Et  vota  Icnies  tua. 

Epitaphium  Georgi  Buchattani  pet  Jofephum  Scaligerum,   Julii  Ca- 
farts  Filium. 


P 


lOftquam  laude  tua  patriam,  meritifque  bealli, 

Buchanancy  tuis,  Solis  utrumque  latus. 

Contcmptis  opibus,  fpretis  popularibus  auris, 

Ventofxque  fugax  ambitionis,  obis 
Pra:mia  quina  quater,  Pifeae  functus  olivx, 

Et  linqucns  animi  pignora  rata  tui  : 
In  quibus  baud  tibi  fe  ahteferent  quos  Itala  vates 

Terra  dedit  :  nee  quos  Gallia  mater  alir, 
/Equabunt  genium  felicis  carminis,  &  quae 

Orbis  liabet  famx  confcia  figna  tua:. 
Namque  ad  fupremum,  perduifta  Poetica  culnien 

In  te  flat,  nee  quo  progrediatur  habec 
Imperii  fucrat  Romani  Scotia  Liines, 

Jiomani  eloquii  Scotia  finis  eric.  . 

Z  z  Ej?Kd^ 


E 


1 81  The  Ltfe  oj  Mr.  C,  h  C3  R  (,  !•   B  U  C  HAN  AN.  Vol.  If/. 

J;;'^^    Epitaphiiun   G.  Bncharhiniy    qui  obiit  i)^  Septembris.    ijfiz,    per 
^""V^J        Undream  JVIehinum. 

'Rgo  filent  magni  Buchmani  in  funcre  Miif<e 
Nee  vatem  ^omdtim  flee  pia  turba  fuum  ! 
An  lecum  Tiiichanantis  habet  mcntem,  uncle  Camanac, 

Devolviint  maftos  murmura  trunca  moclos  i* 
An  Tecum  Buchananiis  liabcc  fontem  uncle  poetx 

PJeriis  poti  colluchrymantur  aquis  ! 
j4onio  fruftia  quarruntur  vertice  Mufac 

Ciflalio  fruftra  e  fonte  petuntur  aquae. 
Pro  monte  eft  calum,  pro  fonte  eft  Cliriftus,  utrumque 

Et  Cliriftus  et  coelum  nunc  'Buchananus  habet. 
Haufirti  liinc  facros  latices  Divine  Poeta 

Fudifti  liinc  fummo  carniina  digna  Deo. 
Hauriat  liinc,  quifquis  Buchanam  in  funere  mceret; 

Ut  vatum  fundat  carmina  digna  Deo. 

In  C  Buchananum  The  odor  i  BcZjA  Carmen. 

AUdieram  Gottos,  &  quos  Septentrio  quondam 
Barbarus  immanes  ultricem  in  numinis  iram 
Ertudit  populos,  fceleratae  moenia  RomA 
Et  quxcunque  prius  fpoliato  ex  orbe  facrarant 
Imperii  faftufque  fui  nionumenta  Qiiirites 
Confumenda  rogo  :  ut  quae  olim  faftigia  coelis 
Intulerar,  (eptem  attollens  in  nubila  montes, 
Nunc  proftrata  fuis  celebretur  Roma  ruinis. 

At  non  ingenium  folers,  linguamque  difcrtam. 
iEternis  quibus  ilia  opibus  tot  fecula  felix 
Roma^  olim  cun(ftas  inter  caput  extulit  urbes, 
H^ec  inquam  reliquis  longe  ante  ferenda  trophaeis 
Non  equidem  audieram,  Gottofve  aliafve  feroces 
Qiias  procul  oceanus  gentes  glacialis  inundat 
Nofcere,  miiari  nedum  potuifte,  rapaces 
Barbarus  ut  praeda:  iftius  dulcedine  captus 
Injiceret  Mufis  ungues,  quas  deinde  rigenti 
Captivas  fic  diligeret,  coleretque  Tub  arcfto 
Ut  medias  inter  glacies  Boreseque  fonori 
Pedora  nata  gelu,  Mufarum  ardore  calerent. 
Attamen  hoc  fatflum  fi  quis  dubitaverit,  idem 
Vel  medio  lucere  die  Tirana  negarit, 
Vel  te  virtutefque  tuas  ignorat  ineptus, 
Aonidum  immortale  decus,  Buchanane,  fororum. 
Namque  tibi  extreme  prope  nato  ad  littora  Thules^ 
Os  tenerum  Aonides  nc  formavere  puellae, 
Sic  Graio  pariter  melle  illevere  labella, 
Pedlora  Romano  fic  implevere  fonore, 
Ut  te,  Roma,  licet  Scotornm  ad  littora  natura, 

/Equo- 


V 


I 


Vol.  111.  n^e  Ltfe  of  Mr.  GEORGE  BUCHANAN.  185 

i'Equoreas  inter  cautes  atquc  Iiorrida  cetc  kH^}^. 

Tanquam  urbein  media,  civem  fibi  vindicet  ortutn.  v>n;*v 

Inde  aurem  magni  te  Mantua  clara  Maronis 
Jiirec  ftirpe  fatum,  at  contra  Verona  Catulli 
Aflerat  hinc  Venufinus,  &  liinc  Pelignus  &:  inde 
Corduba  te  repetat,  repetat  quoque  Billjiiis  inde 

At  vatem  interea  BHchananum  Scotia  jadtes. 
Una  tuum,  felix  tantis  natalibus  una 
Macfle  quoque  in2;enii  tanta  virtute,  Georgi 
Sternum,  &  Latti  fpoliis  ornatus  opimis 
Invidiaque  omni  major  "Buchanane  triumpha. 

Nee  minus  celebre  Encomium  de  eo  eft  apud  Stephanum  Pafcha- 
Jium  in  Jconihus. 

'Irgiliis,  Placets.,  Najonibus  atque  Catullis 
Hifne  ego  fi  tantis  vatibus  inferior  ? 
In  genere  unicuique  fuo  concedo  ;    fed  in  me 
CoUige  cundta  fimul,  plus  ego  promcrui. 

Idem  alio  Epigrammate 
'N  te  uno  quod  fint  multi,  Buchanane,  Marones, 
Ac  dederant  talem  fsecula  nulla  virum 
Hoc  de  te  primo  coelum  fpondebat  ab  ortu, 

Nomine  fubque  tuo  nomen  &  omen  crat. 
Nam  canere  eft  vatum,  vatum  tuba,  buccina,   bucca 

Et  canis  annis  nobilitatur  opus. 
Haec  tua  funt  Buchanane,  tuoque  in  nomine  cunfta 
Canus  &  oAnntis,  item  Buccina,   Bucca,   Cam. 
I  fhall  conclude    with   Mr.    ^ohn   ^damjons  Poem  upon  his 
being  buried  in  the  Gray  Friars,   without  a  Monument  or  Tomb 
efe<5led  to  his  Memory. 

'Armoreae  cur  ftant  hie  omni  ex  parte  columnar, 
Signaque  ab  Artificum  dacdala  fada  manu 
Ut  {pedent  oculis  monumenta  infignia  vivi 

Per  quae  defuncftis  concilietur  nonos 
Talia  nonne  etiam  debet  Buchananus  habere 

Dodius  aut  melius,  quo  nihil  orbis  habet  .' 
Gloriolas  vivus  qui  contemnebat  inanes ; 

An  cupiat  Divus  fe  decorent  lapides  ? 
Illis  fas,  pulchro  nomen  debere  fepulchro 

Qui  nil  quo  melius  nobilitentur  habent 
Per  te  olim  teilus  eft  nobilitata  Britanna, 

Et  decus  cs  tumulo  jam,  Buchanane,  tuo. 

The  learned  Sir  Robert  Sibbald,  in  iiis  Commentary  upon  Bucha- 
nans Life  writ  by  himfelf,  has  coUeifted  a  ereat  many  more  Elogi- 
ums,  whicli  I  refer  the  Reader  to,  and  Ihall  now  give  the  Catalogue 
of  his  Works,  and  their  various  Editions. 

Zzi  THE 


M 


J  84 


'^^^  The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 


R^ 


■cf 


Emm  Scoticarum  Hijloria  flpud  AlexaiicJriim  Arbuthnctiim, 
,^^  l-dinburgi  i  581.  in  folio  Cencvx  dd  exemplar  Alex.  Ar- 
buchncti  158?.  /«  Folio.  Fraiicofiiiti  ^^  Mdiuini  1594.  "'  ^'^''• 
Lii"diini  Batavorum  ad  efcemplar  Alex.  Arbuthneti  i6\T,.  in 
8au  Ultiajcdti  apud  Pctrum  lilzevirium,  1688. />;  8^'(?.  Jifidem 
1697.  m  8-^0.  Edinburc^i  e 7 jpo^mphxo  Gcor^ii  Mofm^n  1700. 

in  ii'mo. 
II.  Ffiibmriim  Davidis  paraphrajis  poetica  apud  Henricum  Stepha- 
jium  Typo^mphum  regium  tn  S-z^o-    Par.  anno   von  adje^lo,   i^ 
apnd  Hcniiciim  Stephanum  in  ilmo  i$66,  cum   fephthc  Tra- 
gadia,  cum  Jephthe  Antu'erpix  ex  ojfcina  Chrifl;.  Plaiicini,  i  $66. 
tn  ilmo.  cum  PJalmis  aliquot  in  vcrjus  CrAcos  tranjlatis,   Ar- 
centorati  excudebat  Jos.  Richelius  1566.  in  ilmo.  cum  Jephthe 
Lutetia;  ex  ojHctna  Roberti  Stephani  1575.  in  iimo.  cwft  orna- 
mentis  marginalihus  ^  argumentis    Antonii  Flumiiii  in  Jingii- 
los  Pfcilmos  y\i|^enorati,  1571. ;«  8i;o.  cum  Jephthe  Lutetix  ex 
offcina  Robert!  Stephani  1580. /«  ilmo.  cum  Jephthe,  excude- 
/((ir  Thomas  VoutroUerius,  Lond.  1580.  in  iimo.    cum  Bezce 
Pjiih?jcrum  par^rphrafi  ^  Jephthe,  Morgiis,   excudebat  ]o^x\ 
l,e  Pieux  illu^.  dominorumT:>ernenf]umTjpo^raphiis  1581.  'S'vo. 
cum  argumentis  ^  melodijs  N.  Chytra:i,  ejufdemque  Colleiiancis 
Hcibornx  Nallbviorum  1590,  in  ilmo.  cum  Jephthe^  Bap- 
tijle  Typis  \ACoh\  Stoer.  1591  in  ilmo.  cum  Bezo;  TJalmorura 
taraphrafi  (3'  Jephthe   (S)    B^ptijle  Genevx   apud  Francifciini 
Raphelciigium,  1595-  in  ilmo.  cum  Argumentis  (f  Melodiis 
N.  Chytra;i,  ejujdemcjue  Colie(^faneis  Herb.  Nanbviorum  1600: 
in  limo.   cum  Jephthe,    ex  ojjicina  Plantiiiiana  Raphelengii, 
1(503-  in  limo.  cum  Jephthe  ^  BaptiJIe,  ex  ojjicina  Plant.  Ra- 
phelengii 1(509.140.  cum  jephthe  ^BaptiJIe,  Jltwptibus Hen- 
na Laurentii    i<5i8.  in  ilmo.  cum  jirgiimentis  Melodiis   ^ 
Colle^faneis  N.  Cliytraci,  Herb.  NaiT.    161Q.  in  ilmo.  cum  Ec- 
phrafi  Alexandri  Julii  Lond.  apud  Geo.  Eld.  1610.  in  8'va  cum 
jephthe  ^  Baptijie  Edinburgi  apud  And.  Hart  1611  in  ilmo. 
cum  Jephthe  &  Bapttjie  Lug.  Bat.  typis  Ifaaci  Elzevirii,  jurati 
Academic  n~ypographi,  Jumptibus  Henrici  Laurentii  1611.  ^ 
I  imo.  cum  Jephthe  ^  Baptifte  Edinburgi,    apud  Gid.  Lithgo. 
1660.  in  S'L'O-  cum  Jephthe  d"  Baptijie  Edinburgi,    apud  Geor- 
giuni  Mofman,  1(594.  in  ilmo.  cum  Ecphraf  Alexandri  Julii, 
Edinburgi. 

III.  T>e  Jure  Regni,  apud  Scotos,    'Dialogus  Ediiii  apud  Joannem 

Rofl'xum,  pro  Henrico  Charteris  1 579.  in  i\to.  Ibidem  1 580  in 
a^to.  Item,  cum  pr&cedentibus  Editionivus  Hifl.  Scot,  pic&ter  pri- 
mam  Alexandri  Arbuthneti. 

IV.  Pfalmus  CIV.  cum  jndicio  Gulielmi  Barclaii  de  certamine  Geo. 

Eglifhemii  cum  Buchanano  pro  dignitate paraphrajeos  ejus  Tfal- 
w«,  Loi-iini  rt|f«^Georgium  Eld.  i(5zo.  V.  Pfalmus 


Vol.  III.         Tk  Lz/f  0/ Mr.  GEORGE  BUCHANAN.  ij^j 


V.  Ptalnms  CIK  cum  mdicio  Barclaiij  Edinburei,  ctpud  hdredes  An-:^>'''^^ 

drco;  Andeifon  1690  tn  iSvo.  v^^/*j 

VI.  PJalmus  CXX.  cum  AnaUfi  organica  Joan,  Jacobi  Beureri  (S 

aliis  (lUorum  ejusdem  Pjalmi  paraphrapbus  Bafileajj^fr  Sebaftia- 
num  Henrici  Petri,  15(59.  in  8vo. 

VII.  Bcptifies  five  Calumnia  Francofurti  ^/^w^  Andream  Wechelum, 
1578,  in  8vo. 

VIII.  oAlceJlisTragcediaLviicnx  apud  M\c\\-Y9.i{oCm\xn\  1557,  *^ 
4to.     , 

IX.  Tragixdia  facKA  0  extern  apud  Petrum  Sancft.  Andreanum,    in 

8vo. 

X.  De  Ciileto  nccpto  Carmen,  (ipt4d  Rohett.  Stephanum,  1558,  in 

8vo. 

XI.  Irancijcanus  ^  Fratrei,  qui  bus  accejjerunt  ijaria  ejujdem  ^  alio- 

rum  Poemata,  BaHIea:  I J6S,  in  8vo. 

XII.  Friwcijcanus,  EUgi£,Syl'va,  Hendecafyllabi,  JsLtnh'i,  ^  Epigram' 
mcita  dpiid  Hcnr.  Scephanum  I5<59,  in  8vo. 

XIII.  Elegit,  SylvAy  Hcndccnfylldbi,  ($"  BapttJ^es,  Luteilx  apud  Ma- 
mertum  Patijjonittm  Typographum  Regium,  in  officina  Hob.  Ste- 
phani  I57<5,  in  rimo. 

XIV.  Dc  Sphxra  Libri  quinque  cum  commentflriis,  fupplementis  ©* 
(irgumcntis  Adami  Regii,    Scoti  MS.  in  Bibliotheca  Academic 
Edinburgcnx  cum  Jupplementis  ]oa.n  Pincieri,  Herbornct,  ex  of- 
Jicina  Chriftophori  Corvini  i<5o7,  ^^  ^^°- 

XV.  Francifcanusi  ElepA,  et  Libri  de  Sph^ra,  An.  1 594,  in  8vo. 
XVJ.  Francifcanus,    Elegit.,   Sylvx,    Libri  de  Sphxra  ^  TragcediA 

JiicrA  o  Extern  i  partibus  in  Bibliopolio  Commeliniano  1609, 
in  8vo. 
XYU.  Poemata  omnia  {prAter  Medeam  ^  Alcejlin )  Edinburgi, 
apud  And.  Hart.  161 4.  1410.  cum  Medea  ^  Alcejlide  apud 
Abr.  Elzevirium  1511,  in  i4to.  ex  ofjicina  Elzeviriana  1618, 
/>;  24to.  Aniftelodami /7/7W  Joannem  Janfonium  164O,  1410. 
Amftel.  apud  Wafsbergium  1(565,  if^  i^to.  Amftel.  apud  Dan. 
Elzevirium  i6'j6,  initio.  Edinburgi  ^^«^  Joan.  Cairns  1577, 
in  iimo.  Londini  apud  B.  Griffin  i(58<5.  Amflel.  apud  Henri- 
cum  Wctftcnium  1687,  "^2,410. 

XVIII.  Satyr  a  in  Cardinalem  Lot\\a.nno\um(um  aliis  ejus,  (^  aliorum 
carmintbus  apud  Ifraelcm  Taurinum  1 590,  in  8vo. 

XIX.  Rudimcnta  Grammatices  Thoma:  Linacri,  ex  Anglico  Sermone 
in  Latinum  verfA,  Lutctiae  ex  ojjicina  Rob.  Steptiani  154(5,  in 
8vo.    Jbidemi'y'yQ,  in%wo. 

XX.  An  Admonition  to  the  true  Lords,  by  Lyprivick^r  Stirling  1571, 
in  4to. 

XXI.  De  Profodia  Edin.  i66y,  in  8vo. 
XXIf.  ChameUon  i  ^yi,  and  Lond.  lyo^. 

XXlll  Ad yiros  Jui  feculi  clariffimos  eorumque  ad  eundem  Epijio^* 
tx  MSS.  accurate  defcript/i  Londini  lyil  in$v(j. 

A  a  a  XXIV.  B^dm 


i8(5    The  Ufe  o/M-.  ALEXANDER  ARBUTffNHT,     Vol.  \\\. 

'r/^^'    XXIV.  E^ifi'"  Epi/loU  cHm  atns  nonnullis nondiim  edttts MSS.  auto- 
\/\^  ffrap'j  e  Bib.  jurtd.  F.clinb. 

XXV.    Litters.  RegmA  Scotiae  ad  Comitem  Bothwelix  Jcrtpti.  1 5-72, 

in  8vo. 
XXVI-   A  Deteiiion  of  the  Doings  of  Mary  QjAcen  of  Scots,    and  of 
James  Earl  of  Bocliwcll,    agatnfl  Henry  Lord  Dariily,    1 5-72, 
tn  8vo. 

XXVII.  Vita  ab  ipfo  frripta  biennio  ante  mortem,  cum  Comment ario, 
2).  Robert!  ijibbuldi  c^.  D-^  E(\mtis  amati  Ldin.  1702.  m 
8vo. 

XXVIII.  The  Life  of  Qjieen  Mary,  in  the  black  Letter^  without  the 
Year,  or  Place  ot  the  Impreffiion. 

XXIX.  Omnia  Biichanani  opera  hadenm  ennmerata  in  unum  colleifa 
^  cum  MSS.  Cod.  ^  (^ntiq.  Edit,  comparata,  cnra  Robert! 
Fr!barn!!,  Typog.  Reg.  Edin.  1704,  in  i  Vol.  in  folio. 


THE 

The  LIFE  of  Mr.  ALEXANDER 
ARBUTHNET,  Principal  of  the 
King's  College  oi  Aberdeen. 

Mupaftn.  #"      Hy      'XHIS  Gentleman  was  a  Brother  of  the  Baron  of 
lnd'E<h.'«-  H  cydrLuthneCsy    in    the  County  or  Shire    of   the 

■"°-  H  Merns  {a).,    a  very    ancient  and  noble  Family, 

B  for  Sir  George  Mackenz^te  tells  us  (/<),  that   they 

^fll^  had  their  Hrft  Rife  from  a  Gentleman,  who  came 

from  the  South,  and  married  one  of  the  Daui^hters  ot  Olofard  or 
Olyphant,  Sheriff  of  the  z^Jerns,  with  whom  lie.  got  the  Lands  of 
yirbutbnet,    from  whence   they  have   their   Sirname,    and  he  (ays, 
that  he  had  feen  a  Charter  granted  by  the  Abbot  and  Convent  of 
JCelfo  in  1 178,  to  Reginald,  then  eleded  to  be  Abbot  of  Arbrotby 
freeing  him    from  his  Obedience   and    Sub)e(5fion  to   Kelfo,    and 
amongft  the  Witnefles,  !s  mentioned  Richardus  de  ^rbttthnet,  Clc' 
ricus  Regis  \    fince  which  Time,   they  have  jiad   feveral   Honours 
conferred  upon  them,    and  about  the  Year   i6\i,    King  Charles  I. 
made  them  Vifcounts  of  ylrbuthnet  {c).    Our  Author  was  Born  in 
the  Year  1538,  he  had  his  Education  at  fhe  Univerfity  o^  Aberdeen., 
»v"'.r'    where,  after  he  had  finifhed  the  Courfe  of  his  Scudies  in  the  BeUes- 
^Cch^au-Lettres  and  Philofophy,  he  was  fent  over  to  France  by  his  Parents, 
"  '  "      where  he  ftudied  the  Laws  for  five  Years,    under  the  famous  Cuja- 
ctusy  and  being  licentiat   in  the  Laws,    he  returned  to  Scotland  in 

the 


nan. 


over 


dies  the 
Lawt. 


■(«)  See  ihe  Ai'penJi"  ■"  Sp-ilwooa's  Hilloiy,  Pig«  14.     Uj  MS.  Gcntilogy  o»  ScoiUnJ.     (.J  i.t  Jiine»  U^lrymfle'* 
Ed.  or  Cimb.  Defc.  of  Scot  Pige  15<. 


Vol-  ni. Principal  of  the  Kings  College  of  Aberdeen.  i  {^y 

tlic  Year  1 562  :  Upon  his  Arrival,  finding  the  Reformation  prcvai-  ;y^^ 
ling,    he  declared  himfelf  for  the  Reformers,    and  was  very  inftru-   'vX^ 
me'iital  for  carrying   on  the  Work  of  the  Reformation,    and  tlie 
Reformers  prevail'd  with  him  to  apply  himfelf  to  Theology,   and 
to  enter  into  Orders,  but  what  fort  of  Ordination  he  got  f  cannot 
learn,    but  I  find  liim  a  Member  of  the  General  An'cmbly  in  the  Boti.m.d, 
Year  i  ^6%,    and  Thomas  Ba\]andcn  Printer   in  Edinburgh,    havinc  \XZ^^L 
printed  a  Book,  entitled,    TIjc  Fall  of  the  Romifh  Churck    wherein  rjAff,*;"); 
die  King   is  called   the  Head  of  the  Churcli,    and  a  Plalm  Book 
wit!-,  a  baudy  Song  at  the  end  of  it,  tlie  Ad'embly  ordained   that  (.1) 
Printer,   to  call  in  all  thefe  Books,    and  to  fell  no  more  of  them, 
till  fuch  Time  as  he  change  the  Title  of  the  one,  and  expunge  the 
baudy  Song  out  of  the  other,    and  that  in  all  Time  coming,    he 
print  not  without  the  Licenfe  of  the  Supreme  Magiflrat,  and  their 
revifing  fucli  Books  as  he  (hall  print  concerning  Religion,  and  that 
particularly  tlie  Book  concerning  the  Fall  of  the  Church  of  Rome, 
Ihould  be  revifed  by  -Mr.  ^Alexander  aArbuthnet,    and  about   this 
Time,  1  find  him  defigned  Parfon  o( ^rbuthnet,  and  Logy-Buchan. 

Mr.  John  Erskine  Superintendant  of  u<fngus,  having  got  a  Com- 
miflion  from  the  Council  and  the  General  AfTembly  conveened  at 
Edinburgh  in  the  Month  of  July  1 568,  for  vifiting  the  Kind's  Col- 
lege at  old  Aberdeen,  tlie  Superintendant  went  thither  in  the'Month 
ot  June  i$6(),  and  having  called  the  Mafters  of  the  faid  College 
before  them,  and  thev  having  refufed,  after  two  Days  Conference 
with  them,  to  fubfcribe  the  Confeflion  of  Faith,  the  following  Sen- 
tence was  pronounced  againft  them  [b).  ^ 

"  I  John  Erskine  Superintendant  of  ^ngus,  Principal  of  the 
"  Kings  College  at  Aberdeen  and  cMernis,  having  Commifl^on  of 
"  the  Churcli,  to  vifit  the  Siieriffdooms  of  Aberdeen  and  Banif  by 
«  the  Advice,  Counfel  and  Confcnt  of  the  Minifters  and  Hidets 
*'  and  Commiifioners  of  the  Church  prcfent,"  decern,  conclude  and 
«  for  final  Sentence,  pronounce,  that  Mr.  Alexander  oAnderfon 
"  fometimes  Principal,  Mr.  Andrew  Gallozuay  (bmetimes  Subprinci- 
«  pal,  Mr.  Andrevj  Anderfon,  Mr.  Thomas  Aujlin  and  Mr.  Duncan 
"  Nory,  fometimes  Regents  in  the  College  of  old  Aberdeen,  are 
"  not  to  be  reckoned  Members  of  Chrifl's  Church  ;  and  therefore, 
"  fecludes  them  and  every  one  of  them,  to  teach  privately  or  pub- 
"  lickly  in  Time  coming  in  that  College,  or  any  other  Part  within 
"  this  Realm,  and  decern  them  to  remove  forth  of  the  faid  Col- 
"  lege  with  all  Diligence,  that  other  godly  Men  may  be  placed 
1*^  there,  for  the  upbringing  the  Youth  in  the  Fear  of  God,  and  good 
'  Letters.  This  our  Sentenc^e  pronounced,  we  ordain  to  be  pub- 
"  ii/hed  and  intimated  to  the  faid  Perfons,  and  to  the  Congrega-i 
'  tions  of  New  and  Old  Aberdeen,  publickly  the  next  Sunday,  tlie 
♦  third  of  July  Inftant ".  This  Sentence  was  no  fooner  put  in  Exe^  P,i;;,^, 
cution,  but  Mr.  Arbuthnet  was  inftalcd  in  the  Place  of  Mr.  Jnder-t\t^J^^ 
Jon,  Principal  of  the  King's  College  at  Aberdeen.  ouyLj,,,. 

A  a  a  1  In 


{»)  i'«ln,,Cbuuli  H.D.  J-.,!  J.  C.O..  If.  i-.g.  }„.    It)  p,„„  ,w.  t.g.  }«». 


m     The  Life  oj  Mr.  ALEXANDER  AKBUTHNi/f,     Vol.  ///. 

A^;:'^        In  the  General  AfTcmbl;^  held  at  St.  j4ndrews  in  the  Year  1572,, 
"■^^"^    we  find  our  Author  one  ot  the  Commiffioncrs  that  were  appointed 
to  niccc  in  Mr.    John  Knox  s  Hou^t^    to   examine  the  new  Book  of 
pointea  o^cPolicjy  and  confidcr  wliat  they  could  find  therein,    that  wa<;  a^'/ce- 
miiT.onff»"(brable  to  God's  Word,  and  for  the  Utility  of  the  Kirk,  and  to  report 
rii'TJLuhe  fame  to  the  Allcmbly  :    But  Petrie  and  Calderwood  tell  us  [a)y 
"(P'/'O-      <j^l)^t  they  knew  not  what  ivas  done  in  this  Conference.     But,  fiys 
Calderwood^  We  ma)  t^fdy  coUeit^  that  the  Book  luas  not  approved  Ly 
a  new  Commijjion  appointed  in  the  next  ^jjemhly  to  revije  the  Book, 
or  elfe  that  the  Conference  ivas  not  holden. 
Heiim.dt      A  General    Anbrnbly  having  rnet   at  Edinhnrgh,  on  the   6t\\  of 
^^.'Z'lllJHgHft  1573,  ^^-  ^^^«^/^"''^  was  chofen  Moderator  (b)  :    In  this 
ftmbiy.      Allembly  there  were  a  great  many  Earls,  Barons,  Lords,  and  Super- 
intendants :  The  Books  of  the  Billiops,  Superintendants,    and  Com- 
millioners  of  Vifitation  were  produced,  and   certain  Miniflers  ap- 
ThePro-  pointed  to  examine  them  i   and  Mr.  John  2)o«^/^/ Arch-Bifhop  of 
t"s"^A&lm-  ^'^  ^^-  y^ndrews  was  accufed  for  admitting  a  Popifh  Prieft  into  the 
'•'r-  Miniftry,  to  whom  the  Superintendant  ot  Lothian  had   prefcribed 

certain  Injun(5fions,  and  he  had  not  obeyed  them,  for  not  vifiting 
his  Diocefs,  nor  Preaching  for  half  an  Year  before  that  Time  ,  for 
giving  Collation  of  a  Benefice,  which  was  before  beftowed  on  a 
Minifter  to  another  fufpeded  of  Popery,  for  fufFering  the  Exercife 
to  decay  through  his  Fault ;  for  admitting  fome  to  Fundions  in  the 
Church  that  were  not  fufficiently  qualified  and  examined.  And 
Lajll),  That  he  vifited  his  Diocefs  by  others,  and  not  himfelf  To 
the  firft  of  thefe,  the  Arch-Bifhop  anfwered,  That  he  did  not  admit 
the  Priefl:  till  he  had  recanted  openly  in  the  Church  of  St.^ndrews. 
To  the  fecond,  he  affirmed,  That  he  did  not  only  vifit  his  Diocefs, 
but  preached  perfonally  to  them,  when  either  his  Flealth  or  Strength 
(botn  which  were  much  empaired  by  his  Age)  could  permit  himj 
and  the  reft  he  abfolutely  denied.  Whereupon  the  Aifembly  only 
ordered  the  Prieft  to  fatisfy  the  Injundfions  prefcribed  to  him  by  the 
Superintendant  of  Lothian.  Then  Mr.  James  Baton  Bifhop  of 
*I)vmkell  was  accufed,  that  tho'  he  was  a  Bifhop,  )q.x.  he  did  not  tlie 
office  of  a  Bifhop  ;  that  he  had  not  proceeded  againft  Papifts  within 
his  Bounds;  that  he  was  fufpedled  of  Simony  and  Perjury  for  havinfr 
made  a  Pa(ff  ion  with  the  Earl  of  Argjle  for  the  Profits  of  the  Bifhop- 
rick,  and  accordingly  at  his  Admiffion,  contrary  to  his  Oath,  he 
had  oiven  Acquittances,  and  the  Earl  had  received  the  Money ;  but 
it  feems  the  Bifhop  acquit  himfelf  fo  well  of  what  was  laid  to  his 
Charge,  that  they  were  found  to  be  mere  Calumnies ;  for  we  do 
not  find  that  the  Affembly  pafs'd  any  Cenfure  upon  him.  Alexander 
Gordon  Bifhop  of  Galloway  was  accufed  that  he  intruded  himfelf 
into  the  Office  of  the  Miniftry  within  Edinburgh.,  that  he  enticed 
the  People  to  Rebellion  againfl  the  King,  that  he  refufed  to  pray 
for  him,  and  approved  of  the  Queen's  Authority,  that  being  diA 
charged  by  the  General  Affembly  to  have  any  Thing  to  do  with  the 

Parifhioners 


(/tj  Vid.  C»ldet.  Hift.  of  the  Ch.  of  Scot,  ad  An.  ij7j.  P,g.  j<.    C*)  Petiie,  P'fi.  }7?.    C«lder.  P.g.  tfj. 


-  r  I         ■  I  I  M 

Vol.  III.  Princtpjl  of  the  lung'i  Co/Ie^e  df  Ahcidem.  189 

rarilhoiicrs  ot  Holy- Rood- Houje,  yet  lie  compelled  tliem  to  receive  ^^^ 
die  Sacrament,  VLnd  caufcd  pretended  Baillies  and  Soldiers  to  com- ^■^^/'^ 
pel  the  People,  that  being  (worn  to  maintain  the  King's  Authority, 
and  yield  Obedience  to  him,    yet  he  had  broken  his  Oath,  by  fit- 
ting in  a  Parliament  for  difpolTelfing  the  King  of  Crown  and  Autho- 
rity :    That  he  had  given  Thanks   publickly  in  the  Pulpit  for  the 
Slaui^hfcr  of  (^lattheio  Earl  of  Lennox,  and  exhorted  the  People 
to  i.\o  io  likcwile.     And  La/fly.,  That  he  was  a  Peivcrter  of  the  People 
both  before  and  after  the  Reformation.     The  i5i[hop  could  not  deny 
his  Loyalty  to  the  Queen,    and  therefore  he  gave  them  a  general 
Anfwer,  that  he  was  freed  from  all  thcfe  Things  by  the  Adt  of  Pa- 
cification agreed  to  betwixt   the  Queen's   Friends  and  the  King's ; 
but  theAllcnibly  told  him,  that  tlie  States  had  not  abfolved  him  qua 
Pi/hop  from  theCenfure  of  the  Church  in  talibus,  fo  he  was  ordain'd 
under  the  Pain  of  Excommunication,   to  makepublick  Repentance 
for  three  (cveral  Sundays,  one  in  the  Cluuch  ol  Edml^nr^h,  another 
in  the   Church  of  Holy  Rood- Houfc,    and  the  third  in  tlie  Qiieen's 
College  Cluuch.     Mr.  Calderivood  fays  (a),    "  That  feveral  other 
"  Enormities  were  laid  to  his  Charge,    and  that   when  he  craved 
"  the  Benefit  of  the  Ad:  of  Pacification  agreed  upon  at  Terth  l  jd 
"  of  Fcbriiiir),    when  the  civil  Wars  ended  ;    to  the  which  Ad:  the 
"  Reformed  Bifhops,  Abbots  and  Priors  having  Vote  in  Parliament, 
"  condefcended  in  Name  of  the  Kirk,  and  therefore  alledged  that 
"  he  could  not  be  compelled  to  anfwer  for  any  Complaint  given  in 
"  againft  him  for  maintaining  another  Authority,  or  for  any  I'hing 
"  depending  thereupon;  and  this  Anfwer  he  fent  them  by  a  Servant: 
"  Whereupon  the  Alfembly  fent  one  to  the  Regent  and  Council  to 
"  crave  their  Advice,  who  returning,  reported,  his  Grace  was  willing 
"  to  obferve  the  Heads  of  the  Pacification,    but  without  Prejudice 
"  of  the  Difcipline  of  the  Kirk,  and  Satisfadion  to  be  made  for  all 
"  notorious  and  open  Slanders  ;   and  the  Bifhop  being  again  fum- 
"  moned,    and  not  compearing,    and  in  refped  his  Offences  were 
"  notour,  it  was  concluded  that  he  fhould  make  his  publick  Repen- 
*'  tance  in  Sackcloth  three  feveral  Sabbath  Days,  one  in  the  Kirk  of 
"  Edinburgh,    another  in  Holy-Rood-Houfe,    and  the  third    in  the 
"  Qiieen's  College;  and  two  I3rethren  were  appointed  to  admonifh 
"  him  in  the  AfTembly's  Name,  to  perfotm  the  faid  Injundion,  and 
*'  begin  the  next  Lord's  Day  in  Edinburgh,    and  after  in  the  other 
"  two  Khks  fucccjji%)e,  under  the  Pain  of  Excommunication  ".     Mr. 
Rol/ert  Pont  CommiiVionct  o( Murray  was  accufed  torNon-refidencc 
in  (Murray,  and  for  not  vifiting  the  Kirks  there,  excepting  Jnver- 
nifs,  Elgin  and  fbrres  for  thefe  two  Years  bygone  ;  but  he  excufed 
liimfelf  upon  his  being  obliged  to  attend  the  Seflion,  being  one  of 
the  Lords  olthe  Sellion  :  Whereupon  the  Superintendent  ot  Lothian 
moved  the  (^^ueftion,    Whether  it  was  lawful  by  the  Word  of  God, 
chat  the  Adininiflration  of  the  Word  and  Sacraments,  and  the  Ad- 
niinillpition  of  criminal  and  civil  fuftice  fhould  be  fo  confounded, 

B  b  i)  that 


190    T7;g  Life  o/'M-.  ALEXANDER  AR  BUTHN  I.T,     Vol.  f/f. 

A^,'^    that  one  Man  fhould  have  both  Charges,  and  the  Aflenil)ly  {xy^rcxid 
"^'V^    that  it  was   neither   agreeable   to  the   Word   of  Cod,    nor  to  the 
Practice  of  the  Primitive  Church, 

Tiie  Reader  of  D'llray  was  accufcd  by  Mr.  ^Davirl  C»riir/j/h^me 
ConimiiTioner  ot  Ktle,  Currick  and  Cnninghame,  that  notwitlifl m- 
din<»  that  they  liad  di(charged  him  from  adminiflrating  the  Lord's 
Suuper,  yet  he  did  adminiflrate  tlie  fame  alrer  his(nvn  Manner  ut 
Killirnie  die  lall  Eaftcr  ;  for  which  the  Afl'cmbly  (udainctl  him  to 
make  !iis  Repentance  two  fcveral  Sabbaths,  the  one  in  Kiliiniie.  aiul 
the  other  in  Di^lr.iy  ;  and  ordered,  that  if  lor  the  liitiiic;,  he,  or 
any  other  Readers  ihall  be  found  doing  the  Hke,  they  Ihall  be  depo- 

{cd. 

Befides  the  Accufiitions  that  were  brought  againfl  thcfe  Pcrfons 
in  the  Adcmbly,  tiiey  appointed  certain  of"  dieir  Number  to  give 
Anfwers  to  fuch  Quellions  as  fhould  be  propofbd  to  them  ;  and 
the  Q^iieftion  bein!4  moved,  Whether  a  Superinrendant  or  Commif- 
fioner,  with  Advice  of  any  particular  Kirk  in  their  Jurifdirtion,  may 
difpenfe  with  the  Rigour  of  Sackclodi,  prefcribed  by  the  Ac'fs  olthe 
General  AiTembly,  and  that  for  a  pecunial  Penalty  ad  pios  ujiis.  And 
it  was  anfwpred  in  the  Negative.  The  Qiiellion  being  moved,  If 
"rear  Men  who  are  guilty  of  Crimes,  may  be  di(pen(ed  with  for 
Money  (td  pios  tifns.  It  was  anfwered  in  the  Negative.  The  Quc- 
ftion  beiivj,  moved  about  the  Punifliment  that  is  due  to  fuch  as  ihall 
receive  and  entertain  excommunicated  Perfons.  It  was  anfwered, 
That  thofe  who  receive  excommunicated  Perfons  fhould  be  cenfured 
with  Excommunication,  after  due  Admonition,  and  if  they  dedlf, 
they  (hall  make  publick  Repentance  for  that  Fault.  The  Qiiellion 
bein<T  moved  concerning  thefe  that  confult  with  Witches  and  En- 
chanters :  It  was  anfwered,  That  they  fhould  be  excommunicated. 
The  Secretary  of  the  Council  having  prefented  certain  Heads  con- 
cerninfT  the  Alllgnation  of  Miniflers Stipends;  Licence  was  given  to 
Bifhops,  Superintendants  and  Commillioners  of  Vifitation  to  take 
Notice  of  the  Situation  of  Parifh  Cliurches,  and  to  change  them  for 
the  Commodity  of  the  People,  as  alio  of  the  Glebes.  After  which 
the  Allembly  rofe. 

The  next  Year  in  an  AfTembly  held  at  Edinburgh,  in  the  Month 

of  exarch  1574-  Cfor^f/)o«^/^j  Bifhop  of  <vl</«rraj  being  accufcd 

for  Fornication  committed  with  the  Lady  j4rdrofs  (a\  craved  leave 

to  advife  upon   his   Vindication   till  the  lOth  Day  of  the  Month, 

and  then  refufing  to  compear,  die  AfTembly  appointed  our  Author 

Avith  odiers,  to  call  before  them  the  Chapter  of  c^^rr^'j,    and  to 

Hei,n,.<ieexamine  diem,  how  they  came  to  give  that  Bifhop  their  Tellimo^ 

c1m!m^*  nial,    without  juft  Tryal  and  due  Examination  of-  his  Life,    and 

r,'"'^^^"'XQu'^lJfi'-"itions  in  Literature,    and,  in  the  fame  Allembly,  he  is  ap- 

A.nriescon-pQJpteJ  oucof  tlic  CommifTioners  for  penning  the  Heads  and 

cernins  the     f  ■,         rxr^-  r     \  T- ■    \ 

j„nia,£iion  Articles  concerniniz  the  Turildiccion  or  the  Jviik. 

of  ilie  Kirk.  <3  '' 

In 


(.»)  I'etiie,  ubi  lufti,  }3».    C*ldefwood,  Pig-  '♦• 


Vol.  ill  rrim.'p.il  of  the  Ktngs  College  o/' Aberdeen.  joi 

In  a  General  Alfcnibly  at  Edinburgh  upon  i^tli  Jpril  i^y6,  tiie;^^^ 
Bidiop  ol"  ft^^/wr^j  being  ordained  to  give  a  Proof  ot  his  Do(5tnne^^\J^' 
in  the  next  Provincial  Alll-mblj,  whicli  \ras  to  be  at  yibcrcicen,  Mr. 
u^rl'iilhuct  and  Mr.  John  Cratg  wereappointcd  to  report  their  Judg- 
ment to  the  AfTenibiy  concerning  it,  and  in  the  Year  1577,  the 
Cieneral  AfTembly  having  met  at  Edinburgh  in  the  Montli  ot  udbril, 
our  Author  was  again  diofen  JVlodeiator  to  that  Aflcmbly,  wherein'  H.i5.g,i» 
they  liad  large  Conrercnces  and  Difputcs,  concerning  the  Policy  oit,t\n,^°^ 
the  Church,  and  at  length,  all  was  appointed  to  be'"revired  byMr.b'j'  *"•"** 
^iiwes  Lawjon^  Mr.  Andrexv  Mehil,  Mr.  John  Craig  and  Mr. 
George  Hay.  Mr.  Patrick  yldawjon  Arch-Billiop  of  St.  Andrews 
was  accufed,  of  which  we  ihall  give  an  Account  in  that  Billiop's  Life, 
Mr.  Ja?r/cs  Blackziood  iiaving  the  J'arfonagc  of  Sawchar  and  Vica- 
rage o(  Saline,  lie  was  ordered  to  demit  one  of  them.  The  Recent 
was  by  a  Commi/Iion  from  tiiem  informed  of  their  rroccedings,^nd 
petition'd,  that  Providon  miglit  be  made  for  Vifitors,  that  Perfons 
deprived  of  their  Office  by  the  Church,  might  be  deprived  of  their 
Benefices,  that  he  would  take  fome  CourfeVith  tlicm  who  fell  their 
Benefices,  and  bellow  all  vacant  Benefices  upon  thefe  recommended 
by  the  Church  :  But  the  Brethren  who  petition'd  his  Grace,  having 
no  written  Commiflion  from  the  Allembly,  after  they  liad  attended 
for  fbme  Days,  were  difmiffed  without  any  Anf\i  er,  and  a  Faft  beiiiT 
appointed,  they  rofe  :  But  in  the  beginning  of  this  AfTembiy,  b<> 
caufe  our  Author  tlieir  Moderator  was  not  in  the  preceedin"  Affem- 
bly,  therefore,  they  ordered  that  the  Superintendant  of'^  Angus, 
and  other  fix  Minilters  Ihould  attend  him  every  Morniii"  from  feven 
of  the  Clock  till  the  fitting  down  of  tiie  Affembly,  for  preparincr 
fiich  Things  as  Ihould  be  brought  before  them  :  And  Mr.  Petrfe 
obferves,  that  (a)  in  all  the  fotlowing  AfTemblies  thefe  privy  Con- 
ferences, as  they  were  called,  were  like  to  that  which  in  the  Coun- 
cil of  Trent  was  called  the  Congregation.  For  within  fome  Years 
all  Matters  were  debated  and  concluded  in  thefe  privy  Conferences, 
and  the  AfTembiy  had  little  to  do.  Another  Aflembly  having  met 
the  fame  Year  at  Edinburgh,  and  a  Letter  being  prefented  to  ^hem 
from  Qiiccn  Eliz^abeth,  Ihewing  them,  that  a  Council  of  Proteflants 
was  to  meet  at  Magdeburg,  and  defiring  them  to  fend  fome  of  their 
Number  to  it,  our  Author  was  nominate  for  one,  but  none  of  them 
went,  that  Projed:  having  failed.  The  fame  Aflembly  having  pre- 
fented the  Regent  with  a  Copy  of  the  Policy  of  the  Church  as  ap- 
proval bv  them,  Mr.  ^rW/jwf  was  appointed,  with  feveral  others, 
to  attend  the  Regent  for  folving  of  his  Doubts,  in  cafe  he  Oiould 
Jiavc  any  againft  the  faid  Form  of  Policy.  In  a  General  Aflemblv 
nict  at  Edinburgh  upon  the  24tli  oApril  1 578,  he  was  one  of  thofe 
that  were  appointed  to  attend  upon  the  King  and  Council,  and  to 
rcafon  with  them  concerning  the  Ceremonies  of  the  Church,  and 
iiow  far  Miniilcrs  may  meddle  with  civil  Affairs,  and  if  they  may 
Vote  in  Council  or  Parliament  :  And  the  fame  Year  in  a  Parliament 

B  b  b  1  held 


(«;  (jidc/wouj,   )  «J.    Jyl, 


I  y  1       The  Life  of  Mr.  AJJ.XANDER  A  R  H  UT  H  N  t/f,      Vol.   If  f . 

r^^^^"""^    hcltl  in  the  CiilUc  ol  Stirling^    lie  was  noininatcci  to  be  one  ot  tlic 

"^^    Miniltci.s   tluit   flioiiM  confer  witli  tlicm  coiKcrnini;   rlic  Hook  of 

J^iCciplinc.  IiKiCicncriil  Allcmbly  held  at /:/'y;«/'«r^/y  upon  the  iXth  ot 

OcloUr,  he  was  apjxMntccI,  with  (ome  others,  to  draw  up  an  Order 

for  the  Examination,  Adniiflion  and  Ordination  of  Minillers. 

In  the  Year  15S1,  hU.Ccorff^c  Bucharum  havint^  conmiittcil  the 
Care  of  the  icvilini;  and  printing  of  his  J  lifhuy  to  Mr.  (t/lrbmhiei, 
Bw'lw,"  lie  publifhed  that  Hiltoi y,  which  gave  great OHcncc  not  only  againit 
"'""■''  the  Author,  but  againftMr.  ytrbiitimet,  who  by  an  Adt  of  the  Cicne- 
ral  Alleniblv,  was  ordered  to  be  removed  from  /iherdccn  10  St.y^n- 
drews  ;  but' his  Majclty  (iifpeding  that  it  was  only  to  have  his  Ad- 
vice in  their  factious  Troceedings,  St.  aAndrewf;  being  nearer  the 
capital  City  where  thcv  ordinarly  met  than  ylberdeen,  he  difcharged 
Mr.  Arhuthnet  from  removing  irom  the  College  of  yiUrdcen  under 
Pain  of  Horning  ;  which  tife  General  AlTembly  that  met  at  Edin- 
itirtrh  in  1585  complained  of  as  a  Grievance  :  But  his  Majefty  in 
liislxeply  to  their  Grievances,  told  them  {a),  That  they  had  no 
Kcafon,  all  Things  being  well  confidered,  to  think  that  this  was 
cither  lb  proper  for  the  Church,  or  lb  improper  for  the  Civil  Eftate; 
for  he  and  his  Council  had  good  Realon  to  direift  his  Letters  as  he 
did,  upon  die  general  Elleem  the  Northern  Parts  had  for  him, 
M'iieieiii  none  was  prejudged,  feeing  there  was  nothing  containing 
Power  in  the  Order  to  denounce  at  tiie  firft,  but  mtlicr  to  do  the 
Tliin'T  required,  or  to  compear  and  Ihow  a  Caule  for  the  contrary. 
But  this  Controvcrfie  betwixt  them  and  the  King  was  foon  removed 
bv  the  Death  of  our  Author,  who  died  in  die  46  Year  of  his  Age,^ 
and  was  buried  in  the  College  Church  of  Aberdeen  on  the  20th  of 

Odoher  1585. 

He  was,  as  we  have  faid,  one  of  tiie  great  Promoters  of  the  Re- 
..isDoti. formation,  and  conlliltcd  by  all  dieir  General  AHemblies  in  the 
nd  cha.»-y^l^-^j,.^  Qf  t|-,gij.  chuicli  I  Aud  altho'  he  was  of  the  fame  Principles 
with  BHcbanan  and  Mr.  oAndreio  c^ehil,  yet  he  was  much  more 
moderate ;  and  if  he  was  not  fb  good  a  Poet  as  Buchanan,  or  fo 
great  a  Mafter  of  the  Purity  of  the  Ronhtn  Language  as  he  was,  yet 
he  was  a  learned  and  more  univerfal  Scliolar ;  for  Bifhop  J/^or/cwo^ 
lells  us  {b)y  That  he  was  expert  in  all  the  Sciences,  a  good  Poet, 
Mathematician,  Philofopher,  Theologue,  Lawyer,  and  skilful  in 
Median  ;  fo  that  in  ewry  Subjedl  he  could  promptly  difcourfe,  and  to 
good  Purpofe.  And  the  fame  Reverend  Prelate  tells  us.  That  befides 
thefe  Salifications,  by  his  diligent  Teaching  and  dexterous  Go-vern- 
ment,h^e  not  only  revived  the  Study  of  good  Letters,  but  gained 
many  from  the  Super  flit  ions  to  which  they  zuere  given :  He  zvas  greatly^ 
loved  of  all  Men,  hated  of  none,  and  m  fuch  Account  for  his  Mode- 
ration zvith  the  chief  Men  of  thefe  Parts  (meaning  the  North)  that 
zvtthout  his  (Advice  they  could  almoft  do  nothing,  which  put  him  to 
great  Fafhery,  whereof  he  did  often  complain ;  yet  he  was  very  plea- 

jant  and  jocund  in  Converjation. 

We 

ta;  i-ciiic,  I'Jic  3.  I'lg.  441.    (t)  L'b.  6.  I'jg.  33}, 


and 
itc 


T' 


Vol.  HI.  Principal  of  the  Kings  College  of  Aberdeen.  19 j 

We  have  nothing  extant  of  this  Authof,  but  fome  Orations  in  JlfT;?^ 
Praifeof  the  Lawfs,    and  their  firft  Rife  :     Upon  which  excellent ^A/**^ 
Pei-foimance  of  his,    Mr.  Thomas  cPldaitland   has  the  following 
Elegy  (a). 

Eler'ia  c^Jlexandri  (tdrhiithnAi  orationihus  de  origine  ^  dignitan 
juris  prafixa. 

^Empus  erat,  cum  gians  dura  Jovis  arbore  nata, 
Et  facilem  vilis  praebuit  herba  cibum. 
Cumque  foret  vini  nee  adhuc  bene  cognitus  ufus, 

Sedavit  gelidi  fluminis  unda  fitim. 
Afl:  ubi  Trinacriis  errans  difperfit  in  oris 

f  rugifer^  meflis  femina  flava  Ceres ; 
Et  cum  pampineos  proles  Semeleia  coUes, 

Lxtaque  pinxillet  vitibus  arva  fuis  : 
Amplius  infuaves  jam  nemo  ex  ilice  glandes, 

Ex  rivo  gelidam  nemo  petebat  aquam. 
Hinc  Cereri  tribuit  Cerealia  fefta  vetuftas, 

Sacra  Dex  Cnidiac  non  violanda  jocis. 
Sacra  racemiferi  fie  &  Trieterica  Bacchi, 

/Era  puellari  queis  fonuere  rrianu. 
Sic  quondam  nobis,  prxclara  fcientia  Juris, 

fPrsecipites  error  fie  malus  egit  avos ; ) 
Non  oene  culta  fuit,  ncc  enim  gens  effera  legum, 

Conftringi  palTa  eft  libera  coUa  jugo. 
At  tu  dodlarum  Ipes  xiArbttthn&e  fororum, 

O  decus  o  patriae  fplendor  amorque  tuae  j 
Eloquii  poftquam  monftras  velut  amne  citato, 

Gentibus  humanis  commoda  quanta  ferant  : 
Fallimur  ?  an  legum  reverentia  fancfta  nepotes 

Obftringit,  quae  vix  ante  tenebat  avos  ? 
Et  pudor  afluetis  cohibens  fera  pedlora  frxnis 

Juftitiam  referet,  barbariemque  premet. 
Nee  Cereris  laudi,  aut  Bacchi  tua  gloria  cedet, 

Si  modo  jus  potius  frugibus  atque  mero  eft. 
Quod   fi  forte  tibi  facra  aArbuthn&a  negantur, 

Nomine  nee  niteant  ternpla  dicata  tuo  : 
At  Celebris  memori  tua  fama  facrabitur  aevo, 

Fa(5l:aque  pofteritas  grata  ftupenda  can6t. 
.Ma(5be  igitur  juris  cultor  dodtiffime,  perge 

Calicolum  laudes  aequiparare  tuis. 

Mr.  Andrew  Mehil  compofed  the  following  Epitaph  upon  him  (b). 

FLere  mihi  fi  fas  privata  incommoda,  fi  fas 
Publica,  nee  tua  mi  commoda  flerc  nefas  5 
Herem  ego  te,  mihi  te  ereptum,  pater  oArbhthnetef 
Et  pater,  Sc  patriae  lux  ocululque  tuac- 

C  c  c  Flerem 

<Pj  bcliKa  Vut-  ^M.  VvL  ».  J>.|.  I)).    (»)  Sdilis  PmI.  Scat.  VgL  t,  ttg.  im. 


194  The  Life  of  Mr.THOMAS  SMETON,  Vol.  f/f. 

/>-/v-^  FlereiTi  ego  te  Superis  carum  caput  ^rl^Hthnete, 

Jr\^'  Et  caput,  6c  facri  corquc  aninnif(iuc  chori. 

Flcrem  ego  :  nee  flcnti  foret  aut  pudor,  aut  modus,  cheu ! 

Flcrcm  ego  te,  tc  ehcu  !  flcrem  ego  perpetuo  ? 
Delicix  humani  generis :  dulcidime  rcrum  : 

Qiicm  Mu(aE  &:  Charites  blando  aliierc  finu. 
Cuius  in  ore  Icpos  ;    fapicns  in  pcdlorc  virtus : 

Et  Suadx  <5c   Sophix  vis  bene  jundla  (imul. 
Cui  pietas,  cui  prifca  fides,  conftantia,  candor, 

Et  pudor,  &c  probitas  non  habuere  parem. 
Sacras  &  Themidis,  medicas  &  I'aronis  artcs, 

Et  potis  immenfi  pandere  )ura  poli. 
Vis  animi,  vis  ingenii,    vis   vivida  mentis 

Et  terram,  &  pontum,  &c  fidera  perdomuir. 
Talis  erat  hie  a;vum  agitans :  nunc  artlicre  fummo 

Celdor,    &c  fummo  non  procul  inde  Deo. 
Perfrueris  vera  in  patria  caloque  Deoque 

Fcclix  :  ha:c  tua  me  commoda  flerc  nefas. 


o 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

Rationes  de-  origine  ^  dignitate  juris,    Edinburgi    1 572,    in 
4to. 


THE 


LIFE  of  Mt.THOMAS  SMETON, 
Principal  of  the  College  of  Glafgow. 


Hit  Birth     1^         jn  •^'  ^^'^^^  Smeton  was  born  in  the  Shire  or  County 
.^re'nt.ge  '    l^k      gWg     ^f  PcTth  {a%  of  a  meau,    but  honefl:  Parentage, 

at  a  fmall  Village  called  Gask^  not  far  from  trie 
Town  o( Penh,  in  the  Year  r  $^6.    He  was  taught 
his  Grammar  at  the   School  of  Perth,    and  his 
Philofophy  at  S.  Sahators College  in  the  Univer- 
fity  of  St.  Andrews,    under  Mr.  Willinm  Cranfion,    at  that  Time 
Provoft  of  the  Houfe.     Mr.  Cranfion  finding  him  a  Youth  of  excel- 
lent Parts,  perfuaded  him  to  travel,  hoping  that  by  the  improvin<y 
his  Parts  in  foreign  Countries,  he  might  become  ferviceable  to  his 
ihfo-  Fr!^».own  :    And  accordingly  he  went  over  to  France,    where,  after  he 
He  enters  in- had  ftaycd  for  fome  Years  at  the  Univerfity  o^  Paris,   he  went  to 
Ifthefcfu'ti-Rowf,  and  entred  into  the  Order  of  the  Jefuites,  having  ftayed  for 

three 

(<•)  Spolfwoad's  Aifl.  Lib.  6,  Paf.  335. 


Vol,  111.  rrmcipcil  of  the  College  of  Glafgow.  195 

tliiee  Years  at  Rome,  \\q  returned  to  his  Native  Country  about  (omeXr^ 
private  Bufinefs  of  his  own  ;    which  aftei:  he  had  fetded",  he  went*^V«V 
over  again  to  France,  where  he  ftayed  at  Paris  till  the  Year  1571. 
At  winch  Time  Mr.  Thomas  Mattland  coming  to  Paris,  he  prevail'd 
V'ith  Mr.  Smcton  to  go  alongft  with  him  to  Italy,  where  that  Gentle- 
man contradling  a  Sicknefs,  died,  much  lamented  and  reorated  by 
all  that  knew  him,    and  particularly  by  his  Tutor  Mr.  Srneton,  and 
was  honourably  intcrr'd  according  to  his  Quality  :  Which  fufticicntly 
expofes  that  Predidion  of  John  Knoxs  concerning  tliis  Gentleman's 
Death,  as  related  by  Spotjwood  (a),  who  tells  us,  "  That  tlie  Word 
"  of  the  Regent  the  Earl  of  Akrrays  Death  coming  to  Edinburgh, 
"  Thomas  (^aitland  a  younger  Brother  of  Lithmgtons,    whom 
"  Buchanan  makes  his  Collocutor  in  his  Book  de  Jure  Regni,  know- 
"  ing  wliat  Efteem   "John  Knox  made   of  the  Regent,    and  loving 
"  none  of  the  two,  caufed  a  Writing  to  belaid  in^he  Pulpit,  wliere 
**  John  Knox  was  that  Day  to  preach,  to  tliis  Senfe,  and  almoft  in 
"  the  fame  Words,  Take  u^  the  o^an  whom  "^ou  accounted  another 
"  God,    and  confider  the  tnd,  whereto  his  Ambition  hath  brought 
"  him-.   John  Knox  finding  the  Paper,  and  taking  ic  to  be  a  Memo- 
**  rial  for  recommending  fome  fick  Perfons  in  his  Pravers,  after  he 
"  had  read  tlie  fame,  laid  it  by,  nothing,  as  it  fcemecl,  commoved 
*'  therewith  ;  yet  in  the  End  of  the  Sermon,    falling  to  regrate  the 
••  Lofs  that  the  Church  and  Common- Wealth  had  received  by  the 
"  Death  of  die  Regent,  and  Ihewin^  how  God  did  often  for  the  Sins 
"  of  tlie  People  take  away  good  Ruters  and  Governours,  I  perceive, 
•*  faid  he,  that  albeit  this  be  an  Accident  diat  we  fliould  all  take  to 
"  Heart :  There  be  fome  that  rejoice  in  this  wicked  Fadl,  making  ic 
*'  the  Subjcdl:  of  their  Mirth,  amongil  whom  there  is  one  that  caulfcd 
'«  a.  Writing  to  be  caft  in  this  Place,  infulting  upon  that  which  is  all 
*'  good  Mens  Sorrow.     This  wicked  Man,  whofoevcr  he  be,  (hall 
"  not  go  unpunifhed,  and  fhall  die  where  none  fhall  be  to  lament 
"  him  ;  The  Gentleman  was  himfelf  prefent,  and  being  come  to  the 
"Lodging,  asked  ii  is  Sifter,  who  was  alfo  there,  if  fhe  did  not  think 
"  John  Knox  was  raving,    to  fpeak  (o  of  tlie  Man  he  knew  not  ? 
"  But  fhe  weeping,  faid,  that  fhe  was  forty  that  he  had  not  followed 
♦^  her  Counfel ;  tor  fhe  had  difwaded  him  from  doing  that :  None 
"  of  this  Man's  Denunciations,  faid  fhe,  are  wont  to  prove  idle,  but 
•*  have  their  own  EfFed  fhortly.     After,  the  Troubles  of  the  Country 
"  incrcafin^,  the  Gentleman  betook  himfelf  to  Travel,  and  paffing 
"  into  Jti'ty,    died  there,    having  no  known  Perfon  to  attend  himJ 
*'  This,  fays  the  Bifhop,  I  thought  not  unworthy  of  Record,  being 
"  informed  tiicieof  bv  the  Gentleman's  Sifter,  to  whom  thefe  Speeches 
"  were  uttered,    and  who  was  privy  to  the  whole  Pilrpofc,  for  an 
"  Advertifement  to  all  Perfons  not  to  make  a  li"ht  Account  of  the 
"  Thrcatnings  of  God's  Servants ".     But  with  all  du6  Submiflion  to 
the  Judgment  of  this  learned  and  wordiy  Prelate,  there  is  nothing 
in  this  Story  that  ftiould  make  us  believe  Mr.  KnoH  a  Propher,  for 

C  c  c  1  it 

(t)  Lib.  J.  P.g.  »}4, 


196  TIj:  Ltfe  of  Mr.] AMES  SMhTOK,  Vol.  Ill 

Jjy^P    it  was  very  udial  for  Mr.  /Cnox  and  his  Brethren  to   threaten  (iod's 
^''V^   Jud"mcnts  to  their  lincmics,  and  if  their  fa'thful  Friends  the  Mob 
put  them  in  Execution,    they  were  elleemed  Propliets,  and  if  they 
failed,  no  more   notice  was  taken  of  it.     Mr.  (J^attland  was  juft 
"oing  to  his  Travels  at  tliat  Time,    for  this  was  in  the  Year  1570, 
and  it  was  in  the  Beginning  of  1571  that  he  came  to  Paris :    And 
there  is  no  great  Wonder  if  Mr. Knox  fhould  know  of  his  Dcfign  of 
navellin<T,  and  it  is  a  great  Hazard  if  a  Man  that  defigns  to  travel 
for  feveral  Years  abroad,  returns  liome  again.     And  if  what  'Demp- 
(ler  fays  be  true,  diat  he  never  refolved  to  return  till  the  Romijh 
Religion  was  eftablifhed,  as  Things  then  went,  it  was  no  great  Diffi- 
culty to  prophecy  what  the  Event  would  be  ;  but  how  he  fhould  have 
fo  luckily  happened  upon  his  Man  is  not  furprizing,  neither  if  we 
confider,  that  lie  faw  Mx-a^aitland  in  the  Cliurch,  whom  lie  knew 
to  be  there  upon  no  good  End,  and  whom  he  knew  to  be  the  Regent's 
Enemy  and  his,  and  confequently  had  reafon  to  fufpecft  that  he  had 
put  that  Trick  upon  him,  tho'  he  had  not  known  his  Hand  Writ, 
as  'tis  probable  he  did,  havin^  had  feveral  Controverfies  with  him  ; 
neither  had  the  Thing  been  kept  fo  fecret,  but  that  it  might  have 
come  to  Mi.Kmxh  Ears,  for  the  Sifter  knew  of  it,  who  wasfo  great 
an  Admirer  of  Mx.Kmx,    that  fhe  believed  him  to  be  a  Prophet : 
And  it  IS  not  fingular  for  Female  Zealots  to  reveal  their  Secrets  to 
the  Men  of  God,  nor  for  diem  to  make  their  own  ufe  of  them.    And 
LaJ]iy,  It  was  abfolutely  falfe  that  he  died  without  being  attended, 
or  lamented  by  any  that  knew  him.     But  to  return  to  Mr.  Smeton ; 
upon  the  Death  of  his  Pupil,  he  went  to  Geneva  to  confer  with  the 
Reformers  there,  being  inclined  to  embrace  the  Proteftant  Religi- 
on ;  and  being  by  them  confirmed  in  his  Refolution,  he  went  ftreight 
to  Paris  with  a  Defign  to  return  to  his  own  Country  with  the  hrfl 
convenient  Occafion  :    The  MafTacre  of  Paris  happening  at  this 
Time,  he  narrowly  efcaped  by  the  Favour  of  Sir  T'homas  Walfag- 
ham  the  EngliJI)  Ambaftador,    and  came  in  his  Company  to  En- 
gland. 

Mr.  Smeton  was  no  fooner  arrived  in  England^  but  he  renounced 
He  «noun  jj^g  PopifH  Religion,  and  taught  a  Grammar  School  for  five  Years  at 
p'm'Rci.Bi-  Colchejier  in  Ejjex.     And  in  the  Year  1 578  he  returned  to  Scotland^ 
""^  and  having  joined  the  Reformers,  he  was  made  Minifter  at  Paijiey^ 

,o"«"«rand  chofen  a  Member  of  the  General  AfTembly  that  met  at  Edin- 
Mmifter/.'  l>firgh  in  the  Year  1 578.  Another  AfTembly  having  met  at  Edin- 
T'-pj.      Ij^^^Ij  on  the  7th  Day  of  July  1 579,  he  was  chofen  tneir  Moderator 

\l^^°^"sl'^^  this  AfTembly. 

ftmwy*  In  the  Year  1 580,    he  had  a  Controverfie  with  Nicolas  Burrr^ 

ProfefTor  of  Philofophy  in  the  Univerfity  of  St.  ylndrews,  who  had 
turned  Popifh  ;  of  which  I  fhall  give  an  Account  in  that  Author's 
Life.  At  the  firft  Erecftion  of  Presbyteries  in  the  Year  1587,  our 
Author,  Mr.  oAndrew  Hay,  Mr.  oAndrew  Polwart  and  the  Bifhop 
of  Glafgow  were  appointed  to  overfee  the  Presbytery  of  Glajgow^ 
in  the  Place  of  Mr.  ^Andrew  (^dvHy  who  was  removed  to  Sx.  Jn- 

drews. 


Vol.  ill.  Principal  of  the  College  of  Glafgow.  i^y 

firczcs.     Wliilrt  he  was  Principal  of  the  College  ot  Glajgoiv,  he  v/asj^^^ 
held  in  great  Efteem  by  all  that  knew  him,  ""for  Jiis  Knowledge  in^'V**' 
the  Con'tiovcffies  betwixt  the  Papifts  and  Proteflants  :    He  was  a 
right  Cahinijl,    and  tacflious  towards  the  latter  End  of  hi-i  Days. 
Ylt  died  at  dliijgow  upon  the  <5th  oiDecemUr  i  ■^'i'^,  and  was  buried   hi«  d.uh 
in  rlic  Cathedral  Church.     Arch-Bifhop  Spotijuood  fays  (<:),  That  he  £»«•  ^''"" 
i-jai  a  M^n  learned  in  the  Languages^  and  zvell  feen  in  the  ancient 
Euhers,  the  reading  of  luhoje  Works  he  did  ever  ferionjly  recommend 
to  the  ToHth  ;  the  ^njivcr  that  he  pennd  in  'Defence  of  this  Church 
a^ainfl  Mr.  Archibald  Hamilton,  and  other  Dtilates,   zuhich  are  in 
t)}e  Hiinds  of  his  D'fcipleSy    do  Jhew  his  Worth,    and  the  Lojs  that 
this  Church  hath  received  by  his  Death.     We  have  ftill  extant  his 
Book  againft  Mr.  Humilton,  wlierein  he  treats  of  the  Univerfality 
of  the  Church,  and  of  the  Primacy  of  the  Romifh  Sea  ;  to  which 
he  has  annexed  an  Hiftorical  Narration  of  Mr.  Knox\  Death,  whom 
Jie  endeavours  to  represent  as  a  Saint.     Mr.  oAndrew  a^lelvil  has 
compofed  the   following  Epitaph  upon   him  and    Mr.  ArbHth- 
net  {b). 

In  Alexandrum  Arbuthnetum  ^  Thomam  Smetonium,   duo  nojlr/l 
gentis  lumina,  ad  Septemtriones  ^  Meridiem  nuper  extindla. 

VIx  heu,  vix  raptum  deflevimus  ArbuthnetuWy 
Vix  heu  jufta  datis  folvimus  inferiis  : 
Et  premit  altera  mors,    &  funere  funus  acerbat : 

Et  magno  extindlo  lumine  majus  obit. 
Ille  quidem  Ar(ftoa  tenebras  de  nodte  fugabat : 

fulgebas  medio  Glajgua  ftella  die. 
Quod  fi  luce  fua  fpoliata  eft  noxque  diefque 

Noftra,  eheu  quantis  obruimur  tenebris ! 
Aut  ergo  e  tenebris  revoca  lucem  :  aut  hominum  lux 

Chrifte  redi ;  ut  nobis  ftet  fine  nodVe  dies. 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works; 

I-  A  Z)  virulentum  Archibaldi  Hamihonii  Apoflatx  Dialogum 
jCV  Je  confufione  Calviniana:  Se6l£  apud  Scotos  impie  con- 
jcriptum  Orthodoxa  refponfio,  Thoma  Smetonio  Scoto  auhore,  in 
(jtta  Celebris  tlla  c^u&Jlio  de  Ecclefia,  de  Vniverfalitatey  SuccejfiOne 
€5*  Ilomani  Epifcopi  Primatu  breviter,  dilucide  (f  accurate 
tradatur  :  adject  a  ejl  vera  Htjloria  extreme  vitA  ^  obit  us 
eximii  viri  Joan.  Knoxii,  Ecclefu  Scoticanae  Jnflaurato'rii 
fidelijjinii,  Edinburgi  apud  Joan.  Rofleum  pro  Henrico  Charteris, 
Anno  Dom.  1 57^.  Cum  Privilegio  Regali,  in  8vo. 

D  d  d  THE 

(.*)  hfott'tntoi,  aM  r«pi«.    (t)  0«li(ia  l'«it.  Sc9«.  VoL  a.  Ptf.  iti. 


J98  Vol.    Iff. 

An.   i;8). 

THE 

LIFE  of  James  crichton  of 

Cltinie^  commonly  called,  the  Admirable 
Crichto?u 

.  HIS  Gentleman  was  defccncled  from  a  very  ancient 

Parenugc"  '  H  Famil)',  \\\s  Ysii\\ci  RobcTt  CrtchtOH  oi  Clmiie  was 

one  of  thofc  who  comnianJed  Queen  <i^i>r)\ 
Army  at  tlie  Battle  of  Langfide  in  the  Year  i  56X. 

He  was  born  at  Clunie^  his  paternal  Inheritance, 

in  the  Sliue  of  Perth  in  the  Year  i  551.     He  was  taught  his  Clrani- 
mar  at  the  School  of  Perth,   and  his  Philofophy  at  tlie  Univerfity 
of  St.  Andrews  (a)  under  Mr.  John  Rutherfoord,  as  we  have  fliowa 
in  the  Life  of  that  learned  Pcrlbn:  He  had  hardly  attained  to  the 
o"i'K.mw."ioth  Year  of  his  Age,    when  he  had  run  through  tlie  whole  Circle 
Ihl^pVnVif  of  the  Sciences,  and  could  fpeak  and  write  ro  Perfedion  in  ten  dif- 
ie"»i»g-    fej-ent  Languages ;  but  this  was  not  all,  for  he  had  likewife  impro- 
ved himlclf  to  tlie  utmofl:  Degree  in  riding,  dancing,  Zinging  and 
playing  upon  all  forts  of  Inlbuments. 

HavniT  thus  accomplidied  himfelf  at  home,  his  Parents  fent  him 

abroad  to  accomplifh  him  further  by  Travelling.     And  coming  to 

H<rgo«tojP'^r/>,  it  is  not  to  be  imagined  what  Conflernationhe  raifed  in  that 

^;''7^';*';"' famous  Univerfity;  as  we  have  it  from  an  Eye-witnefs,  who   gives 

the  *i.oic    ,,5  f|,i5  Account  of  it  (b\     "  Tliere  came,  fays  he,  to  the  College  of 

Univtrfiiy  of  V/  r  it  C    i  \  i 

p.ir„«ithhisu  J\[aviirre  a  young  Man  or  ZO  Years  or  Age,  who  was  perledly 
■.ry  Pitts.  "  well  feen  in  all  the  Sciences,  as  the  learnedft  Mailers  of  the  Uni- 
"  verfity  acknowledged  :  In  vocal  and  inftrumental  Mufick  Jione 
*'  could  excell  him,  in  painting  and  drawing  in  Colours  none  could 
"  equal  him  ;  in  all  military  Feats  he  was  moft  expert,  and  could 
"  play  widi  the  Sword  fo  dexterouOy  with  both  his  Hands,  that  no 
"  Man  could  fight  him  ;  when  he  faw  his  Enemy  or  Antagonift,  he 
"  would  throw  himfelf  upon  him  at  one  Jump  of  10  or  24  Foot 
"  Diftance  :  He  was  a  Mailer  of  Arts,  and  difputed  with  us  in  the 
"  Schools  of  the  College  upon  Medicine,  the  Civil  and  Canon  Law 
"  and  Theology ;  and  although  we  were  above  Fifty  in  Number, 
*'  befides  above  three  thoufand  that  were  prefent ;  and  Co  pointedly 
"  and  learnedly  he  anfwered  to  all  theQueftions  that  were  piopo(ed 
"  to  him,  that  none  but  they  that  were  prefent  can  believe  it.  He 
*'  fpakc  Latin,  Greek,  Hebrew,  Arabkk,  and  other  Languages  moft 
"  politely  :  Fie  was  likewife  an  excellent  Horfeman,  and  truly  if  a 
"  Man  fhould  live  an  hundred  Years  without  eating,  drinking  or 
"  lleepiiig,    he  could  not  attain  to  this  Man's  Knowledge ;  wliicli 

«  flruclc 

(<)  ViJ.  ild.  Minut.  liKift.  Ded.  l>.itailo«  Ciccr.  Did.  Cniiq.  «c  Hiftor.  pjf  M.  Biyle,  Dcmpftcr  Hid.  hccUf.  P>g-  187J 
Joan,  impeiialit  Muf.  HiUor.  Fig.  »4i.  Sit  Thoni«s' Ufluhiit'j  Vmdicition  of  the  Scou  N«ion.  8tc,  (i)  Sieph.  Pilch. 
DlT)    C  lib.  J,  Cap.  >}. 


Vol.  III.       The  Life  of  JAMES  CKICH  TON  of  Clunic;  199 

*'  ftriick  us  with  a  panicle  Fear;    for  lie  knew  more   than   humane 'v.^v^s^. 
"  Nature  could  well  bear :  He  overcame  four  of  theDoftors  of  theC<»v«^" 
"  Church  ;  for  in  Learning  none  could  compete  with  him,  and  he 
"  was  thought  to  be  Antichrifl ".     But  for  the  Header's  Satisfa(flion 
I  fhall  hcie  infert  the  Words  of  my  Author. 

In  Navarra:  Collegium  njenit  Adolefcens  qui  dam  natus  Amos  XX^ 
nut  bonas  artes  apprime  callehat,  ut  fcntijjimt  quicjue  Acadcwia 
A'l>i?;ifyi  tefiahimtur.  Pruclare  fidthiis  canebat :  Nuweris^  ^ooce^ 
morlis,  Symphonia  cmdos  ■vincebat,  pingcbat,  (^  imdgimbus  colores 
ifiducchiit  optime  omnium :  In  rnilitia  expcrientijjimus  erat  :  gUdium 
ambahtis  manibus  difringebat  tarn  bene  ^  forttter  ut  cum  eo  certare 
nullus  auderet  Jlatim  atque  'videbit  hofiem  ftmm,  faltu  fe  in  eum 
projiciebat,  remotus  [patio  pedum  XX  aut  XXIV.  Erat  (tMagtfler 
in  artibus,  in  Mcdicina,  in  utroquc  jure,  in  Theologia :  Nobijcum  in 
Navarrx  Schola  difputando  congrejjus  c/7,  tametfi  Magiflrorum  min- 
qt'.a^inta  perfe6fij]imorttm  numerum  excederemus  :  Mitto  alios  ter 
tnilfe,  ^  eo  arnpiius,  cpn  concertationi  interfuerunt ;  tam  argute  ^ 
cumulate  refpondit  cfuxfiionibus  qux  propofit^funt,  omnibus;  ut  mfi 
pr£fentium,  certe  abfcnttum  fidem fuperet.  Latine,  Crxxe,  Hebraice, 
Arabice  ^  Unguis  all  is  pluribus  loquitur,  ut  qui  pol/tijime,  equita- 
bat  quoque  ut  qui  optime,  §}j^in  ctiam  fi  quts  homo  annos  centum 
'vrueret,  (^  fine  cibo  ^  potu,  dies  nolle Jque  injomnes  traduceret,  quas 
tile  animo  complexus  efl  Jcientias  ajjequeretur  nunquam,  ^  re'vera 
tnetum  ingcntem  nobis  incujjit,  Nam  plura  novit  quam  natura  hu- 
manaferre  pojjit :  Dolores  EcclefiA  quatuor  redarguit,  fapientia  com- 
parandus  nemini  -videbatur,  pro  Anttchriflo  habitus  efl. 

Sir  Thomas  Vrquhart  of  Cromarty  g'^ing  an  Account  of  this 
Difpute,  fays,  Ti\iir.  Crichton,  when  he  came  to  T^m,  caufed  fix- 
Programs  on  all  the  Gates  of  the  Schools,  Halls  and  Colleges  be- 
longing to  the  Univerfity,  and  on  all  the  Pillars  and  Ports  before 
the  Houfes  of  tlie  mofl:  renowned  Men  for  Literature  in  the  City, 
inviting  all  tliofe  who  were  well  vers'd  in  any  Part  or  Science  to 
difpute  with  him  in  the  College  of  Navarre,  that  Day  fix  Weeks, 
by  nine  of  the  Clock  in  the  Morning,  where,  God  willing,  he  fhould 
attend  them,  and  be  ready  to  anfwer  to  whatever  (liould  be  pro- 
poned to  him  in  any  Art  or  Science,  and  in  any  of  thefe  twelve 
Languages,  Hebrew,  Syriack,  Arabick,  Greek,  Latin,  Spanifh, 
French,  Italian,  Englifh,  Dutch,  Flemifh  or  Sclavonian,  and  that 
cither  in  Verfe  or  Pro(e,  at  the  Difcretion  of  the  Difputant  ;  and 
during  all  this  Time  inftead  of  making  a  clofs  Application  to  his 
Studies,  he  minded  nothing,  but  hunting,  hawking,  tilting,  vaul- 
ting, riding  of  well  managed  Horfe,  tomng  the  Pike,  handling  the 
Musket,  and  other  military  Feats,  or  in  Houfe  Games,  fuch  as  Balls, 
C^onforts  of  Mufick  vocal  and  inftrumcntal,  Cards,  Dice,  Tennis* 
and  the  other  Diverlions  of  Youth  ;  which  fo  provocked  the  Students 
of  tlie  Univerfity,  that  they  caufed  write  beneath  the  Program  thac 
was  fixt  upon  die  Sorbonne  Gate,  If  you  would  meet  with  thu  Monfier 
of  Perfcaiony    to  make  Search  for  him  (ither  in  the  Tavern  or 

D  U  a  i  BdvJdy 


200  The  Life  0/  j A M K S  CRICHTON  o/"  Clunic       Vol  l \ f . 

''^^-^  Bawdy-hoiil'c,  is  the  readtcfl  Wny  to  fnd  him.  Yet  upon  the  Day 
^A^"^  appoiiucd  lie  met  with  them  in  theQillcgc  of  Navarre^  and  ac(|iiic 
himfeU  bevonJ  Hxprcflion  in  that  Difpiitc,  which  laftcd  from  nine 
rill  fix  of  the  Clod  at  Night ;  At  length,  the  I'refes  having  extolled 
him  hif'hly,  for  the  many  rare  and  wonderful  Hndowmcnts  that 
Cod  and  Nature  had  bellowed  upon  him,  he  rofe  from  his  Chair, 
and  accompanied  by  four  of  the  moft  eminent  Profeffors  of  the 
UnivcMiitv,  nave  him  a  Diamond  Ring  andaPurle  full  of  Cold,  as 
a  Tcllimony  of  their  Love  and  Favour,  which  ended  with  the  Ac- 
clamations and  repeated  Huzza's  of  die  Spedfators.  And  ever  after 
that  he  was  called,  The  yidwiraile  Crichton.  And  my  Author  fays, 
that  he  was  fo  little  fatigued  with  that  Day's  Difpute,  that  the  very 
next  Day  he  went  to  the  Lnvera,  where  he  had  a  Match  of  tilting, 
an  Excrcife  in  great  Requeft  in  thofe  Days,  and  in  the  Prefence  of 
fome  Princes  of  the  Court  of  France,  and  a  great  many  Ladies,  he 
carried  away  the  Ring  fifteen  Times  on  End,  and  broke  as  many 
Lances  on  the  Snrcicen. 

The  learned  M.  dn  Launy  in  his  Hiftory  of  the  College  of  Na- 
rjdrrc,  finding  the  Hiftory  of  this  Difpute  recorded  in  a  MS.  Hiftory 
of  the  College  of  Na'varre,  and  the  like  Account  of  a  Spaniard  in 
Trithemins,  confounds  the  two  together,    and  robs  our  Author  of 
the  Glory  of  this  Atftion,  and  places  it  in  the  Year  144.5,  whereas  it 
ftiould  be  in  the  Year  1571,    as  we  have  Reafon  to  believe,  from 
the  Authority  of  thofe  that  were  cotemporary  with  him,  and  knew 
him,  and  have  recorded  this  of  him  ;  but  we  need  not  be  furprized 
at  M.  dii  Launys  denying  him  the  Glory  of  this  Adlion,    when  we 
find  M.  Baillet,  another  learned  French  Man  denying  there  ever  was 
fuch  a  Man  as  our  Author  (a),    notwithftanding  that  Aldus  Mann- 
tins  dedicates  his  Book  of  Cicero  s  Paradoxes  to  him  in  the  Year  1 541, 
and  that  the  moft  of  the  eminent  Men  in  Italy  in  that  Age  were 
acquainted  with  him,  as  we  fKall  fhow  in  the  remaining  Part  of  the 
p^f"/"/"  Hiftory  of  his  Life.     About  two  Years  after  his  Djfpute  at  Paris, 
whtre  he  '  q^yajano  Boccalmi  in  his  Advertifcments  from  Parnajjus,    tells  us, 
^^th^uVr-  that  he  came  to  Rome,  Boccalmi  being  then  at  Rome  himfelf,  and 
fl.LTtcd'.i-by  a  Placad  which  he  affixed  upon  all  the   eminent  Places  of  the 
^1  *'"*    City,  he  challenged  all  the  learned  Men  in  Rome,  in  the  following 
Terms,  Nos  Jacobus  Crichtonius  Scotus  cuicunque  ret  fropo/itix,  ex 
improvifo  rejpondehimus,  that  is  to  fay,  he  wasready  to  anfwer  to  any 
Qiieftion  that  could  be  propofed  to  him,  without  being  previoufly 
advertifed  of  it.     Upon  which  the  Wits  put  a  Paper  in  Pafquins 
Hand,  endeavouring  to  ridicule  him ;  but  that  noways  difcouraging 
him,  he  came  at  the  Time  and  Place  appointed  by  his  Placad,  an^ 
in  the  Prefence  of  the  Pope,  many  Cardinals,  Bi/hops,  Docftors  of 
Divinity,  and  Profeffors  in  all  the  Sciences ;  he  gave  fuch  fijrprizing 
Inftances  of  his  univerfal  Knowledge,    that  they  were  no  lefs  fui- 
prized  with  him,  than  they  had  been  at  Paris. 

From 


(a)  Hift.  dct  £i.f.  Cdcb. 


Vol.  III.       The  Life  of  JAMES  CRICHT  ON  of  Clunie.  loi 

From  Rome  he  cocs  to  Venicey  wlieic  lie  contradcd  an  intimate  ^J;;^ 
Frienciniip  with  ^IdHS  Mcimttiiis,    Lciurentius  Mal]]u   Speron  Spero-'^'^ 

\    r I    _.l 1 1    »  »-.-  1  •      ■'-''„  X  .   ^   I         .      He    ECU 


niiis,  and  fevcral  other  learned  Men,  to  whom  he  prefented  feveral  r'om%!?,V 
Toems  in  Commendation  of  the  City  and  Univerfity,  and  amontrft '^  ^"""' 
the  reft,  one  to  oAldus  Q^anntms,    which  we  have  ftill  extant°in 
the  T>cliti£  Poetarum  Scotonim  (a).     This  Poem  gave  him  a  very 
agreeable  Surprize,  being  prefentcd  by  a  Stranger,  whom  he  judged 
by  the  PerFormancc  to  be  a  Perfon  of  an  extraordinary  Genius ;  %ut 
when  he  came  to  difcourfe  with  him,  he  was  ftriick  with  Admiiari- 
on,  and  finding  him  known  in  every  Thing,  he  brought  him  to  the 
Acquaintance  of  all  the  People  of  Learning  or  Note  that  were  then 
in  Venice,    and  all  of  them  were  fo  furprized  with  him,    that  they 
thought  him,  as  he  really  was,  the  Wonder  of  the  World,  and  never 
fpokc  of  him  but  with  Admiration  ;  at  length  being  brought  before 
the  Doge  and  Senate,  he  made  an  handfom  Speech  to  them,  which 
being  accompanied  with  all  the  Graces  and  Beauties  of  Eloquence 
and  Nature  {b)  that  appeared  in  his  Perfon  in  their  outmofl  Luftre, 
he  received   the  Thanks  of  die  Senate,    and  nothing    was  talked 
through  the  whole  City,   but  of  this  Prodigy  of  Nature.     Having  r,omV?«" 
flayed  for  fome  Time  at  Venice,  he  went  to  Padua  to  vifit  the  lear-l^hc^fl,''; 
ned  Men  that  were  at  that  famous  Univerfity ;  and  he  had  no  fooner  ^I'tewf'* 
arrived  tiiere,    but  there  was  a  Meeting  o't  all  the  learned  Men  in;',,"*,  "'" ' 
the  City,  in  the  Houfe  of  Jacobus  Moy/tus  Cornelius,  to  wait  upon'  "'" 
liim,  and  converfc  with  him :    He  opened  the  AfTembly  with  an 
extemporary  Poem  in  Praife  of  the  City,  Univerfity  and  the  Aflem- 
bly  that  had  honoured  him  with  their  Pfefence  at  that  Time  ;  and 
after  f\x  Hours  of  a  Difpure,    which  he  fuftaincd  againft  them,  in 
whatever  they  could  propofe  to  him  in  all  the  Sciences :    He  con- 
cluded with  an  extemporary  Oration  in  Praife  of  Ignorance,   that 
aAldus  Q^anutius  (c)  fays.  That  they  all  thought  that  they  icere  in  a 
JDream,  And  that  he  had  almojl  pcrfuaded  them  that  it  zvas  better  to 
be  ignorant,  than  learned  and  zvife.     Sometime  after  this  he  fixed  a 
Paper  on  the  Gates  of  St.  John  and  St.  Pauts  Churches,    wherein 
he  offered  to  prove  before  the  Univerfity,  that  tliere  was  an  infinite 
Number  of  Errors  in  oAriJlotles  Philofopiiy,    which  was  then  only 
in  Vogue,  and  in  all  his  Commentaries,   both  in  Theological  and 
Philofophical  Matters,  and  to  refute  the  Dreams  of  feveral  Mathe- 
maticians :  He  likewife  made  an  Offer  to  difpute  in  all  the  Sciences, 
and  to  anfwer  to  whatever  fhould  be  propofed  to  him,  or  objedled 
againft  him,    cither  in  the  common  logical  Way,    or  by  Numbers 
and  Mathematical  Figures,  or  in  a  hundred  different  Sorts  of  Verfes 
as  they  plcafed.     But  for  the  Reader's Satisfadion,  I  (hall  infcrt  here 
the  Copy  of  this  Paper,  in  his  own  Words. 

Vt  its  (jui  (virtute  'verao^ue  aninii  nobilitate  altis  pr^luccntef)  bene 
de  'virluiis  aniatoribus  jcntire  confueverunt  gratias  agat  imrnortales 
Jacobus  Critonius  Scotus,  propgatifaue  (^  perditis  hominibus  omnem 
in  po^erum  jailandi  occajionem  auferaty  errores  Ariftotelis  peni  /'«- 

E  e  c  nurnerabiles 

(«;  Lidiux  fuel.  Scot,  ubi  ftipia.    (I)  Jouk  Io>|>«fitl.  ubi  fupM.    ((}  AUui  Mao.  fisf.  in  Occr.  Fartd. 


102  The  Life  of  J  A  M  E  S  C  R  I C  )4  T  Q  N  of  Clunie.       Valin . 

JJ^r^  numerahtUs  (^  omnium  Latinorum  Philojophortim,  /tve  cum  fie  iyf/4( 
^^'VV  mente  Jifputant,  Jive  cum  res  TlHologicas  attingHnt,  ^  jionmdlurnm 
quonue  Muhefcos  profejjorum  jomrm  rcfutahtt,  i^  ad  oljed-i  rejpon- 
clelit.  Ltljeram  ad  hxc  in  ohmibits  Dijciplinis,  five  tlU  pnllice  doceri 
Jolcant,  five  fiipientijjimis  tantitm  homtntbtts  pervu  fnt  argnendi 
occafiomm  dat  refponfurus,  five  Logicts  ^  conjnetis  refpor/Jtundus, 
five  per  jeer e tarn  numcrorutn  rationem  aut  Figuras  Q^titljcmatnas^ 
five  per  alimot  ex  centum  carminnm  genenbiis  ex  proponcntinm 
tvbitrio.  In  T>.  ^D.  Joannis  (^  Pauli  Ade  jacra,  ipjo  fanc/ijjimo 
Femccofies  die  pojl  meridiem. 

(iAldus  Q^amitius,  wlio  was  prefenc  at  this  Difpiitc,  fi\ys  (a). 
That  he  performed  all  that  lie  had  pronufed,  to  their  j^reateO: 
Amazement  :  And  he  tells  us  likewife  oF  another  Difputc  tiiat  lie 
iiad  before  a  great  Concourfe  of  Peo^jle  in  the  Bilhop  oi  Padua  s 
Houfe,  without  mentioning  the  Occalion  or  Particulars  of  it  ;  but 
Joannes  Imperialis  tells  us  (^),  That  he  was  informed  by  his  Father, 
who  was  prefent  at  this  Difpute,  that  it  was  with  one  oArchangcllHs 
Q^fercenarius,  a  famous  Philofopher,  upon  Philofophical  Subjeifls, 
in  whicii  he  acquitted  himfclf  fo  well,  that  his  Adverdiry  own'tl  be- 
fore the  Allembly  that  he  had  overcome  him. 

From   Fenice  he  went  to  (^antua,    at  this  Time  there  was  a 
r-ora'^^.!.  Gladiator  at  Mantua,  who  had  foil'd  in  his  Travels  the  nioft  famous 
whelTh''  Fencers  in  Europe,  and  had  lately  killed  in  that  City;  three  Perfons 
mou,*GU-  rhat  had  enter'd  the  Lifts  with  him  ;    the  Duke   of  Mantua  was 
*^'*""'       hifrhly  offended  that  he  had  granted  this  Fellow  his  Protedion,  fince 
it  Tiad  fuch  a  fatal  Confequence  :  Crichton  being  informed  of  this, 
profered  his  Service  to  the  Duke,    to  rid  not  only  his  Dominions, 
but  Italy  of  tiiis  Murderer,    and  to  fight  him  for  Fifteen  iiundred 
Piftols :  Tho'  the  Duke  was  unwilling  to  expofe  fuch  a  fine  Gentle- 
man as  our  Author,  to  fuch  an  Hazard,  yet  relying  upon  the  Report 
of  his  Performances  in  all  warlike  Atchievements,  it  was  agreed  to; 
and  the  Time  and  Place  being  appointed,    the  whole  Court  were 
Witnefs  to  the  Performance.     In  the  Beginning    of  the    Combat, 
Crichton  was  upon  the  Defenfive,  and  the  Italian  attacked  him  with 
fi.ich  Vigor  and  Eagernefs,  that  he  began  to  fag,  having  overaiffcd 
himfelf ;    then  our  Author  attacked  him  with   fuch  Dexterity  and 
Vigor,  that  he  run  him  through  the  Body  in  three  different  Places, 
of  which  he  immediately  died.     The  Huzza's  and  Acclamations  of 
the  Specffators  were  extraordinary  upon  this  Occafion,    and  all  of 
them  acknowledged,    that  they  had  never  feen  Art  grace  Nature, 
nor  Nature  fecond  the  Precepts  of  Art  with  fo  much  Livelinefs  as 
thev  had  feen  that  Day  j    and  to  crown  the  Glory  of  this  Adion, 
Crichton  beftowed  the  Prize  of  his  Vi(fl:ory  upon  tlie  Widows  who 
had  loft  their  Husbands  in  fighting  with  this  Gladiator. 
He  i.  nude     Thefe,  and  his  other  wonderful  Performances  moved  the  Duke  of 
r,TcVp"r"Mt«f«rt  to  make  choife  of  him  for  Preceptor  to  his  Son  Vincent  de 
M»,l)^  °^Gonz^agiia,   a  Prince  of  a  riotous  Temper,  and  dilfolute  Life.     T.'ie 

Couit 


(<)  Ubi  fupt>,    (I)  Ubi  (ufu. 


Vol.  III.       The  Life  of }  AWES  CRICHT.ON  o;^  Clunic.  20^ 

Court  was  highly  pleafed  with  the  Duke's  Choice,  and  tor  their  Di-^,'^ 
vcrhon,  he  compofed  a  Comedy,  wherein  heexpofed  and  ridiculed  l^C^^^^if^^ 
all  the  Weakneflcs  and  Failures  of  the   fevcral  Employments  that»comc<ir. 
Men  betake  tliemfelves  to  ;    which  was  looked  upon  as  one  of  the 
mod  ingenious  Satyrs  that  ever  was  nude  upon  Mankind  ;  but  that 
which  was  mofl:  wonderful   and  aflonifhing,    was,    that  he  himfelf, 
perfonated    the    Divine,     Philofopher,    Lawyer,     Matlicmatician, 
Phvfician  and  Soldier,    witli  fuch  an  inimitable   Grace,  that  every 
Time  he  appeared  upon  the  Theatre,  he  Teemed  to  be  a  different 
Perfon  ;  but  from  being  the  principal  Acftor  of  a  Comedv,  he  be-  ^^^  .^  ^,, 
came  the  woful  Subjecfl  of  a  moft  lamentable  Tragedy,  being  moft  ■J"«<i  •'/  ^•" 
barbarouOy  murdered  by  his  Pupil,  which  happened  thus  :  "'^' " 

One  Night  as  he  was  walking  alongft  the  Streets  in  the  Time  of  hu  dmih 
die  Cainaval,  and  playing  upon  his  Guitarre,  he  was  attacked  by  halfa«.  ^^"' 
a  Dozen  of  People  in  Masks ;  but  they  found  that  they  had  not  an 
ordinary  Perfon  to  deal  with,  for  they  were  not  able  to  Itand  their 
Ground  aeainft  him,  and  having  difarmed  the  principal  Perfon 
amongft  them,  he  pulled  off  his  Mask,  and  begged  his  Life,  telling 
him,  that  he  was  the  Prince  his  Pupil.  Crichton,  who  immediately 
knew  him,  fell  down  upon  his  Knees,  and  told  him,  that  he  was 
foriy  for  his  Miftake,  and  that  what  he  had  done,  was  only  in  his 
own  Defence,  and  that  it  he  had  any  Defign  upon  his  Life,  he  might 
always  be  Mafter  of  it  ;  and  then  taking  his  own  Sword  by  the 
Point,  he  prefented  him  with  it  ;  which  the  Prince  taking  in  his 
Hand,  and  not  being  able  to  overcome  his  PaHion  for  the  Affront 
that  he  thought  he  had  fuftained,  in  being  foil'd  with  all  his  Atten- 
dants, he  immediately  run  him  throui^h  tlie  Heart. 

What  moved  the  Prince  to  this  ungenerous  and  brutal  Acffion,  is 
varioufly  conjedured  j  for  fome  think  that  it  was  Jealoufie,  fufpe(fl- 
ing  tiiat  he  was  more  in  the  Favours  of  a  young  Lady   whom  he 

fjalfionately  loved  than  he  was.  Others  fay,  that  it  was  only  to  try 
lis  Valour,  and  the  EffeCt  of  a  drunken  Ramble  ;  but  whatever 
was  the  Caufe  of  ir,  'tis  certain  that  thus  he  died,  in  the  Beginning 
of  tile  Month  of  July,  in  the  Year  1585,  in  the  thirty  fecond  Year 
of  his  Age,  or  as  Jmfer talis  fays,  in  the  twenty  fecond. 

His  death  was  extraordinarily  lamented  by  all  the  learned  Men 
in  Europe,  and  from  thefe  Italian  Writers,  who  knew,  and  were 
cotempoiarv  with  him, .it is,  that  I  have  moft  of  all  that  I  have  faid 
of  him  :  Joannes  Irnperialis,  a  Dodtor  of  Medicine  of  Vicenz,a  in 
Ital^j^  w'ho  has  wrote  our  Author's  Life,  and  who  could  not  but 
know  die  Truth  of  all,'  or  moft  of  what  he  has  faid  of  him,  fince 
he  lived  upon  the  Places  in  which  they  were  aded,  and  who  had 
them  liom  his  Father,  who  was  an  Eye  and  Ear  Witnefs  to  them» 
^^)^  W»  '*  That  he  was  tlie  Wonder  or  the  laft  Age,  the  prodigious 
"  Produdlion  of  Nature,  the  Glory  and  Ornament  of  Pornajjus  in  a 
♦'  ftupciidious  and  an  unufual  Manner,  and  as  yet  in  tiie  Judgment 
"  of  the  learned  World,    the  Ph^riix  of  Literature,    and  ratlier  a 

E  e  e  i  "  fliining 

•-  —  ■  -     ■   ■  ,  ■    ,  .   . 


204  Tfje  Ltfe  o/'  J  A  M  h  S  C  R  I C  H  T  O  N  0/  Clunic       Vol.  /f f. 

Jui:'?^    "  fliining  Parci-lc  of  the  divine  Nature  and  Mujcfly,   tliana  Model 

^^'^'^'^    "  of  M'li^^t  Imnianc  Nature  and  Induftry  can  attain  to.     flis  V/ords 

"  arc,  Hic  ejl  Critoiiius  il/e  Scotus,  tranfaili  (wdumJACult  monflrumy 

"  prodigiofo  naturA  opificis  conatH  eclitaw,  djuo  I'arnani  fpatia  piipcn- 

"  do  o  iniiJitiJto  hectaculo  illujlrarcntHr  :  Ihc  ejl  tot  ins  nrlhuc  orbis 

^^  ]H(iicio  Phoenix  habitus  ingeniorum,    divinx  mentis  igriictdts  fHmmi 

"  potius  datoris  referens  nuijc/I'itemy    quam  mortalem  ad  Awmandurn 

"  laceffens  indHJlriarn.     And   what  can  be  more,    continues  he  (rt), 

''  above  our  Coniprchenrion,    than  in  the  lift  Year  of  his  Age  to 

"  be  Maftcr  often  Languages,  and  to  be  perfcdtly  well  fcen  in  Phi- 

"  lofophy,  Marheniaticks,  Theology,  the Belles-Lettres^  and  all  the 

"  other  Sciences ;  beildcs,  was  it  ever  heard  of  in  the  whole  Coni- 

"  pals  ot  this  Globe,  that  one  with  all  this,  fhould  be  found  expert 

"  to  Admiration,    in  Fencing.    Dancing,    Singing,  Riding  and  tlic 

*'  other  Exercifes  of  the  Gywnaftick  Art,     Eefidesall  this,  he  isftiid 

"  to  have  been  one  of  the  moft  beautiful,  and  one  of  the  handfo- 

"  meft  Gentlemen  the  World  ever  faw,    fo  that  Nature  had  taken 

"  as  much  care  about  his  Body,'  as  ftie  had  done  about  his  Mind, 

"  and  in  one  Word,  he  was  the  outmoft  that  Man  could  come  to. 

"  His  Words  are,  §lmd  humanum  magis  Juperans  captufn,  c^uam  'vi- 

"  qefimo  pr'imo  Rtat'is  anno,   decern  lingHarum  peritia,  nee  non  Philo- 

^^  j'ophix,  Mathematic&i    TheologtA,   witiorum  art  turn,  CAterarutnque 

"  omnium    dtfciplinarum   apicili4s  pr/nfittlje,   porro  quid  magis  toto 

"  terrarum  amhittt  inauditum,  quam  aigladtandi,  faltandi,  J'onandi, 

*'  equitandi,  totiufq/'ie  Gymnajlic£  pr^Jlantiam  Jingularem,    tot  arcanis 

*'  elatx,    mentis   junxijje  prarogativts  "  ? 

Mr.  Bayle  fays  (b),  That  he  was  one  of  the  greateft  Prodigies  of 
Wit  that  ever  lived. 

Eilix  j4ftolfus  fays.  That  lie  had  fuch  a  prodigious  Memory  (c), 
that  he  retained  more  Books  upon  his  Mind,  than  any  of  his  Age 
had  read ;  Plures  libros  memoriter  tenebat  quam  quijquam  ea  atate 
legerat. 

Sir  Thomas  Vrquhart  o( Cromarty,  having  infifted  on  all  the  Par- 
ticulars of  our  Author's  Life  in  a  fuftian  and  bombaftick  Strain, 
tells  us,  That  in  the  Comedy  which  he  compofed,  and  was  an 
Adl:or  in,  before  the  Court  of^  Mantua,  in  the  fifth  and  laft  Adl, 
he  himfelf  perfonated  no  lefs  than  15  different  Charaders  of  Per- 
fons  and  Employments  in  their  different  Habits. 

And  in  his  Charader  of  him,  he  tells  us,  That  he  gained  the 
Efteem  of  all  Kings  and  Princes,  by  his  Magnanimity  and  Know- 
ledge of  all  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen,  by  his  Courtlinefs  and 
Breeding,  of  all  Knights  by  his  honourable  Deportment  and  Preg- 
nancy of  Wit,  of  all  the  Rich  by  his  Affability  and  good  Fellowfhip, 
of  all  the  Poor  by  his  Munificence  and  Liberality,  of  all  the  Old 
by  his  Conftancy  and  Wifdom,  of  all  the  Young  by  his  Mirth  and 
Gallantry,  of  all  the  Learned  by  his  univerfal  Knowledge,  of  all  the 
Souldiers  by  his  undaunted  Valour  and  Courage,    of  all  the  Mer. 

cliaius 

(a)  Mufsum  Hiftor.  Jo».  Imptr.  ibidem,  Vcnctiit  apui  Junus  1650.  in  4(0.   C*)  iJ'b.  Ciit.  (t)  Oihcin*  hjri.  f  •  'o*- 


Vol  III.       The  Life  of  ,]AMV^S  CRICHTON  0/ Clunic.  205 

chants  and  Artificers  by  his  upright  Dealing  and  Honefty  ;  and  or;;y^ 
all  the  Pair  Sc.v,  by  his  Beauty  and  Handfomncfs ;  in  which  Rcfpedj^^'V^ 
he  »'as  a  Maftcr-piece  of  Nature.  The  Reader,  fays  he,  perhaps 
will  think  this  wonderful,  and  fo  would  I  too,  were  it  not  that  I 
know,  as  Sir  Philip  Sidney  fays,  That  a  Wonder  is  no  Wonder  in 
a  wonderful  Subje(ft,  and  confequcntly  not  in  him,  who  for  his 
Learning,  Judgment,  Valour,  Eloquence,  Beauty  and  good  Fel- 
lowlliip,  was  the  perfecfleft  Refult  of  the  loint  Labours  of  Pa/Lir^ 
y^pol/o,  M(irs,  MercMry,  Venus  and  Baccms,  that  hath  been  fincc 
the  Days  of  Alciljiflflcs  ;  and  he  was  reported  to  have  been  en- 
riched with  a  Memory  io  prodigious,  that  any  Sermon,  Speech, 
Harangue,  Of  o'tiier  Manner  ot  Difcourfes  of  an  Hour's  Continu- 
ance he  was  able  to  recite  without  Hcfltation,  after  the  fame  Man- 
ner of  Cellure  and  rronunciation  in  all  Points,  wherewith  it  was 
delivered  at  firft;  and  of  fo  (lupendious  a  Judgment,  that  nothing 
cfcapcd  his  Knowledge  :  And  for  the  Truth  of  all  this,  \\(t  ;^ppeals 
to  above  two  thoufand  Witneflbs,  that  were  flill  alive,  and  had 
known  him.  And  fpeaking  of  his  Death,  which  he  attributes  to  an 
Amour,  he  tells  us.  That  it  was  in  die  31  Year  of  his  Age;  that 
the  whole  Court  went  in  Mourning  for  him  ;  that  the  Epitaphs 
and  Elegies  that  were  compofcd  upon  his  Death,  if  colle(5ted, 
would  exceed  the  Bulk  o^  Homer  s  Works,  and  that  his  Piftuie  was 
Itill  to  be  feen  in  the  mofl  of  the  Bed-Chambers  and  Galleries  of 
the  Italian  Nobility,  reprcfenting  him  upon  Horfeback,  with  a 
Lance  in  the  one  Hand,  and  a  Book  in  the  other. 

Dcrnpfer,  who  was  cotemporary  with  him,    and  a  Profeffor  of 

the  Civil  Law  at  Bononia  in  Italy,  agrees  as  to  the  moH;  df  what 

we  have  fiiid  of  him  ;    but  he  tells  us  (a),    That  he  Was  for  fome 

Time  at  Geneva,  as  he  was  on  his  Travels  to  Italy,    and  that  they 

oflfercd  him  a  confidcrable  Salary,  it  he  would  remain  with  them  ; 

but  that  he  rcfufed  it,  and  tliit  no  Man  offered  to  detrad:  from  his 

luft  Praifes,  but  Trajano  Boccalmi  ;    but  that  he  being  a  Pdffon  of 

no  Erudition,  it  was  rather  a  Glory  than  any  Dilgrace  upon  him  to 

be  fo  treated  by  a  Perfon  of  his  Charadler  :    His  Words  are,    oAb 

unico  Trajano  Boccalinio  maledicentijjimo  male  exceptus  ejl,  fed  cum 

in  eo  homine  fcurrilis  dicacitas  fine  nlla  eruditionis  mixturafit,  honor 

trit  Crichtonio   nofro  a    tarn   imperito    njiolari.      Yet   the    fame 

T)empjler  blames  our  Author  very  much,    not  for  his  boafting  of 

the  Endowments  of  his  Mind,  but  for  his  affirming  that  he  was  de- 

fccnded  from  the   Royal  Family  of  Scotland.     Hanc  fane  ingcnii 

ofcntationem  lubentius  ferrem   o  f den  tin  J  pradicarem,  quam  pojjem 

pati  jaffaLunde  ad  Scotix  Re^es  eenus  ipfus  referendum,    nam  inane 

ejl  ea  [e  acniis  ant  fanguinis  gloria  perper am  arrogata   venditare, 

cum  I  ant  a  claritudo  in  tcnui  fort  una  ridicula  videatur,    quare  ut 

ryeruni  ft,  familiarn  Cluniam  nobilem  ejje,    ita  illud  mendactjfimunr, 

Regei  Scotii  Jacobi  Cricluoni  majores  uUos  extitijfe. 

F  f  f  Many 


(t)  Hit.  LccUl.  CcQ.  Scot.  iiUi  (iiftt, 


Z06  The  Life  of}  A  M  i:  'J  C  R  I C  H  TO  N  of  Clunic.       Vol.   IK. 

r^\^        Many  Poems  and  l-.pitapUs  were  compofcd  upon  liim,  hut  I  fhall 
^V^    only  infcit  thicc  ol  them,    that  I  have  (ecn.     The  i\r(\  is  that  (A 
our  own  Countryman  Dr.  John   JohnJIon,    in  his  Infcriptions  upcjn 
our  Heroes,  who  makes  him  die  in  the  Year  1581. 

J/VCOBUS  CRITONIUS  CLUNIUS. 

Q^IiiJiWimi  pdriter  ac  Mortis  aAlnmnus,  omnibus  m  JItuliis,  tpfis 
ettam  Italis  adnnrahWis,  Mantux  a  Tenets  iMantuanr  miluruis 
infidiis  occifns  eft,   Anno  Chrifti  J  581. 

ET  genus   ^-  ccnfum  dat  Scotiii,  Gallia  pc(fbiis 
Excolic :  admirans  Itala  terra  virum, 
Ambit,    (^  elfe  Ilium  vellet ;  gens  a-mula  vitam 

Abftuht;  an  fatis  hoc  dicat  uc  ilia  (1111111. 
c^antM   habct  cineres  fcelus  execrata  nefandum, 
At  tumuli  tanto  gaudet  honore  tamen. 

The  other   is  by  G  E  O  R  G I U  S  R  O  T I N  U  S  an  Italian. 

IGnoto  latuit  Phxnix  Critonius  a;vo, 
Funereis  poftquam  e^antua  merfit  aquis. 
Scilicet  ut  furgat  redivivus  in  a:thera  Phmix, 

Auxilium   polfec   qui  dare  nullus  erar. 
Famigcras   iterum  Critonius   exit  in  auras 

Ft   volar   ingenio    dodla  per  ora  virum. 
Addit  imperio  nianfuras  D^dalus  alas, 

Et  penna  has  pennas  iniperialis  habet. 

The  laft  is  by  J  U  L I U  S  R  A  N  C  O  N I U  S,  another  Italian. 

FErt  pracjudicium   fapiens   Critonius  annis 
Dum  vincit  rofeis  tempora  cana    comis 
Hinc  parat  infidias  xtas  quibus  ilia  iccedat 

Invida  qux  tantuni   nollet  habere  virum. 
Aft  iterum  fuperat  languens  fera  fecula,  .namque 

Qiix  fupereft,  famam  non  gelida  urna  capit. 
Ingenio  Phxnix,  Thmicis  forte  novare 
Debuit  occiduuni  non  moritura  dies. 

I  know  nothing  of  this  Author  that  is  extant,  but  two  Poems, 
one  in  Praife  of  the  City  of  Venice,  and  the  odier  addreffed  to 
Aldus  M.iniitius.  Both  which  are  extant  in  the  firft  Volume  of  the 
Delitig.  Poetarum  Scoticorum. 

Dempfter  gives  us  the  following  Catalogue  of  his  Works,  where 
it  plainly  appears,  that  he  makes  three  Books  out  of  that  Placad, 
which  he  alHxed  upon  the  Gates  of  S:.  John  and  St.  Paul's  Churclies 
in  Padua. 

The 


Vol.  III.  '  ■" 

The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 


107 


An.   ijs-^ 


I.  \^'^D^  ad  Lauicntiiim  Alanfum  plnrcs. 

II.  L'U'J.cs  PataviiKx,  Carmen  ex  tempore  cjfu^um,  cum  in  facobi 
AIoyHi  Coinclii  domo  expcrimentum  ingcnii  coram  tola  Acadcmia 
frequent  ia  non  fine  multorttm  Jhpore  Jaceret. 

Ill  Jg-norationis  Latidatio,  extcmporale  Thema  ibidem  redditum 
pojl  fex  horariim  dijputationes,  ut  pmfentes  fomnia  potius  fovere 
quam  rem  Je  'veram  videre  affirmarint,  ait  Manutius. 

IV.  De  appiitfti  Jm   Venetias.     Vtd.  Delirix  Poec.  Scot.    Vol.  i 
Pag.  2(58. 

V.  Od/z  ad  Alclum  Alaniitium.     Vid.  Del.  Poer.    Scor.    Vol.   r 
Pag.  z6(). 

VI.  EpifioU  ad  Diverjos. 

VII.  Pr^tfationesjolemnes  in  omncs  Jcientias  Jacras  ^  prof  anas. 

VIII.  Judicium  de  Philofopbis. 

IX.  hrrores    Aiiftotells. 

X.  ^rmis  an  Liter&  prajlant,    Contronjerfa  oratoria. 

XI.  Refutatio  Mathematicorum. 

Xlf.  qA  Comedy  in  the  Italian  Language. 


THE 


LIFEof  Sir i^ICH^T^T)  MAITLANT> 
of  Lithington^  one  of  the  Senators  of  the 
College  of  Juflice. 

I R  Richard  o^Maitland  of  Lithington  was  Son  to  WilH(tm  p,";',/';""' 
cy^Jaitland  of  Lithington  (a),    and    c^argaret    Seaton,'"^'"^^^"^^'. 
Daughter    to   George  Lord  Sea  ton,    the  fecond  of  tliat""* 
Name,  having  finilhcd  the  Coiirfe  of  his  Studies  in  Philo- 
_.        fopliy  and  the  'Rei/es-Lettres  at  tlie  Univerfity  oiSi.Jndreics, 
he  went  over  to  France,  where  lie  ftudied  the  Laws ;  and  upon  liis 
Keturii,  became  a  great  1-avouritc  of  King  James  IV.  and  in  the 
Books  of  Sederunt  is  marked  an  Extraordinary  Lord  of  the  Sedion 
Jii  1555,   and  was  admitted  an  Ordinary  Lord  of  the  Scfiion  {b) 
upon  the  jith  of  November  i^()i,   it  being  then  cuftomary  to  be 
Iirft  admitted  lixtraordinary,  and  then  Ordinary  Lords.     In  i^6z  Mci.m.j. 
lie  was  made  Lord  Privy  Seal,  and  one  of  the  Lords  of  her  Majclly  s  LVi^VIld 
J'nvy  Council ;  m  uU  xvliich  honourable  Stations  he  continued  till  J-;.',''  ^'"^ 
F  I  f  1  the 

'«)  Mi.  Ilillwy  ul  iln  I  .inil,  ul  ii4ivo,    (()  I'ul.  10  Mi.  tviWti  Dtcifioni. 


k. 


208  The  Ltfc  of  Sir  R  I  C  H  A  R  D  M  A I T  L  A  N  D  o/"Litllin^tol1,  Vol.  ill 

the  Year  iJtH-  In  which  Year,  upon  the  lirft  Day  ot  July  Uc 
icficinccl  his  Poll  as  Lord  of  the  Scfiiop,  having  been  iipon  tlic  i  jch 
of  ^cccniUr  15S5,  indulged  by  the  Lords  ot  tlie  Scllion  to  come 
or  not  as  he  pleal'cd,  by  Rcafon  of  his  great  Ago,  but  now  perniittcil 
to  demit  for  altogether  by  a  Letter  under  Kju^  James  V's  Hand, 
bearing,  that  he  had  fcrved  his  Grandfir,  Goodh'r,  Good-damc, 
his  Mother,  and  himfcif  faithfully  in  many  publick  Oflices,  and 
now  "rcatly  difabled  by  Age  ;  he  demicted  in  favours  of  Sir  Lewis 
■BalLmdcn  of  ^nchnonl  Juftice  Clerk,  referving  the  Fees  and  Profits 
of  his  Place  during  Life  :  And  this  is  tiie  firll  Inltancc  of  a  Lord 
of  Selllon's  beini;  permitted  to  demit  in  Favours  of  another. 
AnAommt  There  are  feveral  i\lSs  extant  of  this  learned  Lawyers,  of  which 
otiMswo.u^  f],.^l]  ajve  the  Reader  a  brief  Account.  Li  the  Library  of  the 
Rinht  Honourable,  the  Earl  oiWinton,  there  is  a  Genealogical 
HiTlorv  of  that  Noble  Family,  under  the  follo\i'ing  Title,  TJoe 
Croniclc  and  Hi  forte  of  the  Hoiije  and  Surname  of  Seaton  unto  the 
Ahncth  of  November,  in  the  Zeir  of  God,  an  thafand  fiqjc  hundereth 
fifty  aiichi  Zeirs  ;  colledit,  vrtt  and  Jet  furth  be  Sir  Richard  de 
Maitland  o/Leithingtoun  Knicht,  Donchter  Sone  of  the  faid  Hohs. 
Tiiis  MS.  having  been  communicated  to  me  by  the  prefent  Earl, 
I  fliall  uive  dic  Reader  a:  brifef  Account  of  this  Noble  Familv. 

OurAuthor  obferves,  that  there  was  no  Sirname  in  Scot  la  fid  be- 
fore oyldalcolm  Kcnmorh  Time,  but  the  Father's  NamC,  as  John 
MWtlliam,  01  Williamson,  ox  WtlliajnM Alexander,  which  Curtom 
is  obfcrvcd  till  this  Day  in  the  Highlands}  but  that  King  gave  them 
odicr  Sirnanies,  either  from  dieir  Offices  or  Lands  ;  and  amongft 
thofe  who  had  their  Sirname  from  their  Lands  was  the  firfl:  Founder 
of  this  Familv,  who  was  called  Seaton  from  his  being  Alafter  of  a 
Town  upon  the  Sea  Coaft.  The  firft  of  which  Name  that  is  men- 
tioned in  Records,  is  Dongalot  Dongal,  who  fJourifhed  in  the  Reigfi 
of  Kin2;  yllexander  I.  and  married  Janet  ^j^incy,  Dauglirer  to 
]{o^cr  '^luincy  Earl  of  Winton,  and  Conftable  ot  Scotland.  His  Son 
wa"s  Sehcr  Seaton,  who  flourifhed  in  the  Reign  of  King  T>avid :  His 
Son  Alexander  is  Witnefs  in  a  Charter  of  King  David  I  to  Walter 
de  Riddel,  his  Son  Philip  died  in  the  14th  Year  of  King  WiUiam, 
from  whom  he  got  a  new  Charter  of  Inleftment  of  the  Lands  of 
Seaton,  Winton  and  Wtmhhurgh  :  The  Tenor  of  which  is  as  fol- 
lows. 

Willielmus  Dei  Gratia  Rex  Scotorum,  Epifcopis,  Ahbatibus, 
Comitibus,  Baronibtds,  Jujliciariis,  Vicecomittms,  Minifris :  (^ 
omnibus  probis  hominibus  tottus  terr&  Ju£  ;  Clericis  ^  Laicis  Jalutcm. 
Set  at  is  prefent  es  (^futuri  me  concejjtjje  (^  hac  Carta  mca  confirmajfe 
Philippo  de  Seaton  terram  m&  fttit  patris  fui  fcizj.  Seaton,  Wmton, 
Winchclburgh  tenendam  pbi  ^  h&redibus  fuis  de  me  ^  h&redibiis 
meis  in  feudo  ^  htreditate,  in  bofco  ^  piano,  in  terris  ^  aquis  in 
prat  is  CT  pafcuis,  (S"  in  omnibus  earundem  terrarum  jtijlis  pertinentiis, 
cum  face  a  ($"  focca,  thol  ^  them  infangentheif,  cttm  furca  ^  fojfa, 
Mere  ^  quiet e^  pUnarie'^  honor tfiee^  per  fervit turn  unius  mtlitis. 

Tefiantibus 


Vol.  J II  one  of  the  Senators  of  the  College  of  fiijl ice.  joQ 

Tcf  ant  thus  2).Davide  Fratre  meoComtede  Huntingtoim,  Diincnno  j;^^^^ 
fuflitinrto,    Richardo  ^^   ^oxviA  Confiabtdarw,    Waltero  OliFcio  ^?V^ 
Jtifitiario,    Alano  Dapifero,    Waltero  de  Berkley  CimerariOy    Wil- 
Jielmo  de  Lindlky,     Richardo  de  Munfer,  Joanne  dc  Lundun  apitd 
Scrivlinc!;.     He  married  Helen,  Daughter  ro  tiie  Earl  of  Mirch. 

His  Son  Alexander  Senton  died  in  the  i\6  Year  oF  Kine;  Willia^ns 
Reign,  which  was  the  Year  of  our  Lord  izri,  and  King  William 
gave  to  him  a  ne\y  Charter  of  Jnfcftment  of  his  Lands  oi  Seaton, 
Wmton  and  Winchburgh,  the  Tenor  of  which  is  as  follows. 

Williclmus  Dei  Gratia  Rex  Scotorum,'  Epifcopis  d/dhhatihus, 
Comitibtis,  Baronihs,  jHfticiariis,  Vicecomttibus,  Prxpoftis,  Mimfns 
(f  omnibus  probts  hominious  tottus  terra  Jh a  ;  Clem  is  CST  Laicts  Jalntem. 
SciiUis  prxfentes  ^  fiituri  me  concejjijje  (jf  hac  Carta  mea  confirmajje 
Alcxandro///o  Philippi  de  Seaton  terram  qiu  fuit  rhilinpi  patris 
fni  fcilicct  Seaton,  Winton  ^Winchelbur^li  tenendam  fik  ^ h^re- 
dibus  fuis  de  me  &"  hxredibus  meis  in  fcndo  ^  ktreditate,  in  bofcho 
^  piano,  in  t  err  is  ^  acquis,  in  prat  is  (f  pafcuis,  inMorits  ^  Morefiis 
in  Stagnis  ^  Mokndims  Per  reilas  divifas  prAdidariim  terrarum, 
^  cum  omnibus  alt  is  ad  pr  Adidas  terras  jufle  pertinentibus  mm 
[ace a  ^  focca,  cum  tol  ^  them  ^  infangenthcif^  cum  furca  (^ 
fo'Ja,  libere  ^  quiete,  plen.irie  honor ifice,  per  fervitium-  unius'militis 
ficut  carta  mea  patri  fuo  inde  fada  teflatur.  Tejlibus  Hu^rone  Can- 
cellario  meo,  Willhelmo  de  Morvel  Conftabulario,  Roberto  de  Qiiinfi, 
Alsinofilio  Walteri  Dapifcro,  Philippo  de  Vallence  Camerario,  Sicro 
de  Q^uinci,  Wilhielmo  de  Haia,  Joanne  de  Haftings,  Roberto  de 
Berkley,  Davide  de  Haia,  Wilhielmo  Flandrenfi,  Herberto  Maref- 
callo,  apud  Vox^SLX  XFJ  Die  Junii.  He  married  fean,  Dauf^hter  to 
Walter  Barclay,  Chamberlain  to  King  William. 

To  aAlexander  fucceeded  his  Son  'Bartime,  wiio  married  Mar- 
garet, Daughter  to  William  Cuming  Great  Juftice  :  To  this  Bartime 
Patrick  Earl  ot  March  gave  the  Lands  of  Rochlaw,  which  Gift  was 
conHrmed  by  King  William  :  He  died  in  the  Reign  of  Kin^^  Alex- 
ander II. 

To  Bartime  fucceeded  his  Son  yidam,  a  Matter  Clerk,  who  mar- 
ried Janet  Gtford,  Dau;;hter  to  Hugh  Lord  Tez^ter  :  He  died  in  the 
Reign  of  King  Alexander  III. 

To  oAdam  fucceeded  his  Son  Chriflal,  who  married  Mauld 
Piercie,  Daughter  to  Ingram  Ptercte  :  He  died  in  the  Year  of  our 
Lord  1179. 

To  him  fucceeded  his  Son  Chnflal  or  Chriftopher  Seaton,  who 
was  (mc  of  thofe  Worthies  that  join'd  Sir  William  Wallace  in  the 
J)efciKc  of  his  Country  againft  the  Englifh  ;  he  was  obliged  to 
leave  his  own  Houfe,  and  to  retire  for  Shelter  to  the  Forreft  oi  Jed- 
burgh ;  during  which  Time  he  performed  many  brave  A<5fions 
againd  the  Englifl)  ;  amongft  the  reft,  with  40  of  his  Name  and 
i-ricnds,  he  deleat  Eight  (core  of  them,  the  Particulars  oi  which 
Adtion  are  at  large  defcribed  in  the  Hiftory  of  Sir  William  Wallace  : 
He  married  Agner,  Daughter  to  Patrick  Earl  of  March,   and  died 

G  g  g  before 


210  TIjc  Life  of  Sir  K  I  CHARD  MAITL  ANJ)o/"LicIi)ngton.  Vol.  Iff. 
before  Sir  Williaw  IVitllace  was  betrayed.     His  Son  Sjr  ChriflopUr  wai 


Oa/\*r\ 


*AAj  one  of  the  biavcfl:  Gentlemen  of^  lii";  Age,  and  was  tallcJ,-  '['ijc ^oorl 
Sir  Chrilloplicr,  for  the  many  brave  Actions  that  lie  did,  in  Delcncc 
of  his  Country,  againfl  the  Engltjh  ;  for  he  was  one  of  the  lirft  who 
joined  King  Robert  Bruce,  and  was  prefenc  at  his  Coron.ition  in 
the  Month  of  oydpril  at  Scoon,  in  the  Year  1 306,  And  at  tlic  Hartlc 
of  (iMethven,  when  the  King  was  taken  Prifoncr,  and  the  lin^^li/h 
were  in  Derifion,  calling  to  the  Scots  to  relcuc  their  new  Kini!; : 
Sir  Chrijlopher,  with  his  Followers,  came  to  the  Place  where  tfie 
King  was,  aiid  ftruck  the  Fellow  dead  with  his  own  Hand,  who  had 
the  King  in  his  Arms,  and  (et  him  at  Liberty.  For  this,  and  his 
other  noble  Actions,  theKing  knighted  him,  and  gave  him  his Siflcr 
ChrifthVi  Bruce  in  Marriage,  with  the  Honour  of  adding  to  his 
Arms  the  double  Trellure  of  Flour  de  Lis  ;  the  paternal  Coat  of 
this  noble  Family  being  [a)  Or,  three  Crefcents  with  a  double  Tre- 
fure,  count erhivered  Gules.  At  length  this  brave  Gentleman  was 
taken  Prifoncr  by  the  EngliPi  in  the  Caftle  of  Lindores,  and  belica- 
ded  upon  a  little  Eminence  or  rifing  Ground  hard  by  'Dumfries, 
v/herc,  not  long  afterwards,  King  Robert  cauled  found  a  Chappcl 
in  Honour  of  the  blelfed  Virgin,  and  in  Commemoration  of  Sir 
Chriftopher  and  his  Sifter,  allowing  a  yearly  Penfion  of  (\vc  Pound 
Sterling  to  a  Prieft  for  faying  Ma(s  for  their  Souls,  as  it  appears  from 
the  Charter  of  Eredfion  which  is  in  the  Lawyers  Library ;  where, 
amongft  other  Exprellions,  is  this;  ^_ff/<^  Chriftophorus  miles  diledus, 
mortuus  eft  in  Jervitio  noflro,  ^  Chriftiana  Bruce  fponfa  fua,  nofira 
dile^aforor.  That  is  to  fay,  Becaufe  our  beloved  Knight  C/jr/- 
fiopher  died  in  our  Service,  and  that  Chriflian  Bruce  his  Wife  was 
our  beloved  Sifter.  The  Englifh  not  only  took  this  brave  Gentle- 
man's Life,  but  they  forcfaulted  him  of  all  his  Lands,  both  in  Scot- 
land and  England  :  And  Dugdal  tells  us(b),  That  his  Englifh  Eftare 
was  oi  as  great  Value  as  that  which  he  had  in  Scotland. 

To  "ood  Sir  Chrifiopher  fucceeded  his  Son  Sir  ^Alexander,  not 
only  in  his  Eftate  which  was  reftoied  to  him  bj^  the  King,  but  like- 
wife  in  his  Valour  and  Loyalty  ;  and  I  have  feen  an  Indenture  in 
the  Year  of  our  Lord  U08,  wherein  this  Sir  Alexander,  Sir  Gilbert 
Hay  and  Sir  Neil  Campbell  agree  upon  defending  King  Robert  Bruce  s 
Right  to  the  Crown,  to  the  laft  Minute  of  their  Lives  ;  and  this 
they  folemnly  fwore  to  do  upon  the  Sacrament  at  Cambuskenneth, 
and  their  Seals  are  appended  to  it  in  green  Wax,  with  the  Seal  of 
Galfrid  Abbot  of  Cambuskenneth.  The  Words  of  this  Indenture 
are, 

Conventum  fuit  ^  concordatum  inter  nobiles  JOominum  Alexan- 
drum  de  Seaton,  militem  ^  Vominum  Gilbertum  de  Haya,  militem 
C$*  Dominum  Nigellum  Campbell,  militem  apud  c^onaflerium  de 
Cambuskenneth,  9  Septembris,  cpui  ta^a  jacrofandfa  Euchariflia 
magnoque  juramento  data  jurarunt  fe  debere  libertatem  regni  (^ 
Rolperti  nuper  Regem   coronatum   contra  omnes  tnortales  Francos, 

Anizlos 

(«)  ViJ.  Mt.  Nisbtl":  Mirk5  of  CaJjncy,   Pjg.  189.     (i)  Toir.  i.   P«p.  1\6. 


VoL  J II.  one  of  the  Senators  of  the  College  of  Juflice.  2.1 1 

An:;los   ^   Scotos    defendere  ufque   ad   tdtimmn    terminum  'Vtt&'^^ 
i^jorur,!.  *-'%^^ 

Tiiis  brave  Gentleman  was  killed  oppoHng  £JcyrTr<^  5j///W  ar  liis 
fiifl  landing  at  Kinghor?t,  as  our  Author  fays ;    but  our  Hiftorians 
fay,  tliat  it  was  at  the  Battle  oi  Duplin,  both  wliich  happened  in  the 
Year  1352.,    being  the  fecond  Year  of  King  Difuid  Bmces  Reign. 
This  Gentleman  married   Jfol^el  M^Dujf'.,    Daughter   to   Duncan 
M'^DfifffEcid  o^  Fife,    and  tor  his  valour  and  Loyalty  got  feveral 
Charters,  befides   thefe   of  Confirmation^of  liis  ancient  Heritage, 
ere(fling  it  not  only  in  a  free  Barony,  but  in  Liberam  ivcirrenam  in 
perpetuum,  difcharging  all  Perfons  to  hunt,  hawk  or  fifh  within  the 
Barony,  without  Confent  or  Allowance  of  him  and  -his  Succeffors, 
dated  at  ^^rcwV^  the  lOth  oi  oApril,  the  i6th  Year  of  King  i^oZ-frf 
iBruces  Jleign  ;  and  by  another  Charter  of  the  lame  Date,  the  Town 
of  Seciton  is  made  a  free  Burgh   of  Barony  ;    and  by  a  Charter  at 
Duwferrnling,    Date  the  i6th  of    "January,    the   i8th  Year  of  his 
lleign,  he  grants  to  the  faid  Town  oi  Seaton  the  Liberty  of  having 
a  weekly  Market  every  Lord's  Day  after  Mafs  :    This  King  likewile 
grants  to  this  Sir  Alexander  feveral  Lands,  fuch  as  thofe  of  Faufide, 
£lphinJ}on,  and  that  Part  of  the  Barony  oiT^ranent  poflefled  by  the 
Fcrrars,  and  the  Lands  of  Dimdajs,  with  the  'villa  Pajjagti  Regin^, 
or  the  §lueens  Ferry  :    And  by  another  Charter  he  gives  him  the 
whole  Superiority  of  the  Barony  of  Cragie  ;  all  which  Cliarters  I 
have  feen  in  the  prefent  Earl  of  Wintons  Cuftody.     But  to  fhow 
what  the  French  Language  was  at  that  Time,  I  fhall  here  infert  a 
Copy  of  a  French  Charter  to  this  Sir  Alexander,  of  the  Lands  of 
'Barns,    "  Rok.  par  la  Grace  de  Dieu,  d'  Efcofe,  a  toutis  les  benes 
"  gentz  de  tute  fa  Tre  falutz,   fachez,  ^en  la  pTencc  de  nre  plein 
"  confail  a  vomes  gnate,  qe  por  nule  ordenance  repTe  qe  fa  puife 
"  faire  deforenanant  de  noz  demandes,  qe  la  donn  qe  noz  avonis 
"  fet  a  nra  Foial,  a  Loial  Alexandre  de  Seton,    Chevalier,  por  fon 
*'  bon  fervicc  en  Hicrland  e  en  Efcorfe  de  tre  del  Bernes,    oue  les 
"  aportenances  pres  de  Hadtngtone,   de  la  place  diu  molyn  entre 
*'  Hadyngton  ales  fonemes  q'efl:  appelle  Bejlmillne  he  fa  teigne  ferma 
"  e  cftable  a  towz  jours  en  teifmignance  de  quen  Chofe  aceftes  noz 
"  Cres  a  voms  fet  mettre  nre  feal  pees.     Tefmoignes  le  Honourable 
"  pier  en  Dieu  fire  William  par  la  Grace  de  Dieu  Evefq's  de  Seint 
"  Andrews,  Duncan  Count  de  Fjfe,    Thomas  Randolf  Count  de 
"  Huriffe  Seign  de  val  de  oAnnande  de  Manne  Walter  Seign  de  Efco- 
"  Z'^ff"'  James  Seign  de  Douglafs  et  Robr.  de  lieth  Chevaliers.    Done 
"  a  Berwick  fur  Twede,   la  XXVI  Jour  de  JMaiz  L'An  de  nre  rgne 
"  quatorziemc. 

l^y  this  Charter  we  find,  that  this  Gentleman  had  been  very 
fcrviccablc  to  the  King  in  Ireland. 

To  this,  Sir  Alexander  fucceeded  his  Son  Sit  Alexander,  who  was 
the  famous  Govcrnour  of  the  Caftle  of  'Berwick,  who  fujffered  his 
two  Sons  to  be  hanged  by  King  Edward,  when  he  laid  Siege  to  the 
Town  of  Berwick,  rather  than  betray  his  King  and  Country :    Tlio 

G  g  g  I  Hiftory 


z  1 1  The  Life  of  Sir  RICHARD  MAITLAND  of  Lhhin'^iou,  Vol.  /If. 

ry^  Hiftory  oF  Iiis  Valour,  and  his  Behaviour  on  this  extraordinary  ()c- 
^'^  cadoji,  is  llilly  related  by  all  our  Hiftorians ;  but  our  Autlior  blames 
them  extremely  lor  their  making  his  Lady  to  be  the  main  Occaflon 
of  tliis  Heroick  AdUon  ;  whereas  he  fays,  the  contrair  is  plain  from 
her  Speech  to  him  in  her  Chamber,  after  that  barbarous  A(^tion 
liad  been  committed  by  King  Edward  :  But  wiiatevcr  Truth  is  in 
this,  it  is  certain,  that  this  Lady,  whofe  Name  was  Chriflinn  Chaynr, 
defbrves  to  have  her  Name  tranfmitted  to  Pofterity,  with  the  largeft 
Encomiums  for  her  Behaviour  upon  this  Occafion.  She  bore  four 
Sons  to  him,  Thomas  and  William,  who  were  put  to  Death  at  Bcr- 
zvick  by  King  Edward;  (*/dlexander  who  fucceedcd  to  his  Father, 
and  John  who  married  the  Heirefs  of  Tarhorh  :  Upon  which  our 
Author  takes  the  Occafion  of  giving  an  Account  of  the  Family  of 
Farbroth  from  their  firft  Rife  till  the  Year  1 580.  This  Sir  Alexander 
died  towards  the  latter  End  of  King  David's  Reign,  having  lived 
to  a  great  Age,  and  lies  buried  in  the  Church  of  Scaton. 

To  this  Sir  uilexandtr  fucceeded  his  Son  Sit  Alexander  the  Third 
of  that  Name,  who  lived  in  the  Reign  of  King  Robert  I.  of  th.e 
Race  of  Stewart :  Our  Author  does  not  tell  us  whom  he  married, 
but  he  fays,  that  y^llan  Lord  oiWinton  ravifhed  a  Daughter  of  his 
in  the  Year  1335.  His  Son  Sir  Alexander  the  Fourth  of  that  Name 
married  Jean  Halibiirton  of  Dirlton,  and  lived  to  a  good  Age,  and 
was  buried  in  the  Church  of  Seaton. 

His  Son  Sir  William  was  created  Lord  Seaton  by  King  Robert  IIL 
He  married  Katharin  Sinclair,  a  Daughter  of  Hermijlons,  with 
whom  he  had  feven  Daughters  and  two  Sons  ;  his  eldefl:  Daughter 
was  married  to  the  Lord  ^arnly,  his  fecond  to  the  Lord  Kennedy^ 
the  third  to  the  PredecefTbr  of  the  Earl  of  ^irly,  the  fourth  to  the 
Predeceflbr  of  the  Lord  Carlijle,  the  fifth  to  Haddin  of  Glenefhies, 
tlie  fixth  to  Hamilton  of  Prejlon,  and  the  feventh  to  Lander  of 
Tople  ;  he  defigned  to  have  married  his  eldeft  Son  John  to  die 
Heretrix  of  Gordon  and  Strathbogie  ;  but  he  being  in  Love  with  a 
Daughter  of  the  Earl  of  ey'kfarch's,  he  married  her  privately  without 
his  Father's  Confent;  and  behaving  the  Ward  of  that  Lady's  iMar- 
riage  from  the  King,  he  gave  her  to  his  fecond  Son  ^lexander^ 
who  had  two  Sons  with  her,  Alexander,  the  firft  Earl  of  Hantly^ 
and  Wtliiam,  who  married  the  Heirefs  of  (^Meldrum.  This 
Alexander  Seaton  firft  Earl  of  Huntly  married  Giles  Hay  Here- 
trix of  the  EnZjie,  and  feveral  other  Lands,  and  had  but  one  Son 
with  her,  Alexander  Seaton  of  Touch  and  Tilibody,  of  whom  the 
prefent  Laird  of  Touch  is  lineally  defcended  ;  but  having  married 
tor  his  fecond  Wife  (^Margaret  Crichton,  Daughter  to  the  Lord 
Crichton,  by  her  Perfuafion  he  gave  all  his  Lands  of  Strathbogie, 
the  Enz,ie,  ^c.  to  her  Son  George,  and  made  him  Earl  of  Huntly. 
Upon  this  Occafion  our  Author  makes  a  Digre/Iion  concerning  the 
Succeftion  of  the  Families  of  Huntly,  Touch,  Meldrum,  Sutherlandy 
and  other  Branches  of  this  Family :  This  Lord  William  died  in  a 
good  Age,  and  lies  buried  in  the  Cordelier  Friars  at  Haddington,  to 

which 


Vol.  III.  one  of  the  Senators  of  the  College  of  Jujlice.  2.1? 

which  lie  moicified  /Ix  Load  of  Coals  tveckly  from   liis  Coal  Pit  ac^^-^^"^ 
Tranent,  and  forty  Sliillings  annually  out  of  his  Lands  of  Bams.      '^V^ 

To  Lord  Wtllit-m  fucceedcd  his  Son  Lord  John,  wlio  was  made 
Maftcr  of  the  Houfhold  to  King  James  I.  and  (ent  by  that  Monarch 
to  France  ro  accompany  his  Daughter,  who  was  married  to  the 
Daiiphtn  upon  the  14th  o^  June  143(5.  After  his  Return  to  Scotland 
be  died,  and  lies  buried  in  the  Church  of  Seaton,  in  the  Ifle  foun- 
ded by  his  Mother  ;  he  had  a  Daughter  who  was  married  to  the 
Eail  ot  Mar  ifc  ha  I. 

To  Lord  John  fucceeded  his  Son  Lord  George  in  the  9th  Year  of 
his  A"e  ;  tlie  Lord  Crichton  being  then  Governour  of  the  Caftleof 
Edinburgh,  got  him  in  keeping,  which  liiglilydifpleafed  his  Mother, 
the  Laird  of  John fl on  falling  in  Love  with  his  Mother,  found  the 
Means  to  convoy  iiim  fecretly  out  of  the  Caftle  to  his  Country  Seat 
at  Lochzvood  m  Annandale,  and  afterwards  reftoied  Jiim  to  his  Mo- 
ther ;  which  was  fo  obliging  to  her,  that  he  obtained  his  Defian 
and  got  her  in  Marriage.  Tiiis  Nobleman  was  a  Perfon  of  oreac 
Hofpitality;  he  was  twice  married,  firft  to  the  Daughter  and  Heir 
of  John  Earl  of  Buchan  Conftable  of  France,  who  was  killed  at  the 
Battle  of  Verno^l,  with  xvdiom  he  had  two  Sons,  fohn  and  T>uo-ald, 
and  a  Daughter  called  Chrijlian  :  John  was  married  to  a  Daughter 
ot  the  Lord  Lindfay  ot  Bayars,  who  bore  to  him  three  Sons  and 
one  Daughter:  Dongald  his  fecond  Son  died  without  Kfue,  and  his 
Daughter  Chrifttan  was  married  ro  Hugh  Douglafs  of  Corehead ;  his 
fecond  Lady  was  Chrijlian  Murray,  Daughter  to  the  Laird  of  Tii/i- 
bardin,  with  whom  he  had  no  Iffue  :  He  died  in  tlie  Reign  of  Kina 
Jafnes  III.  and  lies  buried  in  the  Quire  of  the  Black  Friars  0I 
Edinburgh,  to  whom  he  mortified  20  Merks  annually,  to  be  paved 
out  ot  the  Lands  of  Flartjide  and  the  Clints. 

To  this  Lord  Gebrge  fucceeded  George  the  fecond  of  that  Name, 
Son  to  John  M^fietot  Seaton,  who  died  in  his  Father's  Time.  This 
Nobleman  was  a  Perfon  of  great  Learning,  and  was  well  feen  in 
rhilofophy,  Theology,  Mufick  and  the  Mathematicks,  efpecially 
in  Aftrology  and  Mufick,  and  a  great  Lover  of  all  learned  Men, 
but  was  much  addided  to  his  Ple'afures,  having  had  many  natural 
Sons  and  Daughters.  After  his  Marriage  he  went  to  the  Univerfity 
of  St.  Andrews,  where  he  ftudied  for  fome  Years,  and  from  thence 
to  tiie  Univerfity  of  Paris,  where  he  ftudied  likewife  fbr  feveral 
Years  -.As  he  was  gping  to  France,  he  was  taken  by  a  Dunkirk  Pri- 
vateci',  that  robbed  and  fpoiled  him  of  all  that  belonged  to  him; 
for  )vWicU,  upon  his  Return  to  Scotland,  he  bought  a  Shfp  called  the 
Eagle,  whicli  he  caufed  to  be  well  mann'd,  and  maintained. them 
upon  hisown  Lxpcnces  tor  feveral  Years  cruizing  upon  th.e  Coaft  of 
'Dunkirk,  to  the  great  Damage  of  the  Iniiabita'nts,,  and  of  hi<rown 
Lllacc,  being  obliged  to  mortgage  feVeral  of  his  Landj  fdf- that 
Purpofe  He  married  the  Earl  of  Ar^yUs  cldeft  Daughter,  wlro 
bore  to  hini  tluce  Sons,  Gcofge,'\>j\\o{ucCQcdQd  W\m,  Robert,,  ^vha 
died  ^1  OUiccr  in  the  Frtnch  Service  in  the  Gatlle  of  MtUain^-'Viho 

H  h  h  had 


21+  rijeUfeofStr  RICHART)MAITLAND o/Litl.ington,   Vol.  [//. 

f^^"^^  had  two  Sons,  WiUtam^nd  yiUxander;  the  laft  of  which  was  mar" 
^^^"^y^  ried  to  f^tnet  Sinclair  Heretrix  of  Norrig  and  third  of  t^oram  : 
His  third  Son  died  without  IfTue.  He  had  likewife  two  Daughters, 
the  elded  of  which,  Q^argarety  was  married  to  fVillinm  Maitland 
of  Lithington,  and  was  our  Author's  Mother ;  and  rhe  fecond,  Kn- 
tharin,  died  a  Nun  of  the  Sifters  of  the  Sheim  near  Edinburgh  in  the 
78  Year  of  her  Age.  He  builded  the  Place  oiWinton,  and  quartered 
the  Earl  oi' Bhchans  Arms  with  his  own,  as  reprefenting  that  Family 
bv  his  Grand-mother.  He  died  in  the  lOth  Year  of  the  Reign  of 
King  James  IVth,  and  lies  buried  in  the  Qiiire  of  the  Church  of 
Seat  on,  at  the  High  Altar. 

To  him  fucceeded  his  Son  George,  the  Third  of  tiiat  Name  ;  a 
wife  and  valiant  Nobleman,  and  in  great  Efteem  with  King  7ames 
IV.  By  his  wife  and  prudent  Management  he  redeemea  all  the 
Lands  that  liad  been  wadfet  by  his  Father,  and  was  killed  at  the 
Battle  of  Flondony  figbting  for  his  King  and  his  Country  in  the 
Year  1 51 5.  He  married  Jean  Hepburn,  DsiimUter  to  Patrick  Hep- 
burn Earl  of  Bothwell,  who  bore  to  him  three  Sons  and  a  Daughter  : 
The  eldeft  of  his  Sons  George  died  an  Infant ;  the  fecond,  called 
alfo  George,  fucceeded  to  his  Father,  the  third  oArchtbald  died  in 
tiie  1 5th  Year  of  his  Age.  His  Daughter  <i5Wrtr;o«  was  firft  married 
to  Arthur  Mafter  of  JBorthzvick,  to  whom  fhe  had  no  Children  : 
After  his  Death  fhe  married  Hugh  Earl  of  Eglington.  This  Noble- 
man's Corps  was  brought  from  Boudon,  and  buried  befide  his  Father 
in  the  Quire  of  the  Churcli  of  Seaton.  His  Daughter  had  feveral 
Children  to  the  Earl  of  Eglington,  who  were  all  of  them  honou- 
rably married,  and  his  Lady  remained  a  Widow  all  her  Life,  per- 
forming many  noble  Adls  of  Charity,  of  which  our  Author  gives  a 
long  Account. 

George,  the  Fourth  of  that  Name,  was  a  Nobleman  much  given 
to  all  Sorts  of  Recreation,  but  withal  very  frugal  in  his  Expences, 
having  purchafed  feveral  Lands  to  his  Eflate,  and  was,  as  all  his 
Predecelfors  had  been,  firm  and  loyal  to  his  Kin^  and  Country,  for 
which  the  EngUpi  burnt  his  Palace  at  Seaton,  fpoiled  and  plundered 
the  Church,  taking  away  all  the  Bells,  Organs  and  Veftments  be- 
longing to  the  Altar,  in  the  Month  of  May  1 544.  And  the  next 
Year,  upon  the  17th  of  ^w/j  he  died,  and  was  buried  in  the  Abbacy 
of  Ctilrofs  ;  but  after  the  Englijh  were  expelled  the  Country,  he  was 
tranfported  from  Culrojs  to  the  Church  of  Seaton.  He  was  twice 
married,  firft  to  Eliz^abeth  Hay,  Daughter  to  Lord  John  Hay  of 
Tejler,  who  bore  to  him  two  Sons,  and  five  Daughters :  His  eldefl 
Son  George  fucceeded  to  him,  his  fecond  Son  John  married  the 
Heretrix  of  Carrijlon ;  his  eldeft  Daughter  Jean  died  in  the  fecond 
Year  of  her  Age,  the  fecond,  called  Marion,  was  married  to  John 
Earl  of  Monteith,  the  third,  called  Margaret,  was  married  to  the 
La.\Td  of  Rejlalrig,  and  died  without  Children ;  the  fourth,  Beatrix, 
was  married  to  the  eldeft  Son  and  Heir  of  Sir  Walter  Ogihie  of 
VmtagHS,  and  the  fifth,  Helenory  to  Hi*gh  Mafter  of  Sommerwl- 

His 


Vol.  III.  one  of  the  Senators  of  the  College  of  Jt^ftice.  115 

His  fecond  Lady  was  a  French  Woman,    who  came  to  Scotland  ^^f)^ 
with  Queen  e/^ary,  in  the  Station  of  one  of  her  Maids  of  Honour,  ^A/*w 
and  was  called  Marie  Piers,  who  had  two  Sons  to  him,    and  one 
Daughter^    To  this  Nobleman  fucceeded,  as  we  have  faid,  hisSoa 
George,  the  Fifth  of  that  Name ;  he  was  fent  by  his  Father,    when 
younj^,  tO'France,  where  he  had  his  Education;  and  upon  his  Father's 
Deacfi  he  returned  to  Scotland,  and  married  JJobcl  Hamilton,  Daugh- 
ter to  Sir  WtUiam  Hamilton  of  Sanquhar,  one  of  the  Senators  of  the 
College  of  Juftice,  and  Governour  of  the  Caftle  of  £<^/»^«r^/;,  and 
of  Katharin  Kennedy,  Daughter  to  the  Earl  of  Cajjils,  in  tlie  Year 
1557.     He  was  one  of  the  Ambaffadors  fent  over  to  France  by  the 
Eftates  of  Parliament,    to  negotiate  the  Marriage  betwixt  Queen 
lidary  and  the  Dauphin  of  France,  which  was  agreed  to,  and  perfot- 
med  in  the  Church  of  Notre-Dame  at  Parts,    upon  the  14th  of 
^pril  1 558  :    And  for  his  good  Service  done  in  this  Negotiation, 
the  King  of  France  made  him  one  of  the  Gentlemen  of  his  Bed- 
chamber, with  a  yearly  Penfion  of  ZOO  Franks,  and  gave  him  a  rich 
Prefent  of  Silver-Plate :  All  which  is  inftruded  by  the  Writs  of  tiie 
Family,  ftill  extant  in  the  Cuftody  of  the  prefent  Earl.     After  tiiis 
he  returned  to  Scotland,  and  lived  privately  at  his  Palace  of  Seaton 
till  the  Year  1 560,  tliat  the  Engltfj  entred  the  Country  with  an  Army 
of  2000  Horfe  and  6000  Foot,  upon  which  he  retired  to  the  Queen's 
Army  at  Letth,    and  tlie  Englip)  burnt  his  Palace  of  Seaton.     The 
Lords  of  the  Congregation  having  rifen  in  Rebellion  againft  Queen 
Mary,    and  imprifoned  her  in  the  Caftle  of  Lochlevin,    he  joined 
with  fuch  of  the  Nobility  as  declared  themfelves  for  the  Queen  at 
Hamilton,  and  her  Ma)efty  putting  an  entire  Truft  in  him,  not  only 
upon  the  Account  of  his  Family,  which  had  never  been  ftain'd  witli 
Rebellion,    but  upon  his  own  perfonal  Merit,    fhe  acquainted  and 
intruded  him  with  her  Defign  of  makin^her  Efcape  from  Lochlevin^ 
which  he  faithfully  and  fuccefsfully  performed  upon  the  fecond  Da;^ 
of  c^ay  1 5d8.     He  was  taken  Prifoner  at  the  Battle  of  Langfide, 
where  he  was  one  of  the  Commanders  of  die  left  Wing  of  the  Queen's 
Army :  Not  long  after  this  he  was  fet  at  Liberty,  and  the  King  of 
Spain  having  ordered  the  Duke  DAha  to  fupply  the  Queen's  Friends 
againfl:  the  Rebels,  and  he  having  accordingly  fent  fome  Money  and 
warlike  Provifions  to  them,    this  Nobleman  was  fent  Ambaflador 
from  the  Queen,    with  the  Confent  of  her  Friends,    to  the  Duke 
VAlva,  to  return  her  Majefty's  Thanks  and  theirs,  and  to  tr^-  what 
further  could  be  done  for  her :  Accordingly  he  went  over  to  Flanders 
in  the  Year  1 570,  and  was  very  civily  and  and  kindly  received  by 
the  Duke,    notwithlhnding  that  he  was  naturally  of  a  fullen  and 
morofe  Temper;  and  having  by  his  dexterous  Management  gained 
the  Duke's  Favour,  he  told  him  (a),  That  he  had  a  Projed,  which 
if  he  would  concur  and  aflift  him  in,  would  not  only  be  a  confide- 
rable  Piece  of  Service  done  to  the  King  of  Spam  his  Mafter,  but  to 
his  Royal  and  diftreflcd  Miftris  Queen  Mary,  and  that  was,  that  hei 

H  U  h  1  fliould 


t*;  Ut  C»«wf.  Mtm,  V'l-  1J4. 


Zl6  The  Life  of  Sir  RICH  AKD  M  A  ITL  A  NDo/Lithington,  Vol.  /If- 

r^^^^-^    flioLilJ  alllll;  Iiim  with  Money,    to  gain  over  to  his  Service  all  the 
^■^    Scots  that  were  in  tlic  Service  of  the  Dutch,  which  he  would  iinclcr- 
takc  to  do,  liaving  the  Chara(fter  of  reprcfenting  IiisKoyal  Miflris, 
and  that  he  would  fiimmon  them  to  (ervc  him  upon  their  Allegi- 
ance, and  fuch  of  them  as  would  not  yield  in  Loyalty,    he  would 
endeavour  to  gain  by  Money  ;  and  all  that  he  required  of  him  for 
this  Piece  of  Service,  was,  that  Ten  thdufand  Men  Ihould  be  Tent  to 
Scotland  for  the  Qiieen's  Service.     The  Duke  was  very  well  pleafed 
with  the  Propolal,  and  acquainted  his  Mafter  the  K'mgo^  Spain  of 
it,  as  a  Matter  of  great  Import  for  putting  an  End  to  the  Wars  of 
the  ISlethcrlands ;    but  becaufe  the  Duke  could  not  fpare  fo  many 
A!en  at  that  Time,  he  was  willing  to  advance'  him  Money  for  pay- 
iil"  Ten  thouiand  Men  for  half  a  Year.     This  being  agreed  betwixt 
them,  my  Lord^ViT/ow  went  ftrcight  to  Holland,  and  by  his  prudent 
and  wife  Manac!;ement,  was  juft  upon  the  Point  of  efrecfbuaring  his 
Dcfl^n,    when  tiie  States  were  informed  of  it ;  and  being  brought 
before  them,  and  Witnefl'es  called  to  prove  what  was  laid  to  nis 
Charge,  he  told  them  that  he  was  AmbafTador  from  the  Queen  of 
Scotland,  and  that  fuch  Mercenary  Rafcals  as  were  brought  to  witnefs 
af^ainft  him,    ought  not  to  be  fuflained,    and  he  appealed  to  the 
Lord  Confer vator   as  Judge    ordinary    for  his    Queen  :     Upon 
this   they   thrcatned   him  with   the   Rack,    unlefs   he   difcovered 
his  Accomplices ;  but  he  boldly  told  them,  that  they  durfl  not  do 
it,  being  the  AmbalTltdor  of  a  cro\i'ned  Head,  it  being  againfl  the 
Law  of  Nations  to  treat  Perfons  of  his  Character  in  fuch  an  unworthy 
Manner  ;*  and  at  the  fame  Time  the  Scots  Officers  and  Soldiers  fur- 
rounded  the  Houfe,    and  demanded  the  Prifoner,    otherwife  they 
would  go  in  a  Body  and  loin  the  SpaniJI; Genera};  but  if  they  would 
fet  my  Lord  at  Liberty,  tliey  would  continue  faithful  in  their  Service. 
Upon  which  he  was  fet  at  Liberty,  and  the  King  of  Spain  upon  thei 
failure  of  this  Attempt,  could  not  be  prevailed  upon  to  advance  the 
fix  Months  Pay  he  had  promifed,  his  own  Affairs  in  Flanders  leaving 
no  Room  for  his  Affiflance  to  Foreigners.     OurHiflorians  have  re- 
prefented  this  Adtion  as  a  foolifh  Adl,   and  inconfiderate  Attempt, 
and  that  when  he  was  brought  before  the  States,  he  told  them  that 
he  declined  fuch  infamous  Rebels  as  they  were  to  be  his  Judges,  and 
that  when  the  Rack  was  prefented  to  him,  he  did  not  plead  upon  the 
Privilege  of  an  Ambaffador,  but  faid,  that  it  was  a  mere  Mockery, 
and  that  they  durfl  not  proceed  in  earnefl :    But  this  is  altogether 
improbable,  for  had  he  been  fo  foolifh  as  they  reprefent  him,  it  is 
not  to  be  thought  that  ever  he  would  have  been  employed  in  any 
publick  Negotiations  afterwards ;  whereas  by  an  authentick  Extracft 
of  a  Licence  to  him  and  his  Son,  in  the  prefent  Earl  of  Wtntoris 
Cuflody,  under  the  Hand  of  a  publick  Notar,  ¥.\n^  James  Yl.  that 
excellent  and  wife  Prince,  grants  the  Liberty  to  this  Lord  George, 
and  his  Son  Alexander  Lord  Commendator  of  Plufcardin  to  g,o  to 
France,  or  other  Parts  beyond  Seas,  and  there  to  remain  for  /even 
Years  if  they  thought  fit  upon  the  King's  Affairs  i  and  his  Aiajefty 

takes 


Vol.  Ill  om  of  the  Senators  of  the  College  of  fuflice.  iij 

takes  his  Lands,  Vaflkls,  Tenants,  and  othets  belontlins  untoliimTy^ 
iindet  his  Protecliion,  and  dilchargcs  all  Anions  Criminal  or  Civil  ^-'V^ 
ugai.ift  thcni,  raifed  or  to  be  raifed  during  their  Abfence  :  And  this 
is  given  under  the  King's  Hand  at  Stirling  upon  the  Z9th  Day  of 
Oifol;er  1 585.  And  accordingly  he  went  in  Quality  of  Anibaltador 
to  Henry  III  King  of  France,  and  performed  what  was  committed 
to  his  Charge,  to  the  Satisfaction  of  both  the  Kings ;  and  leturninz 
to  his  own  Country,  died  in  great  Honour  and  Reputation  in  the 
Year  1 585.  He  had  by  his  Lady  four  Sons  and  one  Daughter ;  his 
eldeft  Son  Rohrt  who  fucceeded  to  him,  was  created  Earl  oiWinton 
by  King  James  VI.  His  fecond  Son  Sir  "John  Seaton  of  Barns  was 
one  of  the  Lords  of  his  Majefty's  Privy  Council,  and  Lord  High 
Treafurer  oi Scotland.  His  third  Son.  jllexander  Larl  of  Dumferm- 
ling,  and  Chancellor  of  Scotland,  we  fhall  have  Occafion  to  give  an 
Account  of  afterwards  :  And  his  fourth  Son  Sir  William  was  Sheriff 
of  Lothian,  and  Warden  of  the  Scots  and  Englifh  Borders.  His 
Daughter  Margaret  was  married  to  Lord  Claud  Hamilton,  Son  to 
tlie  Duke  of  Chatelherault,  and  Mother  to  fames,  the  firft  Lord 
cAhercorn.  Our  Author  ends  his  Hiftory  of  this  noble  Family  with 
the  Account  of  this  Lord  Seaton ;  to  whicii  I  fhall  only  add,  that  he 
builded  the  Palace  of  Seaton  more  magnificent  than  ever  it  had  been 
before,  after  it  had  been  thrice  burnt  by  the  Engli/h,  and  that  he 
lies  buried  in  the  Church  of  Seaton,  under  a  Marble  Tomb,  on 
wiiich  is  engraven  the  following  Epitaph,  wrote  by  his  Son  the 
Chancellor- 

D.    O.     M. 

AD  auf1:rale  facelli  hujus  Latus  condita  funt  corpora  Georgii 
Setonii,    &   IJabelU    Hamiltonia,    nobiliflimarum  &  asterna 
Mcmoria  ditzniilimarum  animarum  domicilia. 

Georgiris  hoc  nomine  quintus  Setonii  Dommws  &  Familiar  princeps 
Latifundia  6c  rem  a  majonbus  traditam,  difficillimis  Reipublicx  rem- 
poribus,  honorifice  tenuit  &  ampliavit,  facobo  quinto  regnante  natus, 
Adolefcens  cum  in  Galiis  ageret  patre  optimo  oibatus,  ad  fuos 
rcverfus  brevi  poft  regni  ordinum  decreto  eodem  remittitur,  ubique 
unus  legatorum  Mari&  Rcginx  &  Francijci  Francis  Delphini :  nuptias 
&  antiqua  Gallorum  Scotorumque  fxdera  fancivit,  firmavitque,  Do- 
mum  regrelfus  religionis  &  facrorum  Innovatione  bcllis  tum  exter- 
nis  tum  civilibus  flagrantem  patriam  invenit,  cum  in  Scotia,  An^lus^ 
Gallufojuc,  Gcrmnnus  &  Hifpanus,  Scoti  etiam  inter  fe  dimicarent.  i^des 
(iias  bis  tcrve  ahyinglis  incenfiis  &  funditusdcletas,  devaflatis  etiam 
pr.cdiis  omnibus,  in  ampliorem  denuo  fplendidiorcmque  formam 
reflituit,  in  omnem  forcunam  liber  femper  &  intrepidus,  trucidato 
apcrditifliiuis  hominibus  Regc,  ada  in  cxilium  Regma,  a  principum 
j)arcibus,ma)()rum  more,  Temper  conftans  (Ictir,  flvpc  in  cxilium adus, 
&c  bonis  omnibus  cxutus,  cjuTmodi  calamitates,  Hdei  iri  patriam&: 
veros  principes  teftes  forti  anihio  non  modo  tulit  fed  fprevit  & 
fupciuvJc.     Tandem  ab  Jacobo  fcxco,  cujus  aufpiciis,  prudcntia  6c 

I  i  i  con- 


21 8  97jg  Life  of  Sir  RICHARDMAITLAND  o/Lidiington,  Vol.  ///. 

/»v^>  ronfiliis  Scotta  procellis  omnibus  &  difficultatibus  libcrara,  fplcn- 
t%,^  dori  fiio  rcfticuta  eft,  ipfe  ctiam  honorificc  pro  meritis  acccptiis  6c 
habitus,  majorum  ("uorum  locum  &;  dionitatem  terniit,  primurquc 
ab  CO  ad  Henr.  III.  Galliarum  Rcgem  Icgatus  cum  aniplininiis  ad 
tbrmandam  amicitiam  mandatis  mittitur,  quo  in  muncrc  cum  gra- 
tam  acccptamquc  utriquc  principum  operam  navarct,  Icthalem  ipfl 
mortem  aiueadtx  vitx  labores  adfcrunt,  in  patriam  redit,  intra  men- 
fem  ad  fuperos  migrat  VI.  Id.  Jan.  Ann.  Dom.  MDLXXXV.  a-tat. 

tircitcr  LV. 

Domina  IJalella  Hamiltonia  NobililTimis  parent'bus  nata,  Patrc 
Nimirum  D.  WiUielmo  de  Sanc^nhar,  cquite  &  matre  Catharina 
Kennedie  CafjilijjtA  comitis  filia,  ipfa  Forma,  moribus,  omnibufquc 
turn  animi  turn  corporis  dotibus  inlignis,  &  inter  a;quales  pra:ftan.s, 
Ceorgium  luinc  Setonii  Dominum  maritum  nada,  in  adverfis  illi 
omnibus  ad)umento  &c  fclatio,  in  profperis  ornamento  fuit ;  conjugi 
charillimo  viginti  duos  annos  Tuperftes,  cum  communibus  liberis 
libcraliter  &:  lonjundiflime  vixit,  quicquid  a  marito  fortunarum 
acceperar  cum  natisamanter  communicavit,  eorumqueconatus  om- 
nes,  &:  honefta  ftudia  bonis  fuis  Fovit  &  promovit,  ncc  cxiguos 
pietatis  liujus  &  maternx  charitatis  frudlus  vivens  percepit  liberorum 
muncribus  dignitatibus  &:  ornamentis  ipfa  quoque  clarior  &c  illu- 
ftrior  donee  (enio  &  articulorum  doloribus  morbifque  afflida  Deo 
animam  reddidit.  II.  Id.  Novem.  Ann.  Dom.  MDCVl.  Annum 
agens  circiter  LXXV. 

Tarn  Claris  parentibus  orta  eft  hxc  foboles  Robertus  Setonius 
primogcnitus  &  primus  WintoniA  Comes  hoc  titulo  ob  propria  6c 
majorum  merita  a  Jacob  fexto  ornatus- 

Joannes  Eques  eidem  Regi  in  primis  cliarus,  ab  intimis  confiliis, 
quxftura  &  pluribus  muneribus  au(flus,  in  flore  a:tatis  e  vivis  fublatus, 
liberis  tamen  relicftis. 

oAlexander  multis  annis  fenator,  &  ab  intimis  confiliis  turn  prin- 
ceps  Senatus  ab  ipfo  ordine  eledus  demum  a  Rege  prudentiilimo, 
qui  primus  Scottam,  ^ngliamque  in  unum  contulit  dominatum, 
utriufque  Rcgni  confiliorum  particeps,  Fermilodtini  Comes^  6c  Regni 
Scotia  fa(5tus  eft  Cancellarius. 

WiUielmus  Eques,  Louthonia  Vicecomes,  6c  unus  turn  Scotixy  turn 
jingliii  limitum  e  prxfedtis  &  procuratoribus. 

Q^argareta  Filia  Claudio  Hamiltonio  Pajleti  Domino  nupta, 
Jacobi  primi  Abercornii  mater,  totiufque  illius  profapix  fratrum 
Tbrorumque  didli  comitis  foecunda  parens. 

Hxc  pofteri  norint,  6c  tanti  viri,  fpedataeque  adeo  fccmince  me- 
moriam  colant,  virtutes  ajmulentur  bonis  moribus. 

Alagnorum  virorum  memoria  non  minus  utilis  eft  quam  pracfentia] 

A.  S.  F.  C  F.  F.  A.  S.      MDCX. 

Mr.  Forbes  in  his  Preface  to  his  Colle(5lions  of  the  Decifions  9f 
the  Lords  of  theSeflion  tells  us,  that  there  is  ftillin  MS.  a  Collcifbion 
of  their  DecifioDS  made  by  our  Author,  trom  the  1 5th  of  Pecember 

1550, 


Vol.  111.  one  of  the  Senators  of  the  College  of  Jufitce.  no 

1 550,  till  the  30th  of  July  i  '^6')  :  And  the  BiHiop  of  Carltjle  gives  ^^ 
us  an  Account  of  a  large  Volume  of"  Poems  wrote  oy  him  ;  wherein 


586. 


fome  of  the  moft  remarkable  Revolutions  towards  theEn(3  of  Qiiccn 
M.irys  Reign  are  paHionately  confldered  and  refleded  oil,  and  tlie 
JVliferies  of  the  Civil  War,  which  brought  in  the  /rcw/7  on  the  one 
Side,  and  the  Englijh  on  tile  other  Side,  are  recorded  in  a  very 
lamentable  Manner,  fhowing  how  fatal  the  prevailing  of  the  Auxi- 
liaries on  either  Side  may  probably  prove  to  the  Liberties  of  Scot- 
land; here  is  likewife  a  frank  Admonition  to  the  Earl  o(  Mar,  upon 
his  being  advanced  to  the  Regency,  wherein  the  great  Wifdom  and 
Loyalty  of  his  Anceftors  are  recommended  to  his  Imitation,  and 
fucli  a  vertuous  Condud  propofed,  as  the  noble  Poet  thinks  nioft 
becoming  fo  high  a  Station  j  but  he  particularly  difluades  him  from 
calling  in  the  Englijh  upon  any  Occafion  whatfomever,  and  lays 
before  him  the  ancient  Behaviour  of  their  Saxon  PredecefTors,  who 
vanquifhed  and  enflaved  thofe  Britons  who  had  craved  their  AfTI- 
ftance.  In  this  Collection  there  are  three  Poems  on  the  Cafe  of  the 
Earl  of  Northumberhmd,  who  had  fled  into  Scotland  for  Sanduary, 
but  was  delivered  back  upon  mercenary  Terms.  The  firfl:  of  tliefe 
Poems  is  called,  oAn  Exclamation  made  in  England,  upon  the  Deli- 
njerance  of  the  f^r/o/'Nortliumberland  furth  of  Lochlevin,  ciuhd 
immediately  thereafter  was  execute  in  York :  In  which  are  a  great 
many  fevere  Things  faid  on  the  Treachery  of  that  Management. 
The  fecond  Poem  is  a  Sort  of  a  Reply  to  the  foregoing,  and  is  in- 
tituled, Tloe  ydnfwer  to  the  Englifh  Ballad^  tho'  it  is  only  a  general 
Vindication  of  the  Nation  againft  the  Villainy  of  a  few  mercenary 
Lords.  The  third  is  a  further  Satyr  againft  tliofe  mercenary  Lords, 
who  were  concerned  in  that  fcandalous  Fa(5f:,  unworthy  in  it  felf, 
and  contrary  to  the  Pradice  and  Generofity  of  their  Anceftors,  who 
as  he  fays,  Always  affed  honourably  on  the  like  Occafions,  as  might 
he  inflamed  in  the  Cafes  of  many  great  Lords,  T>ukes  and  KtngSy 
who  in  their  Diftrefs  fled  to  Scotland  for  their  Refuge,  and  were 
prote£{ed. 

Qjfhofe  Luc  was  gude  they  came  not  at  Lochlevin.     This  excellent   hu  D»tk 
Perfbn  died  upon  the  firft  of  April  1 58(5,    much  lamented  by  all  '^^  " 
that  knew  him  ;  being  a  Man  of  an  excellent  Temper,  great  Lear- 
nine,  a  loyal  Subjed  to  his  Princefs  and  Country,  a  good  Lawyer 
and  Poet,  and  well  Teen  in  the  Antiquities  of  our  Nation. 

The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

I.  '^HE  Hiflory  of  the  Family  o/"Winton  MS.  penes  Com.  dt 

u.       Winton,  in  i\to. 

II.  The  "Decifions  of  the  Lords  of  the  Seffionfrom  i$th  0/"  December 

1 550,  tiU  the  30/A  0/ July  1 56$  MS.  in  Btbi.  J.  C  Edin.  in  Folio. 
IIL  Poems  on  jeveral  Stibjeift  MS.  penes,  D.  Sani.  Pepy's  Arniig.  in 
Folto. 

till  THE 


ClM^ 


ZIP Vc.l.   ff/. 

An.    M-:. 

^««•^/^  THE 

LlFEof  Sir  WILLI  AM  MAITLAN7) 
of  Lithi?jgton^  Secretary  to  Queen  Mary, 

HIS  Gentleman   was  el  deft   Son  to   Sir  Richard 

His  Biith,  '^  H  ^  c^aithncl^  of  whom  we  have  given  an  Account: 

"""  After  he  had  finifhcd  the  Courfe  of  his  Studies  in 


t'Z'- 


liis  own  Country  at  the  Univcrfity  of  St.  y^nclreus, 

he  was   fent  by  his  Parents  to  France,    where  he 

ftudied  tlie  Civil  Law,  and  was  much  favoured  by  Queen  a^ary^ 
t^^\ltvX.  then  married  to  the  T>olphin.     At  his  Return  from  France,  he  found 
termet.ts.     ^|^^  Countty  divided  into  Fadlions,  upon  the  Account  of  the  Refor- 
H.join.themation,  and  he  joined  with  the  Qiieen  Recent  againft  the  Refor- 
^■nrbuV  "lei's '  but  in  the  Year  i  559,  when  the  Rebels  befieged  her  at  Letth, 
they  were  upon  the  Point  of  raifing  the  Siege,    had  thev  not  been 
encouraged  by  him,  who  in  the  Night-time  came  out  of  Leith  and 
he  betrays    joined  tlicm  ;  and  at  a  Meeting  of  the  Rebels  at  Stirling  the  fame 
uhofcnd'h'm  "''e*'^'"'  '"^  was  agreed  that  he  and  Robert  Meht I,  Brother  to  the  Laird 
"f  £»%'/"  ^^  R^'th  ftould  be  fent  to  the  Qiieen  of  England  to  reprefent  their 
i'mpb,e"'hcr  Cafe,  and  to  implore  her  Aid  and  Affiftance;  and  he  was  fo  fuccefs- 
ful  in  his  Negotiation,    tliat  he  brought  them  the   joyful  News  of 
her  firm  Love  and  Favour  to  them  and  their  Caufe,  with  a  Promife 
of  a  Supply  of  Men  and  Money  to  them,  according  to  the  Agree- 
ment that  fhould  be  made  betwixt  the  Duke  of  Northfolk.  and  them, 
who  was  ordered  to  meet  tliem  at  Berwick. 

In  the  Beginning  of  the  Year  1 560,  in  a  Meeting  of  the  Rebels 
at  Cozvpar  in  Fife,  tliey  made  Choice  of  him  as  one  of  the  Com- 
Heisfcntby  midloners  to  treat  with  the  Duke  of  Northfolk;  and  having  embar- 
lo'r«t''«Iiii  ked  upon  the  Coaft  of  Fife,  they  came  to  Berwick  about  the  Begin- 
J];^,^",i'°' ning  of  February,    wliere  an  Agreement  was  made  betwixt  Thomas 
Duke  of  Northfolk  Earl  Marifchal  of  England,   and  Lieutenant  to 
the  Queen's  Majefty  in  the  North,  in  Name  and  Behalf  of  the  High 
and  Mighty  Princefs  Eliz^abeth  Queen  of  England  on  the  one  Parr, 
and  the  Prior  of  Sr.  Andrews,  the  Lord  Ruth-ven,  and  the  Mafter  of 
Maxioell,  the  Mafter  of  Lindfay,  young  Lithington,   the  Lairds  of 
Pitarrozu  and  Mr.  Henry  Balnaws  of  Halihill  on  the  other  Part,  in 
Name  and  Behalf  of  the  Noble  and  Mighty  Prince,    James  Duke 
of  Chatelherault,  as  fecond  Perfon  of  the  Realm  of  Scotland,  and 
the  Lords  joined  with  him  :  By  which  it  is  agreed  (a). 
The  Sub-      "  That  tlic  Queen  of  England  fhall   aHift  the  Sects  dgainft  the 
T.Mty"'^'''"  '*  French,    as  long  as  the   Qieen  was  married  to  the  Fi^ench  Kinf^, 
"  and  a  Year  after,'  that  fhe  fhould  immediately  fend  Forces  Avith  all 
♦*  neceflary  Provilions  to  join  the  Forces  of  the  Congregation  for  the 

"  expelling 

(«)  Vid.  Spotf.  Lib.  3.  Pig.  141. 


Vol.  III.  Secretary  to  Qj^een  Mary.  Itl. 

"  expelling  ot  the  French  Forces  out  of  Scotland;  That  her  Majefty  2^^^ 
"  fhould  continue  hdr  Aid  and  Adlftance  ay  and  till  the  French  weie  vS/'%* 
"  expelled  ;    That  what   Forts  were  taken  from  the  French  fhould 
"  either  be  demolifhed,  or  delivered  to  the  Duke  of  Ckitclheraiilty 
"  and  that  the  Englijh  fhall  not  build  any  new  ones  without  their 
"  Advice  and  Conlent  j  Tiiat  they  fhall  provide  her  Majcfty's  Army 
"  and  Fleet  with  Viduals  as  lon^  as  they  remain  in  Scotland;  That 
"  if  the  Realm  of  England (h^W  he  invaded  by  the  French,  they  fhall 
"  alllft  them  at  leafl  with  lOOO  Florfe,    and   2000  Foot  upon  the 
"  Queen  of  England's  Charges ;  but  if  die  Invafion  fhould  oe  upon 
"  the  Nortli  of  England,  it  fhould  be  upon  their  own  Charges,  and 
*'  that  diey  fhould  continue  in  the  Fields  50  Days,  or  Co  much  longer 
"  as  they  are  accuflomed  to  abide  in  the  Fields  for  Defence  of  Scot- 
"  land  ;    That  the  Earl  of  Argjle  Lord  Juftice  of  Scotland  fhould 
"  adid:  her  Majefty  in  reducing  to   her  Obedience  the  North  Parts 
"  of  Ireland,  as  it  fhall  be  agreed  betwixt  the  faid  Earl  and  her  De- 
"  puty  for  the  Time  ;    That  Hoflages  fhould  be  delivered,    being 
"  lawlul  Sons,  Brethren  or  Heirs  of  the  Nobility  and  Barons  oi Scot- 
"  land,  who  fhould  be  exchanged  every  6ch  or  4th  Month  as  Scot- 
"  land  pkafed  :    That  thefe  Articles,    after  the  delivering  of  die 
"  Hoflagfes,  fhould  be  f  ubfcribed  and  fealed  by  the  Duke  of  Chatel- 
"  heratilt,  and  the  Lords  joined  with,  him  in  tlie  Space  of  10  or  30 
"  Days  at  mofl,    and  that  they  fhould   do  all  that  in  them  lay  to. 
f  perfuade  the  refl  of  the  Scots  Nobility  to  join  them  ;  That  the  (aid 
*'  Duke  and  Nobility  did  not  in  the  leafl  withdraw  their  due  Obe- 
"  dience  to  their  Sovereign  and  her  Fiusband,    of  which  certainly 
"  they  themfelves  were  Judges  ".     This  Treaty  bears  Date  at  Ber^ 
zvick  17th  of  February,  and  was  confirmed  by  tneQ.ucen  of  England^ 
and  a  Patent  under  the  Great  Seal  of  England  to  the  Duke  and 
Nobility.     The  Lords  of  the  Congregation  on  the  other  Eland,  did 
ratify  the  fame,  by  their  Subfcriptions  at  the  Camp  before  Leith 
tiie  lOtli  of  cy^^y  following.     And  by  this  A(5lion,    in  which  out 
Author  had  (6  great  a  Hand,  he  involved  his  Country   in  a  mofl 
bloody  War ;  but  upon  the  Queen's  Arrival  in  Scotland,  he  quit  the 
Rebels,    and  was  advanced  by  Queen  o^ary  to  be  her  Secretary,    ^^  ,^  ^^^^ 
who  fent  him  AmbalEador  to  Queen  Eltz^abeth,  to  acquaint  her  of  Anib»(r.dof 
her  fafc  Arrival.     Spotfzvood  tells  us  (a),  That  he  had  Letters  both 
from  the  Queen  and  the  Nobility,  that  the  Queen's  Letter  was  only  AnAccoom 
a  Compliment,  exprefting  the  Love  and  AfFe(5lion  that  fhe  bore  to  b»^!' 
her,  as  her  Sifter  and  neareft  Kinfwoman,  and  theDefire  fhe  had  to 
continue  in  true  and  fincerc  Friendfhip  with  her.     But  in  the  Letter 
from  the  Nobility,    they  told  her,  "  That  the  fureft  Way  to  preferve 
"  Friendfhip  and  true  Amity  amongft  them  two,  was  to  declare  the 
*'  Queen  of  Scotland  her  neareft  and  lawful  Heir  to  the  Crown  of 
"  England  :  This  higiily  offended  Queen  El iz^abeth,  and  when  out 
"  Author  urged  to  know  her  Mind  in  this  Afft.ir,    fhe  told  him,  I 
"  cxpc<fted  another  Sort  of  Meffage  from  your  Queen  than  this  is 

K  k  k  '♦  which 


2  JLZ.       The  Life  of  Sir  WILLIAM  MAlTLANDo/"  I-ichington,     Vol.  Ill 

rx^v-^    u  \vhich  you  Iiavc  brought  mc,  and  do  marvel  that  /he  /hould  forget 
^AI^    «  the  Promifc  made  before  her  coming  out  of  France,  touching  the 
«  Ratification  of  die  Treaty  of  Lfith,  which  was,  that  how  foon  (he 
"  returned  to  lier  own  Country,    fhe  fhould  give  me  a  full  and  re- 
"  (blute  Anrwcr:  I  have  long  enough  fuMercd  my  felf  to  be  abufcd 
"  with  fair  Speeches,  and  now  it  had  been  Time,  if  flie  had  regarded 
"  her  own  Honour,  to  have  made  good  her  Promifes",     To  this 
the  Secretary  replied.    That  within  a  few  Days  after  the  (Queen's 
landinfT,  he  was  employed  in  this  Legation,  and  that  the  (;^ucen  his 
JVliftris  had  not  as  yet  any  Time  to  deliberate  about  the  publiclc 
Affliirs   of  die  State,    being  entirely  taken  up  with  admitting  the 
Noblemen   that  came  to  vifit  her,    and   congratulate  her  happy 
Arrival  in  her  own  Kingdom,  and  fetding  the  Aflairs  of  Religion, 
which  her  Majefty  underftood  to  be  a  Work  of  great  Difficulty  and 
Importance  :  Neither  had  all  the  Noblemen  come  as  yet  to  Court, 
whom  fhe  defl'^ned  to  advife  in  Matters  of  State.     Here  the  Qiiccn 
interrupted  him,  faying,  "  What  need  is  there  of  x\dvice  or  Counfel 
*'  to  do  that  which  by  her  Subfcription  and  Seal   fhe  is  bound  to 
"  perform.     To  this  the  Secretary  anfwered.    That  no  Commifllon 
"  was  <Tiven  to  him  in  that  Matter,    nor  did  die  Queen  his  Miftris 
"  diink  that  any  Account  would  be  required  of  him,    and  that  fhe 
"  could  very  juftly  excufe  her  felf  for  the  Reafons  above-mentioned. 
"  At  lena,th,  falling  upon  the  Affair  of  the  Succeilion,    (he  faid,  I 
"  have  obfeived  that  you  have  often   in  your  Difcourfe  faid,    that 
"  your  Qiieen  is  defcended  of  the  Blood  Royal  of  England,  and  that 
"  I  am  obliged  to  love  her,  as  being  nearefl:  to  me  of  Blood  of  any 
"  other,  which  I  neither  will,   or  can  deny;  neither  have  I  in  any 
"  of  my  A(5tions  ("as  die  World  knoweth)  attempt  any  Thing  againfl: 
"  her  Safety  and  Tranquillity,  or  her  Kingdom  ;  yea  thofe  that  arc 
*'  moft  intimate  with  me  can  witnefs,    that  even  when  I  had  jutl: 
"  Caufe  of  Offence  given  me,  by  her  ufurping  the  Title  and  Arms 
"  oiEndimd  ;  I  could  never  be  induced  to  think,  but  that  this  was 
"  a  politick  Contrivance  of  our  Enemies  to  breed  Dillention  amongfl 
"  us :  But  however  that  be,  I  hope  fo  long  as  I  live,  fhe  (hall  not 
"  bereave  me  of  my  Kingdom,  nor  yet  be  able,    if  God  fliall  blefs 
"me  with  Children,  to  impede  their  Succeflion  :  If  it  fhall  happen 
"  otherwife  that  I  be  taken  away,    fhe  fhall  never  find  that  I  have 
"  prejudged  the  Right  which  fhe  claimeth  to  the  Kingdom  of  En- 
*'  eland  :    What  a  Right  it  is,  I  have  never  been  curious  to  know, 
"  nor  do  I  purpofe  to  f'earch  and  examine  it,  but  will  leave  the  fame 
*'  to  the  Cognition  of  thofe  whom  it  concerneth.     Tliis  youi:  Queen 
"  may  afTuredly  exped  at  my  Hands,  that  I  fhall  never  wrong  her 
"  nor  her  Caufe,  if  it  be  juft,  in  the  leafl  Point,     And  I  take  God 
*'  to  witnefs,  who  hear^th  this  our  Conference,  that  next  to  my  felf, 
*'  I  know  not  any  whom  I  would  prefer  to  her,  or  who  (if  the  Title 
*'  fall  to  be  controverted)  might  exclude  her :  You  know  who  the 
»'  Competitors  are,  but  alas  what  Power  or  Force  iiave  thefe  weak 
♦*  Creatures  to  attempt  fo  great  an  Enterpnze ;    always  the  Matter 


JC 


Vol.  111.  Secretary  to  §lueen  Mary.  225 

*'  it  felf  is  weighty,  and  of  gi^at  Importance,  which  I  will  take  Time  aJT^. 
"  to  think  upon.  v^V*-* 

Some  few  Days  after  this,  fhe  called  for  our  Author,  and  had  a 
fecond  Conference  with  him,  wherein  fhe  told  him,  "  That  it  fcemed 
*'  ftran^e  to  her,  how  the  Nobility  at  the  Queen's  firfl:  coming  fhould 
"  put  iiich  a  Requefl  to  her,  fince  they  knew  that  tiiere  was  no  Re- 
**  paration  made  for  former  Wrongs,  an!  to  defire  tiiat  1  fhould 
«<  G;ratify  dieir  Queen,  having  received  fo  great  an  Injury  without 
"  any  Amends  made  ;  is  it  not  in  EfFe(ft  to  boaft  and  threaten  mc 
"  if  I  take  fuch  a  Courfe  :  I  would  have  them  think  that  I  am  flrcng 
"  enough  for  them  at  home,  and  want  not  Friends  abroad  that  will 
"  maintain  and  defend  my  Rigiit  ".  The  Secretary  told  her.  That 
in  his  firfl  Speech  he  had  clearly  difcovered  the  Intention  of 
tile  Noblemen,  who  partly  out  of  that  Duty  which  they  owed  to 
their  Sovereign,  and  the  Defence  of  her  Hononr,  and  not  of  a  De- 
fire  to  confirm  and  affure  the  Peace  begun  betwixt  the  two  Realms, 
they  had  made  this  Overture  ;  and  that  theReafon  why  they  dealt 
fo  plainly  with  her,  was  not  only  the  Experience  they  had  of  her 
Favour  in  Times  paft,  but  alfo  the  Refpedt  of  their  own  Safety  : 
For  if  any  fhould  oppofe  the  Queen's  Ri.2,ht,  and  thereupon'  Wars 
fhould  arife  betwixt  tlie  two  Kingdoms,  they  mufl  needs  be  driven 
to  hazard  their  Lives  and  Eflates :  Therefore  they  thought  that 
fuch  an  Overture  could  not  have  been  difacreeable  to  her,  feeing  it 
tended  to  the  cutting  off  a  War  that  might  arife  betwixt  the  two 
Nations,  and  of  compofing  Differences  by  a  firm  and  certain  Peace. 
To  this  the  Queen  replied, 

"  'Tis  true,  diat  if  1  had  attempted  any  Thing  to  the  Hurt  of  your 

"  Qiiccn's  Right,  they  might  with  Reafon  have  required  me  to 

"  amend  it  ;  out  when  I  am  yet  in  Health  and  Life,  to  defire  me  to 

"  prepare  mine  own  Winding-fheet,   is  a  Thing  without  Example ; 

"  nor  hath  the  like  ever  been  required  at  the  Hand  of  any  Prince : 

**  Yet  I  take  in  good  Part  the  Meaning  of  your  Lords,  and  am  glad 

"  of  the  good  Affe(5fion  they   bear  to  their  Queen,    and  the  Care 

♦*  they  have  to  advance  her  Honour :  I  think  it  likewife  Wifdom  in 

"  diem  to  forefee  the  Danger  they  may  run  into,  and  like  well  that 

"  they  do  abhor  the  fhedding  of  Chriflian  Blood,  which,  I  confefs, 

"  could  not  be  avoided,  if  any  Fadion  fhould  arife  and  lay  claim 

^  to  tiie  Crown ;  but  where  or  what  is  that  Fadlion,  or  what  Force 

♦'  can  they  have  :  But  leaving  thefe  Things,  fuppofe  I  had  a  Defire 

*'  and  Inclination  to  fatisfie  them,    think  you  that  I  would  rather 

'^  gratify  your  Lords  herein,  than  the  Queen  herfelf  ? .  No,  I  will 

*'  tell  you,  that  I  have  many  other  Rcafons  that  hinder  me  from 

^  taking  fuch  a  Refolution.     Ftrfi.,  I  know  what  a  dangerous  Thing 

•'  it  is  to  touch  tliis  String,  and  I  have  ever,   upon  great  RefpedJi 

«  abflained  from  bringing  in  Queflionthe  Right  of  the  Crown;  fot 

"  fo  often  hath  die  Controverfie  of  Marriage  lawful  and  unlawful, 

«  of  legitinratc  and  bafc  born  Children  been  agitated  according:  as 

"  Mcjis  Afi-c<ilions  and  Hunwrs  led  themi   that  even  in  regard  of 

K  k  k  1  "  thofe 


2 14       Tlje  Life  of  Sir  WILLIAM  MAITLAND  o/Lithint>ton,     Vo).  /J f. 

A^'^^T?    "  thofe  Dift-cptations,    I  have  hitherto  forborn  to  match  with  any 
vrv></    u  Husband.   Once  at  my  Coronation  I  was  married  to  this  Kingdom, 
"  whereof  always  I  carry  this  Ring  for  a  Pledge  (pointing  to  a  Ring 
"  upon  her  Finger)  and  however  Things  go,  I  fhall  be  Queen  oi  Ln- 
'■^  gliind  fo  long  as  I  live,    when  I  am  dead,  let  them  fuccccd  who 
"  have  the  beft  Right  :    If  your  Queen  hath  it,    I  fhall  not  wrong 
"  her  in  the  leaft  Point,    and  if  it  belong  to  another,  it  were  not 
"  reafonable  to  defire  me  to  do  them  an  open  and  manifeft  Wrong : 
"  Jf  tliere  be  any  Law  which  may  bar  her  Title,  it  is  unknown  to  me, 
"  for  I  do  not  willingly  think  of  thefe  Matters;  but  if  there  be  any 
"  fuch  when  I  received  the  Crown,   I  fwore  to  my  People,  that  1 
"  would  not  change  their  Laws.     Now  where  you  fay.  That  by  de- 
"  clariiif^  your  Queen  my  SuccefTor,  our  Affedion  fhould  become 
"  more  lirm  ;  I  ratlier  fear  that  it  fhould  be  the  Seed  of  a  mofl  bitter 
"  Hatred  :  For  think  you  that  I  will  behold  willingly  the  Preparation 
"  -of  my  own  Funerals ;    it  is  natural  to  Princes  to  be  jealous  even 
"  of  the  Clrildren  that  byiBirth-Right  are  tofucceed  them  :  How  did 
"  Charles  VII.  of  France  carry  himfelf  towards  Ijwis  XI.    and  he 
"  again  towards  Charles  VIII.  or  King  Francis  of  late  towards  Hfwry 
"  wlio  fucceeded  him  :  And  is  it  probable  that  I  fhould  be  otherwife 
*'  difpofed  towards  my  Coufin,    if  once  fhe  fhall  be  declared  Heir 
"  unto  my  Crown  .''   No,  be  fure  I  fhall  have  the  fame  very  Mind 
"  wliich  Charles  VII.  fhowed  to  Lewis  XL 

*'  There  is  another  Thing  whicli  I  eftcem  of  an  exceeding  great 
"  Weight,  I  know  the  Inconflancy  of  the  People,  how  they  loth 
"  always  the  prefent  Government,  and  have  their  Eyes  continually 
'*  kt  upon  the  next  SuccefTor  ;  and  naturally  there  are  more  that 
*'  look  Cas  its  faid)  to  the  Sunrifing,  than  to  the  fetting  of  the  Sun, 
"  to  omit  other  Examples,  this  I  know  by  my  own  Experience : 
*'  When  my  Sifter  Queen  Mary  reigned,  how  earneftly  did  a  Num- 
"  ber  wifh  to  fee  me  placed  in  her  Throne  .'*  What  a  Defire  had  they 
"  of  my  Advancement,  if  I  had  but  given  my  Countenance  to  their 
"  Pracflices,  they  would  have  refufed  no  Peril  in  bringing  the  fame 
"  to  effe(5l  ?  Now  it  may  be  that  the  fame  Perfons  are  not  of  the 
"  fame  Mind  towards  me,  as  Children  that  dream  that  Apples  are 
*'  given  them,  are  greatly  joy'd ;  but  in  the  Morning  when  rhey  are 
"  awaked,  and  find  themfelves  deceived  they  fall  a  weeping :  So 
"  they  who  loved  me  exceedingly  when  I  was  but  called  Eliz^abeth, 
"  and  if  perhaps  I  gave  them  any  good  Countenance,  thought  with 
"  themfelves,  how  f bon  I  was  made  Queen,  they  fhould  be  rewarded 
"  rather  according  to  their  own  Conceit  than  any  Service  done  to 
"  me  :  And  now  when  they  find  that  the  IfTue  anfwereth  not  their 
"  Expectation,  fome  of  them  it  may  be  in  Hope  of  a  better  Fortune, 
"  would  not  be  difpleafed  with  a  Change  in  the  Government :  For 
'•  the  greatefl  Wealth  that  ever  any  Prince  had,  or  can  have,  is  not 
"  able  to  fatisfie  the  infatiable  Covetoufnefs  of  Men,  And  if  this 
"  be  our  Cafe,  that  the  AfFedions  of  our  People  are  fo  eafily  chan- 
"  ged,  when  we  keep  a  greater  Moderation  in  our  LargefTes  than 

"  they 


Vol.  III.  Secretary  to  §lueen  Mary.  12,5 

"  tliey  think  we  oiiglu,  or  perhaps  for  fome  other  liglit  Caufe  they  J^lj-^-^ 
"  grow  chfconccnced ;  what  may  we  think  fhall  come  to  pafs  when  ^.^-v«i/ 
"  leciitious  People  have  a  certain  SuccefTor  dcfigned,  to  whom  they 
"  may  open  their  Griefs,  and  betake  thcmfelves,  if  they  be  in  any 
"  Sort  difplcafed  :  In  what  a  Peril,  think  you,  I  fhould  live,  having 
*'  fo  mighty  neighbouring  Princes  to  fucceed  me,  to  whofe  Grandeur 
"  how  much  I  fhall  add  by  confirming  her,  SuccefTor,  fb  much  I  (hall 
"  dctrad:from  mine  own  Security  j  this  Peril  no  Caution  can  affure, 
"  nor  the  Bonds  of  any  Law  avert :    Princes   alfo  who  live  in  Ex- 
"  pcdfation  of  Kingdoms,  do  hardly  contain  themfelves  within  the 
"  Limits  of  Right  and  Reafon,  furely  I  my  felf  would  never  think 
"  my  Eflate  affured,  if  once  mvSucceffor  were  known  to  the  World  '*. 
The  x\mbaffador  finding  that  lie  could  not  prevail  with  lier  at  this 
Time,  not  many  Days  after  had  a  third  Conference  with  her,  and 
defiled  to  know  what   Anfwer  he  fhould    ceturn  to  the  Nobility. 
"  At  this  Time,  fays  fhe,  I  have  no  Anfwer  to  give,  but  that  I  ap- 
"  prove  of  the  Affe(fbion  and  fedulous  Care  they  have  of  their  So- 
"  vereign's  good  Eflate  ;   but  the  Matter  is  of  fuch  Weight,    as  I 
*'  cannot  on  a  fudden,  or  diredtly  anfwer  it.     When  your  Queea 
"  fhall  perform  her  Promife  concerning  the  Treaty  of  Leith,  it  will 
"  be  Time  to  require  a  Proof  of  my  Affedfion  towards  her ".     The 
Ambaflador  refolving  to  put  an  End  to  this  Affair,  told  her,  That 
as  he  had  faid  before,  he  had  no  Commiflion  in  that  Bufinefs,  and 
that  in  the  Matter  of  the  Succeffion  he  had  fhown  more  his  own 
Judgment  than  the  Mind  of  the  Queen  his  Miflris :  For  he  could 
never  think  the  Confirmation  of  the  Treaty  o(  Leith  to  be  a  Thing 
of  that  Importance,  as  for  the  Delay  orRefufalof  that,  the  Queen 
of  Scotland  fhould  be  excluded,  and  all  her  Poflerity  from  the  Suc- 
ceffion  to  the  Crown  of  England.     Neither  will  I  now  enquire  by 
whom  that  Treaty  was  concluded,  at  what  Time,  in  what  Manner, 
by  what  Authority,  and  for  what  Caufe  it  was  done;  for  I  have  no 
Warrant  to  fpeak  of  thofe  Things  :  But  this  I  dare  affirm,  that  al- 
beit the  Queen  my  Miflris,  following  her  Husband's  Diredion,  had 
ratified  the  Treaty,  fhe  fhould  have  found  herfelf  thereby  fofar  in- 
teicflcd,  as  fhe  would,  doubtlefs,   ufed  all  Means  to  free  herfelf  of 
tile  fame :    And  this  I  fay,  not  in  the  Queen's  Name,  but  only  to 
make  it  fcem,    that  our  Noblemen  have  Reafon  to  endeavour  that 
all  Debates  and  Controverfies  may  ceafe,  and  a  firm  and  perpetual 
Peace  may  be  eflablifhed.     At  length  the  Queen,  after  fome  other 
Rcafonings,  gave  her  final  Anfwer,  and  it  was  agreed  betwixt  them. 
That  the  Queen  of  Scotland  after  this  fhould  abftain  from  ufing  the 
Bnqlifh  Arms,  and  from  the  Titles  of  the  Crown  of  England  s^nd 
Ireland  during  the  Life  of  Queen  EHz^abeth  and  her  Poflerity,  That 
on  the  other  Part,  the  Queen  of  England  fhould  oblige  herfelf,  and 
the  Cliildrcn  begotten  of  her,    to  do  nothing  in  Prejudice  of  the 
Queen  of  Scotland's  Succeffion. 

After  this  our  Author  returned  to  Scotland^  and  viis  very  fervice- 
able  to  his  Miftris  againfl  the  violent  and  rebellious  Proceedings  of 

L  1  the 


Zl6      The  Life  of  Sir  WILLIAM  MAlTLANDo/ Litliington,     Vol.  f  J f. 

t'^i"^''''^    the  Reformers,    who  ac  that  Time  begun  to  have  Aflemblics  and 

*-^^^^    Meeting';  of  their  own  ;  upon  which  our  Author  Iiaving  called  fonic 

to^'.'Crof  the  principal  Perfons  before  iiim,  told  them,  That  thcfe  Meet 

coV"/nr\  ings  of  theirs  gave  juft  Grounds  to  her  Maiefty  to  fufped  their  J'ro- 

iul'Is!*^"ceeding3,  fincc  Subjects  ought  not  to  hold  Aflcmblies  or  Meetings 

without  the  Knowledge  and  Permifllon  of  their  Prince.     To  which 

they  replied  (rt),    That  fhc  underftood  that  there  was  a  Rcformecl 

Kirk  within  this  Realm,  and  they  had  their  Orders  and  appointed 

Times  for  meeting.     It  is  true,  fays  our  Author,  the  Queen  knows 

diat  well  enough ;  but  the  Queflion  is.  Whether  fuch  Conventions 

be  by  the  Qiiecn's  PermifTion  or  Allowance  :    If  the  Liberty  of  the 

Kirlc,  fay  they,  fliould  depend  on  the  Qiieen's  Allowance  or  Difal- 

lowance,  we  are  afliired  we  fhall  be  deprived  not  only   of  AMcm- 

blics,  but  alfo  of  the  publick  Preaching  of  the  Gofpel. 

He  oppofc.      The  Secretary  endeavoured  to  convince  them  that  tiicir  Fears  and 

D'rcipUe."^  Jealoufies  of  theQii'-'en  were  groundlefs;  but  nothing  could  prevail 

i"oanW  with  them.     Not  long  after  this,  he  had  another  Dif  pure  concerning 

rff.fting       jj^gjf  i3Qok  of  Difcipline,  which  they  would  needs  have  the  Queen 

ratifie  ;  and  in  their  General  AlTcmbly  in  the  Year  i  $6i\,  he  had  a 

long  Difputc  with  Mr.  Knox  concerning  the  Do(ftrine  of  Non-Refi- 

ftance  :  And  as  Mr.  Calderwood  informs  us,  when  he  urged  from  the 

VVritin"s  of  Luther,  Melanchton,  Bitcer,  Mufculus  and  Calvin,  the 

Lawfulnefs  and  Dutyof  PaHive-ObedienceandSubminion  to  fuperior 

Powers,  Mr.  Knox  told  him.  That  the  Citations  that  he  brought  from 

Luther\nd  c^eUnchton  were  to  be  underftood  of  the  Anabaptifts, 

who  denyed  any  Sort  of  Subjedion  of  Chriftians  to  Magiftrates,  and 

the  reft  fpoke  only  of  Chriftians  fubjecft  to  Tyrants  and  Infidels  that 

werefo  oppreftedand  difperfed,  that  they  had  not  afufficient  Power 

to  oppofe  them ;   but   a  People  affembled   together  in  one  Body 

of  a  Common-Wealth,  to  whom  God  had  given  a  fufficient  Power, 

they  were  obliged  and  ought  to  refift  when   Princes  were  in   the 

wrong,    and  this  he  likewife  applied  to  the  Cafe  of  tlie  primitive 

Chriftians,  notwithftanding  of  the  exprefs  Teftimony  of  Tertnlltan 

to  the  contrary, 

In  the  Year  1564,  the  Earl  of  a^urray  nnd  he  were  appointed 
"Voir""'  by  the  Queen  to  fatisfie  Queen  EltZjalfeth's  Con-miftioners,  the  Earl 
h«M"'4.  of  Bedford,  and  Sir  Thomas  Randolph,  of  the  Reafonablenefs  of  her 
Ll'idpUrW/.  Marriage  with  the  LoidDarnly;    and  having  met  at  Berwick,  the 
Lnglip  CommilTioners  urged  the  Marriage  with  the  Earl  o(  Leicejler^ 
upon  which  they  promifed  that  fhe  ftiould  be  declared  the  adoptive 
Daughter,  Sifter  and  apparent  Heir  of  the  Crown  oi England  by  kO: 
of  Parliament,  and  that  a  conftant  Amity  and  perpetual  Peace  be- 
twixt the  two  Kingdoms  for  ever  fhould  be  agreed  to.     To  this  our 
Author  replied.  That  fuch  a  Match  was  below  the  Dignity  of  a  Queen, 
who  had  in  her  Offer  the  Emperor's  Son  Charles  Duke  o(  oAaJlria, 
the  King  of  Swedland^    the  Prince  of  Conde  and  the  Duke  of 
Ferrara ;  and  likewife  he  thought  it  below  the  Queen  of  England  10^ 

propo(c 


(«)  U(l»ri  Life  of  Queen  M»jy,  P»g.  5«-    Martyr  d'  U  Royne  d"  Efcofle,  Pag.  J<. 


Vol.  III.  Secretary  to  Qj^een  Mary.  127 

propofc  fuch  a  mean  March  to  her  nearefl:  Kinfwoman,  a  new  made  TlfT^^. 
Earl,  and  a  Subjedt  of  England ;    neither  did  the  Earl  of  Bedford  ^-"V^ 
infill  further  upon  it,  he,    as  it  is  faid,    having  Inftrudions   from 
Leiccjler  not  to  ur"e  it,  having  fome  Expedlations  to  gain  Queen 
EliZ;iil^eth  to  liimfelf,  and  fo  their  Conference  broke  up,  and  nothing 
was  done  in  it. 

The  Queen  dcficninii  to  marry  the  Lord  D^r/z/y,  our  Author  was    „  .  , 
fent  Ambaflador  to  Queen  EUz^abeth,  to  acquaint  her  or  the  Queen  s  ^"'^fi'fj 
Refolution,  and  to  fatisfie  Iier  as  to  the  Reafonablenefs  of  the  Match,  to  ic<)...int 
which  that  Princefs  violently  oppofed  ;  and  in  this  Negotiation  he  thrQueen-i 
acquit  himfelf  with  great  Wifdom  and  Prudence,  to  the  entire  Satif-  "'""^•* 
faction  of  the  Queen,  and  the  whole  Nobility. 

In  the  Year  1565,  Dnnjid  Rizjio  being  murdered,  the  Particulars  HeisinDir- 
of  which  we  have  given  in   the   Life  of  the   Lord  Rmhven  ;    the  ^^l"^i"2li 
Secretary  being  fufpedled  to  have  a  Hand  in  this  Murder,  was  turned  H.„d*In  i,- 
out  of  his  Place  :  But  the  Queen  being  convinced  of  hislnnocency,  bui'"rei"' 
he  was  again  made  Secretary  in  the  Year  i  $6^  :  And  the  fame  Year  "•""'• 
we  find  him  one  of  the  CommifTioners  appointed  by  the  Parliament 
to  examine  and  enquire  (a)  into  the  Jurifdi(5lion,    Privilege  and 
Authority  of  the  Church :    When  the  Qiieen  was  imprifoncd  in  . 
Lochlevin,  he  joined  with  the  Lords  of  the  Congregation,  and  be-  "VReb^J'," 
came  fo  great  a  Favorite  of  the  Regent's,  that  at  the  Battle  of  Lang-  nlnrjcft. 
/ide,  he  Avas  one  of  the  Officers  of  his  Army,  and  he  accompanied  },'i',.'i^"''* 
him  to  York,  but    it  was  thought,   that  he  took  him  alongfl  with 
him,  radicr  out  of  Fear  tlian  any  Love  that  he  had  for  him,  know- 
ing that  the  Bent  of  his  Inclinations  was  for  the  Queen,    and  that 
no  Man    Avas   more  capable  of  ferving  her  Friends  in  his  Abfence 
than  he  was ;  and  this  he  found  to  be  true,  for  they  were  no  fooner 
arrived  at  Tork,  but  he  wrote  a  Letter  to  the  Queen,  wherein  he 
told  her,  that  he  had  been  brought  up  by  the  Regent,  contrary  to 
his  Inclination;  but  that  he  hoped  he  might  prove  like  the  Mou(e 
in  the  Fable,    that  did  rid  the  Lion  of  his  Snares,    and  according- 
ly he  did  her  all  the  Services  he  could ;    for  every  Night  he  met 
with  the  Queen's  Commiffioners,    and  not  only  revealed  to  them 
what  he  knew,  but  afliftcd  them  with  his  beft  Advice.     The  Duke  of  H.joiMwith 
Northfolk  finding  this,  having  met  our  Author  one  Day  opportunely  n^«*/V,  °o 
alone  j    after  the  common  Complements  were  over,  he  fell  upon  qI!,^* 
the  Rufinefs  of  Queen  ^Hary,   being  the  only  Subjed  then  talked 
of,  and  told  him  very  frankly  (b)^  That  he  had  ever  efteemed  him 
a  Man  of  good  Senfc,  but  diat  his  Condud  at  prefent  agreed  not 
with  tliat  good  Opinion  he  had  hitherto  intertainedof  hisDifcretion, 
fince  he  thoudit  it  rcafonable  to  accufe  his  Sovereign  criminally, 
and  before  a  foreign  Judicature,  and  by  that  Means  tacitelyconfefTed 
/T/z^/W a  competent  Judge  of  all  A(flions  committed  by  the  Princes 
of  Scotland  within  their  own  Dominions,    that  for  his  Part,  he  did 
not  at  prefent  forcfce  how  they  would  be  able  afterwards  to  anfwer 
for  this  inhumane  Ac%    fince  by  bringing  the  Mother's  Honefly 

L  I  I  1  publicklj 


2l8     The  Life  of  Sir  WILLIAM  MAITLAND  o/Lithington,     Vol.  IJL 

"H^^^)^     publickly  in  Qiicftion,  they  manifeftly  endangered  the  Title  of  the 
"^^^/"^    Son  to  the  Engltjh  Crown.     This  Dikourfc  highly  pleafed  the  Se- 
cretary, who,  as  we  have  faid,   ftrenuoufly  o\)^o\cS  Mnrray\  Pro- 
ceeding's againft  the  Queen  ,  and  he  told  tne  Duke,  that  the  Regent 
being  (lirrounded  with  a  Company  of  Sycophants,  Slaves  to  Avarice 
and  to  England^  he  had  in  vain  endeavoured  todilfuade  him  from 
his  fcandalous  Undertaking,  having  waited  upon  him  thither  only 
in  Hopes  to  prevail  upon  him  to  defift,  and  not  to  ferve  him  in  the 
De(i<^n  ;  and  therefore  begged  his  Grace  not  to  believe  him  (whom 
he  had  once  honoured  with  a  Place  in  his  Efleem)  rafhly  guilty  of 
a  Crime,  which  he  had  not  only  abhorred  himfelf,  but  faithfully 
endeavoured  to  retorm  in  others.     The  Duke,  after  a  very  generous 
Reply,  askedhimif  the  Regent  was  at  the  Bottom,  a  Man  ofHonour, 
and  if  he  tliought  him  fit  to  be  trufted  with  a  Secret  of  Importance  ? 
Our  Author  alluring  him  of   the  Regent's  Honour,    Wifdom  and 
fidelity,    the  Duke  told  him,  he  would  then  try  him  to  Morrow  : 
And  the  Secretary  having   got  them  together,    the  Duke  dilfuaded 
the  Regent  to  infift  any  further  againfl  his  Queen,  and  if  the  Regent 
had  been  faithful  to  his  Word  and  Honour,  he  had  in  all  Probabi- 
lity relieved,  by  the  Alfiftance  of  the  Duke,    the  Queen  from  her 
Imprifonment ;  but  by  his  treacherous  Villainy  he  brought  the  Duke 
to  the   Scaffold,  as  we  have  Ihown  in  the  Lite  of  Bifhop  Lejlie,  in 
the  fecond  Volume  of  tiiis  Work. 

The  Regent  had  no  fooner  refolved  to  betray  the  Duke  of  North- 
folk,  but  he  relblved  at  the  fame  Time  to  make  a  Sacrifice  of  the 
Secretary ;    and  a  very  fit  Occafion  offered  at  that  Time,    for  the 
Lord  Bold  having  brought  Letters  from  both    the  Queens  to  the 
Regent,  and  from  Sir  Nicholas  Throgmorton  to  the  Regent,  and  the 
Secretary  giving  an  Account  of  the  Progrefs  that  had  been  made  in 
the  defigned  Marriage  betwixt  Queen  JWirrj  and  the  Duke  o(  North- 
folk  advifing  the  Regent  with  all  fpeed  to   fend  the  Secretary  to 
them,  as  the  wifefl  and  fitteft  Man  he  could  choife  (a)  for  managing 
the  Affair  upon  the  Queen's  Side  :  The  Regent  defigning  to  make 
ufe  of  thofe  Letters  for  impeaching  the  Secretary  for  confpiring 
with  the  Duke  of  Northfolky  to  effedl  the  Reftauration  of  the  bani- 
fhed  Queen,    he  endeavoured  to  have  got  him  fecured  ;    but  the 
Secretary  being  no  Stranger  to  his  Pradices  and  Refolutions,  kept 
himfelf  out  of  his  Reach,  and  lived  moftly  in  the  North,  and  rarely 
went  abroad,  but  when  his  Friends  were  about  him  :    At  length  a 
Rumour  being  fpread,  That  Northfolk  had  made  his  Efcape  out  of 
the  Tower  of  London  (b),  That  his  Friends  had  (et  Queen  (^ary 
at  Liberty,  and  that  they  were  preparing  with  a  mighty  Army  to  in- 
vade Scotland.     This  Rumour  made  the  Regent  fo  uneafie,  who  had 
become  a  Burden  to  himfelf  with  his  Jealoufies  and  Fears,  that  he 
immediately  wrote  to  all  the  Nobility  in  whom  he  mofl  confided, 
to  meet  him  at  Stirling,  to  give  their  Advice  and  Concurrence  in 
fuch  an  extraordinary  Jundlure,  and  amongft  the  reft,  he  wrote  to 

his 

(«)  ViJ.  Ipolfwoid,  Ub.  J.  Pjg.  230.    (*)  Cr»wfcird"»  Mem.  Pag.  »3J. 


Vol.  III.  Secretary  to  ^een  Mary.  iiO 

his  old  Friend  the  Secretary,  as  putting  an  extraordinary  Confidence  '^f^ 
in  him.  v^^-v 

The  Earls  of  ylthole  and  Crawford,  as  they  were  cominf^  to  this 
grand  Council,  happened  to  meet  with  the  Secretary  at  'DumUain, 
where  tlicy  fpent  a  whole  Day  together  in  Hunting :    The  Recent 
being  informed  of  this  Meeting,    his  Mind  was  immediately  o^er- 
cloucled  with  the  black  Thoughts  of  a  deep  Plot  againfl;  him;    Co 
calling  to  his  Alliftancc  iiis  faithful  Friend  the  Earl  of  Morton,  they 
contrived  a  Counter-Plot,  which  was  to  fubborn  one  to  accufe  the 
Secretary  at  his  firft  fitting  in  Council,  of  having  a  Hand  in  the  King's 
Death  ;   and  accordingly  when  the  Council  met,  juft  as  they  were 
beginning  upon  the  Aftairs  of  the  Publick,  tlie  Door-keeper  informed 
them,  that  a  Gentleman  called  Thomas  Crawford,  who  had  ferved 
rlie  Earl  of  Lenndx,  craved  to  be  inftantly  admitted,  having  Bufinefs 
of  very  great  Importance  to  be  communicated  to  tiieir  Lordrtiips : 
Every  Body  (lave  oyHrtrray  and  ayMorton  who  knew  of  itj  expeded 
mighty  Matters ;  but  they  wereextraordina.rly  furprized  to  find,  that 
when  the  Gentleman  was  called,  he  accufed  the  Secretary  of  being  ^V^^'cL'.' 
Accelfory  to  tiie  Murder  of  the  late  King.     The  Secretary,    who  "^'^X/'of'' 
eafily  fathom'd  the  Contrivance  of  all  the  Council,  Teemed  the  lead:  M',d«^"l,j 
fi.irprized  with  the  Accufiition,    and  rifing  from  his  Chair,  after  a  '•"P"''''™'*- 
long  Harangue,  wherein  he  extolled  the  many  Services  he  had  done 
to  iiis  Country,  he  offered  to  give  immediate  Bail  to  anfwer  accor- 
ding to  Law  for  the  Crime  with  which  he  was   charged:     To  this 
Crawford  replied,  "  That  the  Authors  of  the  Regicide  could  never 
"  be  brought  to  fuffer  an  exemplary  Punifhment,    if  thofe  who  out 
"  of  Zeal  to  the  Royal  Family,    and  Deteftation  of  fo  barbarous  a 
"  Fadl  informed  aganift  them  fhould  be  over-ruled,    and  have  that 
"  Juftice  denied  them,  which  tlie  Law  allowed  :  For  as  he  huftibly 
"  conceived,  my  Lord  Secretary  being  accufecl  of  High  Treafon,  it 
"  was  unprecedented,  and  wholly  new  to  admit  him  to  Bail ;    but 
"  according  to  tlie  common  Cuftom  in  fuch  Cafes,    he  fhould   be 
"  detained  a  clofs  Prifoner,    till  tried  and  condemned  as  guilty,  or 
"  acquitted  as  innocent,  and  the  Informer  rewarded  or  punifhed,  if 
"  he  made  good  the  Ciiarge,    or  was  found  guilty  :    Upon  which 
"  the  Secretary  was  immediately  fent  to  Prifon,  none  of  the  Council 
"  daring  to  plead  for  him".     At  the  fame  Time  he  caufed  imprifoii 
the  Lord  Seaton,    and  Sir  James  Balfour  and  his  Brotlier.     Thefe 
arbitrary  Proceedings  of  the  Regent's  created  him  many  Enemies, 
and  amongfl:  the  reft,  the  Laird  of  Grange  Governor  or  the  Caftle 
of  Edtniurgh,  wlio  came  in  the  Night-time  witli  fome  of  the  moft:  H.iit.ri.. 
refolute  Men  of  iiis  Garrifon,  and  rcfcued  the  Secretary  out  of  tlie  f^„°b °^?l«' 
Prifon  he  was  in,  and  brought  him  to  the  Caftle  :  For  at  firft  he  was  ^'^^^"^ 
committed  Prifoner  to  a  Chamber  in  the  Caftle  of  Stirling,  and  from 
thence  removed  by  a  Troop  of  Horfc    under    the  Command  of 
y^lexander  Hume  of  Northbenuick,  to  a  Lodging  near  the  Caftle 
of  FJiniHrgl),  out  of  wiiich,  as  wc  liave  faid,  he  was  refcued  by  the 
Laird  of  Grange.    Bifhop  Spotfwood  fays  (a),  That  Grange  relieved 

M  m  m  him 


IjO     T/;tfL//fo/'.^/r  WILLIAM  MAlTLANDo/Litliington,     Vol.  Ijf. 

JJ^-'^    him  by  countcilciting  a  Warranc  under  the   Regent's  Hand,    and 
^■"V^    that  the  next  Day  when  the  Regent  demanded  him,  Grange  rcfiifed 
to  deliver  him  up  ;  and  that  the  next  Day  the  Regent  went  to  the 
Cal^le  himfelf,    and  got  Granger  Promile  to  deliver  the  Secretary 
upon  the  Day  appointed  for  his  Trial,  and  tliat  when  tiie  Day  was 
come,  there  was  liich  Multitudes  oi  People  that  met,  that  the  Regent 
was  obliged  to  prorogue  the  Diet  for  four  Months  Time  :  J5ut  wTiat- 
cver  Truth  be  in  this,    it  is  certain,    that  in  the  Beginning  of  tlic 
Year,  after  the  Regent's  Death  (who  was  (hot  by  James  Harmlton 
of  Bothwdkntgh  at  the  Town  of  LinlithgoWy  upon  the  13d  of  Ja- 
nuary 1570)  the  Secretary  was  fet  at  Liberty,  and  upon  the  8th  of 
v^pril  we  find  him  in  a  Meeting  of  the  Queen's  Friends  at  Linlithgow, 
who  had  met  to  draw  up  an  exad  State  ot  the  Affair  of  the  Nation 
for  the  French  King,    from  whom  they  expecfted  AiTidance  ;    and 
fhortly  after  he  was  admitted  into  the  Privy  Council,  and  declared 
Heiitjrnfd  inuoceut  of  all  that  was  laid  to  his  Charge:  But  the  Earl  of  Lennox 
Thrfhy'L  being  declared  Regent,  he  was  turned  out  of  his  Place,  and  Rol/crt 
v.lhTf'Lcl  Pitcairn  Abbot  oiDiimfermling  made  Secretary  in  his  Place. 
"*•  At  this  Time  there  was  a  Treaty  fet  on  Foot  by  the  Queen  of 

England  in  Favours  of  Qrieen  Mary^    and  a  Cedation  of  Arms,  or 
AblUnence,    as  they  called  it,  betwixt  the  two  contending  Parties, 
and  the  Regent  having  during  this  Time  not  only  turned  the  Secre- 
tary out  of  liis  Office,  but  likewife  denounced  him  Rebel.     The  Earl 
of  S^jjex  the  General   of  the  Englip   Forces  challenged  this  as  a 
Breach  of  the  Treaty.     To  which  the  Regent  replied  (rt).  That  the 
J.  Secretary  could  claim  no  Benefit  by  the  Ablbnence,  feeing  he  was 
RMfow'rol  the  King's  Subjecft,  and  ftood  to  the  Defence  of  the  King's  Caufe 
iclgi  'Tz^uxA  both  in  England  and  Scotland,  profefTing  himfelf  as  much  difpleafed 
''"^"""^with  the  Proclamation  of  the  Qtieen's  Authority,  as  any  Man  elfe; 
and  howbeit  of  late  he  had  accompanied  the  contrary  Fa(5f  ion,  yet 
he  never  declined  his  Subjedion  to  the  King ;  That  being  required 
to  attend  his  Office,  he  had  refufed,  whereupon  the  faine  was  juftly 
taken  from  him  :  And  tor  the  Confifcation  complained  of,    if  he 
would  yet  declare  upon  what  Side  he  was,  he  Ihould  be  reafonably 
ufed. 

Upon  this  the  Secretary  was  defired  to  declare  himfelf,  and  Tent 
this  Anfwer  to  the  Earl  of  Snjfex. 

That  he  did  think  it  flrange  that  the  Regent  fliould  enquire  on 

TheStcte-^^hich  Sidc  he  was,  feeing  his  Speeches,  Writings  and  Adions  had 

c"« hinftir declared  the  fame;  but  now  he  would  plainly  profefs  that  he  was 

iit'eeot/     not  of  the  Lord  Regent's  Side,  nor  would  he  acknowledge  him  for 

Regent :   That  he  was  of  that    Side  which    would  perform  their 

Duties  to  the  Queen  of  Scotland,  and  to  her  Son ;    fo  as  neither  of 

them  Ihould  have  Caufe  to  find  Fault  with  him :  That  he  was  of  that 

Side  which  wifhed  to  either  of  them  the  Place  which  in  Reafon  and 

Juftice  they  ought  to  poffefs  ;  and  that  he  was  of  that  Side  which 

requefted  the  Qiecn  of  England  to  enter  into  good  Conditions  with 

the 

\.»)  Vlil.  SpttC  Lib.  ;.  Pig.  244< 


Vol.  III.  Secretary  to  Qjdecn  Mary.  xii 

the  Queen,  whereby  Scotland  might  be  brought  in  an  Union,  and^J^ 
fhe  reftored  to  lier  Liberty  and  Realm.     He  confeOed,  Tiiat  he  did  ^-^'vvl 
nor  allow  ot  the  proclaiming  of  tlie  Queen's  Authority,  nor  of  the 
Parliament  indi(5led  by  thofe  of  her  Parry,  becaufe  he  forefaw  the 
flimc  would  impede  the  Treaty  betwixt  the  two  Qiieens,  and  mic;ht 
do  Hurt  manv  Ways,  and  hinder  the  Good   he  was  about  to  do  ; 
but  that  would  not  infer  an  Allowance  of  their  Doings :  And  diis 
favs  he,  may  give  the  Regent  to  underAand  ot  what  Side  I  am. 

This  being  delivered  to  the  Regent,  in  his  Return  to  the  Earl  of 
Siijjex,  he  told  him.  That  it  was  no  wonder  he  fhould  not  acknow- 
ledge him  for  Regent,  having  deferved  fo  ill  at  his  Hands ;  and 
being  attainted  of  the  foul  and  cruel  Murder  of  his  Son,  the  King's 
Father,  that  his  Declaration  did  not  fatisfie  that  which  was  deman- 
ded ;  for  where  he  made  fhew  to  obferve  a  Duty  to  the  Queen  and 
her  Son,  and  would  have  it  appear  that  he  was  about  the  efFedua- 
ting  great  Matters,  the  Duties  he  had  done  to  either  of  them  were 
well  enough  knpwn  ;  neither  could  any  Man  look  for  any  Good  to 
proceed  from  him  ;  Therefore,  however  he  had  againft  his  Promife 
and  Subfcription  declined  from  the  King's  Party,  he  mud  ftill  be 
fubje(fl  to  anfwer  fuch  Particulars  as  fhould  be  laid  againR  him  in 
the  King's  Name :  And  feeing  it  was  neither  her  Majefly's  Meaning 
that  any  Perfon  guilty  of  the  King's  Murder  fhould  enjoy  Benefit 
by  the  Abflinence,  he  that  was  challenged  thereof  in  the  late  Re- 
gent's Time,  and  had  in  Council  ofFer'd  himfelf  to  the  feveiefl 
Trial  that  could  be  taken,  could  not  complain  of  the  Breach  of 
Abftinence  for  any  Thing  done  or  intended  againft  him  ;  but  that 
neither  this  Particular,  nor  any  other  fhould  be  occafion  to  difTolve 
that  Treaty  begun ;  and  that  he  was  content  the  Notes  of  all  In- 
juries alledged  on  either  Side  fhould  be  delivered  in  Writing  to  tiic 
Earl  of  Su^ex,  and  the  Trial  or  Redrefs  thereof  continued  till  it 
fhould  appear  what  E<fe(5l  the  Treaty  brought  forth. 

Yet  notwithflanding  of  all  thefe  fair  Promifes  during  the  Truce, 
the  Regent  fent  300  Horfe  (a)  to  Hitmilton,  where  they  feized 
upon  the  Duke's  Plate  and  Houfhold  Furniture,  and  fold  them  at 
the  Market-Place  of  Linlithgozv^  and  put  the  Money  in  his  own  Pocket, 
the  like  was  done  to  our  Author,  who  now  had  declared  himfelf 
openly  for  the., Queen. 

The  Civil  Wars  daily  increafing,  and  the  Caflle  of  Edinburgh 
being  obliged  to  furrender  to  xheEngliJh,  in  which  our  Author  was, 
he  was  fent  Prifoncr  to  die  Tolbooth  o(  Leith ;  and  <^[iorton,  the  Heiiakcn 
tlien  Regent,  and  our  Audior's  mortal  Enemy,  having  caufed  the  ^^ro^'kito- 
Captain  to  be  hang'd,  he  noways  doubting  but  to  meet  with  the 
like  Fate;  to  prevent  an  ignominious  Death,  he  took  a  large  Dofe  of 
J'oifon  ;  but  that  not  doing  iiis  Bufinefs  fo  quickly  as  he  expedted, 
the  Regent  caufed  him  to  be  brought  to  Edinburgh,  and  carefully 
attended  (b)  by  Phyficians,  tiiat  he  might  be  brought  to  the  Gal- 
lows ;  but  in  fpitc  of  all  their  Endeavours,  he  died  in  their  Hands 

M  m  m  1  upon 


23 1     The  Life  o/.9/r  WILLIAM  MAITLAND  o/'Lirhington,     Vol.  /[]. 

A^'^,    upon  the  ^i.\  o(  Septeml^er  1575.     ^fotjwood  fays,     That  he    dicfl 
'^'^    at    LcitI)  (liddcnly,    and    was  only    thought    to    have   poifonocl 
liinifcif  :  And  Sir  fames  c^ehil  fays  (a),  That  he  died,  as  it  was 
H.tciuM-  ^^^''^'  ^^^^^  ^'^*^  ^      Roman  Fafhion,    to  prevent  his  coming  to  the 
<■'"•  Shambles  with  the   reft.     But   Dr.  Johnpon  in  his  Hiftory  (b)  fays, 

That  he  had  been  very  long  afflicted  with  the  Gout,  and  be)ng 
quite  exhaufted  and  decayed  in  his  Body,  this  new  Affli(ftion  put 
an  End  to  liis  Days,  and  that  his  Enemies  gave  out  that  he  had 
poifoncd  himfelf.  Thefc  arc  the  various  Accounts  that  our  Hifto- 
rians  i;ive  of  the  Manner  of  this  great  Man's  Death  :  But  all  of 
them  agree.  That  lie  was  a  Man  of  excellent  Learning,  of  deep  In- 
fi^ht  into  State  Affairs,  of  great  Prudence,  but  cunning  and  vari- 
able. Spotfwood  fays  (c),  That  he  was  a  Man  of  deep  Wit,  great 
Experience,  and  one  whofe  Counfels  were  held  in  that  Time  for 
Oracles,  but  variable  and  inconftant,  turning  and  changing  from 
one  Fadlion  to  another,  as  he  thought  it  to  make  for  his  Standing, 
which  did  greatly  diminifh  his  Reputation,  and  ftyl'd  him  at  laft: 
Which  fhould  warn  all  Counfellors  to  dire(5l  their  Courfes  by  the 
Lines  of  Piety  and  true  Wifdom  ;  without  which  the  moft  politick 
Prudence  will  prove  nothing  but  Folly  in  the  End. 

All  the  reft  of  our  Hiftorians  agree  in  this  Characfter  of  him ; 
and  certainly  he  was  a  Man  of  very  great  Parts,  well  verfed  in  all 
the  Parts  of  polite  Learning,  and  in  all  the  Intrigues  of  the  Court, 
and  the  Inclinations  of  the  common  People,  which  rendered  him 
very  popular :  He  was  fingularly  cunning,  bold  and  eloquent,  but 
very  variable,  which  gave  the  Occafion  to  Buchanan  to  write  a  very 
bitter  Satyr  againft  him,  both  in  Profe  and  Verfe,  wherein  he  com- 
pared him  to  the  ChamAion.  No  Man  knew  better  how  to  dif- 
lemble  than  he  did,  an  eminent  Inftance  of  which  he  gave,  when 
cy^orton  his  mortal  Enemy  was  advanced  to  the  Regency,  at  which 
Time  he  wrote  to  him  a  very  eloquent  Letter  (d),  neither  too  ftiff 
nor  too  mean,  but  kept  a  medium  betwixt  the  haughty  and  fubmifllve 
Addrefs  of  one  that  would  purchafe  his  Friendfhip  honeftly,  and 
not  beg  it  meanly,  modeftly  hinting  to  thofe  good  Offices  he  had 
done  him  when  his  Lordfhip  was  in  Difgrace  :  And  when  he  was 
afperfed  with  his  having  a  Hand  in  the  King's  Murder,  he  obtained 
the  following  Teftimonial  of  his  Innocency,  to  vindicate  him  to 
Pofterity. 

WE  underjuhjcribers  con-veened  at  Edinburgh  on  the  Day  of 
February  1 570,  Do  with  one  Voice  declare  and  tejiijiey  That 
none  of  us  know  that  Secretary  Lithington  is  culpable  of  umquhile 
the  Kings  Murder  :  oAndjeeing  no  Perfon  whatfoever  compears  to 
accuj'e  htm  of  the  fame-,  we  muft  efteem  him  to  he  innocently  calum- 
niate^ in  Time  bygone,  in  the  faid  Matter,  tending  to  the  Prejudice 
of  the  Kings  EJlate  and  his  free  Subjects :  And  therefore  acknowledge 
and  recognofce  him  as  an  honefi  Man,    innocent  of  the  faid  Matters^ 

where- 

(«)  M«m.  Pag.  I'.i.     (I)  r»g,    Lib.  J.    (0  Lib.  j.  Pag.  »;».    (<<)  Vid.  Crawf.  Mem,  Pag.  i;3. 


Ao.  4J7». 


Vol.  III.  Secretary  to  §lueen  Mary.  222 

xvhercfore,  heretofore  he  zo^s  ivrt)ngfully  accujed^  accenting  and  receiving 
him  in  his  own  Place  again.  Likeas^  we  acknowledge  him  to  have 
been  a  ^ood  and  proptable  Inflrtiment  in  this  Common-Wcal  in 
divers  great  Cakfes,  for  the  furthering  of  God's  Glory,  and  the  Repoje 
and  Quictncfs  of  this  Country  native.  Signed,  aAthole,  a^orton, 
Cajjihs^  e^ar,  Glencairn,  z^ontrofe,  Buchan,  Ruthven,  Glamis, 
Lovat-,  Ochiltrie.,  Methvin,  Lindfay,  Cathcarty  ^damus  Orcaden. 
Vnrnfermling,  Cambuskenntth,  Dry  burgh,  Balmerinoch,  Pittenwteniy 
^illibardin,  Comptroller,  or  Juftice  Clerk. 

Befides  the  Fragments  of  the  Difputes  that  this  learned  Gentle-  o'fhuwork'i! 
man  had  with  the  Reformers,  and  which  are  inferred  in  Mr.  Knox 
and  Mr.  Caldenuood's  Hifliories,  we  have  flill  extant  in  MS.  of  his 
tlic  followins;  Works. 

A  long  Letter  to  Sir  IViUiam  Cecil.,  Secretary  to  Queen  Eliz,abetfjy 
dated  from  Edinburgh  iOth  yfuguji  1559,  wherein  he  informs  the 
fw^/z/Z)  Secretary  of  the  State  of  the  Nation,  the  great  Progrefs  that 
the  Reformation  had  made  in  Scotland,  the  Fears  and  Jealoufies 
that  they  had  of  the  Qiieen's  oppofing  tliem,  whenever  fhe  fhould 
arrive  from  France ;  and  the  Neceflity  there  was  for  keeping  a  good 
Correfpondcnce  betwixt  England  and  Scotland.  And  laflly,  Con- 
cludes with  a  Proteflation  of  the  Love  and  Efleem  that  he  had  for 
the  Englifh  Nation,  and  how  capable  he  might  be  to  ferve  them  j 
lince  he  knew  that  none  in  Scotland  of  his  Quality  had  fo  great  an 
Ear  with  the  Queen  as  lie  had.  This  Letter  is  to  be  found  in  Mr. 
Cr^iy/WsColle(5tion  of  Papers  tranfcribed  from  the  Cotton  Library, 
and  now  in  the  Lawyers  Library  at  Edinburgh. 

In  tlie  Year  1568,  he  prefented  the  EngUfh  Council  at  Hampton 
Court  with  a  Projecfl  for  reconciling  the  two  contending  Parties ; 
which  was,  That  Qiieen  o^arj  fhould  in  a  Parliament  called  foe 
iliat  End,  confirm  her  Renunciation  of  the  Crown  in  Favours  of  her 
Son,  the  only,    undoubted,  and  lawful  Heir  of  the  Kingdom,  and 
that  he  fhould  be  own'd  by  all  as  King,  and  have  all  the  Privileges 
that  could  be  claimed  by  any  of  his  PredecefTors ;    but  in  regard 
tliat  Queen  Mary   was  crown'd  ii^  her  Cradle,    and   was  Queen 
Dowager  of  France,  fhe  fhould  be  own'd  and  refpecfled  as  a  Queen, 
having  a  fufficicnt  Competency  for  fuflaining  that  Royal  Chara(5lcr: 
And  if  it  fhould  pleafe  God,    that  the  King  fhould  die  before  her, 
and  without  Iffue  of  his  Body,    then  the  Queen  was  to  fucceed  to 
him,  and  the  Children  of  her  Body,  witli  all  the  Privileges  belong- 
ing to  her  Predeceffors.     This  Projedl,   with  the  Advantages  that 
would  attend  it,  is  to  be  found  at  Length  in  the  above-cited  Col- 
Iccftion  in  the  Lawyers  Library 

In  a  long  Letter,  dated  from  Dundee  r4.th  of  November,!  ^dl^ 
to  Secretary  Cecil,  he  re^rates  the  Earl  of  Fluntlys  Rebellion  againfl 
the  Queen,  whom  he  higldy  cfleems  for  her  Vertue,  and  many 
rare  and  extraordinary  Endowments,  as  likcwife  diat  the  EngHfJ 
and  French  had  cntrcd  into  a  War,    and  rcprcfcnts  to  him  what 

N  n  n  indif^ 


Z54  '^^■'^  ^-^fi  ^f  ^'*'  WILLIAM  MAITLANJ:)Q/'J,ithington,  Vol.  Hf. 
r*»^^^  iiKlifpcn(liblc  Obligations  his  Royal  Miftris  lay  under  to  the  French 
ImJvv  Nation,  and  the  only  Way  to  cvitc  a  Rupture  betwixt  the  two 
Nations  of  Scotland  and  EngLvid  in  fuch  a  Jundure,  was  for  the 
Qiiccn  of  ErigLvid  to  declare  his  Qiiecn  her  Heir,  and  very  artfully 
anfwers  all  the  Objedions  that  can  be  fuggeflcd  againft  his  Millris. 
This  Letter  is  in  the  above-cited  Colledtions.     As  likewifc, 

A  Plot  by  our  Author  for  refloring  of  the  (^ucen,  the  Subflance 
of  which  was,  That  by  the  Mediation  of  the  Qiiecn  of  England  all 
Thin'j;s  were  to  be  done  by  a  Council  of  14,  16  or  iz,  aiid  all  in 
the  Names  of  the  King  and  Queen  ot  Scots  ;  and  if  this  Number 
could  not  be  obtained,  that  two  of  every  Party  and  a  Neutral  flioul  J 
bechofen,  and  that  the  fitted:  Man  to  be  cho(cn  as  neutral  was  the 
Larl  of  yltholc  ;  the  Duke  of  Chatelhcnvdn  Family  being  always 
excluded  as  (ufpcc^ed,  and  for  wliich  tiicy  had  tiie  Duke's  Confent ; 
and  if  this  could  not  be  obtained,  that  it  fhould  be  by  Four  of  the 
principal  Nobility,  which  fhould  be  the  Earl  ot  Hnntly,  ^rgyU, 
oAtlmc,  and  the  Regent,  or  Mar  ;  and  that  they  fliould  keep  a 
fecret  Corrcfpondence  with  France,  Avho  had  agreed  to  remit  to 
them  Threefcore  thoufand  Franks  a  Year,  to  be  paid  Quarterly. 
Tliis  is  cntituled,  A  Plot  executorj  dcvijcd  by  Lithington.  There 
are  fevferal  other  Letters  and  Memorials  concerning  State  Aftairs, 
wrote  by  our  Author,  in  the  Cotton  Library  at  London. 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

L  Q^E'veral  Fragments  of  Difpntes  zuith  the  Reformers,  in  Mr. 
O     Knox  and  Mr.  CalderwoodV  Hijiories. 

IL  A  Letter  to  Sir  William  Cecil,  Secretary  to  Qjieen  Elizabeth, 
10//;  Auguft,  1569.  MS.  in  Bib.  J.  C.  Edinburgh. 

IIL  ui  'Device-,  plowing  how  the  young  Prince  may  remain  King, 
and  the  Qjfjscn  not  be  deprived,  prcfented  to  the  Engliih  Council 
at  Hampton  Court,  MS,  in  'Bil-  j.  C.  Edinburgh  1568. 

IV.  .A  Letter  to  Secretary  Cecil  it\th  November  1562,    concerning 

the   War   betwixt  France   and.  England,    MS-  in  'Bib.  J.  C. 
Edinburgh. 

V.  dA  Plot  executory,    devijed  for  rejloring  of  the  ^^een,  2liS.  in 

'Bib.  J.  C  Edinburgh. 

VI.  Several  Letters  and  Memoirs  concerning  State  ./^ffairs^  MS.  in 

Bib.  Cotton.  London. 


THE 


Vol.  III.  ^^ 


THE 

LIFE  of  the  Illuftrious  Princefs  MART, 
Queen  of  Scotland, 


THIS  Illuftrious  Princefs  was  born  in  the  Year  of 
our  Lord  1542,  upon  the  6t\\  Day  oi  December,  h"".?.""' 
in  the  Palace  of  Linlithgow  :  Her  Mother  cMarj  "ol"""' 
of  Lorain,  Daughter  to  the  Duke  of  Guife,  was  a 
Princefs  of  excellent  Accomplifhments,  and  her 
father  King  James  Vth,  one  of  the  greateft  Princes  of  his  Age  : 
She  fucceeded  to  her  Father  in  the  yth  Day  of  her  Age.  Francis  I. 
being  then  King  of  France,  and  Henry  VIII.  King  oi  England,  upon 
the  Death  of  her  Father,  great  DifTentions  aroie  amongft  the  No- 
bility, concerning  the  Regency  of  the  Kingdom  during  her  Mino* 
rity,  and  to  whom  the  Cuftody  of  her  Perfon  ftiould  be  committee^. 
Cardinal  Beaton  Arch-Bi(hop  of  St.  ^Andrews,  the  Earls  of  Hantly^ 
e^rgyle  and  <iy\dtirray  claimed  it,  as  being  devolved  upon  them  by 
the  Kind's  Will,  which  tliey  caufed  proclaim  over  the  Market  Crofs 
of  Edinburgh :  But  t'le  reft  of  tlie  Nobility  having  met,  and  finding 
that  the  King  was  not  in  a  Condition  to  grant  a  Warrant  for  for- 
ming a  Teftament,  it  was  looked  upon  as  a  Forgery,  and  Jamei 
Earl  of  aArran  was  declared  Governour  of  the  Realm  during  tiie 
Queen's  Minority,  as  being  neareft  in  Blood  to  the  Queen,  accor- 
ding to  the  ancient  Laws  of  the  Kingdom. 

About  this  Time  {a\  the  Councilof  Scotland  wrote  a  Letter  to 
King //(.wry  VIII.  o(  England,  dated  the  lift  o(  December,  in  An- 
Twer  to  one  of  his,  requiring  that  the  Murderers  of  one  of  his  He- 
raulds  called  Somerjet,  fhould  be  delivered  up  to  him.  In  Anfwer 
to  which,  they  tell  him,  "  That  before  his  Letter  came  to  their 
"  Hands,,  their  King  was  dead,  who  had  caufed  thefe  Murderers  to 
"  be  imprifoned,  in  order  to  their  Punifhment,  and  that  when  Things 
"  were  fettled  in  tlie  Riglit  of  the  Infant  Queen,  he  ftiould  be  fully 
*'  fatisfied  in  that  Affair ;  but  tliat  for  the  fettling  of  this,  and  all 
"  other  Differences  betwixt  the  two  Realms,  they  defirea  Ceffation 
"  of  Arms  for  five  or  fix  Months,  and  a  Paffport  to  the  Bifhop  of 
*^  Orkney,  fohn  Lord  Er skint,  Adam  Otterburn  o(  Reidhal/,  and 
"  John  Campbell  of  Lundie,  as  their  Ambaffadors  to  him. 

King  Henry  no  fooner  received  their  Letter,  but  he  called  before 
him  at  Hampton  Court,  where  he  tlien  lay,  the  Scots  Prifoners  who 
had  been  taken  at  SoUoway  Mofs,  and  acquainted  them  of  the  Death 
of  their  King,  and  how  loth  he  was  to  involve  tliem  now  in  a  War 
during  the  Minority  of  their  young  Queen,  notwithftanding  all  the 

N  n  n  I  Pro* 

K't  Vid.  Si(  Kiiyii  MUi'i  LcttcK  Mf.  iu  lUc  Uwycri  lAutj  •(  Edloboi  gh. 


z^6  The  Life  of  MAKY,  §luetn  of  Scotland.  Vol.  [[/. 

^^;;;'V^    Provocations  he  had  met  with,  and  that  now  tlicrc  was  a  fair  Opportu- 

w/^/»\J    nity  of  putting  an  End  to  all  their  Animofities,  if  they  would  concur 

with  lum  in  procuring  a  Match  betwixt  their  Queen  and  Edward 

\\\\%<o"!-  Prince  of  Wales  his  Son,  then  about  the  5th  Year  of  his  Age  :    And 

bVtw^xV'h^r  that  for  furthering  fo  good  a  Dehgn,  they  fhould  not  only  be  fet  at 

Jh^niJof  Liberty,  and  have  their  Ranfbnis,    which  were  condefcended  upon 

'*■''"•        (and  are  fliU  upon  Record  in  the  Cotton  Library)  not  cxa(^ted  off 

them,  but  likcwife  Penfions  fettled  upon  them.     Thefe  Noblemen 

and   Gentlemen   went  very  cordially  into  Kuig  //mry's  Propofals, 

and  obliged  tliemfelves  to  do  it,  under  their  Hands  and  Seals  ;  and 

this  their  Oblii^ation  is  dill  extant  in  the  Cotton  Library.     Upon  the 

3d  Day  of  Chrijltnajs  tiiey  were  all  invited  to  Court,  and  fumptu- 

oufly  entertained,  and  then  permitted  to  return  to  their  own  Country 

when  they  pleafed. 

In  the  mean  Time  King  Henry  returned  an  Anfwer  to  the  Letter 
fent  him  by  the  ^roAj  Council  {a),  "  Wherein  he  regrates  the  Death 
"  of  his  Ncplicw  their  King,  and  expreffes  a  deep  Concern  for  the 
*'  Infant  Qiieen,  and  his  earned:  Defire  to  make  ufe  of  this  Oppor- 
*'  tunity  of  uniting  both  Kingdoms,  and  refers  the  opening  of  this 
"  Matter  to  the  Scots  Prifoners,  then  returning  home,  wifhing  that 
*'  they  might  fall  upon  effedual  Meafures  for  that  End  ;  and  com- 
"  municate  the  fame  to  the  Duke  of  Suffolk,  then  his  Lieutenant  in 
*'  the  North,  that  upon  the  Knowledge  thereof,  he  might  grant 
"  fuch  a  Ceflation  as  (hall  be  fequifice  tor  that  Effe(5l ".  This  Letter 
is  direded  to  all  fuch  as  take  upon  them  the  Government  of  Scot- 
land, and  to  all  others,  either  of  the  Nobility  or  Council  there. 

Upon  the  fird:  Day  of  the  next  Year,  the  Scots  Prifoners  begun 
theii'  Journey  from  London,  and  with  them  jirchibald  Earl  of  Angiis^ 
and  Sir  George  Douglafs  his  Brother,  who  had  lived  Exiles  in  En- 
gland 1 5  Years,  and  whom  King  Henry  by  his  Letters  recommended 
ro  tlie  Governor  or  Regent  of  Scotland,  for  which  they  fubfcribed 
under  their  Hands  and  Seals,  not  only  to  promote  the  Match  (/>), 
but  likewife  in  Cafe  of  the  young  Qiieen's  Death,  to  afTift  King 
Henry  to  the  utmoft  of  their  Power  in  the  conquering  of  the  King- 
dom, having  come  to  Darntonn,  they  remained  there  with  the  Duke 
of  Suffolk,  till  they  received  further  Inftrucftions,  and  entred  Hofla- 
ges  tor  their  performing  what  they  had  promifed  and  fubfcribed, 
not  as  the  Duke  told  them  :  the  King  doubted  any  ways  of  their 
Fidelity,  but  to  take  away  all  Sufpicion  of  their  being  for  his  Inte- 
reft  :  In  the  mean  Time,  the  Governour  returns  an  Anfwer  to  the 
King  oi  England  ( c),  dated  the  6th  oi  January,  wherein  he  fays, 
That  none  Jhould  endea'uour  more  to  promote  the  Te ace  and  good  of  the 
Realms  than  he;  and  for  that  End  he  had  fent  RotheCsiy  the  Herauld 
to  obtain  a  Cejjation  of  jtrms  for  fi've  or  fix  Months,  and  a  Pajfport 
for  the  jinibajjadors  to  treat  of  and  conclude  a  longer  Peace".  And 
upon  the  jotii  of  the  fame  Month,  he  writes  another  Letter  to  the 
Duke  of  Suffolk,  much  to  the  fame  Purpofe.     To  this  Letter  of  the 

Cover- 
ed) Via.  Sit  R»lpW  $»<Iler"j  Uttet,  uki fapr*.    (.t)  Dt.  Df»ke,  Hitt.  Scot.  AogL    CO  S'f  Kjlph S*Jlet»  Utter,  "!•■  '"P"; 


Vol.  Ill  The  Ltfe  o/  MARY,  ^een  of  Scotland  7^ 

Governor's,  King  Henry  returns  an  Anfwer,  dated  the  ptli  of  Februan,  ''Y^ 
wherein  he  tells  him,  That  having  a  Very  good  Opinion  andv*i^ 
Confidence  in  his  Wifdom  and  Circumfpedion,  and  trufting  thac 
lie  would  fend  fuch  AmbafTadors  as  would  ask  nothing  but  what  he 
could  in  Honour  condefcend  to  i  He  Jiad  granted  a  CefTation  of 
Arms  for  three  Months,  and  a  fafe  Condudl  for  the  AmbafTadors 
under  his  Seal ;  both  which  he  now  fent  to  him  :  And  by  a  Letter 
of  tiieiyth  o^  February,  the Governour  owns,'  that  he  had  received 
the  Ceflations  and  fate  Condudl,  which  was  proclaimed  in  both 
Kingdoms.  But  by  another  Letter  of  the  Governour's,  to  King 
Henry,  we  find,  that  the  Ambafiadors  could  not  be  fent  till  the  iit^ 
of  Aiarch,  tlie  Matters  with  which  they  were  intrufted  requirinf^  the 
Parliament's  Authority.  ^ 

About  this  Time,  the  Lords,  and  other  Prifontirs  from  England 
arrived  at  Edinburgh,  and  delivered  to  the  Qiieen  Mother  and  the 
Regent,  Letters  from  King  Henry,  wherein  he  exprefles  the  great 
Defirc  he  had  of  fettling  a  perpetual  Peace  betwixt  the  two  King- 
doms, by  a  Marriage  betwixt  the  young  Queen,  and  his  Son  the 
Prince  of  IV^les.  Tlie  Lords  and  the  Governour  bein^  afraid  thac 
the  Cardinal  would  oppofe  this  Match,'  theycommittedliimPrironer 
to  the  Caftle  of  Diilhith,  and  afterwards  tranfported  him  to  his 
Talacc  at  Sr.  Andrews. 

Writs  being  ifllied  out  for  calling  of  a  Parliament,  they  met  and  m.'!it''"«n 
fat  down  upon  the  1 2th  Da^  o(  March,  and  J<7ww  Earl  df  ^rran  Mt^'w.dl' 
having  caufed  all  the  Earls  of  M>r/o«  and  BothweU,  the  Lords  Hume.,  '-V'wT' 
Sinclair,  Herreis  and  Somervel,  with  Alexander  Abbot  of  CamhuC 
kcnneth,  and  they  having  folemnly  made  Oath,    that  the  Earl  tif  . 
Jrran  was  the  neareft  Kinfman  of  the  Blood  Royal  of  Scotland,^  and  or?rr«^'* 
to  the  Infant  Qyeen,  they  declared  him  rightful  Tutor  to  the  Queen  w.''" 
by  an  k€t  of  this  Parliament ';  and  by  a  fecond  Adt  he  was  declared 
Governour  of  the  Realm,  and  to  the  Queen  during  her  Minority; 
aiid  by  athird^  they  declared  him  the  fecond  Perfon  of  the  Kin^^, 
dom,  nex't  Heir  tothe  Qjeen,'  and  failing  of  her,  the  rightful  and 
undoubted  King  of  the  Realm  oi  Scotland'.     Thefi  the  Governouc 
having  communicated  to  them  the  Letters' he  had  deceived  from 
King  Henry,  it  was  agreed  thkt  Ambafladcirs  fltould  be  fent  to  King 
Henry  to  treat  of  the  Marriage,  and  a  Peace  betwixt  the  two  Realms.  Tr^'w^ 
But  wiiihl  tliefe  things  were  in  Agitation,    the  King  of  England  h^nlZ\T 
fent  Sir  Jlalph  Sadler  in  Quality  of  his  Atnbaflador,  with  a  Letter,  {^.jjl^' 
dated  die  i  jth  of  anarch ;  whferein  he  telli  him,  Thdt  he  had  fcht 
this  his  Ambaffadof  to  adjuft  Matters  betwixt  them,  and  defires  him 
to  give  him'  Credit,  and  that  he  had  given  him  full  Inftru(5i:i6n  for 
all  and  every  thing  that  might  relate  to  the  right  fettling  of  Mat- 
ter's betwixt  the  two  Kingdoms.     On  the  other  Hahd,  the  Gdvernoar 
in  a  Letter  to  the  King  of  England,    dated  the  l6th  of  ^^drcfu 
acquaints  him,  that  he  had  delayed  to  return  afiv  Anfwer  in  Rela- 
tion to  his  Sovereign  Lady  the  Infant  Queen,    till  h6  Tiad  advifed 
widj  the  Parliament,  whom  for  that  End  he  had  called  ;  ^  ^d  that 

O  o  o  now 


258  The  Life  0/ MARY,  Qj4(en  0/ Scotland.  Vol.  Iff. 

f^''^^'^  now  with  tlicir  Advice  and  Confcnt  he  had  fent  Sir  Wtl^tArn  Ila- 
sji^v^  miltonoi  Sanc^iihairy  S\i  James  Lermonthoi  Balcomy.,  undMi.  flei'jry 
'Bitlnaves  Secretary  of  State  fully  inftrufted,  as  well  to  conclude 
the  Marriage  betwixt  the  Prince  and  the  Queen,  as  a  lading  Peace 
betwixt  the  two  Realms,  and  defires  him  to  give  theniCrccht.  The 
Ambalfador  had  no  fooner  arrived  at  Edirihurghy  but  he  delivered 
his  Credentials  to  theGovernour,  who  immediately  called  a  Council, 
wiiere  Sir  Ralph  gave  in  his  Comminlon,  and  acquainted  them 
with  his  Matter's  earncfl:  Defirc  of  a  perpetual  Peace  and  Marriai^c 
betwixt  the  Prince  of  Wales  and  the  young  Queen.  To  this  the 
Council  anfwered,  That  they  had  already  inftruded  their  Ambaf- 
fadors  who  were  goiilg  for  England  to  treat  with  the  King  of  England 
upon  that  Subject. 

In  the  mean  Time  the  Englijh  Ambafllidor  had  frequent  Confe- 
rences with  the  Lords  that  had  been  Prifoners  in  England^    and 
preffed  that  the  Inftrudions  given  to  the  Scots  AmbaHadors  might 
not  clafti  with  their  Engagements  to  his   Mafler.     To  this  they  an- 
fwered, That  the  Governour  and  all  the  Nobility  were  finccre  and 
forward  both  for  the  Peace  and  Marriage,  but  as  to  their  putting 
the  Government  into  their  Matter's  Hands,    and  delivering  up  to 
him  the  ttrong  Holds  of  the  Kingdom,    as  it  was  agreed  betwixt 
fhem,  it  was  altogether  impracfticable,  becaufe  they  iiad  been  fo 
long  detained  in  England,  that  before  they  got  home,  the  Earl  of 
(iArran  was  declared  Governour,   and  it  was  not  in  their  Power  to 
undo  k.     And  as  for  their  not  giving  up  the  young  Queen,  as  was 
likewife  agreed  betwixt  them,  it  was  altogether  unnecelfary ;  for  if 
the  Marriage  was  concluded,    which   they  noways  doubted  of,  it 
would  follow  as  a  natural  Confequence  of  it :   Yet  notwithttanding 
of  thefe  their  Anfwers,    Sir  Ralph  in  one  of  his  Letters  to  King 
Henry,  dated  March  27th,  tells  nim,  That  the  Lord  Somervel  was 
of  Opinion  that  he  fhould  fland  fafl  to  his  Tropofal,   sf  having  the 
young  ^lueen  into  his  Hands,  as  foon  as  the  Central  zvas  fgnea,  and 
that  he  wonld  certainly  prevail.     King  Henry,  that  he  might  gain 
the  Governour  entirely  over  to  him,  {ent  his  Ambaflador  new  In- 
ftruifliions,  dated  upon  the  4th  of  oApril,  wherein,  amongtt  other 
Things,  he  orders  him  to  make  a  Propofal  to  the  Governour  of  a 
Marriage  betwixt  his  Daughter  the  Princefs  Eliz,al;eth  (afterwards 
Queen  of  England)  and  the  Governour's  eldett  Son  ;  to  ufe  many 
honourable  Arguments  to  perfuade  nim  to  it,  and  to  fend  his  Son 
to  the  Englif)  Court,  to  be  educated,  and  where  he  fhould  remain 
till  the  Marriage  fliould  be  confummated  :    In  the  mean  Time,  the 
Scots  Ambaffadors  having  delivered  their  Propofals  to  the  King  of 
England;  he  was  noways  fatisfied  with  them,  becaufe  they  did  not 
anfwer  to  the  Agreem.ent  made  betwixt  hirri  and  the  Scots  Lords, 
who  were  Prifoners  at  London,  and  on  whom  he  entirely   relied: 
icingBfwy  Therefore  he  delivered  new  Propofals  to  the  Scots  Ambaffadors, 
roVotu*  which  they  tranfmitted  to  theGovernour:  TheSubttance  of  which 
Mrugc."   were,  "That  the  Queen  fhould  be  delivered  to  him,  to  be  educated 

in 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  0/  MARY,  ^een  of  Scotland.  2^9 

"  in  England  within  two  Years,  and  to  have  Hoftages  delivered  to  ^y^""^ 
"  him  till  this  fhould  be  performed  ;  That  the  Earl  o^  Arran  fhould  CiV^' 
*'  continue  Govcrnour  till  the  Marriage,  but  after  that  there  (hould 
"  be  one  of  his  naming  ;    That  all  the  Garrifons  fhould  be  in  the 
"  Hands  of  Scotfmen,  and  that  the  Scots  fhould  enjoy  their  Liberties, 
"  Privileges,  Laws  and  Cuftoms. 

The  Governour  would  by  no  Means  condefcend  to  the  delivering 
up  of  the  young  Qiieen,  becaufe  of  the  many  bad  Confequences 
that  mighr  follow  upon  it :  But  he  very  generoufly  told  the  Ambaf- 
fador,  that  he  had  no  Regard  ot  his  own  Place,  providing  that  the 
refigning  of  it  fhould  be  for  the  Good  of  his  Sovereign  and  Nation  : 
So  calling  a  Council,  the  King  of  England's  Propofals  were  read  to 
them,  and  they  agreed  to  the  following  Articles. 

That  the  Glmen  fhould  be  delivered  to  the  King  0/ England  xvhen    The  Go-- 
fhe  ivas  ten  Tears  old,  providing  that  before  p^e  went  out  of  the  Realm  pof>iV!bo'^ 
fhe  were  Contr ailed  by  Procurators,  and  that  Pledges  fhould  be  given  ''"'^"''*' 
for  the  Performance  thereof    and  that  there  fhould  be  a  perpetual 
Peace.,  Sec.  during  thefc  Negotiations. 

The  EngUp)  AmbafTador  was  not  wanting  in  the  mean  Time  in  Thep.niio™ 
paying  faithfully  to  the  Engltfh  Lords,  as  they  were  now  called,  the  King  of  t'. 
Penfions  that  were  fettled  upon  them  for  carrying  on  of  this  Match,  fy'ng  o'nVh'i 
amongft  whom  we  find  by  Sir  Ralph  Sadler  s  Letters,  that  the  Earl  **»"»*«". 
of  oAngus  had  200  Pound  Sterling ;    The  Earls  of  Glencairn  and 
Cajjilsy  each  of  ihem  ZOO  Merks  Sterling,    the  Mafler  of  Maxwell 
100  Pound  Sterling,    the  Lord  Grays  Friends  380  Merks  Sterlings 
Sir  George  Douglas  and  his  Friends  lOO  Pounds  Sterling.     And  Sir 
Ralph  in  a  Letter  to  the  Duke  of  Suffolk,  dated  the  loth  of  April 
defires  him  to  fend  the  100  Pound   Sterling,    which  was  payable 
monthly  to  the  Earl, of  <»/^w^«j,    who,  fays  he,    craves  his  Penfion, 
might  be  made  lOO  Pound   a  Month.     And  thefe  Sums,    fays  Sir 
Ralph,  prevailed  fo  far  with  fome  of  them,  that  they  promifed  that 
if  the  Governour  would  not  condefcend  to  the  Articles  propofed 
by  King  Henry ;  That  they  would  condudt  any  Army  that  his  Majcfly 
plcafed  to  fend  from  Carlifle  to  Glafgow,  and  to  fhow  him  the  moft 
iroper  Methods  for  conquering  the  Kingdom :    They  promifed 
ikewife  (fays  lie)  to   give  up  to  King  Henry  all  Scotland  on  the 
South  Side  of  fbrth,   and  particularly  all  the   flrong  Holds  which 
were  in  tiieir  Hands,  and  which  were  the  Keys  to  the  Wefl  Marches. 
This  is  in  a  Letter  to  the  King  o( England,  dated  May  firfl,  154J. 

The  Govcrnour  in  a  Letter  to  King  Henry,  dated  the  4th  of  May 
the  fame  Year,  tells  him,  That  he  had  Tent  for  Ambaffadors  for 
the  final  ending  of  the  Marriage,  and  concluding  a  perpetual  Peace- 
Wil^ic>n  1-arl  of  Glencairn,    and  Sir  George  Douglajs,  who  was  very 

f)reffing  to  be  employed  in  tiiis  EmbafTy.  Becaufe,  fays  Sir  Ralpfi^ 
-Jc  hoped  Kini^  Henry  would  confcnt  to  the  Articles  propofed,  it 
being  impofliblc  to  oDtain  any  more  at  that  Time,  efpecially  fince 
Jie  got  Security  for  the  Performance,  by  having  the  Governour's 
Son  lit  his  own  Hands :    But  above  all,    if  the  Kin^  of  England 

O  o  o  Z  would 


I 


2dQ  ^^«  Life  0/  MARY,  ^een  oj  acoimnu. vol.  }]l 

r^-^^^^    would  not  condefccnd  to  thcfc  Articles,  to  fhow  him  how  he  might 
CK^    conquer  tlic  Country  after  the  caficft  Manner ;  yet  notwithftanding 
of  all  tiiis  thefe  Inftrudlions  noways  pleafed  the  Kin^  oi  England: 
So  Sir  George  DougLis   that  execrable  Traitor  was  fcnt  back  again 
to  Scotland  with  new  In{lru<ftions.     The  Subftance  of  which  were, 
«'  That  the  Queen  fhall  be  delivered  at  ten  Years  of  Age,  Tliat  fix 
ef?n«/w''"  Earls  or  Barons  or  their  Heirs  be  incontinently   after  the  Conclii- 
r,opoJ'"  "  fion  of  tlie  Treaty  delivered  as  Hoflagcs,  That  the  Lords  appoin- 
bo..tji>e     «  jgj  |jy  ji^g  Tarliament   fhould  be   about  the  Qijccn  during  that 
"  Time,    except  the  Lords  Erjkine  and  Seaton,  wlio  were  violent 
.{  OppoVcrs  of  the  Match  with  England,  and  diat  the  like  Number 
"  oi  Englip  Teers  fhould  wait  upon  her,  Thattli6  Marriage  fhall  be 
"  folemni/ced  at  tlie  Queen's'  being  twelve  Years  of  Age,   That  fhe 
*'  fhall  have  as  great  Dowrie  as  is  commonly  given  to  the  Queens 
"  o(  England y  that  a  perpetual  Peace  fhall  be  concluded,    Tiiat  if 
«  polTible,   the  Hoflages  for  the  Marriage  fhould  be  the  fame  for 
«  the  Peace.     And  Lajlly,    That   the  Governour  continue  till  and 
"  during  the  Marriage,  and  that  for  his  Suflenance,   he  fhall  enjoy 
«  the  whole  Revenue  during  his  Government,  excepting  fuch  a  Por- 
«  tion  to  the  Queen,  as  her  Dignity  and  Degree  requireth  ". 

The  Governour  no  fooner  received  this  Memorial,  but  he  called 
the  Parliament,  where  feveral  Articles  were  agreed  to,  Ml  extant 
in  the  Records  of  Parliament  among  the  written  A(5ls  (a),  The 
Subf^ance  of  which  are,  "  That  the  Queen  fhall  be  delivered  to  the 
"  Kind's  Maicfty  of  England,  or  the  Prince  his  Son,  at  the  tenth 
Article*  «  Year"  of  her  Age  j  providing.  That  the  Marriage  be  made  before 
co^erning  «  ^^g  clcpartcd  out  of  the  Realm  by  Procurators ;  That  fix  Earls  ot 
•8«'.  ""  "  Barons  or  their  Heirs  fhall  be  given  as  Pledges  to  the  King's 
"  Maiefly  of  England  for  the  Performance  of  the  fame  j  That  the 
"  Lords  appointed  by  Parliament  fhall  have  the  Cuflody  of  the 
*'  Queen's  Perfon  ;  That  the  King  of  England  ma.y  fend  anyhonoii- 
"  rable  Man,  and  a  Lady  with  Attendance  not  exceeding  twenty, 
"  to  wait  upon  the  young  Qiieen,  and  remain  upon  the  King  of 
"  England's  Expences ;  That  her  Dowary  be  fpecified  and  menti- 
*'  oned  in  the  Contrad: ;  That  there  be  a  perpetual  Peace  betwixt 
♦<  the  two  Realms ;  That  the  Prifoners  of  Scotland  be  put  to  a  rea- 
"  fonable  Ranfom ;  That  if  the  Queen  be  married  to  the  Prince 
"  of  England,  and  if  he  fhall  happen  to  die  without  Heirs  lawfully 
"  gotten  of  her  Grace,  her  Grace  fhall  be  delivered  into  the  Realm 
"  o(  Scotland  free  and  unmarried  to  any  other  Man  ;  That  at  the 
"  delivering  of  the  Queen,  my  Lord  Governour  fhall  be  fufficiently 
"  difcharf»ed  of  all  his  Intromiflions  with  the  Regents,  ($'c.  of  the 
«'  Crownt  That  if  the  Marriage  fhall  be  compleated,  the  Realm 
«  of  Scotland  fhall  brook  the  Name  of  Scotland,  with  all  its  Liber- 
«  ties  which  it  has  had  in  all  Time  bygone,  and  to  be  ruled  by  a 
«  Governour  who  fhall  be  alwife  a  Scots  Man,  and  only  fuJDJetfl  to 
"  Scots  Laws  and  Cufloms. 

The 

_  —        ■   '  ——11    ii   I  1 1 . 

(»)  Amooga  the  K.ccoiil«  ia  (lit  PailumcBC  Heulci. 


Vol-  HI. ^Je  Life  of  MARY,  C^^een  o/"  Scotland.  141 

The  King  of  England  was  fo   well  pleafed  with  thefe  Articles,  ^^^ 
that  upon  Sunday  the  ift  oi  July  I545>    '^^  concluded  the  Treaty  '-*^Ai■ 
with  the  Scots  Ambafliidors.     And  King  Henry  in  a  Letter  to  the 
Covernour  oi  the  lift  of  July,    commends   him  for  his  Courage  n.ge'i* .-"" 
andConrtancy  in  adhering  to  the  Agreement,  and  tells  Iiim,   That  Fu"f'.h«''" 
he  iiad  appointed  his  AmbafTador  to^  give  him  his  Advice  cortcer-  /«"/."n'/rh; 
ning  it.     And  the  Covernour  in  a  Letter  to  the  King  of  England^  ^""''°'- 
dated  the  18th  oi  July,  afTures  him,  That  he  will  be  firm  and  fixed 
in  obfcrving  the  Agreement,    and   returns   him  his  Thanks  for  his 
AHiftance,  and  promifes  to  fupprefs  all  Infurrecffions  that  fhould 
be  raifed  in  Oppofition  to  it. 

On  the  other  Hand,  the  Cardinal  who  had  been  imprifoned  as  Th«Q2«if 
we  have  faid  in  die  Caftle  of  St.  Andreivs,  made  hisEfcape  by  the  ?CT\l)sii 
Adiflance  of  tiie  Lord  Seaton  ;    and  he,  the  Qiieen  Dowager,  and  \^\  N'tfn"' 
fcvcrals  of  the  Nobility  met  at  Linlithgow  upon  tlie  2. id  of  7«/y,  ^pp°{J  ''j*. 
where  diey  entered  into  a  Bond,  by  which  they  obliged  themfelves  ^'i''*^-. ' 
to  ftand  by  one  another  with  their  Lives  and  Fortunes,  in  Oppofi- 
tion to  this  Match  with  England :  For  the  Cardinal  and  tjie  Clergy 
very  well  forefaw,  that  if  this  Match  with  England  fhould  hold,  ""it 
would  necefiarly  bring  on  fuch  a  Reformation  in  Scotland,    as  tliat 
Avhich  King  Henry  had  begun  in  England;    Therefore  they  contri- 
buted largely  to  oppofe  it.     The  Nobility  who  joined  them  were 
loath  to  break  the  old  League  with  France,   which  they  and  their 
PredecelTors  had  fo  often  fworn  to  obferve  inviolably.    Befides,  tjiey 
diought   that    fuch  a    Match  mufl:  needs    prove    the  Glory  and 
Happinefs  oi England,  and  at  the  fame  Time  the  Ruin  o^ Scotland; 
which  from  an  independent  Kingdom,  fhould  foon  dwindle  into  the 
Nature  of  a  tributary  rrovince,but  the  whole-Difficulty  was  to  gain  the 
Governor  to  dieir  Side,  and   to  effe(5luate  this,  they  propofed    a 
Match  betwixt  his  eldcft  Son  and  the  young  Queen,  but  this   had 
no  Weiglit  with  him,  for  if  the  young  Queen  died,  he  was  decla- 
red by  Adt  of  Parliament   her  next  Heir,  and  by  the  Marriage  of 
his  Son  with  the  Princefs  EUz^abeth;  if  the  young  Prince  of  Wales 
died,  his  Children  would  fucceed  to  the   Crown  of  England,  Co 
that  he  and  his  Pofterity  might  come  to  enjoy  both  Kingdoms : 
So  the  Parliament  being  call  a  and  met,  he  fwore  to  tlie  Treaty  in 
Prcfence  of   Sir  Ralph  Sadler  in  the   Church   o(  Holy-Rood-Houfey 
upon  the  15  of  aydugujl,  and  in  a  Letter  of  the  fame  Date  to  Kint^ 
Henry,    the  Governor  acquaints  him.  That  he  had  fign'd  the  Trea- 
ty, and  given  his  Solemn  Oath  for  the  keeping  of  all ''the  Articles, 
in  bodi  Contracfls  of  Peace  and  Marriage,  in  Prefence  of  his  Am- 
baflador,  and  that  he, had  CemSiiCeorge  Meldrum  oi  Fayue  with 
the  figncd  Treaty,  having  the  great  Seal  of  Scotland  apepended  to 
it,  and  requires  nis  Majeftv  to  ratify,  cdnfirrii,  and  give  his  Oatli 
for  obfcrving  the  fame,,  in  like  Manner  as  he  had  fent  his,  and  on 
the  16th  of  (iAuguJl,  lie  caus'd  proclaim  the  Peace  at  Edinhrgh, 
us  it  appears  from  his  Letters  to  King  Henry  of  that  pate:  A  Copy 

r  p  p  of 


241  The  Life  o/MARY,  ^een  0/ Scotland.  Vol.  I  If. 

f:*^'^i>^    of  this  n'Mi'd  Treaty  is  to  be  fccn  amoriKft  Sir  James  Jialfonr's  Col- 

An.  15S7.  •■"•-'       O,',.,  O  J  J 

^^\''*j    le(ftions  in  the  Lawyers  Library. 

Tlic  Lords  of  the  French  fadlioh,  finding,  that  there  was  no 

PoHibility  of  gaining  the  Governor,  they  font  over  to  France  for  the 

Karl  of  Lennox^    to  whom  they   promifed  the  Ciovernincnt  of  the 

JJ;«^J.«iof]^i,ijT(Joni  during   the  Qj.icen's  Minority,  in  place   of  the  Larl  of 

"«» f"""    Arran,  and  to  declare  lum  the  next  lawful  Heir  to  the  Crown;  the 

pofeihe      King  of /r^«ff  likewiie  promiled    to  adilt  him  with  Men  and  Mo- 

""'^'"     ney.     Buoy'd  up  with  thefe  Hopes  and  Promifes,  he  takes  (hipping 

and  lands  fafely  at  Leith^    the  next  Day  he  vifited  the  Covernour 

at  the  Palace  of  Holy- Rood- HohJci    and  finding  how  Affairs  flood 

betwixt  him  and  the  Queen  Mother,  in  a  icw  Days  after,  he  went 

to  Linlithgow,  where  lie  was  very  joyfully  received  by  the  Qiieen 

Mother,  and  all  the  Lords  of  the  French  Fadlion.   The  Govcrnour 

finding  tliis,  refblved  to  feize  upon    *ie  Perfon  of  the  young  Queen 

(  who  was  then  in  the  Cuftody  of  the  Lords  in  the  French  Interc(l) 

but  they  prevented  him,  for  they  having  raifed  fuddenly  an  Army 

of  4000  Men,  they  tranfported  her  from  the  Palace  of  Linlithgow^ 

iiul^'iTi  where  (he  had  been  from  her  Birth,    under  the  Protedfion   of  the 

f^!o''s'tir'-  Loid  Living Jlon,  to  the  Csidle  of  Stirling;  where  fhe  was  commit- 

commmca    ted  to  the  Care  of  the'  Lord  Erskine  the  Governour  of  the  Caflle; 

jV'oV?he°'  and  to  him   was  allbciate  the  Lords  Livingjlon,     Fleming  and 

Lord£rih«.  ^litljrueny     And  a  Proclamation  was  ilfued  our,  fummoning  all  the 

Members  of  the  three  Eftates  of  Parliament  to  be  Witnefs  to  the 

Qiieen's  Coronation  at  Stirling  the  next  Month,  being  September  : 

„    .         And  accordingly  upon  the  4th  Day  of  that  Month,    fhe  was  crow- 

She  IS  crow-  „    ■     i-    ^  •'    ■    ,  n  "^      i    o     i  I  ,r 

ned  >t  siir-  ncd  at  Stirling  with  great  romp  and  Solemnity  in  the  Year  154 J. 
"'"  The  Governour  of  the  Realm,  the  Earl  of  Arran,  being  prefent  at 

the  Ceremony. 

In  the  mean  Time,  the  King  of  England  made  an  open  Viola- 
Kin|»»7  tion  of  the  Treaty;  for  Sir  George  Meldrum  had  no  fooner  arrived 
w't  mtde  at  London,  and  delivered  the   figned  Treaty  to  King  Henry  to  be 
rei'noui','^°"  ratified  by  him,     but  he  fent  him  back  to  Scotland  without  doing 
it.     And  in  his  Letter  to  the  Governour,  dated  the  id  of  September 
he  fays,   He  knew  Sir  George  zvould  be  ufeful  to  him  in  the  prefent 
Commotions,  for  which  Reafon  he  had  fent  him  dozen  -without  rati- 
fying the  Treaty,    which  he  vjould  do  in  a  fhort  Time,    and  fend  it 
to  him.     But  Sir  George  was  no  fooner  gone  from  London,   but  he 
caufed  feize  upon  all  the  Scots  Ships  without  rhe  leafl  Provocation 
or  Reafon  given.     The  News  of  this  no  fooner  came  to  Scotlandy 
but  the  whole  Country  was  highly  incenfed  againft  the  King  of 
England,    in  fo  much,    that  Sir  Ralph  Sadler  in  his  Letter   to  the 
Duke  of  Suffolk,  dated  the  4th  of  September^  and  in  feveral  others 
spot  which  after  that,  complains,   That  the  Mob  infulted  over  him  to  fuch  a 
*«o'u?°j^1«s  Degree  that  he  was  not  in  fafety  of  his  Life.     However,    the  Pen- 
MctS7""d  fionary  Lords  continued  flill  firm  to  the  Intereft  of  the  EngUfh 
%  F»«V"  King ;  but  the  Governour  finding,    that  the  King  of  England's  De- 
inte.cft.     f]gn  ^yas  only  to  have  the  young  Qyeen  in  his  Cuftody,    he  joined 

the 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  of  MARY,  ^een  of  Scotland.  Z^ 

the  Queen  Mother  and  the  Lords  in  the  French  Intereft,    which  ^^"^^ 
difappointing  Lennox  of  his  Expedations,    he  on  the  other  Hand  ^^^^^J^ 
joined  tlic  penfionary  Lords,  and  declared  himfelf  for  the  Emlifh 
Match.  ^  ■' 

King  Henry,  to   palliate   his  unaccountable    Violation  of  the 
Treaty,  in  a  Letter  to  the  Governour  complains,  That  the  Hoftaces 
for   Terformance  of  what  was  agreed  to  were  not  entered;  upon 
this  the  Governour  call'd  a  Council,  and  findin^r  that   nd  Man 
would  enter  himfelf  an  Hoftage,  but  upon  Afllirance  of  the  Peace 
concluded  betwixt  the  Two  Realms,  it  was  refolved  to  fend  none 
thither,  till  once  the  Treaty  was  fign'd,  fworn  to,  and  fent  down, 
according  to  Agreement :  King  Henry,  finding  that  he  was  like  to 
be  difappointed,  in  his  Defign  of  getting  tlie  young  Queen  in  his 
Cuftody,  in  a  Letter  to  the  Duke  of  Suffolk,  dated   the    14th  of 
September :  He  exprefly  orders  him  to  enter  Scotland  with  his  For- 
ces, and,  if  pofTible,  to  feize  the  Governour  and  Cardinal,  and  to 
burn  the  City  of  Edinburgh,  yet  notwithftanding  of  all  this,  the 
Governour   (till  preOed,  that  the  Treaty  fhould  be  fign'd,  and  Sir 
Ralph   in  his  Letters   to  tiie  Duke  of  Suffolk,  and  the  Bifliop  of 
Durham,  dated  the  24th  of  September,  favs,  /  am  in  Hopes,  that 
they    (meaning  the  Scots)  will   effeaually  perform  the  Treaty,  in 
cafe  it  fhall  pleafe  the  Kmgs  c^ajefy  to  accept  the  fame,  but  to  ren- 
der King  Henry  altogether  unaccountable  in  his  Proceedings.     In  his 
Anfwer  to  this  of  the  30th    ofSepeember,  he  tells  Sir  Ralph,  that 
he  would  not  accept  of  the  Conditions  of  the  Treaty,  nor  would 
he  have  gone  fo  far  in  the  Matter,  had  not  the  Scots  AmbaHadors 
alTured  him.  That  if  he  accepted  the  Treaty  as  then  agreed  to  by 
the  Eftates  of  the  Parliament  of  Scotland,  he  would  carry  whatfo- 
cver  he  pleafed  ;  and  in  the  fame  Letter  he  defires  him  to  acquaint 
the   penfionary  Lords,  to    endeavour   to  get  the  Governour  and 
Cardinal  delivered  up  to  him,   or  depofed  ;  to  appoint  11  Noble 
Perfons  to  have  the  Government  of  the  Kingdom,  and  8  others 
to  have  the  Cuftody  of  the  young  Queen,  and  thofe  to  be  removed 
tiiat  were  about  her,  that  he  might  with  the  greater  Eafe  accom- 
plifh  iiis  Defign  of  carrying  her  away,  and  in  a  Letter  to  the  Duke 
of  Suffolk  of  the  fame  Date  :  He  orders  him  to  enter  Scotland  with 
his  Forces,  and  to  ravage  the  Borders;  Sir  Ralph  having  imparted 
his  Mafter's  Propofals,  to  the  penfionary  Lords,  favs  in  his  Letter 
"  to  the  Duke  o( Suffolk,  dated  on  the  5th  of  OMr,  "That  their 
"  Anfwer  was,  That  if  the  King's  Majcfty  would  advance  a  conve- 
«  nient  Sum  of  Money,  with  which  they  might  levy  Souldiers,  they 
«  would  bcficge  the  Cardinal  in  his  Caftle  of  St.  Andrews,  and  en- 
"  dcavour  to  get  both  the  young  Queen  and  him  into  his  Cuftody, 
«  but  that  It  could  not  be  eafily  acomplifhed,    becaufe  Edinburgh, 
«  Stirling  and  "Dtmbartoun  Caftles  werein  the  Enemies  Hands ;  not- 
«  withftanding  of  all  this,  fays  he;  if  he  had  Money,  they  did  not 
"  know  what  might  be  done. 

f  p  p  a  Albcir 


244  '^^f  J-'f^  °f  MARY,  Qjtrtn  of  ScotlanJ.  Vol.  \\\. 

'^'^^^•^        About    this   Time   arrived    5   Ships  from  France,  witli  6/yy) 
«A/^.    pQLind  Sterling  [a)  of  Money,  and  Arms  and  Ammunition  for  the 
.tch'nf'l^^-  £a,l  of  Lennox  ;  with  thefe  Ships  came  Fraicis  Contarenus  Patriarch 
7.om"l'"LotFenice,  and  Lcgat  for  the  Kin<;dom,  from  Pope  Pml  the  ^d, 
Arm";n'7'as  1  ilccwife  fiom  the  French  Kinj;  Mr.  la  Broche,  Mr.  Q^enager  and 
^^"'m'lhT    Mr.  Jnorat.     The  Fre7jch  noways  doubting  but  the  Ivarl  of  Lennox 
f,«V'o     was   in  their   Intcrefl,    delivered  to  him  the    Money,    Arms  and 
l/h.^"'  "^  Ammunition,    with  which  he   mimediately  levied  an  Army,    and 
uhnfr  A.my  ^gjj^f^    loined  by   the  Penfionary   Lords,    he  marched  Araight  to 
'the  Go'vet-'  i^gifl^  [)i,t  by  the  Mediation  and  prudent  Condud  of  the  Cardinal 
and  the  Earl  of  Hmtly  then  at  Edinhurgh^    an  Agreement  was 
made  betwixt  him  and  the  Governour,   which  Lennox  fealed  with 
a  folemn  Oath  ;  and  Sir  George  Donglns  and  Glencatrn\  eldert:  Son 
were  "iven  up   to  the  Governour   as  Hoftages   for   obferving   the 
Peace  :    But  fix  Days  after,    the  Governour  having  cone  to  Lin- 
lithgoiv,  the  Earl  ot  Lennox  in  the  night  Time,  ported  to  Glajgow, 
where  he  raifed  a  new  Army,   and  fortify'd  the  Town  and  CaJlU ; 
In  the  mean  Time,    Sir  George  Douglas  falling   Sick  a:  Dalkeith, 
the  Governour  went  to  vifit  him,    which  King  Henry  having  got 
notice  of,    in  a  Letter  to  Sir  George,  dated  the  6th  ot  October,   lie 
reprehends  him    fliarply    for  not  apprehending  tlie   Governour, 
which  he  excufed,  becaufe  became  under  Truft,  and  out  of  Kind- 
nefs  to  fee  him   :     But  he  and  all  the  other  Penfionaries  promife 
in  a  fhort  Time  to  deliver  to  him  not  only  the  Governour,  but  the 
Qiieen  and  the  Cardinal  ;  which  he  earneftly  puts  them  in  mind 
of   in  another  Letter  written  in  Odoher,  and  in  a  Minute  written 
by  Mr.  U^jarton  the  27th  of  Odoher,    he  orders  him  to   difpatch 
one  into  Scotland  to  advife  the  Eaii  of  Jngus  to  befiege  the  Caftle 
of  Stirling^  in  which  the  Queen  and  Governour  then  were,  and  in 
a  Letter  to  the  Governour  he  threatens  him  feverely,  to  which  the 
Governour  returned  a  fuitable  Anfwer. 

Sometime  after  this,  the  Governour  having  raifed  an  Army, 
marched  ftraight  to  Glafgow,  where  Glencairn,  the  Lairds  of  T«7- 
lihardine,  Houjlon,  Buchannan,  a^acfarlincy  Drumwhaftle  and 
others  of  the  Shire  of  Ranfrew,  were  got  together  expeding  Len- 
nox, with  another  Army  from  Dumbartoun  Shire  to  join  them.  They 
havinc  got  notice  of  the  Governour's  Defign,  marched  out  to  meet 
him  a'fjout  a  Mile  from  Glafgow,  on  a  plain  Field  called  the  Muir 
of  Glafgow ;  they  no  fooner  came  in  fight  of  other,  but  they  im- 
mediately fell  to  Adion,  and  for  a  long  Time  the  Vi<StoTy  was  du- 
bious ;  but  at  length  Lennox  Followers  were  put  to  the  Fliglu,  and 
and  the  Governour  purfued  them  into  the  City,  where  a  great  ma- 
ny were  taken  Prifoners,  and  afterwards  fet  at  Liberty  upon  the 
Lord  :Boy^'s  Defire,  the  principal  Perfons  being  only'f^ned;  yet 
there  was  a  Party  that  ftill  kept  theCaflle  and  Steeple  of  the  Church 
next  to  the  Ca'ftle  :  Thefe  the  Governour  befieged,  and  forced 
them  to  furrender  at  Difcretion.     Upon  which,  he  caufed  18  of  the 

leading 


U)  UOy  dt  Ccftci  $<:«[.  Lib.  io,f>g-  4iS. 


Vol.  III.  rije  Life  0/  MARY,  ^gff^j/\Scocland.  ^ 

leading  Men  aitiongft  them  to  be  put  to  Death,  and  thc^  reft  fet  it  '>*^^ 
Liberty  :  h'^  tliis  Addon  a  good  Number  of  tlic  Citizens,  and  others' ^^^V^ 
of  Lennox  Followers  were;  killed,  and  a  great  many  more  of  them' 
had  fallen,  liad  it  Jlot  been  for  the  Govcrnour's  innate  Clemency, 
who  favcd  as  many  of  them  as  he  could. 

Not  long  after  this,    the  Lord  Sowmervel  was  apprehended  with 
Letters  to  the  King  of  England,  containing  High  Treafon  :  For  in 
rhcm  the  penfionary  Lords  defirc  King  Henry  to  rely  upon  his  In- 
formation concerning  their  Refolutions,  and  the  Mcafurcs  they  had 
taken  for  feizing  and  dcHveringup'to  him  the  Queen,  the  Govcrnour 
and  his  Brother  the  Treafurer,  tlie  burning  of  the  Town  of  Hamil- 
ton,  and  the  murdering  of  the  Cardinal.     All  which  appears  from 
Sir  Ralph's  Letttrs  to  the  Duke  0^  Suffolk,  dated  the  nth  of  JVo- 
nieniher.     Tiic  Earl  df  aAngus  and  the  Lbrd  a^dxzvell  havin>>  un- 
tJeitaken  to  mediate  d  Peace  betwixt  tiic  Earl  of  Lennox  an^  the 
Govcrnour,  they  were  both  feizeid  upon,  and  (ent  Prifoners  to  the 
Governour'3  Palace"  at  Hamilton,    and  afterwards,  to  the  Caftle  of 
Slacknefs,  where  they  were  kept  under  ftrong  Guards. 

The  Govcrnour  having  now  difcovered  tiic  Defigns  of  the  Kin<T 
6f  England,  and  liis  penfionary  Lords,  called  a  Parliament,  whicfi 
met  upon  the  4th  of  December  1545,  ^"'^  annulled  the  Marriage 
with  England,  by  the  following  Ad. 

Vndecimo  BecemhYh  feptima  dies  Parliamcnti,  Domino  Ctibcr^ 
natore  prafente  cum  tribus  Regni  Jlatibtis. 

THE  milk  Bay,  annentis  the  ^Article  proponed  touching  Veace   TheM.m- 
and  Contrails  of  (^arria^e  lately  tane  and  made  betzuixt  the  '^J^'qI,;^" 
QyJmbaJjadorS  of  our  Sonjerctigri  Lady  the  Glueens  Grace,  and  Com-  "^"'^"■^""of 
tnijjaries  of  the  Kingdom  of  England,    betzvixt  our  Jaid  Sovereign  f^'tf  aTo? 
I^ady,  and  Edward  Prince  0/ England,  Son  and  abparent  Heir  to  the  '""'""""' 
King  of  England,  gif  the  Jamen  Jhould  be    objernjit  and  kcepit  or 
tiocht  :  c^dy  Lord  Go-virnour,  and  the  Three  EJlates  of  Parliament 
findis,  that  the  [aid  Pece.ivas  taken,    concluded  and  endit  in  the  Be- 
ginning of  the  Monet  o/Julay  laji  by  paft,  betzvixt  the  Jaid s  Ambaf- 
Jadcrs  and  Commijjarics  of  bayth  the  Kcalmis,  and  the  Seal  is  to  have 
been  interchangit  betzvixt  and  the  firjl  Day  of  September  next  there- 
after, cxclufivc,    and  the  Jaid  Pece  was  proclamit  bayth  in  England 
tJnd  Scotland,  and  throzv  Pretence  thereof  the  Merchandis  of  Scotland 
putt  their   Schippis  and  Goodis,  to  the  Sea,    and  long  before  the  faid 
first  Day  0/ September  they  zvere  takin  by  Inglifmen,    and  haldin 
ihejyijclfis,    Gaire  and  Schippis,    ahd  Goodii  as  Zjet  unrejlorit,    bot 
Aetmit  as  Enemies,   notzvithfanding   of  the  Jaid  Pece,    and  diver Je 
Mejfagcs  Jem  for  delivering  df  them,  quhair  thrdzv  the  Jdid  King  of 
Lnglund  has  vwlat'and  drakein  the  Jaid  Pece  :  And  thsrcfore,  and 
lecaujc  the  Jaid  Contrail  of  Marriage  was  grantit  for  tht  faid  Pice} 
to  have  been  had  objervii  and  kept  betwixt  the  Twa  Realmis;  ijuhilk 
tiijs  not  keepitf  but  brokin  and  violat  by  the  Jaid  King  of  England 

Q.q  q  as. 


11^6  The  Life  of  MARY,  ^een  of  Scotland.  Vol.    11  f. 

nVV*^  ^j  f^jd  is,  and  alfe  becatife  my  Lord  Governour  fens  batth  the  Con- 
t?V*^  tracts  of  Marriage  and  Pece  ratifiet,  approvit  and  fzvom  by  him, 
and  fealit  luith  our  Soveraign  Ladys  Grit  Sealle,  according  to  thi 
Jridentis  before  the  f aid  fir  ft  Day  0/ September,  and  canfit  thefameri 
to  be  deliverit  to  the  faid  King,  quha  was  requirtt  by  the  yfmhajja- 
doris^  Jent  b)my  Lord  Governonr  to  have  deliverit  the  faid  Contra^/ is 
infick  like  Manner  ratifet,  aVprovit  and  Jworn  by  hirn,  and  refufet 
to  do  the  Jamin.  My  Lord  Governour,  and  Three  Eft  ales  of  Par- 
liament forefaid,  has  dcclarit,  and  declaris  the  faid  Contradlis  to  be 
expyrit  in  thcmjclfis,  and  not  to  be  keepit  in  Time  coming,  for  the 
Part  of  Scotland. 

The  Earl  of  Lennox  finding  that  the  Governor  was  mucl\  more 

iLwx'fub-  powerful,    then  he  fent  one  Thomas  Bijhop  one  of  his  principal 

io^he*"Kmg  Gentlemen,    to  King  Henry  with  a  Trotier  of  his  Service,    and  a 

flr'^hKh'ho  Propofal  of  Marriage  betwixt  him  and  Lady  Margaret  1)oHgla[s, 

ijfo.teiicJ.  j)j^ugh[cr  to  the  Earl  of  Angus  and  King  Henrys  Niece  :  The  King 

of  England  very  willingly  went  into  the  Propolal,  and  at  a  Meeting 

at  Carltfle,  the  following  Articles  were  agreed  to  betwixt  the  Lord 

Wharton  for  King  Henry,  and  the  Earl  of  Lennox y  upon  the  17th 

Day  of  May  1 544.  (a). 

Firfi,  Tile  Earl  of  Lennox  will  be  King  Henrys  Subjecfl  and  Ser- 
vant, and  ferve  him  againll  all  that  fhall  impugne  his  Grace's  Title 
in  Scotland,  or  ehe\i'here. 

2.dly,  That  he  will  furrender  into  his  Majefty's  Hands  the  Caftle 
of  Dumbarton,  as  alfo  the  Ifle  of  'Btite^  and  help  him  to  win  the 
Caftle  of  Rothefay  there. 

i^dly.  That  when  the  King,  having  the  Direcflion  of  the  Realm 
of  Scotland,  fhall  have  made  him  Governor,  the  faid  Earl  fhall 
never  call  Parliaments,  nor  do  any  Matter  of  any  great  Moment 
without  the  King's  Advice. 

4//;/y,  That  he  fhall  forefee  that  his  Pronepte  be  not  convoyed 
out  of  Scotland,  but  to  ftrive  to  get  her  Perfon  into  his  Cuftody, 
and  to  deliver  her  into  the  King's  Hands. 

5/^/y,  That  becanfe  the  King  hath  upon  his  earneft  Suit  given 
him  Leave  to  marry  his  Grace's  Niece  the  Lady  Margaret  Douglafs, 
the  faid  Earl  bindeth  himfelf  to  endow  her  with  the  yearly  Jointure 
of  500  Merks  Sterling. 

6thly,  That  the  Knig,  in  Confederation  of  the  LofTes  which  the 
faid  Earl  fhall  fuftain  in  France  by  this  Agreement,  will  ^ive  him 
and  his  Heirs  PolTeflion  in  England  of  1700  Merks  Sterling. 

ythly,  That  the  King  will  aid  the  faid  Earl  in  Scotland  for  two 
or  three  Months  with  500  Men,  befldes  fuch  Men  as  his  Grace  will 
fend  to  take  and  keep  Dumbarton.  And  Lafly,  That  the  King 
having  obtained  the  Rule  and  Diredion  of  the  Kingdom,  will  con- 
flitute  the  faid  Earl  Governor.  And  thefe  Articles  were  figned  by 
the  Earl  himfelf  upon  the  26th  of  June  :  For  which,  in  a  Alceting 

of 

i')  Vtd.  Heib.  Ilift.  of  He«.  VIU.  Pag.  jio. 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  of  MAKY,  ^een  of  Scotl-.id.  I^ 

of  the  Eftates  of  Parliament  in  the  Month  of  06lober^  he  was  moft  '"^•^rf^ 
JLiftly  forfeited  :    And  the   French  King  having  got  notice  of  this  vjiv»v 
Agreement,  did  likewife  forfeit  and  imprifon  \m  Brother  {a)  John 
Stewart  Lord  uiubigny,  Governourof  Avignon,  and  Captain  of  the 
Gens  des  oArmes,    upon  which  followed  a  War  betwixt  the  two 
Kingdoms. 

In  the  Year  1(548,  the  Governour  having  called  a  Parliament, 
whicli  met  in  a  Monaftery  hard  by  Haddington  (l>),  it  was  unani-  im.n^«,'3 
moufly  refolved  by  the  Three  Eftates  of  Parliament,  that  for  the '°  ^'""' 
Prefervation  of  the  young  Queen,  who  was  now  about  fix  Years  of 
Age,  that  fhe  fhould  be  lent  to  France,  wiiere  fhe  fhould  remain  till 
fucii  Time  as  her  Years  allowed  her  to  marry :  And  the  League 
being  renewed  betwixt  the  two  Nations  of  Scotland  and  France^ 
Mr.  de  ViUegngnon,  by  Order  of  the  Parliament,  fet  fail  from  Pill- 
land  Firth,  and  coafting  alongft  the  Ifles,  they  came  (Ireight  to 
Dumbarton.,  where  the  Qiieen  Mother  (c)  delivered  her  Daughtct 
the  young  Queen  to  the  Lord  de  Brez^euieing,  even  then,  fays  Mr. 
'Beague,  one  of  the  mod  perfect  Creatures  the  Author  of  Nature 
had  ever  framed,  for  her  Match  was  no  where  to  be  feen,  nor  had 
the  World  another  Child  of  her  Fortune  and  Hopes. 

Tile   Perfons  to  whofe  Care  fhe  was  intrufted,    was  the  Lords 
Erskine  and  Fleeming,  and  for   her  Governant  was .  appointed  the 
Lady  Beeming.,  and  for  her  Maids  of  Honour,  a^ary  Livingjlony 
Daughter  to  the  Lord  Livingfon,  Mary  Fleeming,  Daughter  to  the 
Lord  Flecming,    Mary  Seaton,    Daughter  to  tJie  Lord  Seatbn,  and 
Q^ary  Beaton,  Daughter  to  the  Laird  of  Balfour.     They  arrived 
fafely  at  Breft,  having  efcaped  the  Englif)  Fleet,  who'  lay  in  wait 
for  her ;  and  from  Brejl  fhe  was  convoyed  to  the  Court  bf  St.  Ger' 
mans,  where  fhe  was  received  with  great  Pomp  and  Splendor :  And 
to  do  her  the  more  Honour,  the  Scots  Guards  were  naturalized  Scots 
Men  :    Which  Letters  of  Naturalization  granted  in  the  Montli  of 
Jslovember  i  ^^"j,  and  verified  in  the  Chamber  of  Compts  i  itli  of 
February  1 548,  are  to  be  feen  in  the  MS.  CoUecftion  of  the  Treaties 
betwixt  Scotland  and  France,  which  I  have  feen  in  the  Libraries  of 
George  Earl  of  Winton,  and  George  Earl  of  Ct-omarty. 

After  her  Arrival  in  France,  her  two  Uncles,  tlie  Duke  of  Guije  wg"  ^"X 
and  the  Cardinal  of  Lorain  took  all  imaginable  Care  about  her  liXcMi. 
Education  ;  and  being  endowed  with  avail  Capacity  and  Spritlinefs 
of  Wit,  in  a  fhort  Time  fhe  was  Mafter  of  the  Jrench,  Latin,  Spanijh 
and  Ad/w«  Languages,  befidesthe  other  Accomplifhments  requifitc 
for  a  Perfon  of  her  Sex  and  Quality,  fuch  as  Dancing,  Singing, 
Needle-work,  (^c.  in  which  fhe  excelled  any  of  her  Age ;  fo  tiiac 
the  Eyes  of  all  Europe  were  upon  her  :  And  M.  Rapin  tells  us,  That 
in  the  14th  Year  of  her  Age  Ihe  declaimed  in  a  Ciceronian  Stile  of 
Latin  belore  the  whole  Court  of  France,  and  compofed  Poems 
that  iud  all  the  Beauties  and  Charms  of  Wit  and  Eloquence. 

Q^  q  q  1  In 

(«)  Vti.  UOjUAun.  i)4l|.    (i;  Ib,d.  Lib.  la  Ptl^^}.    (0  Mf.  B«>(uc'i  lUt.  of  tbclCtmr.  if4»»ailM^ 


24.8  The  Life  of  M  A  R  Y,  Qsjeen  of  Scotland. Vol.  f/f. 

r>^/\^         In  the  bt^i^inning  of  the  Month  of  September  I55^>  ^'""^  (^necn 
\^^     Mothci-  went'  to  Friince  to  fee  her  i    fhc  was  accompaniocl  by  the 


i^A*-^      MOtllCl  \vi;ml  hj  j/i."i.v    v^ ,     WW*.  »»^v. |-"  J 

To.'hc'H-  old  Countcfs  of  Muntlyy  the  Earl  of  f/«w//j  her  Son,  the  Coiintcfs 
;"fic'hr  '°  of  //««//>,  the  Earls  of  e^arifchdl,  Sutherland  and  6'^/;A  ;  and  a 
ercat  many  other  Pcrfons  of  Qiiality  :  They  landed  at  Af//  upon 
the  14th  oi  October,  and  the /W«c^  King  met  her  at  Roar/,  where, 
after  they  had  ftay'd  for  fome  Days  they  went  to  Paris,  and  from 
thence  to  the  City  of  Blois,  where  fhc  llay'd  all  that  Winter  with 

her  Daua,hrcr.  .       r     »       •  , 

Haviivj,  attained  to  a  competent  Age  for  Marriage,  there  arolc 
Thttearircf  ^^^^i  Dcbatcs  both  m  France  and  Scotland  about  it  :     For  the  Duke 
bouVi"  *'  of  Guifc  and  tlic  Cardinal  of  Lorain  her  two  Uncles,  prefTcd  ear- 
'^"'''^''     ncf\ly  that  fhe  fhould  be  married  to  the  Daupiiin  of  France-     The 
Duke  of  c^ontnwrancy  Conflable  of  France  (a),  was  for  marrying 
her  to  fome  of  the  Princes  of  tiie  Blood,    and  for  fending  tlicnn 
immediately  to  Scotland  :     Becalufe  faid  he,  Wlien  Princes  are  ab- 
fent  from  dieir  own  Dominions,    commonly   their   Subjeds  rebel, 
which  if  Scotland  fhould  do<   it  would  be  both  expenfive  and  dif- 
ficult for  France  to  reduce  them  ;  and  thereby,    inflead  oi'  making 
France  the  better  by  her  Marriage  with  the  Dauphin,  it  would  make 
it  in  a  far  worfe  Condition  in  Scotland.     The  Duke  of  Chattelhe- 
raidt  forefceing  that  this  Marriage  might  be  prejudicial  to  his  Fami- 
ly ;  he  oppofed  it  with  all  his  might,  and  caufed  a  Report  to  be 
fpread  amon^ft  tJie  Vulgar,  that  rhe  Qiieen  Mother  and  the  French 
King  had  a  Defi'Mi  to  fubjecft  Scotland  as  a  Province  to  France  : 
And  although  he°  raifed  die  Country  in  a  Rebellion  a;gainft  her, 
yet  he  could  not  put  a  Stop  to  the  Marriage  :    For  the  King  of 
But.ti.ng.u  fi^^nce  having  demanded  her  in  Marriage  for  his  Son  the  Dauphin, 
''  '*  t"^  a  Parliament  was  called  at  Edinburgh  in  the  Month  of  'December 
Vo    1 557,  And  die  three  Eflates  of  Parliament  agreed  to  the  Marriage, 
'*''"■  and  fbnt  the  following  Commiffioners  to  be  prefent  at  die  Solem- 
nity,   lames  Beaton  Archbifhop  of  Glaf^ow,  David  Bi/hop  of  Rojs 
Secretary,  Robert  Bifhop  q(  Orkney  Preiident  of  the  SefTion,  James 

Prioi-  of  St  Andrews  the  Qiieen's  Baftard  Brother,    George  Earl  of 

""'"  Rothes,  Gilbert  Earl  of  Caffils,  James  Lord  Flemirig,    George  Lord 
"'i-    Seaton  and  John  Erskine  of  Dun,  Provoft  of  oMontrofe. 

They  embarked  at  Leith  in  the  Month  of  February  i  558,  and 
by  a  cr6at  Storm  one  of  their  Ships  wljich  carried  their  Horfes, 
^vas  fhipwrackt  at  St.  zAbb's  Head  ;  and  another  wherein  the  Earl  of 
Rothes  and  the  Bifhop  of  Orkney  were,  with  all  the  Furniture  for 
the  Marriage,  which  was  very  rich  and  fumptuous,  was  fhipwrackt 
nigh  to  Bouloign  upoii  the  Coafl  of  France  :  But  die  Earl  and  the 
Bifhop  made  their  Efcape  in  the  Ship's  Boat,  w|iich  brought  them 
fafely  to  Land,  all  the  refl  of  the  Fleet  arrived  fafely  at  Bouloign  : 
From  whence  the  Commiffioners  went  flreightto  Paris,  where  they 
were  nobly  received  and  entertained  by  the  French  King,  and  upon 
the  18th  o^  Jprii  1558,  it  was  agreed  betwixt  them  (b)  and  th& 

French 

(»)  MtUH'j  Mem.  1".  17.    t*)  t'om  0\t  »bev(citcd  MS.  penes  Comiicm  de-  WiMoa  k  Qom,  de  t'oonrtj 


tint    (h 
(hould 
married    to 
the  Diuphin. 


The  Cotn 
Biiflioners 
that  were 
fent 
prefent  at 
the  Mitri- 
age 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  of  MARY,  §jieen  of  Scotland.  149 

French  Commiflioneis,  "  Tliat  tlic  Qiiecn  fhould  be  married  to  the  JJ^j^ 

"  Dauphin  upon  the  i^th  ;  That  if  her  Husband  the  Dauphin  comes  ^■''V^ 

"  to  be  King  ot  France,    fhe  fhall  liave  60000  Livrcs  Tcurnois  per 

"  yinnum  ;    Tliat  the  eldcfl:  Son  of  the  Marriage  fhall  fucceed  to 

"  both  Kingdoms,    and  that  the  Arms  of  both  Kingdoms  fhall  be 

"  quartcreciand  joined  togedier ;    That  if  it  fhall  pleafe  God  that 

"  her   Majefty  have  a  Daughter  only   and  no  Son,    then  fhe  is  to 

"  marry  by  the  Advice  and  Confent  of  both  Kingdoms ;  and  fhall 

"  liave  for  I'lcr  Portion  400000  Crowns  of  the  Sun,    and  to  each 

"  of  the  young  Daughters  if  any,  300000;  That  the  States  oi Scot- 

*'  land  fhall   rake  an  Oath    of  Fidelity  and  Allegiance  to  tliem  ". 

Both  tiicfe  Articles  being  fworn  to  and'  fubfcribed  by  both  Parties, 

ihc  Scots  Commiflloners  fwore  Allegiance  to  her  Majefty  and  hci' 

Husband  the  Dauphin  upon  the  28th  at  the  Lowure.     And  it  was 

further  agreed,    "  That  the  Scots  in  France  fhould  be  held  and  rc- 

"  putcd,  and  have  all  the  Privileges  of  native  French  Men,    as  thd  she  iimT. 

«  French  fhould  be  likewife  in  Scotland".     And  the  Ceremony  ofoihrn."''* 

the  Marriage  was  performed  in  Nojlre  Dame  at  Taris,  in  Prefence 

of  the  French  King  and  the  whole  Court  of  France^  upon  the  l^th 

of  ^pril  1 558- 

Tile  Solemnities  of  the  Marriage  were   no  fooner  over,   but  i 
Propofal  was  made  for  complementing  the  Dauphin  with  the  Ma- 
trimonial Crown  :  But  this  was  oppofed  by  the  Earls  of  Rothes  and 
Cajjils,  the  Lord  Fleming  and  the  Bifhop  of  Orkney.     And  all  of    s.v„.i  of 
them  dyino;  lliddenly  at  Diep  in  their  Return  to  Scotland,    it  was  ^'„^;;;,o. 
believed   tliat  they  were  poifoned  by  the  French  :    But  whatever  ""•  t'« '" 
Truth  was  in  tins,  it  is  certain  that  the  Reformers  made  a  Handle  f'oinFr««.. 
of  it  to  inccnfc  the  Vulgar  againft  the  French  :     For  they  were  all 
of  tlicm  well  beloved  and  very  popular,    die  Earl  of  Rothes  being 
a  Nobleman  that  was  highly  favoured  by  that  wife  and  excellent 
Trince  James  V.,  to  whom  be  had  been  long  a  Privy  Counfellor. 
The  Earl  of  Cajjils  was  Lord  high  Treafurer  of  the  Kingdom.  The 
Lord  Fleming  was  a  young  Nobleman  of  extraordinary  Hopes  and 
Expe(ftations.     And  the  Bifliop  of  Orkney  was  one  of  tlie  wifeft  and 
learnedcfl  Prelates  of  his  Age,  as  we  have  fhown  in  the  Hiflory  of 
his  Life. 

The  remaining  Commiflioners  havinc^  arrived  fafcly  at  Leith,   a 
Parliament  was  called  and^met  at  Edinburgh,  and  the  Commiffio* 
ncrs  having  laid  before  them  all  their  Proceedings  in  Relation  to 
the  Marriage  of  the  Qiiccn,  what  they  had  done  was  approven  of: 
Rut  when  t'licy  came  to  tiic  Propofal  made  by  the  French,  offending  „'^nf.r""' 
the    Matrimonial  Crown  to  the  Dauphin,    great  Debates  arof e  ^.'"J^  1*^"^; 
amongfl  them  about  it  :    For  the  Duke  of  Chattelhcrault  gave  in  a  J;;^  ^?,  '•>• 
iVotcflation  againfl  it,    as  tending  to  prejudice  his  Right  to  the  "^'i^'h  ih. 
C'-rown,  if  fi)e  fhould  die  without  Heirs.  Which  Proreftation  was  given  ««'i./r«;» ' 
in  by  Sir  James  Hamilton  o( Crawford-  fohn,  and  is  dated  at  Edin-l'^Za'. 
Ltir^h,  loth  o\  blo^embcr  I  $58,  and  fubfcribed  by  thefe  WitnclFesj 
John  Arclibifhop  oi  St.  yindreivs,   George  Earl  ot  Hitntly,   Gtofge 

R  r  r  Lord 


150  The  Life  of  MARY,  ^eerj  o/"  Scotland.  Vol.  III. 

f^^y^-'^  JordCorJonh^'i^on,  Geor£e  Commcndatoi  oi  DnmferMlif/x,  John 
^^  Lord  Horthwick,  Mr.  Jnclrew  Oliphant  and  John  /Cefjo  Notar 
Piiblick,  the  penult  Day  oi  November,  and  tiiis  Proccftation  is  (liU 
extant  in  the  Duke  of  Hamillon\  Charter  Chcft,  extracfted  by  yfrchi- 
kild  PW//;ro/f,Clcrk-Rcgiftcr,  yet  notwithflanding  of  this  the  tllates 
of  Parliament  a<;reed  to  the  fending  over  the  matrimonial  Crown, 
and  the  liaarl  of  aydrgyle  and  the  Prior  of  St  yjndrews  were  orde- 
red to  carry  it  over  to  the  Dauphin  :  But  tlic  Reformers  or  the 
Lords  of  the  Congregation  as  they  called  thcmfclvcs,  know- 
ing how  ufeful  thefe  two  were  for  carrying  on  their  Defigns,  they 
difwaded  them  from  going,  and  a  Petition  was  prefL-nted  to  the 
Parliament  from  them,  requiring,  "  That  all  Adts  of  Parliament 
"  a'niinfl:  the  Proteftants  fhould  be  abrogated  or  fufpended  till  u 
"  lawful  "eneral  Council  fliould  meet  to  decide  the  Controverfies 
"  betwixt  them,  that  whoever  was  accufcd  of  Hcrefy  before  tlic 
"  Temporal  Judge,  fhould  have  a  Copy  of  his  Accufation  delivered 
"  to  him,  and  a  competent  Time  afllgned  him  to  anfwer,  that  all 
"  lawful  Defences  fhould  be  received  from  fuch  Perfons,  and  they 
"  allowed  to  except  againfl  the  VVitnefTes  according  to  Law,  that 
"  the  Party  accufed  fhould  have  Liberty  to  explain  his  own  Mind, 
♦'  and  diat  his  Declaration  fhould  be  more  believed,  than  what  any 
"  Witnefl'es  could  fay  againft  them,  that  no  Proteflant  fhould  be 
"  put  to  Death  for  his  Religion,  till  fuch  Time  as  he  was  convin- 
*'  ced  oi  liis  Error  from  the  Word  of  God. 

The  Parliament  returning  no  Anfwer  to  this  Petition,  die  Lorcfs 
of  the  Con-^  relation  protefted,  That  fince  they  could  not  obtain  a 
Reformation  by  the  Law  of  the  Land,  according  to  Cod's  Word,  TIjat 
it  Oiould  be  lawful  for  them  to  exercife  their  own  Religion  according 
to  the  Purity  of  the  Gofpel ;  That  none  of  them  fhould  faff er  by  this, 
either  in  their  Lands,  Goods  or  Lives,  by  Vertue  of  former  Mts  of 
'Parliament  made  in  Favours  of  their  Adverfaries  ;  That  zvhatcver 
Tumults  or  Diforders  fhould  happen  betwixt  them  and  their  yldver- 
faries,  f-.ould  not  be  imputed  to  them.  oAnd  L?i{i\y,  That  fince  they 
had  nothing  in  their  V\ew,  but  the  Purity  of  their  Religion,  that 
they  fhould  not  be  lookt  upon  as  Fa^ious  and  Seditious,  but  as  dutiful 
and  loyal  Subjcds.  And  this  their  Proteflation  they  defired  to  be 
jnfert  in  the  Records  of  Parliament,  but  inflead  of  that,  they  were 
declared  Rebels,  and  from  that  Time  the  Country  was  involved 
in  a  War,  the  Effedls  of  which  were  the  utter  Ruin  and  Devaftation 
of  the  Nation ;  and  the  murdering  of  their  lawful  Sovereign  to  the 
eternal  Difgrace  of  thofe  who  under  a  Pretext  of  Religion,  aded 
like  incarnat  Devils. 

During  thefe  Troubles  m  Scotland,  the  Grounds  of  a  War  were 
laid  betwixt  £«f  AW  and /rj«ff,  which  was  occafioned  thus,  Alary 
Qiieen  of  England  dying  at  St.  James  s  upon  the  lyth  ot  No^jc?/;- 
ber  1558,  was  lucceeded'by  Princefs  H/'^^^f^/A  King/Z^wrysDaiigh- 
ter  by  j4nne  of  Bullen,  who  was  declared  a  Baftard  by  Ad  of  Par- 
liament ;  whereupon  by  Advice  of  the  King  of  France,  our  Qiicen 

as 


Vol.  111.  The  Life  of  MARY,  §lne.en  of  Scodand.  151' 

as  next  Heir  to  the  Crown  of  England,    in  all  her  piiblick  r)ccd7^y^ 
and  J.cttcrs  (a),  aflunicd  this  Title,  Francis  and  Mary  b)  the  Gr.ue     "^''^" 
of  God,  King  md  ^fucen  of  Scotland,  England  and  Ireland  ;   and  'nr'l?,!,';' 
fhc  caiifcd  t\\c  Arnib  of  England  quartered  with  the  Amis  of  Scot-  ImVofl 
land  to  be  painted  on  the  Walls  of  her  Palace  in  the  Heraiild  Coats,  t^s?w  "^ 
ond  on  all  her  Plate:  This,  as  I  have  fliid,  not  only  laid  the  Grounds 
of  a  War  betwixt  England  and  France,    but  created  llich  a  Hatred 
in  Queen  Eliz,akth  againfi:  our  Qiieen,    that  f)ie  could  never  lor- 
qi\  c  her,  during  the  Courfe  of  her  whole  Life.     Not  lonf^  after  this 
Henry  the  fecond,  King  of  France  dying,  the  Dauphin  and  Hie  were 
proclaimed  King  and  Queen  of  France,    and  the   Troubles  daily 
incrcating  in  Scotland,    they  fent  Mr.   Croak  a   French  Gentleman  'i-imcj ''"' 
with  Letters  to  the  Prior  of  St.  Andrews,  the  Queen's  Baftard  Brother,  >^"""  .""d 
and  the  chief  Man  amongft  the  Rebels,    wiierein  they  juflly  up-  nic  «nfe'"o 
braided  him  for  his  Dilloyalty  and  Ingratitude  towards  them,  and  Ihec^ig't"/ 
threaten  to  punifli  him  feverely,  if  he  does  not  return  to  his  Duty  : '''"°''' 
Both  thefc  Letters  are  in  Lefjs  and  Spotfivood's  Hiftories  (I).  And 
Mr.  Petrie  in  his  Hiftory  (c^  has  given  us  tiie  Prior's  Anfwcr  to  tlie 
King,  wherein  he  fays,    That  he  ivas  noways  confcious  to  himjelf  of 
any  Thing  that  he  had  done  amifs,  fince  all  was  for  the  Glory  of  Gody 
and  the  Advancement  of  his  Kingdom  ;    and  prays  that  God  mivht 
Jo  illuminate  them.,  as  that  they  might  embrace  his  Truth,  and  know 
his  Duty  to  his  poor  Subjeiis,  his  chofen  People. 

The  King's  Letter  is  dated  from  P^zm  the  17th  Day  of  fuly,  and 
the  Queen's  the  14th  :  The  Prior's  Anfwer  to  them  is  dated  at 
Dumbarton  ilth  Aiigujl.  Sometime  after  this  arrived  another 
French  Gentleman  [d),  called  Odavian,  with  4  Regiments  of  Sol- 
diers, and  a  great  deal  of  Money  :  Immediately  aker  he  was  fent 
back  again  to  France  to  the  Qiieen  and  her  Husband  with  Letters 
recjuiring  4  Regiments  more,  which,  with  what  were  already  in  Scot- 
land, would  make  10,  and  with  thefe  and  the  4  Ships  that  were 
lying  in  the  Road  of  Leith,  and  a  hundred  Plorfc,  the  Queen  Mo- 
ther allured  them,  that  fhe  doubted  not  to  reduce  all  tlie  Rebels  in 
Scotland  to  their  Duty :  In  the  fame  Letters  fhe  likewife  acquainted 
the  King,  that  fhc  was  certainly  informed,  that  the  Rebels  in  Scot- 
land had  a  fecret  Correfpondence  with  fome  of  his  Nobility  in 
France  who  favoured  the  Reformation,  and  who  promifed  as  much 
as  was  in  their  Power  to  obftrudl  the  fending  of  Supplies  from 
France,  and  that  likewife  they  had  wrot  to  the  Proteflant  Princes  of 
Germany,  and  the  King  of  Denmark  for  their  A/liftance,  but  that 
tiicir  gicateft  Hope  was  in  the  Qiieen  of  England.  Wiiich  Letters 
arc  in  the  Lawyers  Library,  amongft  thofe  given  in  by  the  Right 
Honourable,  the  Earl  otBalcarras. 

About  this  Time  the  Earl  oi  yirran,  Son  to  tiie  Duke  of  Chatcl- 
heraull  returned  from  France  thro'  England,    loaded  \vitli  Recom-  ^VZ^iVrl^i 
jncndations  from  Queen  Elizabeth,  to  the  Lords  of  the  Congrega-  slr'rv,^^";;^ 
tioii  :  This  young  Nobleman  had  made  his  Efcape  oin  of  France,  ^^'l*^*'^*- 

R  r  r  1  where 


2)1  The  Life  of  MARY,  Qjfeen  of  Scotland.  Vol.  f/[. 

A^iC  where  he  was  Capcain  of  the  Cf/// /i' c^rwf J.  Upon  this  Occafion 
''^^^^'*^  Kinc;  J-Icnry  of  France,  upon  the  17th  of  June  154^,  gave  a  I'ond 
to  the  Duke  of  Chatelheratilt  his  Father,  tlicn  Earl  of  ylrran,  obli- 
s^inqhimfclf,  that  in  Cafe  the  (^ucen  died  without  Heirs  of  Iicr  own 
Body,  and  that  any  Perfon  fhould  offer  to  interrupt  the  I-arl's  Suc- 
cellion  to  tlic  Crown  of  Scotland,  as  next  Heir  after  the  Queen's 
Dcccale,  then,  and  in  that  Cafe  he  fhould  fupport  and  affi/l  him 
againO;  all  Opj^ofers  whatfoever :  And  this  was  ratified  by  the  Kint^, 
and  his  Son  the  Dauphin  the  19th  of  y^pril  1558,  and  again  rati- 
fied by  the  Dauphin  and  Qiieen  Qy^ary  the  lafl  Day  of  yfpril  i  ^^)^. 
Puit  the  Qiicen,  fenfible  of  her  Error,  revoked  this  Entailment  of 
the  Crown  ;  but  what  did  aggravate  the  Matter  more,  was,  that  the 
Queen  made  no  Revocation  of  an  Entailment  that  fhe  had  made  of 
the  Crown  of  Scotland  to  the  Crown  of  France,  failing  Heirs  of  her 
own  Body  (a)  :  But  the  Truth  was,  that  fhe  thought  herfelf  under 
no  Obligation  to  revoke  that,  being  of  it  felf  null ;  for  it  was  extor- 
ted from  her  by  tiie  Court  of  France  when  a  Child,  and  witliouc 
the  Confent  of  any  of  her  Subjects  ;  thefe  Things  having  highly 
provoked  this  young  Nobleman  againfl  the  Queen's  Uncles,  by 
whofe  Advice  it  had  been  done,  he  appeal'd  the  Duke  of  Guife  to 
a  Combat,  upon  which  he  was  ordered  to  be  apprehended ;  but 
having  got  timeous  Advertifement,  he  m.ade  his  Efcape  to  Englandy 
where  he  was  joyfully  received,  and  highly  careffed  by  Queen  Elt- 
Zjabeth,  who  lent  him,  as  we  have  faid,  with  Letters  full  of  Love 
and  AfFedf  ion  to  her  beloved  Friends  the  LorHs  of  the  Congregati- 
on ;  and  having  come  to  Hamilton,  he  met  with  his  Father  the 
Hi.F.ther  Duke  of  Chatelheratilt,  and  acquainted  him  of  all  that  had  befallen 
c*«?;lbl^«/f  lii'ii  :  Upon  which  both  of  them  took  immediately  Poft  to  Stirling^ 
I'hVRebih?'  where  they  joined  the  Lords  of  the  Congregation,  delivered  them 
Queen  Eliz^nbetlh  Letters,  and  tells  them  of  the  Plot  of  the  Gmjes 
for  uniting  the  Crowns  of  Scotland  and  France,  in  cafe  the  Queen 
fhould  die  witiiout  Heirs  of  her  own  Body,  contrary  to  the  Acl:  of 
Parliament  in  Favours  of  their  Family.  Nothing  could  be  more 
acceptable  to  the  Lords  of  the  Congregation,  who  received  them 
with  Acclamations  of  Joy  :  Of  all  which  the  Earl  of  oArran  fent  a 
full  Account  to  Qiieen  EUz^abetlh  Secretary  in  a  Letter  (b),  dated 
the  firfl  of  September  1 559.  After  this  they  marched  flreight  to 
FFamilton,  from  whence  they  wrote  a  Letter  to  the  Queen  Mother, 
who  had  fortified  Leith,  wherein  they  complain  of  her  Proceedings 
in  that  Matter,  as  if  fhe  intended  to  keep  the  Country  under  a  ty- 
rannical Subjedf  ion  by  a  Colony  of  Strangers ;  therefore  they  ex- 
hort her  to  defift  from  the  fortifying  of  Leith,  otherwife  they  would 
TheyihfM-be  obliged  to  oppofe  her  Defigns  againfl  the  Common-Wealth. 
Ih^'ciu^o'T^^^'^  Letter  is  dated  from  Hamilton  the  lo  ot  September  the  fame 
Mother.  Ygar  (c),  and  fubfcribed  by  the  Duke  of  Chatelherault,  the  Earls  of 
Arran,  Ar^le,  GUncairn  and  Monteith,  the  Lords  Ruthven,  -Boyd 
and  Ochiltrie,  and  a  great  many  Barons  and  Gentlemen. 
At 

(«)  Vid.  Cull,  of  Orig.  Treic.  ubi  liifri.    {.b)  SgcMi,  Himillon'i  MS.  Obfeiyatioos  upon  Buchuiun.     (<)  IbiJ. 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  0/  MARY,  ^ccn  of  Scotland  15^ 

At  the  Came  Time  they  wrote  a  Letter  to  the  Lord  Erskine,  Go-  J^^^ 
vernour  of  the  Caftles  ot  Edinhr^h  and  Stirling,    defirinc  him  to  ^'^ 
join  with  tliem,  and  they  allured  him,  that  it  any  by  Violence  fhould  <i™  "' 
go  about  to  deprive  him  of  the  Government  of  thofe  two  important  Vo^d'sniX 
forts  ot  tiie  Nation,  they  (hould  not  be  wanting  in  ailifling  of  him-  '""'"•"• 
But  that  Nobleman  was  not  to  be  gained  by  fuch  Artifices,  for  he 
continued  flill  firm  to  his  Loyalty. 

The   Queeij  Mother  being  (enfible  how  much  the  Rebels  were 
ftrengthnedby  the  Defe(5lion  of  the  Duke  and  his  Son,  fhe  fent  Sir 
Robert  Carnegie  and  Mr.  David  Borthwick  with  a  Letter  of  Credit 
to  the  Duke,  and  they  endeavoured  all  they  could  to  reclaim  iiim  The  Queen 
and  his  Son  to  their  Duty,  by  promifing  them  all  Manner  of  Satif-  dlT»o","o 
fadlion,  and  fhowing  how  they  liad  no  Manner  of  Reafon  to  debate,  ^'ukelnVh* 
that  as  long  as  the  Queen  was  alive,   and  might  in  all  Probability  J""-  ''"'  '" 
have  Children  of  her  own  Body  :  And  as  for  their  fuggeftinc^  to  the 
People,  that  fhe  defigned  to  enflave  the  Nation,  nothing  could  be 
more  ridiculous;  for  did  not  the  Kingdom  already  belong  inRialit 
to  her  Daughter  and  her  Husband  the  King  of  France,  and  that  flie 
never  required  the  Adiftance  of  foreign  Forces  till  fuch  Time  as  they 
rofe  up  in  Rebellion  againft  lier,  and  entertained  a  League  with  the 
Englip,  the  ancient  Enemies  of  the  Kingdom  ;    fo  that  whatever 
Pretences  tliey  might  make,  it  was  plain  that  they  aimed  at  nothin<y 
but  the  Crown  :  But  all  this  was  in  vain,  for  the  Duke  and  his  Son 
were  inflexible. 

In  the  mean  Time  the  King  and  Queen  being  informed  of  the 
Troubles  that  were  raifed  in  Scotland  by  the  Reformers,  fent  over    th.  King 
to  Scotland  Mr.  de  Pelluce  Bifliop  of  Amiens,  and  afterwards  Cardinal  "L  %'" 
and  Arch-Bifhop  of  Sens,  and  three  Dodors  of  the  Sorbonne,    Dr.  bX'  'tf 
Furmer,    Dr.  Brochet  and  Dr.  Ferretier,    to  accommodate  Matters  .l"""^-  „""* 
amicably  with  them  :  The  Bifhop  came  in  Qiiality  of  Legate  from  "J  '*"  ■^•'- 
the  Pope,  with  Inftrudlions  from  Queen  ^yklary  and  her  Husband  "mnodlte* 
for  this  EfFedl,  as  it  appears  from  his  Inftru(ffions  flill  extant  in  the  toVpui-"* 
Lawyers  Library  at  Edinburgh  (a).     They  arrived  at  Leith  with  a  '^'"" 
Convoy  of  lOOO  Foot,  under  the  Command  of  Monfieur  le  Broche, 
but  they  were  fo  far  from  hearing  of  an  Accommodation,  that  they 
would  not  fo  much  as  meet  with  thefe  Do(flors ;  and  Things  were 
carried  to  fuch  Extremities  by  them,  that  fhe  was  obliged  to  declare 
them  Rebels :    And  on  the  other  Hand,    they  as  reprefenting  the 
Nobility  and  Commons  renounced  her  Authority  ;  and  in  a  Meeting, 
where  the  Lord  Ruthven  was  chofen  Prefes,  a  Alotion  was  made  for 
turning  her  out  of  the  Regency,    but  they  would  do  nothing  in  ir, 
till  they  had  confulted  with  their  Miniflcrs ;    and  they  accordingly 
having  met  with  them,  very  freely  gave   their   Opinions  that   fhe 
ought  to  be  turned  out  of  the  Regency,    as  a  Pcrfecutor  of  God's    Th.,  „. 
People  and  Church  :    Upon  which,  without  the  Authority  or  Con-  i1^"mo' 
fent  either  of  Queen   or  Parliament,    they  difcharged  her  of  her  Jhonly,^^ 
Regency  upon  the  iifl  Day  of  October  1559,  and  freed  themfelves  t{'\'i'l\[ 

S  ^  C  for  «"^'- 

{»)  Vid.  M/.Cxfrfutd'tColUa. 


154  ^^  L^f'  0/  MARY,  giueen  of  Scotland.  Vol.  \\\. 

aT^I^  for  the  Future  of  all  Obedience  to  her ;  and  ordered  that  this  their 
'^'^\^  A(ft  fhould  be  publiOied  at  all  the  Head  Burghs  of  the  Kingdom  -. 
The  Copy  of  which  {a)  is  (till  extant  in  the  Lawyers  Library  at 
Edinburgh.  Tlie  War  being  thus  declared  betwixt  them,  the  Lords 
of  the  Congregation  were  very  much  flraitned  for  Money,  where- 
upon it  was  relolved,  that  every  Nobleman  fhould  give  in  his  Silver 
Plate  to  be  coin'd  at  the  Mint-Houfe  ;  but  John  Hart  having  fecured 
rhe  Irons  of  the  Mint-Houfe  for  her  Majefty's  Ufe,  their  only  Hope 
of  Relief  was  from  England;  and  bccaufe  they  thought  it  would  be 
too  loiTT  Time  to  wait  an  Anfwer  from  the  Court  of  England^  they 
lent  Sir  /o/;«  Cockhurn  oi  Ormijloun  to  borrow  4000  Crowns  from 
Sir  Rahi)  Saddler  and  Sir  James  Crofts^  Governours  of  Berwick. 

This  Pro)e(fl  of  theirs  was  not  kept  fb  fccret,  but  it  came  to  the 

Qiieen's  Ears,  who  employed  the  Earl  o^ Bothivell  to  way-lay  him 

in  his  return  from  Berwick ;  and  he  was  fo  fucccfsful,  that  he  got 

The  E»ri  ji^g  whole  Mouey,  and  brought  it  to  the  Queen  ;  but  the  Rebels  on 

i.ku  from  the  other  Hand  fupplied  thcmfelves  by  plundering  the  Churches, 

♦oUcroVns!  the  Houfes  and  Eftares  of  the  Loyalifts. 

The  Qiiecn  Mother  having  fent  over  to  France  for  further  Aid 

and  AfTiflance,  the  King  and  Queen  fent  over  the  Marquis  ^'fZ/ifw/" 

and  Count  A^jrtiques,    a  young  Nobleman  of  known  Valour  and 

Experience,  with  (ome  i'ew  Forces  with  them  :  But  after  they  had 

embark'd  at  Diep,  by  a  violent  Storm  of  Wind,    they  were  difper- 

fed  and  driven  back  to  France,  with  the  Lofs  of   1 8  Enfigns,   caft 

away  upon  the  Coafl  oi  Holland  ;  but  in  the  Month  oi  No'vember^ 

ThcQutenthe  Couut  dc  <*^artiqiies  arrived  with  a  Thoufand  F(?rfrrt«  Troops. 

fupti.«w    The  War  daily  encreafing  in  Scotland,  the  Rebels  afllfted  by  Eng- 

Si^iund.      i^^^  jpj  -^Qyy  j^pj  Money,  and  the  King  of  France  not  being  able 

to  fupply   the  Queen   Regent,    he   fent  Count  Randon  and  Mr. 

cy'ldonliic  Bifhop   of  Valence,    AmbafFadors  to  Queen  Eltz^abeth, 

The  King  of  to  mediate  a   Peace  betwixt  the  Lords  of  the  Congregation  and 

F"m.  pto-  jj^g  Queen  Recent  ;    it  being  below  him  to   treat  with  his  Rebel 

.con  by  CLSubje(5ls,  and  Queen  hltZjabeth  not  being  willing  to  make  an  open 

urhtch'it  »•  Rupture  with  the  King  of  France;  it  was  agfeed,  That  Sir  William 

greed  to.    ^^^^^  Principal  Secretary  of  State  for  England,    and  Do(ftor  Wotton 

Dean  of  Canterbury  and  Tork,    fhould  accompany  the  two  French 

Ambaffadors  to  Scotland,    to  mediate  an  Agreement  betwixt  the 

Queen  Regent  and  the  Congregation ;   but  whilfl:  they  were  upon 

their  Journey,  the  Queen  Mother  died  of  Grief  in  the  Caftle  of 

Edinburgh,  upon  the  loth  oi  June  1560. 

Before  her  Death,  fhe  fent  for  the  Duke  of  Chattleherault,  the 
The  Qu«"  Earls  of  aArgyle,  Glencairn  and  o^arijhal  and  the  Prior  of  St. 
h'e°r'''Blh.v*?-  Andrews  ;  to  whom  fhe  told,  Tloat  now  Jhe  was  going  to  give  an 
D/.tk  ^^laAccount  of  all  her  Anions  to  the  King  of  Kings  and  Judge  of  the 
cb,r»aer.  ^^^^^^  Wortd ;  to  whom  Jhe  appealed  for  the  Vprightnefs  of  her  Inten- 
tions toxvards  the  Realm  of  Dcotlancl,  and  that  fhe  was  very  far  from 
defigning  to  fubjedi  them  to  the  Realm  of  France,    that  Jhe  nozv  zvith 

her 


C«)  Ubi  fupn. 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  of  MAK  Y,  Queen  of  Scotland.  155 

her  dying  Breath,    recommended  to  them  to  mantatn  their  ancient  S'C^ 
League  with  the  Frencli,    againjl  their  inveterate  Enemies  the  Hng-  ^^v*>^ 
lifli;  to  continue  firm  in  their  Lojalty  to  her  Daughter,  their  mdoubted 
Trinccfs  and  ^[ueen,    and  that  jhe  wifiid  to  Cod,    that  they  might 
not  enjlave  themjehes  under  the  pretence  of  fupporting  their  Liber- 
ties, by  bringing  in  foreign  Forces  upon  them,     for  which  Reafon  fhe 
advijed  them   to   expel  voth  Englifh  and  French  out  of  their  Do- 
minions, then  taking  God  to  Witnefs,    about  the  fincerity  of  alt  her 
Defigns,   fije  burfi  forth  in  Tears,    and  asking  pardon  of  all  whom 
fhe  had  any  way  offended,    and  forgi-ving  every  one  that  had  offended 
her,  Jhefaluted  and  embraced  the  Nobility  with  a  Ktjs,  arfato  thofe 
of  the  inferior  Rank  that  food  by,  f)e  gave  her  Hand  to,  and  depar- 
ted in  Peace. 

This  Lady  was  a  Princefs  endued  with  many  admirable  Qualities, 
bein^  a  Woman  of  great  Prudence,  a  great  Lover  of  Juftice,  a 
Motner  to  the  Poor,  efpecially  to  thofe  that  fhe  knew  to  be  Indi- 
gent, but  for  ftiame  could  not  beg  ;  compafTionate  to  all  Women 
in  Travel,  whom  fhe  did  often  pcrfonally  vifit,  and  help  both  with 
her  Skill  and  Counfel,  being  well  feen  in  Midwifery  ;  in  her  Court 
nothing  was  to  be  be  feen,  that  in  the  leafl  Teemed  to  encourage 
Profanity  or  Vice ;  thofe  that  were  about  her  being  conflantly  em- 
ployed in  fome  vertuous  Adlion  or  other,  and  fhe  her  felf  was  a 
Pattern  of  Vcrtue  to  them  all.  And  as  for  her  Prudence  in  mana- 
ging of  publick  Affeirs,  fhe  gave  many  Proofs  of  it,  in  quelling 
feveral  Tumults  in  the  North,  and  pacifying  the  Infuireiftions  in 
the  Ifles.  The  Troubles  which  happened  in  the  Kingdom  towards 
the  latter  end  of  her  Days,  were  more  owing  to  a  Spirit  of  Rebel- 
lion and  Fa(5tion,  than  to  her  Mifmanagement,  fhe  being  obliged 
to  follow  the  Direcftions  of  tiie  Court  of  France;  for  fhe  was  often 
heard  to  fay,  That  if  her  own  Opinion  had  beenfollowed,  Jhe  doubted 
not  but  pe  would  have  put  of  op  to  all  thefe  Troubles,  and  fettled 
the  Kingdom  in  a  perfect  Tranc^uillity.  Before  fhe  died,  fhe  fenc 
over  to  her  Daughter,  our  Queen,  a  Book  which  fhe  had  wrote 
her  felf,  containing  the  Charaders  of  all  the  Nobility  and  Officers 
of  State;  by  which  fhe  might  know  their  feveral  Inclinations  and 
Difpofitions,  and  who  were  her  Enemies,  and  who  were  her  Friends. 
I  have  {^^\\  a  great  Number  of  Letters  of  this  Queen's,  wrote  in 
Cypher,  with  the  Key  to  them,  in  the  Lawyers  Library  at  Edin- 
l/urgh,  given  by  the  Earl  of  Balcarras,  dircdled  to  the  King  of 
France,  the  Cardinal  of  Lorain  and  the  Duke  ofGuife.  By  her  own 
Order  her  Body  was  carried  to  the  Abbay  of  Rhcims  in  Cham- 
paigne,  where  her  Sifter  was  Abbefs,  and  there  fhe  lies  intcrr'd  un- 
der a  Marble  Monument. 

J^ow  much  the  Nation  was  at  a  Lofs  by  her  Death,  quickly  ap- 
peard;  for  it  was  no  fooner  known  of,  but  liie  whole  Nation  was  f,7,*'^''''"'"- 
in  Confufion  :  For  the  Earls  of  <!y4t  hoi  and  Hunt  ly,  by  their  Feuds '"'''•  i^^- 
and  Animofitics  kccpt  the  whole  North  in  an  Uproar,  and  thcCcn-'^'OMJr" 
gregation  plundereu,   burnt  and  dcftroyed  the  Palaces  of  the  Bi- 

Sffi  ihops 


156  The  Life  0/  MARY,  ^lueen  o/"  Scotland.  Vol.  J/[. 

'^-y"^^    fhops  of  Z>«"^f/^,  Dunblane  and  7?o/>,   and  the  noble  Monaflcrie^ 
v^V^    of  Dtinfermlin^,  Melrofs  and  /<r<r//b.  In  the  mean  Time,  the  French 
and  Englifh  Ambad'adors  coming  to  Edinburgh,   after  fcvcral  J)c- 
bates  with  the  Lords  of  the  Congregation,  a  Teacc  was  concluded 
.  on  the  following  Terms  [a). 
contiudVx"       "  That  the  French  that  were  in  the  Town  of  Leithy    fhould  be 
"  fent  Home  in   the  Englifh  Ships,    they  giving  Pledges  for  their 
"  fafe  Return;    Tb.at  the  Fortifications  of  Lf/W?  and  Z)««W  fhou  Id 
"  be  demoliOied  ;  That  no  new  Fort  fhould  be  built,    or  old  ones 
"  augmented  or  repaired,  either  by  King  or  Queen,  without  Con- 
"  (cnt  of  Parliament;  Tliat  a  Garrifon  of  60  French  Men  fhould  be 
"  permitted  to  remain  in  the  Caflle  of  'Dunbar,    and  as  many  in 
"  Jnchkeith,  till  the  Parliament  fhould  find  means  to  maintain  them; 
"  and  in  the  mean  Time,  that  thefe  Garrifons  fhould  live  in  Obe- 
"  dience  to  tlie  Laws  of  the  Realm,    not  taking  any  Thing  from 
"  the  Subjects,    without  paying  of  ready  Money  for  it  ;    That  an 
*'  A(5l  of  Oblivion  fhould  be  made,   abolifhing  of  all  Injuries  com- 
"  mitted   a^ainfl:  the  Laws  of  the  Realm,     fince  the  6th  Day  of 
"  <*March  f558,.till  thfe  ifl  of  Jaguft  1560.     Which  A(5l  fhould 
"  be  ratify 'd  in  the  next  Parliament,  and  confirmed  by  the  Queen, 
"  with  Confent  of  her  Husband  ;    That  all  the  Queen's  Subje(5ts, 
"  whether  of  the  Congregation  or  not,   fhould  be  obliged  to  live 
*'  in  Peace  with  one  another,  and  nor  to  refent  any  Thing  that  had 
"  been  done  fince  the  6th  of  o^arch  1 558  ;  That  neither  the  King 
"  nor  Queen  fhould  revenge  themfelves  upon  any  of  tiieir  Subjedls, 
"  for  what  they  have  done  fince  the  faid  6th  Day  of  March,  and 
"  that  the  Duke  of  Chattleherault  and  all  other  Noblemen  of  Scot- 
♦'  land,  fhould  be  re-poffefled  in  their  Livings  and  Benefices  wirhin 
"  France,    and  that  all   former  Capitulations  fhould  be  obfcrved ; 
"  That  all  Bifhops,  Abbots  and  other  Church  Men  of  the  Romijh 
"  Perfwafion,    that  have  received  any  Injuries  either  in  Perfbn  or 
"  Goods,  the  fame  fhould  be  confidered  by  the  Parliament,    and 
♦'  Redref^  made  according  to  Reafon,  and  that  in  the  mean  Time, 
*'  no  Man  fhould  fVop  them  in  the  uplifting  of  their  Rents,  nor  do 
"  any  Hurt  or  Violence  to  their  Perfons,  and  if  any  fhould  be  guil- 
"  ty  of  breaking  this  Article,  they  fhould  be  purfued  by  the  Lords 
"  of  the  Jufliciary,    as  Difturbers  of  the  Peace  of  the  Common- 
*'  Wealth  ;  That  in  Time  coming,  the  King  and  Queen  fhould  not 
*'  depute  any  Stranger  in  the  Adminiflration  of  civil  and  common 
"  Juflice,  nor  beflow  any  of  the  Offices  of  State  upon  them ;  as  like- 
"  wife,  that  no  Church  Man  fliould  be  either  Treafurer  or  Compt- 
''  roller,  or  any  other  Perfon  not  duely  qualified  for  the  fame ;  And 
"  further,  that  the  Treafurer  and  Comptroller  appointed  by  them, 
"  and  infirudted  with  fufficient  Commiflion,    fhoiild  do   nothing  in 
♦'  difpofing  of  Cafualities  without  the  Confent  of  the  Council.  But 
«  by  all  this  they  did  not  bind  up  the  King  and  Queen  fo,  but  that 
«  they  might  do  what  they  pleated.     That  a  Parliament  called  by 


tne 


(«)  spotrwoud  Lib.  }■  r>e.  >47 


Vol>  HI. The  Ltfe  of  MAKY,  ^een  of  Scotland.  1 57 

'*  the  (;^ueen,  and  King  her  Husband,  fhould  fit  in  the  Month  of^^^^ 
*'  yltigufi,  and  that  none  by  Tumults  fhould  be  hindred  from  fitting,  w»v^ 
"  wlio  by  their  Places  ought  to  be  prefcnt :  That  for  the  better  Go- 
"  vcrnmcnt  of  the  Realm,  choice  fhould  be   made  of  a  Council, 
*'  which  fliould  confifl  of  il  worthy  Men  of  the  Kingdom,  of  whicli 
"  Number  the  Queen  fhould  choofe  7,  and  the  Parfiament  5,  which 
"  12,    in  her  Majefty's  Abfence,    fhould  have  the  whole  Govern- 
"  mcnt  in    their  Hands,    and   without   their   Advice  and  Confent, 
"  nothing  fhould  be  done;  That  the  King  or  Queen  fhould  not  make 
*'  Peace  or  War,    without  the  Advice  and  Confent  of  Parliament ; 
"  That  all  Noblemen  fhould  live  quietly  and  peaceably  as  dutiful 
*'  Subjerts;  neither  rifing  in  Arms  themfelves,  nor  affifting  odiers, 
"  and  more  efpecially,  tJiat  they  fhould  invite  no  Strangers  to  the 
"  Realm  ;    That  Lord  David  Son  to  the  Duke  of  Chattleheraiilt, 
"  detained  Prifoner  at  Bois  de  Vincennesy    fhould  be  fet  at  Liberty, 
"  and  fufFcred  to  return  to  Scotland  ;    That  with  the  French  Men, 
"  no  Artillery   fhould  be  tranfported  out  of  the  Realm,    but  thofe 
"  that  were  lent  and  brought  in  fince  the  Death  oi  Francis  the  firft 
'•  King  of  France,    and   that  all  other  Artillerv  and  Ammunition, 
"  efpecially  that  which  hath  the  Arms  of  Scotland,   fhould  be  put 
"  in  tlie  Places  out  of  which  they  were  taken  ;     That  the  Army  of* 
"  England  fhould  return  Home,    immediately  after  embarking    of 
''  the  French,    and  that  all  the  Scots  Forces  fhould  be  broken.    And 
"  Lrr/?/)',  That  the  Queen  and  her  Husband  fhould  not  take  upon 
"  ihem  after  this,  the  Titles  of  England  and  Ireland ;  and  that  they 
"  fhould  delete  tlie  Arms  oi  England  and  Ireland,  out  of  their  whole 
"Houfhold  Stuff- 
As   to  what  concerned   Religion,    the  AmbafTadors  would  noc 
meddle  with  it,    referring  that  entirely  to    their    Majeflys,      This 
Treaty  being  flgn'd  by  both  Parties,  the  French  embarked  upon  the 
1 6  Day  of  July  1 560,  and  the  fame  Day  the  Englip)  Army  marched 
towards  Benvick,    with  the  Bifhop  of  Amiens  and  Mr.  la  Broche^ 
who  remained  Hoftages  in  England^    till  the  Ships  returned  from 
Irance. 

The  Time  appointed  for  the  meeting  of  the  Parliament  approach- 
ing, tlie  Lords  of  the  Congregation  ifl'ued  out  a  Proclamation  for 
that  Effecff,  without  acquainting  the  King  or  Queen,  and  having 
met  upon  the  appointed  Day,  great  Debates  arofe  amongfl  them, 
concerning  the  Legality  of  their  meeting,  fince  their  Sovereigns 
had  fent  no  CommiiTion,  nor  authorized  any  to  reprefent  their  Per- 
fons  :  But  by  a  Plurality  of  Votes,  it  was  carried,  that  they  were 
fUfliciently  authorized  to  fit  by  the  late  Treaty  they  had  made  with 
the  French  and  EngUpj  AmbafTadors ;  but  becaufe  they  had  no 
Comminioncr  appointed  by  the  King  or  Queen,  the  accuflomed 
Solemnities  of  carrying  the  Crown,  Scepter  and  Sword  were  omit- 
ted. Of  the  Spiritual  Eflate  were  prefent,  the  Archbifhop  of  St. 
yfndrews,  the  Bifhops  of  Dankeld,  T>unblane,  Galloway,  Jrgyle 
and  tiie  Jjles^    the  Prior  ot  Si.  yindrews,    the  Abbots  of  Cowparf 

T  t  c  LindorcSf 


All.  ijt;. 


I 


2 58  17;?  Life  of  MARY,  Qjfeerj  of  Scotland Vol.  III. 

Lindores,  Cnlrojs,  St.  Colm's  Inch,  Nevjbottle,  Holy-Rood-HonJe,  Km- 
Ms  Veer  and  Nezo-u4hbay^  with  the  Priors  of  Coldin^harnt  and  St. 
d^ary  Ip-  ^^  ^'^^  Nobility  were  prefent,  the  Duke  of  ChattU' 
herjult,  the  Earls  of  Jrrariy  yirgyle,  e^ari/hat,  Cajjils,  Catthrnjs, 
Jtholy  Glencairn,  Morton  and  Rothes,  the  Lords  Riithven,  GlarmSy 
ErsUne,  Boyd,  Oclnltrie,  Carltfle,  Livingfton,  Ogilvy  and  Somer- 
njile,  with  a  great  many  Barons  and  Burncdcs  [a).  In  this  Parlia- 
ment, they  abolifhed  the  Popifli  Religion,  and  eftablifhed  the  Pro 
teftant  and  made  a  Confedion  of  their  Faith  and  Dodhine;  whici 
was  afterwards  ratify 'd  in  the  firft  Parliament  of  King  Jawes  the 
6th.  The  Rebellious  Treaty  betwixt  the  Duke  of  Northfolk  and 
the  Duke  of  Chattleheranlt  was  approven  of,  and  the  Earls  oi Mor- 
ton and  Glencairn,  with  young  Lithington,  were  fent  to  England, 
with  a  Propolal  of  Marriage  betwixt  Queen  EliZjaheth  and  the  Earl 
of  Arran  and  to  return  their  Thnnks  for  tiie  AllKbncc  (he  had 
given  them  a'^ainfl  the  French.  And  they  fent  Sir  James  Sandi- 
lands  Knight  of  Rhodes,  with  the  Adl:sof  this  Parliament  to  France, 
and  to  endeavour  to  get  the  King  and  Queen's  Approbation  of 
them.  Sir  James  arrived  fafely  in  France,  and  got  Audience  of 
their  Majeftys ;  but  was  feverel^^  reproved,  for  having  undertaken 
The  King  jq  delivct  a  Commillion  from*  a  parcel  of  Rebels  to  his  native 
"fuf.^'M".  Prince,  and  that  being  a  Knight  of  Rhodes,  and  fworn  to  proted: 
ofV«fi.^^'  the  Romilh  Religion,  a^ainll  all  the  Oppofers  of  it;  he  fhould  now 
""'■  follicite  {b)  for  e'ftablifhing  the  execrable  Herefy  of  the  Cahinijis. 
And  in  Truth  it  was  no  Wonder  that  their  Majeflys  were  incenfed 
againft  them,  fince  they  had  not  only  called  the  Parliament  with- 
out their  Autiiority,  or  acquainting  of  them  :  But  likewife  appro- 
ved of  their  rebellious  Proceedings  againft  them.  When  Sir  James 
returned  to  Scotland,  and  acquainted  the  Congregation  of  his  Re- 
ception J  it  is  not  to  be  imagined  wiiat  Confternation  they  were  inf 
For  they  thought,  that  if  the  Queen  fhould  declare  them  Rebels, 
for  aainfT  in  aTParliamentary  Way,  without  her  Authority,  and  rliac 
if  the  Queen  oi England  Oiould  be  prevailed  upon  not  to  aflift  them, 
they  might  by  theif  French  Subjedfs,  and  fuch  of  the  Loyalifts  as 
were  in  Scotland,  eafily  reduce  them  :  But  to  their  great  Comfort, 
the  Queen  o(  England  returned  them  fuch  an  Anfwer,  as  gave  them 
Hopes,  that  if  they  once  more  fhould  rebel  againfl  their  Sovereign, 
JJii^fc^ncoa-  they  might  expecft  her  AfTiflance  :  For  fhe  told  them,  That 
L'f,".'of .he  ( c )  [he  was  very  glad  to  perceive  her  good  Will  and  Charges, 
*^""«nlw  (they  are  her  own  Words)  jo  well  befowed,  as  to  fee  the  fame  thank- 
'"'^^' fully  accepted  of  and  acknowledged,  wtth  which  fhe  doth  fo  fat tsfy  her 
fe'f,  as  if  at  any  Time  the  like  Caufe  Jhotild  happen,  wherein  Inr 
Friendship  or  Aid  /hall  or  may  profit  them,  and  for  their  jufi  De- 
fence, the  fame  pall  not  be  loanting.  And  as  to  the  Marriage  be- 
twixt her  and  the  Earl  of  Arran,  fhe  cannot  interpret  that  <*^dotm 
to  come  from  them,  but  with  a  good  meaning  of  the  States  of  Pari i- 

arnent^ 


Congregit 
on  10  cene 
their  Kebcl 
lien. 


l»)  SpoiC  Lib.  }.  P.  149.    W  Ibid  P.  ijo.    (0  Mr.  Hirn.UoQS Obfenr«tioii»  upon  Bucb.o. 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  0/  MARY,  Queen  of  Scotland. 


timcnt,  as  tending  to  unite  the  two  Kmgdoms^  both  now  and  aftcr-'^f^ 
iiiards,  in  a  perpetml  (t^mity,  by  offering  her  the  bejl  and  noble fl^-^^\/^ 
Per  [on  of  their  Nation  ;  and  that  not  without  Jome  Danger  of  Dif- 
pleafure  of  the  Frencli  ICtng  in  Jo  doing  :  But  finding  her  fetf  not 
difpofed  to  marry,  altho  it  may  be,  that  the  Necejjtty  and  Rejve6i  of 
her  Realm  pall  thereto  hereafter  confrain  her ;  yet  fhe  wifHd  that  the 
Earl  of  Arran,  Jhould  not  forbear  to  accept  in  the  mean  Time,  of 
whatever  Q^arriage  may  be  made  unto  htm,  for  his  own  Vtility  and 
Security  ;  and  that  all  other  Means  Jhould  be  ufed  for  the  Continu- 
ance of  the  oAmity  betwixt  the  two  Kingdoms. 

Tho'  the  Lords  of  the  Congregation  were  verv  well  fatisfieJ 
with  tliis  Anfwer  of  Queen  Eliz^abeth's,  yet  the  Earl  of  y^rran  \\'a.s 
not,  iot  Blackwood  {a)  tells  us,  That  wlien  this  young  Nobleman 
was  Commander  of  the  Gens  d'  aArmes  in  France,  he  had  a  fecret 
Promife  of  Marriage  from  her,  providing  that  lie  would  join  the 
Troteftants  in  Irance,  and  in  his  own  Country ;  and  therefore,  re- 
lying upon  her  Promife,  he  moved  that  the  Parliament  fhould  Ad- 
drefs  her  once  more,  which  they  accordingly  did :  But  as  Blackwood 
obferves,  flie  made  very  good  ufe  of  fuch  Promifes,  for  whenever 
fhe  had  any  Intrigue  to  manage,  fhe^,  made  an  Offer  of  her  felf  to 
fbme  Prince  or  other,  who  could  be*  ferviceable  to  her,  and  thus 
in  the  Courfe  of  her  Reign  fhe  baulked  ten  of  them. 

But  that  which  crown'd  all  the  Joys  and  Hopes  of  the  Lords  of 
the  Congregation,    was  the  Death  of  the  King,    who  died  of  an  j^^*  *""« 
Impofthume  in  his  Ear,  in  the  i8th  Year  of  his  Age,  after  a  Reign 
of  fix  Months ;  all  France  did  groan  under  this  Lofs,  by  Reafon  of 
the  excellent  Inclination  of  that  Prince  ;    but  the  Queen  was  fo 
deeply  concerned  with  the  Impreffion  that  it  made  upon  her,  that 
fhe  refolved  to  facrifice  the  refl:  of  her  Days,    to  the  Afhes  of  her 
Husband ;   but  her  two  Uncles  difwaded  her  from  this,  and  ear- 
neflly  prefTed,  tliat  fhe  fhould  return  to  Scotland  with  a  good  Ar- 
my, wliich  they  would  raife  for  her  j  they  then  having  tlie  Govern- 
ment of  France  in  their  Hands.     Queen  EUz^abeth  having  got  No- 
tice of  this  by  her  AmbafTador  in  France,    fent  an  Exprefs  to  the 
Lords  of  the  Congregation,  to  acquaint  them  of  it,    and  to  advife 
them  to  fend  over  to  France  one  of  their  Number  to  difwade  her 
from  (uch  an  Entcrprize,   undet  Pretence  of  condoling  the  Death 
of  her  Husband.     Upon  this,  the  Lords  of  the  Congregation  im- 
mediately met  at  Edinburgh,  and  fent  over  tlie  Prior  of  St.  yindrewif  ^^f^^'  ^'jj; 
the  Queen's  baflard  Brother.     On  the  other  Hand,    the  Lords  of^'^^-ijij^ 
the  Roman-Cathohck  Pcrfwafion,    being  advertifed  of  the  Defign  q.««j'!  ^«o 
of  the  Conp,regation,  they  met,  and  fent  over  Dr.  Lefly,  afterwards  i^"h  of  h.* 
liifhop  of  Rojs,  from  them.  The  Bifhop,   as  he  tells  us  himfelf  {b),  ""*''"  ' 
made  quicker  Difpatch  than  tiic  Prior  did,    and  found  the  QoeeHiiAoJ  <h<M- 
SLtyttne  m  Champaigne,  upon  the  XVIII.  of  the  Calends  of  e^ayu^avLKt 
1561,  where  he  prcfcnted  his  Letter  of  Credence  to  luer,  fubfcnbed  j;^"^  ^''*- 
by  the  Archbifhop  of  Sc  .Andretvsy  the  Bifhops  of  oAbtfdeeftt  M»r- 

T  t  t  1  ray 


(«)  M*«tx»  it  Y  Kofn.  i-  Ixcofte  P.  4«.     (i)  Lib.  10.  P«|.  J7J. 


l6o  The  Life  of  MARY,  Qjuen  of  Scotland.  Vol.  Ill 


■■^-^^*^     ra)  and  Rojs,  the  Earls  of  Hmtly,  Athol,  Crawfoord,    Sutherland 
yN/iy'    and  Ctiihucfs.     Tlic  Subftancc  ot  his  Comminion  was,  "  TJiat  fhc 


^^\^^     and  C.iithricjs. 

"  fhoiild  'J,ive  no  Credit  to  the  Prior,    who  aCpircd  at  nothin'j;  lefs 
mimnns?.nd  "  than  thc  Crown ;    That  flic  (hoiild  detain  him  in  Frcwcc  till  her 
Anfa^T'  '•  Aflairs  in  Scotland  were  fully  fettled,    and  that  her  beft  Method 
iiiemboih.  ,t  £^^.  j^.{^Qi.i,ig  tiic  Catholick  Religion,  and  fecuring  h.cr  fclf  upon 
"  thc  Throne,  was  to  land  at  aAberdec^i,  where  flic  would  be  honou- 
"  rably  received  by  the  Earl  o( Huntly,    who  had  fent  James  Cttllen 
"  a  Relation  of  his,  well  fecn  in  Maritime  Affairs,  to  conduift  her 
"  and  her  Fleet  fafely  there  ".    To  this  the  Qiieen  reply'd.  That  the 
Prelates  and  Noblcnicn  Is  whom  he  was  employ  d,  might  ajjure  thcm- 
Jches  of  her  favour,  and  defird  him  to  xvrtte  to  them  Jo ;    but  that  he 
himfclf  fhonld  Jlay  and  attend  her.,    till  Juch  Time  as  flK  return- 
ed. 

The  Prior,  upon  his  Arrival,  hearing, what  had  part  betwixt  her 
and  the  Bifliop,    did  not  in  the  leaft  feeni  to  notice  it  ;    but  told 
her  Majcfty,  "  That  nothing  was  more  longed  for,  by  her  loyal  and 
"  aflcd^ionatc  Subjcifls  of  the  Congregation,  who  had  fcnt  him  with 
"  a  Profler  of  their  Duty  to  herj  than  her  Return  to  Scotland;  and 
"  whereas  he  was  informed,  tint  fhe  dcfigned'  to  return  with  an  Ar- 
"  my,  there  could  be  nothing  more  difobliging  to  her  Subjedls,  who 
"  at  thc  very  fight  of  her,  would  fubmit  themfelves  with  the  out- 
"  moft  Chearfulnefs  and  Alacrity,    to  whatfoever  fhe  could  defirc 
"  of  them  ;  befides,  that  it  would  be  a  ncedlefs  Expcnce  brought 
"  upon  her  fclf  and  the  Nation  ".  In  one  ^ oid  Cays  Blackzvood  (a), 
he  preached  fb  well,  that  fhe  believed  him ;  as  it  very  often  hap- 
pens to  Princci,  who,  by  I  do  not  know  what  Dcfliny,    are  credu- 
lous to  their  own  Dcftru(5lion,  and  are  eafily  perfwaded  to  believe 
any  Thing  that  has  the  Profpcifl  offaving  them  Expenfes. 
TheFrmi      In  the  mean  Time,  one  Noallius  Senator  of  Bourdeaux,  was  fent 
t&t-'inj  Amballiidor  from  the  Irench  King,    to  renew  the  ancient  League 
L^fle.      betwixt  the  two  Nations,  and  to  reflore  the  depriv'd  Clergy  ot  the 
Romifli  Pcrfwafion,    to  their  former  Places ;    both  which  were  de- 
ny'd. 

The  Queen  being  feized  witli  a  Tertian  ^£ue,    was  obliged  to 
ftay  for  fome  Months  at  Janville,    and  towards  the  latter  End  of 
June,  fhe  came  to  Paris,  where  Francis  Earl  of  Bedford,    whom 
Queen  Eliz>abeth  had  fent  over  to  condole  the  Deatli  of  her  Hus- 
band, waited  upon  her:  and  after  his  Compl(jment  of  Condolence 
was  over,    he  dcfired,    that  fhe  might  ratify  the  Treaty  at  Leith. 
Having  returned  her  Thanks  to  her  Siflcr  ;  fhe  told  him,  That  for 
ratifying  the  Treaty  at  Leith,  fhe  could  not  do  it,    till  fhe  returned 
The  Qa«n  ^^  j^^^  ^^^^^  Country,  and  confulted  with  her  Parliament.  h-\  the  mean 
'"""'°E/'°  Tin1c,  fhe  fent  over  to  England,  Monfieur  d  Oyjjel,  with  her  Return 
x^,Vi."defir-  of  Thanks,  and  to  require  a  fafe  Condudt.     The  AmbafTador  ha- 
clJoa'but  ving  waited  upon  Queen  Eliz>abeth,  when  he  came  to  the  deman- 
"  '"^''^"''    ding  of  a  fafe  Condudt  for  his  Miflrifs,    and  a  Pafs  for  himfelf  to 

Scotland  y 

(<•)  Ubl  fupn. 


Vol-  III.  The  Life  of  MAKY,  ^een  of  Scotland.  kJi 


ryy\,y> 


Scotland;  (he  fell  in  a  great  Paflion  (a)  before  a  Number  of  People;  -^^^^ 
and  faid,    That  fie  never  expeded^  Friend fiip  from  the  Queen  of'^i^ 
Scots,  Jince  fie  had  refufed  to  ratify  the  Treaty  at  Leitli.    The  Am- 
bafllidor  having  acquainted  his  Miftris  the  Queen  of  Scotland  of 
this,  flic  fcnt  for  Nicolas  Tloro^morton  the  £«^///Z>  Ambadador,  and 
commanding  all  her  Atendants  to  retire ;  ihc  told  him,  as  we  have 
it  from  Throgmortoris  Letters  (^),  That  whatever  Weaknefs  fhe  miqht  "J^'Q-"""*' 
he  guilty  of  fiie  did  not  defire  to  have  fo  many  Witnejfes  ofit^  as  his  ^'"^'A"■ 
Clftecn  of  late  had,    when  Jhe  talked  with  her  oAmbajjador  :    aAnd  «*hu' oc'cfi" 
now  I  maft  tell  yon,    That  nothing  grieves  me  more,     than  that  I  '"* 
fiould  have  defired  a  Thing  of  her,  that  J  food  in  no  need  of;  find 
I  can  by  God's  BleJJing  return  to  my  own  Country,  without  her  Leave ^ 
as  I  came  hither  againfi  the  will  of  her  Brother  King  Edward  :  But 
J  was  willing  to  try  her  friendfiip,    hecaufe  you  have  often  told  me. 
That  it  was  for  both  our  ^Advantages,   to  live  in  Frtendfiip  toge^ 
ther ;  but  it  leems,   fie  efteimeth  the  Friend fiip  of  my  rebellious  Sub- 
je6ls  better  than  mine,  a  Thing  unworthy  of  her.     I  do  no  not  meddle 
in  her  oAffairs,  and  I  thinkfie  ought  to  do  as  little  in  mine,  neither 
am  I  inferior  to  her  in  any  Thing ;  but  Compartfons  are  odious.    And 
as  to  the  ratifying  the  Treatj  at  Leith,     //  it  was  not  done  during 
my  Husband's  Time,    it  was  his  Fadt,  none  of  mine ;   for  I  always 
thought  it  my  Duty  to  comply  with  whatever  he  defired,    and  find 
his  Death,  J  have  not  had  the  Occafion  to  confult  my  Friends  in  Scot- 
land, whom  I  am  refolved  not  to  dijoblige,  and  I  would  gladly  know 
from  you,  w^at  can  be  the  emotive  of  your  Glueen'e  treating  me  at 
this  Rate.     To  this  the  AmbaiTador  anfwered,  Madam,  I  have  no 
Commijjion  to  your  <iMa]efiy,    but  for  the  Ratification  of  the  Treaty 
at  Leith ;  but  if  you  would  have  my  Opinion  of  the  Caufe  of  all  this^ 
I  will  give  it  you  as  a  Gentleman;  but  not  as  her  AmbaJ]ador,  when 
fie  came  to  the  Throne,  you  ufurped  her  Arms  and  Titles,    which  you 
did  not  do  in  ^j*een  Mary's  Time,  and  nothing  could  be  more  offen- 
five  than  that  was.     To  tliis   the  Queen  reply *d,    a^y  Father  in 
Law,  and  Husband  were  then  both  of  them  alive,  and  they  comman- 
ded me  to  do  Jo,  and  it  was  my  Duty  to  obey  them  ;    but  fince  I  had 
my  own  Liberty,  I  have  neither  ufed  her  Arms  nor  Titles,   tho  I  do 
not  fee  why  I  may  not  ufe  the  Arms  of  England,  fince  my  Grand- 
Mother  was  the  eldefi  Stfierof  King  Henry  8r/',  and  others  ofmeanef 
Birth  have  done  it ;  for  the  Q^arquis  of  Exeter  and  the  Dutchefs  of 
Suftolic  King  Henry  s  Niece,  both  of  them  did  bear  the  Arms  of  Eng" 
land,  with  Borders  for  a  Difference;  andfiallit  be  imputed  to  me  as 
a  Crime  to  do  the  fame  ?  No,  this  is  aU  triffing,  there  mufi  be  fome^ 
thing  elfe  in  her  Mind. 

Tile  Englifi  AmbaiTador  having  acquainted  his  Miftris  of*  tliis 
Coniercnce,  Ihe  fent  a  Letter  to  the  Lords  of  the  Congregation^ 
wherein  ihe  upbraided  them  for  nor  fulfilling  the  Treaty  at  L<ith. 
To  which  diey  returned  a  mod  fubmiilive  Anfwer,  laying  the  whole 
Blame  upon  the  Queen  j    and  the  Prior  of  St.  Andrews  gave  her 

U  u  u  an 


(<)  ua«l'i  Ut  ef  QjMM  Mmj  p.g.  (.    (»)  u  (b*  Uwjtn  Ubriry, 


Z<5t  The  Itfe  of  MA  KYy  ^en  of  ^oihnd  Vol  If  I. 

A^^'^t^   an  Account  of  the  Time  that  /he  was  to  fail  from  France,  and  ear- 
'^'^/^    neftly  dedred  her  to  intercept  her,    and  accordingly  fhe  rig^^ej 
out  a  ftrong  Fleet  for  tliat  Purpofe  j    but  it  pleafed  God,    tliat  Ihe 
McurnTr/f" arrived  fafcly  at  Leith  upon  the  20th  of  ylu^^ufl  i^6l.     None  of 
irjo  5«/-  ^1^^  YlcQt  falling  in  with  the  Englijh,    but  that  Ship  in  which  the 
Earl  of  £f //«ro«  was ;    neither  did  this  fceni  to  be  done,    but  by 
the  peculiar  Care  of  Heaven;    for  whilft  fhe  fail'd  by  the  Englijh 
Fleet,    fhe  was  environ'd,    as  if  fhe  had  been  in  a  Cloud,    with  a 
furEfc^^  'thick  Mift,  which  faved  her  from  her  Hncmies.   It  is  not  to  be  ima- 
£n^.ii,fuu-  gined  with  what  incredible  Joy  fhe  was  rceived  by  all  Ranks  of 
People,  fave  the  Miniflers,  who  from  their  Pulpits  with  their  out- 
mofl  Rhetorick,  told  the  People  of  the  great  Danger  they  were  in, 
of  having  their  Religion,  Liberties  and  Rights  taken  from  them. 
Upon  this  the  Qiieen  called  a  Meeting  of  her  Privy  Council,  and 
to  remove  all  their  Fears  and  Jealoufies,    fhe  moft  gracioufly  con- 
defcended,    that  there  fhould  be  no  Alteration  made  as  to  their 
Religion,  only  that  fhe  hoped,    that  they  would  not  take  it  amifs, 
that  fhe  fhould  ferve  God  in  her  own  Way  in  her  Family.     This 
was  fuch  a  rational  Propofal,  that  not  one  of  the  Council  had  the 
][h«^E">^^f  Confidence  to  oppofe  if,  fave  the  Earl  of  ^rr^«,  who  told  them  he 
Ihe  M'iB.fter.  would  nevcr  agree  to  the  having  the  Mafs  either  privately  or  pub- 
Mo"  .gJnn  lickly;  and  all  the  Miniflers  from  their  Pulpits,  told  their  Hearers, 
That  mlefs  the  JJolatrofts  WorfJjiP  of  the  Church  o/Rome,    zvere 
rooted  out  of  the  Niition,  they  comd  expe6i  nothing  but  God's  Wrath 
and  heavy  Vengeance  upon  them,  and  that  all  Priejls  of  the  Romifh 
Religion,  ought  to  be  puni/hed  with  Death,    according  to  the  Law  of 
God  againfl  Idolaters. '  Which  prevailed  fo  with  the  Mob,  that  the 
next  Day,  as  the  Qiieen  was  going  to  Mafs  in  her  Chappel,  in  the 
Abbay  of  Holy-Rood-Houfe,  they  fell  upon  the  Servants,  who  were 
carrying  the  Candles  to   the  Altar,    and  had  they  not  been  over- 
powered,   they  would   have  put  her  Chappel  in  Flames.     The 
Queen   was   highly   offended  with  this  infolent  Treatment,    and 
had  fhe  taken  the  Earl  of  Huntlys  Advice,   fhe  had  fufficiently  re- 
vencred  her  felf  on  the  Miniflers  ;    but  being  of  a  mofl   merciful 
Temper,    upon  the  Prior  of  St.  Andrev)s\  promifing,  that  for  the 
future  he  fhould  engage,  that  the  Miniflers  fhould  not  preach  Sedi- 
tion, flie  was  appeafed.- 

All  Things  being  thus  pacified,  the  Duke  d!  nAmult  tiie  Grand 
Prior  of  France,    Monfieur  d"  Annjxlle,  and  the  reft  of  the  French 
who  had  accompanied  the  Queen,  return'd  to  France,  only  the  Mar- 
quis d'  ElbeuJ  and  her  ConfefTor  remain'd  all  the  Winter  with  her, 
and  young  Lithington  was  fent  AmbafTador  to  acquaint  the  Queer» 
she.c,o.ioi.of  England  oi  her  happy  Arrival,  and  to  require  the  eftablifhing  of 
E;r2;""of  a  firm  and  lafting  Peace  betwixt  the  two  Nations.     \Vhat  the  Suc- 
hef  A^«».i.  ^efs  of  that  Embaffy  was,  we  have  fhown  in  Lithington  s  Life. 

After  the  Queen  had  ftayed  for  fomc  Time  at  Edinburgh,  fhe 
made  a  Progrefs  through  the  Country,  where  fhe  was  joyfully  received 
and  fplendidly  intertained  at  the  Towns  of  Linlithgow,   Stirling, 

Perthj 


Vol-  III. n}e  Life  of  MAKY,  ^een  o/" Scotland.  kJj 

Perth,  Dundee  and  St.  j4ndrews  ;  but  as  fhe  was  retutnins  to  Edin-  '>^'^^ 

-      -       -    -  '^  An.    I  ^87^ 

Thr  Proved 


httrgh^  the  Provoft  oArchibald  Doivglajs  caufcd  publifh  a  Proclama-  ^^' 


tion,    difcharging    all  Adulterers,    Fornicators,    Drunkards,  Mafs-  of  ^'''"•T^^k 

.     ,  .  _         .  ,,  .         . —  .  oforpi  the 


Triefts  and  obftinate  Paplfts  to  enter  the  Town  of  Edmburab,  under  R«h  aI 
Pain  oftliehidieft  Penalties:  This  being  a  manifeft  Ufurpation  of  »h.'h^e°u 
the  Royal  Authority,  and  an  infolent  Affront  upon  his  Sovereign  the  *"'''"''''"** 
Queen,  fhe  caufed  him  to  be  apprehended  and  imprifoned,  and  a 
Proclamation  was  publifhed  by  her,  giving  Liberty  ro  all  her  good 
Subjeds  to  come  to  the  Town  about  their  lawful  Affairs ;  and  it 
being  then  about  t^ichaelmafs  when  the  Town  makes  choice  of 
their  Magiflrates,  fhe  ordered  the  Citizens  to  make  Choice  of  any 
other  they  pleafed  in  his  Place,  which  they  obeyed  ;  bur  the  Mini-  n.inroUn. 
flers  from  their  Pulpits  did  all  they  could  to  flir  up  the  Mob  upon  fh^MlnifleM 
this  Occafion,  reprefcnting  in  their  Sermons,  that  the  Queen  not 
only  protedted  all  known  and  avowed  Papifls,  but  likewife  all  For- 
nicators, Drunkards  and  profane  Perfons,  and  to  crown  all,  in  th6 
jMonth  oi  December,  they  met  in  an  Affcmbly  of  their  own  Appoint- 
ment, without  the  Queen's  Authority ;  however,  the  Queen  was  fo 
loath  to  give  them  any  Reafon  to  complain  of  her,  that  fhe  fuffered 
them  to  do  any  Thing  they  pleafed  :  It  happened  whilfl  they  were 
fitting,  that  the  Marquis  d'  Elbeaf,  the  Queen's  Uncle,  the  Earl  of 
iBothwell,  and  the  Lord  Coldinghame  in  a  Night-Ramble  got  into  a 
Burgefs  Houfe  called  Cuthbert  Ramjay,  but  not  finding  his  Daughter 
in  Law,  who  was  a  handfom  Girl,  they  went  away  without  (foing 
any  further  Harm ;  but  this  fo  highly  provoked  the  Brethren,  that 
they  prefented  the  Qiieen  with  a  Petition  [a),  requiring  that  her 
Uncle,  and  thofe  who  were  with  him  might  be  delivered  over  to 
the  Hands  of  Juftice,  that  they  might  be  punifhed  according  to  the 
Laws  of  the  Realm  :  Upon  which  the  Queen  called  tiiem  before 
her,  and  gave  them  a  fevere  Reprimand,  and  in  her  Anfwer  to  the 
Affemblyj  fhe  acquainted  them  of  what  fhe  had  done,  but  that  her 
Uncle  being  a  Stranger,  fhe  could  not  deal  fo  harfhly  with  him  as 
they  required,'  but  that  for  the  Future  fhe  would  take  particular  Care 
that  no  fuch  Abufes  fhould  be  committed. 

The  Prior  of  St.  Andrews  the  Queen's  Baflard  Brother,  a  Man  of 
an  unlimited  Ambition,  having  got  an  abfolute  Afcendant  over  the 
Queen,  fhe  made  him  one  of  the  Lords  of  her  Privy  Council,  and 
Commander  of  the  Borders ;  but  that  not  fatisfying  him,   fhe  pro- 
mifcdto  make  him  Earl  of  oMar;  but  tiie  Lord  Erskine  having  laid 
Claim  to  that  Earldom  as  of  Right  belonging  to  him,  the  Queen 
"ranted  the  Lord  Erskine  the  faid  Earldom  in  the  Year  15(52,   as 
having  a  \uft  and  legal  Title  to  it,  with  the  Precedency  of  the  an- 
cient Earls  of  c^ar,  and  the  Prior  of  St.  Andrews  was  made  Earl  Thepisojcf 
o^ Murray,-  tho'  his  Patent  did  not  pafs  the  Seals  till  the  lOth  of'm.d;E;?l'^^ 
February  the  nexr  Year,  -and  fhe  procured  for  him  in  Marriage  L^dy ^"Ci^'Af 
Agnes  ICeithy  Daughter  to  WtUiam  Earl  Marifchal.  'J^'^  ^''  ^' 

U  u  u  1  Thefe 


(«)  fcdlt'i  Chiifcfa  Hie.  Pift  «.  Pig.  i]i, 


2(54  The  Ltfe  0/  MARY,  ^een  of  Scotland.  Vol.  Iff. 

f^'^'^*^        Thefe  Preferments  of  the  Prior  of  Si.j4ndrews  were  very  difplca- 
»A/*^    fine  to  the  Queen's  Friends,    who  knew  him  to  be  a  Penfioncr  of 
England^  and  the  fole  Truftee  of  the  Minifters  her  mortal  Enemies, 
but  none  was  To  dilTatisfied  as  the  Earl  of  Huntly,  wlio  prefenred  a 
Memorial  to  her  out  o^  his  own  Hand,  wherein  he  told  her  Mi- 
bmpUi  t«.-  jefty  (rt),    That  he  aimed  at  no  lejs  than  the  Vftrrpation  of  the  Regal 
cfM^r'fol  y^uthority,    That  his  Mother  was  often  heard  to  jay,   That  fhe  wat 
D.fig".'"  privately  married  to  King  James  Vth,  and  that  luhilfl  fhe  was  with 
Child  of  htm,  fhe  dream  a  that  fhe,  had  a  T)raqon  in  her  Belly,  who 
encompajjing  the  Head  of  a  Lion,  overcame  and  killed  him  ;  and  the 
Lion  being  the  Scots  yfrms,  they  noways  doubted  but  that  he  would 
Come  Time  or  other  attain  to  the  Crown  :    And  therefore  he  humbly 
intreated  herAlajefty  to  trufl  to  her  ancient  Nobility  andknoivn  friends, 
rather  than  to  her  3ajlard  Brother,  who  hadjuch  bad  Defigns  again  ft 
her.     But  the  Queen  gave  no  Ear  to  this,    eftecming  it  all  to  pro- 
ceed from  Malice. 

The  Earl  of  Arran  falling  deeply  in  Love  with  the  Qiieen,  and 
Z«f'n/  finding  that  flic  (lighted  him,  he  fell  into  a  Phrenzy,  upon  which  his 
4>ftf,a.d.    father  confined  him  to  his  Palace  at  Kiniell;   but  finding  a  fit  Op- 
portunity he  made  his  Efcape,    came  ftreight  to  Edinburgh  :  And 
coming  to  Mr.  Knox,  he  paflionately  reprefents  to  him  many  ftrange 
and  wonderful  Stories  of  deep  Plots  laid  by  bis  Father,    Bothwell 
and  others  againft  the  Earl  of  Murray  ;  butftiU  in  a  Manner  fo  wild 
and  incoherent,  that  Mr.  ICnox  could  not  but  be  very  fenfible  of  his 
Madnefs,  and  immediately  wrote  fo  the  Earl  of  Murray,  not  to  be 
rafli  in  noticing,    or  giving  Credit  to  what  the  Earl  faid,    for  he 
appear'd  to  him  difordered  in  his  Wits.     Thefe  are  Calderwood's 
own  Words  in  his  large  MS.  Hiflories  in  the  College  of  Glafgow. 
Yet  the  Earl  of  Murray  knowing  that  thefe  noble  Families  would  be 
great  Obflrudlors  of  his  Defigns,  laid  hold  of  this  Opportunity,  and 
accufed  them  of  a  Defign  of  feizing  the  Queen's  Perfon,    and  of 
murdering  him  in  the  Park  of  Falkland^   wbilft  her  Majefty  was  at 
hunting :    Upon  this  (b)  the  Duke  was  comitted  Prifoner  in  the 
Caftle  of  Edinburgh,    BothweU  was  banifhed  the  Kingdom,    and 
Gavin  Hamilton  Abbot  of  Kilwinning  was  fent  to  the  Caftle  of 
Stirling,  Arran  being  brought  before  tne  Council  to  be  examined, 
they  found  that  he  was  perplexed  in  Mind  j    but  upon  a  fecond 
Examination,  they  found  ooth  by  his  Words  and  Countenance,  that 
he  was  really  diftradted,  upon  which  the  Queen  committed  him  to 
the  Care  of  the  Archbifliop  of  ^\..  Andrews. 
J  ,^f     During  thefe  Tranfa(5lions  in  Scotland,    Margaret  Countefs  of 
t«ni»  •«>  Lennox  and  her  Husband  were  committed  Prifoners  to  the  Tower 
tap^fo^a"  by  Queen  Eliz^abeth,  for  keeping  a  fecrct  Correspondence  with  the 
£K;^."^d  Queen  of  Scotland,  and  Henry  Sidney  was  fent  AmbalTador  to  Scot- 
t'V^.i^t^land,  that  he  might  prye  into  the  State  of  the  Nation  {c) ;  but  the 
j*.'I)«rf.  "  Pretence  of  his  EmbaiTy  was  the  eftab^ifliing  of  a  firm  Peace  betwixt 
the  two  Nations,  and  withall,  as  a  Token  of  a  perpetual  Kindnefs, 

fhg 

(-0  V  IOK)C«DC«  dt  1«  RoyM  i'  Sfcoflt,  P«g-  y.    (iy  Ibid.  Pjg.  lo.    (0  Udd.l'i  Life  of  Queen  M.ry. 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  of  MARY,  ^een  of  Scotland.  "~2df 

flie  fent  her  Majefty  a  Diamond  Ring,  with  this  Promife,  that  if  ever  -^>v^ 
fhe  was  in  fiich  Diftrefs  as  to  need  her  Aid  and  AfTiftance,  upon  the  vS^ 
fending  to  her  this  Ring,  flie  would  give  to  her  all  the  AfTiftance  fhe 
could  :  And  whereas  there  had  been  a  Propofal  made  of  a  Meeting 
betwixt  the  two  Queens,  and  that  the  Queen  of  England  had  ap- 
pointed the  Place  to  be  at  Tork,  and  now  begged  for  a  Delay.  The 
Queen  of  Scotland  willingly  agreed  to  it,  for  before  this  Time  fhe 
repented  that  fhe  had  agreed  to  fuch  a  Propofal,  when  fhe  refledled 
upon  the  Danger  of  meeting  with  a  Princefs  whofe  Crown  fhe  had 
openly  claimed  to,  and  that  in  her  own  Dominions :  And  as  4  mu- 
tual Token  of  her  Friendfhip  and  Afllflance,  fhe  fent  her  a  Diamond 
Hart,  on  which  was  engraved  the  following  Lines,    compofed  by 
IBuchanan. 

Hoc  tibi  quod  mifit  Cor,  nil  quod  pojfet,  habebcit, 
Cartas  ejje  Jtbi,  gratius  ejje  tilt. 


^luod  ft  forte  tuum  tpfa  remijeris,  ilU  putabit 
Car  ins  ejjefbi,  qnamftiit  ante  tibi. 


In  the  Montli  of  June  the  General  AfTembly  having  met  at  Edin-   tu  Gef,e- 
burgh  by  tiieir  own  Authority,  they  drew  up  a  Supplication,  which  ruip^lH^.'''' 
they  prefented  to  the  Queen,    requiring  her  to  abolifh  the  Popifh  \"Xo^ 
Religion  j  but  the  firfl:  Drauglit  of  it  was  in  fuch  bitter  and  fcanda-  ^°^'^-^ 
lous  Terms,  that  even  thofe  of  the  Nobility  who  were  of  their  own 
Perfuafion,  advifed  them  to  alter  it,    which  was  done  accordingly, 
and  prefented  to  her  by  the  Superintendants  of  Lothian  and  Ftfe, 
which  when  fhe  had  read,  fhe  faid,    Here  are  many  fair  Words,  but  h  ,Aa 
God  knows  what  your  Hearts  are ;  and  as  1  will  never  diflurb  you  in 
the  Exercife  of  your  Religion,  Jo  will  I  never  conjent  to  do  any  Thin^ 
in  Prejudice  of  my  own.     This,  fays  Mr.  Petrie  (a),  was  all  they  got 
for  their  painted  Oratory  and  Flattery ;  as  if  it  had  been  a  Crime  in 
in  them  to  have  addrefled  their  Sovereign  in  civil  Terms :  And  yet 
even  in  this  he  is  mucli  more  civil  to  her  than  Bifhop  Spotfivood  (b\ 
who  makes  her  part  with  them  in  a  Huff,  and  tells  them,  that  fhe 
hoped  before  a  Year  was  expired,    to  have  the  Mafs  and  Catholick 
Profeffion  reflored  through  tlie  whole  Kingdom,    which  is  diredly 
againfl  a  Letter  under  her  own  Hand,  the  Copy  of  which  is  in  Mr. 
Crawford's  Colle(flions,    wherein  fhe  attefls  the  eternal  God,  that 
flie  never  defigned  to  diflurb  them  in  their  Religion. 

This  AfTembly  appointed  an  Order  of  Vifitation  for  regulating  Tb«  mw- 
the  Superintendants,  and  tliefe  being  joined  by  tlie  Earl  of  Glen-  Imt  ol^b* 
cairn,  the  Lotds  Boyd  a.nd  Ochtltrte,  wherever  tliey  went,  they  J^Mmo' r** 
plundered  and  deflroyed  the  Houfes  and  Lands  of  the  Papifls ;  uilofC"* 
and  being  afraid,  that  the  Queen  would  call  them  to  an  Account  Jf;'"*  '^* 
for  their  Proceedings  (c),  they  met  at  the  Town  of  y^ir  in  the 
Month  of  Scptember,whci:e  they  drew  up  a  Bond,  which  all  of  them 
fubfcribed,  by  which  they  bound  themlelves,  to  ftand  by  one  ano- 

X  X  X  fher 

Uj  Vut  t.  Iftf.  Ijl.    (t)  Lib. 4.  P.,.  iSj.    (0  Vid.  Univhot  Uft  »( Qu^o  Miry,  P.|.  »!.'  ^  ' 


Z66  The  Life  cf  MARY,  ^ecn  of  Scotland. VoK  HI. 

^^^y^    thcr  with  tlicir  Lives  and  Fortunes,    and  to  rcfcnt  what  ever  was 
"^^S/^    done  to  any  one  of  tlicm,  as  done  to  all. 

The  Qiiccn  dcliring  to  take  a  View  of  the  northern  Parts  of  the 
Nation,  about  the  middle  ot'^i'^^ujl  1^61,  Ihc  came  to  ylbcrdeen, 
iJt^'"c\v\\izxQ,  flic  was  met  by  die  Countefs  o(  Huntlj,   a  Woman  ot  hidi 
A«om,'"f  Spirit,  but  of  a  very  obliging  Temper ;    her  Son  Mr.  John  Gordon 
\\M'°^"^*  had  been  committed  to  Prilon,  for  wounding  the  Lord  Ogilvy  upon 
the  Street  of  Edinburgh.,  but  having  made  his  E(capc,  he  was  de- 
clared fugitive  ;  wherefore  flie  begged,    that  flie  would  admit  him 
to  kifs  her  Hand  :  But  the  Qiieen  told,  That  it  did  notconfift  with 
her  Honour,  to  admit  him  into  her  Prefence,  till  fuch  Time  as  he 
fliould  re-enter  himfelf  into  Prifon.     Which  the  Countefs  promifcd 
to  do,  but  only  begged  that  the  Place  of  his  Ward  (hould  be  the 
Caftle  of  Stirling  ;    which  the   Queen  having  granted,    tiic  Lord 
Glamis  was  appointed  to  convey  him  thither  :  Jkit  when  he  came 
to  the  Caflle  ot  Glaniis,   he  altered  his  Refolution,    and  returned 
a^ain  to  die  North  ;    for  which  die  Qiiecn  was  highly  incenfed 
a-'ainfl:  him.     In  the  mean  Time,   in  the  Profecution  of  her  Jour- 
ney, her  Majcfly  went  from  tsAi^erdccn,   and  lodged  all  Night  at 
iBncqiihin  ;  the  next  Day  flie  went  to  Rothcwa);   tne  third  Day  flic 
came  to  Strathbogy,    where  flie  was  invited  by  the  Larl  of  Huntly 
to  lodge  in  his  Houfc,    and  great  Preparations  were  made  for  her 
Ilcception,  but  flie  refufed  to  go,  unlefs  his  Son  delivered  himfelf 
up  Prifoner  ;  And  the  next  Day  flic  came  to  Inverncjs,   where  flie 
was  deny'd  Acccfs  ro  the  Caflle,  by  the  Governour  yilcxnnder.Gor- 
don,  a  Friend  oi'  the  Earl  of  Hmtlys.     Upon  this  a  Rumour  arofe 
that  the  Farl  of  Hnntly  had  a  Defign  of  feizing  the  Queen's  Pcrfon, 
which   made  her  publifli  a  Proclamation,    commanding  all  her 
loyal  Subjcds  in  thofePartstocomcto  her  Afl^flancc  :  Upon  which 
flic  was  join'd  by  the  (^/Idackenz^ies,  Monroes,  Frajcrs  and  Clanchat- 
tan.     With    tliefc  flie  befieged  and  took  the  Caflle  of  Invernejs, 
caufinrr   the  Governour  and  principal  Perfons   under  him  to  be 
han<T'd  ;  but  flie  fpared  the  Lives  of  the  common  Soldiers.     The 
Queen  having  flay'd  four  Days  in  the  Caflle  of  Jnvcrnefs,  flie  re- 
turned to  Aberdeen,  where  the  Countefs  of  Hnntly  came  to  wait 
upon  her ;  but  flie  was  refufed  Accefs,  and  a  Proclamation  publi- 
flied,  commanding  all  thofe  that  could  bear  Arms  in  Lothian,  fife, 
^ngHS,    Strathern  and  the  c^erns,   to  attend  her  at  tAberdeen. 
Hnntly  being  advertifed  of  this  by  the  Earl  of  Sutherland,  Oind  John 
Lcjly  of  "Biicquhin,  who  were  with  the  Queen  and  his  good  Friends, 
as  likewifeot  the  Rxes  that  flie  had,  and  knowing,  that  as  long  as 
the  Earl  of  Murray  had  the  Government  of  the  Queen,  he  could 
never  obtain  her  Favour,    he  refolved  to  feize  upon  the  Queen's 
Perfon,  hoping,  that  upon  a  fair  Reprefcntation  of  his  Cafe,   he 
might  regain  her  Favour :  So  accompany'd  with  about  800  Men,  he 
marched  towards  Aberdeen,  and  in  all  Probability,  had  entered  the 
Town  without  any  Refiftance,  had  not  Sutherland  and   BucqMns 
Letters  to  him  been  intercepted  that  Morning,  for  which  Suther- 
land 


Vol.  III.  The  Ltfe  of  MhKX,  §lucen  of  Scoihnd.  i6j 

land  Hcd,  but  Bucf^''''  confeffing  the  whole  Projcdl:,  was  pardoned.  ^^ 
However,  Huntly  marched  forward  with  his  Men,  and  at  a  Place  '-''V^ 
called  Corrichic,  the  Earl  of  Qy^iurray  met  liim  (a),  where  they  had 
a  fharp  Rencounter,  wherein  Huntly  had  the  Misfortune  of  being 
defeat  and  taken  Prifoner,  but  being  an  aged  and  corpulent  Man^ 
with  the  Crowd  and  Prefs  of  thofe  that  were  about  him,  he  ex- 
pired in  their  Hands  :  John  and  Adam  Gordon  his  two  Sons,  and 
about  an  hundred  more,  were  taken  Prifoners  j  and  being  brought 
to  Jkrdeen^  Murray,  Morton  and  Lindjay  went  and  acquainted  the 
Qiieen  of  their  Vitftory,  who  feemed  not  in  the  lead  to  rejoice  at 
it ;  for  (he  knew  that  the  Earl  of  Huntly  was  none  of  her  Enemies : 
However,  Mr.  John  Craig  Minifter  at  Aberdeen,  gave  thanks  to 
God  for  their  Vidtory,  and  the  next  Day  a  Council  was  called  by 
the  Qiieen,  to  confult  what  fhould  be  done  with  the  Prifoners,  and 
it  was  refolved  that  Adam  Cordon  tlie  Earl's  Son,  becaufe  of  his 
Age,  fhould  be  pardoned,  being  only  a  Boy,  but  that  his  Brother 
Mr.  "John  fhould  be  beheaded,  and  that  the  reft  fhould  be  fined 
according  to  their  Eftates,  and  that  thofe  of  the  meaner  Sort 
fhould  be  banifh'd,  all  which  was  accordingly  done,  and  the  Queen 
returned  to  Edinburgh. 

The   Lords  of  her  Majefty*s  privy  Council,    and  the  Queen's 
Uncles,  at  this  Time  made  feveral  Propofals  of  a  Marriage  to  her ; 
fome  were  for  the  Infant  of  Jjp^t/«,    others  for  the  Emperor's  Bro- pof^is'ofT 
tiler,  the  Arch-Duke  o^  Aujlria,  and  others  for  the  Duke  de  Neveurs :  m.dc'to'.i.. 
But  none  of  them  took  EfFed.     The  General  Aflcmbly  having  met  ^"""" 
at  Edinburgh,  in  tlie  Month  of  December,  they  fat  down  upon  the    ti«  c.ne- 
25th,  in  Contempt  of  the  Day,  and  Mr.  John  Knox,  fays  Mr  Petrie  in'leu?'".'',!^ 
(b)  made  the  Prayer  for  Afliftance  ofGoa's  Spirit,  andnothing  was  j;;[;,{;;;'''"8 
heard  from  their  Pulpits,   according  to  the  laudable  Cuftom,    but  jF'j;','*  '^* 
bitter    invedlives    againft  the  Court,  for  obferving  Chrijlmas,  ajid  """j-'f^ 
all  their  innocent  and  harmlefs  Diverfions,  were  painted  out  to  the       ""  " 
People,  as  Crimes  of  the  deepeft  DyQ. 

The  Earl  of  Huntly  being  now  taken  out  of  the  Way,  the  chief 
Prop  and  Supporter  of  the  Roman  Catholick  Intereft,  the  Lords  of 
the  Congregation  refolved  now  to  finifh  the  Work  of  the  Reforma- 
tion, by  cutting  off  all  thofe  whom  they  fufpeded  to  oppofe  their 
Defigns.     George  Lord  Gordon,  who  after  the  Battle  of  Corrichie, 
had  fled  for  Protedtion  to  his  Father  in  Law  the  Duke  of  Chattlr    '^*"  ^°'* 
herault,  was  delivered  up  and  imprifoned  (c)  in  the  Caftle  of  Dun-  Atch'b.oi'op 
barj  and  in  the  end  of  January  1565,    he  was  accufed  of  Hif»li- "«■'.'•"<' V- 
Treafon  and  forfaultcd  ;  John  Hamilton  Arch-Bifhop  of  St.  oAnd-  T\mpu{o'- 
rews,    was  committed  Prifoner   to  the  Caftle  of  Edinburgh,    foT"'4'o.'d^,'" 
faying  and  hearing  Mafs ;  the  Abbot  of  Crojsraguel,    and  a  great  (^«^  * 
niany  other  Priefts  and  Monks  {d),    without  an^  Order  from  the 
Queen  or  Council,    but  by  an  Order  from  the  Minifters  (e\  who 
took  upon  them  to  Profecute,    Examine,   Condemn  and  Execute 

X  X  X  1  whom 


(.)  Spot.  Ijb.  4.  p.  .87.    (t)  P.ii  ».  T>.|.  ijj. -  (0  Spot.  Lib.  4.  r.  It7.  (i)  Pcrri*,  P.rt  x.  f.g*  »j4,    ,,)  j,^^ 


2(58  The  Life  0/  MARY,  g^Heen  of  Scotland.  Vol.  \\\. 

JJ^J*^)^    whom  they  plcafcd,   were  likewifc  imprifoncdi    they  pretcnchii;T, 
'-'^'**-'     that  the  Spirit  of  God,    did   to   their   Confcicnces,    jiiftify  their 
Actions. 

It  is  not  to  be  imagined  how  much  thcfe  tumultuous  Proceedings 
troubled  the  Queen,  in  fo  mucli,  that  Mr.Vdal  (a)  tells  us,     that 
fhe  could  not  obtain  the  Releafcmcnt  of  the  Arch-Birtiop  of  St.  yfri- 
drews  without  fhcdding  {bme  Tears,    and  at  length  was  forced  to 
TheQu«n  condcfccnd  to  the  calling  ot  a  Parliament,  tho' fhe  knew  that  it  was 
""' ^ '.h'.'v  only  to   vex   her  the  more.     This   Parliament  havinp;  met  in  the 
proc.edings.  j^joutli  o^ Mi^y  156^,  thc  Queen  (at  in  Perfon  in  her  Royal  Robes, 
and  was  Wicnefs  to  all  their  Debates ;    and  if  rherc  had  been  any 
Remains  of  Humanity  in  their  Breads,    fhe  would  have  charmed 
tiiem  into  a  becoming  Decency  and  Refpcdl  for  her  Perfon,  for  never 
fuch  Beauty  and  Majefty  adorn'd  a  Throne ;  but  inflead  of  this,  they 
proceeded  with  that  Rudenefs  and  Undutifulnefs  that  can  never  be 
excufed  in  them  :    And  to  oblige  their  good  Friend  the  Queen  of 
England,  and  her  mortal  Enemy,    they  would   have  forced  her  to 
ratify  the  Treaty  at  Leith^  approving  of  their  rebellious  Proceedings ; 
but  fhe  plainly  told  them  from  the  Throne,    that  fhe  would  never 
condefcend  to  that,    but  fhe  was  moft  gracioufly  pleafed  to  grant, 
that  without  any  R.efpe(5l  to  that  Treaty,    an  A(5t  of  Oblivion 
fhould  be  pafl  of  all  their  rebellious  Adlions  and  Proceedings  from 
thc  Year  1558,  till  the  ^i^oi  Sep  ember  i$6i.     And  whatever  the 
Miniflers  could  require  for  the  fecuring  of  their  Religion,  and  for 
competent  Provifions  for  themfelveS)    fhe  was  likewife  pleafed  to 
confirm  :  And  having  thus  pacified  her  mutinous  Subjeds,  the  Par- 
liament rofe;  and  the  Queen  refolving  to  vifit  the  refl  of  herSub- 
jeds  who  had  not  been  honour'd  with  her  Prefence,  and  to  admi- 
shtBo*""  niflrate  Tuflice  to  them,  fhe  went  to  the  Countries  of  aAthole  and 
-'w'^sim.',  yirgyle  Shire ;  but  fhe  was  no  fooner  gone,  but  the  Minifters  or 
"nisinhtl  Edtnhnrgh  finding  that  feveral  of  the  Inhabitants  refortcd  to  the 
infui"t"  b/  Mafs  at  the  Palace  of  Holy-Rood-Houfe,  which  was  allowed  by  Law 
ihc  Mob.      ^^  ^j^^  Queen  and  her  Family,  they  raifed  the  Mob  upon  the  Priefl 
whilfl  he  was  celebrating  the  Mafs,    and  being  denied  Entry,  they 
broke  open  the  Church  Doors,  broke  down  tne  Altar,  and  all  the 
Utenfds  belonging  to  it,  dragged  feverals  of  the  Hearers  to  Prifon, 
but  the  Priefl  made  his  Efcape  oy  the  Back-door,  and  feveral  others 
with  him ;  The  Queen  being  informed  of  this,  returned  to  Edin- 
burgh, and  refolved  not  to  enter  the  Town,  till  the  principal  Per- 
fons  who  had  a  Hand  in  this  Mob  were  punifhed  ;  but  fhe  was  too 
weak  for  them,  as  it  appeared  by  John  Knox\  infolent  Behaviour 
on  this  Occafion,  as  we  nave  fhown  in  his  Life  :    And  at  the  fame 
**m.'u.er  Time  fhe  was  maltreated  by  the  French,  who  in  the  Heat  of  their 
F««i!  Sn  civil  War,   in  which  the  Duke  of  Gui^e  her  Uncle  was  killed,  not 
Hfoivei'^io  only  refufed  to  pay  her  her  Jointure,    bur  forfeited  the  Duke  of 
Aic'hVuke   ChatelheranU  of  hisDutchv,  and  deprived  the  Captain  of  the  Scots 
Guards  of  his  Place.    This  narfh  Treatment  made  her  refolve  to  marry 

fbme 


(«)  Life  «f  Qoteo  Miry,  P»6-  »?• 


Vol.  III.  n^e  Life  0/  MARY,  Qj^een  of  Scotland. 

fome  neighbouring  Prince,    whofe  Power  jojned  with  her's,  might   ^^- 
be  able  to  quell  the  Infolcnce  of  her  own  Subjedls,  and  oblVe  die  "^^K^ 
Trfw/no  do  Juflice  to  her;  butfhe  would  donothin'w  in  this  wTthout 
acquainting  her  Sifter  Queen  EUz^abeth  oFit ;  and  therefore  (he  fends  ^^^^ 
lier  an  Account  of  her  Refolution,    and  that  of  all  the  Princes  that  Sotf 
had  been  propoled  to  her  ;  (he  was  moft  inclined  to  embrace  the 
Offer  of  the  Emperor's  Brother  the  Arch-Duke  of  jitijhia  :    Upon 
diis  the  Queen  of  England  fent  Sir  Thomas  Randolph  as  her  Ambaf- 
(hdor  CO  her  with  Inltrudions,    wherein  (a)  fhe  fhows  her  the  main 
Things  that  are  to  be  confideied  in  Marriage,  as  if  fhe  iiad  not  known 
that  State  better  than  her  felf,  having  been  once  encya^ed  in  it,  and 
much  more  capable  ot  knowing  jier  Duty  than  fhe  was  able  to  in- 
ft:ru(5f   her  in,   it  being  enliven  d  with  a  brighter,  and  much  more 
fuperior  Genius  than  fhe  had:  And  after  this  canting  Introducftion 
the  Ambaflador  told  her,  that  if  fhe  matched  with  tlie  Arch-Duke' 
it  would  certainly  caufe  a  Rupture  betwixt  her  and  Queen  Eliz^abeth 
and  that  it  was  his  Miftrifs's  Opinion,    that  fhe  fhould  marry  fome 
Nobleman  of  great  Birth  in  England ;  which  if  fhe  would  do,  in  that 
Cafe,  failing  Children  of  her  own  Body,  fhe  fhould  fucceed  to  her 
in  the  Crown,  and  be  declared- her  apparent  Heir;  but  that  if  fh© 
ihould  do  otherwife,    his  Sovereign  could  promife  nothing  in  that 
Matter  tending  to  her  Satisfaction.     For  by  this  Marriage  Queen 
Eltz^abeth  plainly  forcfaw  that  fhe  would  have  powerful  Supports 
from  all  the  Princes  abroad,  which  would  mightily  weaken  her  Power 
over  her  and  herSubjeds.     And  at  tlie  fame  Time  fhe  fent  the  Earl 
of  Siijjex  Ambaffador  to  the  Emperor's  Court,    under  a  Pretext  of 
congratulating  {b)  ins  Coronation,  but  that  fecretly  he  might  pro- 
pofe  a  Match  betwixt  her  and  the  Arch-Duke,    not  that  fhe  really 
defigned  fuch  a  Thing,  but  to  take  it  off  from  the  Match  with  Queen 
Qy]4ary :  Yet  this  was  not  fo  fecretly  managed,  but  that  our  Queen 
was  advertifed  of  it  by  fbme  of  her  Friends  in  England;  and  ever 
afterwards  flie  fufpeded  (as  fhe  had  good  Reafonj  Queen  Eliz>abeth'i 
Sincerity  in  all  her  Dealings. 

But  this  Propofal  did  not  fo  much  offend  our  Queen,  as  wiiert 
fhe  heard  by  the  Earl  of  Murray  and  Lithington,  that  the  Perfon 
whom  fhe  propofed  was  Robert  Lord  Dudly  her  Mafter  of  Horfes ;  oPe^.TJ' 
and  certainly  nothing  could  be  more  aftonifhing,  than  that  fhe  fhould  Hld'^"!*!' 
propofe  a  Marriage  betwixt  her  and  one  of  her  own  Servants  and  f^"^  ''^k^* 
Subjefts,  flie  being  equal  to  her  felf,  or  any  crown'd  Head  in  the  ^**^  '" 
World. 

The  French  Ambaffador  at  London  having  acquainted  the  Queen 
Motlier  of  France  and  the  Cardinal  of  Lorain  ot  Queen  EltZsabeth's 
Propofal,  they  wrote  to  our  Queen,  that  they  hoped  that  fhe  would 
not  dimin  her  felf  fo  far  as  to  accept  of  fuch  an  unworthy  Propofal 
as  (^leeii  Eliz^abeth  had  made  to  her,  and  that  if  fhe  continued 
firm  to  France,  flic  fhould  not  only  have  her  Jointure  puncftualiy 
j)aid  to  her,  and  the  Scots  reftored  to  dieir  ancient  Privileges,  buc 

^  y  y  like. 


''I  )ict  lli«  luft.  io  ^11  J>mc«  Mtlril'i  Mtm.  fi[.  40,  47.     (i)  |bU. 


lyo The  Life  of  M\KY,  §lueen  of  Scotland.  Vol.  III. 

A^i*^     likewifc  augmented  to  them  :  Although  the  Queen  was  highly  in- 
"^^'"^'^    ccnfed   againft   Qiicen  Elizjabcth\  Propofal  to  her,    yet  fhe  found 
that  there  was  a  Nccedlty  for  her  having  a  Husband,  both  for  the 
Nation's  Good  and  her  own;  fo  that  fhcrefolvcd  to  call  home  from 
France  her  Ambaffador  {a)  James  Beaton  Arch-Bifhop  of  Glafgoiu 
to  advifc  with  him,    knowing  him  to  be  a  Man  of  a  coiiAmimatc 
Wifdom  and  Prudence,    and  well  fccn   in  the  Intrigues  of  all  the 
Courts  of  Europe,  and  having  propofed  this  to  the  liarl  of  7k//<mry, 
whom  fhe  had  Ibll  the  Misfortune  to  believe  her  Friend,  he  told  her, 
That  if  fie  Jhoiilcl  call  home  the  Tiijhop  o/Glafgow,  Jhe  would  ivrong 
The  Earl  of  her  ^jfalrs  in  the  foreign  Courts  0/  Europe,  fnce  none  knew  them  jo 
rfl'm.Zihti  zvell  as  he,  and  that  there  ivas  no  a^an  in  the  Nation  able  to  [npply 
IkVlo^S"^  /;/.?  Place  (for   he  zuas  -very  much  afraid  of  being  outwitted  by  the 
*•"■»'/•       Btpop )  and  as  to   her  cy^ajejlys  Propofal  of  matching  with  [owe 
foreign  Prince^    he  told  her,  that  could  not  but  be  very  dijagreeable  to 
her  Subje^s,  ivhoicere  always  afraid  with  the  Notion  of  vetng  brought 
under  a  foreign  Toke ;  and  Jince  the  Race  of  Stewarts  had  now  been  for 
a  long  'Time  pojjejfed  of  the  Throne  of  Scotland,    in  his  Opinion  Jhe 
ought  to  declare  for  the  Succej]ion  in  that  Name,  failing  Heirs  of  her 
Own  Body,  and  that  [he  Jhould  marry  one  of  the  Name;    and  in  his 
humble  Opinion,  there  zoas  none  fo  fit  as  her  own  Couftn-German  the 
Lord  Darnly,  the  Earl  of  LennoxV  Son,  being  a  Prince  about  i<p  or  lO 
Tears  of  ^ge,    one  of  the  handfomeji  Gentlemen  in  Europe,    and  ac- 
complified  with  all  the  -vertuous  Qmilifications  that  could  be  remired 
in  a  Prince  ;    and  therefore  he  advijed  her  to  call  home  the  Eurl  of 
Lennox  and  his  Son,  to  fee  hoi'j  Jlie  pleafed  him.     The  Queen  raking 
this  to  her  Confideration,    noways  doubting  of  his  Sincerity,  and 
being  further  urged  to  do  it  by  his  Minions  and  Favourites,    who 
then  had  the  whole  Government  in  their  Hands,  fhe  Tent  for  them. 
By  this  the  Earl  of  c^urray  doubted  not  but  to  gain  his  Point, 
which  was  to  get  himfelf  declared  her  Succeffor,     in  cafe  fhe  had 
no  Heirs  of  her  Body,  to  pleafe  Queen  Eliz^abeth,    Cmcc  both  the 
Earl  and  his  Son  were  her  Subjeifls,    and  to  exclude  any  foreign 
Prince,    whofe  Power  might  protedl  her   againft   his  fatflious  and 
rebellious  Defigns  ;    of  all  which  having  acquainted  Queen  Eli- 
Zjabeth,  fhe  permitted  the  Earl  to  return  Home  after  he  had  been 
banifhed  19  Years,  and  not  11  as  Buchanan  and  Spotfwood  have  : 
But  that  fhe  might  feem  to  know  nothing  of  the  Affair,    in  a  Let- 
ter to  our  Queen  (b),  fhe  advifes  her,  out  of  the  tender  Love  and 
Regard  fhe  had  for  her,  to  take  Care,    tiiat  fhe  did  not  difpleafe 
the  Houfe  of  Hamilton,  by  fhowing  too  many  Favours  to  the  Houfe 
of  Lennox. 
i^,t»'.l°^      The  Earl  of  Lennox  as  we  have  faid,  having  returned  to  Scotland 
/w""nd'''s  *'**  ^'^^  Month  of  January  1564,  a  Parliament  was  called,  and  they 
refto'red  lo   having    taken   to  their  Confideration,    the  Procefs  of  Forfeiture 
againft  the  Earl  of  Lennox,  whilfl  the  Duke  of  Chattelherault  was 
Governour,  they  found  it  null  and  void  in  Law,  and  reflored  the 

Earl 

(«)  Miityie  dc  U  K.oyne  d'  fifcoflc  Page  55.    i^i)  Melvil'i  M«ni.  ubi  fufu 


hich  ha 
|j  feronded 


Vol.  III.  Tlje  Life  of  MA KY,  ^een  of  Scotland.  171 

Earl  to  liis  former  PofTedions.     In  the  beginning  of  the  Month  of  5^^;*^ 
February,    Henry  Lord   Darnly  arrived   from  England,    and  went^-'V*^ 
ftraight  to  the  Caftle  of  Weemyjs,    where  the  Qiiccn  then  was,    to    ^^  ^^^ 
wait  upon  her,    and  flie  finding  him  a  Prince  endued  with  all  thc"'"''^  **'" 
Accompliftments  ol  Body  and  iMind  that  fhe  could  wifli  for  in   ^op^^.^^o 
Husband,  fhe  began  fenoudly  to  think  upon  marrying  him;  on  the  m^'r" ''m- 
other  Hand,  he  being  exceHively  charm'd  with  the  Queen's  Beauty, 
and  her  other  admirable  Endowments,    and  knowing  the  fecret 
Defigns  of  the  Earl  oi  Murray  againfl  her,  inftead  of  being  diretft- 
ed  by  him,  as  he  noways  doubted  of,  he  became  iiis  mortal  Ene- 
my.    The  Earl  finding   this,    he  did  all  he  could  to  obftrucfb  the  of  w^rj"! 
Marriage ;  but  fince  he  had  propofcd  it  himfelf,  he  could  not  open-  f^TAlm, 
ly  oppofe  it,    therefore   he  writes  to  Queen  Eliz^abeth,    and   ac-  \^t  °U^. 
quaints  her  of  all  his  Fears  and  Jealoufics  5  whereupon  Queen  £//- J^^hic 
Zjabeth  writes  a  Letter   to  our  Queen  (a),    wherein  fhe  tells  her,  ^  ^'"^^ 
That  fhe  heayd.,  that  fhe  defigned  to  marry  the  Lord  Darnly,  xvhich  ^''f  *^* 
was  fo  dijpleafing  to  her  Englifh  Subjects,  that  fhe  tvas  obliged  to  ad- 
journ her  Englilh  Parliament,  contrary  to  the  Advice  of  her  Council, 
being  afraid  that  they  might  feclude  her  from  the  Succejjion,    and 
therefore  entreated  her  not  to  be  hajly  in  that  Affair.     And  at  the 
fame  Time,    flie  charged  Lennox  and  his  Son  as  her  Subjecfls,    to 
return  to  England,    under  the  Penalty  of  her   higheft  Difplea- 
fure. 

The  Queen  to  fatisfy  her  Sifler,  whom  fke  was  loatli  to  give  tlie 
leafl  Difobligation  to,  made  an  Offer  of  a  Conference  upon  this  "^^'Jt 
Sub)e(5l,  for  adjufting  of  this  Affair  betwixt  them,  which  Queen  'heiQuJr 
EliZjabeth  agreed  to  ;  and  the  Place  of  meeting  appointed  was  MmLgt." 
iBerz'jick  :  For  the  Queen  o(  Scotland,  was  the  Earl  ot  Murray  and 
Secretary  Lithington;  and  for  the  Queen  o( England,  the  Earl  of 
Bedford  and  Sir  Thomas  Randolph  :  When  they  met,  the  EnqliPj 
Commiflioners  urged  our  Queen's  Marriage  with  the  Lord  Robert 
Dudly,  whom  Queen  EHzjabeth  had  not  long  before  created  Earl 
of  Letcefler,  and  promifed  in  their  Miflris  Name,  That  if  our 
Qjteen  would  agree  to  this,  fhe  would  be  declared  the  adoptive  Daugh* 
ter,  Sifter  and  apparent  Heir  of  England  by  A^  of  Tarliament, 
and  that  a  conftant  Amity  and  perpetual  Peace  betwixt  the  two  Nati- 
ons fhould  be  agreed  to. 

To  this  Lithington  reply'd,  That  fuch  a  Match  was  tfelozv  the 
Dignity  of  the  ^^ueen  his  Miftrifs,  who  had  in  her  Offer  the  Infant 
o/^^ipain,  Charles  Duke  of  Auftria,  the  King  of  bwedland,  the 
Prince  of  Conde  and  the  T)uke  ofYetiara. ;  and  likewife  he  thought 
it  below  the  Queen  of  England,  to  propofe  fuch  a  Alatch  to  a  Jove- 
reign  ^lueen]her  near  Kinjwoman,  and  who  had  been  marrjd  to  the 
King  of  France.  The  Earl  of  Bedford  was  fo  fenfiblc  of  all  that 
/.///?W/o// had  faid,  that  he  infirted  no  further  on't;  zndMt.Vdal 
fays  {(f),  Tliat  the  Earl  of  Leiceffer  had  defired  him  not  to  urge  it 
too  much,  for  he  was  in  jome  Expeiiations  of  obtaining  Gljteen  £Jiza- 

Y  y  y  2.  beth 


C*nr(C-> 


I*)  \Jit\'i  L\h  of  Q.ucc>  Mirjr,  P<|c  }<.     (t;  Ibid  Pigt  \i. 


272.  Tl^e  Ltfe  of  MKKX,  Qmin  0/ Scotland.  Vol.  ///. 

^Jt^.    beth  for  himjclf;   fo  that  thti  Conference  broke  up  wtthont  thetr  ha- 
'•"V^    f/'wf  agreed  to  any  Thing. 

The  Earl  of  Murray  finding  liimrdftlius  difappointec],  when  he 

returned  to  Edinburgh,    made  his  Application  to  his  truffy  1  riends 

the  Minifters  (a),   who  from  their  I'ulpits  told  the  People,  7'hat 

The  Mini-  ^y  ^^^^  Darnly  being  Topi/h,    the  G^neen  had  no  other  Defgn   m 

(itt,  oppofe  fnarrying  of  hiw,  but  the  oojer turning  the  Protejlant  Religion,  which 

.rrugc.  ^^^^^  i^^^2  (p^jyifjjjed  luith  the  Haz^ard  of  thetr  Lives,    and  that  trt 

Order  to  this,  they  had  fecret  Intelligence  from  France,    who  were  to 

ajjijl  them  loith  forces,  and  that  the  oppofing  this  Marriage  was  not 

only  for  the  good  of  the  Country,  but  for  the  Glory  of  God,    and  the 

Purity  of  Religion,  as  now  efablijheti  in  the  Land,  and  that  if  they 

did  not  criifj  it  now  in  the  Bud,    they  zvould  not  have  Power  to  do  it 

afterwards  ;  that  the  Glueen  was  to  revoke  all  her  o^dlicnations  made 

during  her  a^inority,    and  to  annex  to  the  Crown  all  the  Church- 

Lanas  now  in  the  Pojjejjion  of  the  Nobility,     which  were  more  thart 

tvjo  Parts  of  the  Revenue  of  the  whole  Kingdom. 

The  Queen  having  wrote  an  angry  Letter  to  Queen  Eliz,abethy 
concerning  the  Propofal  of  her  Marriage  with  my  Lord  Dudly,  for 
fome  Time  there   was  no  Correfpondence  betwixt  them   :     The 
Sit  jamn  Qiiecn  to  takc  off  this  petty  Qiiarrel  betwixt  them,  fent  Sir  James 
AAbl(f!dor  Melvil  Ambalfador,  to  make  an  handfome  Excufe  for  her,  and  to 
rtianj.    ^^^^^^^  natrowly,   the  Proceedings  of  the  Englijh  Parliament.   His 
Inftrudtions  (b)  are  given  at  Edinburgh,  upon  the  l8th  o(  Septem- 
ber i5<54>   and  by  Sir  James's  Account,    this  was  before  my  Lord 
Darnly  came  to  Scotland  ;    but  of  this  Negotiation  I  ihall  give  a 
particular  Account  in  that  Gentleman's  Life. 

Queen  e^ary  being   now  firmly  refolved  upon  her  Marriage 
with  the  Lord  'Darnly,    flie  fent  to  Rome  for  a  Difpenfarion,    they 
being  within  the  prohibited  Degrees  by  the  Canon  Law  ;    and  to 
ftrcnf^then  her  felf  againfl:  any  Oppofltion  that  mi^ht  be  made  by 
her  Enemies,  fhe  refiored  George  Lord  Gordon  to  nis  Honours  and 
cJJJ*,S°nd  Eftate,  recalled  the  Earl  of  Suwerland,  who  lived  an  Exile  in  Flan- 
'm^^o^T,  ders,    and  the  Earl  of  Bothwell  who  had  been  banifhed  to  E'ance^ 
HomV."""*  and  fummoned  a  Parliament  to  meet  at  Stirling,  to  acquaint  them 
of  her  Defign,  and  fent  Lithington  her  AmbatTador  to  England  to 
the  fame  Effecft.     On  the  other  Hand,    Queen  Eliz^abeth  fent  a 
Si"  xiw^  Memorial  to  the  Governour  of  £frttJ/V)t,    by  Henry  Mi  die  more,  to 
ch,ij.        encourage  the  Earl  of  Murray,    by  fufFering  all  that  were  to  join 
him  from  England,    to  pafs  his  Garrifon  without  troubling  them, 
and  ferved   him   under  Hand  all  that  he  could.     This  Memorial 
is  dated  the  17th  o^  March  1564,  and  isamongft  Mr.  Crawford's 
Colledions ;  at  the  fame  Time  Ihe  fent  her  AmbafTador  Sir  Nico- 
las Throgmorton,  with  great  Profers  of  Kindnefs  to  our  Queen,  if 
ihe  woutci  defifl  from  the  Marriage;    and  if  he  could  not  perfwade 
her,  to  deal  with  the  Lords  of  the  Congregation  to   do  it,    and 
to  afTure  them  of  her  Afliflance;   and  fhe  fummoned  the   Earl  of 

Lennox 


(<)  MsWU'i  Mem.  Page  44-    C6)  Melvil'j  Mem.  P.ge  s4. 


Vol.  III.  r^)e  Life  of  MA KY,  Qjuen ^f  Scotland.  J^ 

Lennox  and  T>crnly  a  fecond  Time,    to  return  to  England  ;    and  JI^^^ 
upon   their  not  obeying,    fhc   caufed   imprifon   in  the  Tower  of  ^^V*i' 
London^  the  Counters  ot  Lennox  ;    and  knowing,    that  Lady  Jean 
Gray,  was  one  of  thofe  who  pretended  to  compete  with  our  Queen, 
as  neareft  in  Succelllon  to  the  Crown  o(  England,  and  flie  looked 
v.'ith  a  favourable  Eye  upon  her,  as  it  fhe  de/igned  her  for  her  Suc- 
ceifor;  and  to  make  it  appear  that  fhe  was  in  Earneft,     fhc  raifed 
Forces  upon  the  Borders ;  but  our  Queen  was  noways  terrify 'd  with 
all  tiicfe  Threatnings  :     And  the  Parliament  having  met,    flic  ob- 
tained the  Confent  of  the  far  greater  Part  of  the  Nobility,  Barons 
and  Burgeffes;  and  upon  the  15th  Day  of  (^ay  1565,    the  Lord     Ti,e  Lord 
T>arnly  {(t)  was  firft  knighted,  thereafter  created  Lord  of  Parliament,  l"^t,l 
as  Lord  of  Ardmenoch,  and  tiien  created  Earl  of  Rofs  ;  and  to  add  V^, '"."'' 
to  the  hionour  or  the  Solemnity,    14  Gentlemen  were  knighted  at  ^'"^^'*"- 
tiic  fame  Time  with   him,    after   which   he  was   created  Duke  of  i'"''«'"of 
(tAlbany,  with  an  unufual  Promp  and  Ceremony,  as  it  appears  from  '*""''"' 
the  Form  of  Creation  ftill  extant,    wherein  there  is  not  one  Word 
of  his  being  made  Duke  o^  Rothejay,  as  Buchanan  and  his  Follow- 
ers  would  malicioufly   infinuate.     This  Refolution  of  the  Queen 
and  Eflares  of  Parliament  being  publifhed,    the  Earls  of  Argyle, 
Mtirtay,  Glencaim,  Rothes ;  the  Lords  Boyd  and  Ochiltrie,  allifled 
by  the  Duke  of  Chattelherault,  met  at  Stirling,  (  from  whence  the    Th«  u,it 
Queen  had  gone  fcmetimc   before  to  St.  Johnfioun  )  where  it  was  E«gat'ont^ 
refolved  and  agreed  amongfl  them  (b),  That  as  the  Glue  en  and  the  cJ('^^.c\ 
"Duke  0/ Albany  zvere  returning  to  Edinburgh,  they  Jhoidd  fall  upon  '4.u'«1."" 
them  at  the  Kirk  of  Bath,    and  Murder  )he  Duke,    and  [end  the 
G^jtecn    Prifoner  to  the  Cajlle  of  Lochlevin  :     And  at  the  fame 
Time,  tiiey  acquainted  their  Friends  in  Edtnburgh  to  be  in  Readi- 
ncfs  to  join  them;  but  the  Laird  of  T>uhiU  having  got  Notice  of.  ?''«'''''»« 
their  Dcfign,    advertifed  her  Majefty  of  it,    winch  made  her  take  '"'"^"*'"'- 
her  Journey  fooner  than  they  expe(5led  :     Befides,    they  waited  a 
long  Time  for  the  Earl  of  oArgyle  to  join  them,  who  was  one  of 
the  chief  Confpirators,    and  by  this  Means  flie  efcaped   the  Snare 
they  had  laid  for  her ;    and  their  Friends  at  Edinburgh,  Avhen  they 
found  fhe  had  made  her  Efcape,  they  fled  the  City  (c),  and  Andrew 
Slater,  ^Alexander  Clerk,  Gilbert  Lauder,  WiUiam  Harlazv,  Mich- 
ael Rheind,    James  Jnglif,    James  Toung  and  (Alexander  Guthrie 
their  principal  Commanders  were  denounced  Rebels ;  their  Houfes 
poned'cd  by  the  Trcafurer,  and  their  Goods  put  under  Invcntary  ; 
yet  fuch  was  the  innate  Clemency  and  Goodnefs  of  the  Queen,  that 
at  the  Intcrceflion  of  the  Magiftrates,    fhe  reflored  and  pardoned 
them  in  a  few  Days  after. 

Tiie  (Jcncral  Airembly  having  met  at  Edinburgh  upon  the  151}!  Th.ctne- 
Day  of  June  i  ^6%  they  drew  up  a  Petition  to  be  prefented  to  die  ".'.mo°"r,''^ 
Qjecn,  wherein,  amongfl  other  Things,  rhev  require  that  fhe  .^ohft  V- 
fiiould  abolilh  the  Mafs  and  all  Popilh  idolatry  (i),  not  only  in  her  l!!'I'p"f^* 

Z  z  z  own  "*"'• 

(« 1  f;riwfofdi  Col.  (i)  Mrl.ili  Mem.  figt  it-  Muttn  dc  U  Rojrnt  d"  tfcolTe  Page  <l.  (')  SpwI.  Lik,  a,  p,,,  ,aaL- 
W>  Sj-ulf.  ub.  fup.  Hetr.  P.fi  }.  f.fe  54..  »    '  '  t,      ,  r  ^  r.j«  1^ 


274  '^'  L*f'  0/  MARY,  gi^en  of  Scotland.  Vol.  ///. 

'J^f^  own  Family,  but  throiij^h  the  whole  Realm,  and  that  /he  and  aM 
'^'V^  her  Subjects  miglu  protcfs  the  true  reformed  Religion  conform  to 
the  Word  of  God  ;  the  Commiffioners  (cnt  to  prclcnt  this  Pcrition, 
found  her  Majcfty  at  St  JohnJloHn,  and  from  thence  followed  her 
toDnnkeld^  where  they  got  Audience,  her  Mujefly  laving  read  their 
Petition,  told  them,  that  (he  could  not  give  them  an  Answer,  till 
fhecame  to  Edinburgh,  which  would  be  in  a  few  Days,  and  accor- 
dingly when  fhc  came  to  Edinburgh  upon  the  lift  Day  of  aydit- 
..  -  ,  nufl  flie  r^ave  them  an  Anfwer  in  writing;  the  Subftance  of  which 
was  Thiit  tis  to  the  abcltjhing  of  the  Majs  as  Jmptom  and  idolatrohs, 
and  her  embracing  the  Proteftant  Religion  with  her  whole  Family, 
to  be  plain  ivith  them,  tt  waf  a  Thing  that  Jhe  neither  could  nor 
zvould  do ;  for  in  the  frft  Place,  fie  iv^is  firmly  perfwaded  in  her 
Confcience,  that  there  loas  nothing  of  Impiety  or  Idolatry  in  the  Mafs, 
and  that  (he  ivas  firmly  perfwaded  that  the  Catholick  Relinon,  in 
zuhichfie  had  been  brought  up,  was  founded  upon  the  Word  of  God, 
and  the  only  true  Reltgton,  and  Jhe  hoped,  as  /he  granted  Liberty  of 
Confcience  to  all  her  Subjeds  toferve  God  as  they  thought  ft,  Jo  that 
they  would  not  impoje  upon  her  Confcience,  and  that  fie  thought,  that 
en/en  in  Policy,  they  ought  not  to  defire  fuch  a  Thing  of  her,  confide- 
rin?  that  it  would  alienate  from  her  the  Minds  of  the  Kings  of  Frmcc, 
Spain  and  the  other  Catholick  Princes  in  jilliance  with  her;  And  as 
to  the  eftabiifiing  of  the  Proteftant  Religion,  that  required  the  Conjent 
of  the  three  Eftates  of  Parliament,  and  if  they  agreed  to  it,  it  was 
all  could  be  remired;  but  till  fuch  Time  as^  the  Parliament  met,  fie 
fhould  take  Care  that  no  ,>^an  fimld  be  difturbed  in  the  Exercifi  of 
his' Religion,  orfuffer  thereby  either  in  his  Goods  or  fortune:  and  as 
to  what  I  hey  required  concerning  the  Patronages,  fie  thought  it  not  re a- 
fonable  to  quite  with  fo  great  a  Part  of  the  Patrimony  of  the  Crown, 
\et  whatever  was  over  and  above  the  fupplying  of  her  own  Necejjities, 
a  fpecial  Ajjignation  fhould  be  made  for  the  Suflenance  of  the  Alini- 
[iers,  out  of  the  neareft  and  mofl  commodious  Places  for  them,  neither 
fhouid  her  "Bounty  and  Liberality  towards  the  Poor  be  refrained,  but 
extended  as  far  as  in  Reafon  they  could  require  of  her;  and 'as  to  ail 
their  other  T>emands,  fie  promifed  to  do  what  the  Eftates  of  Parlia- 
ment fhould  advife  her  to. 
She  m.r. .  By  this  Time  Wiliiam  Chifiolm  Bifhop  o(Dumblatn  returned  from 
ehe'cXTf  j^^J^  ^^jjj^  ^  Difpenfation  from  the  Pope,,  and  upon  the  z8th  of 
""^"^  7uly  the  Queen  was  married  to  the  Duke  of  Albany  in  the  Chappel 
of  tlie  Palace  of  Holy-Rood-Houfe,  the  Ceremony  being  performed 
by  the  Dean  of  Reft  air  ig,  and  the  next  Day  he  was  by  Sound  ot 
Trumpet  proclaimed  King,  and  declared  to  be  allociated  with  her 

Maiefty  in  the  Government.  ^     ,  a  i,     r  t      i 

^btEHl.f>  Immediately  after  the  Marriage,  the  £wf///' 1  enlionary  Lords 
i!:.!  nf?  in  ^^,ent  to  Paifley  ;  and  the  King  and  Qiieen  (a)  towards  the  End  of  the 
*''^''*°"    Month  of  At*gtift  with  50OO  Men,  went  in  Purfuit  of  them  :  Thefe 

Lords  removing  from  Paiftey  to  Hamilton,    a  Herauld  was  fcnt  to 

flimmon 


(a)  Spotf.  Lib.  ♦.P»S«  '9»- 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  of  MARY,  ^een  of  Scotland  275 

rummon  the  Caftle  to  furrender,  which  they  not  only  rcfufed,  but 
fent  their  Majcfties  WorJ,  that  they  would  fight  them  the  next  Day; 
and  althougli  the  Earl  of  Morton  and  the  Lord  Lindjay  who  com- 
manded tlie  Van  Guard  of  the  Queen's  Army,  fent  them  Word  pri- 
vately, that  upon  their  firft  Attack  they  would  take  themfelves  to 
their  Heels,  yet  fuch  a  panick  Fear  arofe  amongft  tiicm  the  next 
Day,  that  they  had  not  the  Courage  to  give  Battle,  but  marched 
ftrcight  towards  Edinburgh  (a) ;  but  they  no  fooner  entred  the  Town, 
but  tlic  Captain  of  the  Caftle  fired  fo  warmly  upon  them,  that  he 
obliged  them  to  retire  out  of  the  City,  after  wiiich  tliey  marched 
towards  Dumfreis,  cxpe(5ling  that  the  Lord  Herris  and  the  Maxwells 
would  join  them. 

In  the  mean  Time  the  King  and  Queen,  with  their  Army,  having 
punifhed  fuch  in  the  Weft  as  they  found  in  Rebellion,  they  left  the 
Earl  oi Lennox  tiieir  Lieutenant  for  the  weftern  Counties,  an^  march- 
ed ftreight  towards  Stirling,  and  from  thence  to  Fife,  where  the 
Lairds  of  Grange,  Balcomie,  Pitmillie  and  Ramornie.,  who  had  joined 
the  Rebels,  were  declared  Fugitives,  fome  others  of  the  meaner 
Sort  were  taken  Prifoners,  and  the  Towns  of  St.  Andrews,  Perth  and 
Dundee,  who  had  favoured  them,  were  fined.  The  Laird  of  £/&/7/»- 
(lon  (b),  who  had  brought  a  Supply  of  Ten  thoufand  Pounds  Sterling 
to  the  Rebels  from  £«^/i7«(^,  was  declared  Traitor,  and  a  Proclama- 
tion was  publilhed,  fhewin^,  That  although  the  Pretence  of  Rebels 
was  Religion,  yet  their  real  Defign  was  the  dethroning  of  their  Ma- 
jefties,  and  the  enflaving  of  their  Country  to  England,  who  had 
lately  fent  them  a  Supply  of  Money,  their  Majefties  Army,  now 
confiftini^  of  18000  Men,  being  much  fuperior  to  the  Rebels,  they 
marcIiecT ftreight  to  Dumfreis,  where  the  Rebels  then  lay.  The  Lore! 
Herris  finding  that  the  Queen  inclined  to  pardon  fuch  as  would 
fubmit  to  her  Mercy,  he  willingly  fubmitted,  and  was  ever  after  a 
moft  dutiful  and  faithful  Subjedl  to  her ;  but  the  Earls  of  (^Murray, 
Clencairn,  Rothes,  the  Lords  Boyd SindOchiltrie,  rheCommendator 
of  Kilwinning,  and  divers  others  of  good  Note  fled  into  England; 
the  moft  of  all  our  Hiftorians  fay,  Tnat  the  Duke  of  Chatelterault 
fled  likewife  into  England  with  them :  But  Mr.  Calderwood  in  his  MS. 
Hiftory  in  the  College  of  Glafgow,  favs,  "  That  when  the  King  and 
"  Queen  came  to  Glajgovj,  the  DuKe  was  tiien  vifiting  the  Arch- 
"  Bifliop  of  St.  aAndrews  at  Paijley,  being  then  an  old  infirm  Man, 
"  and  hearing  that  their  Majefties  defigned  to  take  him  Pnfoner, 
"  and  he  having  no  Forces  with  him,  he  wrote  a  Letter  to  the  Queen, 
"  acquainting  her,  thatfince  his  Vifit  to  the  Archbifhop,  where  fome 
"  oi  liis  Friends  had  Time  to  fee  him  (  fo  he  calls  the  Rebels)  was 
"  mifreprefcnted,  he  fhould  withdraw  to  a  Place  where  he  ftiould 
"  give  no  Otfence  ;  and  having  gone  to  'Dumfreit,  where  he  was 
*'  attended  bv  his  Friends  and  the  Lord  Herris,  the  King  and  Queen 
"  likc'wi(e  followed  him  thither :  But  the  Duke  being  acquainted 
♦»  with  tiieir  coming,  fent  another  Letter  with  the  Abbot  oiJCtUvinning 

Z  z  z  1  ««  to 

(<)  Mtrific  4c  It  KejotittStatTt,  Pag.  71.     (i,  SudtiiaalLift  oi  Queco  Mirf,  Vif-  )(• 


I'j6  The  Life  of  MARY,  ^een  of  Scotland.  Vol.  III. 

rN^\-^  H  fQ  jI^c  Qiiccn,  wlicrcin  he  tells  her,  that  fincc  he  fotinc!  his  grcaten: 
^•''^^  "  Retirements  were  ftill  miflaken,  he  dcfircd  a  Pafs,  that  he  might 
"  have  Liberty  to  go  to  France,  wliere  he  hoped  to  live  free  from 
"  the  Envy  of  his  Enemies,  which  the  Queen  granted  him,  tho'  not 
"  altogether  with  the  Confent  of  the  King;  and  the  Duke  not  only 
"  went  to  France  foon  tliereaftcr,  but  ftayed  there,  till  the  (^leen, 
"  when  a  Prifoner  at  Carlijle  (cm  for  him,  about  four  Years  after  his 
"  Departure. 

Tlie  Queen  was  no  fooner  informed  of  the  Lords  makin"  tlicir 

Efcapc  into  Engl^ind,  but  fhe  wrote  a  Letter  to  the  French  Ambaffa- 

dor,  and  another  to  the  Spani/h,  complaining  of  Queen  £//^L^^f//,'.s 

harbourinf^  of  her  rebellious  Subjects,  and  fomenting  Divifionsand 

Rebellion  amongfl:  them,  by  fupplying  them  with  Money,  and  all 

^^,  ^f  other  Necellaries.     On  the  other  Hand,  the  Lords  fent  up  to  London 

Z-rr^/'«na  the  Earl  of  (^Iwray  and  the  Abbot  of  Kilwinning  to  require  her 

x'/zi-S^  Adiftance  with  Men  and    Money;    (he   having  promilbd,  fays  Si f 

coX.heir  James  e^dchil  (4  "  by  her  AmbafTadors  to  Hazard  her  Crown  in 

"ou?th«eV  "  their  Behalf,  in  cafe  they  were  driven  to  any  Strait :  But  the  two 

"  Ambafladors  of  France  and  Spain  having  told  her  in  their  Aiafters 

*'  Names,  that  they  could  not  but  take  notice  of  her  ungenerous 

*'  Treatment  of  the  Qiieen  of  Scots,  by  fheltering  of  her  rebellioits 

"  Subjects,  and  fomenting  of  Divifions  amongfl:  her   Neighbours. 

"  Upon  this  fhe  fent  fecretly  to  the  Earl  of  a^urray  and  the  Abbot 

"  of  Ktlwinning,  that  unlefs  they  denied  before  the  AmbafTadors  of 

"  France  and  Spain,  that  fhe  had  any  Hand  in  flirring  them  up  againfl 

"  their  Prince,  fhe  could  give  them  no  Afllflance  ;  but  if  they  would 

"  do  that,  they  might  expcdV  her  Afliftance  to  the  outmofl  of  her 

"  Power :    This  they  had  the  Meannefs  of  Soul  to  accept  of,  and 

"  upon  their  Knees  before  the  Ambafladors,    they  confefled,  fays 

"  Sir  "James,  that  fhe  had  never  moved  them  to  thatOppofition  and 

"  Refinance  againfl  the  Queen's  Marriage.     Upon  this  fhe  faid,  Now, 

"  you  have  told  the  Truth,  for  neither  did  I,  nor  any  in  my  Name 

"  flir  you  up  againfl  the  Queen  your  Miflrifs  :  For  your  abominable 

«  Treafon  may  ferve  for  an  Example  to  my  own  Subje(5ls  to  rebel 

"  againfl  me  ;  therefore  get  you  out  of  my  Prefence,  for  you  arc  but 

"  unworthy  Traitors".     And  altho'  fhe  would  not  feem  openly  after 

this  to  favour  them,    yet  fhe  caufed  a  good  Sum  of  Money  to  be 

difhibuted  amongfl  them  at  Newcaftle  ;  and  it  was  given  out,  that 

it  was  a  Contribution  from  their  Friends  in  England  of  their  own 

Relioion;  and  fhe  immediately  difpatched  one  of  the  Gentlemen 

of  her  Bed-Chamber,  named  Tamivorth  to  acquaint  our  Queen  how 

Mr.  Tsm-  fhe  had  vindicated  her  felf  before  the  French  and  Spani/h  Ambaflk- 

Ambafl-'do"  dors  :  But  with  all,  in  her  Letter  to  her,    fhe   begs    her  to  reftore 

;«T  *i?de-  them  to  her  Favour.     The  Queen  being  inform'd  that  this  Ambaf- 

nj-d'Acceft.  faJot  had  no  Commiflion  to  the  King,    and  Orders  not  to  give 

him  the  Title  of  King,  fhe  denied  him  Accefs;  and  in  her  Anfwer 

to  Queen  Elizjabeth's  Letter,  fhe  told  her,  That  fhe  ought  no  wore 

to 


(<•)  Mdvil'i  Mcmoiri  Page  ;7i 


Vol.  in.  The  Life  of  MA KY,  ^een  0/ Scotland.  lyy 

to  meddle  with  her  Subjeifs,  than  Jhe  and  her  Husband  meddled  with  "^^^^ 
hers.  '-*^/^' 

A  General  Affembly  having  met  at  Edinburgh  upon  the  25th  of  -j^^^^^^ 
September,  the  Queen's  Anfwers  to  the  lafl  Aflcmbfies  Pecition  was  "'-^""""^^ 
read  and  regiftrated,  and  a  Reply  made  to  them,  (a),  "  Wherein  <!«•"" 'o** 
"  they  made  a  long  Reprefentation  to  her,    of  the  Purity  and  Ho-  ft"".""*;. 
"  lincfs  of  their  Religion,  as  now  preached  in  the  Realm,  and  of-oXlfci: 
"  the  Impurity  and  Idolatry  of  her  Religion,    which  they  offer  to  ^''^*"' 
"  make  appear  to  her  xMajefty,    either  by  preaching  the  Word  of 
"  God  in  Its  Purity,    or   bv   difputing  with  her  Priefts,    where  and 
"  wlien  her  Grace  would  be  pleafed  to  appoint  them  ;    and  as  to 
'•  her  being  afraid  of  offending  her  Popifh  Allies,  fhe  fhould  rather 
"  be  afraid  of  offending  the  King  of  Kings,  without  whofe  Favour 
"  and  Protecflion,  no  Friendfhip  or  Confederacies  upon  Earth  can 
"  be  firm  and  lafting,  the  Profeflion  of  the  true  Religion  being  the 
"  only  Bond  that  can  make  God  favour  the  Projecfls  of  Princes.  As 
"  to  what  concerns   the  Rights  of  Patrons,    they  fay,    That  their 
"  Meaning  never  was,    thap  flie  or  any  other  Patron  fhould  be 
"  defrauded  of  tlieir  jufl  Rights,    only  they  defigned,    when  any 
"  Benefice  was  void,    that  fuch  qualified  Perfons  as  fhould  be  exa- 
"  mined  and  approven  of  by  the  Superintendants,   fhould  be  pre- 
"  Tented;  for  as  the  Prefentation  belongeth  to  the  Patron,  fo  doth 
"  the  Collation  belong  to  the  Church,    otherwife,  were  it  in  the 
"  Patrons  Power  to  prefent  whom  they  pleafed,  it  would   ruin  the 
"  Church  ;    as  to  her  retaining  Part  of  the  Benefices  in  her  own 
"  Hand,  fhe  could  not  do  it,    either  bv  the  Law  of  God  or  Man, 
"  fince  it  tends  to  the  Deflrucfbion  of^  fo  many  poor  Souls,    thac 
"  mufl  perifh  for  want  of  Inftru(5lion.     And  La^ly,  They  ihank  her 
"  Majefly  for  giving  AfTignations  to  the  Minifters,    after  the  fup- 
"  plying  of  her  own  NecefTities  5   but  they  humbly  conceive,  that 
*'  they  ought  firft  to  be  provided  out  of  the  Tithes,    which  is  the 
"  Patrimony  of  the  Church,  and  therefore  they  required,    that  all 
"  thefe  Articles  may  be  reformed  by  her  Majefly  and  Council,  af- 
*'  tcr  which  tliey  adjourned  till  the  15th  of  December  ". 

The  Banifhed  Lords  having  renewed  their  Addrefs  to  the  Queen 
of  England  for  her  AlTiflance,  according  to  her  Promife,    a  Cabin 
Council  was  called,    to  confult  what  Method  was  mofl  proper  to 
be  taken  for  fatisfying  of  them,    fome  were  for  affifling  them  with 
Men  and   Money  (b),    but  that  Projedl  was  rejedfed,    becaufe  it 
might  involve  the  two  Nations  in  a  War ;  feveral  other  Expedients 
were  propofcd,  which  was  likewife  rejected ;  At  length,  Secretary 
Cecil  and  Sir  Thomas  Randolph  propofed,    that  the  Apple  of  Dif- 
cord  fhould   be  thrown  betwixt  the  Queen  and  her  Husband,    by  TheMi.ft, 
fomenting  Jealoufics  and  Sufpitions  betwixt  them,  by  which  Means  onhe'%- 
cithcr  the  one  or  the  other,  if  not  both,  fhould  become  a  Prey  tOnf'th,''o''«Ti' 
riieni,  and  the  Earl  oi  <*^orton,  who  was  their  faithful  Correfpon- Pw^rlh,'"" 
i\tnK^  and  entirely  irufled,  both  by  the  King  and  Queen,  and  every  ^J'^'J^^/j^ 

A  a  a  a  way 


It)  Htiful-nr  i-Vti^t  344.      (»)  Mitiyic  4*  U  Rojn*  d' Efioffc  Ch.p.  «. 


zyJi  Tlje  Life  0/  MARY,  ^een  0/"  Scotland  Vr.l.  fff. 

ATTts?.    ^^'^y  rufficieiitly  qualify'd  for  carrying  on  a  Plot,    was  pitched  upon 
^-''^^^'^    as  the  Man  to  whom  they  fhould  commit  the  whole  Manaj^cmcnt 
of  this  Affair.     Tliis  hellifh  Projedt  fuccecded  to  Admiration,     for 
hitherto  there  had  been  nothing  but  an  intirc  Love  betwixt  them, 
but  (^Morton  had  no  fooner  got  his  Inflrudtions,    but  the  Scheme 
of  Affairs  quite  altered,  for  he  went  ftraight  to  the  King  and  told 
him.  that  it  was  not  to  be  imagined  how  much  the  Nobility  were 
difatisfied   witli   the  Queen's  Familiarity  with  David  Riz^io,   her 
Secretary   for  her  French  and  Italian  Letters,    a  Stranger,    and  a 
Fellow  of  no  Birth,  whilft  ftie  negleded  her  ancient  Nobility;  and 
A/l.r(.»"'u°[ finding  that  the  King  was  pleafed  with  the  Freedom  he  ufed  witli 
•hit  in  t««-him,  he  proceeded  and  told  him,   that  his  Maiefty  bein^  by  Birth 
the  firft  Prince  or  the  Blood,  and  now  flusband  to  the  Qiieen,  he 
ou"ht  to  have  the  whole  Government  in  his  own  Hands,  and  that 
it  was  againft  the  Laws  of  God  and  Man,  that  Women  fhould  have 
the  Government  ;    as  Mr.  Knox  had  clearly  proven  in  his  Book 
againft  the  Regiment  ot  Women,  and  far  lefs  that  a  Wife  fliould 
have  Power  of  governing  over  a  Husband,    whom  by  the  Law  of 
God  flie  is  bound  to  obey,  therefore  he  advifed  him  to  claim  the 
matrimonial  Crown,  as  the  Queen's  Husband,    and  to  alTume  the 
Government  in  his  own  Perfon  ;  after  this  he  went  to  the  Queen 
and  told  her,  that  lie  fufpecfled  the  King  her  Husband  had  fuch  a 
Defjon,  and  that  he  being  but  young,  rafh  and  inconfiderate,  ifflie 
Ihould  grant  him  die  matrimonial  Crown,    and  that  if  he  fhould 
take  upon  himfelf  the  fole  Government,    he  would  be  but  a  meet 
Servant  o^  England' 'i,    where  he  was  born,  and  enflave  her,    their 
only  true  and  undoubted  Prince,  to  whom  the  Government  undif- 
puteably  belong'd.     Not  long  after  this,    the  King  demanded  the 
matrimonial  Crown,    which   the  Queen  refufing,    the  King  was 
firmly  perfwaded  that  this  was  done  by  the  Advice  of  Riz^io,    and 
tells  e^kforton  what  his  Conjedluic  was,    (*^orton  confirms  him  in 
his  Sufpicion,    and  to  incenfe  him  the  more  againfl  him,    he  tells 
him,  that  it  was  loudly  rumour'd  Abroad,  that  Rtz^io  and  the  Qiieen 
were  too  familiar;  this  fays  Caujjin  (a),  made  the  over  heated  Touth 
become  in  a  Manner  furious,  racked  with  the  two  Fiends  of  Jealoufy 
and  yimbition^  the  one  reprefentin^  to  his  difiurbed  Imagination,  that 
fje  pajjed  for  a  King  in  Fancy  on^,  and  had  but  an  imaginary  T'hrone; 
and  the  other,  that  a  Slave  was  a  Partner  in  his  'Bed;    which  made 
thoje  Heats  of  Love,  which  the  excellent  Beauties  of  the  Q^een  had 
raijed  in  his  Breajl,  to  burfl  forth  in  a  Flame,  ivhich  had  many  dif- 
mal  Ejfet^s.     T/?f  frjl  of  which,  was  the  murdering  of  his  imagina- 
ry Rival  in  her  own  Prefence,    big  with  Child,    and  grajping  her 
Garments  and  crying  for  Mercy  :  But  I  have  given  a  particular  Ac- 
count of  this  Murder  in  the  Life  of  the  Lord  Ruthven. 

The  Queen,  notwithffanding  of  this  horrid  Murder,  and  thebafe 
and  unworthy  Treatment  of  her  felf,  being  reconciled  to  her  Hu(- 
band,  and  the  Murderers  having  fled  to  England,  Sir  Robert  AtelvU 

who 


(4;  Life  of  Queen  Mary. 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  0/  MARY,  ^een  of  Scotland.  179 

who  was  at  this  Time  AmbalTador  at  the  Court  of  England  (a),  ';;^^^ 
was  ordered  to  require  the  Queen  of  England  to  deliver  up  Mor-  ^Q^,^ 
ton,  Ruthvcn  and  Lindfay-^    upon  which  Q.ucen  EliZjabeth  ilfued  t..t"i","doo''. 
out  a  Proclamation,  banilhing  them  out  of  her  Dominions,    but  atch^ouKiU- 
thc  fame  Time  fhe  fent  Mr.  Henry  KtUigrew  AmbafTador  to  Scotland^  (![!«*'"'" 
.10  complain  of  our  Queen's  harbouring  one  Mr.  Ruxbie  a  Papift, 
whom  ihe  proclaimed  a  Rebel,    and  was  greatly  in  Favour  at  her 
Court,  as  likewife  to  congratulate  her  Succefs  againfl;  her  Enemies ; 
and  fhe  fent  Word  privately  to  tlie  Murderers,    that  notwithftan- 
ding  of  her  Proclamation,  no  Harm  fhould  be  done  to  them,  pro- 
viding tiiey  were  quiet. 

This  Ruxbie,  was  a  Fellow  whom  Secretary  Cecil  had  fent  down 
to  Scotland,  to  be  an  Intelligencer,  and  to  procure  him  the  more 
Credit,  caufed  him  to  be  proclaimed  a  Fugitive  and  Rebel,  and 
pretending  to  be  a  bigoted  Papifl:,  he  got  Credit  with  the  Popifh 
Clergy,  especially  with  the  Bifhop  of  Rofs,  who  revealed  to  him  all 
that  he  knew,  which  he  puncftually  acquainted  Secretary  Cectl  of; 
yet  their  Correfpondence  was  not  fo  fecretly  kept,  but  that  Sir 
Robert  c^ehil  got  Notice  of  it,  and  of  a  Letter  that  the  Secretary 
liad  wrote  to  him  in  Cyphers,  wherein  he  promifed  him  a  fuffici- 
ent  Reward,  and  defired  him  to  continue  his  Diligence.  Sir  Robert 
having  advertifed  the  Queen  of  this,  he  was  apprehended,  and 
they  found  not  only  that  Letter,  but  all  his  other  Letters  to  Cectly 
■with  their  Anfwers  ;  upon  which  the  Queen  fent  for  the  Englijh 
Ambaflador  and  told  him,  TTjat  Jhe  had  caufed  apprehend  Ruxbie, 
and  zvould  fend  him  to  her  Sifier  the  Gjjieen  of  England,  whenever 
Jhe  pleafed  to  demand  him  :  But  fhe  told  him  nothing  of  the  true 
Caufe  of  his  being  feized,  for  fear  of  provocking  Queen  Eliz^abeth 
and  her  Secretary. 

The  Time  of  the  Queen's  Delivery  drawing  nigh,    the  Council 
met,  to  advife  upon  the  Place  where  her  Majefty  fhould  be  brought 
to  Bed,  and  it  was  agreed  that  the  Caftlc  of  Edinburgh  fhould  be 
the  Place,  and  that  the  Earl  of  u4rran  who  was  kept  Prifoner  there,  The  Qu«n 
fhould  be  fent  to  Hamilton,    and  confined  within  two  Miles  round  bed'^oF .' '° 
it,  he  obliging  himfelf  to  enter  Prifoner  upon  Demand  at  20  Days  iTj^^f 
\yarning,  either  in  the  CsiMe  of  Edinburgh,  T)unbar  or  'X>unbarton,"''^'J^"!"* 
as  fhould  be  required  ;   for  which  the  Earls  of  Murray  and  Glen-  3i,V*"oif«!'* 
cairn  became  Sureties.     The  Queen  being  conveyed  to  the  Caftle, 
fhe  gave  a  fplendid  Entertainment  to  all  tlie  Nobility  then  prefent, 
and  reconciled  them  to  one  another,    and  upon  the  19th  Day  of 
June  i$66,  betwixt  9  and  lO  of  the  Clock  in  the  Evening,  fhe  was 
brought  to  bed  of  a  Son,  to  tlie  great  Joy  of  all  her  Subjecfls,  for 
whicn  there  was  Thanks  given  to  God  the  next  Day  in  St.  Giles 
Church,  and  the  Lady  "Roynel  (b\  was  fent  in  the  Queen's  Name 
to  Sir  James  Melvil,    to  go  with  all  hafte  to  acquaint  her  Siflei" 
Queen  Elix^abeth  with  it ;  and  of  this  EmbafTy  you  have  an  Account 
in  the  Hiftory  of  that  Gentleman's  Life. 

A  a  a  a  1  The 

(,»)  MfUil't  M<nK.  fige  id.    (k)  M*\<iri  Mwa.  ?•(«  *r 


Ibo  The  Life  of  MAK  Y,  ^een  of  Scotland.  Vol.  fjf." 

^^"yP        The  General  Allembly  having  met  upon  the  25th  of  June,    the 
'^'^^^^    SiipcrintLMidant  of  Lothian  was  fent  by  them  to  t\\c  (^icen,    to 
i.iAiTemMy  tcmfv  thcif  jov  fot  thc  I'rincc's  Birth,  and  torecjuirethar  he  miyjit 
hVmouUbe  be  baptized,  according  to  the  Form  ufed  in  the  Reformed  Churche?, 
^TTcfr  *''  thc  Qtiecn  calling  for  the  Child,  that  thc  Supcrintend.int  might  fee 
"'"""■      him,  the  Superintcndant  taking  the  Child  in  his  Arms,    fell  down- 
upon  his  Knees,  and  made  a  fhort  Prayer  for  his  Happinefs  and  i'ro- 
iperity  :  But  concerning  this  Baptifm,    I  (hall  give  an  Account  in 
the  Hiltory  of  tliis  Trince's  Life. 
The  Kin.      By  tliis  Timc,    the  Earl  of  Murray  had   regained  the  Queen's 
muTj.'nnso'  Favout  uiorc  than  ever  he  had,    and  was  become  her  fole  Confi- 
'/!'/!J-.7'°o' dene,  which  the  King  taking  heinoufly  ill,  herefolved  to  treathim 
uh.df'hl^B"'.-  ^s  '1*^  '^"'J  treated  Rtz^io,  but  being  a  weak  Prince,  he  mifmanaged 
iH'fpi"''^'!  his  whole  Plot,    and  became  a  Sacrifice  to  the  Earl  of  Murrays 
Revenge,  which  happened  thus,  The^lueen  having  recovered fome 
Strength,  Jke  zvent  by  Waiter  to  Alloa  (a),  where pe  diverted  herjetf 
forfome  Days,  during  vjhich  Time,    the  Kmg  taking  this  Opportu- 
nity, revealed  to  her  the  whole  Contrivance  of  RizioV  Murder,    and 
how  that  all  was  owing  to  Murray,  and  that  unlefs  he  and  his  Compli- 
ces were  treated  after  the  fame  Manner,  neither  of  them  was  Jure  of 
their  Lives,  and  therefore  he  refolved  to  difpatch  him  (/>).    It  is  not 
to  be  imagined  with  what  Horror  and  Amazement  the  Queen  heard 
of  this  Propofal,  for  fhe  knew  not  where  this  Revenge  might  end  ; 
for  he  was  hardly  got  out  of  the  murdering  of  one,    when  he  was 
projeding  the  murdering  of  another  :     Befides,    fhe  had  fuch  an 
jnnare  Clemency  and  Mercifulnefs  in  her  Temper,    that  nothing 
could  be  more  affrighting  to  her;  Co  after  fhe  had  reprefcnted  to 
him  the  Heinoufnefs  of  the  Crime,  the  Diferacethat  it  would  bring 
upon  them  botii,  the  fatal  Confequences  that  would  attend  it,  ana 
and  how,  that  upon  Convidion  and  Tryal,    if  he  fhould  be  found 
Guilty,  he  might  be  punifhed.     And  LajHy,  She  plainly  told  him, 
that  unlefs  he  abandoned  all  fuch  wicked  Defigns,  he  could  have  no 
Share  in  her  Affe(ftion.     But   he  perfifting  fiill  in  his  Refolution, 
fhe    fhunned  his  Company   wherever  fhe  went,    hoping  that  this 
might  reclaim  him,    which  her  Enemies  attributed  to  the  hatred 
that  fhe  had  conceived  againfl  him  for  the  killing  of  Riz,io.     Thc 
King  perceiving  that  the  Queen  would  not  go  into  his  Meafures, 
he  told  his  Defign  to  feveral  of  his  Truflees,    by  which  Means  it 
came  to  the  Earl  of  (^Vliirrays  Ears,  who  did  not  feem  to  take  any 
Notice  of  ir. 

In  the  mean  Time,  the  Queen  being  informed  of  feveral  Dif- 
orders  committed  upon  the  Borders,  fhe  refolved  by  eafy  Journeys 
to  go  thither  her  felf,  to  hold  "jufttce  Courts^  then  known  by  the 
Name  of  Jufice  jiirs;  and  fhe  fent  James  Hephitrn  Earl  of  Both- 
well,  before  her  to  Liddifdale,  with  a  Commi/Tion,  for  fuppreffing 
of  all  fuch  as  he  found  in  Arms,  or  committing  Inrods  upon  the 
Englifh  Borders  ;    but  when  he  came  there,    he  met  with  a  very 

warm 

(«)  Spoif.  Lib.  4.  Pag.  lyt.    (!>)  M«rt)rte  de  U  Royne  d"  hfcofle  C«p.  J. 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  of  MAKY,  ^een  of  Scotland.  ^ 

Harm  Reception,  for  inftead  of  throwing  down  tlieir  Arms,  they  ^^"^^-^ 

not  only  defpifcd  him  and  his  CommiHion,    but  attacked  him  with  i^* 

fuch  Fury  and  Relolution,  that  altho"  there  was  not  any  Man  in  his 

Age  that  had  greater  perfonal  Valour  than  lie  had,   yet  he  hardly 

efcaped  witli  Ins  Life  (a),  being  dan^eroufly  wounded  by  John  Eliot 

otPcirk.     The  Queen  being  informed  of  Bothweirs  Misfortune  went 

to  vifit  him  at  the  Caftle  of  Hermitage,    where  lie  then  lay 'to  be 

cured  of  his  Wounds :  After  Ihe  had  ftayed  about  half  an  Hour  with 

him,  being  afraid  to  fall  into  the  Hands  of  thefe  Borderers,  fhetook 

Horfe,  and  ported  tliat  Niglit  to  Jedburgh,    where  /he  fell  into  a 

/liarp  Fever,    occafioned  by  the  Fatigue  of  her  Journey,    and  the  ^^'•■^"'^ 

Sharpnefs  of  the  Night  Air :  During  tli£  firft  twoDavs  oi  her  Illnefs  -atec 

(he  was  extremely  out  of  Order,  but  upon  the  third  i3ay  fhe  recover'd  "-^^jJ^l" 

the  \Jk  of  her  Reafon,  and  with  a  weak  and  feeble  Voice  calling 

for  thofe  who  Waited  upon  her,    fhe  told  them  with  a  very  fcrene 

Countenance  (b),    "  That  fhe  believed  a  few  Hours  would  remove  D«,h,'„t*; 

"  her  from  this  Life  to  a  better,  and  tiio'  fhe  had  been  fond  enough  bc'LToI.*"' 

"  of  Life,    that  now  fhe  found  it  no  hard  Thing  to  refolve  upon  STcljioi." 

"  Death  ;  and  altho'  flie  had  not  fpent  her  Time  fo  well  as  fhe  ou^ht 

"  and  might  have  done,  and  deferved  not  that  Happinefs  which  fte 

"  iiopcd  was  prepared  for  her,  yet  fhe  found  a  certain  Comfort  in 

"  knowinn;,  that  as  her  Creator  was  infinitely  juft,  he  was  infinitely 

"  merciful  too  ;    flic  thanked  God  fhe  had  'fo  much  Time  allowed 

*'  her  to  repent  for  her  Sins  pafl,  and  heartily  begged  for  Perfeverance 

"  and  Continuance  in  that  Faitli  in  which  fhe  was  educated.     Then 

*'  repeating  the  Creed  and  the  Lord's  Prayer,  fhe  recommended  to 

*'  them  Concord  and  Unity  amongft  themfelves,  tlie  Protection  of 

"  the  Royal  Infant  her  Son,  and  that  likewife  they  would  not  perfe- 

"  cute  her  Catholick  Subjedts,  fince  during  the  Courfe  of  her  Reign 

"  fhe  had  ever  been  fo  indulgent,  as  never  to  force  any  Man  to  the 

"  Exercife  of  any  Religion  to  which  his  Confcience  did  not  freely 

"  give  his  Confent.     Then  recommending  to  them  her  trench  Ser- 

"  vants,  fhe  addrefTed  her  felf  to  the  French  AmbafTador  Monfieur 

**  de  la  Crete,  faying,    Remember  me  to  the  King  your  Majler,  J  hope 

"  he  will  protect  my  dear  Son;  tell  him  from  me,  that  I  de  fired  he  ivould 

"  give  one  Tears  Revenue  of  my  Dozory  after  my  Death  for  the  Pay- 

*'  nient  of  my  T>ebts  and  Servants  Fees  :  "But  above  all,  tell  the  Queen 

"  (^Mother,    that  I  heartily  and  fincerely  ask  her  Forgivenejs  for  all 

"  tho^e  Ojfences  which  I  either  did,    or  was  faid  to  have  committed 

"  agatnji  her.     She  likewife  forgave  all  who  iiad  offended  her  any 

"  Manner  of  Way,    but  more  particularly  her  Husband,  and  the 

"  Murderers  of  her  Servant,  who  if  they  returned  after  her  Death 

"  fhe  hoped  they  would  not  fuffer  to  come  near  the  Prince  het 

«  Son. 

Tlie  King,  who  was  in  the  Weft  Country  with  his  Father  the  Duke 
of  Lennox,  being  informed  of  the  Queen's  Sicknefsy  hafted  to  Jed- 
burgh, but  finding  that  the  Qpeen  was  willing  to  have  more  Sati5fa(ffion 

B  b  b  b  from 


(«}  Crawf.  Mtm.  f<f  >•    i^)  IM, 


28i  The  Life  0/  MARY,  ^«rj  of  Scotland.  Vol.  flf. 

f^*^''*^    From  him  as  to  his  Defigns  than  he  was  inclined  to  give  her,  he  went 
^^^^v^     ftrei'^ht  to  the  Caftle  of  Stirling,    to  wait  till  the  Time  appointed 
for  tfic  Solemnity  of  therrincc's  Baptifm,  it  having  pleafcd  (iod  to 
Jovt^'h.1  have  recovered  the  Queen  out  of  her  Sicicnefs,   as  ihe  returned  to 
M«rt;'^t  Edinburgh,  at  the  Houfe  of  Cratgmilhr,   the  Karl s  of  o^lrgyle  and 
Vo".  .0  i°i;  Murray,  and  Secretary  Lithington  propofcd  a  Divorce  to  her  MajcAy, 
rJro'cdw.th  noways  doubting,  but  that  the  fceming  Averfion  that  ftic  fhcwed  to 
inj.goacon.  j^^^  Husband  was  a  real  one,  and  that  their  Propofal  could  not  but 
relifh  with  her:    The  excellent  Qjieen  was  as  much  furprized  with 
the  Extravagancy  of  this  Propofal,    as  with  the  Horridncfs  of  her 
Husband's  againrt  them,  and  asked  them  how  that  could  be  done 
without  putting  a  Stain  upon  her  Honour  (a)  ?  To  this  they  replied. 
That  there  was  no  Difficulty  in  that  upon  two  Accounts,  for  they 
could  prove  that  he  led  a  debauch'd  and  dilTolute  Life,    in  taking 
other  Women,  and  in  proving  him  to  be  the  Author  of  RiZjios 
Murder,  if  fhe  would  call  home  the  banifhed  Lords.     To  this  the 
Qiieen  replied,That  as  for  the  Debauchcdnefs  of  her  Husband,he  was 
but  young,  and  might  be  reclaimed  ;  and  that  if  any  Thing  led  him 
into  thefe  Meafures,  fhe  knew  that  it  was  his  own  eafy  good  Nature, 
that  mif»ht  be  tempted  by  bad  Company ;  but  for  recalling  the  Con- 
fpirators  to  ruin  him,  fhe  would  never  agree  to  :    So,  fays  fhe,  let 
Matters  fland  as  they  are,  till  it  pleafes  God  to  amend  them.  This 
Proiecfb  having  fail'd  them,  they  refolved  to  take  a  more  cffedual 
Method,  after  the  Ceremony  or  the  Baptifm  was  over:  Intjiemean 
Time  the  Minif^ers  railed  at  the  Queen,  becaufe  the  King  was  not 
prefent  at  the  Baptifm.     The  Authors  of  this  Queen's  Life  differ  in 
their  Accounts  of  the  Reafons  that  moved  the  Queen  not  to  have 
him  prefent,  but  that  which  feems  moft  probable  is,  that  the  Englijh 
AmbafTador  having  Infl:ru(flions  from  his  Miftris  Queen  Eliz^aheth 
not  to  own  him  as  King,  but  as  Lord  Darnly,  fhe  would  not  fuller 
him  nor  her  felf  to  be  fo  affronted  ;  and  being  loath  to  fall  at  Vari- 
ance with  theQiieen  of  England,  it  was  thought  expedient  that  he 
fhould  not  be  prefent,  but  keep  his  Chamber,  under  the  Pretence  of 
an  Indifpofition.     But  Bifhop  Lefly  tells  us,  if  he  be  the  Author  of 
the  Book  that  is  written  in  Vindication  of  Queen  Mary,  under  the 
Name  of  e^organ  Philips  {b).  That  it  was  the  French  Pox,  and  that 
fince  this  was  wrote  by  one  who  was  intimately  acquainted  with  him, 
prefent  at  the  Baptifm,  publifhed  in  three  different  Languages,  Latin, 
French  and  Englifh,  and  Eleven  Years  before  Buchanans  Death,  and 
never  anfwered  either  by  him,  or  any  of  his  Party,  we  have  Reafon 
to  believe  that  this  was  the  Poifon  that  the  Hiflorians  fay,    he  got 
ThtQuwn-.  ^"^  broke  out  upon  himinBoilsatC/^j^oty,  during  all  which  Time 
grc.tAffeai-  the  Qiieen  attended  him  like  a  Nurfe ;  but  altho'  the  Hand  of  God 
Huiba«d.     was  thus  upon  him,   yet  Murray  refolved  to  be  revenged  for  his 

Defign  againfl  him,  which  he  brought  about  thus  : 
feV'^^'the      The  Earl  of  Murray  by  his  own  Interefl,  and  that  of  his  Friends, 
M/.nd'^i,"  procured  the  recalling  of  Morton  ^ndLindfayiiom  England,  whom 

Complices.  "  I 

(«)  Spotf.  Lib.  4.  Pig.  196,  Mtitrre  it  U  Koyae  dc  Ercofle,  Cbap.  8.  Mclvil'i  Mem.  ubi  Aipia.    (i)  Lood.  1 570  in  8vo, 


Vol.  III.  T?;g  Ltfe  of  MAKY,  Queen  of  Scotland.  2.{^ 

the  Queen  pardoned  at  the  Defire  of  the  Endijh  Ambafla-  rv'^/N 
dor  (a),  and  finding  that  her  AfFedion  to  her  Husband,  notwitli-  CryS*' 
ftanding  of  all  the  Offences  he  had  given  her,  was  not  to  be 
removed  ;  he  and  his  Friend  Morton  refblved  to  murder  him,  and 
to  make  the  Earl  of  Bothwell  her  greateft  Favourite,  the  main  In- 
ftrumcnt  in  it ;  for  tliey  knew  him  to  be  a  Man  of  an  afpiring  (b) 
and  ambitious  Temper,  that  would  undertake  any  Thing,  that 
would  render  him  confiderably  greater  than  any  of  his  fellow  Sub- 
jecfts,  and  that  he  had  a  Boldnefs  and  Refolution  fuitable  to  his 
Ambition  ;  him  therefore  they  Addrefs  under  the  fpecious  Pretence 
of  an  inviolable  Friendfhip  for  him,  and  Loyalty  for  the  Queen 
their  Miftrifs,  who  was  extremely  abufed  by  her  Husband,  and  that 
they  knowing  his  Fidelity  and  Loyalty  to  her,  which  he  made  ap- 
pear upon  all  Occafions,  they  thought  they  could  not  make  their 
Applications  to  any  Perfon  that  could  afllft  them  with  Advice  and 
Counfel,  for  relieving  of  their  afflidted  Qiieen  better  than  to  him, 
and  they  knew  that  (he  was  a  Princefs  of  fuch  ftridl  Vertue,  that 
ihe  would  hear  of  no  Propofals  of  divorcing  from  him;  as  refledl- 
ing  upon  her  own  Honour,  fhe  herfelf  having  made  choice  of  him 
for  her  Husband,  againft  the  Advice  of  all  her  Friends,  and  of  all 
the  Princes  of  Eurofe  ;  yet  they  knew  that  it  would  be  a  moft 
agreeable  Piece  of  iiervice  done  to  her,  if  a  Method  could  be  fal- 
len upon  to  difpatch  him,  in  wl.ich  fhe  fhould  feem  not  to  have 
any  Hand  :  For  tho'  fhe  had  all  the  Reafon  in  the  World  to  take 
his  Life,  even  in  Law  and  Juftice,  for  murdering  her  Secretary, 
imprifoning  her  felf,  and  ufurping  the  Government  in  his  own 
Hands,  he  being  only  a  Subjed ;  yet  fuch  was  her  innate  Goodnefs, 
that  flie  had  pardoned  him  for  them  all,  and  that  to  their  Know- 
ledge, his  Lordfllip  had  fuffered  Riz^ids  Fate,  had  he  not  at  that 
Time  made  his  Elcape  out  of  the  Window  of  the  Palace,  therefore 
their  Opinion  was,  that  the  Queen,  in  whom  the  Safety  of  the 
Nation  confifted,  fhould  be  freed  from  the  harfh  Treatments  of  a 
Fool  and  Debauchee,  and  that  afterwards,  fhe  fhould  be  married  to 
fome  young  Nobleman  that  was  agreeable  to  her  ;  and  the  Nation, 
wlio  were  unanimoufly  againfl  her  marrying  any  foreign  Prince,  and 
they  knowing,  that  in  regard  of  his  many  fingular  Services  done 
to  her  M4)e(ly,  the  Accomplifhments  or  his  Perfon  and  Mind, 
that  none  could  be  more  agreeable  to  her  than  himfelf;  befldes, 
that  they  had  confidered  aU  the  Circumflances  of  the  refl  6f  the 
Nobility,  fome  of  which  fhe  would  not  marry,  becaufe  they  had 
offended  her,  others  flie  would  not  marry,  becaufe  of  their  Proxi- 
mity of  Blood,  others  had  Multitudes  of  Children,  and  would  ndt 
willingly  Divorce  from  their  Wives ;  fo  that  they  found  him  the 
fitted  Perfon  amongft  them  all,  for  being  a  Husband  to  her  Maje- 
fly,  and  that  if  he  would  fubfcribe  a  Paper  with  them,  and  go  imo 
rlieir  Meafures,  ihcy  and  moft  of  the  Nobility  would  fland  byhiih 
with  tlicir  Lives  and  Fortunes,    in  procuring  his  Marriage  with  tht 

B  b  b  b  i  Queen. 

,  1 1   «         

C<j  Mdrll'i  Mcmoiii  figc  ;).    (t>  Muiyrt  it  U  R.07M  a'tlcoO*  Ciup.  t. 


Z«4  "^f^^  ^'/^  of  MAK Y,  ^ceri  of  Scotland. Vol.  III. 

rs^/v*^  Qijecn.  Nocliing  could  be  more  rclilliing  than  this  Proportion  to 
^^K^  fuch  a  Man  as  Bothivcll  was :  So  after  his  Concurrence  with  them, 
in  rcqratin^  the  Queen's  harfli  Treatment  by  her  Husband,  and 
thanklno;  them  tor  the  Honour  they  had  done  him,  and  the  great 
Truft  tlfcyhad  put  in  him,  told  them,  that  he  could  not  fee  what 
way  lie  could  marry  the  Qiieen,  fince  he  had  a  Wife  of  his  own, 
ancJ  of  the  moft  co'nfiderable  Family  in  tlie  Nation,  fhe  being  the 
Barl  of //«w//ys  Daughter.  To  this  they  replied,  That  they  could 
cafily  obtain  a  Divorce  for  him,  by  pretending  that  he  and  his  Lady 
were  within  the  prohibited  Degrees,  and  that  he  had  committed 
Adultery  with  her  Coufin.  This  having  fully  fatisfied  'BothweUs 
Scruples,  he  being  a  Man  of  no  Confcience  or  Probity,  Blackwood 
and  Ca?//i>(lcn  fay  (a),  That  immediately  Indentures  were  drawn  up 
and  fubfcribed  by  thefe  three  Earls :  And  Biackioood  fays  (^),  That 
d/llcxandcr  Hay  Writer  in  Edinburgh^  wlio  was  afterwards  made 
Clerk-Ref;ifter  wrote  them,  and  he  was  alive  when  M^r^Ji^W  wrote 
this :  And  to  confirm  the  Truth  of  wiiat  they  fay,  John  Hepburn  a 
Servant  of  the  Earl  of  Bothzvelfs  openly  confelTed  when  he  was 
no'xu'y  to  Death,  That  as  he  fhould  anfwer  to  the  great  God,  Mur- 
ray and  Morton  were  the  principal  Authors,  Counfellors  anci 
Aihfters  with  his  Mafter,  of  this  execrable  Murder;  and  that  his 
Alaftcr  not  only  told  iiim  fo,  but  that  he  had  feen  the  Indentures 
interchanged  betwixt  them ;  wherein  it  was  agreed,  that  he  who 
had  the  bed  Opportunity  to  kill  him,  fhould  put  it  in  Execu- 
tion. 

During  the  Time  of  this  hellifh  Contrivance,  the  King  who  lay 
flck  at  Glafgow,  turning  daily  worfe  and  worfc,  the  Queen  being 
advcrtifcd  of  it,  went  with  all  hafte  to  vifit  him,  and  thinking  that 
it  miglit  haflen  his  Recovery,  fhe  not  only  was  heartily  reconciled 
to  him  ;  but  for  ten  Days  Time  fhe  waited  upon  him,  as  a  Nurfe 
would  do  upon  a  fickly  and  tender  Child,  and  that  he  might  be 
more  carefully  taken  notice  of,  fhe  caufed  him  to  be  tranfported  to 
Bdtnbnrgh;  whdre  he  was  lodged  in  the  X/H-/vf/(^,  as  the  befl  air'd 
Place  about  tiie  City. 

He  was  no  fooner  arrived  at  Edinburgh,  but  the  three  Earls  met, 
and  refolvcd  with  all  Expedition  to  put  their  Plot  in  Execution, 
and  having  agreed  upon  the  Manner  and  Method  of  it,  the  Day 
before  the  Murder,  the  Earl  of  c^urray  went  to  the  Queen;  and 
told  her.  That  his  Lady  was  very  fick,  and  therefore  begged  Leave 
to  go  to  the  Country  to  fee  her,  yet  he  could  not  refrain  himfelf 
Irom  faying  at  his  parting  with  my  Lord  Harris,  That  ere  to  Mof- 
roiu  he  Jhottld  hear  jlrange  JSfews ;  which  that  noble  Lord  afterward 
upbraided  him  with  to  liis  Face,  before  the  fw^///^  Commiffioners 
at  Tork'  The  Day  appointed  for  the  Murder  being  the  loth  of  Fe- 
bruary 1 567,  the  Queen  according  to  her  ordinary  Cuflom,  liaving 
parted  with  her  Husband  about  one  of  the  Clock  in  the  Morning, 
met,  as  fhe  was  going,  in  to  her  Palace,    a  Servant  of  the  Earl  of 

BQthwell\ 

(»)  fihckwosi  ubifar-Cnnbd.  AauU  of  Q^EUs.  td  Ai^  ij«7.    (0  f'B*  "> 


Vol.  Ill  The  Life  of  MAKY,  ^eert  o/" Scotland  185 

iBothweWs,  whom  flie  asked  where  he  had  been,  that  he  fmelled  fo  ^^f^, 
ftron"ly  of  Gun-Powder  :  Tlie  Fellow  made  fome  triffling  Anfwer,  *«^V^ 
and  no  further  Notice  was  taken  of  it.     About  two  of  the  Clock  in 
the  Morning,  the  Houfe  in  which  the  King  lodged,  was  blown  up 
with  Powder,  .whicli  made  fuch  a  terrible  Noife,  that  not  only  the 
Queen,  but  the  whole  City  was  alarm'd  with  it,  and  none  feemed 
more  tlian  the  Earl  of  Bothwell,    who  being  then  with  the  Queen, 
•was  fent  with  fome  other  Noblemen  to  fee  what  the  Matter  was. 
Bothwell  upon  his  Return  feemed  fo  concerned,    that  he  could 
hardly  tell  the  Story  to  her  Maiefty ;  but  at  length  he  got  through 
it,  and  told  her,  That  it  feemed  there  had  heenjome  Powder  lodged 
in  the  Houfe  zuhere  the  King  wcis,  zchich  had  accidental!)  taken  FirCj 
and  blown  up  the  Houfe  and  killed  his  c^ajej}y,  and  the  Gentlemen 
of  the  Bed-Chamber,  who  were  then  in  watting^ ;  who  were  all  found 
dead  at  a  confidcrable  'Di  fiance  from  the  Houfe,  in  an  Orchard  hard 
by  the   Town-Wall.     Upon  this  the  Queen   retired  to  her  Clofer, 
where  (he  wept  moft  bitterly.     Spotfiuood  fays  (a),    That  he  and  his 
Gentleman  zvere  firjl  Jlrangled  and  carried  to  the  Fields,    and  tht 
Houfe  blown  up  afterwards  ;  for  not  one  Bone  of  his  whole  Body  was 
either  broken  or  bruifed,    zuhich  mufi  needs  have  been  after  fuch  a 
'violent  Fall,  if  he  had  been  blown  up  with  the  Powder ;  beftdes,  there 
was  not  the  leafl  Stain  either  upon  his  Body  or  Shirt;    And  this  he 
fays  was  done  bv  Bothwell.     Sir  James  Melvtl  fays  (b),  That  he  was 
taken  out  of  his  Bed,  and  brought  dozvn  to  a  Stable,  where  they  fuffb- 
cated  him,    by  flopping  a  Napkin  in  his  Mouth  :    But,  Sir  Roger 
oAflon  an  Englijh  Man,    who  lodged  in  tlie  Kings  Chamber  that 
Night  (c),  being  one  ot  diofe  of  the  Bed-Chamber,  then  attending 
fays.  That  the  Earl  of  Dunbar  and  he,    having  fmelt  the  Fire  of  <* 
cratch,  they  leapt  both  out  at  a  Wmdozv  into  the  Garden;  and  that 
the  King  catching  hold  of  his  Sword,    and  fufpedfing  Treafon,    not 
only  again fl  himjelf,  but  the  Gfueen  and  the  young  Prince,    who  was 
then  at  Holy-Rood-Houfe  zvttlh  his  Mother,  defired  him  to  make  all 
the  Hajle  he  could  to  accjuaint  her  of  it,  and  that  immediately,  armed 
Men  rulhing  in  to  the  Room,  feiz,ed  upon  him  Jingle  and  alone,  and 
fobbed  him,  and  then  laid  him  in  the  Garden,  and  afterwards  bleiu 
up  the  Houfe;  and  that  the  King  s 'Body  being  viezved,  they  found  that 
he  was  not  in  the  leaf  fcorched  by  the  Fire,  but  fain.     And  this  Tale 
fays  Sanderfon,  was  told  by  y^pn  himfelf,  fince  he  came  into  Eng- 
land with  king  James  :     But  whatever  Truth  be  in  thefe  different 
Reports,  it  is  certain  that  he  was  murdered  by  the  Earls  of  ATwrray, 
Morton  and  Bothzvell,  and  their  Alfociates. 

Thus  died  Henry  Lord  Tfarnly,  in  the  zi  Year  of  his  Age,  who 
was,  fays  Mr.Crazvford,  (d).  One  of  the  handfomejl  Men  of  that  Jge,    ^^ 
exceeding  tail,    and  extraordinary  well  fhaped,    he  had    very  fine  a,r." 
Hair,   and  a   winning  Grace   in  niojl  of  his  uidions,    a  dexterous 
Horfe-Man,    and  the  beji  fkil/ed  in  warlike  Exercifes  of  any  in  his 
Time;  lut  wtthall,  was  fo  very  eafily  gained  upon,  that  there  was  no 

Cc  c  c T>if' 


ilClun; 


286  The  Life  0/  MARY,  gincen  of  Scotland  Vol.  /ff. 


A,7  .-g       jJijHculty  to  perfivade  hint  to  the  Belief  of  the  hardefi  Things,    nor 
Hid  the  invincible  Ties  of  Honour  and  Interefl  oblige  him  to  conceal 


^^^"^/^     could  the  invincible  Ties  of  Honour  and  Interefl  oblige  him  to  conceal 
even  Secrets  of  the  greateji  Importance. 

The  next  Day  atter  the  Murder  was  committed,  early  in  tlic 
',  *v«7,om  Morning,  arrived  Robert  Bury  {a)  from  Marfailes  ;  who  was  fcnt 
^'.T.mgth;  by  the  Arch-Bifliop  of  Glajgow  with  Letters  totheQiicen,  acquain- 
rCoV\iL\  ting  her  that  a  Plot  was  laid  againft  her  Life,  her  Son's  and  her 
*"'■  Husband;  but  who  the  Confpirators  were,  he  had  not  as  yet  lear- 

ned. In  the  mean  Tmie,  the  People  had  various  Conjcdhires 
about  the  Murderers,  fomc  fixing  it  upon  Murray  and  Morton^ 
others  upon  'Bothuell;  but  die  Minifters  pcrfwadcd  them  that  it 
was  die  Qiieen  :  But  her  Innocence  was  fufUciently  proven  after- 
wards, even  to  the  Conviiftion  of  die  Mob,  by  the  dying  Tcrtimo- 
nies  of  all  the  Murderers.  On  the  other  Hand,  the  Qiiccn  cau/cs 
She  i<r,.e.  publifh  a  Proclamation,  wherein  large  Sums  of  Moncv  were  pro- 
m.'tion'"''*"  mifcd  to  fuch  as  fhould  difcover  the  Murderers  ;  and  the  JulUce 
Mufdcre?s'  Gcnctal,  the  Harl  of  ylrgyle  was  ordered,  not  only  to  deliver  the 
(aid  Sumnies  to  the  Informer,  but  to  make  a  narrow  Search  after  the 
Murderers ;  but  he  being  Murray  and  Mortons  Friend,  negledeJ 
both.  In  the  mean  Time,  the  Queen  caufed  the  King  to  be  em- 
balmed and  buried  privately,  but  with  great  Decency  in  the  Church 
o(  Holy-Rood-Hoiife;  riie  Corps  being  attended  by  the  Lordjufticc 
Cleric,  Trac^uair  and  (cveral  other  Perfons  of  Qiiality  and  Note ; 
and  he  was  interred  in  the  fame  Vault  with  her  Father  King  J^ww 
the  Vth  ;  and  here  I  cannot  but  take  Notice  of  the  implacable 
Malice  of  Buchanan,  whofe  Account  of  this  Affair  from  the  Begin- 
ning to  tiie  End,  is  but  one  continued  Lye  ;  he  fays,  She  caufed 
him  to  be  buried  in  no  Manner  of  State.,  and  that  which  increafed 
the  Indignity  of  it  more.,  was.,  that  the  Grave  was  made  near  David 
RizioV,  as  if  fie  had  deftgned  to  facrifce  the  Life  of  her  Husband  to 
the  Ghofl  of  that  filthy  Varlet.  Now  there  was  an  exprefs  Art 
againft  the  burying  of  the  Dead  (  b),  after  the  Manner  of  the 
Church  of  Rome,  and  fhe  her  felf  was  allowed  but  one  Prieft  (c) : 
So  that  (he  was  under  a  Necedlty  of  burying  him  privately,  or  of 
difowning  the  Rites  of  the  Church,  whereof  flie  was  a  Member. 
And  as  to  what  he  fays  o(  Riz,ios  Burial-place,  which  in  die  Ac- 
count he  gives  of  his  Death,  he  makes  him  to  be  buried  in  the  Hie 
next  to  her  Father,  and  almoft  in  the  Arms  of  Queen  Magdalen 
her  Father's  firft  Wife ;  But  both  Queen  Mary  herfelf,  and  Bifliop 
Lefiy  in  his  Anfwer  to  Buchanans  Detertion,  declare  that  he  vi'as 
buried  in  the  Porch  of  the  Church ;  and  the  little  Kle  in  the  Body 
of  the  Church,  to  this  very  Day  is  vifited  by  Strangers,  upon  the 
Account  of  its  containing  the  Bodies  of  King  James  the  Vth,  and 
his  Queen  Magdalen,  with  the-  Lord  Darnlys,  which  fills  the 
whole  Breadth  of  the  Ifle,  and  acrofs  their  Feet,  lies  the  Body 
of  the  Countefs  of  Argyle^  natural  Daughter  to  King  fames  Vih, 
which  fills  the  whole  Length  of  the  Vault;  and  King  James  Vrh's 

two 


Vol.  Ill  The  Life  of  MAK  Y,  ^eert  of  Scotland. 187 

two  liulc  Sons,  are  Iving  above  tliefe  Coffins,  and  there  never  was  'J^)^, 
any  more,  nor  is  there  Room  for  tliem.  v^vw 

The  Queen,  after  the  Burial,  retired  to  the  Palace  o^  Section,  to 
pafs  the  Days  of  her  Mourninfi  with  her  faithful  Friend  tlic  Lord 
Seaton,    while  her  Enemies  at  Edinburgh  were  not  idle  ;     For  the 
Clerc^y  from  their  Pulpits,  the  Mob  upon  the  Streets,  and  the  Ear* 
of  Lennox  by  Letters,  accufing  her  ot  Slacknefs,  in  not  profecuting 
the  Murderers :  And  Lennox  in  his  Letters  (rtj,  condefcends  upon 
rhe  Earl  of  BothiveWs  being  one  of  them  ;    and  the  Queen  in  her 
Anfwcrs  to  him,  declares,  that  (he  will  concur  with  him  in  profe- 
cutin"  Bothioell  or  any  other  that  he  fufpeded  to  have  a  Hand  in 
that  Murder,  with  the  outmoft  Vigour  :  And  to  fatisfy  him  in  this, 
flic  fuinmoned   a  Parliament  to  meet,    that  he  might  be  tried  in 
open  Parliament,  as  the  moft  impartial  Way  of  proceeding  againft 
him  :  But  the  Earl  of  Lennox  being  impatient,  and  not  doubting 
but  that  he  could  prove  the  Murder  upon  him,  wrote  another  Let- 
ter to  the  Queen,  wherein  he  earneftly  prefl'es,    tliat  he  might  be 
tried  by  his  Peers,  before  the  Time  appointed  for  the  Parliament's 
fittiiif^  :     Upon  which  the  Queen  orders  him  to  furrender  himfelf 
Prifoner  in  the  Caftle  oi  Edinburgh,    in  order  to  his  Trial.     And  TheE.iiof 
accordingly  he  entered  himfelf  Prifoner  about   the  beginning  of  feflj";? 
^^arck   and  defiring  that  he  might  be  brought  to  a  Tryal  upon  ;^;,  m-^«^ 
the  l8th  of  the  fame  Month  {b).     Robert  Cunmnghame,  one  of  the  ^,^','=.'^"'  • 
Barl  of  Lennox  s  Domefticks,    entered  a  Protcflation  in  his  Mafler's 
Name  before  the  Juftice  Court,  againft  their  Proceedings  upon  that 
Day,    in   regard  that  his  Mafter  was  necefTarly  abfent  that  Day, 
becaufc  he  had  not  fufficient  Time  of  acquainting  fuch  Numbers  of 
his  ValFals  to  attend  him,  as  the  Safety  of  his  Life  required,  and  of 
cettin-^  a  fufficient  Number  of  Witneffes  :  Whereupon  he   took 
Inftruments,  and  the  Earl  of  Argyle  Juftice-General,  prorogued  the 
Court  at  tlie  Defire  of  the  Earl  ot'Bothwell,    to  the  nth  of  o^pril 
followinfT :  Upon  whicii  Day  the  Earl  of  Lennox  coming  to  Edin- 
burzk   with  a  numerous  Attendance,    completely  armed  (c),    the 
Queen  fcnt  him  Word  either  to  difmifs  or  difarm  fome  of  his 
Followers,    it  not  being  proper  that  he  fhould  enter  tlie  City  in 
fuch  a  hoftile  Manner ;    but  he  abfolutely  refufed  to  do  either  of 
them  •  The  Trial  neverthelcfs  went  on,  and  Bothwell  was  unani- 
mouOy  acquitted  by  a  very  honourable  Jury,   of  all  Sufpicion,   as  ^  And^"  «- 
well  as  A(ftion  of  Murder,  not  fo  much  as  one  probable  Circum- jj^jojo.,.. 
ftancc  bein"  adduced  againft  him  :    The  Jury  confiftcd  of  the  fol- 
lowing Pcrfons,  Gtlbert  Earl  of  Cajjils  Chancellor,    George  Earl  of 
Cdthnefs,  Andrew  Y.Sidot  Rot het.    John  Lord  Hamilton,  Comm.en- 
dator  of  Akrbrothick.  Laurence  Lord  Oliphant,    John  Lord  Herrts, 
Jarnes  Lord  Rofs,    Robert  Lord  Semple,  Robert  Lord  Bo^d,    John 
Mafter  of  Forbes,  witli  the  Lairds  of  Lochtnvar,  Barnbeugal,  Boyn, 
Lanvtoun  and  Cambufnetham. 

•^  C  c  c  c  1  The 

)  Vd.  M.  Cr.^rord-.O.II.aion..     (i)  Mr.  Ha*  Oh.  0«  ■•dw.  .  •»<  Ml.  Cr.W«.ia'lM«»».  Pig.  I<.     (0  C»«.  ilk.  1^ 


Z88  The  Ltfe  of  MAKY,  gneen  of  Scotland.  Vol.  ill. 


'i^'^  The  Parliament  having  met  at  Edinburgh  upon  the  19th  of 
»-^^  ^prily  tliey  likewifc  votea  him  Innocent  ot  all  tliat  was  laid  to  his 
p..ii.mcnt.'ciiar;;c  5    and  Murray  and  Morton  having  gain'd  a  great  many  of 


the  Nobility  to  the  Project-  of  the  Queen's  Marriage  with  Bolhcvell, 
after  the  Parliament  rofe,  he  invited  fcverals  of  them  to  Sup  with 
him  at  one  ^injlys  a  Vintner  in  Edinburgh;  where,  after  he  had 
oiven  them  a  (plendid  Entertainment,  they  drew  up  and  fubfcribcd 
a  Bond,  wherein  they  reprefent  to  her  Majcfty  the  Dangers  of  a 
fuii^le  Life  ^  and  that  if  fhe  would  be  pleafed  to  marry  the  Earl  of 
i.iY  fnihcite 'Soz/jfyf//,  they  promife  for  themfelves,  and  all  their  Followers,  that 
Ioma!^'ih"  they  would  alllfl,  maintain  and  defend  them  againfl  all  their  Ene- 
t.rjofB,/i.  ^.^'^  with  their  Lives  and  Fortunes  to  the  utmofl  :  And  if  they  fail 
in  this,  they  dcfireto  be  held  in  Repute,  as  having  no  Honour  or 
Honefty  in  them,  and  in  all  Times  hereafter  to  be  accounted  as 
unworthy  and  f  aithlcfs  Traitors.  This  Bond  is  to  be  fccn  in  the  Cotton 
Library  at  London,  fubfcribcd  by  the  Earls  of  o^array,  ^rgyle^ 
Hnntly,  Caff  lis,  Morton,  Sutherland,  Rothes,  Glencairn,  Caithnefs : 
The  Lords,  Boyd,  Seaton,  Sinclair,  Semple,  Oliphant,  OgHvte,  Rojs, 
Halket,  Carl.fie,  Herns,  Home  and  Jndermeith. 

Bothweli  having  obtained  this  Bond,    raifes  Soo  Horfc,  under  a 
•ho  uk«.  Pretence  of  an  Expedition  to  Liddtfdale ,  but  marching  ftreight  to- 
Pn'ow"'"  wards  j/;W/«^,  where  the  Queen  then  was  vif  icing  her  Son,  at  J^lmond 
Bridge  he  met  the  Queen  returning  to  Edinburgh,    and  carried  her, 
the  Earl  of  Huntly,  Secretary  Lithmgton,  and  her  other  Attendants 
to  the  Caflle  of  Dumbar,  wliere  he  prefented  her  with  the  Rcquefl 
of  the  Nobility,  under  their  Hands  and  Seals,  entertained  her  mofl 
courteoufiy  with  all  the  preHmg  Demands  and  Submi/Tions  of  a  Lover; 
and  in  the  mean  Time  the  Earl  o(  Murray  and  his  A ifociates  carried 
on  the  Divorce  in  two  different  Courts :  In  the  one  fat  by  Commif- 
fion  from  the    Arch-Bifhop  of  St.  oydndrews  {a),    Robert    Bifhop  of 
Vunkeld,   William  Bifhop  of  Duwblain,    Mr.  oArchibald  Crawford 
I'arfon  of  Egilff^atn^Mr.  John  Manderjlon  Canon  of  the  College  Church 
of  Dumhar,  Mr.  Alexander  Crichton,  and  Mr.  George  Cook  Canons 
of  the  Church  oi  Dunkeld:  In  theotiier,  as  Judges  conflitute  by  the 
Queen's  Authority  in  all  Caufcs  confiftorial,  (at  Mr  Robert  Maitland, 
Wr.  Edward  Henryfon,  Mr.  Alexander  Sim  and  Mr.  Clement  Little: 
And  in  both  thefc  Courts  the  Sentence  of  Divorce  was  pronounced, 
but  upon  different  Grounds ;  for  in  the  Arch-Bifhop's  Court  it  was 
founded  upon  their  Confaneuinity,  and  in  the  other  upon  Adultery. 
lOTOiIyhim  Yet  notwithftanding  of  all  tnis,  fhe  not  only  refufed  to  marry  him, 
but  was  highly  difpleafed  with  any  that  propofedit;  and  happy  had 
it  been  for  her,  had  (he  flood  in  this  Rcfolution :    But  the  Earl  of 
,l^nct^^!h'  Murray,  whom  fhe  had  always  the  Misfortune  to  believe  her  Friend, 
Ihr^.'^ILc"  told  her,  that  there  was  an  abfolutc  Nece/fity  for  itj    for  fhe  being 
1?.M.^"""' alone,    and  without  Afliftance  either  from  England  01  Irance,  fhe 
could  not   protcft   her  felf  againfl  any  of  her   rebellious  Subjeiffs, 
without  marrying  fome  powerful  Nobleman  amongfl  them ;    and 

fincc 

(«]  Sfoltwood,  Lib.  4.  Pag.  tei. 


(I'ge. 


Vol.  Iir.  The  Lift  of  MARY,  §lueen  of  Scotland.  189 

fiiice  tlie  moft  oi  the  Nobilicy  had  fworn  to  ftand  by  him,  if  fhe  did  2T>0 
not  comply  with  rheir  Proporal5    he, did  not  know  where  it  miahc  ^-^vs*' 
end.     But  how,    fays  fhe,  can  I  comply  with  the  jnarrying  a  Man 
that  is  divorced  from  his  Wife  upon  ,the  Account  of  Adultery,  and 
that  has  been  ftaincd  with  the  murdering  of  mvHujband?  How  will 
Pofterity  look  upon  this  Adlioil,    and  what  Contempt  will  it  bring 
upon  me  by  all  the.  Princes  in  Europe  ?    And  with  that  fhe  fell  a 
weeping  mofl  bitterly.     But  Murray  Itill  urged  the  Necefl^ty  fhe  lay 
under,  and  that  as  to  his  bein^  flained  with  her  Husband's  Death, 
he  had  cleared  himfelf  of  it  to  the  Satisfaction  of  the  whole  Nation.: 
And  that  of  his  Adultejy  was  a. nicer  Calumny,  and  fhe  need  have 
no  Scruple  upon  Account  of  the  Divorce,,  fince  his  Lady  was  lately 
dead,  {a)  tho'  another  Hiftorian  alTures  us,     that  at  tliat  Time  fhe 
had  married  the  Earl  of  SHnderland  in  England  (l>).     In  one  Word 
he  reprefented  Things  to  her  in  fuch  a  difmal  View,  that  he  frighted    she  is  hu 
the  poor  Queen  into  the  Marriage  :    And  'Bothzvcll  being  created  b.^w.".'"' 
Duke  of  Orkney  arid  Zeatlandy    they  were  married  upon  the  15th 
Day  of  Qy^da;^  1 567,  in  the  Palace  of  Holy-Roqd-Hoitfe,  by  ^^dam 
Bothwell  Bifhop  of  Orkney.    If  we  confider  this  Acftion  of  the  Qiieeri's 
in  all  its  Circumflances,  we  have  not  fo  much  Reafon  to  tiunk  her 
fuch  a  Perfon  as  her  Enemies  have  reprefented  her  upon  thisOcca- 
fion  :  For,  fays  Caujjin  (c),    Who  Jhall  contemplate  her  alone  as  the 
Morning  Star  in  the  midfl  of  Jo  many  Clouds  ivithout  ^jftfance,  ivith- 
out  Forces,  without  Counjel  ?    Perfecuted  by  her  Brother,  outraged  by 
her  rebellious  Subjedh,    betrayed  by  the  ^l^een  of  England  under  the 
Colour  of  good  Will :    Sought  for  in  <*y^iarriage  by  Force  of  Arms  by 
the  Princes  of  her  ozcn  Realm ;  he  fhall  find  that  fie  hath  done  nothing 
foolifly,  in  choofing  thofe  by  Friendfip,  which  Necejjity  did  fi^e  her 
by  Force  ;  and  whether  there  are  Times  and  Revoh-.t  ions  Jo  dangerous 
and  remedilejs,  in  which  we  have  no  other  Pazver  left  t.'s,  but  only  to 
defroy  ourjehes. 

This  Marriage  was  no  fooner  accomplifhed,  but  thefe  Noblemen 
who  had  forced  her  to  it,  exclaimed  againft  her  for  it  ;  which  be- 
ing backed  with  the  thundering  Exclamations  of  the  factious  Clergy 
from  their  Pulpits,  the  whole  Nation  was  in  an  Uproaf. 

The  Earl  of  (^Mar,  who  had  the  Cuftody  of  the  young  Prince, 
being  afraid  that  the  Duke  of  Orkney  might  prevail  with  the  Queen 
to  demand  the  young  Prince  from  him,  and  that  he  might  difpatcii 
him  as  he  had  done  his  Father,    in  Cafe  the  Queen  fhould  prove  TheEiMof 
with  Child  to  him,    to  fecure  the  Succcftion  of  his  Body  to  the  T\  "11" 
Throne,  wrote  to  feverals  of  the  Nobility  to  meet  him  at  Stirling  l''t  '*'"»■ 
that  they  mightjgive  him  their  Advice  in  fuch  an  important  Affair  j  ''''''^  '** 
and  tlie  Earls  ofArgyle,  Athole,  Morton  arid  Glencairrt,  the  Lords  '""*  '"" 
Lindjay  and  Boyd  having  met  him  at  Stirling,  they  entred  into  a 
Bond  of  Aifociation  for  Defence  of  the  young  Prince  j  in  the  doing 
of  which,    they  told  her,  that  they  had  no  Defign  againfl  her  Per- 
fon J    But  when  the  Queen,  by  Bothwelts  Perfuafion,    caus'd  draw 

D  d  d  d  another 

(^>  VU.  BUc*wood,  Cb.|>.  y.  F.g.  i»;.    (t)  {MiUHba'i  Lif*  of  Q^t.o  Muj,  p.j.  47.    (.)  Lift  at  C^iiNn  M.r^, 


•ft 


200  The  Ltfe  of  MARY,  §lutth  o/"  Scotland.  Vol.  fff. 

f^*>^^^  another  Bond  for  the  Defence  of  her  Perfon  and  his,  and  wlMcti 
'^^'V^  was  fubfcribed  by  all  the  Noblemen  and  Barons  who  canne  to  Court : 
The  Earl  of  Murray  rcfufed  to  fubfcribe  it,  under  the  fpecious  Pre- 
text, that  all  Subjects  by  their  Birth  and  Duty  were  bound  to  defend 
her  Ma)cfl;y's  Perfon  :  And  now  finding  that  this  Plot  had  rucccedcd 
to  Admiration,  and  that  a  Civil  War  was  ready  to  break  forth,  that 
he  mi"ht  not  feem  to  have  any  Hand  in  it,  he  begged  Liberty  from 
the  Queen  to  permit  him  to  travel  for  fometime,  which  he  I)aving 
with  "rear  Ditiiculty  obtained,  not  that  fhe  was  any  ways  fufpicious 
of  him,  but  as  one  whom  fhe  greatly  trufted  for  his  Advice  and 
Coun('el,  he  ported  immediately  to  Englani,  and  went  from  tliencc 
to  France;  but  before  lie  went,  that  he  might  appear  altogether 
innocent  of  the  Mifchief  that  he  had  contrived,  he  left  the  Manage- 
ment of  his  Eftate  to  the  Duke  o(  Orkney,  by  which  Means  he  doubted 
not  to  fecure  himfelf,  in  Cafe  that  the  Rebellion  that  he  defigned 
to  raife,  in  his  Abfence  fhould  prove  unluccefsful. 

The  Fears  of  the  Court  ftill  increafing,  the  Bifhop  of  T>timblam 
JmuZ  was  fent  to  France,  to  acquaint  that  Court  of  the  State  of  Affairs  in 
u  ".°5"n:  Scotland ;  and  amongit  other  Things  in  his  Inftrudf  ions,  which  are 
Ihrsut'.'of  to  be  feen  in  the  Cotton  Library  at  London,  (he  fays,    That  when 
Aff.ir..'"  °  SothzveU  feized  her  at  e^/wo«^  Bridge,  he  fhewed  her  a  Bond  fub- 
fcribed by  the  Nobility,  defiring  her  to  marry  him,  which  mightily 
furprized  her,    never  havin"  heard  any  Thing  of  it  before  :    And 
adds,    That  this  was  the  only  Reafon  that  made  her  comply  with 
the  Match,    otherwife  her  rebellious  Subjeds  had  dethroned  her. 
She  confirm.  The  Qiiecn  likewife,  that  (he  might  ingratiate  her  felf  with  the  Clergy, 
iheVftTbi'm-  caufed  a  Proclamation  to  be  made   over  the  Crofs  of  Edinburghy 
rouftint''"  wiicrein  Ihe  declared,  that  all  Writs  obtained  from  her  againrt:  tlie 
fnd'^inX  eftablifhed  Religion  fliould  be  null  and  void;    after  this^fhe  made 
cotftlr  choice  for  her  Counfellors,    the  Earls  of  Crawford,  Jrrol,  C^tls, 
Morton,  Rothes,  ^tbol,  Marifchal,  Jrgyle,  Caithnefs  and  Hmtly; 
the  Lords  Boyd,  Herris  and  Oliphant,  the  Arch-Biihop  of  St.  ^«- 
drews,  the  Bifhop  of  Galloway,  and  the  Bi(hop  of  Rojs. 

All  Things  being  thus  fettled,  the  Queen  being  informed  that  fome 
of  the  Borderers  were  very  unruly,  fhe  emitted  a  Proclamation,  re- 
quirin<y  her  Subjecfts  to  attend  her  to  the  Borders  well  armed,  and 
as  it  was  ufual  in  thefe  Cafes,  with  15  Days  Provifions :  Norton 
taking  hold  of  this  Opportunity  to  begin  the  Rebellion  concerted 
betwixt  him  and  o^urray,  with  whom  he  kept  a  clofs  Correfpon- 
dence,  caufed  a  Rumor  to  be  fpread  through  the  Country  that  fhe 
was  raifing  thefe  Forces  to  take  her  Son  out  of  the  Earl  of  Mars 
Hands :  Upon  this  fhe  publifhed  another  Proclamation,  wherein  fhe 
declared  that  fhe  had  no  fuch  Defign,  being  very  well  fatisfied  thac 
her  Son  fhould  be  in  the  Hands  of  that  noble  Earl,  and  that  as  fhe 
had  trufted  him  to  fuch  a  Governour,  as  other  Princes  in  former 
Times  were  accuflomed  to  have,  fo  her  motherly  Care  for  his  Safety 
and  good  Education  fhould  be  made  apparent  to  all.  But  rhey 
having  no  Regard  •"q  this,  were  daily  gathering  together ;  upon 
^  which 


Vol.  III.  The  Ltfe  of  MARY,  ^een  o/ Scotland.  ^j 

wiiicii  ftie  and  the  Duke  of  Orkney  retired  to  Borthvjick  Caftlc,  but  :>>Vr< 


All.    15S7. 


they  being  infonned  of  it,  Morton  and  //owf  with  all  tlie  Secrecy 
imaginable,  raifed  what  Forces  they  could  get  together,  and  in^Xfi 
thought  to  have  furprifed  tiiem,  and  they  were  very  ifcar  fucceed-  -uM^tl 
ing  in  their  Enterprife,  the  Queen  having  very  narrowly  made  her  S^.I^Uo 
Kfcape  in  Mens  Apparel.  i^^^^"  ^er 

The  Queen  and  the  Duke  having  got  into  tlic  Caflle  oiDunhar  Jl^f"'^"*- 
the  Rebels  marched  ftraight  towards  Edinhnrgh;    the  Arcli-Bifjiop  " 
of  St.  aAndreivs,  the  Bifhop  of  Rofs,  tiie  Abbot  of  Kilwinning  and 
the  Lord  Boyd  being  then  in  the  City,  went  to  the  Ma^iftratcs  and 
endeavoured  to  perlwade  them,    not  to  admit  of  the  Rebels,'  and 
to  raife  the  Inhabitants  to  oppofe  them  :    But  all  that  they  could 
obtain,    was,    that  they  clofed  their  Gates  againft  them ;    but  no  \^\7,Z?,' 
Refiftance  being  made;    they  eafily  broke  open  tlie  Gate  of  Saint  "''  "'"'''''^ 
i^arys  Port,  and  entered  the  City  in  Triumph  :  Upon  which  the  *'°"'in 'h'^' 
Queen's  Friends  retired  to  the  Caftle,    where  they  were  feemin^ly  f""«'  °* 
well  received  by  Sir  James  Balfour  the  Governour,    who  in  die 
mean  Time,  was  under  Capitulation  for  delivering  of  it  up  to  the 
Rebels.     The  next  Day  {a)  being  the  nth  oi  June,    die  Rebels 
publifhed  a  Proclamation,  wherein  they  declared.  That  their  whole 
Intention,    was  to  deliver  the  Qjieens  Majejly  out  of  the  Hands  of 
Both  well,  who  had  taken  her  Prtfoner,  and  forced  her  mojl  difgrace- 
ftdlyto  marry  him^  and  that  he  being  the  Author  and  the  mainA£ior 
in  the  Kings  Murder,    and  now   raifing  Forces  to  take  the  young 
Prince,  and  to  kill  him  as  he  had  done  his  Father ;   and  fince  it  ivas 
hut  jufl  that  the  Glueen pould  be  Jet  at  Liberty,    and  that  the  [aid 
Bothwell  and  his  Accomplices   in   the  King's  Murder,     fhould  be 
punijhed  according  to  Law  ;    they  therefore  Charge  and  Command, 
that  all  her  ti^ajejlys  Subjects  within  the  Kingdom,  be  in  Readme fs 
to  join  them  upon  three  Hours  loarning,.  and  Commands  all  fuch  as 
xoill  not  pin  them,  to  depart  out  of  the  Town,    under  Pain  of  beinf 
reputed  as  Enemies,  and  treated  as  fuch.     On  the  other  Hand,  iJie 
Queen  havinj^  got  togetlier  an  Army  of  about  4000  Men,    came 
from  the  Cartlc  of  Dunbar  to  Gladfmuir,    where  fhe  caufed  them 
to  be  muftered,  and  a  Proclamation  to  be  read  to  them,  wherein 
after  the  narrating  of  all  the  Things  they  had  laid  to  her  Charge 
flie  gives  them  a  true  Narrative  ot  all  her  Proceedings,  and  theirs, 
as  we  have  reprefented  them  ;    and  therefore,    fince  flie  was  coii- 
ftrained  to  take  Arms  in  her  own  Defence,  not  out  of  Choice    but 
Neceflity  ;  Ihe  doubted  not  of  the  AHiftance  oi  her  good  Subiedfs 
or  of  the  Courage  and  Valour  of  thefe  who  were  prefeiit,  promi- 
fing  them,  in  Recompence  of  tiicir  Valour,  the  Lands  and  Pofl'dh 
{Ions  of  the  Rebels,  which  fhould  be  dillributed  according  to  the 
Merit  of  every  Man.  ^ 

After  this  Proclamation  was  read  to  the  Army,  they  marched 
(Iraiglit  towards  Edinburgh^  and  fhe  lodged  that  Night  at  Seatori 
Tile  Rebels  at  Edinburgh  having  got  Notice  about  Mid-night,  that 

Ddddi  the 


t«)  SpulC  Lik.  «.  N|«  toy  Om^o><>  Mwi»ii<  P<(t  i». 


291  17?^  Life  of  MARY,  §lu<en  of  Scotland. Vol.  Iff. 

r>^\^  the  Queen  \v^s  marching  towards  them,  they  immediately  beat 
i^v^  Drums,  and  at  Sun  rifing,  marched  towards  Mufleltirgh  (a),  where 
they  rcfrcflicd  themfelves  with  Store  of  good  Viiftual.s,  which  they 
had  brought  from  £^/wW^/>  with  them  ;  about  Noon,  their  Scout? 
brought  ?hem  Word,  that  the  Queen's  Army  was  beginning  to 
march  :  Upon  this,  they  immediately  formed  themfelves  into  two 
Battalions;  the  flrfl:  was  commanded  by  the  Earl  of  Morton  and  the 
Lord  Home ;  the  fecond  by  the  Earls  of  ^thol,  Mar  and  Glencairn^ 
who  were  joined  by  the  Lords  Lindjay,  Ruthven,  Semple  and  Sanquhar; 
the  Lairds  oi  Drumlanrig.TiUibar'dine,  Cefsfoord,  Grange  and  other 
Perfons  of  Note,  in  Number  noways  inferior  to  the  Queen's  Army, 
and  much  fuperior  to  them  in  other  Ilefpeds,  the  mod  of  them 
being  well  fecn  "in  warlike  Excercifes,  and  well  ftored  with  Wine, 
Ale  and  all  other  Liquors,  that  they  liad  brought  alongft  with 
them  (l>)  ;  wliereas,  the  Queen's  Army  for  the  moft  Part,  were 
undifciplined  Men,  and  ill  provided,  both  as  to  Meat  and  Drink  ; 
fo  that  having  nothing  to  drink  but  Water,  and  the  hot  Weather 
being  at  that  Time  excefllve,  more  than  the  half  of  them  deferred. 
The  two  The  two  Armies  having  met  at  Carberry  Hill,  the  Queen  being 
.'t'"cX;'  encamped  on  the  Top  of  the  Hill,  the  Laird  of  Gr^w^^,  with  the 
"'"■  Laixds  of  Drumlanrig,  Cefsfoord,  Coldenknows,  and  about  two  hun- 
dred Horfe-  Men  (c),  thought  to  have  got  betwixt  her  and  the  Caftle 
of  Dunbar,  whilft  the  main  Body  of  their  Army  were  ordered  to 
march  up  the  Hill,  and  to  give  her  Battle;  but  finding  that  thev 
could  not  well  do  this,  becaufe  of  the  deep  Afcent  of  the  Hill, 
and  the  Sun  being  in  their  Faces,  they  marched  towards  the  right 
Hand,  that  they  might  have  the  Sun  in  their  Backs,  and  a  plainer 
Afcent  to  the  Hill. 

The  French  AmbafTador  Mr.  la  Crotte,    feeing  them  ready  to 

enf^age,  endeavour'd  to  mediate  a  Peace  betwixt  them,  and  coming 

to^Morton,  he  told  him.  That  he  found  the  Glueen  indtned  tofpare 

the  (heddtng  of  her  SubjeSis  'Blood,  and  ivilling  to  pardon  them,  if 

they  loould  Ufen  to  reafonable  Terms.     To  this  Morton    replied, 

That  they  had  not  taken  Arms  againfl  the  Queen,    but  againji  the 

Murderer  of  the  King  (d),  whom  tffie  zvoulddeltver  to  be  punijhed, 

or  put  from  her  Company,  fie  would  find  nothing  more  defired  by  them, 

kCTV^-  and  Jl  her  other  Subje(^s,  than  to  continue  in  their  dutiful  Obedience 

fZh'^Km- towards  her,   otherwife  no  Peace  could  be  made.     The  AmbafTador 

'"*'''"•     perfifting  in  his  Propofal  of  their  hearing  of  reafonable  Terms, 

and  of  their  begging  Pardon  of  her  Majefty  ;    he  told  him  with 

great  Rudenefs,   That  they  came  not  to  ask  Pardon  for  any  Offence 

they  had  committed,   but  to  give  Pardon  to  thofe  who  bad  offended 

them  :   Upon  this,    the  AmbafTador  giving  over  all  Hopes  of  an 

Accommodation,  retired  towards  Edinburgh.  Morton  knowing  that 

it  might  be  of  fatal  Confequence  to  him  and  his  Accomplices,  to 

have  Bothwell  delivered  up  to  them,    in  cafe  he  (hould  make  a 

Difcovery  of  his  being  Art  and  Part  in  the  Murder ;  therefore,  he 

made 

(i)  Spot.  Lib.  4.  P»6«  »o«.    Ct)  M«lrU'i  M«m.  P.gc  83.    (»)  Sfo«.  Lib.  4-  P't'  »o<'    10  Spot.  ibid. 


Vol.  III.  Tl)e  Life  of  MARY,  ^een  o/^ Scotland.  29 j 

made  the  Alternative  of  the  Queen's  banifhing  Bothioell  her  Com-  ^^f^^ 
pany,  knowing  that  fhe  would  more  willingly  comply  to  this,  than  vAI<«s/ 
to  the  dcliven'ng  of  him  up  to  the  Mercy  oi  the  Mob. 

The  CLueen  finding,  that  if  fhe  put  all  to  thePIazardof  a  Battle, 
fhe  might  in  all  probability  be  worfted,  therefore,  fhe  fent  the  Laird 
of  Ormijlon  to  dcfirc  IVtUiam  Ktrkaldy  Laird  of  Grange,   to  fpcak 
to  her  (a),  which  being  granted,    after  fhe  had  vindicate  her  fclf 
from  t!ie  vile  Afperfions  they  had  thrown  upon  her,  and  upbraided 
tlicm  for  tlieir  Rebellion  ;    fhe  told  him.    She  icould  gladly  know 
what  they  propofed  to  themfehes.     To  this  Grange  anfwered  ;  as  he 
had  been  niftrucfled  by  Mortorr,    That  they  zvere  her  moft  faithful^ 
wofl  loyal  and  dutiful  Suh^eiis,  they  having  nothing  clfe  in  their  View^ 
but  to  defend  her  jacred  Perfon,   and  to  rejcue  her  out  oj  the  Hands 
of  the  'Duke  0/ Orkney,  zvho  had  rendered  himfelf  odious  to  the  com- 
mon People,    as  being  Jufpeded  to  be  the  Murderer  of  the  King  her 
Husband;  and,  that  tf  jhe  would  rely  entirely  upon  them,  andbanifh 
the  T)uke  from  her  Company,    till  a  farther  Trial  ivas  made  of  his 
Innocency,  he  zvould  not  only  for  himfelf  but  for  aU  the  refi,  pro?nife 
the  outmojl  Obedience  and  Submijjton  to  her,  in  all  that  fie  could  de- 
fire.     Upon  this,  fhe  defired  'Bothwell  to  retire  to  the  Caftle  of 
Dunbar,  till  what  was  laid  to  his  Charge  fhould  be  further  exami- 
ned, and  Matters  fettled  betwixt  her  and  them  :  And  the  Laird  of 
Grange  promifed,    That  none  fould  be  fent  in  Purfuit  after  him  : 
For  they  were  very  much  afraid  as  I  have  faid,  that  if  he  were  taken 
and  harfhly  dealt  with,  he  might  reveal  all :  So  having  acquainted 
the  Lords  of  the  Conditions  he  had  propofed  to  the  Queen,    and 
of  her  Willingnefs   to  accept   of  them   (b),    they  gave    him  full 
Commiflion  to  agree  with  her  upon  thefe  Articles.     He  rode  up 
the  Hill  again  fays  Sir  James  Melvil,  and  faw  the  Earl  of  Bothwell 
part,  and  came  down  again,  and  aflured  the  Lords  thereof  Upon 
rwhich  they  defir'd   him  to  go  up  the  Hill  again  and  receive  the 
Queen,  who  met  him;  and  faid  Laird  o(  Grange,    I  furrender  my 
felf  unto  you  upon  the  Conditions  you  rehearfed  to  me  in  the  Name  of 
the  Lords.     Whereupon  fhe  gave  him  her  Hand  which  he  kided, 
leading  her  Majefty's  Horfe  by  the  Bridle,  down  the  Hill  to  the 
Lords,  who  having  met  her,  fhe  addrelTed  herfelf  thus  to  themCf), 
J  am  come  to  you  my  Lords,  but  not  out  of  any  Fear  I  had  to  my  Life,  jthc  Qu«n- 
nor  defpairing  of  Victory,  tf  Matters  had  gone  to  the  outtermof,  but  u/'to'theRe- 
becauje  I  abhor  the  fheddrng  ofChriftan  Blood,    efpecially  that  of  my  ^nd.ti^^" 
own  SHbje6ls  ;  'tis  for  that  Reafon  I  freely  yielded  to  you,  and  wiUbe 
hereafter  ruled  by  your  Counfels,  trujling  you  will  ufe  me  as  a  Prin- 
cefs,  and  one  that  luas  born  your  G^ueen. 

But  the  Rebels,  inflcad  of  oblcrving  their  Articles  of  Capitulati- 
on, immediately  feized  on  her  Terfon,    and   carried  her  as  their  ZatTil 
I'rifoncr  in  Triumph  tiiat  Night  alongfl  with  tiiem  to  Edinburgh,  lli''^J,u-' 
being  infulted  all  the  Way  by  the  Mob  of  the  Army;  and  when  they  ^^^t  "'"• 
came  to  Edinburgh,  inflead  of  allowing  hof  the  Ufe  of  her  own 

E  c  e  e  Palace 

(.•J  Viile  JjUtkwuod  Chj|..  le.  !>•(•  i}q.    (4)  M*lr.  M«m.  P.ge  Jj.    (,)  Cr.wf.  Mtm.  Pijc  57. 


"^  The  Life  0/  M  A  R  Y,  ^een  of  Scotland. Vol.  /'[[." 

/>./\^  Palace  (as  flic  cxpcdlcd)  they  carried  her  alon^ft  the  .Streets  to  he 
vSJiv.  crazed  upon  by  the  People,  and  the  incen(cd  Mob,  wlio  from  their 
Windows  and  Forcftairs  railed  at  lier  with  moft  dcfpiteful  Lanj^ua'/e, 
crying,  Burn  the  Whore,  hnrnthe  Parrtctde  [a)  :  And  havinj^  broir-Jic 
her  io  Craigrmller\  Lodgings,  who  was  then  Provofl:  oi  the  Town, 
they  placed  a  ftrong  Guard  upon  her,  and  then  left  her  to  her  Reft, 
without  {o  much  as  allowing  any  of  her  Maids  to  wait  upon  her  (h), 
all  which  flic  bore  with  a  Patience  and  Fortitude  of  Mind  becoming 
a  Chrillian  Qiiccn;  only  as  flic  was  carried  alongfl;  the  Street,  flie 
could  not  refrain  horn  fliedding  Abundance  of  Tears,  caufed  by  the 
vile  and  fcurrilous  Pveproaches  of  the  Mob. 

The  next  Morning,  when  flie  looked  over  her  Window,  die  firrt: 
Obietft  that  prelented  to  her  Sight,  was  a  Banner  fully  difplaycd  and 
fixt  forgainft  her  Windows  (c),  whereon  was  painred  her  dead  Hul- 
band  Kiv,"  Henry,  lying  under  the  Shade  of  a  Tree,  with  the  young 
Prince  upon  his  Knees,    with  thefe  Words  proceeding  out  of  his 

Judq^e  and  Revenge  my  Cauje,    U  Lord. 
Upon  tlie  viewing  of  this  flie  buift  out  in  Tears,  and  calling  upon 
the  People  that  were  gazing  upon  her  from  the  Streets,    fhe  faid, 
Good  People,  either  Jattsfy  your  Cruelty  and  Hatred  by  taking  away 
my  miferable  Life,  or  relieve  me  from  the  Hands  of  Juch  inhumane 
and  perfidiOHS  Traitors.     This  being  fpoke,  and  accompanied  witli 
all  the  movin"  Circumflances  of  die  brightefl  Majef^y  that  ever  the 
Sun  fliined  upo^i,  in  the  greateft  Mifery,  it  was  no  Wonder  that  their 
Hearts  were  melted  into  Companion  ;    fo  running  immediately  to 
Arms,    they  had  certainly  fet  her  at  Liberty,    had  not  tlie  Rebels 
foftned  their  Tempers,  by  telling  them,    that   they  were  going  to 
convoy  her  to  her  Palace  of  HcJy-Rood-HotiJe,  where  flie  was  to  have 
her  Liberty  as  much  as  ever :  Towards  the  Evening  flie  was  convoyed 
to  her  Palace,  accompanied  by  the  Acclamations  of  the  Mob;  but 
the  Rebel  Lords  immediately  met  in  Council,  to  confider  what  was 
further  to  be  done,  and  it  was  agreed  to  amongft  them,  that  flie 
fhould  be  fent  Prifoner  to  the  Caftlc  of  Lochlevin,  to  remain  there 
durin<^  her  Life,  and  the  Royal  Authority  fliould  be  eftabliflied  in 
shei,  ftnt  the  Perfon  of  her  Son.     This  bein^  refolved  upon,    by  Times  the 
fi;;  oW°of  next  Morning,  for  Fear  of  the  Mob's  relieving  of  her  (4  they  had 
L«w«-».     j^gj.  mounted  on  a  Work  Horfe,  clothed  in  a  fordid  Habit,  for  they 
had  robbedherof  all  her  Clothes  and  Jewels,  and  being  committed 
to  the  Care  of  the  Lords  Ruthven  and  Lmdfay,  flie  was  fent  to  Loch- 
levin.     Mr.  T>oHglafs,    who  by  the  Mother-fide  was  a  Brother  of 
Murray  s,  at  firfl:  refufed  to  receive  her,  being  afraid  that  afterwards 
he  mi^ht  be  called  in  Queftion  for  it;  but  they  foon  fatisfied  him, 
by  giving  him  a  Bond  of  Warrandice  fubfcribed  by  them  all,  and 
which  they  promifed  to  ratifie  in  the  next  Parliament. 

Yet  all  this  was  not  done  without  coming  to  the  Knowledge  of 
fomeof  her  Friends,  fuch  as  the  Lords  iV^/<J«,  Tefer  Sind  Borthwick, 

the 


(«)  IWd.    U)  BUckwood,  PiJ.  i'34.    CO  MeL  Mem.  P»g.  84.  BUckwood,   ubi  fupri.    id)  BUckwood,  obi  fupt^ 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  of  MAKY,  ^een  of  Scotland. 295 

the  Lairds  of  WiuhtoH,  Bafs,  OrmiJIon,  Wedderhitrrt,  Blackadder  'i^^f^;. 
and  Langton,  uho  thouglit  to  have  refcucd  her  by  tlic  Way  ;  but  '«^V**' 
they  had  got  her  into  the  Boat  before  they  could  reach  tlicm  ;  and 
what  added  not  a  little  to  their  Misfortunes,  was,  that  fhe  was  com- 
mitted to  the  Care  of  the  Earl  oi  Murrays  Mother,  who  da'ly  uP' 
braided  her  with  the  Story  of  her  Marriage  with  her  Father,  and  of 
her  Son's  being  the  lawful  Heir  of  the  Crown.  To  which  all  that 
flic  replied  was,  Tliat  he  was  too  honeji  a  Man,  to  fay  Jo  himfelf 

If  hat  an  Indignity.,  fays  Caujjin  (a)  ivas  this  ?  And  what  a  Con- 
fiifion  in  Nature,  and  the  Laws  of  the  World,  to  behold  that  excellent 
Lady,  to  whom  Grace  and  Nature  hadgi'ven  Chains  to  captivate  ^^^ 
Hearts  of  the  mojl  Barbarous.,  that  great  Frincejs,  whom  the  Sun  d^'^ 
fee  almof  to  be  a  'Glueen  as  a  living  Creature ;  She  that  was  born  ^^ 
Empire,  as  Empire  feemed  to  be  made  for  her,  to  be  deprived  of  he"" 
Liberty  ;  to  fee  herfelf fevered  from  all  Commerce  with  Mankind,  t^ 
be  bani/Jjed  to  an  If  and,  where  nothing  but  Rocks  andfiaves  zvereth^ 
WitncJJes  of  her  Sufferings  :  Nay,  zuhich  is  ?nore,  fhe  is  now  becom^ 
the  Captive  of  her  ovjn  Subjcils,  and  a  Servant  to  her  Slaves. 

The  Qiiecn  being  now  in  fafe  Cuftody,  they  could  not  af^rce  Theviiout 
amongft  themfelvcs  what  to  do  witli  her;  the  Earls  oi Athol,  Mar,  KRib"u 
Secretary  Ltthtngton  and  the  Laird  of  Grange,  who  were  highly  in-  IhToTi^ 
cenfed  at  her  barbarous  Treatment  {b),  and  Breach  of  Faith  to  her, 
were  for  reftoring  her,  if  the  Murderers  of  the  King  fhould  be  puni- 
fhcd  according  to  Law,  the  young  Prince's  Safety  provided  for; 
Bothweli  divorced,  and  the  Proteftant  Religion  eftablifhed  j  others 
were  for  banifhing  her  for  ever,  either  to  France  or  England,  Co  as 
the  King  of  France,  or  the  Queen  of  £w^/<««^ fhould  give  their  Words 
that  fhe  fliould  rcfign  the  Kingdom,  and  transfer  all  her  Authority 
to  her  Son,  and  (uch  of  the  Nobility  as  they  fhould  name  .  others 
were  for  arraigning  her  publickly ;  others  for  adhering  to  their  former 
Refolution  of  condemning  her  to  perpetual  Prifon,  and  ^crowning 
her  Son  ;  others  were  for  flrangling  her  in  her  Bed,  and  for  raifing 
a  Report  tiiat  fhe  had  done  it  her  felf  5  others  were  for  the  dclayintr 
of  doing  any  Thing  till  fuch  Time  as  the  Earl  of  c^urray  fhould 
return  from  France,  whom  they  had  fent  for.  And  Lafly,  Some 
were  for  executing  her  publickly  :  And  this,  fays  Mr.  Vdal,  was  the 
Opinion  of  Knox  and  Ibmc  Miniflers  of  the  Word,  who  thundred 
it  out  of  their  Pulpits. 

Two  Days  after  tiie  Queen's  Imprifonment,  the  Earl  of  Clcrtcaim  TheE.riof 
at  the  Head  of  a  Mob,    went  to  the  Chappel  of  Hcly-Rood-FIoufe,mouni'^% 
where  they  broke  down,  burnt  and  deflroycd  tlie  Altar,  and  all  the  cUnX 
Ornaments  of  the  Ciiappel :    And  further,  to   blind  the  Mob  with 
their  pretended  Zeal  in  the  Purfuit  of  the  King's  Murder,  all  the  Houfc- 
kccpcrs  in  tlie  City  of  Edinburgh  were  ordered  to  give  in  an  exa(ft 
Lilt  of  all  the  Perfbns  in  their  Families,  with  their  Ages,  Countrie5, 
Names  and  Defignations;  and  a  ftridt  Search  being  made,  two  ?cr- 
lons  were  fcized  and  committed,  upon  Sufpicion  of  being  guilty  of 

E  e  c  e  1  the 

(.»;  I  it«of  U.y«iu  M.IJ.     (tj  UJ.lt  L.f.  of  Qaccn  M.ir,  P»g.  7;.  M*l>iL  Nkm.  Wj.  ty  Blickwood,  Ptg.  ijj. 


iy6  Tfje  Life  of  MAR  Y.  ^jfjeen  of  ScoilancJ. Vol.  ///• 

A^^^-'^    the  Kin"'s  MurJcr  5  tlic  one  was  a  French  Man  (a),  called  Seh^fliafi 

^■^^^^    de  Vill^^s,  wlio  had  the  good  Fo;tunc  to  make  his  Efcape  .  and  the 

other  was  one  Captain  William  BUckadder,  who  was  witli  great  Kx- 

B&-(1"  Is  pedition  tried,  and  condemned  by  a  Jury,  wlio  were  rcfolvcd  to  find 

FoThcK.Ve'l  him  guilty  :  Every  Body  was  fond  to  be  prcfent  at  the  Execution,  in 

dl"«:;.'o"i  Hopes  of  a  Difcovery  of  the  whole  Matter ;  but  inrtead  of  that,  after 

mL%  '.°ud  he  had  begged  God  Pardon  for  all  his  Sins,  and  for  thofc  who  had 

TJ^J      unjuaiy  (ought  after  his  Death,  defiring  the  Prayers  of  the  People  in 

his  Behalf,  he  protclled  folcmnly  before  God  and  his  Angels,  he  was 

whollv  innocent  of  that  Crime  for  which  he  was  to  fufTcr,  and  that 

he  believed  the  Earls  of  Murray  and  Morton  were  the  Authors  of 

$i,  j,„„      About  the  fame  Time  Sir  James  Balfour  betrayed  his  Truft,  and 
B^-'^^^' delivered  up  theCaftlc  of  Edinburgh  to  the  Rebels;  and  here  I  can- 
oi"rof  '  j^Q(.  Qp^-iit  to  take  notice  of  the  malicious  Contrivance  oi Buchanans 
v»th'uu».  a^ainfl:  the  Qi-iecn,  and  which  Spotfzvood  very  gravely  after  him  tells 
b.''lT«  by  us  in  thefe  Words  (l^),    Hozu  foon  it  was  known  that  the  Glueen  was 
hu<?7;"";,i  rnade  Prifoner,  Both  well  halving  fent  one  of  his  Servants  to  the  CafiUy 
to  be forg.d.  ^^  ^^^   .  ^  i^^^ig  Silver  Cabinet  which  the  Glueen  had  given  him,  and 
wherein  he  had  referred  all  the  Letters  Jhehad  written  to  him  at  any 
T/wf,  ^:i\'iov\i  delivered  the  Cabinet  to'&oi\\\ve\\s  Servant,  but  wit  hall 
advert i fed  the  Lords  what  he  carried,  and  made  him  to  be  apprehen- 
ded :  Theje  Letters  were  a/terzvards  divulged  in  Print,  and  adieded 
to  a  Libel,  intituled.  The  Detecflion  of  (Jieen  oMary,  penned  with 
creat  Bittemejs  by  Mr.  George  Buchanan.     Now  that  thefe  Letters 
were  a  meer  Conrrivance  of  the  Rebels,  to  blacken  the  Memory  of 
this  Illuflrious  Princefs,    will  evidently  appear  from  the  following 
Confiderations. 

Firfl,  There  were  fuch  Things  in  them,  that  none  but  one  of 
Buchanans  Impudence  could  have  ever  laid  to  her  Charge,  her 
Charader  being  the  very  Reverfe  of  it.  idly.  The  Queen  upon 
her  Honour  denied  them  ever  to  have  been  writ  by  her.  :}dly,  Lejly 
Bifhop  of  ivo/jherConfefTor,  -M^d  Lithington  her  Secretary  (c),  when 
they  were  produced  before  Qtiecn  E7iz,abeth's  Commiflioners  at 
Tork,  offered  to  fwear  upon  the  Holy  Evangels  that  they  were  not 
of  her  writing,  and  none  on  Earth  knew  her  Hand  ('except  her  felf ) 
better  than  they  did.  ^thly.  None  of  them  was  addrefled  to  Both- 
vjell,  no  not  fo  much  as  under  borrowed  Names,  nor  are  any  of  them 
fubfcribed  by  her.  ^thly.  They  were  neither  feal'd  nor  dated,  nor 
one  Word  in  tiiem  all  of  the  trufty  Bearer.  6thly,  Charles  Ker  of 
i:'or  in  his  Memoirs  {d)  fays.  That  a  young  Lady  had  confefs'd  to  a 
Friend  of  his,  that  (he  had  at  the  Solicitation  of  Murray  and  Mor- 
ton wrote  thefe  Letters,  protefting  that  whatever  was  there  faid  of 
her  Majefty  was  falfe;  but  he  was  obliged  to  conceal  her  Name,, 
for  Fear  that  it  might  coft  her  her  Life.  And  Blackwood  fays,  That 
there  was  one  of  her  Maids  of  Honour  that  could  counterfeit  her 
Hand  fo  exadlly,  that  it  could  hardly  be  difcovered.     And  Lafly, 

54^» 

(j)  Crawf.  Mem.  Pag.  41.    (t)  Lib. 4.  Pig.  io8.    CO  Vid.  Morgan's  Phil.  Vindication  of  (i. Miry,    (rf)  LlnoOcence  de  U 
Royne  d'tfcblTe. 


Vol.  III.  rije  Life  of  MARY,  Giueen  of  Scotland.  ZfJ 

'Dalgleif,  who  is  mentioned  by  Bnchanan  as  the  Carrier  of  the  Box'^'^^-^ 
with  thcfe  Letters,  at  his  Death  declar'd,    as  he  fhould  anfwer  to^^V^" 
God,  he  never  carried  any  fuch  Letter,  nor  received  any  fuch  Ca- 
binet.    About  this  Time  the  King  of  Franct  fentover  Monfieur  de 
Fillcroy,  in  Quality  of  his  Ambafllidor  to  the  Queen,  but  the  Rebels 
would  give  him  no  Accefs  to  her ;  upon  which  he  returned  imme- Al'b!([To^ 
diarcly  to  France,     chorion  thinking  that  Bothzvell  had  certainly  c.r;°c''thr 
made  his  Efcape  and  fled  tiie  Kingdom,  caufed  Proclamations  to  be  ?r:":::L 
pubhlhed  in  all  the  chict  Cities  of  the  Kingdom  for  the  aoorphpn   '"^'"^t"- 

ing  ol:  the  Duke  ot  Orkney,  (ometime  Earl  of  'Botkvell,  as  guilty '^'"6 *'**'" 
of  the  late  King's  Murder,  and  a  Thoufand  Pounds  was  promifed 
for  a  Reward  to  any  one  that  would  bring  him  to  Juftice  (a),  altho* 
that  during  thefe  unprecedented  Tranfadions  the  Queen  of  England 
had  been  foftering  thefe  Rebels,    and  encouraging  them  in  their 
Proceedings ;    yet  fhe  had  not  fent  them  fuch  Sums  of  Money  as 
was  requifite  to  carry  on  their  Proje(fl;  therefore  they  feized  on  the    Th.yr.ii. 
Plate  and  Jewels  of  the  Crown,  which  they  converted  into  current  ^'•°''  '"*^ 
Coin,  melting  down  at  one  Time  1^6  Pound  Weight  (^/of  Silver,  c.owi!''''* 
and  as  for  the  Jewels,    tho'  King  James  recovered  fome  of  thenj 
afterwards,  yet  the  greatefl  (c)  Part  of  them  were  loft. 

During  thefe  Tranfadions,  Sir  Nicholas  Throgmorton  csime  down  s'r  n„w., 
Ambalfador  from  the  Queen  of  England,  feemingly  to  endeavour  ST/q, 
a  Reconciliation  betwixt  the  Queen  and  her  rebellious  Subiedfs,  but  fom^:',  .nr 
under  Hand  to  make  the  Breach  greater  ;  for  in  all  publick  Com-  Pw^^Th."** 
panies  he  told  how  much  the  Queen  his  Miflris  was  offended  with  SvVabcai. 
their  Proceedings  and  birbarous  Treatment  of  their  Sovereicrn.and  was   "  " ' 
always  proving  from  the  facred  Scriptures  the  Duty  andSubmiflion 
of  Subjeds  to  their  Sovereigns;  but  in  his  private  Conferences  with 
tile  Rebels,  lie  alTured  them  (d)  of  his  Mil\ris's  Protedlion  and  Af- 
fiftance,  and  advifed  them  to   propofe  that  fhe   fhould  demit  the 
Sovereignty  in  her  Son's  Favours,  and  that  if  fhe  would  not  willingly 
do  it,  to  threaten  her  to  it. 

This  Propofition  was  no  fooner  made,  but  embraced;  for  it  made 
the  Rebels,  during  the  Minority  of  the  young  Prince,  Managers  of 
all  the  publick  Affairs  of  the  Kingdom  :    And  on  the  other  Hand, 
Throgmorton  had  his  Defign  ;  for  as  long  as  there  was  an   Infant 
King  in  Scotland,  England  was  in  no  Danger  from  them.     The  Pro- 
pofal  being  made  to  the  Queen,  the£;z^///^  AmbafTador,  the  Earls 
of  Athol,  Q^ar,  Secretary  Lithington  and  Grange  fent  Sir  fames 
Melvil  (fj  to  her,  ^  who  told  her.  That  it  was  tlieir  Opinion  that  fhe  Brti..Ad. 
fhould  accept  of  their  OfFer,  becaufc  it  miglit  be  a  Mean  of  obtaining  -"'"-'^h?; 
her  Liberty,  after  which  fhe  might  revoke  it,  as  being  extorted  from  Z%Z 
iier  when  m  Prifon  ;  but  her  Majefty  could  not  be  induced  to  follow  tuiStn,!. 
their  Advice  -.    Whereupon  the  Lord  Lindjay  was  pitched  upon  by  F.'o'in!""' 
Morton  to  threaten  iicr  to  it ;  and  certainly  he  was  the  moft  proper  Man  T.fuft.'^J 
ill  the  Nation  for  fuch  an  OfHce,  for  Blackwood  tells  us,    That  he '^1"'°"^'^ 
had  the  Figure  and  Shape  of  a  Man,  and  could  (peak,    l/ut  as  for  am  *""  "* 
^ F  Hi        _T%__^ 

(*)  Oiwf.  M.m.  p.t;  4}-    (»)  IbuJ.  p,g.  44.    (,)  Blickwood,  pig.  IJ4.    (i)  ud.li  Lif.orCi.M»'r.  ?■£•  ;t.  BUckvral 

f.ag.    1}I.     (»>  M»«n.  pij.  »}.  '      «    •     I       •.•.kiwwsw. 


298  The  Ltfe  of  MARY,  ^eert  of  Scotlanch Vol^.  Iff. 

'^^^^^^    Tljing-  elfe,  he  was  jo  Jlt4pidly  "Brutal,  that  he  differed  m  nothing  from 
t^S^    that  (iJnirrjaiof  ivhom  Marcus  Vdixojpeaks,    that  had  a  Soul  ^nen 
to  hirn  in  Place  of  Salt  to  keep  his  Carcajs  from  finking.     This  fine 
accomplifhed  Gentleman  accofting  the  Qiicen,    without  the  actii- 
flomed  Civihties  given  to  Gentlewomen,  and  much  more  owing  t(y 
his  native  Sovereign,  told   her,    Tl}at  Jhe  mujl  rcfign  the  Crown  to 
the  young  Prince,  and  confitute  her  'Brother  the  Earl  of  Murray  Re- 
aent  during  his  Minority.     The  Queen  with  great  C:ulmners  of  Mind 
endeavoured  to  convince  him  ot  the  Unrealonablcnds  of  the  Tro- 
pofal ;  durini;  which  Time  he  fhewed  his  Diffatisfacftion  by  the  Gri- 
maces of  his'^Face,    and  the  knitting  of  his  Brows  ^  at  length  not 
beincT  able  to  mafter  his  Pailion  further,    he  burfl:  forth  into  rude 
Expr^llions,  and  told  her  (a),  That  ifpe  would  not  fign  it,  he  would 
ftgn  It  with  her  Heart  Blood  :  Upon  which  the  Queen  called  fortlic 
Papers,  which  fhe  fubfcribed,  fays  Spotficood  {b),  without  reading  them, 
the  Tears  running  down  in  Abundance  from  her  Eyes,  and  the  next 
Day  they  were  proclaimed  over  the  Crofs  of  Edinburgh.     In  the 
mean  Time  there  was  a  great  Meeting  of  the  Queen's  Friends  at 
Hamilton,  to  confult  what  was  proper  to  be  done  tor  her  Relief,  the 
principal  Terfons  at  this  Meeting  were  the  Earls  of  Argyle,  Huntly, 
Caithnefs,  Rothes,  Crawford  and  Monteith,  the  Lords  Boyd,  Drum- 
niond,    Herris,    Cathcart,    Tefler,     Fleming,     Livingfton,     Seaton, 
Clamis,    Ochiltne,    Gray,    Oliphant,    (^Jethvin,   Jnnermeath  and 
Somer'vel,  the  Arch-Bifliop  of  St.  oAndrews,  the  Commendators  of 
yir broth' Kilwinning,  Diimfermling,  Si.Cobuck,  NewbottleandHoly- 
Rood-Houfe.     ey'klorton  having  got  notice  of  this  Meeting,    fent  Sir 
7ames  Melvil  to  them  (c)  with  Letters,  requiring  their  Advice  and 
Confent  for  fettling  the  Affairs  of  the  Nation,  and  dieir  being  Wit- 
nelfes  to  the  young  Prince's  Coronation  at  Stirling.     Thefe  Letters 
were  fubfcribed  by  the  Earls  of  ^thol.  Mar  and  Morton,  Secretary 
Lithinzton,    the  Lairds  of  TiUibardin,    Grange  and  (bme  others. 
Arch-Bidiop  Spotfivood  (ixvsid).  That  they  would  neither  admit  the 
MelTen^er,  nor  receive  the  Letters;  but  Sir  f-^ww  tells  us  ("f).  That 
he  was  very  kindly  received,  and  that  the  Arch-Bifliop  defiied  him 
to  return  thefe  noble  Lords  their  Thanks  for  their  friendly  and  diC- 
creet  CommifTion,  and  they  upon  good  and  fufficient  Security  were 
willinfT  to  meet  and  confer  with  themj    but  fince  Co  many  Lords 
and  Barons  had  met  together  without  acquainting  them  of  their 
Defigns,  it  was  but  reafonable  that  they  fhould  look  to  themfelves: 
And  when  Sir    James  returned  to  Stirling  with  this  Anfwer,  thev 
would  do  nothing  till  fuchTime  as  they  confulted  die  Lord,  which 
in  their  Language  was  the  General  AfTembly. 

The  General  AfTembly  having  met  at  Edinburgh  upon  the  25t!i 
of  June,  Morton  laid  the  Cafe  before  them,  and  they  ordered  cir- 
cular Letters  to  be  fent  to  all  the  Lords,  who  were  the  Queen's 
Friends,  requiring  them  to  be  prefent  at  the  AlTembly  upon  the  20th 
Day  of  f«/y,  to  give  their  Advice,  about  the  Affairs  of  the  Church 

and 

(OBUctCh.  11.  P.g.  143.    (t)  Lib.  4.  P'B- "?•    to  Mel.  Mem.  1'.6- 86.    W)  Lib.  4.  P.g.  io».    (.j  Ub.fupr.. 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  o/MARY,  ^een  of  Scotland  299 

and  State,  and  that  all  fuch  as  fliould  be  Abfent,  fhould  be  eftcemcd  ^y^ 
Promoters  of  the  Kingdom  of  Satan^  and  unworthy  of  the  Fellow- ^^VV 
(hip  oi  Chrift's  Church. 

The  Earl  of  Murray  having  got  Letters  from  zMorton  and  his 
AfTociates,    to  return  to  Scotland  with  all  Expedition,    he  went  and  ^nf"l^^ 
asked  Fermiflion  from  the  King  of  France,    and  told  him  and  the&,7/U° 
Cardinal  of  Lorrain  and  the  Duke  of  Guife  the  Queen's  Uncles 
that  he  would  fet  the  Queen  at  Liberty,    and  fettle  all  Things  as 
they  were  formerly  ;    and  this  he  havin^  iblemnly  promifed,  and 
fworn  before  God  to  do,    they  difmifTed  him  (a)  with  many  rich 
Prefents  and  Jewels;   he  was  hardly  gone  from  Court,    when  the 
Arch-Bifliop  of  GUfgow,    the  Queen's  Ambaflador  at  the  Court  of 
France,    came  and  told  tlie  King,    that  he  was  the  Author  of  all 
that  had  befallen  the  Queen,  and  therefore  begged  that  he  michc 
have  an  order  for  flopping  him  ;  which  was  granted,  but  he  made 
fucii  quick  difpatch,  that  lie  was  failed  from  Diep  before  the  Mef- 
fengers  could  reach  him  :     Having  landed  in  England,   he  went 
ftraight  to  the  Court,  where  he  was  very  kindly  received  by  Queen 
Elizjabeth,  with  whom  he  had  a  long  Conference,    and  a  Promife 
of  paying  him  pundlually  every  Year  {b)  4000  Pound  Sterling,    to 
be  diftributed  by  him  in  Penfions  for  himfelf,    and  as  he  pleafed, 
to  the  reft  of  the  Nobility :  So  having  folemnly  engaged  to  ferve 
her,  againft  his  Sovereign  and  his  Country,    he  takes  Journey  for 
Scotland,   and  was  met  at  Berwick  by  Sir  fames  Mehil,   who  was 
fent  by  tlie  Lords  of  oy^'fortons  Fadrion,    to  acquaint  him  of  all 
their  Proceedings  during  his  Abfence  (c),   and  that  they  had  made 
choice  of  iiim,  during  the  King's  Minority,  to  be  Regent  or  Gover- 
nour  of  the  Realm,  and  that  they  hoped  he  would  do  nothing  in 
his  Tranfailions  with  the  Queen,    without  acquainting  of  them. 
This  was  tlie  Subftance  of  Sir    James's  Commifhon   from  Morton 
and  liis  Aflbciares ;  and  he  fays,  That  tho  he  feemed  to  be  averfe 
to  the  accepting  of  the  Regency,  yet  he  zvas  informed  from  thofe  that 
zvere  about  htm,    that  he  was  very  well  pleafed  with  the  News.    On 
the  other  Hand,  the  Earls  of  oAthol,  c!Mar,    Secretary  Lithington 
and  the  Laird  of  Grange,  earneftly  entreated  him  to  mterceed  with 
Morton  and  his  Aflbciates,  for  the  poor  afflidled  Queen,  and  that  /he 
might  be  fet  at  Liberty  ;  both  thefe  Advices  he  heard,  without  giv- 
ing any  pofirivc  Anfwer  to  them.  Upon  the  nth  of  oAuguJl  15(57, 
he  came  to  Edinburgh,  where  he  was  received  by  his  Friends  with 
great  Demonftrations  of  Joy,  and  within  a  few  Days  after,    he  was 
eallly  induced  to  accept  of  the  Regency  :     His  next  Care,  was  to 
vifit  tlie  Queen  at  Lochlevin,  where,  if  we  mav  believe  Blackwood,  H.wfit,,!,. 
he  treated  her  moft  barbaroufly  (d),  accufing  her  before  the  whole  Q-""'  '•' 
Company,  of  the  Crimes  of  Adultery  and  Murder,  and  in  a  canting  •"<"  "i^'iW 
Toiic  told  her,  That  what  Jhe  nolo  Ju fere d,    was  but  God's   fuf  ice ^laj!^'^ 
upon  her,   for  the  Sins  vjhich  Jhe  had  committed  again f  him.     To 
which  the  afflifted  Princcfs  replied  all  in  Tears,   That  Jhe  was  con- 
Ffffi  fcious 

l)l(rkvoodF«(.  1)1.    (t)  61*ck.p<|.  i|o.    (<)  MtU.  Mml  Pi|.  I7.    (W)  fil*db  Ou^  ■  i. 


joo  The  Life  of  MARY,  §}wen  of  Scotland.  Vol.  III. 

rN>v^>    Jcious  of  her  own  Jmiocency  of  dU  that  zuas  laid  to  her  Charge,    and 
*«'^V*w    for  luhich  fhe  took  God  to  Wttnefs,    and  that  it  zvas  barbarous  and 
inhumane,  to  infult  over  her  in  her  Mijcry,  by  attacking  her  Reputa- 
tion, than  ichich  nothing  could  be  more  Jarred  and  dear  to  her,    and 
that  of  all  the  Men  alive,  fie  Icajl  expe(^fed  it  from  him,    in  zvhom 
fhe  had  put  an  entire  Truf,  and  obliged  as  much  as  lay  in  her  Pozcer, 
and  zrho  could  not  but  be  confctous  of  the  Falf^oods  he  zuas  laying  to 
her  Charge,    and  that  fhe  doubted  not,    but  that  the  next  Step  they 
ivould  make,  zuould  be  to  deprive  her  of  her  Life.     Madam,  lays  he, 
yis  for  your  Reputation,  that  is  already  lojl,    and  as  for  your  Life, 
the  rarliamcrn  mujl  look  to  that  ,  And  (o  flung  himiclf  out  of  the 
Koom,  and  went  immediately  to  the  Boat,  and  ftraight  to  Edinburgh, 
where,  upon  tiie  iid  of  v^a<^«/?  he  was  unanimoully  chofen  Regent 
lie,  pro-  by  Q^lorton  and  his  Party,  and  the  fame  Afternoon,    proclaimed 
jlnr"  only  and  lawful  Regent  to  James  6th,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  King 
ot  Scots,  iiis  Realm  and  Leiges. 

The  firft  A(5f  ot  his  Regency,  was  to  podcrshimfclf  of  the  Caflle 
f^^^'^nofihe  of  Edinburgh,  which  was  Surrendered  to  iiim,  upon  the  Conditions 
fiiJmLi*.    that  liad  been  fometime  before  flipulate  betwixt  the  Governour  and 
tlic  Rebels;  and  which  were  as  follows  (a),  Firjl,  That  the  Gover- 
nour fhould  have  an  ample  RemiiTion  of  all  Treafons,  particularly, 
for  being  Art  and  Part  as  they  plirafe  it  in  'the  King's  Murder. 
idly,  Tliat  he  fhould  have  the  Gift  and  Donation  of  the  Priory  of 
Pittcnzueem.     ^dly,    That  an  hcrcditable  Pcnfion  fhould  be  fettled 
upon  his  Son,    out  of  the  Revenue  of   St  aydndrezvs.     i\thly,  Thac 
he  fhould   immediately   receive  tlie  Summe  of  5000  Pound  ScotSy 
before  he  marched  out  of  the  Caflle..     Whicli    being  performed, 
the  Regent  upon  the  14th  o(  ^ugufi,  took  Poffcffion  of  the  Caflle, 
and  lav  that  Kight  in  the  Came  Room  where  the  Queen  had  been 
not  many  Months  before  brouglit  to  bed  ,  and  where  that  excellent 
Princefs  had  refufcd  to  imprifon  him,  at  the  Requcfls  of  the  Earls 
of  Huntly,  Bothiocll  and  the  Bifliop  of  Rojs,  for  treafonable  Pra(fli- 
ces. 

His  next  Bufinefs  was,    to  amufc  tlie  People  with  a  pretended 

Zeal  in  the  Purfuit  of  the  King's  Murder,  which  he  fixed  upon  the 

Earl  of  Bothzvell  and  the  Queen,   and  being  informed,    that  Both- 

H(  ftndi  Che  we//,  was  at  Sea  with  a  few  Ships,  that  fliU  adhered  to  him  as  Lord 

ct^f/in    hiph  Admiral  oi Scotland,\\c  fent  his  good  Friend  the  Laird  oi Grange 

The' FMUf  in  Quefl  of  him  (b),  with  five  large  Ships  well  manned,  who  com- 

*"*^"-     ing  upon  him  unlocked  for,  as  he  lay  in  the  Creeks  of  one  of  the 

Orkney  Iflands,  took  the  mofl  of  his  Ships,  without  the  Lofs  of  any 

of  his  own,  fave  one,  called  the  Unicorn  of  Leith  ;    but  Bothzvell 

himfelf  made  his  Efcape,  and  held  out  for  fome  Days  at  Sea,   and 

efpying  a  Turky  VefTcl,    he  thought  to  have  made  Prize  of  her ; 

but  it  being  upon  the  Coafl  of  Norzvay,    both  he  and  the  Turk 

were  taken  by  fome  Norzvegian  Ships  as  Pirates,  and  botii  of  tliem 

condemned  to  Death ;  Jbut  Bothzvell  being  difcovered  by  fome  Scoti 

Skippers 

C")  Cnwfoid'*  MtmsiM  P»6«  4>«    CO  Spotfwwxl  \A.  j.  p. j.  jj. 


Vol.  III.  Tlje  Life  of  MA KX,  ^een  of  Scothnd.  joi 


Skippers  that  were  then  in  Norway,  he  was  fent  Prifoner  to  the  X)?^ 
Km^o( T>er.mark  who  confined  him  to  the  Caftle  of  Miling,  where  "-^v^ 
he  died  a  great  Tenicent.  ,         .  .  ^         ,    ,        , 

Our  Hiftorians  fay,  That  when  Murray  \vas  informed  that  the  g,,^^,,^, 
Kin2  of  Denmark  had  him  in  Cuftody,  he  fent  Commiflioners  to  ^;Ja",f 
Denmark  ;  requiring,  That  he  might  be  fent  to  Scotland,  to  be  tried 
and punijhed  according  to  Jujlicejor  the  late  Kings  Murder  :  But 
tlie  King  of  Z)f«wrtric  returned  him  this  Anfwer  (j),  That  he  knew 
of  no  ytuthority  that  he  had  in  Scotland,  to  demand,  examine  or 
condemn  any  Man  ;  and  that  if  their  King  was  murdered,  it  was  the 
Bufinefs  of  his  Royal  Confort  the  Qjieen,  to  look  to  that.  But  what- 
ever Truth  be  in  this,  it's  certain  that  Bothwell  died  not  long  after. 
He  was  one  of  the  handfoniefl:  Men  of  his  Time  {b),  well  fliaped, 
and  of  great  perfonal  Valour;  for  which,  whilft  he  was  very  young, 
he  was  chofcn  General  of  the  Forces  of  the  Reformers,  and  alwife 
very  Loyal,  and  reprefenting  an  ancient  and  powerful  Family ;  he 
made  ufe  of  iiis  Power,  in  doing  very  confiderable  Services  to  the 
Crown ;  his  Enemies  reprefent  nim  towards  the  latter  End  of  his 
Years,  as  of  a  cowardly  and  daftardly  Temper,  and  give  an  Jnftance 
of  it,  in  refufing  to  fight  my  Lord  Lindfay,  the  Laird  of  TiUibar- 
dine  and  his  Brother  at  Carberry  Hill,  in  Vindication  of  his  Honour: 
But  in  this  they  wrong  him,  for  it  was  by  tlie  exprefs  Order  of  the 
Queen,  that  he  declined  from  the  Combat.  It  cannot  be  denied, 
but  that  he  led  a  rakifh  and  debauched  Life,  and  blinded  with 
Love  and  Ambition,  he  was  tempted  to  be  acceflbrv  to  a  Murder, 
which  at  once  gave  him  the  Enjoyment  of  the  moft  beautiful  Lady 
in  Europe,  and  if  not  the  full  Poffeffion  of  Empire  and  a  Royal 
Diadem,  yet  at  leaft  a  Participation  in  it,  with  the  darling  Profpe(5t 
of  a  Poflibility,  that  thofe  who  fhould  fpring  from  his  Loyns,  might 
(bme  Time  or  other  be  PolTeflbrs  of  the  Throne :  But  when  God 
had  blafled  his  Hopes,  and  when  he  was  making  his  Approaches  to 
Eternity,  before  the  Duke  of  Berries  (c),  Governour  of  the  Cafllc 
of  Mehing,  where  he  expired,  GuiUa  Brome,  Governour  of  the 
Caftle  of  Altenburry,  Pierrie  Br  aw,  Governour  of  the  Caftle  of 
Nejfuel,  Monfieur  Gmlliam  Strance,  Governour  to  the  Caftle  of 
.Sente/I)a,  the  Bifhop  of  Schonen,  and  four  Bailliffs  of  the  Town,  he 
declared,  That  the  Gluten  never  gave  her  Confent  to  the  Kings 
T)tath,  nor  was  privy  thereto,  as  he  Jhoutd  anfwer  to  the  eternal 
God  :  And  when  he  was  asked  who  were  the  Contrivers  of  it }  he 
anfwctcd,  Murray  the  Bafiard  was  the  firfi  Contriver  of  it,  Morton 
laid  the  Tlot,  and  I  accompli [hed  ft  ,  for  which  he  begged  God's  Tar- 
don,  and  expired.  Not  long  after  tliis,  the  King  ot  Denmark  ad- 
vertifcd  the  moft  of  the  Princes  of  Europe  of  his  Confcfllon,  and 
particularly  Q^uecn  EUZjabeth  ;  and  the  Declaration  fubfcribed  bjr 
tliefc  who  were  prefent,  is  ftill  extant,  and  is  to  be  fccn  in  St.  James  f 
Library  at  London. 

Gggg  Cf-^^l^ 

...  — — —  «     _^ — _^ 

(«>  CHwl..Mtia.  V.  )]•    ^Hbutf.  !>.    (<)  VU. Mr.  Uaault.  Obtcn.  upon  Bucb.  <!•  ik/cua«r4 


202,  The  Life  o/MARY,  ^een  0/ Scotland.  Vol.  III. 

rvy'^^^        Cran^e  at  his  Return,    had  the  Caftlc  ot  Edml^urgh  conimlttcj 

^^\^    to  ills  Cliargc,  as  the  Reward  of  his  Service  :    Tlie  Lords  who  were 

convcencd  at  Hamilton.,    perceiving  how  Matters  went,    and  that 

Q^urray  the  Regent  carried  all  bctore  liim,  they  wrote  to  liim  (a), 

rf  the/'  'and  to  the  Lords  that  were  his  Aflbciatcs,    dcfuing  a  Conference, 

Jv-''"nt'''Vo  and  otfcrcd  to  fend  the  Earl  of  ^r^le  and  fomc  others  with  liim, 

K.ng-.r^'nd  to  any  Place  they  would  be  pleafed  to  appoint  :     But  bccaufe  the 

["he'' ^Tiing  Letter  was  only  backed  for  the  Earl  of  Murray  and  not  to  the  Re- 

ment.''"^""»-'nr,  tlic  Couucil  would  not  receive  it,  and  didiiid'ed  the  MefTen- 

gcr  without  any  Anfwer ;  whereupon  tlie  Earl  of  ylrgyle,  the  Lord 

'£oyd  and  the  Abbot  of  Kilwinning,  were  fcnt  to  Edmburgh  to  confer 

with  tlicm  ;  and  the  Council  hav'ng  declared,  that  tlie  Eledion  of 

the  Regent  was  not  made  upon  any  Contempt  or  Mif-rcgard  of  the 

Noblemen  that  were  abfcnt,  but  upon  Weccllity  to  keep  the  Realm 

in  Order  ;  it  was  agreed  betwixt  them,  that  a  Parliament  (hould  be 

called,  for  fettling  of  all  Affairs,  with  Confent  of  the  tluec  Eftates, 

and  that  the  fame  fhould  be  kept  at  Edinbur^rh  upon  the  15th  Day 

of  December  next  :     In  the  mean  Time,  a  l^ond  was  fcnt  through 

the  Country,  to  be  fublcribed  by  all  Noblemen,  Barons  and  Frec- 

M.n  ofthe  'loltlers  ;  intimating,   That  the  §lt(ecn  being  weaned  of  the  Govern' 

^   n'Vub*  ''^^"^  ^^^-f  willtng  to  demit  the  fame,    tn  Favours  of  her  Son  j   and 

fcribT.Bcnd  requiring  all  Terfons  zvhatfoever,    to  own  him  as  their  lawful  and 

the  King V"  undoubted  Sovereign,    and  that  all  thofe  who  Jhould  not  fubfcribe  the 

S'"-^""  f^id  Bond  betwixt  the  Z$th  0/ July  and  the  i^th  Day  of  December, 

JJjoiild  be  declared  Traitors,  and  their  Eftates  forfeited. 

The  Qticen  was  induced  to  concur  with  them  in  this,  thinking 
diat  it  mic;ht  obtain  her  Liberty  ;  upon  which  a  great  many  of  her 
Friends  did  fubfcribe  it  at  her  Defire  ;  others  minding  their  own 
Cafe  (^),  and  to  prcferve  themfelves  and  Friends  from  a  mercilefs 
Enemy,  put  their  Hands  to  it,  yet  there  were  fome  who  remain'd 
flill  at  Hamilton  who  would  not  comply,  and  their  Eftates  and 
Moveables  were  forfeited,  and  confilcated  to  the  Regent's  Ufe. 
This  Bond  was .  publifhcd  from  the  Original,  in  the  College  of 
Clafgow,  by  Sir  James  T>alrymple  of  Killoch  {c). 

Tlie  Parliament  having  met  upon  the  19th  Day  of  Decembery 
the  Qticcn's  Friends  found,  that  her  Enemies  were  much  more 
numerous  than  they  were  j  for  by  a  great  Majority,  they  voted,  that 
ThtCL^een-iflie  fhould  be  confined  to  Lochlevin,  during  her  whole  Life;  where- 
fprotett"-  upon  the  Earls  of  Huntly  and  Argyle,  the  Lords  Inermeath,  Borth- 
I'.'.'iilmept.  ^^ek  and  feveral  others,  entered  a  Proteft  againft  them,  and  leav- 
r'Bond"for  ^"S  ^lie  Parliament,  went  ftraight  to  Hamilton ;  where  they  fubfcri- 
her  Defence,  bcd  the  followiug  Bond  ot  Aflociation  {d). 

"  Forafmuch  as,  confiderihg  the  Queen's  Majcfty  our  Sovereign 
"  to  be  detained  at  prefent  in  Lochlevin  in  Captivity,  wherefore  the 
"  moft  Part  of  her  Majefty's  Liedges  cannot  have  free  Accefs  to  her 
"  Highnefs,  and  feeing  it  oecomes  us  of  our  Duty  to  feck  her  Liberty 

and 

(«1  Ct.wf .  »nd  Mel,  Memi     (i)  Cf»wf.  Mem.  p.  .j8.     (.)  At  BUinb*.  in  4tO,  with  olbci  AuUicocick  Wiiu  «od  Keeof d»* 
(•0  Mel.  Mem.  Pig.  88.  Cnwf.  Men.  Pag.  ii. 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  0/  MARY,  ^een  of  Scotland.  30^ 

"  and  Freedom  ;     We  Earls,    Lords  and  Barons  underrubfcribin^,  jj^)^. 
"  promife  faithfully  to  ufe  the  outmoft  of  our  Endeavours,    by  all  '^sA^ 
"  reafonable  Means,  to  procure  her  Majefty's  Freedom  and  Liberty 
"  upon  fuch  honourable  Conditions,  as  mayftand  with  her  Majefty's 
"  Honour,  the  Common  Weall  of  the  whole  Realm,  and  Security 
**  of  the  whole  Nobility,  who  at  prefent  have  herMajefty  in  keeping, 
"  whereby  this  our  native  Realm  may  be  governed,  ruled  and  guided 
"  by  her  Majefty  and  her  Nobility  for  the  common  Quietnefs,  the 
*'  Adminiftration  of  Juftice  and  Weall  of  the  Country  ;  and  in  Cafe 
"  the  Noblemen  who  have  at  prefent  her  Majeftv  irt  their  Hands, 
"  refufc  to  fee  her  at  Liberty  upon  fuch  reafonable  Conditions  as 
"  faid  is,    in  that  Cafe  we  /hall  employ  our  felves,    our  Kindred, 
"  Friends,  Servants  and  Partakers,  our  Bodies  and  Lives  to  fet  her 
"  Highnefsat  Liberty,  as  faid  is :  And  alfo  to  concur  to  the  Punifh- 
"  ment  of  the  Murderers  of  the  King  her  Majefty's  Husband,  and 
"  for  fure  Prefervation  of  the  Perfon  of  the  Prince,  as  we  ftiallanfwer 
"  to  God,  and  on  our  own  Honours  and  Credit;  and  to  that  Eflfeifb 
"  fliall  concur  every  one  with  another  to  our  outmoft  Power ;    and 
*'  if  any  fhall  fet  upon  us,  or  any  of  usforthedoing  asaforefaid,  in 
:*'  that  Cafe  we  promife  faitiifully  to  efpoufe  one  another's  Intereft 
*'  under  Pain  of  Perjury  and  Infamy,  as  we  fhall  anfwer  to  God.     In 
**  Witnefs  whereof,  we  have  fubfcribed  thcfe  Prefents  at  Hamilton 
"  the  2,5th  of  ©fff^w^fr  1567.     St.  Andrews,  Argyle,  Htintly,  yir- 
"  broth,  Galloway,  Rojs,  Beming,  Herris,  Skirling,  Kilwinning  and 
"  Sir  Wtliiam  Hamilton  of  Sanquhar:     This  gave  fome  Uneafinefs  to 
the  Regent,  tho'  he  would  not  feem  to  take  notice  of  it ;  but  under 
Pretence  of  fupprcfting  fome  Thieves  upon  the  Borders,    he  ifllied 
out  immediately  a  Proclamation,    commanding  all  the  Subjects  to 
attend  him  in  Arms;  and  that  it  might  feem  indeed  the  real  Caufe, 
he  went  to  Clajgow  with  his  Army,  where,  by  his  Sentences,  he  gave 
the  World  a  fufficient  Specimen  of  the  Cruelty  of  his  Difpofition. 

In  the  Beginning  of  the  Month  of  January  1 558,  John  Hepburn,    some  or 
John  Bolton,    John  Hay  younger  of  Tallozo,  Mr.  Powrie,  Mr.  Paris  s^l^^t', 
and  Mr.  'Dalglie/h,  all  Servants  to  the  Earl  ofBothweli,  whom  Grange  forVhcKTng* 
had  taken  Prifoners  at  t\\eOrknies,  and  who  were  all  tried  and  found  Sm"**- 
guilty  by  their  own  Confeftions  of  tlie  King's  Murder  {a),  the  Sub-  ',Zlfi^- 
ftance  of  which  was,  That  they  were  enticed  to  that  wicked  Fa(5t  by 
their  Mafter,    who  had  aftured  them  that  the  moft  of  the  Nobility 
were  concerned  in  it,    and  that  he  had  fliewed  them  a  Contract 
fubfcribed  by  cy^urray  and  (Norton  to  that  EfFe(fl :  And  this  they 
attefted  upon  the  publick  Scaffold,  and  went  to  Death  with,  as  they 
fhould  anfwer  to  the  Eternal  God  ;    as  it  appears  from  their  Con- 
fellions  in  Mr.  Crawford's  Colle(flions  in   tlic  Lawyers  Library  at 
Edinburgh.    Yet  fo  blinded  were  the  Mob  with  the  fecming  Zeal 
and  Godlincfs  of  thefe  two  Earls,  that  they  would  not  believe  that 
they  had  any  Hand  in  it :    Yea  fo  confident  was  Murray  turned  of 
his  Power  and  Favour  with  the  People,  that  his  Followers  and  De- 

G  g  g  g  1  pendents 

(oj  Vtd.  (putf.  Lib.  ).  t><(.  >I4.  BUckwood,  Clup.  la. 


re 
Duib 


304  The  Life  of  MARY,  §l(<cen  of  Scotland.  Vol.  III. 

jy^  pendents  talked  publickly  that  his  Mother  iiad  been  married  to  King 
^•^^/"^  "jawes  Vtli,  and  that  he  could  produce  authentick  Documents  for 
it;  which  opened  the  Eves  of  agreat  many  of  the  Nobility  and  Barons 
wliomhehad  hitherto  led  blindfold,  and  plainly  difcovered  to  them 
what  his  Dcdgn  was,  which  they  fefolved  to  oppofe  with  the  firft 
Opportunity  that  Ihould  offer,  which  happened  fhortly  after,  by  the 
J.k',h"r"  Queen's makin"  her  Efcape  from Z;Oc^/(ri;;»,  which  Ihe  accomplifhcd 

ffc.pt  from     7*  "-^ 

L«H.v/i«.     thus : 

The  Queen  finding  that  George  1)ot4gbfsy  Brother  to  die  Gover- 
nor of  Lochlcvin  had  an  excefTive  Love  for  Money,  (he  propofed  to 
him,  that  if  he  could  find  out  a  Way  how  fhe  might  make  hcrEfcape, 
fhc  would  nobly  reward  him,  and  give  him  what  Preferment  he 
plcafed  to  ask  (a) :  For  fuch  a  Piece  of  Service  done  to  her  could 
not  be  fufticiently  recompenced  j  and  in  the  mean  Time  fhe  made 
a  Compliment  to  him  of  the  bcfl  Part  of  the  Jewels  and  Gold  fhe 
had  about  her.  This  being  a  mighty  Bait  to  a  covetous  and  ambi- 
tious Youth,  he  immediately  accepted  of  the  Offer  :  And  having 
laid  down  tlic  whole  Plot,  and  Manner  how  fhc  fhould  make  her 
Efcape,  fhe  wrote  Letters  acquainting  her  Friends  of  it,  which  Mr. 
Dou^lafs  delivered  to  Mr.  Beaton,  a  Gentleman  whom  fhe  put  entire 
TruU  in,  and  who  moft  faithfully  delivered  them,  with  their  Anfwers. 
The  Day  that  was  agreed  to  being  Sunday  Evening,  tlie  fecond  of 
Ma),  becaufe  tiien  tiic  People  were  generally  within  Doors  at  their 
Devotion,  George  Lord  Seaton,  attended  by  'James  Hamilton  of 
'Bttckbank,  a  Son  of  Orbijlon's,  and  a  few  Men  well  and  compleatly 
armed,  came  to  the  Place  appointed,  which  was  a  little  obfcurc  Bay 
upon  tlie  Loch-fide,  wiiere  they  received  her  with  great  Joy;  and 
havinfT  immediately  mounted  her  upon  Horfc-back,  they  rode  at  a 
good  round  Gallop  to  Niddrie,  a  Houfe  belonging  to  the  Lord 
Seaton,  where  tliey  flayed  for  Come  Time  to  refrefli  themfelves ;  and 
upon  the  4.th  of  May  fhe  came  to  Hamilton,  where  fhe  was  joyfully 
received  and  welcomed  by  the  Earls  of  ^r|-yf,  Cajjils,  EgHnton^nd 
Rothes,  the  Lords  Somer'vet,  Tejler,  Northl/erivick,  Living fton,  Herris, 
Q^axwell,  Sanquhar  and  Rofs,  with  their  friends  and  Followers,  to 
the  Number  of  a  Thoufand  effedlive  Men  :  After  her  Majefly  had 
received  fomc  Refrefhment,  the  Nobility  and  Barons  met,  to  deli- 
berate upon  what  they  fhould  next  do  ;  and  it  was  refolved  that  fome 
She  ftnd.  of  their  Number  fhould  befent  to  the  Earl  of  Murray,  who  wasftill 
^.TTo'^'rV.i  ^t  Glafgoiv,  to  defire  him  peaceably  to  refign  the  Regency,  and 
""''^m"'-'  repone  the  Queen  to  her  Authority ;  but  the  Anfwer  returned  to  her 
fojthcm.  by  her  Commiflioners,  who  were  detained  Prifoners,  was.  That  he 
would  defend  the  King's  Right  and  his  own,  againfl  all  his  Enemies 
whatfomcver :  Upon  which  immediately  Proclamations  were  emit- 
ted by  the  Queen  at  Hamilton,  and  by  the  Regent  at  GlaJgoiVy  for 
raifing  all  the  fencible  Men  of  the  Nation  to  their  Afliflance ;  and 
fuch  Multitudes  of  People  conveened  on  both  Sides,  that  the  fr-ench 
Ambaffador  faid  to  Sir  James  Melvil  (^),  that  he  never  (ftw  fo  many 

Men 


t«)  O.wf.  Mtm.  P.g.  <4.    C»)  MtUa-i  M.ra-  P.j.  99, 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  of  MAKY,  G^een  of  Scotland.  ""^ 

Men  fo  fiiddenly  conveened ;  neither  was  the  Prefs  idle,  many  Satyrs  '>•'^^ 
being  publifhcd  by  both  Parties  againft  one  another,  but  particularly  ^^VV 
there  waS  one  Poem  that  made  a  great  Noife,  Entituled,  The  double 
T>€alings  of  the  Rebels  in  Scotland;  wherein  the  whole  Hiftory  of 
Murray's  Life  and  Villainies  were  laid  open  ;  but  who  the  Author 
was,  could  not  be  difcovered.  Before  this  Satyr  there  is  a  Dedica- 
tion  oi  four  Lines,  thus ; 

rO<^    TRVTH  to  the  Envious. 

If  Momus  Children  feek  to  know  my  Name,  and  where  I  diveli^ 
I  am  Tom  Truth,  and  my  Aboad  1  liji  not  it  to  tell ; 
For  wife  Men  love  not' to  enquire,  who,  zvhere,  but  what  is /aid, 
oAnd  hold  themjelws  therevjith  content,  till  further  Proof  be  made. 

The  Satyr  it  felf  is  to  be  found  amongft  Mr.  Crawford\  Colk(5li- 


ons; 


The  French  AmbafTador  finding  that  the  two  Armies  were  ready 
to  engage,  he  endeavoured  to  mediate  a  Peace  betwixt  tliem.  This  Amb'tnaTr* 
Gentleman,  wlio  was  called  Monfieur  Beaumont  (a),  arrived  this  rpt'cTbl!* 
Year  upon  the  izd  of  oApril,  and  upon  the  lyth  had  Audience  of  Lal^i,'!':;!' 
the  Regent ;  his  Bufinefs  was  to  put  him  in  mind  of  his  Promife  to 
the  King  his  Mafter  in  fetting  the  Queen  at  Liberty  ;  but  a^urray 
told  him.  That  he  zvas  fo  far  from  being  able  to  perform  his  Promije, 
that  indeed  he  could  hardly  give  him  a  diflin6i  Anfwer  concerning  a 
^ufinejs  offo  much  Intricacy  and  Importance  ;  that  fie  being  now  the 
Parliament's  Prijoner,  there  was  no  Power  left  in  that  Affair  to  him; 
nor  could  he  call  a  new  Parliament,  fnce  they  had  metfo  very  lately : 
And  as  for  what  was  urged  concerning  the  Eafinefs  of  the  Matter^ 
becaufe  fome  Forts  were  in  his  Pojfejjion,  it  could  avail  little,  this  not 
being  at  all  a  proper  Seafon  to  attempt  any  Thing  in  her  'Behalf  be- 
caujc  a  much  longer  Time  was  abfolutely  necejjary  to  blunt  the  Rage  of 
that  Malice  zvhich  the  common  People  had  conceived  againji  her. 
This  fliifting  Anfwer  fo  difpleafcd  the  Ambartador,  that  he  never 
made  any  further  Application  to  him  :  But  now  thinking  to  render 
him  altogether  inexcufable  to  his  Mafter,  if  he  retufed  to  be  recon- 
ciled to  his  Sovereign,  lie  addrelTed  him  once  more,  but  with  the 
fame  Succefs ;  for  he  would  "not  yield  in  the  leaft:  to  any  Propofal 
that  could  be  made  to  him. 

The  Queen  and  her  Friends  finding  that  nothing  could  prevail, 
called  a  Meeting  of  the  Nobility  and  Barons  that  were  with  her,  and 
having  folemnly  declared  before  them,  that  her  Refignation  of  the 
Government  was  extorted  from  her  by  Force,  fhe  craved  their  AHi- 
ftance  and  Advice  in  the  prefcnt  Juncfture  of  Affairs,    and  it  was 
unanimoufly  agreed  to,  that  fhe  (hould  take  Poffeflion  of  the  Caftle 
6f  Dumbarton,  and  remain  there,    till  her  North-Country  Friends' 
fhouldjoin  them,  and  that  a  Parliament  fliould  be  called  toi'efcind 
tile  illegal  Ads  of  the  former,  and  for  laying  down  fuch  Meafures 
Hhhh  as' 


30(5  The  Ltfe  0/ MARY,  §l»een  o/"  Scotland  Vol.  11/, 

A^!^^,    asmiehtbeft  conduce  to  her  Safety  and  the  young  J'rJncc's,  and  the 

^•''V^'    eftabliniing  ot  lafting  Peace  for  the  general  Security  of  the  Natior* : 

In  rurfuance  of  this,  the  Queen  begun  her  march  from  Hamilton 

The  Two  I'po"  ^'^^  ^5^'^  ^^  ^^^y '  ^"^  ^'^^  Regent  having  intercept  her  by  the 

Armiei.n-  Way,  at  a  fiiiall  ViUa^c  callcd  L<7/7|yWf,  about  (even  or  eight  Miles 

trcr>'n"jMie  hom  Clajgow,  a  Battle  enfued  betwixt  them  upon  the  14th  [a). 

u^u    "  '"      The  Regent's  Army  was  above  4000  Men,    the  right  Wing  was 

commanded  by  the  Earl  of  Morton,  and  with  him  were  the  Lords 

Hume,  Semple,    Kincart,    Clamis,  Lindfay,  Ochiltrie  and  Secretary 

Lithington  :  The  left  Wing  was  commanded  by  the  Earls  of  Mary 

Glencairn,    Monteith  and   their  Followers  being  with   him  :    The 

Harquebuffars  were  planted  in  the  Village  beneath  the  Hill,  and 

within   the  Hedges  upon  the  High- Way,    and  tiie  Laird  of  Cr^iw^c 

had  the  Night  before  taken  TolVcfllon  of  the  Hill,  and  fome  Cott- 

Houfes,  fo  that  all  Things  confidered,  their  Camp  was  fo  advan- 

tagioufly  fituated,  that  it  was  next  to  impollible  to  defeat  tliem. 

The  Qiiecn's  Army  were  about  6000,  the  Earl  of  Argyle  com- 
manded the  main  Body  of  the  Army,  the  Lord  Arbroth  the  van 
Guard,  the  Earl  of  Cajjils  the  right  Wing,  and  with  him  were  the 
Earls  of  Rothes  and  Eglinton ;  the  Lorn  Claud  Hamilton  the  left, 
and  with  him  were  the  Lords  Seaton,  Herris,  Somervel^  Livtngjlon^ 
Fleming,  Boyd  and  Rofs :  Before  they  joined  Battle,  both  Armies 
cannonaded  one  another,  but  the  Advantage  was  upon  the  Repent's 
Side,  the  Queen's  Cannoniers  being  forced  to  quite  their  Port  ;  on 
the  other  Hand,  the  Qiieen's  Cavalry  being  much  fuperior  to  the 
Regent's,  they  came  upon  them  with  a  full  Gallop,  and  compelled 
them  to  give  Way;  but  when  they  entred  upon  the  Foot,  thinking 
to  put  them  in  Diiorder,  the  Archers  upon  the  Regent's  Side  fo  gall'd 
their  Horfcs  with  their  Arrows,  that  they  were  forced  to  retire : 
Then  the  main  Bodies  of  both  Armies  joined,  and  entred  into  a  hot 
Confli(5t  for  more  than  the  Space  of  half  an  Hour.  The  Fight  con- 
tinued doubtful,  and  fo  eagerly  thev  ftrove  for  the  Vidlory,  that 
they  whofe  Spears  were  broken,  ftood  throwing  their  Poiniards,  Stones, 
Piftols,  and  what  came  readieft  to  their  Hands  in  one  another's 
Faces  j  at  length  the  Laird  of  Grange  perceiving  that  the  right  Wing 
of  the  Regent's  van  Guard  was  like  to  be  put  to  the  Flight,  he  came 
with  a  frefh  Body  of  Men  to  their  Afliftance,  accompanied  with  the 
Lord  Lindfay  and  others,  where,  after  a  hot  Difpute,  the  Queen's 
Army  at  length  gave  Way,  and  were  put  to  the  Flight. 

In  this  Battle,  the  Number  of  the  llain  was  but  very  inconfide- 
lable,  not  exceeding  liO  upon  both  Sides  :  But  the  Regent  having 
purfued  his  Vi(5lory  for  feveral  Miles,  more  were  killed  in  the 
Purfuit  than  in  the  Battle,  and  a  great  many  Prifoners  were  taken ; 
amongft  whom  were  the  Lords  Seaton,  the  Sheriff  of  Air  and  Lir- 
lithgow,  Sir  James  Hamilton  oi Crawford- John,  Sir  James  Hamilton 
of  Avendal,  Alexander  Hamilton  of  Jnnerweek,  James  Hamilton 
of  Carren,    James  Hamilton  of  Kinkavil^     James  Hamilton  of 

iBothioel- 

(«)  Spolf.  Lib.  s.  P*e.  i>(.  Md.  Mcffl.  Fig.j}.  Cnwf.  Mtm.  Pag.  68.  fiUck.  Pag.  171. 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  0/MAR.Y,  ^een  0/ Scotland.  307 

Tothwcl-Haugk    oAlexander  'Baillie  of  Little-Gilt,    the  Lairds  of  j;^)^^ 
Lauchope,  IVachton,  Lochinvar  and  James  Heriot  of  Traebrowrt.      ^A)^ 

The  Earl  of  Hmtly  and  the  Lord  Ogthy  were  coming  up  to  her 
Afllftance,    but  hearing  of  the  Defeat,    the^  returned  again  to  the 
North  :     The  Queen  who  flood  a  Mile  ot  from  the  Battle,    upon 
the  Top  of  an  Hill,  perceiving  it  loft,  fled  towards  Gdlloz'jay  j  and 
the  next  Day  (a),  fhe  having  refolved  to  fly  into  England  for  Pro- 
tedlion,  the  Lord  Herris  wrote  a  Letter  to  the  Deputy-Govcrnour 
ofCarliJle,    to  know  if  he  would  receive  her  kindly  ;    and  in  his 
Return  to  tlie  Lord  Herris  he  tells  liim,    That  he  could  do  nothing 
hecaufe  the  Governor  my  Lord  Scroop  was  at  London,    l?ut  that  he 
Jhould  write  to  him  to  know  G^jteen  ElizabethV  Mtnd  in  that  yiffair. 
In  the  mean  Time  the  Queen  having  come  to  the  Abbay  of  ""Dtm- 
dranan  (li),  fhe  called  together  fuch  of  her  Friends  as  had  accom- 
panied her,  to  take  their  Advice  in  what  fhe  fhould  do  next ;  fome 
were  for  her  going  into  fome  flrong  Caftle,    where  fhe  might  flay 
till  her  Friends  raifed  a  new  Army  for  her  Service  ;  others  were  for 
her  taking  a  Ship  and  going  ftreightto  France ;  and  others  were  for 
her  lurking  quietly  in  the  Country  amongfl  her  Friends,   till  they 
fhould  get  a  fuflicient  Army  to  proted  her.     After  fhe  had  heard  all 
their  Opinions,  fhe  told  them,  Tliat  if  fhe  fhould  betake  herfelf  to 
any  flrong  Fort,  they  would  immediately  befiege  her,  and  fhe  had 
been  too  long  under  Confinement ;  that  to  go  in  a  fingle  Ship  to 
France  was  difgracefulj  as  if  fhe  were  a  Fugitive :  And  diat  as  for  the 
lurking  among  them,  that  could  not  but  be  attended  with  a  thou-  Th.Qu 
fand  Difl[iculties.     So,  fays  fhe,    I  will  throw  my  felf  into  tlie  Arms  nf"S, 
of  my  Sifter  the  Queen  of  England;    and  that  you  may  not  think  lolhi^'ftlf 
that  this  is  a  rafti  Refolution  in  me,  I  have  here  a  Diamond  Ring,  EJ^^i^' 
which  fhe  fent  me  as  a  Token  of  her  Friendfhip,  and  by  her  Letters  Ff«"fiio»- 
fhe  has  afTured  me,  that  if  my  rebellious  Subjc(fts  fhould  prove  too 
powerful  for  me,  as  they  have  now  done,  if  I  would  be  pleafed  to 
fhelter  my  felf  in  her  Dominions,  upon  the  fending  her  this  Ring, 
fhe  would  meet  me  her  felf  in  Perfon  upon  the  Borders,    and  affift: 
me  with  all  her  Power  :  But  fuppofing  tliat  fhe  fhould  not  ftand  to 
her  own  Hand  Writ  and  Promifes,  and  that  ftie  ftiould  favour  my 
fcditious  and  rebellious  Subjedls,  which  is  below  her  Charadler  and 
Honour  to  do,    yet  it  is  not  to  be  thought  that  fhe  will  violate  the 
Laws  of  Hofpitality,  by  delivering  me  up  to  them  :    No  furely,  if 
fhe  grant  me  not  her  Protedion,  fhe  will  not  deny  me  a  fafe  Paflage 
through  her  Dominions  to  my  Friends  in  France.     To  this  the  old 
Arch-Bifhop  of  St.  jindrews  made  the  following  Reply. 

"  Madam,  From  tlie  Hiftory  of  your  Predeceftbrs,  you  may  learn  The  am.. 
"  how  dangerous  a  Thing  it  is  to  truft  to  the  Englijh,  our  old  inve-  5i,'J'r^°7i* 
«  cerate  Enemies  j  for  (^\ialcom  IV.  of  tliat  Name  being  invited  by  \^*^^  »<» 
"  King  Henry  II.  of  England,  under  a  Pretence  of  paying  Homage     "'  ''' 
"  for  the  Northern  Counties,  was  moft  unjuftly  detained  Prifoner, 
"  and  obliged  to  go  with  him  to  France^  tho*  be  had  a  fafe  Condud 

H  h  h  h  1  "■  under 

(<)  Ml.  C«wt.  Mi.  UilL    (t)  BlKkwood,  r>(.  i;).  Ch•^  li. 


ucen 


308  The  Life  of  MA KY,  Glneen  of  Scotland. Vol.  \\\. 

A^,^     "  under  King  Henrys  Hand  for  going  and  returning  at  his  own 
'•^^'^y*^     »'  rieafure.     His  Brother  King  WiUtam  by  the  fame  Km^  Henry  W2is 
"  mofl  barbaroufly  treated,  and  kept  in  Trifon  for  ten  Years.    King 
"  James  1.  in  Time  of  Peace,  going  to /r^Wf  to  efcape  the  Cruelty 
"  of  his  Uncle,    and  being  driven  upon  the  Coufl  of  England  by 
"  Strefs  of  Weather,  was  detained  Pri(bnerfor  1 8  Years,  and  obliged 
*'to  repay  his  Ranfoni,    contrary  to  the  Laws  of  Hofpicality,   and 
*'  the  Law  of   Nations.     ^Alexander  Duke  of  y^ll^any,    Brother  to 
"  King  7(iwes  III.  returning  from  Gnelderland^  where  he  had  gone  to 
"  fee  the  Duke  his  Grand-father,    was  taken  at  Sea  by  the  Englifh, 
*'  and  detained  Prifoner,  without  the  leaft  Shadow  of  a  Reafon.  Be- 
"  fides,  Madam,  you  know,  that  the  Queen  of  England  bears  you 
"  no  good  Will)  for  flic  thought  to  have  taken  you  Prifoner  when 
"  you'came  from  France,  and  ever  fince  fhe  has  been  encouraging 
"  your  rebellious Subjedsagainfl;  you".     And  at  length,  falling d^own 
upon  his  Knees,  he  intreated  her  with  Tears  in  his  EyQ^,  to  remain 
amongfl:  them.     But  fhe  was  fo  afraid  of  falling  into  the  Hands  of 
the  Rebels,  from  whom  fKe  expecfled  no  Mercv,  that  no  Arguments 
could  prevail  with  her,  fo  taking  a  fmall  VefTel  at  Kirkculright,  at- 
tended by  the  Lord  Herrts  and  the  Lord  Fleming,  and  about  lO- 
Perfons  more,  they  fet  to  Sea,  and  landed  at  Wtrktngton  in  Cumber^ 
sheret!,.,  land,  wot  h\  from  Carltfe,  fhe  endeavoured  to  conceal  her  felf  at 
'°J'cl"'t\  firft,  till  Mr.  Beaton  fhould  return  from  Queen  Eltz^aheth,  to  whom 
E.^&°^fhe  had  fent  him  with  the  Ring,  requiring  her  Ptotedtion,    accor- 
Pfotcaiuu.    jjj^g  J.Q  i^g,.  promife,  and  the  following  Letter  which  fhe  wrote  in 
French  with  her  own  Hand,  the  vcrry  lame  Night  fhe  landed  (c). 

^'he  "\7"  O  V  are  not  ignorant,  my  'very  good  Sifler,  how  fome  of  my 
°^  JL  Stibjedfs,  whom  J  have  raifed  to  the  htghefi  Pitch  of  Hononry 
confpired  to  imprifon  7ne  and  my  Husband,  andhow  at  your  Jntercejjion, 
J  neverthelefs  received  them  again  into  Favour,  after  they  had  by 
Force  of  Arms  been  driven  out  of  my  Kingdom,  jtt  thefe  very  Men 
Iroke  violently  into  my  Chamber,  cruelly  murdered  my  Servant  before 
my  Face,  tho  I  luas  then  big  with  Child,  and  forcibly  detained  me  in 
their  Cuflody,  I  neverthelefs  pardoned  them  a  fecond  Time,  but  behold 
they  pretended  a  new  Crime  againfl  me,  which  they  ploted  themfelvefy 
And  figned  with  their  own  Hands,  and  were  now  ready  with  an  Army 
in  the  Field  to  charge  me ;  truflinz  however  to  my  Innocence,  and  de- 
firous  to  prevent  the  Jhedding  of  Chrtfian  "Blood,  J  willingly  put  my 
felf  into  their  Hands,  upon  which  they  immediately  thruji  me  into  Pri- 
fan,  removed  all  my  Servants  from  me,  excepting  one  or  two  waiting 
Maids -^  my  Thyjician,  and  my  Cook;  conf  rained  me  by  Threats,  and 
Terror  of  Death  to  refign  my  Kingdom;  and  in  an  Ajfembly  of  the 
Eflates  convocated  by  their  own  oAuthority,  refufed  to  hear  me  or  my 
Advocates,  dijpoiled  me  of  my  Goods,  and  barred  me  from  all  Confe- 
rence with  any  Man  j  afterwards  by  God's  Guidance,  J  efcaped  out  of 

Prijon, 


net  firft 
Letter  to  the 
Queen 
inglAiii, 


(<)i  Vid.  Crtwf.  Col.  *Ad  hii  Mem.  Pig«  ii%,  Ctrndco'i  £lix.  109. 


Vol.  Iir.  T7;g  Life  of  MARY,  ^een. of  5corland 


rrifon,  and  hein^  guarded  by  the  Flower  of  the  Nobility,  who  gladly  ^^^ 
fockcd  unto  rhe  from  all  Parts,  J  put  my  Enemies  in  mi  fid  of  their  vrvi^ 
'Duty  and  Allegionce  \  I  offered  them  Pardon,  and  proposed  that  both 
Parties  might  be  heard  tn  an  ^jjembly  of  the  Eftates,  that  the  Com- 
mon-Wealth might  be  no   longer  dtfiraded   with  Civil  Combuftions  • 
Tzvo  c^ejfengers  I  fent  about  this  chatter,    both  of  them  they  cafi 
in  Prifon ;  thofe  zuho  aided  me  they  proclaimed  Traitors,    and  com- 
manded them  by  publick  Proclamation  prefently  to  leave  me  :  I  prayed 
them,  that  the  Lord  Boyd  might,    upon  publick  faith  and  Ajjurance, 
treat  with  them  about  compofng  Matters,    but  this  alfo  they  flatly 
denied  ;  yet  I  hoped,  that  by   your  Mediation  they  might  have  been 
recalled  to  their  Duty  :  But  when  I  Jaw  that  ]  mufl  have  undergone 
either 'Death,  or  a  new  Imprijonment,  I refolved  to  go  to  Dumhauon. 
They  in  the  Way  oppofed  themjelves  againfl  me,    killed  and  put  my 
Army  to  fight  in  'Battle.     I  betook  my  f elf  to  my  Lord  Herris,  with 
whom  I  am  come  intd  your  Ktngdon,  trufting  ajjuredly  in  your  fngular 
Kindnefs^  that  you  will  aft fl  me,  and  ixcite  others  by  your  Example. 
I  do  therefore  ear  ne fly  tntreatyou,  that  I  may  be  forthzoith  conducted 
Unto  you,  who  am  noiv  in  viry  great  Straits.     I  f)all  more  fully  in- 
form you,  when  it  fia/l  pleafe  you  io  take  Pity  upon  me.     God  grant 
unto  you  a  long  and  fafe  Life,   and  to  me  Patience  and  Confolation, 
which  I  hope  and  pray  that  I  may  obtain  of  him  by  your  Means. 

MARY     R. 

In  the  mean  Time,  as  I  have  faid,  fhe  endeavoured  to  conceal  her 
felf,  but  fhe  found  it  altogether  impra(5licable  ;  for  the  Gentry  came 
in  Throngs  from  all  the  Parts  of  the  Gountry  to  fee  her,  and  wait 
upon  her  ;  upon  which  fhe  refolved  to  r6move  to  Carlife,  where 
fhe  was  very  honourably  received  by  the  Deputy  Governor  :  And 
Queen  Eliz^abeth  was  no  fooner  advertifed  of  it,    but  fhe  wrote  to 
himtofhew  her  all  Manner  of  Civilitv,  but  withall,  to  keep  her  in 
Cuflody  as  a  Prifoner  at  large  j  and  likewife  ordered  him  to  write  to 
the  Lady  Scroop  (a),  the  Duke  of  Nerthfolk's  Sifler,  then  in  the  North, 
to  repair  with  luch  Ladies  as  fhe  fhould  think  proper  to  take  alongfl 
With  her,  to  wait  upon  the  Scots  Queen,  and  the  very  fame  Day  fhe 
ordered  the  Lord  Scroop  the  Governor  of  Carlife,  and  Sir  Francis 
Knolls  to  pofl  there  flreighc,  to  aflure  her  of  her  Love  and  Friend- 
fhip  :  The  poor  Queen  noways  doubting  but  all  this  fecming  Kind-' 
nefs  was  fincertly  meant,  difpatched  my  Lord  Flerris  and  the  Lord  il'd"}!.*^' 
Fleming  \f]\\\\  the  Return  of  her  Thanks  to  her  Sifter,  and  a  Letter,  n^mmj'io"* 
wherein  fhe  required  chat  fhe  might  be  brought  to  London  to  confer  ^X  ^* 
witli  her,  and  that  the  Lord  Fleming  might  be  allowed  to  go. over 
to  France,  to  acquaint  her  Fridnds  there  of  her  Condition ;  both 
whicli  fhe  flatly  denied,  telling  her  in  her  Anfwer,  That  it  was  not 
Confiflent  with  her  Honour  to  allow  her  to  come  to  herPrefence, 
till  flic  had  vindicated  her  felf  from  the  Afperfions  that  were  laid  to 

I  i  1  i  her 


C«;  Sc«  clxfc  Ullcri  In  Ml.  Otwfoid'i  ColUaioai. 


310  The  Ltfe  0/  MARY,  §lueen  of  Scotland.  Vol.  lU. 

aIT^  her  Charge  by  her  Subjedls  ;  nor  was  it  confiftcnt  with  her  Safety 
'"'^^^'^  to  allow  Tier  to  call  her  French  Friends  to  her  Adiftancc  :  Sir  Francis 
Knolls  liaving  delivered  this  Letter  to  her,  ftie  could  not  forbear 
crying  out  {a\  And  ddes  the  §lHeen  of  England  then  belic've  indeed 
that  Mary  §lueen  of  Scots  is  an  tU  Woman,  hecaufe  her  rekUioHs  Stib- 
ietls  have  reprefented  her  as  fuch,  to  excuje  their  own  Crimes  ?  To 
which  Knolls  replied,  That  his  Miflris  zvas  upon  all  Occafions  ready 
to  approve  her  felf  her  Friend,  but  that  the  Matters  charged  agaiifl 
her  were  fuch,  that  unlefs  they  were  d  if  proved,  fhe  could  not  without 
dtfgufling  her  Subjedfs  in  England,  efpoufe  her  Caufe  ;  nor  could  her 
Return  to  Scotland  under  juch  Afperfions  produce  a  lafling  Peace, 
ftnce  the  Generality  of  People  are  apt  to  credit  the  vjorfl  i^Accomt  of 
the  oA^ions  oj  the  Creat,  and  judge  Affairs  of  the  lafl  Importance  vy 
the  outfide  only.  The  Queen  perceiving  now,  tho'  too  late,  her 
Error,  wrote  another  Letter  to  the  Qiieen,  wherein  fhe  earncftly 
begged  that  fhe  would  permit  her  to  go  over  to  France,  and  upon 
her  Honour,  and  by  all  the  facred  Ties  fhe  could  require  of  her, 
fhe  fhould  not  diflurb  her  Government  j  but  this  was  lilcewife  refufed 
her.  On  the  other  Hand,  the  Earl  of  Murray  wrote  to  Queen 
Eliz>abeth  in  Vindication  of  himfelf  and  his  Proceedings.  Queen 
Eliz^abeth,  however,  pretended  to  be  very  ill  fatisfied  with  Tidiirray 
upon  this  Account,  and  fent  one  Middlemore  to  acquaint  Jiini,  that 
it  was  dangerous  to  Princes  to  fuffer  quietly  fuch  Rebellions  in  their 
neighbouring  States,  becaufe  the  Example  might  incite  their  own 
Subjedls  to  the  like  Pradlices ;  that  for  her  Part  fhe  was  refolved  not 
to  fee  Royal  Authority  trampled  upon  by  thofe  whofe  Duty  it  was 
to  obey  ;  and  if  in  Scotland  they  had  forgot  their  Obedience  to  their 
Sovereign,  yet  fhe  could  not  but  let  them  know  that  fhe  remembred 
what  Offices  of  Friendfhip  were  due  from  her  to  a  Queen,  and  to 
her  Kinfwoman  in  Diftrefs;  withall  afTuring  him,  that  if  he  did  not 
come  himfelf,  or  fend  fufficient  Deputies  to  anfwer  to  the  Crimes 
cbjcdted  againfl  him  and  his  Confederates,  and  give  Reafons  for 
what  he  had  done  againfl  the  Queen,  fhe  would  not  only  reftorc 
her  to  her  Liberty,  but  aflifl  her  to  the  outmofl  of  her  Power  againfl 
all  her  Enemies.  But  all  this  was  not  done  out  of  any  real  Defign 
that  fhe  had  of  ferving  the  Queen,  but  to  make  her  felf  Umpire  or 
Judge  of  the  Cafe  betwixt  her  and  her  Subjecfls. 

In  the  mean  Time  great  Numbers  of  Queen  Marys  faithful  Sub- 
iefls  repairing  to  Carltfle,  the  Governor  being  afraid  that  they  might 
nave  fome  Defign  of  lurprizing  both  him  and  the  Town,    he  ac- 
quainted Queen  EliZjabeth  of  it  {b),  who  immediately  ordered  her 
/.dTfto*""*"  ^°  ^^  removed  from  Carlifle  to  Bolton,  a  Houfe  belonging  to  mv 
B^/(«*  "    ^^"^^  Scroop,  where  fhe  arrived  upon  the  i  dth  Day  of  July  i  $6^. 
Her  Loyal  Subjedls  being  alarmed  with  this,  immediately  railed  what 
Forces  they  could,  refolving  to  attempt  her  Relief  with  the  outmofl 
."'I/ai™  ^^"^  °^  ^^^^^  Lives,  and  appointed  Glafgow  for  the  Place  of  their 
fM  hei  Re-  Rendezvous  :    The  Earls  of  Huntly  and  Crawford,  and  the  Lord 
'"'  Ogihie 

(«)  Crawf.  Mem.  Pag.  84.    Crawf.  Coll. 


cm 

own 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  0/  MARY,  '^eeit  0/ Scotland.  311 

Ogilvie  (a)  raifcd  fix  thoufand  Men,  the  Earl  of  ^rgyte  three  thou- J^)^ 
fand,  and  the  Earls  of  Cajjils,  Eglinton,  the  Lord  Claud  Hamilton^^\^. 
and  z^ontgomry  had  another  powerful  Army  with  tliem :  On  the 
odier  Hand,  the  Regent  raifed  all  the  Forces  he  could ;  but  being 
much  inferior  to  the  Queen's  Friends,  he  wrote  a  Letter  to  Queen 
Eliz^akth,  begging  her  Affiftance.  She  no  fooner  received  his  Let- 
ter, but  (he  dilpatched  a  Gentleman  to  Queen  Mary  with  a  Letter, 
in  which  (he  tells  her,  That  in  iier  Opinion,  for  the  Good  of  her 
Subjects  and  Kingdom,  (he  ought  to  prevent  a  Civil  War  amongfl 
them,  and  that  if  (he  would  command  her  Friends  to  lay  down  their 
Arms,  (he  would  oblige  Murray  and  his  Army  either  by  Reafon  or 
Force  to  return  to  their  Duty  to  her,  as  their  only  lawful  Sovereign 
and  Queen.  She  fufpeding  no  Harm  or  Trick  in  this  Advice,  im-^^,, 
mediately  fent  her  Commands  to  her  Friends  to  lay  down  their  '""^'  '^i^' 
Arms  upon  their  Allegiance,  which  they  obeyed,  being  afraid,  that  lh»i*  Aral 
{he  mii^ht  meet  with  lome  harfh  Treatment  if  fhe  did  not  comply 
witli  what  the  Queen  of  England  propos'd  to  her,  tho'  they  were 
convinced,  fhe  defigned  her  Ruin  j  at  the  fame  Time  Queen  Eliz^a- 
beth  wrote  Letters  to  the  Regent  to  disband  his  Army,  and  to  call  a 
Parliament,  wherein  he  fhould  propofe  that  an  Accufation  fhould 
be  laid  in  againft  her  for  murdering  of  her  Husband,  otherwife  fhe 
could  not  be  anfwerable  to  the  reft:  of  the  Princes  of  Europe  for 
keeping  her  in  Prifon. 

The  Parliament  having  met,  it  was  long  difputed  whether  all  thofe 
that  had  taken  up  Arms  againft  the  King,  arid  not  fued  for  Pardon 
and  Remifllon  (b),    fhould  be  forfeited,    or  if  Sentence  fhould  be 

{;iven  a^inft  a  few  only  to  terrify  the  reft  :    Secretary  Lithtngton 
laving  great  Power  in  the  Parliament,  prevailed  with  them  to  punifh 
only  a  few  ;    but  this  fatisfied  not  the  Regent,  for  after  the  Parlia- 
ment rofe,    he  marched  with  his  Army   through  the  Countries  of 
Niddejdale^  Annandale^  and  the  lower  Parts  of  (7ai7oa'rty,  and  plun- 
dered and  deftroyed  the  Lands  of  the  Queen's  Friends  wherever  he 
came,,  and  garifon'd  their  Houfes  with  his  Soldiers ;    neither  could 
he  be  prevailed  with  to  defift  from  accufing  the  Queen  before  the 
Queen  of  England^  altho'  his  Friends  told  him  ("c),  Tiiat  it  was  an 
unworthy  Thing  to  bring  the  Queen's  Reputation  in  Queftion  before 
Strangers,    profefTed  Enemies  to  the  Nation,    who  laugh'd  at  our 
Calamities  and  Divifions,  and  who  by  no  Law,    either  Divine  or 
Human  could  be  conftitute  her  Judges ;  by  this  Acflion  likewife  he 
could  not  fhun  to  incur  the  Hatred  of  a  great  Number  of  People, 
yea  of  her  own  Son  the  King  when  he  fhould  come  to  Age,  and  who 
undoubtedly  could  not  but  refent  fuch  an  unworthy  Treatment  of  his 
Mother.  But,  (-Ays  Blackwood,  nothing  could  prevail  with  this  curfed 
Son  of  Hagar,  tor  a  Commiffion  was  ifTued  out  under  the  Great  Seal 
in  the  King's  Name  (<^,  impowcring  himfelf,  the  Earl  of  Mortori^ 
the  Bifhop  of  Orkney,  Robert  Pitcatrn  Abbot  of  'Dumfefmltng,  tlie 

I  i  i  i  1  Lord 


^11  The  Life  of  MARY,  Glueen  of  Scotland Vol.  Jlir 

/u^i^    Lord  Lindf^y^  ^^  ^"X  ^'^''^^  of  them  to  convccn  with  th^j  Dcputie? 

*^^^  of  the  Qiieen  of  England  at  Tork,  or  any  other  Place  or  Places  they 
fhoiiltl  think  expedient,  there  to  make  plain  and  ample  Declaration"? 
to  them,  for  informing  his  good  Siller  of  rhe  true  Caufcs,  where- 
upon  divers  of  the  Nobility  and  good  Subjt(fts,  during  the  Time 
that  the  Qiieen  his  Mother  was  yet  PoflefTor  of  the  Crown,  took 
Occafion  to  have  their  Recourfe  to  Arms,  to.  take,  detain  and  feque- 
ftrate  her  Perfon  for  a  Time,  with  all  Caufes,  Adtions,  Circiimftan- 
ces,  and  other  their  Proceedings  whatfoevcr  towards  her,  or  any 
other  Siibjeds  of  the  Realm,  fince  that  Time  to  the  Day  and  Date 
of  the  Commidion,  or  that  fhould  fall  out  until  the  Return  of  the 
faid  Commidioncrs,  whereby  the  Juftice  of  their  Caufe,  and  ho- 
nourable Dealing  may  be  manifefled  to  the  World :  As  likewife  to 
commune,  treat,  determine  and  conclude  with  his  faid  Sifter,  or 
herCommiftioners,  having  fufficient  Authority,  upon  all  Differences, 
Caufes  or  Matters  depending  betwixt  the  Subjedts  of  either  Realm, 
or  for  farther  Confirmation  or  Augmentation  of  any  Treaty  of  Peace 
heretofore  made  and  concluded  betwixt  the  Realms,  or  for  con- 
tradling  or  perfecfling  any  other  Treaty  or  Confederation,  as  well 
for  Maintenance  of  the  true  Religion  publickly  profeffed  by  the 
Inhabitants  of  both  the  Realms,  as  for  refiftin^  any  foreign  or  in- 
teftine  Power  that  might  be  ftirred  up  within  the  fame,  to  difturb 
die  prefent  Quietnefs  that  it  hath  pleafed  the  Almighty  God  to  grant 
unto  both  the  Kingdoms  in  the  Unity  of  the  faid  Religion,  and  for 
Increafe  of  Amity,  Peace  and  Concord  betwixt  him  and  his  faid 
Sifter,  their  Realms,  Dominions,  People  and  Subjefls,  and  generally 
to  do  and  conclude  all  Things,  which  by  them,  or  any  three  of 
them  ftiould  feem  convenient  and  necefl'ary  for  the  Premiftes,  or 
any  Part  thereof,  promifing  to  hold  firm  and  ftable,  ^c.  Dated  at 
Bdinhurgh  the  i8th  of  September  1568. 

There  were  joined  as  Affiftants  to  the  abovenamed  Perfons,  Mr. 
James  <iM-Gill,  Mr.  Henry  Balnaves,  two  of  the  Senators  of  the 
College  of  Juftice,  and  Mr.  George  Buchanan  Preceptor  t^  the 
King,  Perfons  who  had  acquired  greater  Reputation  by  their  Know- 
ledge and  Learning,  than  by  their  Religion  and  Honefty;  they 
were  accompanied  likewife  by  feveral  other  Perfons  of  Note,  Tome 
of  which  went  out  of  Curiofity,  and  others  to  aftift  cither  the  Queen 
or  the  Regent  with  their  beft  Advice ;  and  amongft  the  reft  were 
JMr.  George  Dotigtafs  Biftiop  of  Murray,  Mr.  Nicolas  Elphinftony 
the  Lairds  of  PitarroWy  Northherwick  and  Cleefh,  Secretary  Lith- 
ington,  and  the  facflious  Mr.  Wood,  Murray  s  Secretary^ 

The  Commiftioners  chofen  by  the  Queen  to  appear  for  her,  wer^ 
John  Leflie  Bifhop  of  Rojs,  William  Lord  Livingfton,  Robert  Lord 
'Boydy  and  the  Lord  Herris,  the  Lord  Fleming,  Gavin  Hamilton 
Commendator  of  ICilwiningy  the  Lairds  of  Lochinvar,  Skirling,  Ro- 
Jlin  and  GaurntUly^  (a). 

The 

(«)  McU  Mtm.  l>*g.  9). 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  of  MARY,  Gluten  0/ Scotland.  513 

The  City  ot  Tork  being  the  Place  tondcfcendcd  upon  for  their  ^!f^ 
Meeting,  the  Regent  arrived  there  upon  the  5th  of  Oaober  (a),  "•^^^' 
the  very  fame  Day,  and  much  about  the  fame  Hour  arrived  the 
Queen  of  England's  Commirfioners,  wiiich  were  Thomas  Howard 
Duke  of  Northfolk,  Thomas  Ratclijf  Earl  of  Sujjex,  and  Prelident 
o^  t\\Q  Norths  and  Sir  Ralph  Sadler;  all  Parties  having  met,  their 
Commiilions  produced  and  read,  the  Duke  of  Northfolk  required 
the  Regent  (/>)  to  do  Homage  to  the  Qiiecn  of  England,  as  hold- 
ing his  Crown  in  Vaffalage  of  the  Crown  ot  England;  whereat, 
fays  Sir  James  c^elvtl.  the  Regent  grew  Red,  and  knew  not 
what  to  anfwer ;  but  Secretary  Lithlngton  replied,  That  in  reftoring 
ai^ain  co  Scotland  i\\z  L^ndz  oi  Hnnttngton,  Ctimberland  z.nd  North- 
umberland, and  fuch  other  Lands  as  Scotland  did  of  old  pofleCs  in 
England,  that  Homage  fhould  be  made  for  the  faids  Lands,  but  as 
for  the  Grown  and  Kingdom  ot  Scotland,  they  never  held  oi  Eng- 
land, and  they  had  been  freeer  than  England  had  been,  who  of  late 
had  paid  St.  Teters  Penny,  which  Scotland  had  never  been  brought 
to  doi  then  they  prefented  an  Oath  to  them,  by  which  they  re- 
quired them  to  fwear,  that  they  fliould  proceed  fincerely  in  thatCon- 
krence  or  Treaty,  neither  out  of  Malice  or  Affeiftion,  or  any  other 
worldly  Refpcdf,  advance  any  Thing  they  did  not  in  their  Confci- 
ences  believe  co  be  Truth,  or  conceal  any  Thing  that  might  give 
Light  into  the  fubjeif  Matter  of  the  Debate;  but  before  any  of 
the  Parties  took  this  Oath,  the  Commi/Tioners  for  Queen  z^ary^ 
who  had  the  Preference  given  them,  protefted,  and  defired  that  it 
might  be  recorded,  that  altlio'  fhe  at  prefent  was  pleafed  to  have 
the  Difference  betwixt  her  and  her  rebellious  Subje(fts,  confidered 
and  redreded  by  her  deareft  Coufin,  and  Sifter  the  Queen  of  Eng- 
land,  or  by  the  Commiffioners  authorized  by  her,  that  fhe  acknow- 
lc2;ed  not  her  felf  fubjedt  to  any  Jqdge  on  Earth,  fhe  being  a  free 
Pruicefs,  and  holding  her  Imperial  Crown  of  God  alone. 

The  Englijh  Commiffioners  on  the  other  Hand  protefted,  That 
they  did  neither  admit  nor  allow  that  Proteftation  in  any  Sort  to 
the  Hurt  or  Prejudice  of  that  Right,  which  the  Kings  of  England 
have  claimed,  had,  of  enjoyed  as  Superiors  over  the  Realm  of 
Scotland,  which  Superiority  they  protefted  fhould  belong  and  ap- 
pertain to  the  Queen  tiieir  Miftris  in  the  Right  of  the  Crown  of 
England.  Thefe  Proteftations  being  made,  both  Parties  took  the 
ubovementioncd  Oath,  and  thefe  were  the  Proceedings  of  the 
firrt  Day. 

The  next  Day  the  Commiffioners  for  Queen  Mary  gave  in  the 
following  Declaration  (c),  That  fames  End  of  Morton,  John. Ea.1l 
of  e^'^r,  Alexander  Earl  of  Glencairn,  the  Lords  Hume,  Ruth- 
-ven,  Lindfay,  Sernple,  Cathcart,  Ochiltrie,  and  others  their  AfUft- 
ants  had  levied  an  Army  in  the  Queen's  Name  againft  the  King,  ra- 
king l^er  moft  noble  Perfon,    ufed  her  in  moft  vile  Manner  and 

Kkkk thruft 

(<),  0>wr.  M**).  Vigt't),  M<l.  $0.  M<Ri.  P(|«  94.  (<)>  Vii.  Cnwf.  Mfm.   Ttft  ft.  Sfo^  Uk.   5.  Pi|t  iitt,  IJiUb 
Ld4«f  QuM"  M^r.  f'l*  "**• 


214.  q^he  Ltfe  of  MARY,  ^ecn  of  Scotland.  Vol.111. 

f^*"^'^''^  thruft  her  into  Prifon  in  LochUviny  and  torcibly  broke  into 
w/V^  htr  Mint-lioufc,  taking  away  the  printing  lions,  with  all  the  Silver 
and  Gold  coined  and  uncoined  which  was  in  the  Houfc  for  the 
Time,  and  i^oing  to  the  Caftle  of  Sttyling^  had  made  a  Taihion  to 
crown  the  Prince  her  Son,  being  then  but  i  5  Months  old  ^  that 
James  Earl  of  Murray  taking  upon  him  the  Name  of  Kcgcnt,  had 
udupcd  the  Royal  Authority,  and  polfcfs'd  himfclf  of  the  whole 
Forts,  Caftlcs,  Munition,  Jewels  and  Revenue  ot  the  Kingdom ; 
and  when  it  had  pleafed  God  to  relieve  her  out  of  tliat  Prifon, 
wherein  (he  was  lo  ftraitly  detained  for  the  Space  of  1 1  Months, 
and  none  of  her  Friends  and  rrue  Subjcdls  once  permitted  to  fee 
her,  or  Ipcak  with  her,  and  that  fhc  had  publickly  declared  by  a 
folcmn  Oath  in  prcfcncc  of  divers  of  the  Nobility  at  Hamilton-^  that; 
whatfoever  was  done  by  her  in  Prifon,  was  extorted  by  Force, 
Threats  and  Fears  of  Death,  fhe  out  of  that  Af1['e(ftion  which  fhc 
carried  to  her  Realm  and  Subjc(5fs,  did  appoint  the  Earls  of  ArgiUi 
Bglinton,  Cajfils  and  Rothes  to  agree  and  make  a  Pacification  with 
the  (aid  Regent  and  his  Partakers  5  but  they  were  fo  far  from  ad- 
mitting any  peaceable  Treaty,  that  they  did  invade  her  in  her  paf- 
fing  to  Dumbarton  with  the  Men  ot  War  which  fhe  had  hired  with 
her  own  Money,  kill'd  divers  of  her  faitliful  Sub)e(5fs,  led  others 
away  Prifoncrs,  and  banifhcd  I'ome  of  good  Note,  for  no  other 
Caufe,  but  for  fcrving  faithfully  their  lawful  Princefs  ;  and  fo  after 
a  2;rcat  many  Injuries,  had  forc'd  her  to  fiy  into  England  to  rcquefl 
tlic  Help  of  Qiiccn  EtiZjahetht  her  deareft  Siflcr,  and  in  blood  the 
nearcft  Coufin  fhe  had  in  the  World,  tor  rcfloring  her  to  her  for- 
nicr  Effate,  and  compelling  her  rebelious  Subje(!^s  to  acknowledge 
their  due  Obedience  to  her  Majefty,  which  they  in  her  Highnels's 
Name  did  mofl  inftantly  intreat. 

This  Declaration  being  read,  they  adjourned  to  the  next  Day, 
which  being  the  9th  of  Oilober,  the  Commiflioners  for  the  Infant 
King  as  they  called  thcmfclves,  gave  in  the  following  Declaration, 
That  King  Henry  Father  ti  their  Sovereii^n  Lord  the  King  now 
reigning,  Dcing  horribly  murdered  in  his  Be^,  James  Hepburn  fomc- 
times  Earl  of  Bothzuell,  who  was  known  to  be  chief  Author  thereof, 
entered  into  fuch  Credit  with  the  Queen  then  their  Sovereign,  that 
within  two  Months  after  the  Murder  committed,  he  attempted  2 
Rape  ot  her  Perfon,  and  carried  her  to  Dunbar  Caflle,  where  he 
did  keep  her  a  Captive,  a  certain  Space,  caufing  a  Divorce  to  be 
led  betwixt  him  and  his  lawful  Wife,  and  upon  the  Conclufion 
thereof,  did  fuddenly  accomphfh  a  pretended  Marriage  with  the 
Queen,  which  infolcnt  Proceeding,  together  with  the  (hametul  Re- 
port which  pafs'd  in  all  Nations  of  the  King's  Murder,  as  if  the 
whole  Nobility  had  been  alike  culpable  thereof,  fo  moved  the  Hearts 
of  a  good  Number  of  them,  that  they  thought  nothing  could  be 
performed  more  honourable  for  thcmfclves  in  the  Sight  of  ali  the 
World,  than  by  punifhing  the  faid  Earl,  who  had  committed  the 
Murder  to  frco  tnemfclycs  of  the  vile  Report  fpred  every  where 

to 


Vol.  III.  The  Ltfe  0/  MARY,  ^een  of  Scotland.  31^ 

to  fet  the  Queen  at  Liberty  from  the  Bondage  of  that  Traitor,  ^;;:^j-^ 
who  had  fo  prefumptuoufly  enterprized  the  Rape  and  Marriage  of  ^-'V^' 
her  wliofe   lawful   Husband  he  could  not  be,  and  to  preferve  the 
innocent  Perfon   of  the    Kin^  from  the  Hands  of  him  who  had 
murdered  his  Father  :     For  which  Purpofe  they  taking  Arms  when 
the  faid  Earl  came  againfl:  them  with  Forces,  leading  in  his  Com- 
pany the  Qiieen  to  defend  his  Wickednefs,  they  offered   for  fpa- 
nng  the   Blood  of  innocent  Men,    to  decide  the  Quarrel  in  a 
fingle  Combat,    whereof  himfelf,    by  Cartel  and   Proclamation, 
had  fundry  Times  made  offer  :     But  after  many  Shifts,  he,  in  the 
End  diredtly  refufed  the  fame,  and  the  Queen  preferring  his  Impunity 
to  her  own  Honour,  that  he  might  have  Leifurc  to  efcape,  came  wil- 
lingly to  the  Noblemen  that  were  in  Arms,    and  conferred  with 
tiiem  a  certain  Space;  after  which  they  convoyed  her  to  Edinburgh^ 
informing  her  or  the  true  Caufes  which  moved  them  to  that  Form 
of  Dealing,  and  did  humbly  intreat  her  Majefty  to  fuffer  the  faid 
Earl,  and  others,  the  King  her  Husband's  Murderers,  to  be  punifhed 
according  to  the  Laws,  and  the  pretended  Marriage,    in  which  ftie 
was  raflily  enter'd,  to  be  diffolved,  as  well  for  her  own  Honour,  as 
for  the  Safety  of  her  Son,  and  Quietnefs  of  die  Realm  and  Subjecfls; 
but  having  received  no  other  Anfwcr,  but  rigorous  Threats  againft 
the  Noblemen,'  and  fhe  a.vouching  to  be  avenged  upon  all  thofe 
that  had  (hown  themfelves  in  that  Caufe,  they  were  driven  by  Ne- 
cefTity  to  fequeftrate  her  Perfon  for  a  Seafon  from  the  Company  of 
iBothweU,  and  the  keeping  of  any  Intelligence  with  him,  until  Punifh- 
ment  might  be  taken  of  him,  as  Murderer  of  the  King  her  Husband  ; 
in  the  mean  Time  flie  finding  her  felf  wearied  with  the  Troubles 
of  Government,    and  perceiving  by  Things  that  had  pafs'd  before 
that  Time,    betwixt  her  and  the  People,    neither  could  fhe  well 
allow  of  their  DoingSj  nor  they  like  of  her  Forms;  upon  thefe,  and 
other  Confiderations,    fhe  voluntarly  refigned   her  Kingdom,  and 
transferred  the  fame  unto  her  Son  appointing  the  Earl  of  c^urray 
(who  was  at  that  Time  abfent  forth  of  the  Realm)  to  be  Regent 
during  her  Son's  Minority,  and  in  Cafe  of  the  faids  Earl's  Deccafe, 
or  not  Acceptance  of  the  faid  Office,  divers  other  Noblemen  whofe 
Names  are  expreffed  in  the  Commiffions  figned  by  her  felf,    and 
fealed  with  the  Seal  of  the  Kingdom  :    The  King  hereupon  being 
duly,    rightly  and  ordetly  crown'd  and  anointed,   and  the  Earl  of 
Murray,  after  his  Return,  lawfully  placed  and  admitted  Regent,  all 
thefe  Things  were  ratified  and  confirmed  by  the  Three  Eftates  of 
Parliament,  moft  of  thofe  who  had  withdrawn  themfelves  from  his 
Authority  being  prefent,    and  giving  their  Confent  to  the  fame. 
Ncverthelefs,  whenas  Matters  were  thus  eftablifhed,  and  the  King's 
Autliority  univerfally  obeyed  without  Contradi(5lion,  certain  Perfons 
envying  the  publick  Quietnefs,  had  by  their  fubtile  Pradl:ices,  firft 
brought  the  Queen  out  of  Lochlcvtn,  and  afterwards  by  open  Force, 
againfl  their  promifcd  Fidelity,  gone  about  to  fubvert  the  Govern- 
ment received,  wherein,  as  they  were  proceeding,  it  pleafed  God 

K  k  Ic  k  1  to. 


3i6  The  Life  of  MARY,  Glucen  of  Scotland.  Vol.  HI. 

'^j;;fY68  to  difappoinr  their  Enterprize,  and  give  unto  the  King,  and  tliofe 
^^"V^  who  flood  for  his  Authority,  a  notable  Vidory  on  the  15th  oi May 
laft  ;  wherefore  their  Defire  was,  that  the  King  and  the  Regent 
might  peaceably  rule  and  govern  the  Subjeds,  according  to  the 
Authority  they  had  received  of  God,  and  that  the  fame  might  be 
confervcd  and  cftablifhed,  againlt  the  Fa(5tions  of  turbulent  Sub- 
jects. 

The  Comminloncrs  for  the  Queen  having  feen  and  perufed  this 
Declaration,  they  made  a  long  and  particular  Reply  to  all  the  Ar- 
ticles in  it ;  wherein,  after  their  adhering  to  their  former  Protcftati- 
on,  they  lay,  That  the  Pretence  of  taking  Armsagainft  the  Queen, 
hcOLuicBoihzvel  was  in  fuch  Favour  with  her,  could  not  warrant 
their  Rebellion,  fince  it  never  was  made  known  to  her  Majefly 
that  he  was  the  Murderer;  but  to  the  contrary,  Bothiuel  being  in- 
duffed,  and  fummoned  to  undergo  the  Trial  of  the  Law,  he  was 
by  the  Judcjmcnt  of  his  Peers  abiolved,  and  the  fame  Abfolution 
ratified  by  Authority  of  Parliament,  where  tlie  principal  Perfonsthat 
now  accufe  iiiin,  and  who  have  now  withdrawn  themiclves  from  the 
Queen's  Obedience,  were  prefent ;  and  not  only  confented  to  his 
rur'j,ation,  but  folicited  her  to  take  him  to  her  Husband,  as  the 
mofl  worthy  to  bear  Rule  of  any  Other  in  all  the  Realm;  giving 
their  Bonds  to  defend  him  a^ainft  all  that  fhould  purfue  him  for 
the  faid  Crime,  as  their  Subfcriptions  under  their  own  Hands  can 
tcflifie ;  And  fo  neither  before  the  Marriage  with  Bothwel,  nor 
after,  did  they  or  any  of  them  ('which  hud  been  the  Duty  of  true 
Subjects)  fo  much  as  in  Word  utter  their  Diflike  of  it,  or  adver- 
tife  her  Majcfly  of  the  Sufpicions  that  were  taken  of  him,  until 
they  had  drawn  the  Keeper  of  the  Caflle  of  Edinburgh^  and  the 
Provofl  of  that  City  to  their  Fadion :  Then  fecretly  putting  them- 
felves  in  Arms,  they  fuddenly,  under  Silence  of  Night,  enviro- 
ned the  CalUe  of  Borthwick,  where  her  Majefly  remained,  and  af- 
ter flie  had  efcaped  to  Dunbar,  levied  an  Army,  under  pretence 
to  defend  the  Queen,  wherewith  invading  her  Perfon  in  the  Way 
betwixt  Dunbar  and  Edinburgh,  they  did  take  her  Majefly  Captive. 
And  whereas  they  allcdge.  That  her  Majefly.  preferring  the  Impu- 
nity of  Bothwel  to  her  own  Honour,  made  him  to  be  convoyed 
fafely  away ;  the  fame  was  mofl  untrue  :  For  they  themfelves  fenc 
the  Laird  of  Grange  to  her  Majefly,  deflring  her  to  Caufe  Both- 
vjcl  to  pafs  out  of  the  Field,  as  fufpedled  of  the  Kind's  Murder, 
till  the  fame  might  be  trr'd,  and  that  fhe  would  go  with  them  and 
follow  the  Conducfl  of  the  Nobility ;  which  if  fhe  would  do,  they 
would  honour,  ferve  and  obey  her,  as  their  Princefs  and  Sove- 
reign ;  Whereunto  her  Majefly,  for  the  Love  /he  bore  unto  her 
Subje(5ls,  and  to  avoid  the  Effufion  of  Chriflian  Blood,  did  wil- 
lingly affcnt :  In  Verification  whereof,  the  faid  Laird  of  Grange 
took  the  Earl  of  Bothwel  at  the  fame  Time  by  the  Hand,  and 
willed  him  co  depart,  giving  his  Word,  That  no  Man  fhould  pur- 
fue 


:fiy  The  Life  of  MARY,  ^een  0/ Scotland.  Vol.  III. 

Tue  him  :     So  as  nothing  is  more  clear,    than  that  he  palFcd  away    'j^^f^^ 
by  their  own  Consents  j  for  if  they  iiad  been  inclined  againft  him    ^'N^s* 
only,  would  they   not  have  purfued  him  as  long  as  he  was  in  the 
Country ;  ^or   lie  remained    a  great    Space   after  that  in  his  own 
Houfcjand  might  more  eafily  be  taken  there  than  on  the  Scas,whcre 
tlicv  in  a  coloured  Manner  did  purfue  him  5  and  if  taken,  to  have 
kiU'd   him,    to   prevent  any  further    Inquiry  :     From  whence  all 
Men  of  found   Judgement  might  perceive,    that  they  valued  not 
what  became  of  him  •  A  (o  they  might  advance  their  own  ambitious 
Purpofes  and    Defigns.     As  to  the  Charge  againft   the  Queen,    of 
having  uled  them  with  Threats  and  Menaces.    It  was  anfwered,  Sup- 
pofing  it  true,    it  could  not   be  thought  ftrange,  confidering  their 
undutiful  Behaviour,  and  the  rude  and    vile  Ufage    that  her  Ma- 
jefty  fufiered  by  them ;  for  when  the  Earl  of  Morton^  at  her  High- 
nedes  firft  coming  to  them,  had  reverently,  as  it  became  him,  faid, 
Madam,  here  is  the  Place  where  your    Grace  fhould  be ;  and  we 
will    honour    and    fcrve  you,     as    truly  as  any  of  the  Nobility 
in    the    Realm,      did    any    oi    your    Progenitors     in      former 
Times ;  ratifying  thereby  the  Promifepiade  by  the  Laird  of  Grange 
in  their  Names  to  her  Majefty;  and  that  ihe,  trufting  their  Speeches, 
had  gone  with  them  to  Edinbur^.,  they  firft  lodged  her  in  a  Ci- 
tizen's Houle,  contrary  to    their  Tromifes,  did  moft  rudely  intreat 
her,  whereupon  fhe  fent  Lithington  her  Secretary,  and  made  Offer 
unto  them,  That  for  any  Thing  wherewith  they  or  any  of  the  Sub- 
je(5ts  were  otHended,  fhe  was  contented  that  the  fame  fhould  be  re- 
formed by  the  Nobility  and  Eftates  of  the  Realm,    her  Highnefs 
being  prefent  and  permitted  to  anfwer  for  herfclf;  yet  wOuld  they 
not  give  the  leaft  Ear  to  the  Motion  ;  but  in  the  Night,  fecretly, 
and  againft  her  will,  carried  her  to  Lochleven,  and  put  her  in  Prifon. 
As  to  that  Caufe,  of  her  Majefty 's  being  wearied  with  the  Toils 
of  Govemmenc,  and  that  fhe  thereupon  ^id  voluntarly  lefign  or 
abdicat  the  Kingdom,  in  Favours  of  the  Prince  her  Son,    and  ap- 
point the  Earl  of  Murray  Regent  during  his  Minority  i    it  was  re- 
plied. That  the  Falfhood  thereof  did  many  Ways  appear  j  for  firft, 
her  Majefty  is  neither  decayed  by  Age,    nor  weakned  by  Sicknefs, 
but  (praifed  be  God)  both  in  Mind  and  Body,  able   to   difchargc 
the  moft  weighty  Aflairs ;  and  alio  the  Truth  is,    that  the  Earl  of 
oAthoU,  the  Lairds  pf  Ttlltbardin  and  Ltthmgton,  who  were  of  their 
Council,  fent  Sir  Robert  Mehil  to  her  Majefty,  adviflng  her  to  fub- 
(cribe  the  Letter  of  Refignation,    and  what  elfe  ftiould  be  prefen- 
tcd  to  her,  to  fave  her  own  Life,  and  avoid  the  Death  which  was 
affuredly  prepared  for  her,  if  ftie  would  refufc  to  do  the  fame  :  And 
at  the  fame  Time,thc  fame  Gentleman  did  bring  a  Letter  to  her  Ma- 
jofty,  writ  by  Sir  Nicolas  T/?ro^worro»,Ambafrador  of  £;7^/d;7^,reque- 
ftmg  her  Highnefs,  for  the  Reafbns  forcfaid.to  fct  her  Hand  to  what- 
foevcr  they  ^ould  defireof  her:  To  whom  her  Majefty  anfwered,  That 
fhe  fhould  follow  his  Counfel ;  praying  hiin  co  declare  to  her  dcarcfl 

L  1  ll  Siftej 


2i6  The  Ltfe  of  MARY,  Glnetn  0/ Scotland  Vol.  Hf^ 

sUf)^,  Sifter  the  Q.uccn  of  England,  how  fhd  was  ufccJ  bv  her  Siibjedt";, 
^^^^^  and  that  the  Refignation  of  tlie  Crown,  made  by  Iier,  was  extor- 
ted by  Fear ;  which  her  Highnefs  doubted  not,  but  the  faid  Sir 
Nicolas  performed  :  Further,  it  is  notorioufly  known,  that  the 
Lord  Lindfay,  at  the  prelenting  of  the  Letters  of  Rcfignation  to 
her  Majcfty,  did  menace  to  punifh  her  in  a  clofer  Prilon,  if  /he 
refufed  to  put  her  Hand  to  tlic  fame  i  adding.  That  in  that  Cafe, 
worfe  fhould  fhortly  follow  ;  with  many  vile  and  opprobrious 
Words :  And  that  her  Highnefs  never  looked  what  was  in  tlic 
Writings  piefentcd,  but  flgned  the  fame  witii  many  Tears ;  pro- 
teftin<',  That  if  ever  fhe  Ihould  recover  her  Liberty,  fhe  woulcl 
difown  that  which  he  compelled  her  to  write  at  that  Time,  and  to 
teftify  that  the  find  Refignation  was  made  againft  her  Will,  the 
Laird  of  Lochlevin,  who  was  then  her  Keeper,  refufed  to  fubfcribc 
it  as  a  Witnefs,  and  did  obtain  a  Certificate  under  her  Majefly's 
own  Hand,  declaring,  that  he  refufed  to  be  prefent  at  the  faid 
Refi<;nation  :  Neither  can  that  Refignation  by  any  Perfbn  be 
thou<'ht  good,  confidcring  that  no  Portion  of  the  Revenue  was  re- 
feived  for  her  to  live  upon,  neither  was  her  Liberty  granted,  nor 
any  Security  of  her  Life  given  her ;  All  which  weighed  in  the 
Balance  of  Reafbn,  by  Men  of  indifferent  Judgement,  make 
nianifeO,  that  the  alledged  DemifTion,  fo  unlawfully  procured,  can 
never  prejudge  her  Majefty  in  her  Royal  Eftate;  efpecially  confi- 
dering  that  at  her  Efcape  out  of  the  Prifbn,  fhe  did  revoke  the 
fame,  and  in  Prefence  of  a  great  Part  of  the  Nobility  at  Hamil- 
toun,  by  folemn  Oath,  declared,  That  what  fhe  had  done  was  by 
Compuliion,  and  upon  juft  Fear  of  her  Life. 

Concerning  the  Coronation  of  the  young  Prince,  it  was  urged. 
That  the  fame  was  moft  unorderly  done  ;  becaufe  there  being  in 
the  Realm  above  an  hundred  Earls,  Bifhops  and  Lords,  having 
Votes  in  Parliament  (of  whom  the  greatefl  Part  at  leaft,  ought  to 
have  confented  thereto,  .  it  being  an  A(fl  of  fuch  Confequence) 
four  Earls,  and  fix  Lords,  tiie  fame  that  were  prefent  at  her  Ap- 
prehenfion,  with  one  Bifhop,  and  two  or  three  Abbots  and  Priors, 
and  fome  Lords  were  only  aflifting ;  and  of  the  fame  Number, 
fome  did  put  in  a  Proteftation,  that  nothing  then  done  fhould  pre- 
judge the  Queen,  or  her  SuccefFor,  by  Reafon  that  fhe  was  at  that 
Time  a  Captive:  Nor  can  any  Man  think,  that  if  the  DemifTion 
had  been  willingly  given  by  her  Highnefs,  fhe  would  ever  have 
nominated  the  Earl  of  Q^urray  Regent,  there  being  many  others 
more  Lawful,  and  have  the  better  Right  thereto  than  he,  of  whom, 
fome  have  been  Governours  of  the  Realm  in  former  Times,  and 
during  her  Majeflv's  Minority  had  worthily  exerced  that  Place. 

To  the  Ratification  in  Parliament,  it  was  replied,  That  the  prin- 
cipal Perfons  amongft  the  Nobility  difFentcd,  and  put  in  their  Pro- 
teftation, both  to  the  Lords  of  the  Articles,  and  in  the  open  Par- 
liament,   againft  their  Proceedings,  affirming,  That    they  would 

never 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  of  MARY,  ^een  of  Scotland-  7 in 

never  af;ice  to  any  Thing  that  might  hurt  the  Queen's  Majefty's  'x*'^/^ 
Perfon,  her  Crown,  and  Royal  Hftate,  further,  than  her  Hiahncfsw^V^ 
her  felf,  being  at  Liberty,  would  approve.  ° 

Laflly,  As  to  the  Pretence  of  being  univerfally    obeyed,  and  of 
all  Things  being  juftly  adminiftratcd  :  It  was  aniwcred,'  That  both 
thcfc  were  equaly  untrue  j    for  a  great  Part  of  the  Nobility  ncvct 
acknowlcged  another  Authority,  than  that  of  the  Queen's    keeping 
and  holding  their  Courts  in  the  Queen's   iSlame  5  and  for  the  Ad- 
miniftration   of  Affairs,  it  is  apparent,   that  Wickednefs  did  never 
Reign  more,    and  with  Icfs  Controlment  in    the  Realm;    Murder 
Blood-ihcd,  with  Theft,  and  Robbery  every  where  aboundincr,    Po* 
licy  deflroycd,   Churches  thrown  down,  honourable  Familic^  ruin- 
ed, and  true  Men  bereft  of  their  Goods,  by  fatisfying  the  Souldi- 
ers,  haired  up  by  them  to  maintun  the  Regent's  iifurped  Authori- 
ty ;   the  like  whereof  hath  not  been,  feen  or  heard  for  many  Ages 
before  5   in  Regard  whereof,  they  in  Behalf  of  the  Queen  of  Scot- 
land,  their  Miltris  did  earneftly  requeft  the  Support  and  Afliftance 
of  the  Queen  of  England,    her  Coufin  5   for   refforing   her  to  her 
Crown,  and  for  fuppreifing  the  Rebels  that  had  attempted  againfl 
her. 

To  thefe  Reafons,  the  Queen's  Commiffioners  thought  fit  to 
add  an  atteflcd  Copy  of  a  Proteftation,  made  by  the  Earls'"  of  Hunt- 
ly  and  oArgjle,  immediately  after  King  Henrys  Death,  the  Origi- 
nal being  then  lodged  in  Queen  Eltz^deth's  Hand,  and  which  is 
as  follows,  (ai). 

FOrafmiich   as  Murray  and  others,  to  cloak  their  Rehellion  aga'mfi 
the  Qjfeen,   whoje    ^Authority  they  arrogate  to  themfehes,    do 
openly  calumniate  her,  as  guilty  of  the  Murder  of  her  Husband :  We 
do  fublukly  protefi  and  zvitnefs  thefe  Things  following.  In  the  Month 
of  December  i  'j66  when  the  Gftteen  f}aid  at  Craigmiller,    Murray 
and  L\i\\'\n2S.on  acknowledged  bCfOre  us,  that  Morton,    Lindfay  and 
Ruthven  Jlew  David  Rizio,  to  no  other  intent,  than  to  fa've  Murray 
who  was  at  that  Time  to  be  proscribed ;  therefore,  that  they  mi^ht  not 
feem  unthankful,    they  much  defired,  that  Morton  and  the  reft,    who 
lived  in  Exile  for  the  Murder  of  David,  might  be  brought  home  again) 
hut  this  they  jaid  could  not  be  effetied,  unlejs  the  Queen  might  be  di^ 
iiorced  from  her  Husband,  which  they  promifed  tobring  to  pafs,  (0  as 
we  would  give  our  Ajjent :  Afterwards  Murray  promifed  to  me  Huntly, 
that  my  Inheritance   fhould  be  reflored  unto  me,  and  that  I  fhould  he 
in  eternal  Favour  with  the  Exiles,  tf  J  fhould  favour  the  Divorce  : 
Then  went  we   to  Bothwel  that  he  might  alfo  confent.    Lafily,   we 
came  unto  the  ^fueen ;  and  Lithington,  in  the  Name  of  us  all,  earnefi' 
ly  tntreated  her,  that   Morton,   Lindfay  and  Ruchven  mighf  have 
their  'Bani/hmcnt  remitted ;  the  Kings  Errors  and  Offences  againfi 
the  Glueen  and  Realm  he  aggravated  with  Juch  Sharpntft  of  Words, 

L  1  1  ]  I  and 


C<),  Cftwf.  Men.  P<K«  103, 


Au.  1)63. 


520  T^)e  Life  of  MAR  Y,  Qji(crj  of  5c,otlaf,ch Vol.  Ji(. 

an4  fkowcd,  that  it  wdinely  concerned  the  §lf<een  and  Stale,  that  there 
Ihonld  forthwith  be  a  Divorce,  forafwuch  as  Kin^  and  ^een  could 
mt  li'^(^  together  in  Scocknd  with  Security.     She  anfcuered,  Thct  jhe 
rather  would  xuithdraw  her   [elf  for  a  Time  into   [ranee,   until  her 
Jhtsbitnd  did  acknowledge  the  Errors  of  his  Touth ;  for  (he  would  not 
that  any  Thing  jhould  be  done  that  mi?ht  be  ffrejudtcial  to  her  Son,  or 
di /honourable  to  her  felf.     Hereto  Lithingtoi)  replied,  we  which   are 
of  your  Council  will  look  to  that;  but  J  command  you  (  [aid  /he )  that 
you  do  nothing  that  rf/ay  blemifh  my  Honour  or  burden  my  Conjcience  : 
Let  the  Alitter  remain  as  it  is,  ttU  God  remedy  it  from  above  5  that 
■which  you  think  will  be  for  my  Good,  may  perhaps  turn  to  my  Hurt. 
To  wfmn  Lithingcon  faid,    Leave  the  Alatter  to  us,    and  you  Jhall 
fee  nothing  Jhall  be  done  but  what  is  jufi,  and  approveable  by  Authori- 
ty of  Parliament :     Hereupon,     feeing    the  King  was  murdered  by 
zvicked  Hands,  and  within  few  Days  after,    we.,  out  of  the  inward 
Teflimony  of  our  Confciences  do  hold  it  moji  certain,  that  Murray  and 
Lithina,t'on  zvcrc  the  uiuthors,   Contrivers  and  Terfuaders  of  this 
Regicide,  whofoever  were  the  Mlors  of  the  [ame. 

This  long  and  jufl:  Reply  for  the  injured  Queen,  put  c^urray 
and  his  Aflbciates  to  their  lad  Shifts ;  and  the  Duke  of  Northjolk 
having  efpouled  her  Intereft,  loft  his  Head  in  the  Quarrel ;  but 
by  this  Time,  the  Queen  plainly  perceived,  that  it  had  been  good 
for  her,  that  fhe  had  not  diftruftcd  the  Strength  and  Power  of  her 
Friends  in  Scotland,  who  in  all  probability,  might  have  ruined 
Murray  and  his  Aflbciates  j  for  Mr.  Crawford,  in  his  CoUcdions 
An^Aceount  ^Ygni  the  Cotton  Library,  has  a  Bond  lubfcribed  by  9  Earls,  O 
si«n|ch  of  Bifhops,  18  Lords,  and  feveral  others  at  Hamilton,  upon  the  Sth 
in&«;«7  '  j)ay  of  Mry  1568,  wherein  they  oblige  and  bind  themfclves,  to 
ftand  by  one  another,  with  their  Lives  and  Fortunes,  in  Defence 
of  her  juft  Right  and  Title  :  And  it  is  a  Duty  owing  to  the  Me- 
mory of  thofe  worthy  Pcrfons  to  tranfinit  their  Names  to  Pofterity, 
and  they  are  as  follows :  Tl]e  Earls  o/Argyle,  Huntly,  Eglinron, 
Crawford,  Cadllis,  Rothes,  Montrofe,  Sutherland,  Errol,  John  5/- 
fhop  of  St.  Andrews,  John  Bijhop  of  Dunkel,  John  Bijhop  of  Rofs, 
Alexander  Bifiop  of  Galloway,  Alexander  Bijhop  of  Aberdeen,  Ro- 
bert 'Bipop  of  Brechen,  John  Bi^op  of  the  Ifles,  James  Bi/hop  of 
Axoy\c,  and  ]ohn  Bijhop  of  Mimny ;  Lords  Tkming,  Livin^ton, 
Seaton,  Boyd,  Somervile,  Herris,  Rofs,  Maxwel,  Ogilvie,  Oliphant, 
Borthwick,  Sanchar,  Hay  0/ Zeafter,  Drummond,  ElpWmdon,  Lord 
Cleuid  Hamilton,  Sinclair,  CarliHe;  oAbbots,  St  Colm's  Inch, 
Lmdoris,  Glenlufs,  Haly-rode-houfe,  New  Abby,  Dundranan,  Salfide, 
Crofe-regal,  Inch-jatfry,  Kelfo,  Pluscarty,  Kinlofs,  Priors,  Barons, 
the  Laird  of  Lochinvare,  Sherriffof  Tweddale,Bafs,  Weighton,  Ro- 
flin,  Corftorphin ;  Johnlton,  Weymefs,  Balivery,  Tqrry,  Dalhoiifle, 
Farniherft,  Lamington,  Calderwood,  Ciasburn,  Lanton,  Traquair 
Kirkaldy,  Clackmannan,  Sauchie,  TuUiallun,  Finlator,  Barnbiigal, 
Greenhead,  Bamf,  Haddo,  Rowallan,  Drumalier,  Coilsbuin,  Winte- 

foord 


}^ The  Life  of  MAKY,  ^een  of  Scotland.  .  Vol. 


ill. 


foord  of  that  Ilk  Robert  Boyd,  Bademus,  Jerifvt'ood,  James  John-  ;y^ 
Aori  o/*Torry,  Robert  Johnfton  o/'Lochmabcn,  John  Crighton   of^^K^ 
Uihil  Sherrifo/AiT,  J'/r  James  Hamilton  Knight,  Sherrif  If  ClydC-    ' 
dale,  Robert  Mafier  of  Semple,  Thomas  Mafier  of  Boyd  ;    the 
Lah-d  of  Bombie,  Stirling  Knight,  Boyn,  Bophall,  Incrweick,  Scen- 
houfe,  Dunwood,  Craigyhall,  Ainsburn,    Kilbirnv,  Cockpoo'l,-  Sir 
Neil  Montgomry,  Patrick  Congilton   of  that  Ilk,  Pollock,  Lady- 
land,   Smeton,  Prefton    Knight,  C^\dviG.\   Knight,  Mafer  of  Ken- 
land,  James  Stewart  of  Cardoual,  Gawfton,  Kenland,    Canibuske- 
neth,  Lachop,  Balkarn,    Romarne,    Cranfton   Knight,  Newton  of 
that  Ilk,  Badernoth,  Bdftames,  Whitefoord.  Sir  Andrew  Ker  Sher- 
r/^o/"  Linlithgow,  Gartlie,    Silverton  Knight,  Haning,  Rickarton, 
Ardkinlas,    Dalziel,  Slamanencc,  Lycprevjck,  Coie-houfe,   Robcrc 
Lawfon  of  Humby,  Erfilmont,  M'Intofh,  Gicht    Creechy    Knight 
Abergaldy  and  Whitlaw. 

The  Regent  found  himfelf  involved  in  a  Labyrinth  of  Difficul- 
ties ;  for  the  Duke  of  Northfolk  declared,  That  they  had  perufed 
the  Writings  of  both  Sides,  and  were  not  fatisfied  with  any  Thino- 
the  Regent  had  faid  in  his  own  Defence j  and  therefore  required 
him  to  produce  Tome  better  Reafons  and  Grounds  for  the  Severities 
they  had  ufed  againft  their  Sovereign,  otherwife  they  could  not 
think  but  that  fhe  had  bcerwoo  hardly  dealt  with;  and  they  would 
Report  the'  fame  to  their  Royal  Miftris. 

The  Regent,  upon  this,  craved  fii ft  to  be  rnformed  if  his  Grace 
and  thofe  in  Commiffion  with  him,  and  fent  down  to  hear  their 
Debates,  had  full  Power  in  the  Caufe  of  i\\^  Scots  Queen,  to  pro- 
nounce Guiltj  or  not  Guilty,  if  her  Crimes  fliould  be  made  appa-- 
rent  by  the  Papers  he  was  to  give  in,  whether  fhe  fhould  be  de- 
livered into'*  his  Hands,  or  detained  in  England,    and   if  Queen 
"Elizjuheth  would,  for   the   Future,  maintain  the;  Authority  of  the 
young  King  and  the  Regency,  at  prefent  eftabiifhed  in  his  own  Per- 
fon.     To  which  it  was  anfwcred  by  the  Duke,  That  their  Commit- 
fion  did  not  6xtend  fo   far   as  to  enable  them  to  difpofe  of   the 
Queen  of  Scots,  or  to  anfwer  every  Article  he  propofed  ;  but  that 
Queen  Eliz^abeth'sKoysii  Word  and  Promifc  were  lufficient  Securi- 
ties.    To  which  Murray  replied,  That  the    Affair  was  of  the  laft 
Confequence,    his  All  lay  at  Stake;   and  tho'  he  doubted  not  her 
Affcdlion  for  the  young  King,  and  her  good  Intentions  towards  him- 
felf as    an  honeft  Man,      that  had  ventured  his  Life  and  Eftata 
for  the  King's  Prefervation,  and  the  Safety  of  his  Country;  yet  he 
thought  it  abfolutely  N^ceflary  for   the  Security  of  both,  to  have 
thefe   Queftions  he  had  now  asked,  pofitively  and  fully  refolved, 
and  to  fee  her  own  Hand  and  Seal,  tor  the  Performance  of  what' 
he  rccjuired. 

Tins  procurred  a  Delay  on  both  Sides;  they  vecre  obliged  to 
wait  till  the  Poft  had  brought  them  an  Anfwer  fiom  Queen  Eli- 
K>abeth ;  to  whom  the  Bngttpi  Commiifioners  fent  up  an!  Account 
of  all  their  Proceedings.  Queen  Eliz^abeth  no  H^ays  fatisbed  with  Mur-* 

M  m  m  m  rays 


211  T/;<r  Life  o/"  MAR  y,  Qjictn  of  Scotland.  Vol.  Ijf. 

^^''^^^  rays  Conclu(5t^,  and  knowing  that  Things  nnight  be  better  done  to 
uVv(  h^  Mind  at  London,  than  at  fo  great  a  Diftancc,  takin;^  no  Notice 
r-.ffi'oU"":  of  what  Murra>)  had  urged,  fhc  recalled  her  Commifiioncrs  and 
Xr.'i^i"  required  luni  to  come,  or  fend  fuch  as  he  thought  fit  to  anfwcr 
Pror«d.ng.  ^^j^^^  |^^j  ^^^^  chatged  againll  him  at  tlie  Inftance  of  his  Qtiecn, 
and  to  "ivc  fufficient  Reaions  for  what  he  had  done;  fincc  what 
he  had  hitherto  given  in,  did  not  plainly  appear  to  be  Matter  of 

Fa(51:. 

Upon  this  Letter,  Murray  was  obliged  to  trudge  up  to  the  Eng- 
lifh  Court  where  both  Parties  being  met,  they  found  added  to  the 
Number  of  the  Engltjh  CommiHioners,  i5rtco»,  Keeper  of  the  Great 
Seal,  the  Earls  of  oArundel  and  LeUeJler,  Clinton  Lord  Admiral, 
and  Sir  Wiliiam  Cecil,  all  of  them  great  Enemies  to  Queen  Mary; 
and  they  earneflly  prefs'd  Murray  to  proceed  in  his  Accufation 
aeainft  the  Queen.  But  he  anfwered  as  he  had  done  at  Tork,  Tliac 
he  would  do  nothing,  unlefs  Q^cen  Eliz>aLeth  gave  him  het  Hand 
and  Seal  for  the  Perrormance  of  thole  Conditions  he  had  mentio- 
ned, if  he  proved  the  Scots  Queen  guilty.  This  occafioned  ano- 
ther Delay;  during  which  Time,  c^^array  went  iAto  the  Projedl  of 
the  Duke'of  Northfolk\  Mariage  with  Queen  Mary  :  And  having 
moft  treachcroufly  betrayed  liim,  he  brought  ("as  we  have  faid)  that 
unfortunate  Nobleman  to  the  ScafTold. 

Qiieen  Elizjaheth  having  fummoned  rne  CommifTioners  to  appear 
before  her  (a);  the  Queen's  CommifTioncrs  would  no  tenter 
into  any  Conference  with  the  Englifh  Comm.flloners,  until  they 
admitted  their  former  Proteftation  at  Tork  ;  and  granted  that  they 
came  there  as  AmbalTadorsofa  fovereign  Princefs  to  treat  with  them, 
and  not  to  debate  any  Caufe  in  Judgment,  or  to  approve  them 
Judges  i  and  that  nothing  fliould  be  done  in  that  Treaty,  but  by 
free^Confent ;  which  Proteftation  the  Englijh  Commiftioners  ful> 
fcribed :  And  in  doing  of  this,  the  Queens Commiftioners  a<5ted 
as  worthy  Patriots  of  their  Country,  and  faithful  Servants  to  their 
Royal  Miftris;  whereas  Mwrr^j,  to  his  eternal  Difgrace,  againft  all 
folemn  Oaths  and  Promifes  given  to  the  Duke  of  Northfolk,  in  a 
moft  fcandalous  and  villanous  Libel,  accufed  his  Queen  of  her  be- 
in^  privy  and  acceftbry  to  the  murdering  of  the  King  her  Husband, 
but  upon  fuch  evident  Falfhoods  and  Calumnies,  that  Camhden 
fays  (r).  None  of  the  Englijh  CommilTioners  gave  any  Credit  to 
them  :  Yet  Qiieen  EliZjabeth  urged,  that  the  Queen's  Commi/Iioners 
ftiould  give  in  an  Anfwer  to  them ;  upon  which  thcv  produced  a 
Letter  from  their  Queen,  difcharging  them,  unlefs  the  French  and 
Sfanijh  Ambalfadors  were  joined  with  them  in  Commiftion,  and 
fhe  permitted  to  juftifyherifelf  in  Perfon,  againft  her  Accufers;  who 

ly U'nkT'upl  were  themfelvcs  guilty  of  the  Crimes  that  were  laid  to  her  Charge: 

om;,?;fcr!  Both  which  being  denied,  the  Treaty  broke  up. 

thValgrn-      About  this  Time,  the  Duke  of  Chatelherault  arrived  from  France 

d*n*d"h,mand  claimed  the  Regency,  as  being  neareft  of  Blood  to  the  Crown; 

|y^j^'«"  but  the  Queen  of  England  told  him,  Tiiat  ftie  would  never  conde 


fcend 


t*)  Ufly  «  ^ii.  hilt  ot  Im  tinbifl/  lo  the  L«wy«H  Libury,    ^4)  Book  t,  P»g.  iij. 


Vol.  III.  Tlje  Life  of  MARY,  §lueen  o/^ Scotland  ^x^ 

———  "  ■  I  '  -^— ^— — 

fcend  to  that ;  and  that,  if  he  attempted  it,  Ihe  would  oppofe  him  S^;*^ 
with  Force  of  Arms ;  for  which  Murray  returned  her  his  moft  hearty  ^^'^v>^ 
Thanks  :  And  having  kifTed  her  Hands,  and  returned  to  Scotland, 
where,  ^by  his  Treachery  and  Cunning,  in  a  ftiort  Time  he  made 
himfelf  Mafter  of  the  whole  Kingdom.  In  the  mean  Tmic  Queen 
Blizjdeth  caufed  Queen  o^arj  to  be  removed  from  Bolton  to  Co-  Q?""  ^ 
'ventry,  where  ftie  was  committed  to  theCuflody  and  Caie  of  Ce-orf^  c'.^. 
%ill!0t  Earl  of  Shrewsberry,  and  Edward  Hafiings  Earl  of  Hunting- 
ton,  who  kept  her  in  a  cloifer  Confinement  than  ever  Ihe  had  been 
in  before  ;  and  notwithftanding  of  the  Solicitations  of  the  Spanijh 
and  French  Ambafladors,  and  the  many  lamentable  and  elegant 
Letters  wrote  by  her  felf  concerning  her  Condition,  yet  Queen  Eli- 
z^abeth  could  never  be  prevailed  upon  to  "ive  her  the  common 
Jufticc  of  a  Hearing  }  but  that  (he  might  amufe  the  World,  fhe  caufed 
Murray  to  call  a  Convention  of  the  Tliree  Eftates  of  Parliament, 
at  the  opening  of  which,  he  told  them,  that  he  had  called  them, 
to  lay  before  them  a  Propofition  that  had  been  made  to  him  by 
Queen  Eliz^abeth  in  Favours  of  Queen  (iMary,  which  was,  Tljat 
flje  (a)  Jhould  be  reftored  to  her  Crown  and  Dignity,  or  to  be  ajfociate 
in  the  Cover nment  with  her  Son,  and  the  Admtnijlration  of  oyijfairs 
fhould  continue  in  the  Regent's  Hands  till  the  King  was  feventeen 
Tears  of  Age  :  Or  if  none  of  thefe  could  be  granted,  that  fhe  might 
have  Liberty  to  live  privately  in  her  ozvn  Country,  upon  a  fufficient 
and  princely  oAUovjance.  But  the  Recent  knew  Queen  Eltz>abeth's 
Mind  too  well,  and  had  fecured  his  Party  in  this  Sham-Parliament 
better,  than  to  c;rant  any  of  thefe  Propontions,  fo  they  were  all  re- 
ie(5ted,    as  inconfiftent  with  the  King's  Honour,    and  Safety  of  his 

Perfon. 

Whilft  Affairs  were  in  this  Pofture,  the  afflided  Condition  of  the 
Qiieen  extorted  a  generous  Refentment  of  it,  even  in  the  Hearts  of 
thofe  who  were  none  of  her  Subjedts,    and  owed  their  Allegiance    ^^  ^^^^ 
to  the  Queen  who  perfecuted    tier  :    For   Thomas  Piercie  Earl  of  of  w.r<i«»- 
Northumberland,  and  Charles  Nevil  Earl  of  Wefimorland  raifed  a  yrjm^'^u 
confiderable  Body  ot  Forces  witli  a  Dcfign  to  fet  her  at  Liberty  ;  but  f.,St«i^ 
when  they  found  that  they  were  not  joined  by  her  Friends  in  Scot-  ***"'* 
land,  and  that  they' wanted  Money  to  fupport  them;  and  that  on 
the  other  Hand,  Qneen  Eliz^a bet h  was  raifing  a  great  Army  againft 
them,  they  were  obliged  to  disband  their  Forces,  and  Wefimorland 
fled  to  Flanders,  and  Northumberland  xo  Scotland,  where  the  Regent, 
inftead  of  t^iving  him  Protcdion,  took  him  Prifoncr,  and  fent  him 
to  LocUevm,  and  chorion  his  SuccefTor  in  the  Regency  fold  him 
to  Queen  Eliz^abeth,  wlio  cut?  off  his  Head. 

Not  long  after  this,  the  Regent  was  killed  at  Linlithgowhy  Ha-  ThtKt^m 
milton  of  'BothwtUhaugh  ;  this  Gentleman  (b),    with  fix  others  that  "Jti^tm^ 
were  taken  at  the  Battle  of  Lanzfide  fighting  for  the  Quean,  were 
imprifoned  in  the  Caftlc  of  BUcknefs,  and  forfeited  in  their  Eftates: 
Tlief^  Gentlemen,    in  order  to  pi'ocure  their  Liberation,    agreed 

M  m  m  m  1  amongft 


■^71  The  Life  of  MARY,  £^cf»  of  Scodan J. Vol.  111. 

'■^''^'^    thcm(clvcs  to  make  an  Offer  of  the  Eftatc  of  Woodhoiiflie  to  Sir  Lewis 
•V^    fj^tilLvidcn  Jufticc-Clerk,  a  great  Favourite  of  the  Kcgciu's ;  and  who 
for  a  loni^  Tunc  liad  his  Eye  upon  it.     This  Eftiuc  of  Woodhouflie 
bcloDUbd^ro  Bothwelhaugh,  by  his  Lady  aAli fun  Sinclair,  Daughter 
to  Sn  Oliver  Sinclair,  King  ^^wa  V's  great  Favourite.     This  Offer 
was  accepted  of  by  the  Juftice-Clerk,    who   promifed  to  procure 
their  Liberty  and  ElLites  to  them  j    but  it  was  only  a  Promife,  for 
all  that  he  did  in  it  was,  That  he  took  PoffellKMi  of  the  Effate  of 
'Bothioclhaugh,  and  turned  out  Bothiuelhauglh  Lady  in  her  Shift  in 
a  very  cold  Night ;    which   Indignity  the  poor  Lady  took  fo  hai- 
iioullv   ill,    that  before  Morning  fhe   became  furioully  mad.     The 
Year  after,    the  Duke  of  Chattlcherault  in  his  Return  from  France^ 
procured  a  Letter  from  Queen  EltZjabcth,    to  the  Regent,    for  fet- 
tin"  thele  Men  at  Liberty  ;  which  being  accordingly  done,  Both- 
li-elhatigh  petition'd  the  Regent  to  be  reftored  to  his  Lftate  o(  Wood- 
houflie, which  the  Juftice-Clerk  moft  unjuflly  poffeffed  :     But  all 
the  Anfwer  he  got  was,  That  he  was  an  honefler  Man  who  had  it., 
than  he  ivho  was,  jeeking  it. 

Upon  which  Bothwelhaugh  fwore  to  be  reveng'd  upon  him;    yet 
before  he  would  go  to  the  utmofl:,    he  lelolved  to  try  what  a  dif^ 
ftrels'd  Lady's  Tears  and  Literceflion  would  do.     So  he  fenj  his  La- 
dy to  him  (for  bv  this  r.me  fhe  had  recovered  her  Rcafon  and  Sen- 
fcs)  with  a  Petition ;  fhe  taking  alongfl  with  her  Mrs.  Margaret  Muir- 
head,  a  Daughter  of  the  Laud  ot  Latichop  :  They  found  him  fitting 
in  Council  in  St.  C/7a's  Church,  and  tailing  down  upon  her  Knees, 
fhe  piefented  him  with  the  Petition;  bur  he  no  fooner  faw  what  the 
Nature  of  it  was,  but  he  rofe  up  and  went  out  of  the  Council :  But 
fhe,  following  him,  catch'd  hold  of  him  by  the  Sleeve,  and  told  him, 
that  fhe  wis  ordered  by  her  Husband  to  tell  him.  That  the  firfl  Time 
that  ever  he  fliould  chance  to   fee  him,    if  he  did  not  do  him  ]u- 
flice,  he  fhould  either  be  his  Death,  or  he,  his.     To  which  the  Re- 
gent anfwered,  Let  it  fall  upon  the  Firfl ,  intimating  thereby,  that 
he  would  take  his  Hazard  ot  that.     And  Bothwelhaugh  was  as  good 
as  his  Word;    for  as  the  Regent  was  returning  from  Stirling,  thro' 
the  Town  of  Linlithgow^  he  fhothima  little  below  the  Navel,'  and 
the  Bullet  pafTlng  thro'  his  Body,  killed  Sir  Ctorge  Douglass  Horfe, 
who  was  riding  next  to  him.     This  was  upon  the  l  jd  Day  of  Ja- 
nuary, i')6(). 

Bothivelhattgh  made  his  Efcape  and  went  oVer  to  France;  where, 
Tlman  lays,  he  was  offer'd  a  confiderable  Reward  to  difpatch  Ad- 
miral Coligny,  as  he  had  done  the  Regent :  But  his  Anfwer  was, 
Not,  till  Coligny  had  as  much  injured  his  Sovereign  and  him  as  the 
Regent  had  done.  From  France,  Bothwelhaugh  went  to  Spain,  where 
he  was  made  a  Colonel  of  a  Regiment  of  Foot  j  and  died  in  that 
Station  in  the  King  of  Spain  s  Service. 

As  for  the  Regent,  his  Death  was  varioufly  taken,  as  People  were 
affe(5lcd  to  him:  And  all  our  Presbyterian  Hiflorians  highly  extol 
him,  calling  him  always  the  good  Regent^    becaufc  he  was  fo  inflru- 

mental 


Vol.  Ill  The  Life  of  MAKY,  h^ueen  of  Scodand  "7^ 

mental  in  advailcing  the  Work  of  the  Reformation }  butbywiiat  Wc'^*^'^-^- 
faid  of  him,  from  uncontroverted  Documents,  it  appears,  tliat  he  -'*V^ 
was  a  Man  of  an  unbounded  Ambition,  and  of  an  unfatiable  Ava- 
rice ;  by  tlie  firft  he  was  prortnpt  lO  afpire  to  the  Crown,  which  en- 
gaged him  in  a  long  Scries  of   treafbnabic  and  vilainous  AdVs  a- 
gainft  his  Sovereign;  and  by  the  other  he  only  made  Vie  of  Reli- 
gion, under  a  Pretence  of  Zeal  for  the  Reformation,  to  enrich  him- 
fclf  upon  the  Spoils  of  the    Church  ;    he  was  naturally  unconftanc 
and   falfc,    having    no    Regard  to  his  mod:  folemn  Promifcs  and 
Odths,  if  they  but  in  the  lead    obftfu(5led  his   Dcfigns ;   he  eafily 
forgot  the  good  Offices  of  his  Friends,  but  never  pardoned  die  ill 
Ones  of  Iiis  Enemies;  lie  was  a  deep  Didembler,  rarely  appearing 
to  be  fullcn  or  out  of  Humour;  his   liberal  Educadon  made  him 
a  great  Favourer  of  Letters  and  learned  Men,  to  whom  he  never 
almoft  denied  any  Thing  they  asked  of  iiim,  for  which  he  can  ne- 
ver be  too  much  commended  5    he  was  very  adlive  and  indefa- 
tigable in  Bufinefs,    but  was  of  no  deep  Reach   in  Contrivances, 
which  were  are  all  owing  to  a^orton;  fo  that  it  was  a  common 
Saying  among  the  Vulgar,that  c^i4rray  had  the  Hands,  but  Mor- 
ton the  Head.  His  Body  was  tranfported  from  Linlithgovj  to  Edtn- 
hur^h,  where  lie  was  interr'd  in  St.  Giles's  Church,  where,  below  his 
Coat  of  Amies,  on  the   left  HsLnd  is  VJnttct),  Tietas  fne  vindice 
luget,  Godlinefs  mourns  without  a  Defender.     And  on  the  North, 
towards  the  right  Hand  is  Written,  Jus  exarmatum  efi,   Law  is  dif^ 
armed ;  then  below  on  a  Copper  Plate  fs  this  Infcription, 

Jacoho  Stuartd  (i^Moraijite  Co)niti^  ScottA  Proregi,  viro  atatis  fud 
longe  Optimo,  ab  inimicis  omnis  Memort&  deterrimis  eo  infidiis 
extinBo,  feti  Patri  Communis  patria  mar  ens  pofuit,  23    fanuarii 

When,  the  Newiofhis  Death  was  brought  to  die  Queen,  fhc 
was  fo  far  from' fh'owing  the  leaft  Sign  of  Refcntment  againfl  him, 
that  fhc  faid.  Hie  was  heartily  forry  for  him,  arid  efpecially,  that 
he  was  fo  fuddenly  taken  away,  before  God  had  given  hirti  a  View 
of  his'Sihs,  and  Tiine  to  repent  j  and  indeed  flfe  found  no  Relief 
by  his  pcath,  f6r.  Lenox  and  Morton,  who  fucceeded  him  in  the 
Regency,  proved  is  great  Enemies  to  her  as  ever  he  was. 

Atter  the  Death  of  iyHurray,  feveral  Attempts  were  made  in 
Scotland  foT  reftoring  the  Queen,  upon  which  a  War  broke  out  be- 
twixt the  Queen  s  Party  and  the  King's,  as  the  Rebels  called  them- 
felves,  but  the  King's  Party  being  aHlfted  by  Queen  Elizjabethy 
The  Lovahfts  were  obliged  to  fubmit ;  but  Queen  Eliz,abetb  having 
rcceivcci  many  Letters  from  foreign  Princes,  blaming  lief  for  hei 
liarfh '  Treatment  of  Queen  Mary, '  fince  her  rebellious  Subjecfts 
make'nodiing  our  againfl  her,  that  dcferved  fuch  a  Trearriient,  ro  a- 
mufe  tht  World  ortcc  more,  fhe  would  needs  have  a  Trial  of  Queen 

N  n  n  n  ^Marj^ 


^  The  Life  0/  MARY,  £^««  0/ Scotland  Vol.  III. 

j^^''^^  Marys  Cafe,  and  accordingly  Commi(Tioncrs  were  appointed  by 
^'V*^    both  the  Parties,   and  they  met  at  London  in  the  Beginning  ot  the 

Year  1571- 

The  ComrnifTioners  for  the  Queen,  (a)  were  the  Bifhop  of  Rofs 
fubm..."''"  Q/ilexiwder  Gordon  Bilhop  ot  Galloway,  Uncle  to  the  liar]  o(  Hunt- 
""h^ch 'T.kV /y,  tile  Lord  Bo^d  and  the  Lord  Lwing(lon;  thofe  for  the  King, 
rr,'eacQ''u.°r' were  the  Earl  of  Morton,  Pttcairn  Abbot  of  Dumferniling,  and  iV.r.' 
James  c^'Gili.  Tliefe  Commidioncrs  were  no  fooner  n)Ct  ac 
London,  but  the  Earl  of  Lcicefler  and  St*ffex,  the  Lord  Keeper, 
the  Lord  Chamberlain,  Sir  WilUam  Cecil  Secretary,  Sir  Walter 
Mildmay  and  Sir  Francis  Knolls,  were  appointed  to  confer  witli 
diem,  and  after  feveral  Meetings  and  Conferences,  Propofals  were 
made  to  them  by  the  Englijh  Comminloners,  which  were  fo  di(- 
honourable  to  the  Nation,  and  to  the  refped^ive  Sovereigns  of 
both  Parties,  that  both  of  them  rejected  them.  But  the  Commif- 
fioners  fdr  the  King  upon  the  laf\  Day  of  Febrnary,  gave  in  a  Vin- 
dication of  their  Proceedings  againfl  the  Queen,  wherein  they  en- 
deavoured to  prove  {b)  the  Lawfulnefs  of  Subjc<5ls  refifting  of 
Kings,  from  the  Civil  and  Canon  Law,  from  the  Laws  of  their 
Country,  and  the  Examples  of  their  PredeccfTors;  to  all  which  they 
added  the  Authority  of  Calvin,  and.  fome  other  Divines  of  the 
Reformed  Religion ;  then  they  higiily  extolled  their  own  Lenity  and 
Clemency,  who  fuffercd  the  Queen  to  appoint  the  King  i;o  reign 
in  her  Place,  and  did  not  take  away  her  Life,  which  was  entirely 
owing  to  the  Mercy  of  the  People,,  and  not  to  any  Merit  or  Defer- 
ving  in  lier:  But  this  Vindication  of  theirs  being  againfl:  all  Sove- 
reign Princes,  as  well  as  againfl  their,  own,  Queen  ElizMbeth  re- 
proved them  fharply  for  it ;  but  not  long  after,  fhe  gave  them  a  noble 
Entertainment  at  Greenwich,  and  renewed  her  Affurances  to  them 
of  her  Friendfhip.  The  Queen's  CommifTioners  finding  this,  and  tl)at 
fhe  was  only  trifling  with  them,  acquainted  their  Miftris  of  it, 
whoordered  them  to  return  to  their  own  Country;  wiiich.tliey  ac- 
cordingly did,  and  the  Civil  War  was  renewed  in  Scotland,  and 
many  not  Skirmifhes  were  betwixt  the  Loyalifls  and  the  Rebels, 
and  for  a  long  Time,  the  Country  was  nothing  but  a  Field  of  Blood, 
iometimes^  the  one  Pary  prevailing,  and  fometimes  the  other, 

Wliilft  tliefe  bloody  Wars  were  in  Scotland,    Queen  EHz^abeth 

ifl^f^D^'il  was  not  wanting  to  creat  fuither  Trouble  to  the  Queen  of  Scotland, 

foned  Tor"'  fot  fliB  caufed  imprif on  Lady    Margaret  Douglajs  Countefs  of  Le- 

coaefoV-    "''•*^'  for  keeping  Correfpondence  with  her  in  the  Year  1574,  which 

the  Qo«'il!  ^°  impaired  her  Health,  that  it  was  thought  to  have  been  the  Oc- 

cafion  of  her  Death,  which  happened  about  4  Years  after.  This  Lady 

H«De.ih\vas  fole  Heir  to  oArchbald  Douglajs  Earl  of  oAngus,  by  Margaret 

t«.  Queen  of  Scotland  ;   ihe  married  the  Earl  of  Lenox,  by   whom  fhe 

had  the  Lord  Darnly,    who  married    Queen  Mary,  flie   oudived 

eight  of  her  own  Children,  and  was  three  Times  imprifoned  ;  the 

firft,  becaufe   Thomas  Fioward  Son  to  Thomas  FFoward   Duke   of 

North- 

(<•},  Cnwf.  Mem.  (i}>  Vid.  Udtb  Life  of  Queen  Mar^. 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  of  M  A R  Y,  Glueen  of  Scotland.  "^ 

NorthjOlk,  and  Ihe  defigned  to  marry,  for  which    they  were  both "^J^;;^ 
impriloned  by  King //(Twry  VIII.  And  this  young  Nobleman  was*^^ 
fo  troubled  at  the  harlh  Treatment  that  fhe  met  with  upon  liis  Ac- 
count, that  he  died  of  Grief  in  the  Tower;  the  fecond  was  for  her 
Son  the  Lord  Ddrnly\,  marrying  Queen    salary  by  Queen  £//- 
Z,abeth\  Order;  and  the  third,  as  we  have  faid,  was  for  keeping  a 
Corrcfpondcnce  with  Queen   Mnry^    and  for  marrying    her  Son 
CW/f/ with  Lady  Eliz^akth  Candijh,  which  Ihe  alledged  was  done 
at  the  Dcfne  of  Queen  Mary.  She  was  a  Lady  of  ftiitft  Vertue  and 
admirable  Beauty,  which  was  accompanied  with  an  Air  of  Majefty 
and  Greatnefs,  that  was  fuitablc  to    her  Birth  and  Quality,  which 
was  certainly  the  greateft  that  any  Subjedt  ever  had;  fhe  died  in 
the  Year  1 578,  in  the  63  Year   of  her  Age,  and  was  buried   with 
great  Pomp  and  Magnificence  in  Henry  the  Vll's  Chappel  in  Weji- 
minfler  Abbey,  where  at  the  lower  End  of  the  South  Side  of  the 
Chappel,  her  Tomb  is  to  be  feen  of  black  Alabaftcr,  and  diverfe 
coloured  Marble ;    on  the  Pedeftal  whereof  there  are  eight  Chil- 
dren in  a  kneeling  Pofture,  four  Boys  and  as  many  Girls,  four  on 
the  North,  and  as  many  on  the  South  Side,  of  the  fineft  Alabafti 
er,  fet  about  with  armorial  Enfigns,  and  gilt  with  Gold,    fhe  her- 
felf  lying  at  full  Proportion  on  the  Tomb,  of  the  fame  Alabafler, 
with  this  Lctin  and  EngUJh  Infcription. 

^IdargaretA  T>ougli/i&,  c^atth&i  Stuarti  LenoxU  Comitif,  Vx- 
ori,  Henrici  VlL  AngiiA  Regis,  ex  FiUa  Neptt,  pot  em  if s  :  Re- 
gibm  cognatione  conjun^ifprna,  Jacobi  VL  Scotorum  Regis  jivi^^ 
Matrom  ja^Hijjtmts  moribtis,  Cf  invida  animi  patientta  incdmpa- 
^abiluP. 

Margaret  a  potens  njirtute,  potentior  ortu, 

Regibus  ac  proanjis  iSlobUitate  cluis 
Jnde  Caledoniis,  aujlrabilus  inde  Britamis 

Edita  Trincipibus,  principtbufq;  parens. 
Glu,&  mortis' fuerant,  jolvit  Utijima  morti ; 
Qydfq,  Detim  petiit,  namjuit  ante  Dei. 

Henry,  fecond  Son  to  this  Lady,  was  King  of  Scots.,  and  Father 
to  fames  the  VI.  King  otScots;t\\\s  Henry  was  murdered  at  the  Age 
of  II  Years,  and  fhe  is  here  entombed. 

Ahfolutum  cur  A  Thorns,  fotiUr^  hujus  Domini  Execuforis,  O^ob- 

14  1578. 

Here  lieth  the  noble  L^dy  .Margaret  Countefs  c£  LtnoXy 
Daughter  and  fole  Heir,  of  uirchibaldE&d  of  ^ngus  by  Marga- 
ret Queen  of  Scots,  his  Wife  was  eldeft  Daughter  to  King  Hen- 
ry VII.  Who  bore  unto  her  Husbaiid  four  Sons  and  four  Daugh- 
ters. 

This  Lady  lud  to  hex  great  Grand-father,  King  Edward  the 
IV.-  To  her  Grand-father  King  Henry  tlie,  VII.  To.  her  Uncle 
Kin^^  Henry  the  VilL   To  her  Coufin  German  King  E2ward  the 

N  n  n  n  2  VL 


^I^  The  Life  of  MARY,  ^een  of  Scotland.  Vol.  m. 

V.  To  her  Brother  King  James  the  V.  of  Scotland,  to  her  Son 
Kinc  Henry  I.  And  to  her  Grand-Child  King  James  the  VI.  Slaving 
to  her  great  Grand-Mother  and  Grand-Motlier,  two  Q^uccns  both 
named  Eliz^abeth,  to  her  Mother  c^argaret  Qiieen  oi  Scots,  to 
her  Aunt  Mary  the  French  Queen,  to  licr  Coufin  Germans,  Mary 
and  Elix^abeth  Queens  of  England,  to  her  Niece  and  Daughter  in 
Law  Q^ary  Queen  of  Scots. 

In  the  Year  1579^  Q.ucen  Mary  had  a  notable  Piece  of  Injuftice 
Qu«"«  done  unto  her  by  Secretary  Waljingham,  he  had  given  a  Pafport  to 
Jobblr'by  Monfieur  de  /.wTreafurcr  to  Queen  Mary,  who  had  brought  to 
s^.ctfr"/.''^  her  from  her  Dowary  in  France  fome  Gold  and  Money,  fome 
Rings  and  Jewels,  a  Chain  of  Gold  valued  at  500  Crowns,  and  a 
Mirrour  of  the  fame  Value ;  but  being  informed,  that  he  had  fome 
Letters  of  fecret  Intelligence,  with  a  Sum  of  60000  Crowns,hc  cau- 
fed  way-lay  him,  and  robbed  him  of  all  that  he  had  ;  and  altho' 
the  Jufticc  of  the  Place  caufcd  two  of  the  Robbers  to  be  appre- 
hended, and  fent  them  Prifoners  to  London,  yet  they  were  fhort- 
ly  after  fet  at  Liberty,  and  a  Penfion  fettled  upon  them,  inftead 
of  being  punifhcd  :  But  our  Queen  having  got  fome  of  her  Jewels 
reftorecT  to  her,  fhe  fent  her  Secretary  Monfieur  Noe  with  a  Letter 
to  her  Son,  fome  Jewels  of  Value,  a  Veft,  and  a  Bed  of  State,  all 
richly  embroidered  with  Gold  and  Sjlk,  with  her  own  Hand  ;  but 
the  Letter  being  direifted.  To  our  loving  Son  James  Prince  of  Scot- 
land, he  was  fent  back  without  being  allowed  to  fee  the  Princes 
Face. 

The  Bed  of  State  being  one  of  the  moft  curious  Pieces  of  Work- 
manfhip,  tliat  either  that,  or  any  Age  fince  her  Time  has  produ- 
ced, and  that  it  gives  us  a  noble  Idea  of  the  Sublimenefs  of  her 
Soul,  and  the  Delicacy  of  her  Wit  and  Invention,  in  the  fcveral  em- 
blematical Reprefentations  that  are  upon  it,  I  fhall  here  gratifle 
the  Readers  Curiofity  with  an  Account  of  it,  (a). 

The  Firft  is  the  Loadfton  turning  towards  the  Pole,  and  the  Word 
her  Majefty's   Name,  Maria  Stuart  a  turned  into  an  Anagram  in 
French,  Ja  'vertu  rri  attire,  its  Vertue  draws  me  to  it  ;  this  has  Re- 
ference to  a  Crucifix,  before  which,  with  all  her  Royal  Ornaments, 
fhe  is  humbled  on  her  Knees  moft    lively,  with  the  Latin  Word 
undique ;  from  every  Part  intimating,  that  in  all  the  Parts  of  her 
Life,  fhe  had  a  View  to  Chrift  and  his  Sufferings,  as  the  only  Di- 
redlion  of  her  Life,  as  the  Mariner's  Needle,  touched  by  the  Load- 
fton, is  the  Direction  to  Seamen  in  their  difficulteft  Voyages.    The 
Second  is  a  Phenix  in  Flames,  with  thefc  Words  in  French,  en   ma 
fn  git  mon  commencement,  my  Death  is  the  Beginning  of  my  Life; 
alluding  to  her  Sufferings,   who  all   her  Life  was  involved  in  the 
Flames  of  a  Civil  War,  and    never  expeded  to  live  in  Peace  till 
Death    fhould  tranflatc    her  to  an  immortal  Glory.     The  Tliird  is 
an  Apple  Tree  growing  in  a  Thorn,   with   this  Lattn  Infcription, 
■per  njincuU  crefctty  it  grows  and  flourifhs  amidft  its  Fetters ;  alluding 

to 

(,«>,  Hithorodeo'i  ttmil.  £piA.  ]. 


Vol.  III.  rije  Ltfe  of  MAKY,  Glueen  of  Scotland.  ~         ^ 

that  SuTDlimenels  and  Serenity  of  Mind  which  fhe  enjoyed  m  iier  Con-  r^^>^ 
fincmcnt.  The  Fourth  is  a  Crefcent  or  Half"  Moon,  with  this  La-^^'X' 
tin  Sentence  donee  totum  impltAt  orhem ;  till  he  appears  in  his  full 
Orb,  alluding  to  her  prefent  Condition,  whrch  tho'  it  was  eclipfcd 
for  a  little,  )&t  at  the  finifhing  of  the  Courfc  of  her  frail  Life,  her 
Innoceiicy  would  appear  in  its  full  Splendor  and  Glory,  as  that  of 
the  Moons  after  the  periodical  Revolution.  The  Fitth,  is  a  Sala- 
mander crowned  in  the  midfl:  of  Flames,  with  this  Latin  Infcripti^ 
on,  nutrifco  ^  extinguo,  I  nouridi  and  extinguifh  j  alludine  to 
her  Imprifonnients,  being  the  Caufe  of  a  Civil  War,  which  fKc 
endeavoured  to  extinguifh  as  the  Salamander,  when  thrown  in  the 
Fire  extinguifhes  aU  the  live  Coals  about  her,  yet  being  there  flill 
nouriflied,  and  augmented  the  Flames.  The  VI.  Is  an  Arrow  paf- 
fing  thro'  three  Birds  with  this  Latin  Verfe,  dcderttne  mam 
cajupue  T>euJ've,  whether  was  this  cafually  done,  or  by  the  Di- 
redion  of  God,  alluding  to  the  malicious  Afpcrfions  of  her  Ene- 
mies, which  like  fo  many  poifoned  Arrows  were  aimed  at  her 
thro'  her  Husband  and  Son.  The  Seventh  is,  Mercury  charming 
^rgus  with  his  hundred  Eyes,  exprelTed  by  his  Cadhceus,  two 
Flutes  and  a  Peacock  with  this  Latin  Sentence,  Eloquium  lot  lami- 
na claii/it,  Eloquence  has  blinded  all  tliefe,  alluding  to  Queen 
£ltz.abeth  blinding  all  the  Eyes  of  Europe  with  her  feemincr  Pre- 
tences of  Juftice  in  detaining  her  Prifoncr.  The  Eight  is,  two  Wo- 
men upon  the  Wheel  of  Fortune,  the  one  holding  a  Launce,  and 
the  other  a  Cornucopia  with  thefe  Words  in  Latin,  Fortune  coxites, 
the  Comitants  of  Fortune,  alluding  to  Queen  Eliz,al;eth  and  her 
felf,  and  their  two  different  Fortunes,  the  one  being  involved  in 
War,  and  the  other  in  Plenty  and  Peace.  The  Ninth  is,  a  Pyra- 
mid overgrown  with  Ivy  with  thefe  Latin  Words,  te  fiante  'utrebo^ 
I  fhall  fk)urifh  as  long  as  thou  flands,  alluding  to  her  Stedfaflnefs 
and  Innocency,  which  like  the  Ivy  upon  the  Rock  fhould  remain 
in  its  Verdure  and  Beauty  as  long  as  fhe  lived.  The  Tenth  is,  a 
Ship  with  her  Mafl  broken  and  fallen  in  the  Sea,  with  thefe  La- 
tin Words,  nunquam  nifi  reilam,  never  but  when  Straight,  allu- 
ding to  her  ftraight  and  upright  dealings,  in  the  tempefluous 
Courfe  of  her  Li^,  which  had  fupported  her  as  a  flraight  and  un- 
broken Mafl  does  a  Ship  in  a  Tempell  at  Sea.  The  Eleventh  is 
a  big  Lion  and  a  youno;  Whelp  befide  her,  with  thefe  Latin 
Words,  unum  quidem  Jed  leonem,  one  indeed^  but  it  is  a  Lion,  al- 
luding to  the  Cafe  of  her  and  her  Son,  whofe  Power  and  Strength, 
if  joined  in  one,  would  be  like  that  of  a  Lion's  againfl  their  Ene- 
mies. The  Twelfth  is  a  Lion  taken  in  a  Net,  and  Hares  wantonly 
pafTing  over  him,  with  thefe  Latin  Words,  et  lepares  deviniio  inJuL 
tant  leoni,  Hares  infult  over  a  fettered  Lion,  alluding  to  the  bafe 
and  infulting  Behaviour  of  her  Subjedts,  over  her,  when  they  knew 
that  her  Imprifonment  fecured  them  from  that  juft  Punifhmenc 
tliey  defcrved ;  and  which,  they  no  more  durft  do,  if  fhe  were  at 
Libert/,  tiian  a  Hare  durfl  inftiUover  a  Lion.  The  Thirteenth  is,  a  Bed 

O  o  o  o  of 


230  The  Life  o/  MARY,  Glueen  of  Scotland.  Vol.  Uj 

2^)*^    of  Cammomel  Flowers  in  a  Garden  with  thefc  Latin  V/ or (\%f rutins 
*^'^^    calcata  dat  ctmflos,  the  more  its  trode  upon,  the  more  it  grows,  al- 
ludin''  to  the  daily  Convi(ftion  that  the  World  received  of  her  In- 
nocence from  the  A{pcrfions  oi  her  Enemies.  The  Fourteenth  is,  a 
Palm  Tree,  with  thcfe  Latin  Words,  fondenhus  virtus  wnata  re- 
fiftit,    by    its   innate  Virtue   it  refills   its  Burden,  alluding  to  her 
Chriftian  Fortitude  in  fupporting  the  heavy  Burden  of  her  Impifon- 
ment,   as  the  Palm  Tree  is  faid  to  rife,  the  njore  it  is  dcprels'cf.  The 
Fifteenth  is,  a  Bird  in  a  Cage,  and  a  Hawk  Hying  above,  with  thefe 
Italian  Words,    il  rnal  me  preme  et  me  jpa'venta  de^io,    a  prefent 
Evil  opprcfles  me;   but  it  trees  me  from  a  wotfb,  alluding  to  her 
Imprifonment,  and  the  Defions  oi  her  Enemies  upon  her  Life.  The 
Sixteenth  is,  a  Triangle  with  a  Sun  in  the  middle  of  a  Circle,  with 
thefe  Latin  Words,  trino  non  convenit  orbis^    a   Glob   agrees  not 
with  a  Triangle,  alluding    to  the  Glob  of  the  Earth,  rcpre(cntcd 
by  the  Circle  and  the  Sun,  and  the  three  different  Pretcndons,  that 
fhe,  Queen  EltZjaheth.,  and  her  Son  had  for  the  Government  of  the 
3  Kingdoms  of  Eng^land,  Scotland  a.r\d  Ireland  reipieCcmcd  by  the  Tri- 
angle. The  Seventeenth  is,  a  Porcupine  amongfl:  SeaRoclcs,with  thefe 
Latin  Words,  ne  njohtetur,  leafl;  fhe  Ihould  be  tofTed  about,  alluding 
to  her  clofe  Imprifonment.  The  Eighteenth,  a  Portcullis,  with  the 
Lattn  Words,  altera  fecuritas,   a  double  Security,  alluding  to  her 
Enemies  having  both  her  and  her  Son  in  their  Power.     The  Nin- 
teenth  is,  the  Annunciation  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  with  thefe    Latin 
Words,  fortitudo  ejus  Rhodum  tenuh,  by  her  Power  he  kept  Rhodes^ 
alluding  to  the  Duke  of  Sanjofs  ImprefTa,  who  attributed  his  keep- 
ing of  the  Ifland  o( Rhodes  to  the  Afliftance  of  the  Virgin,  o^ary  by 
whofe  Interceflion  fhe  hoped  to  be  fecure  againfl  the  Attempts  of  her 
Enemies.  The  Twentieth  is,  Flourifhes  of  Arms,  as  Helmets  Launces, 
CrofletSjPikes,  Muskets,  Canons,and  other  warlike  Engines,with  this 
Latin  Sentence,  dabit  deus  his  quoq;  jinem^  God  in  due  Time  will 
put  an  End   to  thofe;  likewife,  alluding  to  the  Civil  Wars  in  Scot- 
land. The  T^venty  firfl  is,  a  Tree  planted  in  a  Church-yard  environed 
with  dead  Mens   Bones,   with  thefe  Latin  Words,   pietas  revocabit 
ab  orco,  Piety  brings  back  from  the  Grave,  alluding  to  the  Dead 
from  whofe  Interceflion  fhe  exped:ed   Affiflance,  as  a  Tree  plan- 
ted in  a  Church- Yard,  is   nourifhed  and  fupported  by  the  dead 
Corps  who  environ  it.  The  Twenty  fecond  is,  Eclipfes  of  the  Sun 
and  Moon,  with  this  Latin  Sentence,  ipfa  tibi  lumen   quod  invidet 
auferet^ihe  takes  away  the  Light  that  fhe  envies  in  another,  alluding 
to  Q^uecn  Eliz^abeth,  robbing  her  of  her  Reputation ;  becaufe  fhe 
thought,    that   it   cclipfed   her  own.   The  Twenty  third  is,  Bren- 
nuss  Balances,  a   Sword  cafl  in  to  weigh  Gold,    with   this  Latin 
Sentence,  quid  nifi  'vitlis  dolor  ?  what  is  there,  but  Sorrow  to    the 
conquered?  alludiag  to  the  Caufc  of  her  Imprifonment  for  nothing; 
and  confidering  it  either  to  proceed  from  the  Succcfs  of  her  rebel- 
lious Subje<5ls  Arms,  rcprefented  here  by  the  Sword,  or  from  the 

Penfions, 


Vol.  Ill  The  Life  of  MARY,  ^een  of  Scotl^  jTi 

Penfions  that  were  given  them  from  Queen  Eliz^abeth,  reprefented 


r<^vo 


here  by  the  Gold  ;    either  was  alike  to  her.      The  Twenty  fourth,  »^V^' 
A  Vine-tree  watered  with  Wine,  which,   inftead  of  making  it  fpring 
and  grow,  maketh  it  fade,  with  thefe  Latine  Words,  Me  a  fie  mihi 
profunt,   This  is  the  Good  I  reap  from  my  own ;    alluding  to  her 
Maintenance  in  Prifon,   which,  altho*  'twas  from  her  own  Revenues 
with  a  fufficient  Competency  for  human  Life;    yet,  like  a  Vine-tree 
that's  watered  with  her  own  Juice,  in  (lead  of  fupporting  her  Life 
made  her  daily  fade  and  decay  away  with  Sorrow.      The  Twenty 
fifth,  is  a  Wheel  rolled  from  a  Mountain  into  the  Sea,    with  thefe 
Italian  Word>,    Trecipitio,  fenz,a  Jperanz^a,  Precipitantly,  without 
Hope;    alluding  to  her  precipitant  Flight  into  England,    by  which 
flie  had  thrown  her  fclf  into  a  Sea  of  Sorrow,  without  any  Hope  of 
Recovery.     The  Twenty  fixth,   is  a  Heap  of  Win"s  and  Feathers 
difpers'd,  with  thefe  Latine  Words,  Magnatum  vicimtas,  The  Neigh- 
bourhood ot  Greatnefs;   alluding  to  her  experimental  Knowledge 
of  the  Vanity  of  the  World;  which,  with  all  its  Pomps  and  Splen- 
dor, takes  Wings  and  flics  away,  and  leaves  the  greateft  Princes,  in 
the  lafl:  Period  of  their  Life,   as  void  of  them  as  the  meanefl  Pea- 
fant.     The  Twenty  feventh,  A  Trophy  upon  a  Tree,    with  Mitres, 
Crown,  Hats,  Masks,  Swords,  Books,  and  a  Woman  with  a  Veil  o- 
ver  her  Eyes,  pointing  to  Some  about  her,  with  thefe  Latine  Words, 
Vt  cafus  dederit.    As  they  are  cafuallv  given ;    alluding  to  the  Va- 
nity of  all  States  and  Conditions  in  tne  World,    for,  be  what  they 
will,  they  may  flourifti  tor  a  Time  in  their  Gayety  and  Verdure,  as 
a  Tree,  but  at  length,  theymuft  all  become  the  Trophies  of  Death, 
and  lie  undiftinguiflied  in  the  Grave.      The  Twenty  eighth.  Three 
Crowns,  two  oppofire    and  another  above  in  the  Sky,    with  thefe 
Latin  Words,    ddltamque  moratur,  Another  waits  her ;  alluding  to 
her  having  been  once  in  Pofleffion  of  the  Two  Imperial  Crowns  of 
Scotland  and  France,  and  now  in  Expedation  of  a  Crown  of  Glory. 
The  Twenty  ninth,  is  the  Sun  in  an  Eclipfe,  with  thefe  Latin  Words, 
c^edio  occidit  dte,  He  fets  in  the  Middle  of  the  Day  ;  alluding  to 
her  Misfortune  in  the  Ptime  and  Glory  of  her  Age.     Befides  all  thefe 
are  the  Arms  of  Scotland,  England  and  France,   fevcrally  by  them- 
felves,  and  all  quartered  in  many  Parts  of  it. 

By  thefe  Emblematical  Reprefentations,  we  at  once  fee  the  Great- 
nets  of  her  Soul,    and  the  Innocency  of  her  Diverfions  during  her 
Imprifonmcnt.     But  now  her  Sorrows  began  to  multiply  upon  her  j 
for  in  the  Year  1581,  the  News  was  brought  to  her,    of  her  Son's 
being  kept  Prifoner  bV  the  Earl  of  Cowrie ;  and  ftie  no  ways  doubt- 
ing but  that  he  would  meeet  with  the  fame  Treatment  that  ihe  had  y,,^, 
met  with,  (he  wrote  a  long  Letter  (a)  to  Queen  Eliz^abeth,  where- Qi'sTw"!* 
in  fhe  reprefented  all  her  Treatment,    from  the  Beginning  of  her  h^^i™!^ 
Misfortunes  tilL.that  verv  Day,  and  befeeches  her,  by  the  dolorous  ***  ** 
Paffion  of  our  Saviour  and  Redeemer   Jefus  Chrifi,  that  fhe  might 
have  Permiffion  to  depart  out  of  her  Kingdom,  to  jffifl  her  Son  and 

O  o  o  o  1  to 

<.»)  S.C  Uu.  UttM  •!  luf,  i*  BUOmmJ,  P.  i  )e;.  u4  ia  Vd^r,  Llf«  of  Q^o  Mmj,  t.  tit. 


331  The  Ltfe  of  MARY,  Gluten  of  Scotland. Vol.  \\\, 

^"^^•^  to  refrefh  licr  poor  Body,   opprefs'd  with  daily  Sorrows  and  liravy 
v.^^\^  Direafcs,    and  tlut  fhe  might  prepare  her  Soul  for  God,  to  whom 
{he  hourly  cxpcded  to  render  it  up;    but  if  this  could  not  be  ob- 
tained, fhe  hoped,  that  in  her  lafl:  Hours  (lie  might  be  allowed  to 
have  a  Churchman  of  her  own  Religion,  and  two  Maids  to  attend 
her  in  iier  Chamber  in  lier  Sickncfs ;    protefting  before  God,  That 
they  were  neceffary  for  her,  to  keep  her  from  the  Shame  of  being 
expofed  by  Reafon  oi  the  many  Infirmities  which  her  Imprifonmcnt 
had  brought  upon  her:    And  concludes  with  thefe  pathctick  Words, 
Q^adaw,  Reafftme  the  Murks  of  your  ancient  good  Nature,   oblige 
your  own  to  your  Jelf;   grant  me  that  Contentment  before  J  die,    as  to 
fee  all  things  accommodated  betwixt  yon  and  my  [elf,    to  the  end  that 
?/;y'Sonl,  being  enlarged  from  my  "Body,  it  be  not  conf  rained  to  lay  o- 
pen  her  Croans  before  God,  for  the  Injuries  which  yon  have  fuffered  to 
be  done  unt»  me  upon  the  Earth  :    But  on  the  contrary,  that  departing 
from  this  Captivity  in  Peace  and  Concord,  it  may,  with  all  Content, 
repair  to  him  whom  Imof  humbly  befeech  to  infpire  you  to  condefcend 
to  the  }uft  Requcfls  of  your  mojl  defolate,  mofi  near,  and  moft  affedi- 
onate  Kmjwoman. 

M.  Re"ina. 

o 
The  8th  Diy  o( Novemtir,  1581. 

But  Queen  Eliz^abeth  was  Deaf  as  the  Stone  to  all  tiiat  Hie  could 
fay ;  and  I  would  be  too  prolix,  if  I  fhould  give  an  Account  of 
the  hundred  Part  of  the  Indignities  that  were  done  to  her ;  in  the 
mean  Time  her  Son  being  offufficient  Age  begun  to  refent  the 
harfh  Treatments  his  Mother  met  wkh,  and  lookt  with  a  favourable 
Eye  upon  all  thofe  tJiat  had  ftood  by  her  during  his  Minority. 
And  wrote  very  prefTingly  to  Qj.ieen  Eliz.abeth  to  fet  his  Mother 
at  Liberty;  Queen  Eliz^abeth  on  the  other  Hand,  refolved  to  dis- 
patch her,  and  in  order  thereto,  Sir  Annas  Paulet  and  Sir  Drw 
Drury  were  ordered  to  be  her  Keepers,  and  many  Attempts  were 
made  for  Poifoning  her,  and  murdering  her  ;  but  moft  of  them 
failed,  at  length  it  was  accomplifhed,  and  brought  about  after  this 
Manner. 

One  Gilbert  Gifford  an  Englifh  Man,  (a)  who  had  been 
brought  up  in  the  Roman  Catholick  Religion,  and  bred  at  Rheims, 
Thi  H'«^<"y  was  bribed  by  Secretary  Walfngham,  and  employed  by  him  for 
wiTs'Tci-  the  difcovcring  of  all  the  Defigns  of  the  Roman  Catholicks  in  Fa- 
vours of  Queen  Mary,  and  went  frequently  betwixt  France  and 
England  \  the  Roman  Catholicks  having  obfeived  this  traffecking 
Kind  of  Life  of  his ;  and  that  he  was  never  challenged  by  the 
Government,  they  begun  to  fufpedt  him  to  be  a  Rogue;  he  finding 
this,  to  remove  all  Grounds  of  Siifpicion  from  them,  went  over  to 
Pontamoujfon  where  he  commenced  Batchelor  ot  Theology,  and 
immediately  after  entered  into  Holy  Orders  at  Rheims,  and  go- 
ing to  Paris,  he  became  intimately  acquainted  with  Thomas  Mor- 
gan a  faithful  Servant  of  Queen  Marys,  to  whom  he  told,  that  if 

he 

r  I  ■  I         l» — 




Vol.  HI.  The  Life  6f  MARY,  ^een  of  Scotland.  335 

he  Ind  lo  miicli  Moficy  as  to  defray  his  Charges,  into  England  /^(^^^ 
with  Ibme  Letters  ot  Credit  to  her  Friends,  he  knew  ot  an  intalli- '■^^.''^ 
blc  Wav  or  making  her  Efcape;  this,  Mr.  Mor^tt/z  communicated 
to  the  ArclibiHiop  of  GUfgow  the  Queen's  Anibairador  at  Paris  : 
But  that  wife  Prelat  would  not  hear  of  him  ;  however  oy^Iorgan 
was  prevailed  upon  to  truft  him;  and  gave  him  (bme  Letters  of 
Credit  to  the  Queen's  Friends;  and  amongft  the  reft  to  aAntom 
Bdington  of  Dcthitke  in  Derby/hire,  a  young  Man  well  Sorn,  rich 
of  an  excellent  Genius,  and  learned  above  his  Years.  Gijford  ar- 
riving, iii  England,  went  flraiglit  to  Secretary  Wdfinghame,  to 
whom  he  fhow'd  all  his  Letters,  and  then  delivered  them  to  the 
Pet  Tons  to  whom  they  were  direiffed,  and  Cijford  and  Babtngton 
had  a  long  Conference,  concerning  the  Manner  of  delivering  of 
Queen  Miry,  and  it  was  agreed,  that  Queen  BltZ^aheth  fhould  be 
murdered  by  by  Six  Fellows,  whom  Gtjfoy-d  was  to  engagfe,  and 
i:.{l;inglori  with  a  Hundred  Horfe-Men,  at  the  fame  Time,  fhould 
lelieve  Queen  Mary  :  All  this  was  contrived  by  Wal/inghami,  that 
dicv  mitrhthave  Tome  Ground  to  proceed  againfl  Queen  Mrry;  bat 
the' "teat  DifHculty  was  tij  have  it  un^Qi  Babington\  Hand,  which 
they  procured  thils, 

W.rlfiHghawe  had  fome  ofQueen  M.irys  Letters  wrote  in  Cyphers," 
and  in  tnefe  Cyphers  a  Letter  was  writ  to  Babtngton  as  it  wer6 
from  Queen  Q^ary  challenging  him  for  his  long  Silence,  and 
requiring  a  Packet  to  be  lent,  that  Gtfford  had  brought  to  her  from 
France,  Babtngton  returns  an  Anfwer,  wherein  he  tells  of  what  wa^ 
a^'reed  betwixt  him  and  Gijford,  which  being  read  and  copied 
by  Sir  Afnias  Taulet,  it  was  delivered  to  her  Secretaries  Nj've  and 
Ct4rl ;  they  knowing  the  Stridlncfs  of  their  Royal  Miftris  Virtue 
durfl  not  acquaint  her  of  it  5  but  returned  an  Anfwer  in  their  Mi- 
ftris Name,  commending  his  Zeal  and  Forwardnefs  in  her  Service, 
and  promifing  a  Reward  to  the  AlfaiTinators,  which  was  delivered 
to  Walftngham,  who  acquainted  the  Council  of  it ;  Sir  Amias  Paulet 
after  tins  received  a  Letter'  from  Walfmghan),  wherein  he  was  de- 
fired  to  take  the  Queen,  her  two  Secretaries  and  her  other  Servants 
to  the  Hunting,  winch  he  accordingly  did;  but  they  had  no  foorl- 
er  come  to  the  Field  ;  but  fhe  and  they  were  feized  upon  bv  i 
Company  of  armed  Men  fent  for  that  Purpofe,  and  committee!  all 
to  dillercnt  Prifons,  and  her  Majefty  was  fent  Prifonef  to  Pothring- 
gay  Caff  le.  All  or  moft  of  tiiofc  who  were  engaged  with  Babing- 
)on  were  put  to  death,  and  a  great  many  of  them  moft  cru- 
elly, being  ript  up  alive,  and  quartered,  Gijford  was  Tent  over  to 
Prance  tilT  the)*  fhould  have  iHore  Ufe  for  him  ;  bat  being  appre- 
hended there  and  found  a  Spy,  by  the  Letters  that  were  feized 
upon  him.fome  of  which  were  written  inCyphcrs,and  fome  with  the 
Juice  of  an  Onion  and  Allom.he  was  thrown  into  Prifon,  and  died 
'in  a  ftarving  Cx>ndition,  notwithftanding  that  the  EngUfj  Ambaf- 
{iidor  then  at  Paris  often  promifed  to  relieve  him.  But  what  they 
fhould  do  with  the  Queen  oi  Scotland  wars  their  next  great- Cort^ 

P  p  p  p  cern, 


^^4  ^f  Life  of  MARY,  ^een  o/"  .Scotland.  V<.i.   ||f. 

aIT?^  cern,  fome  were  for  doing  no  Harm  to  her,  becaufc  /he  was  a  fo- 
^^^'''^  vcreif^n  Trincefi,  fickly  and  not  like  to  live  long  ;    bcfidcs  the  Plot 
was  neither  begun  by  her,  nor  had  ftic  any  Hand  in  it,  further  than 
what  her  Secretary  had  done,  her  Punifhment  fhould  be  but  a  dole 
Imprifonment ;  others   were  for  profccuting  licr.  by  Law,  my  Lord 
Leicefler  was    for  poifoning  her,  and    fent  privately  a  Divine  to 
}Valfingham  to  perfwade    him  of  the   Lawfulncfs  of  it;    but  Wdl- 
rhcQ^cto /in^ham  told  him  he  would  never  agree  to  that,  at  length   Queen 
of  E^^und  £i,;r^(;f(fj  rcfolved  to  try  if    Sir  jimias  Paulet  and  Sir  Drvj  'Bury 
"""'a.Vi  ''m  would  undertake  to  murder  her  privately  in  her  Chamber,  that  fhe 
E«  chL!"  nii<Tht  not  be  thought  to  have  any  Hand  in  her  Death ;  but  Iiow 
tins  was  tranla(fted,  will  bed  appear  from  Secretary  Davifons  Apo- 
logy for  himfelf,   found  amongfl  Sir    u4mias  Piwleis  Tapers.     A 
Copy  of  which  tranfcnbcd  from  the  Original,was  fent  tome,  by  my 
wortliy  and  learned  Friend,  Mr.  Hurry  of  C/;r;/?J-Church  O.vo«,  and 
is  as  follows. 

ON  Wednejday  the  ifl  of  this  Prefent,  about  Ten  of  the  Clock, 
came  one  of  the  Grooms  of  the  Chamber  to  me,  to  let  me 
underftand,  that  Her  Majefly  had  called  for  me  by  my  Lord 
Admiral,  who  was  in  the  Privy  Chamber:  I  found  his  Lordfliip 
there,  who  told  me  theCaufeof  my  fending  for.  Having  firfl  fum- 
marly  difcours'd  unto  me  fome  Speech  that  had  pafs'd  that  Morn- 
ing betwixt  Her  Majefty  and  him,  touching  the  Execution  of  the 
Scottijh  Qiiecn  ;  the  Conclufion  of  which  was.  That  fhe  would  no 
longer  deter  it,  and  therefor  had  commanded  him  to  (end  exprefly 
for  me,  to  bring  the  Warrant  unto  her :  Whereupon,  returning  to 
niy  Chamber,  I  took  both  that  and  diverfe  other  Things  to  be  fign- 
ed,  for  her  Service,  and  returning  back,  fent  in  Mr.  Brook^'to  figni- 
fy  my  being  there  to  Her  Majefty,  who  immediately  called  forme. 
At  my  coming  in,  Her  Majefly  firfl  asking  me,  whether  I  had  been 
Abroad  that  ^ir  Morning  ?  advifing  me  to  u/e  it  oftner,  and  repre- 
hending me  for  the  contrary ;  finally,  demanded  what  I  had  in  my 
Hands:  I  anfwered.  Divers  Warrants,  and  other  Things  to  be fign- 
cd  for  Her  Majefty's  Service.  She  enquired,  whether  my  Lord  Ad- 
miral had  not  lent  for  me  ?  and,  whether  I  had  not  brought  up  tlie 
Warrant  for  the  Scots  Queen  ?  I  anfwered,  Yes;  and  thereupon 
calling  for  it,  I  delivered  it  into  her  Hands.  After  the  reading 
whereof,  calling  for  Pen  and  Ink,  fhe  figned  it;  and  laying  it  from 
her,  asked  me,  Whether  I  was  not  heartily  forry  that  it  was  done? 
JMine  Anfwer  was.  That  I  was  forry  a  Lady  fo  near  in  Blood  to  her 
felf,  and  of  her  Place  and  Quality,  fhould  fo  far  forget  her  Duty 
to  God  and  Her  Majefly,  as  to  give  her  this  Caufe :  But  fichcnce 
this  A(51:  of  Her  Majefly  was,  in  all  Mens  Opinions,  of  that  Juftice 
and  Neceffity  that  (he  could  not  defer  it,  without  the  manifefl  Dan- 
ger of  her  Perfon  and  State,  I  could  not  be  forry  to  fee  Her  Maje- 
liy  take  this  Courfe,  of  removing  the  Caufe  of  that  Danger  which 
threatned  the  One  and  the  Other ;  protcfling  neverthelcS,  That  I 

was 


V^^-  ^^J- The  Life  0/  MARY,  Glueen  0/ Scotland.  ^35 

was  fofar  from  tlurfting  after  the  Blood  of  that  unhappy  Lady,  that 


r>v^'\^^ 


if  tliere  had  been  any  other  Way  to  prefcrve  Her  Majefty  and  the   ^v^' 
State  from  Mifchief,  than  by  taking  her  Li(q,   I  could  have  wilTied 
it :  But  the  Cafe  ftanding  fo,  in  the  Opinion  of  all  Men,    tiiat  ei- 
ther Her  Majefty  or  She  muft  die,  1  muft  confefi  freely,    tiiat  I  pre- 
ferred the  Death  of  the  Guilty  before  the  Innocent.     After  this    flie 
commanded  nic  to  carry  it  to  the  Seal,  and  to  give  my  Lord  Chan- 
cellor Order  from  her,  to  ufe  it  as  fecretly  as  niight  be,  and  by  ths 
Way,  to  fliow  it  to  Mr.  Secretary  Waljingham,  becaufe,  flic  thoiioht, 
the  Grief  thereof  would  kill  him  outngiit  j  for  fo  it  pleafed  Her  Ma- 
jefty to  fay  of  him.     This  done,  (he  called  for  the  reft  of  the  War- 
rants and  other  Things  I  had  to  fign,  and  diCpatch'd  them  all  with 
the  beft  Difpof^tion  and  Willingnefs  that  could  be  :    In  the  mean 
time,  repeating  unto  me  (ome  Rcafons  why  flie  had  fo  long  defer- 
red the  Matter,  as  namely.  For  her  Honour's  Sake,  that  the  World 
miglit  fee  tiiat  flie  had  not  been  violently  or  malicioufly  drawn  un- 
to it.     She  concluded,    Tnat  flie  was  never  fo  ill  advifed,  as  not  to 
fee  and  apprehend  her  own  Danger,   and  the  Neceflity  flie  had  to 
proceed  to  this  Execution  ;  and  thereupon,  after  fome  intermingled 
Speech  here  and  there,  flie  told  me.  That  flie  would  have  it  cfone 
as  fecretly  as  might  be;  and  mifliking  that  it  fliould  be  executed  in 
the  open  Court,  or  Green  of  the  Caftle,  exprcfly  wiU'd  that  it  fliould 
be  done  in  the  Hall ;  which  I  take  to  be  a  certain  Argument,  both 
of  her  Meaning  it  fliould  be  done,    and  in  the  Form  prefcribed  in 
the  Warrant.     But  after  I  had  gathered  up  my  Papers,  and  was  rea- 
dy to  depart,  flie  fell  into  fomc"Complaint  of  Sir  ^mias  Pavolet  and 
Others,  that  might  have  ealed  her  of  this  Burden;  wifliing  me  yet 
to  deal  With  Mr.  Secretary,    and  that  he  would  jointly  write  to  Sir 
jimifls  and  Sir  Drury.  to  found  their  Difpofitions :    Aiming  ftiU  at 
this,  that  it  might  be  fo  done,  as  the  Blame  might  be  removed  from 
lierfelf.     And   tho'  I  had  always  refufed  before  to  meddle  therein, 
upon  fundry  of  Her  Majeftie's  former  Motions,  as  a  Thing  I  utterly 
condemned ;  yet  was  I  content,  as  I  told  her,   for  her  Satisfadion^ 
to  let  Sir  ^mias  underftand  what  flie  expecfled  at  his  Hands,  albeit 
I  did  before  hand  aflure  mr  fclf  it  fhould  be  fo  much  Labour  loft, 
knowing  the  Wifdom  and  Integrity  of  the  Gentleman,  who  I  thought 
would  not  do  any  unlawful  Adt  for  any  Refpe(ft  in  the  World  ;  but 
finding  Her  Majefty  defirous  to  have  him  founded  in  tiiis  Behalf, 
I  departed  from  Her  Majefty,  with  Promife  to  fignify  fo  much  to 
Mr.  Secretary,  and  that  we  would  both  acquaint  Su-  Amias  of  her 
Pleafure  -.    And  here  repeating  to  me  a^in,    that  fhe  would  have 
the  Matter  clofely  handled,  becaufe  of  her  Danger,  I  promifed  to 
ufe  it  as  fecretly  as  I  could  ;  and  fo  for  that  Time  departed.     That 
Altcrnoon  I  repaired  to  my  Lord  Chancellor,  where  I  procur'd  the 
Warrant  to  be  lealed  ;   having  in  my  Way  vifitcd  Mr.  Secretary, 
and  agreed  with  him  about  tiie  Form  of  the  Letter  which  fhould 
I)e  written  for  her  Majefty's  fatisfying  to  Sir  Amias  TauUt  and  Mr. 
Dmryy  winch  at  my  returning  from  my  Lord  Chancellor  was  dif^ 

P  p  p  p  i  patched. 


;^6  The  Life  o/MARY,  ^een  o/"  Scotland.  Vol.  m 


A^.V^  patched.     Tlic  next  Morning  I  received  a  Letter  trom  Cranmer  my 
■^"^■^  hciviuK,    whom   I  left  at  Court,  fignifyin;^  unto  me  Her  Majcrtic's 
Pkafiiie,  that  I  fhould  Forbear  going  to  mv  Lord  CiianccUor's  till 
]  h.iil  (pokcn  with  her:    And  within  an   Hour  alter  came  William 
Ktlltfi^rcio  with  the  like  Mellage  from   iier-  whom  I  rccLiitied  with 
this  Aniuer,  That  1  would  be  at  the  Court  allbon  as  liimfclN    and 
"ive  Her  Majcfty  an  Ai-"t:ount  oF  what  I  had  done,     At  my  Coming 
to  her  fhc  asked  me,   whether  I  had  been  at  my  Lord  Chancellor? 
I  anFueied  iici,  Yes.     She  demanded,    What  needed   that  Hal\e  ? 
1  aiiFwercd,  Tiiat  I  had  done  no  more  tiian  fhe  commanded,    and 
thought  it  no  Matter  to  be  dallied     withall ;     but  Faith  Ihe,    me 
thinks  the  bed  and  (aFeft  Way  For  me,  is  to  have  it  otherways  hand- 
led, particularizing  a  Form,  that  fhe,  as  (he  pretended  liked,  bet- 
ter, naming  unto  me  Fome  tliat  were  of  that  Opinion  whoiejudge' 
ments  fhe  commended,  I  anFwercd,    that    I  took  the  honourable 
and  ]urt.  Way  to  be  the  befl  and  Fafeft,  if  fhe  meant  to  have  it  done 
at  all; whereto  lierMajcfly  replying  nothing  For  that  Time.lettme, 
and  went  to  dinner^  within  a  Day  or  i  after,  her  Majcfh'  being  in  the 
Privy  Chamber  called  me  unto  her,andfhiiling,rold  me  how  fhe  had 
been  troubled  with  me  that  Night,  upon  a  Dream  fhe  had,   That 
tlie  Stots  Queen  wa^  executed,   pretending  to  be  fb  troubled  witli 
the  News,  that  iF  fhe  had  had  a  Sword    fhe  could   have  run  me 
thrnugh;  but  this  being  delivered  in  a  pleafant  and  fmiling   Man- 
ner,  I  anF\vercd  her  Majefly,  That  it  was  good  I  was  not  near  her, 
fo  long  as  that  Humour  lafted  ;    but  with  all  taking  hold  oF  her 
Speech,  I  asked  her  Majefty  in  great  EarncflneFs  what  it  meant,  and 
wliethcr  having  proceeded  this  far,   fhe  had  not  a  meaning  to  go 
Forward  with  the  Execution  5  confirming  this  with  a  Folemn  Oadr, 
and  Fome  Vehcmcncy  fheanFwered,  Tes  ;  but  fhe  thought  it  miglit  re- 
ceive a  better  Form,  becauFe  Faith  fhe,this  caflethtne  whole  Burden 
upon  my  Felf,  whereto  I  replied.  That  the  Form  Fubfcribcd  by  her 
\Varrand    was  Fuch  as  the  Law  required,   and  the  only  Form  that 
was  to  be  kept  in  Honour  and  Juftice,   fhc  anfwered,  There  were 
wiFer  Men  than  my  FelFoF  another  Opinion,   I  told  her,    I   could 
not  anfwer  for  other  Men ;  but  this  1  was  Fure  of,    that  I  never 
heard  any  Man  give  Found  ReaFon  to  prove  it  either  lionourable  or 
(•xic  For  Her  Majeflv  to  take  any  other  CouiFc  than  that  which  ftan- 
deth  with  Law  and  Juflice :    So  without  Farther  Replication  or 
Speech  at  that  Time,  Her  Majefty  roFe  up  and  left  me. 

The  Fame  Afternoon  fas  I  take  itj  fhc  asked  me,  if  I  had  heard 
from  S\x  Jlmias  Pazvlet;  I  told  her.  No  :  But  within  an  Hour  or  two 
after,  going  to  London,  I  met  with  Letters  From  him,  in  AnFwer  to 
thofc  mat  were  written  to  him  by  Mr.  Secre:ary  and  my  FelF  Tiie 
next  Morning,  having  AcceFs  to  Her  Majefty  upon  Fome  other  Oc- 
caFion,  I  told  her  I  had  Letters  from  Mr.  Pazvlctf  which  Her  Ma- 
jefty, dcfirous  to  Fee,  took  and  read ;  but  finding  thereby,  that  he 
was  grieved  witli  the  Motion  made  unto  him,  offered  his  Life  and 
all  lie  .had  to  be  diFpoFed  of  by  Her  Majefty,   buc  abFolutcIy  reFu- 

fing 


Vol.  111. The  Life  of  MAR  Y,   <^em  of  bconanc.'. ^ 

fing  to  be  an  Inftrumcnt  in  any  fuch  Acflion  as  was  not  warranced  in  jj;;^ 
Honour  orJuftic6:    Her  Majefty  falling  into  fome  Terms  of  Of-^'V^ 
fence,    complaining  ot  tlie  dainty  (as  fhc  called  it^  Perjun  of  Inin 
and  Others,  who,  contrary  to  their  Oath  of  AiTociation,   did  caft 
the  Burden  upon  herfelf ;  Ihe  rofe  up,    and,   after  a  Turn  or  two, 
\vent  in  to  the  Gallery  ,  whither  I  followed  her  :  And  there  renew- 
ing her  former  Speech,  blaming  theNicenefs  of  thofe  preciie  Fel- 
lows, who  in  Words  would  do  great  Things  for  her  Svii^ty^    but  in 
Deed  perform  nothing*.    And  concluded,  ^She  icould  ha%/e]t  well  e- 
nough  done  without  them;  and  here  enrring  into  Particularities,  na- 
med unto  me,  as  I  remember,  one  Wingfield,  who,  fhe  alTured  me^ 
would,  with  fome  Others,  undertake  it:  Which  gave  meOccafion 
to  fhow  unto  Her  Majerty  how  difhonourable,  in  my  poor  Opinion, 
any  fuch  Courfe  would  be,  how  far  off  fhe  would  be  from  fhunning 
tlic  Blame  and  Stain  thereof,    which  fhe  fought  fo  much  to  avoid; 
and  liere  falling  particularly  into  the  Cafe  of'Sir  Amias  Pawlct  and 
Sir  Drw   T>rury,  told,  That  'twas  a  marvelous  Extremity  fhe  would 
have  expofed  thefe  two  Gentlemen  unto;  for  if,  in  a  tender  Care 
for  her  Security,  they  fhould  have  done  that  which  fhe  defired,  /he 
mufl  either  allow  dicir  A(ft,   or  difalloW  it :    If  fhe  allowed  it,    fhc 
took  the  Matter  upon  her  felf,  with  her  infinite  Difhonour ;    if  fhe 
difallowed  it,    fhe  overthrew  thofe  faithful  Gentlemen,    (who  fhc 
knew  did  truly  and  faithfully    love  her)  and  not    only  them- 
felves,  but  their  whole  Eflate  and  Pof^erity  ;   and  therefor,  thought 
diis  a  mofl  dangerous  and  difhonourable  Courfe  both  for   her  felf 
and  them ;  and   fo  after  fome  particular    Speech  of  Mr.  Secretary 
and  others,  touching  fome  Matters  pafl  heretofore,    her  Majefly 
calling  to  underfland  whether  it  was  Time  to  go  to  the  Clofct,brake 
off  our  Difcourfe. 

At  my  next  Accefs  to  her  Majcfty  (which  I  take  was  Tuefday,  the 
Day  before  my  coming  from  Court^  having  certain  Things  to  be 
figned.  Her  Majefty  entered,  of  her  felf,  into  fome  earnefl  UiC- 
courfe  of  the  Danger  fhe  daily  lived  in;  and  how  it  was  more  than 
Time  this  Matter  were  difpatched,  fwcaring  a  great  Oath,  thac 
it  was  a  Shame  for  them  All  that  it  was  not  done ;  and  thereupon 
fpake  unto  me  to  have  a  Letter  written  to  Mr.  Pohlet  for  the 
Difpatch  thereof  J  becaufe  the  longer  it  was  deferred,  the  more; 
her  Danger  incteafed ;  whereunto  (knowing  what  Order  had  been 
taken  by  my  Lords  in  fending  the  Commifiion  to  the  Earls)  I  an- 
fwered,  That  I  thought  there  was  no  Nece/fity  of  fuch  a  Letter, 
the  Warrant  being  fo  genetal  and  fufficient  as  it  was,  Her  Majefly 
replied  little  elfc,  but  that  fhe  thought  Mr.  Poulet  would  look  for 
it.  And  this  as  near  as  I  can  poflibly  Remember,  is  a  faithful  and 
true  Report  of  what  hath  palled  betwixt  her  Majefty  ind  me,  front 
the  Day  of  figning  the  Warrant  and  the  Commandment  given  un^ 
to  me  to  catty  it  unto  the  Seal,  untill  the  Hour  of  my  DeparctKC 
from  the  Court  :  In  all  which,  I  mufl  proteft  unfeignedly  beforef 
God,  That  I  neither  remember  any  fuch  Commandment  given 

Q.  P  q  q  m« 


558  The  Life  of  MARY.  Glmen  of  Scotland.  Vol.  Iff. 

A^^^.  me  by  Her  Majcfty,  as  is  prwended,  neicher  did  ever  I  conceive 
''"^'^'  fuch  an  Intent  or  Meaning  in  her,  and  that  my  Innocency  herein, 
may  the  better  appear,  let  it  be  confidered,  Firfl,  What  the  Com- 
mandment is,  and  next  upon  what  Confiderations,  it  was  granted; 
the  Commandment  as  I  undcrftand    it,  hath  two  Tarts,  one,    that 
I  fhould  conceal  it  from  the  Reft  of  her  Majefty's    Council,  ano- 
ther that  I  fhould  retain  it  by  my  felf,  until  fome  tumultuary  Time 
as  a  Thin<»  Her  Majcfty  meant  not,    otherwife  to  put  in  l-lxccuri- 
on,  both  which  I  muft  in  all  Duty  and  Humblcnefs  under  jier  moft 
oracious  Favour  abfolutely  deny  ;  and  for  the  firft,  I  truft  lier  Ma- 
lefty  in  her  princely  and  honourable  Nature  will  not  deny ;    bur, 
that  fhe  firft  fcnt  for  me  by  my  Lord  Admiral  to  bring  the  War- 
rant unto  her,  which  provcth,     that  his  Lordftiip  was  acquainted 
with  her  Purpofe,  and  next  that  fhe  gave  me  exprefs  Word,  both 
to  carry  it  forthwith  to  the  Seal,  with  a  Meffage  to  my  Lord  Chan- 
cellor, who  confequently  muft  be  acquainted  with  it  and  al(o  by 
the  Way  to  impart  it  to  Mr.  Secretary,    fo  that    thefe  three  being 
made  privy  to  it  with  her  own  good  likeiii^;  and  my  felt  as  I  lay 
not  reftrained  from  rhe  Contrary  by  any  fuch  Commandment,  as 
is  pretended,  what  Reafon  had    I  to  conceal    it    from  my  Lord 
Treafurer,  to  whom  my  Lord  Admiral  had  firft  imparted  it,  or  from 
my  Lord  Liecefier  to  whom  her  Majefty  fignified  as  much,  as  like- 
wife  to  Mr.  Vice-Chamberlain,  and  as  they  are  all  well  acquainted 
with    the     Reft    of    the    whole      Proceeding,    and  as  iar  inter- 
eftcd  in  the  Caufe  as  my   felf,  or  any  of  the  others,    unlefs  Her 
Majefty  had  a  meaning  that  Mr.  Secretary  and  I  ftiould  have  dealt 
alone   in  fending  of  it  to  the  Earls,  which  for  mine  own  Part,    I 
confefs  I  never  liked,  knowing  her  Majefty's  Purpofe  was  often  to 
my  felf  to  remove  as  much  of  the  Burden  as  fhe  might  from   her 
own  Shoulders  upon  others,  which  I  knew  my  own  unfit  to  fuftain. 
Now  feeing  the  End  of   i'lgning    and  icaling  this  Warrant  in  all 
reafonable  Probability  and  Judgement  was  to  go  forward,  withall 
that  the  Delay  thereof  did  infinitly  increafeHer  Majefty's  Peril,  and 
thereby  hazard  the  whole  Eftate,   feeing  it  was  imparted  to  fome 
by  Her  Majefty's  own  Order,  and  no   Caufe  or  PolTibility  being 
fealed    to  keep  it  frorr^  the  reft  as  much  interefted  in  the  Caufe  as 
my  felf,  and  finally  feeing  I  could  neither,  as  I  take  it  in  Law,  nor 
Duty  of  a  good  Subjedt  conceal  it  from  them,  the  Caufe  importing 
fo  greatly  Her  Majefty's  Life  as  it  did,  and  the  Difpofition  both 
of  the  Time  and  the  State  of  Things  at  home  and  abroad  being 
fuch  as  it  was,  I  truft   it  fhall  fufficiently  appear,  that  I  was  both 
in  Reafon,  Duty  and  Neceflity  forced   thereunto,  unlefs  I    would 
have  wilfully  endangered  my  felf,  whofc  Offence  if  ought  in    the 
mean  Time  had  happened  amifs  unto  HeV  Majefty    muft   have 
been  in  my  own  Cenlure,  worthy  of  lOOO  Deaths ;   and  as  to  my 
proceeding  theicin  with  the  Reft  of  my  Lords,  after  it  was  lefolveJ, 

That 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  of  MAKY,  Gjuten  of  Scotland.  J39 

That  it  was  neither  fit  nor  convenient  to  trouble  Her  Majefty  any  J*^^ 
further  with  it,  confidering  that  ftie  had  done  all  that  the  Law  re-  ^^V^' 
quired  at  her  Hands,  and  that  fhe  had  both  to  my  (elf  and  others, 
flgnificd  at  other  Times  her  Indifpofition  to  be  acquainted  with 
the  particular  Circumftances  of  Time,  Place,  (^c.  And  that  to  de- 
tain the  Warrant  in  Expectation  of  any  farther  Directions  from 
herfelf,  was  both  needlefs  and  dangerous,  confidering  the  hourly 
Hazards  her  Majefty  lived  in.  And  finally  that  my  Lords  know- 
ing Her  Majerty's  Unwillingnefs  to  bear  all  tlic  Burden  alone,  were 
content  moft  refolutcly,  honourably ,and  dutifully  to  eafe  her  as  much 
as  they  might;  with  what  Reafon  and  Juftice  (hould  I  have  hinde- 
red the  Courfe  of  Juftice  tending  fo  gieatlvto  her  Majefty's  Safety 
and  Prefervation  of  the  whole  Realm;  and  for  the  other  Part  of 
keeping  it  by  me  to  fuch  Ends  as  is  before  alledged,  I  truft  the 
World  doth  not  hold  me  fo  undutiful  to  Her  Majefty,  or  ill  ad- 
vifed  for  my  particular,  as  to  take  fuch'a  Charge  upon  me,to  the  evi- 
dent Peril  of  Her  Majefly's  Life,Subvcrfion  of  the  whole  Eftate,and 
mine  own  uit^r  Overthrow,  neither  is  their  Caufe  to  think  (  I  fpeak 
in  all  Reverence,  and  under  Her  Majefty's  gracious  Favour^  thac 
Her  Majcfty  having  proceeded  fo  far  as  fhe  had  done  to  the  Tri- 
al of  that  Lady's  fad,  found  her  Guilty  by  a  moft  honourable  Jury 
of  her  Nobility,  affemblcd  her  Parliament  only  for  that  Purpofc, 
gratioufly  heard  olieir  Petitions,  and  difmiftcd  them  with  fo  great 
Hope,  publifhed  afterwards  the  Proclamation  for  her  Difablement 
rejected  the  Suits  both  of  the  French  and  Scottifh  Kings  for  her 
Life,  and  returned  their  AmbaftadorsHopelefs;  confirmed  the  Im- 
prifonment  by  her  Letters  to  both  Princes,  (  fome  of  which  it  plea- 
led  her  tocommunicate  with  my  felf)  protefted  many  1 00  Times  her 
Neceftity  and  Refolution  to  go  through  with  all,  falbeit  for  fund- 
ry  good  Reafons  fhe  had  fo  long  deferred  it )  having  given  her 
Commandment  to  me  many  Days  before,  to  bring  up  the  Warrant 
unto  her,  and  then  voluntarly  fent  for  it  by  my  Lord  Admiral,  fig- 
ning  it  as  foon  as  I  brouglit  it,  her  cxprefs  Commandment  given 
me  to  carry  it  to  the  Seal,  and  to  have  it  fccretly  handled  :  And 
finally,  her  particular  Direction  whilft  fhe  was  figning  otiier  Things 
at  the  fame  Time,  to  have  the  Execution  done  in  the  Hall,  mifji- 
king  that  it  fhould  be  done  in  the  Green  or  open  Court ;  with  a 
Number  of  other  foregoing  andfollowing  Circumftances,  may  fuf- 
ficiendy  tcftify  her  Majefty's  Difpofition  to  have  it  proceeded  in, 
albeit  Ihc  had  to  my  felf  and  others,  declared  her  Unwillingnefs  to 
iiavc  been  made  acquaint  with  the  Time  and  other  Circumftances, 
having  done  all  that  the  Law  required  of  her,  or  that  in  Honour 
was  fit  and  expedient  for  hct  to  do. 


Q  q  q  q  Zr  The 


2±o  T^f  L^ff  of  MAP^Y,  Clueen  of  Scotland. VoK  II f 


The  Letter  wrote  to  Sir  y^mias  Powlet  and  Sir  Drw  'Drur'y. 


A 


FTE  R  our  hearty  Commendations,   we  find  hy  a  Speech  lately 

fnade  hy  her  (iMcijefty,  that  Jhe  doth  note  in  you,    both  a  Lack 

7t  that  Care  and  Zed  for  her  Service,    th'at  Jhe  looketh  /or  at  your 
Hands,  in  that  you  have  not  in  all  this  Time  (  of  your  Sehes,  with- 
out other  Provocation  )  found  out  (ome  Way  to  Jhorten  the  Life  of  the 
Scots  Qlueen,  confidering  the  ,^rcat  Peril  Jhe  is  hourly  jubjeil  to,    [o 
lonfr  as  the  faid  j^lueen  Jhali  live ;  wherein,  befides  a  kind  of  Lack  of 
Love  towards  her,  jhe  zvondereth  greatly  that  you  have  not  that  Care 
of  your  own  particular  Safeties,  or  rather  the  Prefervation  of  Religi- 
on, and  the  puhltck  Good  and  Projfertty  of  your  Countries,   that  Rea- 
fon  and  Policy  commandeth;  efpectally,  having  Jo  good  a  Warrant  and 
Ground  for  the  Satis fal'iion  of  your  Conjciences  toward  God,  and  the 
Dijcharge  of  your  Credit  and  Reputation  towards  the  World,    as  the 
Oath  of  yijfoctation  which  you  both  have  fo  jolemnly  taken  and  vowed";  • 
efpecially,  the  Matter  wherewith  fhe  flandeth  charged,  being  fo  clearly 
and  manifeflly  proved  agatnft  her  :  And  therefore  Jhe  taketh  it  mofi 
unkindly,  that  <iAden  profejjing  that  Love  towards  her  that  you  do, 
fhould  in  a  kind  of  fort,  for  Lack  of  the  D  if  charge  of  your  Duties,  caji 
the  Burden  upon  her,    knowing  as  you  do,    her  Indifpo/ttwn  to  fhed 
Blood ;  efpecially,  of  one  of  that  Sex  and  Qjtality,  and  fo  near  to  her 
in  Blood  as  the  faid  Gjueen  is.     Thefe  Rejpeds,    we  find,  do  greatly 
trouble  her  Ma]efly\wl)o,  we  affureyou,  hath  fundry  Times  protefed. 
That  if  the  Regard  of  the  T>anger  of  her  good  Subjeas  and  faithful 
Servants,  did  not  more  move  her  than  her  own  Peril,  fhe  would  never 
be  drawn  to  ajfent  to  the  fhedding  of  her  Blood.     We  thought  it  meet 
tp  acquaint  you  with  thefe  Speeches  lately  pajjed  from  her  afMa^eflyy 
referring  the  fame  to  your  good  Judgments  :  And  fo  vie  commit  you, 
to  the  Protedion  of  the  Almighty. 

Tour  mofi  affured  Iriendsy 

London,    February  FRA.  WALSINGHAME 

I/,  158(5.  WILL.  DAVISON. 

Diredcd  thus, 
To  the  Right  Honourable,  Sir  Amias  Pbwlet 
Knight,  one  of  her  Majcfty's  Privy-Council. 

This  Letter  was  received  at  Rthrengay,  the  id  of  February,  at  5 
in  the  Afternoon  ;  and  in  another  Letter  from  Mr.  Davifon,  of  the 
I  ft  of  February,  to  Sir  Amias,  he  fays,  J  pray  jou,  let  both  this  and 
the  inclofed  be  committed  to  the  Fire,  which  ^eafure  fhali  be  like- 
zvife  met  to  your  Anfioer,  after  it  hath  been  communicated  to  her 
c^ajefly  for  her  Satisfailion.  Anjd  in  a  Poftfcript  of  another  Let- 
ter, from  Mr.  "Davifon  to  him,  dated  the  $d  of  February  i  ^^6,  he 
fays,  I  intreated  you  in  my  lafl  Letters,  to  burn  both 'the  Letters  fent 
you  for  the  Arguments  fake ;  which  by  your  Anfwer  to  Mr.  Secretary 

(  which 


-MkMH 


VoL  IIL  The  Lifeaf  MA'^Y,  Queen  of  Scotland.  2.  r 

(  which  J  ha-vefeen  )  appeareth  not  to  be  done ;  /  pray  you  let  me  en-,  '^«*'^»*^ 
treat  to  make  Herettcks  of  the  one  and  the  other,  as  I  mean  to  ufe  pur's^^'^^^ 
after  her  Majefty  hathjeen  it.  And  in  the  end  oFthc  Poftfcript,  J pra^ 
yoH  let  me  know  what  you  haw  done  with,  my  Letters,  l>ecaiifethey  are 
not  to  he  kept,    that  I  may  fatisfy  her  Majefty  therein ;  who  miffhi. 
other  wife  take  O fence  thereat,    and  if  you  entreat  this  Pojlfcript  in 
the  ftme  Kind,  I  pail  not  care  a  Whit.     But  it  feems  none  of  them 
obfervcd  tliis^  foramongfl:  the.  fame  Papers,  is  the  following  Let* 
tcr  to  Sir  Francis  Waljinghame^  ' 

SIR, 

YOVR  Letters  of  Tefterday  coming  to  my  Hands  this  prefenf 
Day,  at  5  p.  m.  /  tvould  not  fail  according  to  your  Diredfion 
to  return  my  Anjzuer  with  all  pojjtble  (peed ;  which  1  Jhall  delinjer  urh 
to  you  with  great  Grief  and  Bitternefs  of  Mind,  in  that  lam  Jo  un^ 
happy,  as  liwng  to  fee  this  unhappy  Day,  in  which  I  am  required  by 
Diredion  fiom  my  mofi  gracious  Sovereign,  tq  do  an  yi£f,  which  God 
and  the  Law  forbiddeth ;  my  Goods  and  Living  and  Life  are  at  her 
Majejlys  Dijpoftion,    and  I  am  ready  to  loje  them  the  next  MorrojWi 
if  itifhall  pleaje  her^   'acknowledging  that  t  do  hold  them  as  of  her 
meer  and  mdjl  gracious, Favour,  a>}ddo  not  defign  to  enjoy  them,  but. 
with  her  Highnefs  good  liking  ;  but  God  forbid  t fhould  make  fo  foul 
a  ship  wrack  of  my  Confcience,  or  leave  Jo  great  a  Blot  to  my  poor  Po- 
fterity,  dnd  (hed  Blood  without  Law  or  Warrant,   trujling^  that  her 
Majefty  pfher  accuftom'dQlemency^  and  the  rather  by  your  good  Mcr 
dtatiorf,  zvill  take  this  my  aAnfwer  iri  good  Tart,  as  proceeding  fromr 
one  who  never  zvill  b^  inferior  to  any.(^hriftian.Sfibje£i,.  living  tn  Ho-,, 
nour,  Love.tfnd  Qbedje^ce  towards,  hif  Sovereign;  and  thus  lcommit> 
youjo  the  Mer/cy  of  the  ^{mighty. 

Tour  mo  ft.  ajfured  poor  Friend^ 
From  Fotl^rengay  the  id  of 

Febrgary,  i$U.  A.  1? OWLET. 

V5.  Tour  Let tm  confihg  in  the  plurftt,  Number,  feem 
to  be  meant  to  SirDiw.Diury  as  fp.my  felf;.  tfnd^yet 
becauf«,he  is  notoV^med  in  them,'  neither  'she: Letter 
direded'unto  him,; ,  he  forbedreth  to.ftiake.any  par^ 
ticular  jinfweTy  lut,  fubfcribefh .  i/ti  Heart  to  ^ly 
Opinion.  D.VKUKY. 

From  all  this  it  is, manifcfl,ly  plain,  Jhsit. QueGn  ,EUziabeth  Je- 
flgned  to  h^Vj^  h^d  ou|:  Qucep  sli^patche4  privardy,  either  bjtl^cfe 
two  who  wei;e,l>er,iiiCc^p/cr.s,  01;  ibyfome  others;  but  not  hndin'g  any 
fo  wicked,  as  to  undertake  it,  flifc  was  oblieed  to  do  it  publiclcly> 
1^  accordingly  ^^,/vJr;,/)jw/o«  has  Ql^ferv^ed,  flie  figned  a  vyarranr, 
'u'hiclT*pjii^  Mn^^i;,  the;  5r9at  3ea)i  of|  $pglfind^  fpr  tryipg  pf  her  ;,and 
«  PfQtiiiW-awoft  WR5 iillucd  ouf^   fucmnoning ibi nuny  o( thcBtglifi 

R  r  r  r  Nobility^ 


941  The.  Ltfe  of  MA KY,  Gjuccn  o/ Scotland  Vol.  \\\. 

Nobility'  to  be  her  Judges ;  which   Proclamation  Mr.  Vdal  has  at 


An.  i]8«. 


leneth  {a)  in  the  Lite  of  this  Illuftrious  Queen. 

Thefe  or  moft  of  them  came  to  Fothnn^aj  Ca/llc  in  Nurthamp^ 
ton  Shire,  upon  the  ii  Day  o(  Odloher,  where  our  Illuftrioiis  (^uecii 
was  then  (as  we  have  faidj  Prifoncr,  the  next  Day  the  Cominilfio- 
ners  fent  unto  her  Sir  W(ilter  Mildmayy  Sir  Amias  Powlet,  and  £cl^ 
ivard  'Barker  a  Publi(;;k  Notary,  with  a  Letter  from  the  Queen  of 
England  to  her ;  wherein  fhe  told  her,  That  pie  had  given  a  Corn- 
znijjion  to  her  Counjellors  of  State  to  hear  her  in  Judgment,  upon  the 
Fads  of  which  Jhe  zoas  accufed.  Wliich  (he  having  read  with  a  fc- 
rcne  and  majeftick  Countenance,    addrelfed  her  Telf  to  them  and 

faid  (I;). 

"  I  am  much  affli(5led,  that  my  dear  Sifter  the  Queen,  fliould 
«♦  be  fo  ill  informed  of  me,  and  that  having  been  i'o  many  Years 
♦'  moft  ftridly  guarded ;  which  amongft  other  Things  has  brought 
"  upon  me  a  Numnefs  in  my  Limbs  ;  the  many  fair  Conditions 
"  wnich  I  have  offered  for  my  Liberty  have  been  negledled,  and 
"my  fclf  abandoned,  I  have  fufficiently  advertifed  her  of  divcrfc 
"  Dangers,  and  yet  ftie  never  would  believe  me ;  but  hath  alwife 
"  undervalued  me,  although  I  am  the  neareftto  her  in  Blood,  when 
"  the  Aftbciation  was  made,  and  when  it  was  confirmed  in  the  Par« 
*'  liamcnt,  I  forefaw,  that  whatfoever  Accident  did  arrive  eitlier 
**  \^ithout  the  Kingdom,  by  foreign  Princes  Abroad,  or  within  the 
"'Kingdom,  by  harbouring  of  Fellows  for  the  Caufe  of  Religion, 
•*  I  ftiould  pay  dearly  for  it.  I  having  fo  many  deadly  Enemies  at 
"  Court.  I  have  Reafon  to  take  it  in  evil  part,  That  a  League  was 
**  made  with  my  Son  without  my  Knowledge  ;  but  I  fhall  not  infift 
**  upon  it  at  this  Time,  but  to  come  to  this  Letter,  it  fc^ems  ftrange 
"  to  me,  that  the  Queen  ftiould  command  mc  as  if  I  were  her  Sud- 
"  jeft  tocome  unto  a  Trial,  I  am  an  abfolutc  Queen,  neither  will  I 
"  do  or  commit  any  Thing  to  the  Prejudice  of  the  Royal  Majefty 
♦'  of  Kings  and  Princes  of  my  Place  and  Rank ;  and  efpecially  to  the 
*'  Prejudice  of  my  Son,  my  Courage  is  not  yet  abated,  nor  will  I 
"  ever  ftoop  unworthily  under  my  Calamity ;  I  refer  my  felf  for 
"  thofe  Things  which  I  protefted  before  Bromly  and  the  Lord  De  U 
"  loare,  the  Laws  and  Statutes  oi England  are  to  me  utterly  unknown  j 
"  I  am  deftitute  of  Counfellors,  and  I  tell  you  plainly,  I  know  none 
"  that  can  be  my  Peers,  my  Papers  and  Notes  of  Remembrance  are 
"  taken  from  me,  there  is  none  that  dares  plead  or  fpeak  in  my 
"  Caufe,  I  am  free  from  all  OfTence  againft  the  Queen,  neither 
"  ihould  I  be  called  in  Queftion,  but  upon  mine  own  Word  or  Wri- 
"•  ting  ;  which  can  never  be  brought  againft  me,  neither  do  I  deny, 
"  but  that  I  have  commended  my  felf  and  Caufe  to  foreign  Prin- 
«  ces  ". 

The  next  Day  Sir  Amias  Pozvlet  and  Barker  were  fent  to  her  by 
the  Commiftioners,  to  know  if  fhe  approved  of  what  fhe  had  faid 
the  Day  before,    and  it  was  read  to  her,   which  haviiig  heard,  (he 

adhered 


(4)  Ml,  Ud*ri  Life  orQi.M>ry,  F>st  }}?•    V^  '^k><i>  f*K«  3<«> 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  of  MARY,  'Glueen  of  Scotland.  j^.^ 

adiieicd  to  it  ;    but  withal  told  them,   "  That  fhe  did  remember  ]>;^^ 
*'  one  Thing  which  fhe  defired  them  tojput  in ;  and  that  was,  where-  '^vW 
"  as  the  Queen  hath  written  that  I  am  fubjedl  and  liable  to  die  Laws 
*'  of  England,  and  am  to  be  judged  by  diem,    becaufe  I  live   un- 
"  der  the  Protedlion  of  them.     /  anfwer.  That  I  came  into  Emland 
*'  to  ask  and  crave  Aid  and  Help;   from  which  Time  I  have  been 
*'  detain'd  and  kept  in  Prifon,    and  therefore  could  nor  enjoy  the 
*'  Proteftion  and  Benefit  of  the  Xaws  of  England^  and  hitherto  I 
"  could  not  be  informed  by  any  Body  what  the  Laws  of  Enaland 
"were".  ^ 

In  the  Afternoon,  the  fame  Day,  the  Chancellor  and  the  Trea  • 
furer  came  to  wait  upon  her,  and  having  read  their  Commidion^ 
the  Chancellor  told  her,  That  neither  Captivity  nor  the  Prerogative 
of  Royal  Majefty,  could  exempt  her  from  being  tried  by  the  Laws 
of  England.^  and  therefore  exhorted  rier  calmly  to  hear  what  was  to 
be  laid  to  her  Charge,  and  if  fhe  did  it  not,  they  were  refolved 
to  proceed  againft  her  according  to  Law,  whether  fhe  would  or 
not.  To  tliis  fhe  anfwered,  "  That  fhe  was  not  a  Subjecft,  and 
"  would  rather  die  a  thoufand  Deaths,  than  own  her  felf  as  fuch 
"  fince  by  it  fhe  would  wrong  all  Majefty,  and  confefs  her  felf  bound 
"  to  the  Laws  of  England,  even  in  Matters  of  Religion  •  but  fhe 
"  was  willing  to  anfwer  as  a  Sovereign  and  Abfolute  Princefs  ought 
*«  to  do,  and  fince  by  the  very  Tenor  of  their  Letters,  which  they 
•'  had  read,  it  plainly  appeared,  that  they  had  condemned  her  be- 
**  fore  ever  they  had  heard  her;  and  that  now  they  were  only  dome 
*'  to  amufe  the  World  with  a  fham  Procedure  of  Jufticc  :  But  fhe  in* 
•*  treated  them  to  con.fult  their  own  Confcierices,  and  to  remem- 
"  ter,  that  the  Theatre  of  the  World  was  of  a  larger  Extent  than 
"  that  of  England ;  laying  afide  the,  dreadful  Tribunal  of  God,  be* 
"  fore  which  they  were  to  anfwer  for  all  their  AcfVions  ".  At  length* 
after  feveral  Altercations  betwixt  her  and  them  concerning  the  Le- 
gality of  tlieir  Authority,  (which  iKe  abfolutely  declined)  they  par- 
ted with  her,  affurin^  her,  That  the  next  Day  they  woiUd  proceed 
to  pafs  Sentence  againft  her. 

Yhe  next  Day,  being  the  14th  of  OtJo^rr,  flierentforfomcof  the 
GommifTioners,  and  .told  them,  That  if  her  Proteftation  was  ad» 
niicted,  fhe  would  couie  and  juftifie  herfelf  j  which  fhe  could  not 
do  otherwife,  without  prejudicing  the  Royal  Dignity,  This  being 
granted  ;o  her,  they  met  in  the  Chamber  of  Prefence,  where  there 
was  a  chair  of  State,  fet  under  a  Canopy,  in  the  upper  Part  of  the 
Chamber,  for  the  Qpcen  o(  England;  and  oppofiteto  it,  a  Chair 
of  Crimfon  Velvet,  for  the  Qyeen  of  Scotland:  Hard  to  the  Wall^ 
on  bod)  Sides,  Benches  or  Forms,  on  the  which,  on  the  one  Side, 
fat  tlie  Chancellor  of  England,  the  Trealurcrof  £«^/tf;7^  j  the  EaVl^ 
oi  Oxford,  Kent,  Derby,  Worcefier,  Rutland,  Cumberland,  Warwick^ 
Peml/roke,  Lincoln^  and  Vifcount  Mont  acute :  On  the  other  Side, 
the  Lordii  jiberve'vcnny^  Zouch,  Morlej^  Stafford^  Qrty>  EH^^ey^ 
Sturton,  Sandsy  mritworth,  Mordanty  5t.  John  of  BUtfo^    Comfton 

KiJii  I  and 


Ak   iftS. 


^44  The  Lift  gf  M  A  R  Y,  £gff^  g/  Scotland. Vol.  ID 

and  C/;f/>y  •  ^^^^  ^^  them'  fat  the  Knights  of  the  Privy  Council  ; 
as  f^'f»es  Crofts,  Crippher  Hat  ton,  Francis  Walfinghajn,  Ralph 
Sadler,  Walter  Mildmy  and  j4rfiias  pAivict.  Forward  before  the  Earls 
fat  the  two  Chief  Jufticcs  and  theChief  Baron  of  the  Hxchcgucr:  On 
the  other  Side,  two  Barons  and  other  Jufliccs ;  Vale  ^uiMvord,T)o- 
dlors  of  the  Civil  Law.  At  a  little  Table  in  the  Middle,  fat  Touhaw, 
Queen  EHz^aktl/s  Attorney,  Egerton  the  Solicitor,  Caiutte  the 
Queen's  Serjeant  at  Law,  the  Cleric  of  the  Crown,  and  two  other 
Clerks.  The  Queen  being  come  and  fet  in  her  Chair;  Silence  bc- 
inf  made,  Brofiley  the  Chancellor  turning  towards  her,  faid, 

^MADAM,  The  rnofi  llluftrious  ^een  e/ England  being  ajjurdy 
not  without  extream  Jnguijh  of  Spirit,  that  yon  ha-ve  confpired  the 
^eftrudionof  her,  of  the  Realm  of  England  and  of  Religion:  To 
auit  her  {elf  of  her  Duty,  and  not  to  he  found  wanting  to  God,  her  [elf 
fl'nd  her  People,  hath,  without  dny  Malice  of  Heart,  ejlahlijhed  tbofe 
Commifsioners  to  hear  (he  Things  of  which  you  are  accusd,  how  yon 
zvill  refohe  them  and  clear  your  Innocence-     To  which  flie  made  this 

Reply-  r  ■  r  ■ 

If  the  ^eenmj  Sifter  hath  gtvfn  you  a  Commtjston  tojee  JuJIice 

done,  it  is  reajonMe  thai' you  Jhould  begin  it  rather  by  eafmg  me  of  my 
Sufferings, '  then  bj  the  opprefsmg'  of  my  Innocence.     I  came  into  Eng- 
land to  mphh  StlcCour'  agdinft  the  Rebellion  of  my  Sub  jeSls :  Mj  Bloody 
alliance,  iex:.  Neighbourhood,  and  the  Title  which  I  bear'  of  d  ^ffw, 
dtdfromife  me  all  Satis faB ion :  and  here  I  hanje  met  with  my  great ejl 
ylfHiffion.     This  is  the  Twentieth  Tear  that  Ihanje  been  detain  dPri- 
foner,  without  Caufe,  without  Reafon,  without  Mercy ;  and  which  is 
^ore,  ■  without  Hope.     I  am  no  Stibje^  of  your  Mijlrejss,    but  a  free 
md  abfolute  Queen  r  and  ought  not  to  make  anfwer  but  to  God  alone j 
the  Sovereighjudge  of  my  ^^lons',  of  bring  any  Prejudice  to  the  Cha- 
taiier  of  Royal  e^aiefy,  either  in  fhy  Son  the  King  of  Scotland  or 
his  Succefjors,  nor  other  Sovereign  Princes  of  the  Earth.     This  is  the 
Proteftatton  which  I  hdve  made, '  and  which  J  repete  again  in  your  Pre- 
fertce,  before  I  make  any  jinfwer  to  what  you  have  to  [ay  again fi  me. 
The  Chancellor  oppofcd  the  Admitting  of  her  Proteflation;  but 
the  Commidioners  voted,  that  both  her  Proteftation  and  the  Chan- 
cellor's E^iflfent  fhould  be  recorded.      Then  Gaudie  expounded  all 
the  Parts  of  the  Ad:  upon  which  they  were  to  proceed  againft  her, 
and  gave  along  Narrative  of  Babingtons  Conlpiracyj    concluding', 
That  Queen  dpidary  not  only  knew  of  it,    but  concurred  with  him 
in  it,  as  it  appeared  from  her  Letter  to  Babirtgton,  and  the  Confef^ 
fion  oi  her  own  Secretaries :  That  fhe  had  engaged  foreign  Princes 
to  invade  England,  and  promifcd  and  wrote  to  Mendoxi,a  the  Spa- 
ftijh  Ambaflador,  That  fhe  would  transfer  the  Right  of  the  Kingdom 
of  Scotland  to  his  Mafter,      To  all  which  fhe  made  particular  Re- 
plies,   anfweriiTg  all  their  Obje(5bions  and    enfnaring    Queflions  j 
which  are  to  be  feen  at  length  in  Mr.  Vdal  and  Cambden,  (j)  taken 
from  the  Commentaries  of  Edward  barker,   principal  Rcgifler  t(y 


<<)  S«  Udili  l.«f» of  Q;  M«yi   *<"•  C»inW|n'«  of  Q-  Elmbeth. 


Vo'.  Hi. The  Life  of  MAR  Y,   i^een  0/   Scug.ji^T'  ] 

Qiiccn  Eliz^ahetb.,  Thomas  Wheeler^  a  publick  Notar)-,  Regifteiot  a"^,^;;* 
the  Audience  oi'  Canterbury,  and  other  Perfons  who  were  prcfent : '^^'Vv 
The  Sum  and  Siibftancc  of  which  is,  That,  as  for  Babington,  luho 
was  the  principal  Perjon  in  the  Charge  again  ft  her;  ft^e  never  Jaw 
htm,  or  received  any  Letters  from  htm,  or  fent  any  Letters  to  him  'y 
le^rfes.  J]:e  had  always  juch  anoAverfion  dgainft  (^^urdering  and 
(^Ittr  I.erers,  that  the  very  Mentioning  of  the  Tl)ing  zvas  a  Terror  to 
htr  :  Tts  true  that  Babington  might  have  writ  to^'her  what  he  plea' 
jed'^  but  thit  ever  fhe  \aw  or  heard  of  any  Letter  from  htm,  was  a 
notorious  Vntruth  :  aAnd  that  if  any  Letter  could  be  produc'd  under 
her  Hind  to  him,  not  with ftanding  that  had  been  often  counterfeitedy 
ft:e  dared  them  to  produce  it ,  and  this  fhe  [aid,  becaufe  Jhe  Was  in- 
formed that  WaUingham  had  wrote  the  faid  Letter  tn  her  Name. 
u4nd  as  to  BabingtonV  own  Confejfion  of  the  Matter  of  Fa6i;  'twas 
no  ftrange  Tiling  to  fee  a  <^an  under  the  Terrors  of  a  cruel  and  tor-' 
taring 'T)ejth,  confefs  more  than  he  knew  to  ftun  them:  But  as  fhe 
had  ftid,  If  they  could  produce  but  one  Letter  under  her  Hand  tohim^ 
fhe  Jhould  be  held  as  convinced.  u4nd  as  to  the  Fa£i  it  felf^  of  Con- 
jenting  to  the  Murdering  of  her  Sifler ;  She  told  them.  That  fhe  would 
not  conquer  a  Kingdom  with  the  Blood  of  the  vtleftTerfon  of  the  Na- 
tion, mui h  lefs  with  that  of  her  Sifter  and  Kinjwoman. 

And  as  to  che  Confcllion  of  her  two  Secretaries^  She  acknowledged 
that  ft  e  did  always  believe  them  to  be  hone  ft  Men  :  And  if  they  had 
accufed  her  in  their  Dcpofttions,  to  have  dilated  an  Anfwet  to  Ba-- 
h\w^xov\s  Letter,  they  had  committed  two  great  Faults ;  the  fir  ft,  in 
Violating  the  Oath  of  Secrecy  which  they  had  taken  to  her  at  their 
yddmijfion ;  and  idly,  in  Inventing  [0  deteftable  a  Calumny  againft 
her  their  Sovereign  and  their  Miftrijs  ;  And  all  that  can  be  drawn 
from  it,  amounts  to  no  more,  than  that  tt  comes  fr$m  two  perfidious 
oy'lden.  And,  0  good  God !  (fays  fhe)  in  zvhat  a  defperate  Condition 
is  the  (*^lajefty  and  Safety  of  Princes,  if  they  depend  upon  the  Writings 
and  Witnefes  of  their  Secretaries,  who  are  fub^ed  to  all  the  Frailties 
tfjat  other  e^en  are  fubje6t  to!  And  laftly.  Why  did  they  not  bring 
her  Secretaries  before  her,  to  atteft  it  in  her  Face ;  which  fhe  was  con-' 
ft  'ent  they  durft  not  do ;  But  (tays  flie)  you  are  noble  Lawyers  and 
fudgts,  to  put  Babington  to  death  without  bringing  him  before  me;  to 
open  his  c^outh  by  Torments  to  tell  a  Lie,  and  then  to  fhut  it  up  for 
ever  againft  the  Truth.  And  if  my  Secretaries  be  alive,  why  do  you 
not  {as  I  have  faid)  bring  them  before  me  ? 

And  as  to  the  Invading  oi  England ;.  I  acknozviedge  I  did  require 
the  Aid  and  <iA[ ft  fiance  of  foreign  Princes,  for  reftoring  we  to  my 
Libert;) ;  and  in  this,  I  think,  1  did  nothing  but  what  Nature  does  fug-^ 
gefi  to  every  one :  li^o  is  not  defirous  of  Liberty  that  are  in  Tliraldom  ? 
I  am  no  Subjeii  to  your  Ghteen ;  ■  I  have  been  thefe  fnnny  Tear's  her  Pri- 
foner  :  The  many  OftersThave  rnade  to  her  have  been  rejeded;  ■  my 
Sicknejjes  have  mcreafed  on  me,  and  I  have  been  denyd  Aid  and  AJ- 
fiftance  tn  them  :  And  is  tt  fuch  a  Crime  in  me  as  deferyes  joarCon-> 
Jiiderationf  to  defirc  to  be  Jet  at  Liberty  ?    And  laftly,  A/  to  the  Gi- 

S  fi  r  Vjng 


^4<^  The  Life  of  MARY,  Gljieen  o/"  Scotland.  Vol.  flf. 

J^f')^    ving  over  licr  Kingdom  to  the  K.  o( Spain ;    The  very  Mentioning  of 

*''V*<'    jt  is  a  Juffcint  Refutation  of  it :  I  had  not  my  own  Per  Jon  at  my  T;//- 

Vojal,  mtuh  lefs  my  Kingdom ;  hefides,  'tis  'very  well  knozun,    that  it 

is  not  in  my  Pozver  to  transfer  my  Kingdom^  which  is  an  Hereditary 

Kingdom,  and  of  right  belongs  to  my  own  Son  after  my  ^Dcath. 

And  here  I  muft  advcrtife  my  Reader,  That  as  to  tins  laft  Article, 
that  I  have  an  attcfted  Copy,  under  the  Englip  Commifl'jr's  f  lands, 
of  her  Letter  to  Mendoz^a,  wherein  fhe  promifes  to  transfer  the 
Kingdom  tohisMafter;  which  they  pretended  to  have  found,  with 
many  other  Letters,  when  they  feized  upon  iicr  Perfbn  and  all  her 
Papers :  All  which  attcfted  Copies  of  thefe  Letters,  I  had  from  the 
Rif;ht  Honourable  the  Earl  ot  Halcarras,  who  found  them  in  his 
Cliarter-cheft,  his  Grandfather  being  Secretary  to  Kin^  Tames;  and 
at  the  Defite  of  the  faid  Noble  Earl,  1  have  lodged  them  in  the 
Lawyers  Library.  Now,  I  leave  it  to  the  Reader  to  judge,  if  it  be 
any  ways  probable,  that  they  fhould  find  them  witli  her;  or  if  it 
be  more  reafonable  to  believe  them  than  Her,  who  when  they  were 
produc'd,  denied  them  to  be  any  of  Her's,  and  with  Her  dying 
Breath  affirmed.  That  fhe  had  never  done  any  Thing  that  was  pre- 
judicial either  to  the  Kingdom  or  her  Son. 

'  Yet,  notwitliftanding  of  which,  thev  having  all  met,  fa)s  Mr. 

*  {a)  Vdal,  {diV\n^i\\Q.Y.?i.\\s  o^  Shrewsbury  znd  Warwick^  who  were 

*  lick  ;    and  after  that  Navus  and  Curlus  had  affirmed  and  confir- 

*  med  before  them,  That  every  and  fingular  of  the  Letters  and  Co- 
'  pies  of  Letters  which  were  produc'd  before,  to  be  moft  true,  upon 

*  theii  Oaths,    'uiva  'voce,  voluntarily,    without  Hope  of  Reward ; 
The  s.n- '  the  Sentence  againfl;  the  Queen  of  Scotland  was  pronounced,  and 

rg"!^''Her, '  confirmed  with  the  Seals  and  Subfcriptions  of  the  Commiffioners, 

r.ab7Aa*  and  recorded  in  thefe  Words,    By  their  AJent,  Confent  and  ay^c- 

'  cord,  they  do  pronounce,  gi've  and  fay  their  Sentence  and  Judgmenr^ 

*  at  the  T>ay  and  Place  laft  rehear  fed :   That  after  the  End  of  the  a- 

*  forefaid  Sejfion  of  Parliament  fpectfied  tn  the  aforefaid  Commiffon^ 

*  viz.  after  the  aforefaid  Ftrft  T>ay  of  June,  in  the  l-fth  Tear  afore- 

*  faid,  and  before  the  Date  of  the  faid  Commiffion,   divers  Things 

*  ivere  imagined  and  compared  within  this  Realm  of  England,  by  An- 

*  thony  Babington,  zvith  the  Privacie  o/"Mary  §lneen  oy'' Scotland ; 

*  and  pretending  Title  to  the  Crown  of  this  Realm  of  England ;  tcnd- 

*  ing  to  the  Plurt,  Death  and  Defiru6iiion  of  the  Royal  P  erf  on  of  our 

*  Ladie  the  ^Jteen  :  For  all  which,  they  decern  her  zvorthie  of  Death. 

*  Of  this  Sentence,    which   depended   wholly  upon  the  Credit  of 

*  her  Secretaries ;  neither  were  they  brought  Face  to  Face,  accord- 
'  ing  to  the  Firft  Statute  of  the  13  Year  of  Qnzen  EHz^abeth,   there 

*  was  very  much  Speech  and  Difference  amongft  them;  fomc  judg- 

*  ing  them  worthy  of  Credit,  and  others  again,  unworthy  to  be  be- 

*  lieved.     I  have  feen  feen  the  Apology  of  Navus,  written  unto  K- 

*  fames  in  the  Year  i<5o5    in  the  which  ht  doth  laborioufly  excufc 
«  himfelf,  in  protefling.  That  he  was  neither  Author  nor  Perfwadcfr 

'  nor 


■f  I'lrUr 
Ihtat, 


(.«>  ijii;  01  <^»i»»/,  i'ige  40J,  Kc 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  of  MAKY,    Gltteen  of  Scotland.  ^^-^ 

*  nor  firfl  Difcoverer  of  that  Plot  or  Device;    neither  that  he  fail'd  '^^T^ 

*  at  all  in  his  Duty,  thro'  Negligence  or  Incircumfpcdtion ;  but  ra-  ^' 

*  ther  that  he  ftoutly  did  impugn  the  Heads  of  the  Accufation  a- 

*  gainft  his  Lady  this  Day:  Which  Thing  yet  dqth  not  apoear  hj 

*  the  publick  Records. "  .  Thus  far  Mr.  Vdai  And  Cambden,  in 
his  Life  of  Queen  Bliz^ahtth,  fays,  '  That  it  cannot  be  denied,  buc 
'  that  Walfmgham  did  break  up  the  Letters  which  Giffort  brought 

*  him,  counterfeiting  in  them  what  he  thought  fit ;  and  that  it  was 

*  thejudgmentofthemoft  rational  Men,  that  the  Secretaries  of  the 
'  Qiieen  of  Scotland,  were  feduced  and  corrupted  with  Money  ; 
«  and  it's  certain,  That  they  demanded  a  Recompenfe  of  Walfing- 
'  hame  ;  who  told  them.  That  they  ought  to  content  themfelves 
<  with  their  Lives  5  and  added,  That  in  condemning  their  Miflrifs; 
«  without  producing  WitnefTes,  they  had  not  proceeded  according 
'  to  the  Rules  of  Juftice.     Not  long  after  this,    a  Parliament  was 

*  'held  at  Weftminflcr,  who  approved  of,  and  confirmed  the  Sen- 
'  tence  paft  againll  i\\& Scots  Queen;  howfoever  it  was  fufpended 

*  for  three  Months,  during  which  Time  her  Son  King  James  VL 

*  laboured  carneftly  for '  her  Relief,  as  wc  fhall  fhow  in  tne  Life  of 
'  that  Prince". 

Our  Illuflrious  Queen  being  informed  of  the  Parliament's  confir- 
rninf^  their  Sentence,  wrote  the  following  Letter  to  Q.  Eliz,abeth. 

MADAM, 

I  give  Thanks  to  God  with  all  my  Heart)  who  by  the  Sentence  of 
Death,  hath  been  pleafed  to  put  an  End  to  the  tedious  Pilgri- 
ma<^e  of  my  Life,    I  defire  not  that  it  may  be  prolonged,  having 
ha  j'  too  long  a  Time  to  try  the  Bitterncfs  of  it.  I  only  befecch  your 
Maiefly,  fince  I  am  tp  expedl  no  Favour  from  fome  zealous  Mini- 
flers  of  State,  who  hold  the  firfl  Place  in  your  Councils,     I  may  re- 
ceive from  you  only,  and  from  no  other,  thefe  following  Favours. 
In  the  firfl  Place,  I  defire.  That  fince  it  is  allow'd  me,  to  hope  for 
a  Biirial  in  England,  that  I  may  be  decently  interred,  according  to 
the  Rites  and  Ceremonies  of  theCatholick  Church,  of  which  I  am 
a  Member,  and  in  which  Faith,  all  your  PrcdeccfTors  and  mine  li- 
ved and  died;  and  when  my  Enemies  are  fatisfied  with  thefhedding 
of  my  Blood,  That  my  Servants  may  be  allowed,  to  carry  my  Bones 
into  trance,  to  be  there  interred,  with  the  Bones  of  the  Queen  my 
mofl  Honoured  Mother.    Secondly,  I  befeech  your  Majefly,  in  the 
Apprehenfion  which  I  have  of  the  Tyranny  of  thofe  towhofePoxv- 
cr  you  abandon'  me,  That  I  may  nor  fuflfer  in  any  private  Place,  bup 
in  the  View  of  my  Servants  and  other  People ;  who  may  give  a  Te- 
ftimony  of  my  Faith,    and  of  my  Obedience  to  the  true  Church, 
and  defend  this  Period  of  my  life, ,  againft  the  falfe  Reports  which 
my  Adverfaries  may  contrive  againfl  me.     In  the  third  Place,  I  re- 
quire, That  my  Servants  who  have  attended  on  mc,  with  great  Fi- 
delity,    during  fo  many  Affli^ions,   mav  have  free  Leave  to  retire 
%ljei6  xJ)C/  plciifc,  and  enjoy  thofe  fmall  Legacicsy  which  in  my  laft 


348  The  Lift  of  MARY,  blueen  of  Scotland.  Vol.  HI 

A^^.  Will,  my  Poverty  hatli  bcqueatlicd  to  them.  I  conjufe  you,  Ma- 
^^"V^  dam,  by  the  Blood  of  Jcfus  Chrift,  by  the  Ncamcfsof  our  Confan- 
puiniry,  by  the  Memory  of  Henry  the  yth  our  common  Father,  and 
bv  the  Title  of  a  Qiieen,  which  1  carry  to  niy  (iravc,  not  to  deny 
me  thcfe  reafonable  Demands,  but  by  one  Word  under  your  Hand, 
to  grant  me  an  AlTurance  of  them,  and  I  {hall  die  as  I  lived, 

Your  moft  affe(5lionate  Sifltr, 

ts^MyiRT  R. 

At  length  Queen  EHz^abeth  gave  Orders  to  put  iier  Prifoner, 
our  Illuftrious  Queen,  to  Death  j  and  how  Die  behaved  at  that 
Time,  I  fhall  give  the  Reader  a  particular  Account  of,  from  a  Re- 
lation wrote  by  an  Eye  Witnefs,  by  Secretary  Cectts  Command,  and 
from  a  printed  Relation  of  another  Eye  Wiincfs,  printed  at  Antwerp 
the  Year  after. 

It  being  certified  ro  her  on  the  6i\\  of  February  1587,    by  the 

Earls  of  Kent  and  Shreiusburry^    Sir  j4mias  Toivlet,  and  Sir  T)rw 

Mec  B.h..  TSyuyyj^  That  (he  was  to  prepare  her  felt  to  die  on  the  8th  of  Febrtta- 

wiour  ti  her  *^'      J'^  ,  *^r  ,,  ■        i     \       \  i    rr  -i 

De.th,  y.y-  (he  fcemed  noways  concerned,  but  received  the  Meflage  with  a 
Smile,  and  laid,  Tl^at  Death  was  zvelcome  to  her,  fince  her  Majejiy 
lOOPtld  have  it  fo  ;  and  [a)  that  Soul  is  unworthie  of  the  Fruition  of 
the  Joys  of  Heaven  for  ever,  zuhoje  Bodte  tn  this  li'orld,  zvould  not 
be  content,  to  endure  the  Stroke  0/ the  Executioner  for  a  a^loment. 
Then  (he  defired.  That  fhe  might  have  the  Liberty  to.  confer  with 
her  Confeftor,  about  the  State  of  her  Soul,  arid  with  a^elvin  her 
Steward,  concerning  her  Teflament.  And  required,  That  fhe  might 
have  fome  longer  Time  allowed  her  to  put  ner  Affairs  in  order  : 
"But  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury  replied,  No,  No,  Madam  you  mufl 
die,  you  mufl  die,  and  we  cannot  grant  longer  Delay,  nor  your 
ConfefTor  ;  but  we  fhall  fend  you  tiie  Dean  of  Peterburrou/h  :  But 
fhe  would  not  hear  of  him,  and  fo  they  left  her.  When  they  were 
gone,  fhe  commanded  them  to  make  Hafle  with  her  Supper,  and 
fhe  fuppcd  fparin^ly  ;  but  after  the  fame  Manner  that  fhe  ufually 
did.  In  Time  of^iipper,  perceiving  her  Servants  all  in  Tears,  with 
an  undaunted  Mind,  fhe  exhorted  them  to  be  chearful,  and  father 
to  rejoice  than  mourn,  for  fhe  was  now  to  be  freed  from  all  het 
Sorrows  and  Troubles.  Then  calling  for  a  Glafs  of  Wine,  fhe 
drank  to  them  all,  and  made  each  of  tiiem  pledge  her ;  which  they 
did  upon  their  Knees,  mingling  their  Tears  witli  their  Wine,  and 
begging  Pardon  for  the  Neglect  of  their  Duty.  After  Supper  fhe 
read  over  her  Teflament,  and  the  Inventary  of  iier  Goods  and 
Moveables,  and  wrote  on  them,  the  Names  of  thofe  to  whom  fhe 
appointed  them ;  and  the  Gold  and  Silver  that  fhe  had,  fhe  put  in 
different  PuiCcs,  according  to  the  Number  of  her  Servants,  and 
according  to  their  Merits  and  Qualities,  and  diflributcd  it  amongfl 

them. 


(<)    Tho  ReUrton  iojCltil,  <o  CrawfoorJ'i  ColljOlon.. 


ybl.  ni  The  Life  of  MARY,  ^ ueen  of  Scotland.  ^c; 

them.     Then  flie  called  for  Peii  Ink  and  Paper,    and  wrote  ro  her  rww 
Son,  the  King  of /r^w^,  the'C7«//a,  and  a  Lettef  to  her  Conf^lTor,   vv^^ 
to  pray  to  God  for  h^r.     After  this  fhe  went  to  Bed,    and'  fleepc 
loundly  for  fome  Hours,    and  the  reft  of  the  Night  /he  fpehc  m 
Prayer.     The  fatal  Day  being  come,  betwixt  8  and  9  in  the  Mor- 
ning fhe  was  advertifed,  by  Thomas  ^ndrezvs  Sheriff  of  the  Shire 
whilft  fhe  was  at  her  Prayers,  that  the  Hour  was  come  :   Upon  which 
fhe  immediately  arofc  and  went  aldngft  with  him.     R.  ly.  the  Au- 
thor of  the  Narration  wrote  by  Secretary  Cecits  Command,  which 
is  amongft  MuCrawfor-d's  CoUfedlions  in  the  Lawyers  Library,  ojves 
Us  this  Account  of  Her:    '  She  appeared  (fays  he)  on  the  Day  ap- 
'  pointed ;    being  tall  of  Body/  corpulent,  round-fhoulder'd  /  her 

*  Face  fat  and  broad,  double-chin'd  and  ha2le-eyed,  her  borrowed 

*  Hair  brdwn.     Her  Attire  was)  She  had  on  her  Head  a  Dreffing of 

*  Lawn,  edged  with  Bonlace,    a  Pomander  Chain  and  an   y^^nus 

*  Dei  about  her  Neck  j  a  Grucifi)^  in  her  Hand,  and  a  Pair  of  Beads 

*  at  her  Girdle,  with  a  golderi  C.rofs  at  the  End  of  them  ;    a  Veil 

*  of  Lawn  faftned  to  her  Caul^'  bowed  out  with  Wire,    and  edrred 

*  round  about  with  Bonlace;  her  Gown  was  of  Black  Sattin  prihred 

*  with  a  Train,  and  long  Sleeves  to  the  Ground,   fett  with  Accorn 

*  Burtons  of  Jett,  trimm'd  with  Pearl,  and  fhort  Sleeves  of  blac^cut 
«  Satttin,',  with  a  Pair' (if  Sleeves  of  Purple-velvet  whole;  under 
'  theni  heriKirtle,  whole  of  figured  black  Sattin ;  her  Pettiiat  Up'- 
'  per-bodf  ufilac^ed  in  die  Back,  of  Crimfon  Sattin,  and  her  Petticoat 
«  Skirts  of  Crimfon  Velvet;  her  Shoes  of  J);^«/7Z»  Leather,  with  the 
«■  rbugh'Side^outwtirds,'  a  Pair  of  green;  Silk  Garters ;  her  nether 
'  StockingsWbrftedcoloui'ed,  watched' and  clack'd  with  Silver,  and 

*  edg^d'oii  the  Tdb'witli  Silver;  and  next  her  Lee,  a  Pair  of^  fer- 

*  fey  UoCdWne}  'T^hiis  attired  fhe  went  chearful^  ro  the  Place  of 

*  Execution,-  being  gently  fupported  by  tvia  o(  S\r  Jmiar  Pozvlef's 
"  ehief  Geiltl'^mcn;''  iMr.  oAndrews  the  High  Sheriff  going  before 
'  her.'    ShfcWs  met' at'the  Great  Hall  by  tne'two  Earls  and  all  the 

*  reft. 

At  the 'Entry  to.  the  Hall,  ihe  found  her  Servant  c5Wf/t;/7  kneel- 
ing, who,  all  in  Tearls,>addreftcd  her  thus^;  <iAhM(idam1  Unhap- 
py me,  what  Man  oh  Earth  was^civer  before  tile  MelTenger  of  fuch 
important' Sorrow  dfid  Heavincfs  as  I  fhiiU  be, ,  when. L  report  that 
my  go6d  ahd  gracibif!?Q.ueen-and  Miftfifs  is  beheaded  irt  £«//;,««'/ 
Alia  tlier^  he  ftopt,  not  being'  able  tt»  fay  more  for  Weeping.  Then 
fhcfaid  to  hiiVi,  My  good  Servant^  ceafe  to  lamerir";  for  thou Hafl 
Gaiife  rather  to  rQJo^Ce  thaft  mdurh,  fdi^  nol^  thoii  fhait  fee  I\/hry 
i>«/Jrf's  Troubles  receive  their  I'ohg  expelled  £nd  ;  Yor  kriow,  my 
good  Servant," that  all ih(?  Wbrtd  is  but  Vanity,  and  (fiBje'dffi'ilftO 
rrjdre  Sorrow  than  an'Ocean  of  Tears  cari  btwiil  I  But  I  pray  the?, 
^ari'y  this  Meftagef^i^m  me,  That ^  I  d6  die  a  true  Woman' to  my 
fldljgidri,  !4nd  like  a^ c?rtii(i6i  ScotUhd  and  Prance.  BfitGod'fbt- 
giVc  theiVi  thai!  have  Johg'defircd  my  Lifc^hd  thiff^ed  fpr  ftty^Blood,' 
anhc^Hmidbth'for'thc'Wate^yrooks:    q  Godf  thoir  who  in  the 

T  1 1  c  Au- 


^^o 


The  Life  of  UKKX,  Gluten  of  Scotland  V(,|.  |(f. 


f^'^'^^     Author  of  Truth  and  Truth  icfelt,  .  lyiows  t!»e  inward  Chamber  o£ 
^J"^^     mvThougl^s,  how  that  I  was    ever,  .willing  thac  J'c:o//<r/;^y  and  En^-^ 
land  fhould  be  united  together.     Well!  com/nend  me  to  my  Son, 
and  tell  him,  That  I  have  done  nothing  prejudicial  to  the  State  and 
Kingdom  of  Scotland.     Good  Mehtll  farewell ;  and  tlien  flic  L'.avo 
him  her  Hand  to  kifs,  and  was  obferv'd  to  drop  fome  Tears  Cwliicli 
\vas  thought  to  proceed  from  the  Mentioning  of  her  Son.^    Thco 
(he  faid  again,  Good  Mehil^  farewell,  and  pray  for  thy  Miftrisand 
Queen.     Then  turning  to  the  Lords,  ihe  told  them,  that  fhc  iiad 
fome  few  Things  to  ask  of  them)   One  was  for  a  Sum  of  Money, 
which,  (he  faid,  Sir  jirnias  Powlef  knew  fhe  owed  to  one  Curl  her 
Servant:    Next,  That  her  poor  Servants   might  have,   and  enjoy 
with  Quietnefs,  what  fhe  had  given  them  by  her  Will  and  Tefla- 
ment;    That  they  might  be  favourably  treated,    and  fcnt  fafely  to 
their  rerpe(5f  ive  Countries :  And  laflly,  That  her  poor  Servants  might: 
be  permitted  to  be  prefent  at  her  Death  ,;   that  their  Eyes  might  he* 
hold  and  their  Hearts  be  Witneffes,  how  patiently  their  Queen  and 
Miflris  fhould  endure  her  Execution,  that  thereby  they  mij^ht  be  a- 
ble  to  make  a  Relation,   when  they  came  to  their  own  Countries^ 
how  fhe  died  a  true  conf\ant  Catholick  to  her  Religion.     The  Earl 
oi  Kent  told  her,  That  if  that  were  granted,  either  by  their  Speech- 
es or  Pra(flicc,  they  might  do  Things  that  were  not  fitting  for  them 
to  allow,  if  it  were  no  more  than  the  fuperflitious  Trumperv  of  dip- 
ping their  Handerchiefs  in  her  Blood.      To  which  fhe  replied,  My 
lord,  I  will  give  my  Word  (altho'  it  be  but  dead)  that  they  fhall 
not  defervc  any  Blame  in  any  of  the  Adlions  you  have  named;  but 
alas!  poor  Souls,  it  would  do  them  good  to  bid  their  Miflrifs  Farej 
well:  And  1 1  hope  your  Miflris,  beine  a  Maiden-Queen,  will  vouch- 
iab,  in  regard  of  Womanhood^    that  I  fjiould  have  fome  of  my 
own  People  about  me  at  my  Death  :    And  I  know  her  Majefly  hatli 
not  given  you  any  fuch  And:  Command,  but  that  you  might  grant 
me  a  Requell  of  a  far  greater  Courtefy  than  this,  tho'  I  were  a  Wo- 
man of  a  far  meaner  Station  than  the  Queen  of  Scotland  is :    And 
perceiving  that  fhe  was  not  like  to  obtain  it,  fhe  burfl  forth  in  Tears, 
faying,    /  am  Coufm  to  your  §ueeny   and  descended  from  yoitr  Blood 
J?oy(7/ Henry  VIl  and  a  married  Qjieen  o/' France,  and  an  anoint edy 
^«f^»  o/"  Scotland  :    Then  the  Lords,  after  feveral  Confultations 

f  ranted  her  Requeft,  and  defired  her  to  choofe  a  few  of  her  own 
ervants:  And  fhe  made  choice  of  Mehil^  her  Phyfician  and  her 
Apothecary,  her  Surgeon  and  another  old  Man  y  and  of  her  Wo- 
men, two  that  us'd  flill  to  lie  in  the  Room  with  her.  Then,  fup- 
ported  by  Sir  oAmias  Poivlet's  two  Servants,  and  Mehil  carrying 
up,  her  Train,  fhe  went  into  the  Great  Hall  with  an  unparallel'd  Cou- 
rage and  Serenity  of  Countenance;  the  Sheriff,  Lords,  Knights  and 
Gentlemen  going  before  her.  She  went  up  to  the  Scaffold,  which 
was  two  Foot  high,  and  twelve  Foot  broad,  with  Rails  round  abour, 
hung  and  covered  with  Black,  with  alowChair  andaCufhion;  the 
Block  was  likewife  ^ovQrcd  with  Black :  Then  fhe  having  the  Chair 

brought 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  o/MAKY,   Q^uein  of  5c6tland-.  "^ JJ} 

bQuglu  to  her,  fliefac  down,  and  on  her  Kight-hand  flood  ,  tlio 
,l:arls  oi  Kent  and  Shrewsbury,  and  on  her  Left  Mr.  Jndrews  i\\q 
ShcrifT,  and  oppofite  to  her  the  two  Executioners, '  and  rounj  the 
Kails  a  great  many  Knights,  Gentlemen  and  others  :  Silence  being 
made,  Qiieen  tliz,abet)js  tommiflion  for  the  Execution,  was  read 
by  Mr.  Sf.jf/ Clerk  of  the  Council ;  and  after  it  was  done,  all  the 
People  with  a  loud  Voice  cried,  God  Jave  the  Qjteen.  During  the 
reading  of  the  Commiflion,  fhe  was  very  filent,  lillning  to  it  withfb 
carelels  a  Regard,  and  fuch  acliearful  Countenance,  as  if  it  had 
been  a  Rcmiffion  to  her.  ,  .  /     , 

Then  Docftor  fletcher.  Dcin  of  Peter i^orou^h,  flandin{»  diredlly  be^' 
fore  her,    without  the  Kails,    bending  his  Body  with^great  Keve- 
rence,   gave  her  a  long  Exhortation  j    which  fhe  interrupted  three 
•f  i.nes,  by  telling  hiiii,  Mr.  Dean,  do  hot  Trouble  yourfelfor  me,  for 
kfjo-v,  that  jam  fettled  in  the  ancient  Catholick  ^  Roman  Reliaton;  iri 
Defence  zchereof,  bj  Cod's  Grace,  J  wind  iofpend  my  Bloodi    And  not- 
witiiflanding  of  the  earneft  SoUicitations  of  the  Dean,  backed  with 
that  of  the  two  Earls,  fhe  would  not  join  in  Prayer  with  them,  buc 
pray*d  aloud  in  Latin  all  the  Time ;  and  when  the  Dean  was  donc< 
flie  kncel'd  and  pray'd  in  Englifh,  for  Chrifl's  affli(fl:ed  Church,  for 
(^ueen  Eliz,.ibeth  and  her  Son  :  Then  holding  up  the  Crucifix  whicli 
flie  had  in  her  Hand,  flie  faid,  *J"W  /he  hoped  to  befaved  in,  and 
b)  the  Blood  of  Jefns  Chrifl,  at  the  Foot  ofzvhofe  Crucifix  Jhe  zvould 
fhtd  her  Blood.  After  Praj'er  fhe  kifted  the  Crucifix,  and  figningher 
felf  with  t(ie  Ciofs,  fhe  faid.  Even  as  thy  zArms  Jefus  C^rift  was. 
Jpread  here  upo^  the  Crofs^  Jo  receive  me,  I  befeech'thee,  in  the  Arms 
of  thy  Mercy,'  and  forgive  me  all  my  Sins. .,  Then  forgiving  the  jgxe- 
cutioners,  and  all  her' Enemies,  fhe  haftncd  her  Maids  to  taJce  of  her 
upper  Garments,'  and  finding  that  they  could  not  refrain  frorri  Weep- 
ing mofl  bitterly,    arid  crying  ^Idud,    ihe  gently^  reproved   them, 
faying.  She  had  paft^her  Word  for  them     And  then  fignihg  theni  witli 
the  Crdfs,  Iheenibfaced  them,  IcifTed  them,  and  with  aSmile^bad 
them  Piiirewell. '  rHjeV  Face  being  covered  with  a  Llnnen  Cloath,  fhe 
laid  hef  Head  down  Ut)oh  the  Block,  fhe  repeated  aloud  the  2ifl 
Pfalm,  In  the  O  Lord  1  put  myfru^ ;  and  ftretchingoui;  her  Arm?, 
altfer  Iljie  had  fepcjated  the  whole  Pfalm,    repeating  again  tjie  5th 
Vafe,  Vhtb  tioirie  }4apds  0  Lord  I  commit  my  Spirit,  thou  hafl  rc- 
detnied  frie,  O  Lord  God. of  Truth  i   [Which  was^  tjie  Sign  tha,t  fhe 
j|ppoint<?d  for  thd  Executionei' i  who  gave  her  thVee,  Strokes  with  tW 
Ax,  before  he  fepal'i'ted  her ;  Head  from 'Her  Body,,  -llicn  taking  jip 
tile  Head,  he  fhowed  it  ppehly  all  full  of  Blood,  .arid  mangled  w^th 
the  Strokes  he  had  given  it,  yet ftill  carrying  thofe  attractive GKarais 
<if  BeaCity  and  Mijcfty,  that  wefe  (6  confptc'uous  m  her ;  j^rid  with 
a  loud  Voicci  he  laid,  i!>o«/  't!ive  Qj*eenEi\zsL\?ej:\i^';  and  J9  let  thf 
Entmtes  bf  the  Gofpft\perl{h\ '\imca  Words  were  repeated  bv  the 
Dean  and  rhe'twdl^aHsV  for  dl  tlie  teft  of  ihc'Sp?(5la'tb>s  vwe 
difrolv^d'  iW.Tw^$;;'fdr  ajii(ingfVthefTi'aIl,  there  were  hot  above  foui 
able  td' contain  th'eriiielvfes'Aoni  weepir/jg  tooft  bitierfy  j   yet  amidft 

t  c  ( t  Zi  tbcil 


551  The  Lift  0/  MARY,  Clj4een  of  Scotland  Vol.  Ill 

Ai;:^^»     tl^gjf  Pears,  f>ie  fhowcd  fuch  a  Serenity' and  Firmncfs  of"  Soul,    that 
^^*^    is  hard  to  be  imitated,  telling  the  Spectators  witli  a  Smile,    when 
her  Maids  >vere  undrelling  her  for  her  Execution,  TIjat  it  was  a  new 
Spectacle y  to' behold  a  Qjjeen  brought  to  die  upon  a  Scaffold;,  and  that 
pe  ujed  not  tdbeundrefl  before  {o  great  a  Company,  and  to  have  two 
Hang-men  to  attend  her  for  her  Grooms  of  the  Bed-chamber  :     But 
(  fays  flie  )  We  mufl  Jubwtt  to  rvhat '  Heaven  is  pleaded  to  have  done, 
and  obey  the  Decrees  of  the  Titvine  Providence-     There  was  one  re- 
markable Thing  which  happened  at  her   Execution,    and  which 
ought  not  to  be  omitted,  and  that  is  the  ftrangeand  furprifing  in- 
ftinift  of  a  little  Dog  that  fhe  had,    whom  they  could  never  (epa- 
rare  from  her,    without  doing  Violence  to  her  Majefty,    fheltring 
hiihfelf  always  beneath  her  Royal  Robes,  and  when  the  Blood  be- 
gan to  How  about  him/    he  lapt  fom'e  of  it,   and  would  never  af- 
terwards be  induced  to  tafte  Meat  or  Drink,  but  died  for  Grieh 

Thus  died  M^O' '^^^'^^^  ^"^^"  °^  ^co/Z^W,  the  only  Daughter 
of- fames  V.  King  of  Scotland,  znd  Mary  de  Lorain,  Grand-child 
to  tlie  thrice  vertuous  Antometa  of  'Burbon  (a  Queen  fays  Caujjin) 

*  who  in  my  Judgment,'  hath  equalled  the  Exccfs  of  her  Difafters, 

*  with  the  Height  of  her  Gloiy ;    and  it  fccms  her  whole  Life  was 
* 'no  other,    but  a  Theatre  hung  round  with  Blacks,    and  covered 

*  with  Blood,  where  the  Revolution  of  humane  Affairs,  did  a6t  un- 

*  heard  of  Tragedies.     I>Iever  did  Nature  produce  more  Beauties, 
♦not  Grace  more  "Wonders,  in  a  Perfon  of  that  high  Condition. 

*  Never  did  Fortupe  deal,  more  rigoroufly  with  a  Head,  which  Hea- 
<  yen  had  made  to  fupport  three  great  Crowns.     In  her  Infancy- 

*  fhe;  was  as  the  Bud  of  a  Rbfc,  her  hidden  Graces  not   being  dif- 

*  clof^d  ;  biit  as  fhe  began  to  lay  them  more  open  by  the  Increafe 

*  'of  ^406,  Wetnight  then  behold  a  Princefs  defcended  from  the  Blood 
'  bfa^nndred  Kings  ;   who  had  a  Body  formed  and  fafhioned  by 

*  the  Hand  of  Beauty,   a  fine  and  clear  Spirit,  a  deep  and  a  found 

*  Judgment,  a  high  Virtue,  and  incomparable  Grace  in  all  her  Ex- 

*  jji-efliofis ;  and  in  one  Word,  it  feemcd,  that  FeUcity  it  felf,  had 

*  with  full  Hands,  poured  down  her  Favours  upon  her,  till  this  glo- 

*  fibiis  Hower  was  blafted;  but  as  long  asTruth  or  Virtue,  or  Men 

*  fhtiir Continue  upon  the  Earth,  that  Wpund  fhall  Bleed,  as  long  as 

*  there'fhall  be  Eyes  or  Tear?  m  this  Vale  of  Mifery,  there  shall  be 

*  Tears  diflilled;  on  thofe  Royal  Ashes  j  and  the  Piety  of  the  living, 

*  ihall  never  Ceafe  with  fiiU'Hands,  to  ftrew  Lilies  and  Violets  and' 

*  Kb'feis  on  her' Tomb.     M^r)i  whorn  fleaven  abfolveth,  doth  now 

*  commence  ari  eternal  Procefs  againft  EliZjabeth,    she  shall  be' 

*  b'rought  before  as  many  Tribunals,  as  there  are  reafonable  Spirits, 

*  and  shall  daily  be  condemned,  "without  endingof  her  Mifery;  be- 

*  caufe  sljie  put  no  end  to  her  Injufticc,  it  feerrieth  that  God  did  ex- 

*  frefly'give  her, a  long  Life,  zs  to  Cain,  to  Herod,  to  Tiberius  and 

*  other'  Tyrants,'  to  fill  up  the  Meafure  of  her  Iivquity,  to  pofTefs  a 

*  bloody  Sceptre  amongfl  Jealoufies,   Alfrights  and  Defiances',    and 

•  to 


(«)  Holy  Cou':,  Life  of  Qseeo  M»ry. 


Alt  I  j?7. 


Vol.  Ill  rije  Life  of  MARY,    G^ueen  o/^  Scotland.  ^^ 

'  to  fee  her  Hell  alive:  Wheiiatlaft,  ftooping  to  thelmpotenc/ of 
'  Age,  and  Higlited  by  her  own  Creatures,  she  wouFd  often  com- 
^  plain,  Tliut  all  the  World  did  abandon  her,  and  that  she  had  not 
'  one  left  in  whom  she  might  repofe  her  Confidence.  And,  Great 
'  God!  how  juft  andmyfterious  art  thou  in  all  thy  Ways,  who  made 

*  the  Offspring  of  Mary  fuccced  and  poffefs  hot  only  her  own,  buc 

*  her  Enemy's  Throne. 

Sir  Thomas  Craig  (a)  who  knew  well  our  IlluftrioUs  Queen,  be- 
ing one  of  her  Privy  Counfellors,  fpeaking of  her,  fays,  'liiaveof- 

*  ten  heard  the  mofl:  Serene  Princefs  Mary  Queen  of  ScttUnd,   dif- 

*  courfe  To  appofitely  and  rationally,  in  all  Affairs  which  were  broughc 
'  before  the  Priyy  Council,  that  fhe  was  admir'd  by  all ;  and  when 
'  mod  of  the  Counfellors  were  filenr,  being  aftoniflted,  they  ftraighc 
'  declared  thcmfelves   to  be  ot  her  Opinion ;    fhe  rdbuked  them 

*  sharply,  and  exhorted  them  to  fpeak  freely,  as  becomes  unpreiu- 
'  diced  Counfellors,  againft  her  Opinion,  that  the  beft  Reafons 
'  only  might  over-rule  their  Determinations :  And  truly,  her  Rea- 

*  fonings  were  fo  ftrong  and  clear,  diat  fhe  could  turo  their  Hearts 

*  to  what  Side  she  pleas d.     She  had  not  fludied  Law;    and  yct^ 

*  by  the  natural  Light  of  hef  Judgment,  when  she  reafoned  of  Mat- 
'  ters  of  Equity  and  Juftice,    shd  oft-times  had  the  Advantage  of 

*  the  ablefl  Lawyers.     Her  other  Difcourfes  and  AcffionS  were  fuit- 

*  able  to  her  great  Judgment:  No  Word  ever  dropt  from  her 
'  Mouth  that  was  not  exadtly  Weighed  and  pdndered.  As  for  her 
'  Liberality  and  other  Virtues,  they  \yere  well  known. 

But  at  this  Time  no  more  fhall  be  faid  of  her :  And  indeed  I  need 
fay  no  more  of  her  either ;  for  fhould  I  collea:  all  the  Elogiums 
that  have  been  made  updn  her,  I  would  naufeate  rny  Reader  witli 
her  Praifes :  Only  I  fhall  add,  That  the  Reafon  why'  I  have  put  her 
among  the  lUuftrioiis  Writers  of  our  Nation,  is,  becaufe  of  her  ma- 
ny excellent  and  Divine  Poems  and  letters,  wrote  in  French,  Latiriy 
Jtalians  and  Engl'tjh :  In  all  which  J^anguages  she  was  perfedly  well 
verfed.  And  fhe  Beauties  of  her  Mind  were  more  bright  and  glo- 
rious than  thofe  of  h6r  Body,  which  was  a  Mafter-piece  of  Nature. 
Many  Latin  Epitaphs  Were  made  upon  her,  and  great  Numbers  o£ 
Poems ;  but  I  shall  only  take  notice  of  Six  of  them,  that  have  the 
Approbation  of  being  MafleV-pieces  in  their  Kind:  TheFirft  iswhac 
was  fixed  upon  her  Grave,  bur  immediately  taken  away  when  difco-. 
vcrcd. 

(^ARJ^  Scot  or  tint  Regina,  Regis  Bit  a; 

Regts  Gallorum  Vidita  5  Regina  Anglia 

uignata  (^  H&res  proxima  ;  'virtuttbiis 

Regiis  ^  ariimo  Regio  ornata : 

Jure  regio.frufira  Jcefius  implorato,  bar  bar  a, 

(^  tyrannica  crndelitate,  OrnamentUm  nojlri 

Sxculi,  (^  Lumen  vere  ^egifim.extinguitur : 

Eodemqtie  nefario  judicio,  o  t^^ria  Scotorum  Regina, 

V  V  V  V  Mor- 

(/j  Oa'I'i  AaTwc  to  OoinuBp  C'/.  lo.  f.  I4. 


An.   mS;. 


354  The  Lift  0/  M  A R  Y,  ^een  of  Scotland. Vol.  Ill 

^— ii^— — ^—  '  '  ■» 

Morte  naturali,  ^  omnts  [upcrftites  Regcs 
rlcbeii  fa^fiy  morte  chili  mul(lantnr. 
Novum  ^  inauditum  Tumuli  genus,  in  quo 
Cum  'vivis  mortui  includuntur,  hie  extnt : 
Cum  [acris  enim  T>ivi  MariA  cineriius,  omnium 
Regum  at  que  Principum  -vioUtam  atque  pro  [I  rat  am 
Majejlatem  hie  jncere  feito  :  ^  quia  taeitum  Regale 
Satis  fupercfue  Reges  fui  ojjicii  monet, 
Plura  non  addoy  Viator. 

TIjat  is  to  fay, 

MART  Queen  of  Scotland,  Daughter  of  a  King,  Widow  of  the 
King  of  France,  Kinfwoman  and  next  Heir  to  the  Queen  oi  Eng- 
land; adorned  with  Royal  Virtues  and  a  Princely  Spirit ;  Having 
often,  but  in  vain,  implored  to  have  the  Right  due  to  a  Prince  done 
unto  her,  the  Ornament  of  our  Age  and  Mirror  of  Princes,  by  a 
barbarous  and  tyrannical  Cruelty,  is  cut  off;  and  by  one  and  the 
fame  infamous  Judgment,  both  Mary  Qjeen  of  Scotland  is  puni- 
shed with  a  natural  Death,  and  all  Kings  living,  as  well  as  other 
Men,  made  liable  to  a  Civil  Death.  A  ftrange  and  unheard  of 
Grave  is  here,  in  which  the  Living  are  included  with  the  Dead;  for 
with  the  Ashes  of  rliis  blelfed  Mary,  know  thou,  tliar  the  Majefty 
of  all  Kings  and  Princes  are  dcprerfed  and  violated  :  And  becaufe 
the  Regal  Secret  doth  fufKciently  admonish  all  Kings  of  their  Duty, 
Traveller,  I  will  (ay  no  more. 

Great  Search  Avas  made  for  the  Author  of  this  Epitaph,  but  he 
could  not  be  difcovered ;  but  it  was  afterwards  found  to  be  com- 
pofed  by  the  Famous  Adam  'Blackwood :  Who  compofed  the  two 
toUowing  Epitaphs  likewife  upon  her. 

H I C  jacet  Maria  Scotorum  Regina,  Regis  Ftlia,  Vxor  ^  Mater ^ 
Irancifci  ]I.  Galliarum  Regis  Vidua :  njixit  annos  xliv.  ac  menfet 
prope  duos.  Nat  a  eft -enim  Idib.  Decern.  1 541.  Redu^a  in  Galliam 
menfe  Augufio  1545.  Rediit  inScptiam  eodemmenfe  15JI.  In  An- 
gliamdefcendit,  auxilii  fpe  ^  opinione  a  cognat^promifft,  i6Calencl. 
^unii  1568.  Ibidem  contra  jus  gentium,  <  contra  promijji  fdem,  annos 
undeviginti  retenta,  hofpitis  execrabtU  jujju  neci  tradita,  fan^uinis  li- 
ber aliter  effufi  teflimonio,  T>ei  cultum,  (S  Ecclefi^,  Romans  pdem  pro- 
fej]a,  coronam  meruit  in  Coelis,  iliis  tribus  illupriorem  quarum  ufum 
njiolenter  ami  fit  in  terris.  Mane  fub  horam  decimam^  1 2,  Calend. 
Mart.  1587.  Supputatione  Gregoriana,  qua' nunc  utuntur  Chrifliani. 
Ex  nobilifsimis  ^  antiquifsimis  Stuarts  ^  Lotherens,  familiis  orta : 
Latine,  Galliee,  Scotice,  Angliee,  Hijpanice,  Jtalice  do^a :  inter  om- 
nes  fu&  Atatis  Reginas  admtrabili  ^  incomparabili  corporis  pnlchri- 
tudtne  prtidita.    Denique,  quondam  Galliarum  ^  ScottA  florentijsim^f 

Re- 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  of  MARY,  §lueen  of  Scotland.  "^ 

Retina,  nunc  njero  fpedfacutum  rerum  hnmanttrum  fatta.  Vale,  ^  r^\,r\ 
a  Tachrimis,  fi  quis  humanitatis  fenfus  in  te  e/?,  Viator  {fi  fotes)  Crsl^* 
tempera. 

^at  is  to  fay, 

Here  lies  Mary  Q^e^no^  Scotland,  the  Daughter,  Wife  and  Mo-' 
tlier  of  a  King,  Widow  to  Francis  II.  King  of  France.  She  lived 
44  Years,  and  nigh  two  Months.  She  was  born  upon  the  Ides  of 
December  154^'  and  carried  over  to  France  in  die  Month  of  ^uaufi 
1548.  She  returned  to  J'cor/*?^^  in  the  fame  Month  1 561.  SheHed 
into  England,  upon  Hopes  promifed  of  AffiRance  againft  her  Ene- 
mies, given  to  her  by  herKinfwoman,  on  the  idth  of  the  Calends 
of  June  1 568.  Where,  contrary  to  the  Law  of  Nations  and  the 
Faith  given  to  her,  she  was  kept  Prifoncr  for  19  Years;  and  at  length, 
by  the  execrable  Command  of  her  Hofl,  was  executed  by  the  Hand 
of  the  Hangman  :  Having  deferved,  by  the  plentiful  Effufion  of  her 
Blood,  her  Zeal  for  the  Worfhip  of  God,  and  Faith  of  the  RomiJJi 
Church,  a  more  glorious  Crown  in  Heaven,  than  the  Three  thac 
ftie  was  violently  hindred  from  pofTefsing  upon  Earth.  She  fuffer'd 
about  Ten  of  the  Clock  in  the  Morning,  upon  the  11  of  the  Ca- 
lends of  March  1 587.  according  to  the  Cregorian  Calculation,  now 
ufed  by  the  Chriflians.  She  was  fprung  from  the  noble  aild  apcient 
Families  of  Stuart  and  Lorain.  She  was  learned  in  the  Latin,  French^ 
Scots,  Engltjh,  Spanijh  and  Italian  Languages :  In  the  admiral)le 
and  incomparable  Beauty  of  her  Body,  Ihe  excelled  all  the  Queens 
of  her  Age.  This  m oft  beautiful  Queen,  who  was  tlie  Glory  and 
Pride  of  France  and  Scotland,  is  now  become  the  Objedl  of  human 
Frailty.  Farewell  Traveller:  And  if  you  have  any  Senfe  of  Huma- 
nity or  Compaffion  in  you,  endeavour  Cif  it  be  pofliblc)  to  mode- 
rate your  Tears. 

The  Other  >i$, 

VJ ATO  R  quifquii^  hie  te  volt  Lapis  conjiflert^ 

Cavefts  pergas,  donee  eju^relas  hafce  p^Uegix*. 
(*^A  R 14.  STV  A  R  TA,  vita  intcrimr, 

Occido  prAte^-'Atatem^  ordinenu 

Vah!  maniis  oppleta  mortalitas, 

Vitaque  faxhre  araneartfm  operis.. 
'§lutd^  jwoat  mi  dtiplici  potitam  Sceptre, 

Si  lujlra  prope  quatuor.  inter  cufiodiasi 

Pa-vcns  intus  (5  for  mi  dans, 

Torrts,  exhAreS  fa£la  viti,  tneA;  raptor  ad  Carpifictrnf 
oApage  facraM  parenticid^m, 

^a  nemo  faminarum  r^iagii  mmtfefcors,  Cluit  * 
Egone  viator,  te  celemtjlius  tntemperias, 

^A  malt-Solent e  nai^gcnio  pium  jorht  jangummr 

V  V  V  V  1  g«ii- 


p6  The  Life  of  MA  li  Y,  ^een  of  Scotland Vol.  I  If. 

A^^^  Q"^'^^  orJtic]Uiim  obtmeris  hoc  jnum, 

WV*j  Q^aritumis  mecum  exVeritur  niorilM  ? 

2\lempe  dufd  es,  Eliz^nhetha,  fceUrum  caputs 

^jinm  tu  pofl-fecijli  nec^Hcim  mm'tter^ 

Jndignis  Re^mam  exernplis  peraerf, 
oAd'verjumque  Regtim  preccs,  jur^i,  leges, 

Borjoftjue  ritus,  Principum  ire  precihuSy  ut  darrtnes 
^anaUm  tui  ? 
Heu  pdes  Brttannornm  puntca  pjenioKj 

Inftdaris  ^  JtMefla  ! 
JEmni'vero  cum  in  Terris  tranquillHS  mihi  locus  non  fit^ 

mot  IS  in  pie  tat  em  meam  Religionemcjue  machinist 

mctndor  let  ho,  adponique  jubeor  ad  gladii  violentiam. 
Vt  non  tamen  defpondi  ipfa  animum, 

necfue  mens  avfuit;  ex  quo  feeler  is  interpres  ad  me^ 

ujurpcmtqite  aures  fumma  'verba  carnificis : 
Vocato  Sacerdote,  nequicquam,  Chrijium  feliciter  fpiranSj 

Chnjto  fcelicius  injpirante,  coram  populo  mifi 

Regium  caput  in  gladium- 
Exin  mutilum  cadaver  in  humum  iJertituri 

folutifque  tandem  Anima  vinculisf 

ad  Calum  remeat. 
I^e  lugete,  Errice  Philipeque  Reges, 

ISleve  tu  facobe,  fill,  quum  fatisoccu^of 

ante  fata,  quando  morte  melius. 
JSltl  accidit  in  malis  rebus  miferis, 

neque  adeo,  quia  fapitis,  J^vite  njehementiui 

in  tenue  paucorum  menfium  imperium^ 

fuo  fiatim  iniquitatis  jpondere  ruiturum. 
Falete,  Abite. 

The  Fourth  is  faid  (hy  De'mpJIer)  to  have  been  coTnpofed  by  his 
Kinfman  John  'Dempfer,  Keeper  of  Si  c^arife's  Library  at  Venice: 
But  in  Jobnfion\  Inlcriptions,  'tis  afcribed  to  Mr-  oAndrew  Mehfl. 

Regibus  orta,  auxi  Reges,  Reginaque  'vixi ; 

Ter  nupta,  (f  tribus  orba  viris,  tria  Regna  rtliqut : 

Callus,  opes ;  Scotus,  cunas ;  habet  Angla  fepulchrunt. 

The  Fifth  is  by  Dr.  Robert  Boyd  prefixed  to  Queen  i^Marjs  Life^ 
<vrit  in  Italian  Verfe  by  the  Prior  Bafsiano  Gatto,  Monacho  at  S.  Ci- 
relof/io,  printed  sit  Bologna  i6j^.  in  ^to. 

Scotia  dat  cunas,  cenlum  dat  Hibernia,  Sponjum 
Gallia  dat  e^aru;  terra  dat  Anglica  necem: 

Djbuerant  h^c  Sceptra  uni  parere  Maria 
QMatuor  i  at  Coelis  omnia  poflpofuit :  ' 

Tofpofuijje  par  em  ejl,  nifi  defptcit  omnia:  Jam  quo 
Defpicit  ilia  magis^  hoc  magis  tlla  fovet. 

The 


\^V*Vrf 


Vol.  III.  The  Life  of  MARY  Clueen  0/ Scotland- 357 

The  Lafl:  is  upon  her  Tomb  at  Weftminjler :  But  before  I  give  the   ;;'^. 
Reader  an  Account  of  this,  I  {hall  give  an  Account  of  her  Funerals.   '^^^•*-' 

After  the  Execution,  the  Body  was  taken  and  embalmfed,  and 
laid  in  one  of  the  Chambers  of  the  Caftle,  till  they  fhould  know 
Q.  £//>:,;?^ef^'s  Will  as  to  the  Interrenicnt,  and  after  what  Manner 
it  (hould  be.  When  the  News  was  brougiit  to  her,  ftie  feem'd  to  he 
quite  confounded  :  But  this  Crocodile  of  Iniquity,  to  palliate  her 
DilTimulation  the  more,  weptmoft;  bitterly,  put  on  Mournings,  and 
laid  the  whole  Blame  upon  Secretary  Davifon,  for  having  put  the 
Sentence  in  Execution  without  her  Knowledge,  and  againft  her 
Will ;  but  from  his  Apology,  which  we  have  already  given  an  Ac- 
count of,  it  appears  how  that  Affair  was  tranfaded :  Howev'cr,  to 
anuife  the  World  for  the  deep  Concern  that  (he  had  for  the  Death 
of  her-  dear  Sifter  the  Queen  of  Scotland^  fhe  ordered  her  Corps  to 
be  interred  after  the  following  Manner  (a). 

Opon  THcfdaj,  the  i  ft  of  jiuguji  1 587.  the  Corps  was  order'd  to 
be  interred  in  the  Clthedral  Church  ot  Teterburrow ;  and  there  were 
fent  from  the  Court  to  the  Solemnity  the  Queen's  Houfhold-officers; 
to  make  Provifion  for  the  Diet,  Mr.  Borell  and  Mr.  Cox\    for  the 
Funeral-offices,   Mr.  Fortefcue  Mafter  of  tlie  great  Wardrobe  :    The 
Hcraulds  came  down  three  or  four  Days  before,  and  appointed,  to- 
gether with  the  BiOiop  and  Dean,  the  Place  for  the  Interrement  ot 
me  Body,  which  was  over  againft  the  Burial-place  of  Queen  CAtha- 
rine :    On  tiie  Right-fide  of  the  Quire,    near  to  the  Tomb  of  lohn 
laft  Abbot  and  firft  Bidiop  ot  that  Chutch^    there  was  a  rich  Herfe 
erecfied  above  the  (n^  Step  of  the  Qiiire,    near  to  the  Place  of  the 
Burial ;  and  the  whole  Quire  and  Church  was  hung  with  Black.    U- 
pon  Sunday  at  Night,  the  Thirtieth  of  /«/y,  rlie  Body  was  brought 
by  Torch-lights  from  the  Caftle  of  Fothrengciy,    by  Garter  King  at 
Arrris  and  other  Fleraulds,    with  a  Guard  of  Horfe,    in  a  Chariot 
made  of  purpofe,  covered  with  blacf:  Velvet,  and  adorned  with  her 
Enfigns :   Tliey  came  to  the  Porch  of  the  Church  betwixt  One  and 
Two  of  the  Clock  in  the  Morning ;  where  it  was  received  by  the  Bi- 
fiiop  and  Dean,    the  Mafter  of  the  Wardrobe,  CLirencieux  King  at 
Arms,  and  many  of  Her  Majefty's  Servants  and  other  Perfons.  Next 
to  the  Body  were  Six  of  Her  own  domeftic Servants;  amongftwhom 
was  Mr.  Af(f/'y/«,  her  Phyfician,  Chirurgeon  and  Apothecary:    The 
Body,  with  the  Clofures,  weighed  900  Weight;  which  being  atten- 
ded and  carried  orderly  by  tlic  faid  Perfons,  was  committecl  to  the 
Ground  in  the  Vault  appointed ;    and  immediately  the  Vault  was 
covered,  having  a  (mall  Hole  left  open  for  the  Staves  to  be  broke 
into.     There  was  not  at  that  Time  any  OfHccs  of  the  Church  done, 
it  being  agreed  tliat  it  (hould  be  done  upon  thfe  Day  of  the  Solem- 
nity.    Upon  Monday  in  the  Afternoon,  came  to  Peterburrow  all  th6 
Perfons  appointed  for  tiie  Solemnity:   And  at  the  Biftiop's  Palace 
was  prepared  a  gtcat  Supper  for  them ;    and  all  of  them  fupp'd  at 

X  X  X  X  one 


Ca)  Vidt  Ci«wto<4'i  Mb.  C«IUAi»n. 


TJje  Lift  of  MARY,  g^etn  of  Scotland. 


one  Tabic  The  Great  Clianiber,  where  the  Entertainment  wriT, 
was  hun''  with  Black,  and  a  Seat  fet  on  the  Riglu-fidd  of  the  Tabic 
of  Purple- velvet. 

Upon  Tuefday  Morning,  the  Chief  Mourner,  Lords  and  Ladies, 
and  other  Afliftants  being  ready,  about  Ten  of  the  Clock  tliey  mar- 
ched from  the  Hall  of  the  Biftiop's  Palace,  as  followcth : 

In  the  Firft  Place,  The  Countcfs  of  Bedford,  Chief  Mourner. 


3 

4- 
5- 
6. 

I 


The  Earl  of  Rutland. 

The  Earl  of  Lincoln. 

The  Bp.  oi  Peterbhrrow. 

The  Bp.  of  Lincoln. 

The  Lord  Dudley. 

The  Lord  ChaniberlaiH. 

The  Lord  St.  John. 
9.  The  Lord  Steward. 
JO.  Loid  Wiliotighl;yot  Tarhafn- 
1 1 .  Tlie  Lord  Cornpton. 
li.  The  Dem  of  Teterl^ttrrow. 
1  J.  The  Lord  (^Mordaunt. 

14.  The  Lady  Mor daunt. 

1 5.  The  Lady  l^albot. 

16.  The  Lady  Dudley. 

17.  The  Lady  St.  John  of  Baftn^ 

18.  The  Lady  St  fohn  of  Beltp. 

19.  The  Lady  c^Jary  Savfl. 

20.  Sir  Thomas  Cecil. 
II.  Sir  Thomas  Mannors. 


11.  Sir  Edward  Montague. 
15.  Sii  George  Ha  flings. 
14^  Sir  Richard  Knightly. 

15.  Sir  jindreio  Mowet. 

16.  Sir  George  Savil. 

ly.  Sir  fames  Harrington. 
28.  M.  Jo.  Mannors  as  a  Knight. 
19.  The  Lady  CeciL 
^O.  The  Lady  Montagui. 
^i.  The  Lady  Mannors. 
31.  The  Lady  Mowet. 

33.  Ms.  jilmgtonart,   a  Knight's 
Lady. 

34.  Eight  Scoh  Gentlewomen, 
Eighteen  Scots  Gentlemen, 
and  divers  Efq^  and  other 
Gentlemen  i  Two  Kings  at 
Arms,  5  Heraulds  at  Arms, 
and  100  poor  Women.- 


The  Solemnity  being  fettled,    the  Prebends  ind  C^uire  fung  an 
Anthem,  and  the  Bilhop  oi  Lincoln  preached  upon  the  xxxix  PJalm. 

After  Her  Son  King  fames  VI.  his  AccefTion  to  the  Throne  of 
England,  he  caufed  her  Corps  to  be  tranfportcd  from  Peterburroid 
CO  London ;  where  fhe  was  buried  a^ain  with  great  Pomp  and  Splen- 
dor, in  the  Abbey  of  Weftminfief'^  m  Henry  VIL  his  Chapel,  under 
a  mofl  ftately  Monument,  which  he  caulked  to  be  eredled  to  Hec 
Memory  ;  having  Her  Image,  of  the  fineft  Marble,  in  full  Propor- 
tion, in  Her  Royal  Robes,  upon  a  mofl  noble  Pedeflal  of  curious 
Workmanfhip,  under  a  moft  beautiful  Canopy,  fupportcd  by  cighc 
Columns  of  black  and  white  Marble ;  vizj.  tout  at  the  Weft,  and 
as  many  at  the  Eaft  End  of  the  Corinthian  Order ;  thePedcftals  and 
Capitals  guilt,  and  the  Fries  adorned  with  feveral  Coats  of  Arms^ 
And  on  tncBody  of  the  Tomb  are  the  following  Infcriptions, 


v» 


VoL  III.  The  Life  of  MAKY,  fifteen  of  Scotland  jy^ 


T>.   O.   M.  :r^ 

Sona  Memorik, 


ft^doARI^  STVART^  Scotomm  RepriA,  FranctA'Da- 
tari^,  Jacohi  V.  Scotorum  Regis  FtltA  ^  li&reais  unica ;  Henrici 
VII.  JngltA  Regis,  ex  Margareta,  major i  natu  ftlia,  (  facohi  IV. 
Re^is  Scotorum  matrimonio  copuUta)  Proneptis  Bdwardi \\.  ^nglu 
Re^is,  ex  Elizjahetha,  Piliarum  natu  maxima  j4bneptis ;  Francifci 
II.  Gallorum  Regis  Conjugis :  Corona  ^nglia,  durn  'vixit,  cert  a  £?, 
induhitatA  Heredts ;  (^  Jacohi  Magna  Britannia  Monarcha  Matrts } 
Stirpe  vere  Regia  ^  anttquifsima  prognata  erat,  maximis  totius  £«- 
ropaPrincipibus  agnatione  (^  cognatione  coniunita;  ^  exquijitifsimis 
cinimi  ^  corporis  dotiliu  ^  ornamentis  cumulc{tijiima.  ■  Vernm,  ut 
Junt  varia  rerttm  humanarum  'vices,  pofquam  annoi  plttf  minus  vi- 
ginti  in  cujlodia  detehta,  fortiter  ^  ftrenue  {fed  frufira)  cUm  male- 
volar Hm  obtredfationibu^s,  timidorUm  jufpicionibaf,  ^  inimicorum  ca- 
fitalmm  infdiis  confii6ia  ejjet ;  tandem,  inaudito  ^  infefto  Regihtu 
exemplo,  Jecuri  percutitur  :  ^  contempto  mundo,  dtvidfa  morte,  laf- 
fato  carnifice  ;  Chrijlo  Servatori  anima  falutem,  Jacoho  Jilio  fpem 
Regni  ^ pojieritatis,  (^  univerfis  infaujla  cadis  fpeiiatoribus  exem- 
plum  patientia  commendans  ;  pie,  intreptde  cer'uicem  Regiam  fecur$ 
malediita  fubjecit ;  (^  "vita  caduca  fort  em,  cum  Cceleftis  Regni  pef' 
^nnitate  commutanjit,  Vh.  Idw  Febr.-Ann,  Chrijii  1587.  j£taf.i^<$. 

Si  generis  fplendor,  par  ^  fi  gratia  for m* 

Probri  nefcia  mens,  irrviolata  fidei. 
Pectoris  inviHi  robur,  [apientia,  candor^ 

Ntxaqui  fotantis  fpes  pietate  Dei : 
Si  morum  probitas,  duri  patientia  frani, 

c^ajefias,  bonitas,  piira  benigna  maniis. 
Pallida  fortuna  pojjint  'vitare  tonantis 

Fulminaque  montes,  templaqtie  fanda  petiirtt. 
NonPramatwd  fatortim  forte  perijfety 

Nee  fieret  moeftis  trijlis  imago  genis. 

Jure  Scoios,  thalamo  Trances,  fpe  jpojjidet  ^/^nglof, 

Triplex  fic  triplex  jure  corona  beat, 
Felix,  heu  nimiumfeltx,  ft  turbine  pulfo 

Vietnam  fero  conciliajjet  opem. 
Sed  cadit,  ut  terram.teneat,  nunc  morte  triumfhaf^ 

Fruifibns  ut  fua  /firpf,  puUulet  inde  novis. 
Vi£ia  nequit  ytnei,  nee  carcere  claufa  tentriy 

Non  occifa  mori^  fed  neque  cdpta  capi. 
Sic  'viti^  juccifa  gemit  faii^ndior  ^vir, 

Sculpt ac^e  purpuf(0  lemma  decort'  mieai. 

Xtxi%  Ok. 


^6o  The  Life  of  MARY  G^ncen  0/ Scotland.  Vol.  ill. 

;;^r?78^  bbruta  frugifero  (enfm  fie  cefpite  furfunt, 

v^V**^  Seniina  Vtr  wultos  qux  latuere  i)ies. 

Sanquine  fancivit  fitdus  cumplele  Jehonja^' 
Sanguine  piacabant  numina  fanifa  paires 
Sanguine  confperfi  quos  praeterit  ira  penates ; 

Sanguine  Jignata  efi,  cjux.  modo  cortdit  humusi 
Farce  Deus,  Jntis  efi,  injfandum !  jlfle  dolores 

Infer  funejlos  pervolet  ilia  Dies. 
Sit  Rcges  matlare  nefas,  ut  Janguine  pofihac 
Piirpureo  nunqnam  term  Tritamia  jluctt. 

Si  meliore  (ui  pofl  mortem  Parte  triumphet, 

Carnifices  filearit,  tormina,  cldujira,  cruces'. 
Qjiem  dederant  curium  Superi  Retina  peregif, 

Tempora  lata  T)eus,  tempora  dura  dedit. 
Edidit  e>;imium,fato.properante,  "^acobum, 

§luem  Pallas,  Mhja,  Delia  Fata    colunt. 
Ma^na  Viro,  major'  NatUy  fed  maxima  Partu : 

Condi tHr  hie  Regum  filial  Sponja,  Parens. 
Vet  Dens !  ut  Nath  ^  qui  najeentur  ab  illis^ 

^ternos  -vide ant  hinc  fine  nube  dies. 

H.  N.  Gemens' 

I  V&t.  ii.    zi. 

Chrism  pro  nobis  pafj/t/  e/l,  relinquens  exemplum  ut  fequ4' 
mur  "vefiigia  ejfu. 

I  Vet.  ii.  1^. 
•^tti  cum  malediceretur,  non  maledtcebat  \  cum  pateretur.,  non  com- 
minabatur :    tradebat  autem  judicanti  jufie. 


The  Catalogue  of  her  works. 

I.  QEveral  Letters  upon  Affairs  of  State,  and   in  Vindication  of 
^  Her  felf,  either  publifhed  at  Length  or  in  Subftance,'  by  the 

Writers  of  the  Hiftory  of  Her  Life,  or  prefcrved  in  Librarie§. 

II.  A  great  many  of  her  Original  Letters  are  to  be  feen  in  the 

Cotton  Library,  JuUm  F.  $.  Vtde  etiam  Cat.  Mfs.  Oxon. 
TomeL  Par.j.  Num.  1 090.  Tome  II.  Par.  i.  Num.3767, 
8680,  8801.  Bibl.  Cot.  Ttt.  A-  XIII.  zy  Cat.  Mfs.  Oxon. 
Tome  I.  Par.  I.  Num.3515,  5003.  Tome  II.  Par.  L  Num. 
3818,  5383,  3492,  ^c. 

III.  Several  Poems  in  hatiriy  French  and  Italians :    There  is  one  of 

of  thofe  Poems  among  A-  Blackwood's  Poems ;   hm  .vhere  ^^ 
Originals  of  thefc  Poems  (for  which  fhe  was  fo  much  comrri-n- 
ded)  are  now  lodged,  we  know  not. 

THE 


Vol.  III. 

THE 


361 


(%/^^\ 


LIFE  of  THOMAS  WINTER- 
HOTE^  Dodlor  of  Divinity  and Redor 
of  the  Scots  College  at  Taris, 

THOMAS  Winter  hope,   or  Wintrope,  was  born  at  p^^ 
Callow  [heels  iii  the  Diocefs  of  Claf^sw,    and  was  *"•  '^^ 
taught  his  Grammar  at  Glajgow;    attcr  which  he  '"''^'*^ 
went  over  to  the  Univcrfity  of  JParis,    about  rhe  "'•  ^'''^ 
Year  1551.  and  was  made  Mafter  of  Arts  in  that  EJ«"t*ol* 
Univcrfity  in  the  Year  1554.     In  the  Year  155^. 
he  obtained,  from  Patrick  Hefburn  Bifhop  of  Murray,  the  Prcfen- 
lation  to  one  of  the  Burfes  pi  the  Scots  College  of  Crtfii   and  had 
a  long  Concert  for  it  with  one  Mr.  Robert  Straloch. 

He  was  afterwards  fettled  Procurator  to  that  Foundation,  and  was 
at  great  Pains  and  Expence,  for  many  Years,  iri  recovering  the  Rights,  "'^cZ't* 
and  fettling  that  Foundation  on  a  better  Foot  than  it  had  been  for-  'o^i'it" 
merly.    He  was  chosen  1 5  Times  Procurator  of  the  Stranger  Nation, 
called  then  in  the  Uqivcrfity,  The  Scots  and  German  Nation;  which  unfv,7fij.' 
is  one  of  thofe  Four  that  compofe  the  Faculty  of  Arts  in  that  Uni- 
vcrfity  :    And  the  whole  Univerfity  was  fo  fenfible  of  his  excellent 
Parts  and  Abilities,    that  they  made  choice  of  him  for  their  Gene- 
ral Procurator;  and  lie  was  deputed  by  them,  in  the  Year  1570.  to 


H  e  Ii  r«ot  lo 


Charles  IX.  King  of /r^wf,  for  recovering  their  Rights,  and  main-  .^i^'Dei 
taining  their  Privileges  againft  Taxes  and  Burdens,  which  they  were  '°'^*'"'"i^ 
threatned  with  at  that  Time:  And  he  acquit  himfelf  fo  well  in  this  °  '"* 
important  Negociation,  that  he  obtained  their  Defire ;  and  he  had 
the  Thanks  of  the  Univerfity  returned  to  him  by  fevcral  Patents,  ftill 
extant  in  thereof  J  College  at  Paris :  And  in  one  of  them  he  is  de- 
iigned,  Reftaurator  CoUegij  Scotorum  de  Grijiu  Pari/ijs,  The  Refto- 
ler  of  the  Scots  College  at  Paris. 

But  that  for  which  our  Author  can  never  be  too  much  commen- 
ded, is  his  Zeal  for  the  propagating  of  Learning;  ,  of  which  he  has  '^''■"'work 
left  feveral  Inftances  behind  him :  The  Firft  of  which  was  a  long 
Petition,  which  he  prefented  to  Queen  Mary  in  the  Year  i  ^66.  in 
which,  having  reprefented  to  Her  Majcfty  the  Neceflity  of  encou- 
raging of  learned  Men  in  iier  Dominions,  from  the  Honour  and  Ad- 
vantage that  would  redound  to  Her  Majefty  and  her  Dominions, 
by  relieving  the  grear  Numbers  of  indigent  Scotfrnen,  of  excellent 
Capacities  and  Learning,  who  came  over  ingreat  Numbers  to  the 
Univerfity  oi  Paris  t  and  who,  upon  a  fuflocient  Encouragement 
from  Her  Majefty's  Royal  Bounty,  could/not  fail  to  mike  the  King;- 
tlom  powerful  and. rich,  and  render  her  Memory  glorious  to  Porte- 
llericy.    All  ivhichhc  urg«s,  in  a  moft  pith^tick  Stllc,  in  French  arid 

Yyy/  Li- 


i^i       77;g  Lt/>o/' THOMAS   WINTERHOPE,  D  P.     Vol  Iff 

ro'x^     l^^t'tn-  And  then  he  concludes  with  a  Supplication  to  Her,  to  ad  J 
^'^    to  the  ancient  Eftablifhment  of  die  Birtiop  of  Murray,  particularly 
intended  for  that  Diocels,    the  Foundation  of  a  General  College  in 
ihc  Univerfity  of  Paris  for  all  Scotfmerjy  of  whatever  DioccTs  they  Sc. 
And  'tis  noways  to  be  doubted  but  that  this  excellent  Priiicefs  would 
have  granted  our  Author's  Petition,  had  Hie  not  fallen  into  her  Mif- 
fortunes,  Ihc  being  learned  herfclf,  and  a  great  Encouragcr  of  it  in 
others ;    for  notwithftanding  of  all  her  Troubles,    and  during  the 
Time  of  her  Imprifonment,    fhe  cave,  at  the  Archbifhop  of  Claj- 
foty's  Dcfire,  to  our  Author,  and  the  other  Students  of  the  Founda- 
tion of  Grifiu   a  yeady  Penfion,  and  left  to  them  and  hfer  other 
Scholars  in  Faris^   a  Legacy  in  her  Teftament :'  And  in  tho  Year 
1587.  in  the  A(ft  for  fettling  onerary  Execut61s  of  her  Teftament, 
Mr.  Winterhope,  then  Dodlor  ot  Theology,  is  naiiied  amojigft  the 
reft  of  her  Le2;atarics. 

Vtnipjler  tells  usj  that  ouf  Author  wrote  (<t}  a  Compend  of  Mo- 
ral Philofophy,  and  an  Apology  ioi  Epictirtu',  which  Laft  itfecnis 
he  had  fecn,  for  he  calls  it  a  moft  elaborate  Work,  This  Epfcurttt 
was  a  Pliilofopher,  who  was  born  at  Gargetius,  a  Town  of  oAttica^ 
and  has  been  accufcd  of  holding  and  teaching  many  impious  Opi- 
nions :  But  not  only  our  Authorj  but  Gajjendtis  and  feveral  Others 
have  wrote  in  his  Defence,  and  (hown,  that  his  making  the  Happi- 
nefs  of  Humane  Life  to  confift  in  Plcafurc  may  admit  of  a  very 
"ood  Interpretation;  for  'tis  moft  certain,  that  he  did  not  take  that 
word,  as  it  is  commonly  taken,  for  the  brutal  Enjoyments  of  this 
Life  5  for  Vwgerits  Laertius,  and  all  the  Ancients  allure  us,  that  he 
himfelf  was  by  Nature  docile,  humane^  temperate,  fober,  and  or* 
dinarily  lived  on  Bread  and  Water;  having  taught  his  Difciples, 
That  Nature  was  content  with  very  little;  and  that  not  to  be  fub- 
ie(5l  to  Padions,  was  to  live  like  a  Godamongft  Men;  That  to  have 
foy,  we  muft  have  Honefty,  Prudence  and  Juftice;  and  that  we 
could  not  poOcfs  true  Joy,  if  we  were  not  honeft,  prudent  and  juft  j 
That  God  is  a  happy  and  immortal  Spirit ,  and  that,  without  Im- 
piety, they  might  believe,  that  there  was  but  One  God,  whofe  Na- 
ture was  incomprehenfible  to  our  Reafon :  He  had  likcwifc  a  great 
Concern  and  Love  for  his  Friends,  Relations,  Servants  and  Country  j 
for  which  Caufe  the  oAthenians  raifed  Statues  to  his  Honour :  And 
Ctcero  and  Seneca  highly  commend  him  for  his  Virtue. 

Befides  thefe  Writings  of  our  Author  mentioned  by  1)empftirf 
tliere  are,  as  we  have  faid,  his  Petition  to  Qiieen  Mary,  and  leve- 
ral  other  Things  of  his,  ftill  extant  in  the  Scots  College  at  Paris  , 
fuch  as,  a  Supplication  to  Patrick  Hepbhrn  Bifhop  of  Murray,  for 
augmenting  the  Foundation  made  by  his  Predeceifors ;  and  a  large 
Addrefs  to  the  whole  Clergy  oi  France,  affembled  in  the  Year  1580. 
But  they  had  no  Succefs  with  either  of  them  at  that  Time.  In  the 
Year  i  $6'j.  he  coUetfted  all  the  Charters  belonging  to  the  Scots 
College  at  Paris^    and  all  the  ancient  Writs  and  Records  belong- 

Q«)  Utoipftcr,  Lib.  ]$,  |«i;c  Hh 


Vol.  III.  Redor  of  the  Scots  College  at  Paris. 


HU  Dtill; 


iiig  to  it ;  all  tliefe  arc  in  a  large  Volume,  curioufly  bound  up,  and 
\vrote  on  Vellum,    with  the  Atteftations  of  two  publick  Notaries  * 
and  for  the  greater  Authenticity,    he  caufed  the  whole  to  be  au' 
thenticatc  by  the  Provoft  of  Paris,  and  the  Seal  of  the  City  appen- 
ded to  it.     The  fame  Ycir  likewife,    he  \('rote  a  fliort  Hiflory  of 
the  Scots  Colledge,  from  its  firftFouhdatioft  till  his  Time.  At  length     «"" 
in  the  Year  1 590.  lie  died,    and  rcfigned  the  Care  of  the  CoUeee  a«.  ^'*'' 
to  Mr.  George  Crichton;  who  came  afterwards  to  be  Profeflbr  Royal 
of  the  Greek  3it  Paris;  to  whom  fucceedcd  Mr.  WtUiam  Lumtfden 
irt  whofe  Time  the  new  Foundation  was  made,  by  the  Arch-bifhop 
ofGlaJgow,  and  of  which  we  fhall  give  the  Reader  an  Account   in 
that  Prelates  Life. 

It  appears  from  what  we  have  faid  of  this  Author,  That  he  de- 
ferves  to  be  particularly  taken  Notice  of,  for  his  fin^ulat  Zeal  in 
the  propagating  of  Learning,  and  the  indefatigable  Care  that'  he 
took,  not  only  for  the  good  of  the  College  in  which  he  was  mdre  im* 
mediately  concerned,  but  likewifc  for  the  whole  Univcrfity,  of  which 
he  was  a  mofl  worthy  Member. 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 


lM 


ORALIS  Philofophid  Compendium. 

II.  uipologia  pro  Epimro. 

III.  <iA  Petition  to  the  JUufirious  Princefs,    Mary  '^^ueen  of  Scot- 

land, and  'Dowager  0/ France,  for  the  encouraging  of  Learning 
and  the  fa'vounng  of  tht  Learned  cMen  within  her  own  BomL 
nions,  MS.  in  the  Scots  College  at  Paris,   in  Latin  artd  French" 

IV.  ^n  Addrefs  to  Patrick  Hepburn,  ^Jhop  of  Muiiay,  for  encoi^ 

raging  the  Scots  College  at  Paris,  J\aS.  ibidem. 

V.  An  Addrefs  to   the  Clergy  of  France,    afjembled  in  the  Tear 

1 500.  for  the  encouraging  of  the  Scots  College  at  Paris   Aff 
ibidem.  ' 

VI.  Thi  Chartulary  of  the  Scots  College  at  Paris,  coHtded  A.  D.  i<6f 

in  a  large  finioy  MS.  ibidem.  '        ^* 

VII.  V7e  Hifioryofthe  Scots  College  at  Paris,  from  its  fir fi  Etmda^ 

tm,  till  the  Tear  1588.  M  ibidem.  '  ^ 


^yyy^  the 


3<54  Vol.  III. 

C^>^  THE 

LIFE  of  TATRICI{  AD  AM  SON, 
Arch-Bifhop  of  St.  Andrews. 

u  Birth    r'        ^       ^  H I S  Learned  Prelate,    was  born  in  the  Town  of 
p.renuje  &  ■         ^  rerth(a),  of  a  mean,  but  honeft  Parentage ;  ha- 

ving learned  his  Grammar  at  the  School  of  Ptrthy 


lie  went  to  the  Univcrfity  of  St.  Andrews  ;  where 
he  waj  taught  his  Philofopy,  and  made  Mailer  of 
Arrs  :     But  his  Parents  not  being  in  a  Condition 
Het.ich.i  to  afford  hirn  Money  for  the  profecuting  of  his  Studies,    he  was 
schoo"""""  obliged  for  Bread,  to  teach  Grammar  for  4  Years  at  Cyrus,  aCoun-- 
try  Village  in  the  Shire  of  Fife.     His  extraordinary  Endowments  of 
Mind,    made  him  to  be  taken  Notice  of,    by  the  Gentry   of  that 
Shire,  who  font  many  of  their  Children  to  his  School  ^    but  Mr. 
Jan:es  M'-gtU,  a  Gentleman  of  good  Learning,  and  one  of  the  Se- 
nators of  the  Collcdgc  of  Juftice,    taking  Compalfion  upon  the 
mean  Circumftance  of  his  Life ;   and  defigning  to  fend  his  Son  to 
ov"*!!"**    France  to  ftudr  the  Laws,  he  made  Choice  of  Mr.  ^damfon  to  be 
frw».        ijij  Son's  Governor  or  Preceptor. 

Having  arrived  fafely  in  Jrance,  they  went  ftraight  to  Paris, 
where  they  had  not  been  long,  when  they  were  advertifed  of  the 
Birtli  of  King  James  VI.  Mr.  Adamjon  being  an  excellent  Poet, 
took  this  Occahon  of  letting  the  Publick  know  fo  much,  in  an  in- 
HeTvricei  compatablc  Latin  Poem,  which  he  wrote  upon  this  Occaflonj  and 
"b/^.Thof  which  was  printed  at  Paris,  upon  the  15  of  June  i$66.  being  the 
K.>rw<,  <5th  Day  after  the  Birtli  of  this  young  Prince.  This  Performance  06 
our,  Author's,  was  highly  commended  by  every  Body,  that  Jiad  the 
leafl  Knowledge  in  Poetry ;  fo  that,  at  length  it  came  to  the  Hands; 
of  the  Courtiers,  as  an  extraordinary  Performance.  Which,  the* 
it  tended  very  much  to  our  Prelate's  Honour,  yet  it  proved  very  fa- 
tal to  liim  ;  for  he  had  unadvifedly  given  the  Title  of  King  of  France 
and  England  to  his  own  King.  The  Title  of  the  Poem  running 
thus,  Serenijfimi  ac  Nohilijfwi  Scotia,  Anglix,  Franci£  (^  Hiberntx. 
Principis^  Henrici  Stuart i  lUnfirijjimi  Herois,  ac  Marid  Kegina  Am- 
plijjimx  Ftlit  Genethliacum. 

This  could  not  fail  to  provoke  both  the  King  of  France  and 
for  which  b*  Queen  EliZjal^eth  againfl  him  ;  fo  he  was  feized  upon,  and  thrown 
iiimprifontd  ^^^^q  ^-^q^^  Piifon,  iu  which  he  remained  for  fix  Months;  and  at 
length,  at  the  earnefl  Sollicitation  of  Queen  e^ary,  back'd  with 
H.iifet.t  thofe  of  fevcral  Noblemen,  he  was  fet  at  Liberty.  After  this,  he 
lh.r"!i'.«u-  and  his  Pupil  went  ftraight  to  "Bruges,  where  both  of  them  entered 
Jauw!  ^  Students  of  the  Civil  Law  in  that  famous  Univerfity. 

Whil'll 

(4)  Vit.  Ph.  Adamfon,  ptr  TI)o.  Volus, 


Vol.  III.  Arch-Bifhof  of  St.  Andrews.  T^ 

Whilft  t\\cy  viGXQ  ^i  Bruges,  the  MafTacre  of  P^m  happened,'>^N^ 
which  piic  the  wliole  Trotcftants  o^  France  in  a  horrid  Confternari- ^^^^vC 
on ;  and  our  Author  and  his  Pupil,  as  he  tells  us  himfelF,  were  for 
feven  Months,  confined  to  a  Tavern  (4),  expecting  every  Day  to 
bemaOacred,  during  which  Time  he  wrote  his  poetical  Paraphrafe  h.  *,it,. 
upon  Joh,  and  his  Tragedy  of  Herod ;  o[  both  which  lie  font  Copies  \^Jt^l\"h 
to  Lyons  and  Farts.,  to  be  printed.  That  to  Lyons  was  dire(fled  to  "'""^"^ 
Romllius;  and  that  to  Farts  to  Lamhintis;  but  the  Civil  Wars  of 
ir<^«rf  hind  red  them  from  being  printed  at  tliat  Time  1 571.  And 
probably  they  had  never  been  printed,  had  it  not  been  for  a  very 
lingular  Accident,  for  both  Bomlltus  and  LAmbtnus  were  dead  and 
our  Author  had  no  Copy  of  it  to  himfelf  i  but  Dr.  Henry  Blackwood 
having  the  Infpedion  of  Lambinus  Papers  after  his  Death  found 
them  there,  and  fent  them  over  to  Scotland  to  our  Author.  His 
next  Performance  he  fays  {b),  was  his  fix  Books  of  the  Mofaical 
Polity ;  but  thefe  were  never  printed,  and  here  I  cannot  but  take 
Notice  of  what  our  Presbyterian  Hiftorians  fay  of  our  Prelate  (c\ 
if  we  may  believe  them  His  Fathers  Name  ty^j  Conftance  a  'Baker 
in  Perth,  and  under  the  Name  o/"Conftancc  he  ajjijledas  a  Mtnifter 
in  the  fir  ft  General  Aijembly  of  the  Ktrk  of  Scotland  tn  the  Tear  1560. 
Qy^fter  thts,  ha'ving  deferted  his  Mtniftry,  he  went  over  to  France  to 
ftudy  the  Lazvs ;  but  upon  his  Return,  he  betook  himfelf  again  to  the 
Miniftry,  and  being  baulk' d  of  the  Arch-btfhoprick  of  St.  Andrews  in 
the  <^onth  of  February  1 571.  he  preached  at  St.  Andrews  ;  and  in 
his  Sermon  told  the  Feopte,  that  there  were  three  Sorts  of  Bt/hops,  my 
Lord  Bifhop,  my  Lord's  'Bt/hop,  and  the  Lord's  Btfhop.  My  Lord 
Btfhop  was  in  the  Time  of  Topery,  My  Lord's  Bijhop  is  now,  when 
m'i  Lord  getteth  the  Fat  of  the  Benefice,  and  the  Btfhop  ferveth  for  a 
Portion  out  of  the  Benefice,  to  make  my  Lord's  Rtght  jure;  and  the 
Lord's  Bijhop,  is  the  true  Minifter  of  the  Gofpel.  Now  let  us  examine 
the  Truth  of  this  Story  ;  and  firft,  laying  afide  the  Improbability 
of  the  changing  of  his  Name,  wiien  his  Parents  werefo  well  known, 
and  without  afligning  any  Reafon  for  it,  the  moft  of  thefe  that  were 
prefent  at  the  firft  General  AfTembly  were  all  Laicks,  they  confifted 
fays  Mr.  Petrte  (d)  of  44  Pcrfons  ;  and  the  excellent  Mr.  Sage 
fafys  (e),  '  That  in  the  Manufcript  Extra(5t  which  he  had  of  the  Adls 
*<)f  the  General  Affembly,  he  found  cxadly  44  Names  :'•  But  (fays. 

*  he)  of  all  the  44,  there  were  not  above  9  at  mofl  who  were  called 

*  Miniftcrs  ■,  Co  that  at  leaf\,  more  than  ^o  were  but  lay  Brethren, 
<  according  to  the  then  Wav  of  Reckoning.  Probably  they  were 
'  generally  fuch,  if  you  fpealc  in  the  Dialeifl,    and  reckon  by  the 

*  Meafures  of  the  Catholik  Church  in  all  Ages '.  And  as  for  our 
Author's  being  one  of  them,  there  is  no  other  Reafon  given  but 
that,  Tiiat  there  was  one  Mr.  Patrick  Conftance  there  ;  and  as  for 
liis  Sermon  oreached  at  St.  Andrews  1571.  wherein  they  make  hira 
pun  fo  wittily  upon  the  Word  Bift^op ;  he  tells  us  hirofelf,  That  he 

Z  z  z  z  was 

C«)  Vid,  fi«f,  4<1  Jeb.     Ct;  iM.    (<)  Vidi  Pt(ri»,  CtUtrwetd,  kc.    (i)  ^.  ».  Pigc  iii,     (.)  Fuodwataul  Chut«v 


^66  The  Life  of  Mr.  TATRICK  ADAMSON,  Vol.  Ill 


hf^.    was  then  at  "Brtiges'm  France^  nor  did  lie  return  to  Scotland,  til)  tlic 
^^^^^^^    Year  1^7?.     And  one  of  his  crcateft  Enemies,  who  has  pul)lifhcd  art 

He  return!      ^"'  '  -^  r  %    ■      t  ■  r  ■    I     »  «  j      I  i-i  ^  I        i>      r.  r  -r-x 

toSicuti.  Account  of  his  Lite,  with  Mr.  Andrew  oyylelnjifs  Poems,  fays,  That 
upon  his  Return  to  Scotland,  he  married  a  Lawyer's  Daughter,  thin- 
king thereby,  to  gain  fom-C  Employment  to  hinifclf;  but  that  fail- 
ling  him,  and  being  redadled  to  great  Mifcry  and  Want,  he  retur- 
ned again  to  the  Miniftry,  and  that  Mr.  Andrew  Hay,  out  of  meer 
Compa(T]on  to  his  indigent  Circumftanccs,  provided  him  in  the 
Church  ot  Psijley :  But  the  Author  docs  not  confider,  in  the  Heac 
of  his  Padion  againft  our  Prelate,  that  he  makes  the  Church  he  de- 
fif^ns  to  extol,  guilty  of  a  great  Overfiglit  in  their  Difciplinc,  in  re- 
cftablifliing  him  in  the  Exercifeof  his  Miniflry,  upon  a  Secular  Con- 
ilderation,  witiiout  any  Ccnfurc-  But  we  fhall  proceed  to  the  Hi- 
flory  of  our  Author's  Life,  from  the  more  certain  Accounts  of  his 
co-temporary  Writers. 

Before  he  went  from  France^  he  tranflated  into  elegant  Latin  the 
Confefsion  of  Faith  that  was  approven  of  by  A(fb  of  Parliament,  and 
drawn  up  by  the  Reformers  as  the  Standard  of  their  Faith  :  Whe- 
ther he  diftributed  any  Copies  of  this  whilfl  he  was  at  Bruges,  whicK 
might  Iiave  been  the  probable  Caufe  of  his  Seven  Months  Conceal- 
ment, I  know  not  J  but  'tis  certain,  that  his  Landlord  who  did  con- 
ceal him  was  feverely  punifhed :  For  wc  are  told,  (a)  That  he  was 
thrown  headlong  from  the  Top  of  his  own  Houfe,  for  his  Hofpi- 
tality,  in  the  70"  Year  of  his  Age- 

Our  Prelate,  upon  his  Return  to  Scotland,  was  diffwaded  from 
profecuting  the  Study  of  the  Laws,  and  to  apply  himfelf  entirely  to 
Theology :  So  entring  into  Holy  Orders,  he  was  made  Minifter  at 

.u.c.io-  *?*'^'7^0'"     ^^^  *"  ^^^  ^^'^'^  1575-  '^^  w^^  one  of  thofe  Commiflioners 
h"iy_0'-  appointed  by  the  General  Aflembly  (I;)  to  confer  upon  the  Jurif^ 
^Vj'eMini-  didtion  and  Polity  of  the  Church :  And  in  a  General  AfTembly  con- 
ct.t  n.  .J.  ^^^^^^  ^^  Edinburgh  the  next   Year,    he   and  Mr.  Da'vid  Ltndfay 
were  appointed  to  acquaint  the  Regent  of  their  Proceedings.    And 
the  fame  Year  he  was  advanced  by  the  Regent  a^orton,  to  be  one 
of  his  Chaplains  (c) :  And  upon  the  Death  of  Bifhop  DougUfs,  he 
He  is  .dv.n-  prefented  him  to  the  Archbifhoprick  of  St.  .Andrews.     Upon  which, 
Arch-b.nio-  in  the  General  Aflembly  met  at  Edinburgh  in  the  Month  of  OSf.o- 
^MnwJ''  ber,   'twas  moved.  That  he  fhould  be  called  before  them  and  e>  a- 
mined  ;    and  he  being  enquired  if  he  would  fubmit  himfelf  to  the 
Affembly,  he  abfolutely  refufed  to  do  it,  it  being  no  ways  Confo- 
he'^r^S  nant  to  the  Epifcopal  Dignity,  that  the  Bifhop  fhould  fubied  him- 
AiTembf  of  felf  to  the  Cenfure  of  his  inferior  Presbyters.     And  from  this  Time 
»,"JK 'he  commenced  thcfe  Animofities  and  Heats  that  happened  betwixt 
''rick^'^"'  Mr.  Andrew  Me  hi  I  a.nd  himj  and- the  AfTembly  was  fo  difpleafeJ 
with  his  refufine  to  fubmit  himfelf  to  them,    that  they  difcharsed 
the  Chapter  to  proceed.     But  upon  a  new  Charge  given  them,  they 
proceeded  to  the  Election,  and  made  Choice  of  him ;  upon  which, 
in  the  General  Aflembly,  met  at  Edinburgh^  in  the  Month  of  April 
J  577- 

(«)  Tbo.  Vol.  JttJ.  ii  A«tli.  Sctig,     (J>)  C«Uci.  Hift.  ad  An.    (.[)  Ibidfpu 


He  tDteri 

to 

ders. 


Vol.  III.  Arch-'Bipof  of  St.  Andrews.  2^7 

1577.  ^"  Accufation  was  brought  againfl;  him,  for  having  entered  ^^'^ 
into  the  Bifhoprick,  contrary  to  the  Ads  and  Ordinances  of  the  ^^V*»' 
General  Adembly,  having  left  his  ordinary  Office  of  tlic  Miniftry, 
and  ufurped  the  Office  of  Vifitation  within  the  Bounds  of  Fife 
authorized  by  Commiffion  or  Power  from  the  Alfembly ;  and  be- 
caufe  he  was  abfent,  Power  and  Commiffion  was  given  to  Mr.  Ro- 
bert Pont,  Mr.  James  Lawjon,  "David  Fergujjon,  and  the  Superin- 
tendant  of  Fife,  conjunftly,  and  in  Cafe  of  the  faid  Superintcndanc 
his  Inability,  Mr.  David  Lindfay  and  John  Brand,  to  direct  Sum- 
mons out  againft  him,  to  appear  before  them,  at  fuch  a  Day  or 
Days  as  they  fhould  think  fitting,  within  tiie  Town  of  Edinbur^hy 
to  try  and  examine  his  Entry  into  the  faid  Bifhoprick,  the  Ufurpati- 
on  of  the  Office  of  Vifitation,  and  deferring  his  ordinary  Office  of 
the  Miniftry ;  with  Power  alfo  to  fummon  the  Chapter  of  St.  ^nd- 
reius,  or  fo  many  of  the  Chapter,  as  fhall  fecni  to  them  expedient 
if  need  require,  and  the  Ordainers  and  Inaugureis  of  the  faid  Mr. 
Patrick  oAdamJon,  as  they  fhall  think  good,  for  the  better  Trial  of 
the  Premifes,  and  what  herein  they  find  after  Trial,  to  Report  a- 
gain  to  the  next  General  Affembly  ;  and  in  the  mean  Time,  in 
Name  of  the  Affembly,  to  difcharge  him  of  further  Vifitation  of 
the  faid  Bounds,  till  he  be  admitted  by  an  AfTcmbly. 

Our  Prelate  this  Year,   publifhed  a  Catechifm  in  Latin   Verfe,  ih^'.^c^tel 
for  the  Ufe  of  the  young  Prince }  which  received  fuch  a  favourable  tu.'v.)f.^" 
Approbation  from  the  Publick,  that  it  was  defervcdly  look'd  upon 
as  a  Maflcr-piecc,  and  Mr.  Lawfon  and  Mr.  Pont  were  fo  well  plea- 
fed  with  it,  that  altho'  they  were  two  of  his  Perfccutors,  they  made 
two  Latin  Poems  in  Commendation  of  his  Performance.  In  a  Meet- 
ing of  the  General  Aflcmbly  at  Edinburgh,  in  the  Month  o(0(^ober 
1 578.  a  new  Commiffion  was  given  to  the  Minifters  of  Edinburghi 
and  to  Mr.  David  Lindfay,  Mr.  Robert  Pont,  David  Ferguffon  and 
John  Brand,  to  charge  him  with  the  Tranfgreflions  committed  by 
liim,  in  not  fubmitting  himfelf  to  the  Affembly,  according  to  the  "*fJbmu^to 
JDraught  they  had  prefented  him  with,   and  to  receive  his  Anfwer ;  i*"  ^^\'^'*' 
as  alfo,  to  charge  him  to  free  himfelf  of  the  Corruptions  of  thej^b  "'^'^''' 
Eftate  of  Bifhops  ill  his  Perfon,  particularly  to  be  fpecified  to  himi^""""*^' 
and  if  he  refufe,  that  after  Admonition  he  be  excommunicated,  by 
fuch  as  fhall  be  appointed  by  them  for  that  EfFedt. 

Thefc  harfli  Proceedings  againfl  oiir  Prelate,  made  him  agree  to 
Tome  Things  that  were  below  the  Epifcopal  Dignity,  particularly  in 
owning  thejir  Authority  over  jiim,  who  were  meer  Presbyters,  and 
ftridly  fpcaking,  the  mofl  part  Laicks,  that  had' ufurped  the  Mi- 
jiiflry,  and  that  he  did  approve  of  feveral  Heads  of  their  Polity, 
that  were  not  agreeable  to  Epifcopal' Jurifdidion.  Yet  all  this 
would  not  fatisfy  them,  therefore,  ina^Ieeting  of.the  General  Af^ 
Tcmbly  at  Edinburgh,  in  the  Mo^th  o^.Jtily  1579.  they  gave  Pow- 
er to  the  fame  Comjuiffioner^  who  wcrp  appointed  by  theit  lafl 
Aflcmbly,  tp  fummon  our  PrcUtc  to  ^pp):ar  before  tjiem  ^t  Edin- 

Z  2  2  2  1  htirjrhi 


368  The  Life  of  Mr.  PATRICK  ADAMSON,  Vol.  Jfr. 

JJ^''^^    l^urah,  with  all  convenient  Speed,  and  to  charge  him  with  the  par" 

"^""^     ticular  Oftenccs^  following. 

I  ft,  That  he  havin?  jubmitted  himfelf  to  the  yij]embly.,  went  im- 
rtjeclicttely  after  his  Stilmijjion,  and  -voted  in  Parliament,  id.  That 
he  has  vfven  Collation  of  the  Vtccarage  o/Boltoun,  ha'ving  no  Power 
qfVifttation,  in  the  Bounds  where  the  (aid  Viccarage  lieth.  3d,  That 
he  hath  agreed  to  all  the  Heads  of  Polity  excepting  fonr^  and  yet  oppo- 
(ed  the  fame.  At  the  Parliament  in  the  Year  1581.  our  Prelate  was 
leized  with  a  heavy  Sicknefs,  which  kept  him  all  tliatYear,  and  a 
good  Part  of  the  next;  and  becaufe  there  was  a  poor  Woman  who 
had  advifed  him  to  fome  fimplc  Remedy,  they  raifcd  a  Report  of 
Witchcraft  upon  her,  and  imprifoned  her  in  theCaftle  of  St.  ^«^- 
rezos  ;  and  becaufe  the  Bifhop  fet  her  at  Liberty,  they  told  tlie  Peo- 
ple from  their  Pulpits,  That  he  had  conjulted  the  Devil  for  the  Re- 
covery of  his  Health. 

In  the  Year  158?.  the  King  coming  to  St.  Andrews,   our  Prelate 

before  the  preached  a  Sermon  before  him,  wherein  he  mantained  the  Cauic  or 
"^  Epifcopacy  5  upon  which  a  publick  Difpute  enfued,  betwixt  him 
Difputtf    and  Mr.  Andrew  Melvil.     There  were  prefcnt  at  this  Difpute,  the 

ChMr.V  whole  Members  of  the  Univerfity,  the  King,  and  the  famous /rfwc/? 

d,.w  Mfioii.  p^^^  Saluflius  T)Hbartas.  People  decided  in  Favours  of  the  Dispu- 
tants, according  to  their  different  Capacities,  but  it  was  granted  by 
all,  that  the  Bifhop  fhowed  much  more  reading  in  the  Fathers,  than 
Mr.  Melvil  did. 

Tlie  General  Aflembly  having  met  at  'Edinburgh.,  in  the  Month 
He  ii  Turn-  of  October.,  our  Prelate  was  warned  by  the  Synod  of  Fife,  to  appear 

^T^'b^fori  before  the  AfTembly ;  but  he  not  compearing,  they  fufpended  him 

AfTembiv'"'  fron^  his  Office.     A  malicious  Report  being  fpread,    of  the  King's 

wKn  fufpend  jnclinatious  to  Popery,  to  fatisfy  the  Qiieen  of  England,  not  only 
in  this,    but  in  feveral  other  Things  which  the  fadlious  Miniflers 

Amb.nidot*  h^*^  fpread  Abroad,  concerning  the  King,  our  Prelate  was  fent  Am- 

10  QueeD  baffador  from  the  King  to  Queen  EHz^abeth.  And  Mr.  Wilfon  in 
his  Dedication  of  our  Prelate's  Work  to  King  James  VI.  appeals  to 
his  Majefty  for  his  good  Condudl  in  this  Negotiation  :  And  he  fays. 
That  his  eloquent  Preachings,  drawing  great  Concourfes  of  People 
to  him,  he  raifed  fuch  a  high  Idea  of  the  young  King  his  Mafter 
(whom  he  was  conflantly  extolling^  in  the  Minds  of  the  Englijh 
People,  that  Queen  EHzjabeth  difcnarged  him  from  preaching  any 
more  in  her  Dominions,  On  the  other  Hand,  the  Presbyterian 
Hiftorians  fay,  That  he  behaved  mofl  Difgracefully,  being  much 
given  to  drinking,  and  all  Manner  of  Lewdnefs  :  But  whatever 
Truth  be  in  this,  which  we  have  all  the  Reafon  in  the  World,  to 
fufpe(ft  to  be  only  their  Malice  againfl  him  ;  it  is  mofl  certain,  that 
he  involved  himfelf  into  great  Debts  by  his  Mifmanawement  j  and 
if  we  may  believe  Sir  James  Melvil  in  his  Memoirs  (a),  borrowed 
Gold  and  Precious  Furniture  from  the  Bi/hop  of  London  and  feveral 
others ;  which  was  never  returned,  nor  paid  for.  Yet  by  his  Nego- 
tiations 


Vol.  III.  ^rch-Bi/hop  of  St.  Andrews. 


3^9 


tiations  at  tli:it  Time>  he  very  mUch  flrengthned  the  Epifcopal  Par- 
ty in  Scotlitrtd;  which  the  King  had  now  eftabhfhed.    He  returned  aT^ 
6uc  of  England  immediately  after  the  Execution  of  the  Earl  of  ^^^i^ 
Cozvrie;    and  upon  iiis  Arrival  a  Parliament  was  immediately  cal- 
led, in  which  he  gave  an  Account  of  his  Negotiation  :  And  for  his 
good  Services  the  following  Commidion  was  granted  to  him  (a). 


OV  R  Sovereign  Lord,    tvith  AdnJtce  and  Confent  of  His  HiaL    AComm.f- 
ne\ss  1  rivy  Counal,    Ordains  a  Letter  to  be  made  under  the  ''V'''«Ki"< 
Great  Seal,  in  due  Form  ,    Giving  and  Granting  to  his  well-beloved  c""nea7. 
Cle^k  and  OrJtor,    Patrick  Archbtjhop  of  St.  AndrewV,   Power,  An-  *""" 
thoritj  and  Jurifdidion,  to  exerce  the  f amen  aArchbiJhoprick,  by  him- 
Jelf    his  Deputies  and  Commijsioners,    irt  all  Matters  Ecclefiafitcal, 
tvithin  the  Diocy  of  St.  AndrewV,    and  Sheriffdoms  which  have  beert 
heretofore  annexed  thereto ;.  zvith  Power  to  the  [aid  Archbi/hop,  under 
His  Highnefs,  to  call  and  conveen  Synodal  Ajjemblies  of  the  Mmiflry 
loithm  the  T>iocy,  for  keeping  of  good  Order,  maintaining  of  true  Do- 
Urine  and  Reformation  of  Manners ;    To  plant  Mtmflers  in  Kirks 
xvhich  (hall  happen  to  be  de folate  and  vacant ;  To  give  Admifsion  and 
Collation  of  Benefice  to  Perfons  qualified,    either  prefented  by  the  law- 
ful Patrons  or  Vs  ;  To  depofe  Terfons  unqualified,  and  unable  in  Life 
and  Dodrine  for  difcharging  their  Cure ;  (the  which  Perfons  being  Jo 
depojed,  their  Rents,  Stipends  and  Benefices  to  vaik  in  the  Hands  of 
the  lawful  Patrons,  to  be  conferred  a-new  to  qualified  and  godly  Perl 
Jons)  To  reform  Colleges,  Kirks,  and  other  juch  Places  appointed  for 
Learning  ;  To  place  and  di (place  Makers  of  Colleges  unqualified,  ac- 
cording to  the  Tenor  of  their  Rundation',    or  evil  afftded  to  Our 
Sert)ice  and  Obedience,   contraveening  by  Word  or  Wnt  Our  Royal 
Power  and  Privilege,  eftabltfi^ed  by  Our  Ute  Ads  of  Parliament,  or 
fianderinx  Vs  by  erroneous  T)odrine ;    To  vifit  the  Hofpitals  within 
theDioceJs,  and  Kirks,  and  to  fee  them  well  furnifi^ed,    maintained 
and  apparelled :    Commanding  Our  faithful  and  true  Subjeds  to  yield 
unto  the  Jaid  Patrick  Archbijhop  of  St.  AndrewV,  due  Obedience.    And 
that  the  jame  may  be  the  better  reverenced  and  obeyed.  We  have  given 
and  granted  Power  to  the  faid  Archbifhop,  to  have  one  of  the  moll 
vertv.oiis,  godly  and  honefi  Officers  at  Arms  zvithin  the  faid  Diocy^ 
who  fhaU  be  called  Officer  of  the  Kirk;  who  fhall,  in  Our  Name  and 
^Authority,    ajsifi:  the  afore  faid  Bifhop,    and  fhall  command  all  and 
Jundry  Contraveeners  and  Breakers  of  the  good  and  godly  Order  of  the 
Kirk,  of  vjhat  Degree  or  Gluality  Joever  they  be  under  Vs;  with  fuch 
^Penalties,  Mulds,  Imprijonments,  Repentances  and  Manner  thereof 
as  We,  Our  Counfellors  and  Officers  fhall  agreee  unto,  upon  the  humble 
Suit  of  the  laid  aArchbiJkop,  other  Bi/hops  or  Commifsioners  in  Eccle- 
fiaftical  Q^latters :    In  which,  if  the  faid  Archbifhop  and  Offcer  Id 
difobeyed,  We  will  account  the  Injury  done  to  Our  own  Per  (on,    and 
punijh  thejame  with  all  Rigour,   in  Example  of  Others :    Troviding 
always,  That  if  any  Perfon  or  Terfons  receive  any  intolerable  Wrongi 

A    9   9   9  a 


A  a  a  a  a 


(«)  OUvwood'i  HiAorfi  P.  i^i. 


370  The  Life  of  Mr.  PATRICK  ADAMSON,  Vol.  III. 


Air.r^..    or,  ivithont  Caufe  or  juji  Defervin^,  be  otherwife  ujed  by  thejatd  Ht- 
fhop  ;   then  the  Law  of  God,  and  the  lonjeahle  ConJlitHtion  of  this  Re- 


^^"^^^    (hop;   then  the  Law  of  God,  and  tlie  lo^eahle  ConJlitution  of  this  Re- 
alm doth  permit  1    it  fhaU  be  leijom  to  the  Per  Jons  fo  enormly  hurt  to 
appeal  to  Vs,  and  Our  Sovereign  oAmhority  to  be  inter poned  for  Re- 
metd  thereof;    for  if  the  Statue  and  Image  of  Superiors,    in  ancient 
^imesy  WAS  a  ftScient  Girth,  ^fyle  and  Trotelhon  to  them  that  had. 
Refuge  thereunto,  it  becometh  Vs  much  more,  in  our  Perjons,    to  be  a 
Comfort  and  Relief  to  thofe  that  Jhal/ Jeek  unto  Our  Clemency  dgatnfl 
whatfomever  Opprejsion  by  Spiritual  or  Temporal  Perjons ;    to  whom 
We  promife  Our  principal  Favour :  The  which  V/e  mind  always  to  ad- 
minijlrate,  by  the  Grace  of  God,    in  fuch  manner,  as  We  may  be  an- 
fwerable  to  him  zvhofe  Image  and  Lieutenantry  We  bear  in  this  Realm. 
oAnd  farther,  becaufe  it  ts  necejjaryfor  the  Kirk  of  Cod  and  Prefer- 
vation  of  ^ood  Order  to  be  maintained  therein,   that,  tvhen  Necefsity 
requireth,  ^the  Bifiop  of  every  Diocy,  and  fuch  other  learned  Men  of 
their  Diocy  as  /hall  be  thought  meet  for  that  Purpoje,  ajjemble  together 
for  taking  an  uniform  Order  to  be  obferved  in  the  Realm,  tn  Common 
Prayer  and  other  Things  requtfte  for  the  common  Eft  ate  of  the  Kirk , 
We,  of  Our  Trincely  rower.  Cram  the  Privilege  unto  the  faid  ylrch- 
bifhop  to  conveen  the  Reft :    Providing  always.  That  before  any  Con- 
vention General  of  the  Clergy,   the  faid  Bifhop  (hall  make  Vs  adver- 
tifed  of  the  necejfary  Caufes  of  the  forefaid  Convention,  that  We  may 
underftand  the  fame  to  tend  to  the  Welfare  of  the  Kirk  and  Tolicy  of 
the  Country  ;  and  that  the  [aid  Bifhop  may  have  Our  [pecial  Licence 
thereto  granted  to  him  under  Our  Privy  Seal ;  and  that  no  ^dion  or 
Conflitution,  made  by  the  Ajembly  of  'Biftjopsor  Clerks,  have  any  Forcet 
Strength  or  Efeit  luithin  Our  Realm,   to  bind  any  of  Our  Subje£ts^ 
unlejs  they  be  allowed,    approved  and  confirmed  by  Vs,   Our  Council 
and  Eft  ate,  and,  after  the  Approbation  of  Our  Royal  Authority,  they 
ftand  in  Jult  Force  and  Effeil. 

HavHteit      The  Fadtious  Minifters  having  writ  feveral  fcandalous  Libels  a- 
^t'htK.n".  gainft  the  Proceedings  of  tlic  Parliament,  our  Prelate  wrote,  in  the 
h.me.        Kino's  Name,  a  Declaration,   giving  the  World  an  Account  of  the 
Proceedings  of  the  Parliament,  and  the  Reafonablenefs  of  them,  and 
a  large  Preface,  wherein  he  gave  an  Account  of  the  treafonable  and 
vilainous  Proceedings  of  the  Presbyterian  Teachers,  which  highly  in- 
cenfed  them  ;    but  was  fo  acceptable  to  the  Englifh  Clergy,  that  in 
the  Month  of  February  1585.  'twas  re-printed  at  London  from  the 
Edinburgh  Copy  in  the  Month  of  January,   and  vaft  Numbers  of 
them  fold  :  And  Mr.  Thinne  has  inlerted  it  at  Length  in  his  Conti- 
nuation of  tJolinft)e(ts  Chronicle. 
HeUeKom-      ^'^^  Provincial  Synod  of  Fife  having  met  at  Si.  <iAndrAws,  they 
municite  by  fummoned  our  Prelate  to  compear  betore  them,  to  anfwer  to  whac 
lui  sywT  fhould  be  laid  to  his  Charge :   Which  he  having  done,    without; 
^^'^''       having  any  Regard  to  his  Anfwer,  they  paft  the  following  Sentence 
againll  him. 

Tho 


Vol-  HI.  yJrch-'BtJhop  of  St.  Andrews.  '  ^ 

'  Tlic  AUcnibly  having  confidered  and  tried  the  whole  Procefs  ^^-^^^ 

<  deduced  againft  Mr.  Patrick  Mamfon,  with  mature  Deliberatiou  t?V^' 

*  and  Conference ;  they  find,  That  the  faid  Mr.  Patrick  hath  no 

*  ways  amended  his  Contumacy  and  Difobedience  to  the  Kirk  of 

*  of  God  and  of  the  faid  Allembly,  conveened  in  the  Name  of  our 

*  Lord  Jtft4j ;    but  rather,  continuing  therein,  contemptuoufly  tra- 

<  vailetli  to  ufurp  and  exercc  his  tyrannical  Ambition  and  Supre- 
>*  macy  over  the  Kiik  of  God,  his  Brethren  and  this  prefent  Aflem- 

*  bly,   with  flanderous  Untruths,  as  well  againft  the  Word  as  againft 

*  fome  of  the  Brethren  :  And  being  defired,  by  divers  Admonitions 

*  given  to  him  by  certain  of  the  Brethren  in  Name  of  the  Aflembly, 
'  to  hear  the  Voice  of  the  Kirk;  he  not  only  contemptuoufly  and 
*■  difdainfully  refufed  the  Cenfure  and  Judgment  thereof  to  be  tried 

*  by  the  AlFembly,  but  claiming  Supremacy  and  Judgment  above 
'  tliem,  heapeth  up  Contempt  againft  the  Ordinance  of  Jejiu  Chriffj 

*  adding  thereto  the  Notoriety  of  the  Accufation  before  the  Gene- 

*  ral  Aflcmbly  ;   wherein  he  was  thought  worthy,    for  weicrhty  and 

*  great  Caufes  and  Crimes,   to  be  fufpended  indeed  from^all  Fun- 

*  dlion  of  the  Miniftry,    as  an  Adl  made  by  the  General  Aflembly 

*  in  O^okr  1 585.  produc'd  and  read  in  this  Synodal  AfTembly,   at 

*  more  Length  proports:  Contrary  to  the  Tenor  whefeof,  he  hath 

*  not  only  ufurped  the  forefaid  Funcflion,    againft  the  Ordinance  of 

*  the  Kirk,  and  to  the  heavy  Slander  of  the  Miniftry;    but  alfo  dif^ 

*  played  a  Banner  againft  the  whole  good  Order  and  Government 

*  of  the  Kirk  pradifed  within  this  Realm,  with  moft  fruitful  Efre(5ts 

*  fbllowing  thereupon  fince  the  Reformation  of  Religion  within  the 

*  lame  >    and  fpecially,  his  notorious  Impugning  the  fettled  Order 

*  of  the  Generai  Afremblies  and  Presbyteries,   which  arc  grounded 

*  upon  the  fafne  Word  :    Therefor,  and  for  divers  other  notorious 

*  Slanders  whereof  he  was  to  be  accufed,   and  refufing  to  underly 

*  any  lawful-Trial ;  the  AfTembly,  in  the  Fear  of  God  and  Name  of 

*  fejtH  Chrtfiy    moved  bv  Zeal  to  the  Glory  of  God  and  Purging 

*  of  this  Kirk,   ordains  the  faid  Sentence  of  Excommunication  in- 

*  ftantly  to  be  put  in  Execution  in  Face  of  the  Affembly,  and  by  the 

*  Mouth  of  Mr.  Andtew  Hunter  Minifter  at  Carnbie^  at  Corfimand 

*  and  Appointment  of  the  Affembly;    Declareth  him  to  be  one  of 

*  th6fc  wnom  C/^r/y?  commandeth  to  be  holden,   by  all  and  every 

*  one  of  the  F^thful, .  41s  an  Heathen  or  Publican  i    and  ordainetn 

*  the  Sentefice  of  Excommunication  to  be  intimated  in  all  Kirk$, 

*  that  none  pretend  Ignqrajice  thereof*.  And  accordingly  he  was 
excommunicated, .  nocwitbilantjing  th^t  he  had  appealed  from  them 
to  the  GenciaLAffembiy  of  the  Kirk  proclaimed  by  His  Majefty  uj>- 
on  tlie  iith;of  A%y  And  th^s  was  done  in  the  Month  of  nAprU 
1586. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  Archbifhop  caufed  the  Moderator  of  the 
AfTembly,  Mr.  "jarries  Mehil^  to  be  excommunicated,  and  hisBro- 
chcr  Mr.  aAndreiu,  and  all  thcfeof  the. Synod  that  adhered  to  die 
Sentence  paft  againft  him :   And  fome  Days  after  he  publi&ed  an 

A  a  a  a  a  2  Ka- 


371  T'/;fL//>o/Afr.  PATRICK  ADA  MSONi  Vol. /If. 

J^,V7    Account  of  their  whole  Proceedings  againflhim,  and  made  an  Ap- 
^^"V^    peal  from  them  to  the  Kinp,  the  Three  Eftates  of  Parliament,  and 
the  cnfuing  General  Aflcmbly. 

The  General  Affcmbly  having  met  at  BdinhHrgh  upon  the  Tenth 
Thf  r.,nf-  of  c?Wrtj,  amongft  other  Tilings,  they  took  into  their  Confidcra- 
IbfoiveThim  tion  the  Sentence  of  Excommunication  againft  our  Prelate,  and  ab- 
folved  him  from  the  fame ;  but  Mr.  Andrew  Humeri  who  pro- 
nounced the  Sentence  againfliiim,  protefted  againrt  the  Alfcmbly; 
and  Mr.  yindreiv  cy^ehil  and  Mr.  T^jomas  Buchanan  adhered  to 
his  Proteftation  :  But  after  the  Aflembly  was  diifolved,  their  Sen- 
tence of  Abfolution  was  intimate  to  tiic  People  by  Sound  of  Trum- 
pet; and  by  an  Order  of  the  Privy  Council,  he  was  appointed  to, 
teach  two  Leflbns  of  Theology  every  Week  within  St.  Salvador  i 
College. 

The  General  Afl'eiubly  having  met  at  Edinburgh  in  the  Month 
of  June  1 587.  a  Complaint  was  given  in  againfl:  our  Prelate,  for 
having  fuflPered  himfelf  to  be  denounced  Rebel,  and  put  to  the 
Horn  for  his  Debts,  which  made  many  propofe  to  them,  if  they 
could  hear  him  without  being  guilty  of  Scandal :  But  the  King's 
Commiffioners  moved,  that  nothing  fhould  be  done  againft  him, 
till  fuch  time  as  the  Matter  fhould  be  examined  before  tnc  King. 

The  General  AfTembly  having  met  at  Edinburgh  in  the  Month  of 
j4ugiiji  1 588.  our  Prelate  was  cited  to  compear  before  them,  for 
b".*r"tht"*  having  married  the  Earl  of  Huntly  without  obliging  him  to  fub- 
m»5!'nBfh«'  fcribe  the  Confefsion  of  Ruth:  But  he  not  compearing,  the  Aflembly 
h.  of  hh^iij.  g^yg  Commifllon  to  the  Presbytery  o(  Edinburgh  to  fummon  him 
to  compear  before  them  at  fuch  convenient  Times  as  they  fhould 
think  expedient,  and  to  proceed  and  give  Sentence  againfl  him  ac- 
cording to  the  Difcipline  of  the  Kirk,  as  the  AfTemblyiit  felf  might 
do. 
He  pubu-      In   t'i6  Beginning  of  the  Year  1 590.  our  Prelate  publifhed  the 
""ni''"nV"  Lamentations  of  the  Prophet  feremiah  in  Latin  Verle,    which  he 
dedicated  to  the  King  ;    and  towards  the  latter  End  of  the  fame 
Year,  he  publifhed  the  Apocalipfc  in  Latin  Verfe,    which  he  dedi- 
cated likewife  to  the  King ;  and  in  his  Dedication,  complains  of  the 
harfh  Ufage  he  met  with  from  Mr.  Andrew  Mehil  and  his  Copart- 
ners :  And  indeed  after  this,  we  find,  that  they  mifreprefenrcd  him 
fo  to  his  Majefly,  that  the  King  gave  the  Liferent  of  his  Biihoprick 
to  the  Duke  of  Lennox ;  by  which  Means,   and  the  Debts  which  he 
had  contracted,  he  and  his  Family  were  reduced  to  a  flarving  Con- 
dition ;  and  if  we  may  believe  the  Presbyterian  Hiflorians,  he  was 
fupplicd  by  their  Charity;  but  how  improbable  this  is,  will  appear 
from  the  following  Copy  of  Verfes,    addrcfTed  to  the  King  about 
this  Time,  wherein  he  bcggs  his  Protection  againfl  them. 


M 


VoL  III.  Anh-Bifhop  of  St.  Andrews. 


yicl  JUufirijJimum  (^  Sereniffimum   Principem,  Jacobum  fextum-  ^Ai^ 
Scotortim  Regem  AdhortatiOy  qua  fe  andiri  pofiuUt,  granjijjimis 
adverjariorum  odiis,     (^   iniquis    calummis  lacejfitus  At*thor 
alioquens  Mujam. 

AVfpiciis  J  Mtija  bonis^  bete  lim'tna  Regis, 
Dijf  cites  aditus  non  habet  ille  locus. 
Jnvenies  iUic  cafias,  tua  vota,  [ororesy 

Mujarum  princeps  pr&Jldet  ipfe  choro. 
Cum  te  lugubrem,  cum  trifi,ia  -viderit  ora^ 

Jnquiret  JubitA,  quA  tibi  caufa  'vis,  efi. 
Tu  -veniam  pr&fata  prius,  pedibujque  -voluta, 

Pro  'Domtno  Uchrymas  dixeris  ejfe  tuo. 
Abjecit  aS^'ifas,  fpntifque  Heliconida  Lymphis, 

jBt  luilu  (J  lachrymis  vix  fuperejfe  putes- 
Nejcio  quid  toto  fujpirat  pedfore  Regewy 

Regem  Jole  novo^  fole  cadente  'vocat. 
Nee  petit  ille  nefas.,  jujia  libramina  lands, 

Pojiulat  imperii  jura  jidemque  tut. 
Si've  ilium  occult  is  ttchnis  gens  fubdola  'vexet, 

Seu  premat  opprobrii  e^ehiniana  cohors  : 
Audi  lUum^  Rex  audi  inquam,  (i  njera  recorder, 

Haud  unquam  caufa  defuit  ille  tu*. 
Cum  quondam  ajfereret,  triplicis  tua  jura  corona, 

Partfiis  arClo  carcere  vinous  erat. 
Et  quum  dijjereret,  tua  magna  encomia  laudans, 

Londini,  applaufus  Uta  theatra  dahant. 
^Tempora  quid  memorem,   quorum  pars  magna  fuijti, 

Innjidioja,  quibus  fdus  Athleta  fuit, 
Sic  proprias  exhaujit  opes,  impendta  nulla 

Rettulitt  hdc  auU  gratia  folafuit. 
Glmd  te  per  c^ufas,  geniumque  65*  debita  fatis, 

Regna  tuis,  nojiri  nunc  mijerere  precor. 
His  dt^isy  pojlquam  furgentes  or  dine  Mujas, 

Vtderit  ad  Uchrymas  ingemuijje  tuas, 
Et  trijli  afpiciens  Bartajia  numina  vultu, 

Haud  dubie  njotis  annuet  ille  tuts. 
Tt*  voti  compos  caveas  ne  defide  penna 

Segnior  in  laudes  reperiare  Juas. 

Mr.  Calderwood  fays  (a),    '  That  in  a  Meeting  of  the  Provincial    ».  D«.th 
«  AfTcmbly  of  ///if,    conveened  at  St.  aAndrews,  in  the  Month  of  g^  ^'^* 

*  Aprtl  1 59 1.  Mr.  John  Caldclough  prefentcd  in  Mr.  Patrick  Adan> 
<  yow's  Name,  certain  Articles  written  in  Latin,  containing  his  Re- 
«  cantaiion,  which  were  read :  and  the  Synod  diredbed  the  Redlor 

♦  of  the  Univerfity,  Mt.  Andrew  Mehil,  Mr.  Robert  PVilkie,  David 

B  bbbb  «  fergufon 

is)  C«Ucr«r»o4'«  C^ufch  Hitwfi  P>((  tyj. 


374  "^^f  Ltfe  of  Mr.  PATRICK  ADAMSON,  Vol.  III. 

A^cO^    '  Ferqufjon  and  Mr.  Nkol  DalgUiJh  to  him,  to  crave  a  more  dear 
*^^^    '  and  ample  Recantation  in  tlic  vulgar  Tongue  j  which  he  did,  and 

*  fubfcribcd  with  his  own  Hand;  which  Recantation  he  inlcrts  at 

*  Large  :  And  in  the  Paragraph  immediately  preceeding  this,  he 
'  (iiys,  his  NecefTity  was  fo  great,  that  he  was  forced  to  crave  Help 

*  ot  Mr  yindrew  Melvil,  confefted  his  OfFences,  and  offered  to  pre- 

*  fent  himfelf  to  the  Pulpit  and  make  publick  Confelfion  :  .But liaJ 

*  not  the  Hap  to  perform  it.     He  fent  to  the  Presbytery  6f  St.  j4nd- 

*  reivs    and  defired  to  be  abfolved  from  tlie  Sentence  of  Excommu- 

*  nication.     Th.e  Brethren  doubting,  whether  his  Defire  proceeded 

*  from  Trouble  of  Mind,  or  if  it  was  a  Shift,  only  to  get  fome  Sup- 
'  port,  dire(fted  Mr.  James  Melvil  and  Mr.  Andrew  Q^oncrief  to 
'  try  him.  As  foon  as  he  faw  Mr.  James,  he  pull'd  off  his  Cap  and 
'  cried,  Forghe  m,  forpi-ve  me  jor  Gods  Sake,  c/^r.  James,  for  I 

*  have  many  Ways  ofemed yoH.  Mr.  ^rtww  forgave  him,  and  ex- 
'  horted  him  to  unfeigned  Repentance.     When  he  was  asked,   if 

*  he  acknowledged  the  Validity  of  the  Sentence  of  Excommunica- 
'  tion  pronounced  againft  him  ?  He  interrupted  Mr.  James,  and 
'  cried  pitifully  and  often,    Loofe  me  for  Chrif's  Sake.     At  their 

*  Report,    the  Brethren,    with  Prayer  and  Thankfgiving,    abfolvcd 

*  him. 

All  this  has  fo  much  the  Air  of  a  Fable  in  it,  that  the  very  reci- 
tin<^  of  it,  is  a  fufficient  Confutation  of  it ;  unlcfs  we  fuppofe,  thac 
ou?  Prelate  was  wrong  in  the  Head,  and  indeed  it  looks  like  the 
Ravines  of  one  in  a  Fever  :  For  is  it  to  be  fuppofed,  that  the  Bi- 
fhop  was  fo  void  of  Senfe,  that  he  had  more  Regard  to  the  Sen- 
tence of  a  provincial  Synod  paft  againft  him,  than  of  a  General 
AfTembly  that  abfolved  him:  And  altho'  in  his  Chriftian  Charity 
he  mi"ht,  and  no  Doubt  did  forgive  his  Enemies,  and  particularly 
the  ey^dehils  ;  yet  to  make  him  acknowledge  that  he  was  only  in 
the  Wrong,  and  cry  for  Mercy  like  a  Child  whipt  at  School,  is  fo 
ridiculous,'that  the  Author  it  feems  has  only  inferred  it,  to  vindicate 
his  Characfterof  our  Prelate  ;  for,  fpeaking  of  his  Death  he  faysi'^;, 
Mr.  "Danjtd  Black,  a  Man  mighty  in  Dodrine,  and  fingular  Fide- 
lity and  Diligence  in  the  CaUing  of  the  Miniftry,  came  to  Mr.  Pa- 
trick in  February  the  Year  following,  when  he  was  drawing  near  to 
his  End,  and  found  him  as  he  lived,  Senfelefs. 

Archbifhop  Spgtfwood  gives  another  Account  of  this  Affair,  tho' 
it  does  not  much  mend  the  Matter;  for  he  fays  (^;,  fpeaking  of  the 
Provincial  Synod  of  Fife ;   '  In  this  AfTembly,  certain  Articles  were 

*  prefented,  fubfcribed  by  the  Archbifhop  of  St.  oAndrews,  allow- 

*  ing  the  Presbyterial  Difcipline,  and  condemning  the  Government 

*  Epifcopal ;  which  were  afterward  imprinted,  under  the  Title  of 
«  Mr.  Patrick  Adamfons  Recantation.  The  Bi/hop  lay  Bed-faft  ac 
«  the  Time,  and  was  fallen  into  great  NecefTity  by  his  own  Mifgo- 
«  vernment,  whereof  his  Adverfaries  taking  Advantage,  it  was  dtvi- 
'  fed,  That  he  fliould  be  vifited  by  fome  of  the  Brethren,  and  dc/T- 

'rcd 


C«)  »»6«  »<5-    C*)  Sfoif.  HiA.  Lib.  «.  P*g«  387. 


Vol.  III.  y^rch-'BiJhop  of  St.  Andrews.  2-7^ 

*  led  to  leave  a  Telliniony  under  his  Hand,  ot  his  Opinion  of  Mat-  J**''^'*^ 
'  ters  of  Difcipline-     This  being  moved  unto  him,  he  faid.  That  he  v^v^ 

*  did  not  trouble  himfclf  with  fuch  Thoughts  at  that  Time,  and  had 

*  never  allowed  of  any  other  Bifhop  in  the  Church,   but  St.  PauN 

*  Bifhop,  which  he  would  willingly  fet  his  Hand  to.  Upon  this  his 
I  Anfwer,  were  thefc  Articles  drawn  up  and  lubfcribed  by  him  5  whe- 

*  thcr  he  knew  what  was  contained  in  them,  or  that  he  was  induced 

*  thereto,   by  a  poor  CoUedion  that  they  gave  him  in  the  Time 

*  ("for  fo  the  Report  went)  or  otherwife,  it  is  uncertain  :    But  when 

*  it  was  told  him  that  fuch  a  Recantation  was  publifhedin  his  Name, 

*  he  complained  heavily  of  the  Wrong  that  was  done  him,  and  com- 
'  mittin<y  his  Caufe  to  God,  ended  his  Days  in  the  End  of  the  Year 
'  1591.     A  Man  he  was  of  great  Learning,  and  a  moft  perfuafive 

*  Preacher;    but    an  ill   Adminiftrator  of  the   Church-patrimony, 

*  which  broiight  him  to  the  Mifery  that  is  pitiful  to  think  of     Di- 

*  vers  Works  he  left;  of  which  fome  arc  extant  which  Ihew  hisLear- 
'  nincT :    But  his  Preledions  upon  the  Epiflle  to  Ttmothy,    which 

*  were  mofl  dcfir'd,  falling  into  the  Hands  of  his  Adverfaries,  were 

*  fuppreffed. 

Mr.  Wtlfon,  who  publifhes  our  Prelate's  Works,  tells  us,  That  he 
was  a  Prelate  endowed  with  fuch  excellent  Qualifications,  both  as 
to  Mind  and  Body,  tliat  he  was  a  Miracle  of  Nature,  and  rather 
feemed  to  be  the  immediate  Produdion  of  God  Almighty  than 
born  of  a  Woman  j  beipg  a  profound  Theologue,  an  incomparable 
Poet  an  eloquent  Qf:£^tDr,  well  feen  in  the  Greek  and  Latin  Lan- 
guaees;  a  Prelate  of  ^reat  Prudence,  Experience,  and  Wifdom  in 
the  Management  of  Affairs,  skilful  in  the  Civil  and  Canon  Lawj 
and  of  fo  happy  a  Memory,  that  he  did  not  know  what  it  was  tq 
foreet  any  thino  that  he  haa  either  heard  or  read  :  So  that  the  Death 
of  Tuch  a  Perfon,  who  was  the  Glory  of  his  Country  and  of  theRe- 
publickof  Letters,  can  never  be  too  much  lamented  :  And  a  great 
deal  more  to  this  Purpofe.  But  that  I  may  fatisfic  the  Reader's  Cu- 
rriofity,  I  fhall  fet  down  his  own  Words,  in  his  Preface  to  the  Rea- 
der^ before  our  Author's  Parafhrafe  upon  Job. 

Jt  in  re  Poetica  quis  Jit,  quantufve,  res  ipfa  loquitur  :'hoc  unum 
audeo  affirmare,  Nerritnem,  nee  Theologia  fctentia,  Fidei  ChrifitanA 
analopa,  facrd  paging  notitiay  nec^ue  Unguxfanax^enutna  ac  ortho- 
doxa  verfme,  ex  tdtomatis  proprietate,  nitore  ac  purttate,  (quod  cttra 
cu]u(qmm  coHturneltam  diHum  'veltm)  fimde  qutd  tentajje,  Nunc 
natura  (D<xoxaA8v,  hoc  eft,  pulchri  ^  honefti  ftudiofum  finxtt,,  cut  ve- 
ra inftdcbat  f^l^^  anmi  {cHicet  tranquiliitas j  in  quo  <vtrtutts 
omnis  braaea,  ^  leminarium  quodd^m,  natural*  ]ua$ndoU,  medul- 
Ittiuqutdem  («f  Plautina  wcf  «/-«r)  (^  dtvtmtt<4  mhxreht  i  cundfts 
anirm  ^  corporis  dott^M  pnditw :  iS  (f«A;f4  M.  TqlUum;  naturt 
munerihui  adeo  ornatus,  u(  non  natiu,  fed  a  Deofianf  vtdeatur :  (^ 
cut  arte  benigna  {ut  fert  JuvenaUs)  (^  meltore  luto  finxtt  prxcordta, 
Titan      Dtvtnt^  Theologtu,    linfi*^  facTA  [ui  temports  Conphaeus  i 

Bbbbb  i  ora- 


57<5  The  Life  of  Mr.  ?Ar KICK  ADA  MSO>^.  Vol.  III. 

'^^-'^'^  orator  (umrntis,  [uadendo  aptijsimM,  poeta  inftgnis,  falix  m  to  color, 
C2%^  cuUm  non  invijHs,  temper atum  judicium,  dUito  Candida,  numeri  non 
tiffed  at  i,  ujti  rerum,  prudent  ta  ^  experientia  plurimum  pollens;  (^ 
mafi  alter  jcientiarum  ^  Itnguarum  orbts,  nihil  hominem  latuit : 
Immo,  mod  omnium  maxime  mirum  €5*  rarum  tjl,  ret  femel  UHa  Jen 
(luditA  oblivijci  nuTjquam  potutt.  O  auA  profu/ijsima  lachryma,  tan-' 
turn  literarum  decus,  gentts  Jut.  illujtrijstwum  lumen  ;  tantam  pru- 
dentin  ajHuenttam  morte  in  uno  illo  extmHam,  jatis  digne  unquarn 
defere  pojjunt ! 

Yet  nocwithftanding  of  all  thefe  high  Elogiums,  it  mufl:  be  ac- . 
knowledged,  that  our  Prelate  had  not  fo  much  Prudence  and  Ma- 
naf^ement  as  could  have  been  vvifh'd  in  a  Pcrfon  of  his  Chara(5ler, 
otlierwife  he  had  not  reduc'd  himfelf  and  Family  to  the  pinching 
Circumftances  that  Mr.  Wtljon  acknowledges  he  brought  his  Family 
to :  Neither  Teems  he  to  have  had  fuch  Knowledge  in  the  Writings 
of  the  primitive  Fathers  and  the  Difciplineof  the  primitive  Church, 
as  was  rcquifue  in  a  Perfon  of  his  Charadter,  otherwife  he  had  not 
made  fuch  ConcefTions  and  Compliances  with  Mr.  Melvin  and  his 
Brethren  as  he  did :  And  altho'  never  Prelate  of  fo  much  Learning 
and  Merit  as  he  had,  was  fo  much  calumniated  by  themj  yet  he 
had  not  that  Firmnefs  and  Refolution  that  was  requifite  to  oppofe 
their  Malice;  which  made  many  believe,  that  he  was  guilty  of  what 
he  was  really  innocent  of:  And  he  was  fo  far  from  being  ftupid 
and  fenflcfs  in  his  laft  Minutes,  as  they  reprefent  him,  that  ne  com- 
pofed  the  following  Divine  Poem,  addrefled  to  his  Soul  then  ready 
to  part  with  his  Body :  By  which  the  Reader  may  judge  of  the 
Brightnefs  of  his  dying  Sentiments,  and  the  hellifh  Contrivances 
of  his  Enemies. 

O  Anima !  ajsiduis  njitA  jalfata  procellis, 
£xilii  pertAja  granjts ;  nunc  lubrica,  tempfu 
Regna  tibi,^  ^  Mundi  invtjas  contemnere  fordes. 
§lftippe  Tarens  rerum^  cceco  te  corpore  clemens 
E'VOCAt,  (^  verbi  cruet  fixi  gratia^  cceli 
Fandtt  iter,  patrioque  beatam  limine  Jt/iet 
Progenies  Jovx,  quo  te  calejiis  origo 
Jnnjitaty  fcelix  perge,  Aternumque  quiejce. 
Exuvia    carnis,  cognato  in  puhere  'vocem 
Jtngelicam  expedient,  fonitu  quo  putre  cadaver 
Extliet  redivtvumy    &  totum  me  tibi  reddet 
Ecce  beata  dies  :    nos  jiini  dextera  ligno 
fulgentes  Crucis,  ^  radt  antes  fanguine  njivo 
Excipiet.  Qjiitm  firma  illic  quam  cert  a  capejfes 
Caudia,  feltces  inter  novus  tncola  cfvtsf 

iiAlme  Deus,  ^eus  alme  (f  non  efahile  numen 
Ad  te  mtim  dS"  trinums  morihndo  peiiore  anhelo. 

And 


Vol.  III.  Jrdh-'BiJhop  of  St.  Andrews.  ,-- 

And  thus  expired  our  learned  and  pious  Prelate ;    And  I  doubt 
if  there  can  be  many  Inftances  given  of  Perfons  compofing  Poems  <^-^^*»^ 
like  to  this  in  the  Agonies  of  Death;  which  (hews,  of  what  a  Divine  srvC 
Frame  and  Make  the  Soul  of  our  Author  was.      Many  excellent  E- 
pitaphs  and  Poems  were  made  upon  him  ,    but  I  Ihall  only  t<puljlc 
the  Reader  with  that  compofed  by  Mr.  Wiljon. 

QVifquis,  ab  exfremo  njeniens  oriente^  Viator^ 
Tergts  ad  oceani,  (jua  fol  cadit  aureus^  urtdat  i 
C^eu  jjfocul  a  medii  calidts  humor  thus  aufiri 
T^endis,    hyperboreo  rigidum  contingere  littus 
frigore,  ^  infam  njentos  aqutlonejurentes 
Excitus  fama  mgenti,  quA  tanta  jub  auras 
fertur,  ($'  immenfum  late  circunfuoUt  orbem^ 
cyMagna  fonans,  magnum  afsiduo  vigil  aera  cantU, 
*Durtt  ftrtdens  movety  atque  fe  expattata  repente 
Sublimem  excelfo  toUtt  fuper  dthere  magnum, 
Regni  Primatem,  doilum,  proh !  funere  ademptum, 
Mutate  ^  rofeum  pallenti  morte  colorem  : 
Hie  confifie ;  Vides  atro  de  marmore  limen 
Vfcinumy  tumulumque  granjem,  mo  membra  fepulchro 
Mortua  condunturj  magni  poji  funera  patris. 
Livida^proh!  hominemmors  corripit,  occidituna, 
Ouidit  jionidum  cUrum  decus,   ipjaque  acerbo' 
JFlevit  inexpletum  maefiifsima  Scotia  cafu. 
At  pafsiM  errantes  lachrymas  fudere  Camcenoy 
£t  genus  Aonidum  vates,  (^  quifquis  am&num 
Facundo  'volucris  forttem  bibet  ore  caballi. 
J<lec  minus  attonitA  gtxnuit  pars  maxima  plebf/, 
Jndeploratum  non  hunc  in  morte  fupremaj 
Reli^io,  pietajquefmunt,.^  Numina  T>i'uumf 
Sic  humana  Erebi  rapit  implacabilis  atra 
Omnia  no6fe{lues',  jlcaltUm  exangUe  foporem 
Corpus  hunto  carpit  gelida,  manefque  fepuUtt 
Fama  (edjiternum  duraty   multoque  Juperfies 
^fvit  inextjnUo  per  JAcula  mmen  honor e. 

Tho  Wolufenus  parcnfaVit. 

As  our  Author  was  one  of  the  learncdft  Men  of  his  Age,  Co  he 
was  acquainted  with  many  of  the  learnedfl  Men  in  France  arid  !2r/- 
tain\  efpecially  the  Engtijh  Bi(hops  find  Clergy,  with  whorn  he 
kept  a  clofe  Coilrcfpondcnce',  and  wh6  honoured  him  with  that  Re  I 
fpcO:  that  was  due  to  his  Merit  upon  all  Occafions^  Thej&counc 
of  his  Works  I  (hall  give  the  Readctliii  Mr.  IVtlfons  Words,  who 
publi(hpd  th«  tnofl  of  theoi- 


c  c  c  c  c  The 


378  The  Ltfe  of. Mr.?  ATKICK  ADA  MSON.  Vol.  fir. 

The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

NE  te  latecit  (Pie  Le<3or)  quas  Iticulrationes  ac  operofas  vi^ilias 
Author  conjcrif ferity  has  in  u[um  tnum  jnLjmj^cre  'vijum  c(l . 
jcrtp/it  autem  compluria. 

I.  ydc  primUm  ad'verjus  papifrnum,  in  craj]iores  ejujdem  ahujus,  ac  de 
juperflitiojis  papicolarum  ineptiis.  Datum  Sctn6H  Andre&y  4 
Calcndas  Septemhrisy  (t4nm  1 5(54. 

II'  QnechijMUS  Latino  carmine  redclitus,  (^  in  Li  (pros  qt4atuor  diae- 
ps,  1577. 

III.  Serenijfimi  ^  Nooilijfimi,  Scotiity  Anglic,  FranciA  ^  Hiherniae 
Principis  Hennci  Stuarti,  JllHJlrijjimi  Heroisac  Maria,  Reain£ 
ampltjjim£  Filii  Genethliacum.  Pari/tis  confcriptHniy  ^ibi- 
dem typis  audacius  comrnijJHmy  25  Jtmiiy  Sexto  a  partu  die^ 
I  $66. 

IV.  Scrip/it  Bit Hr gibus  GaUorum  in  ipfo  Belli  Civilis  furore  €5*  in- 
cendtOy  in  C^naculo  (ut  fert  ipfe)  apud  Hofpitem  Biturigenfem^ 
quotidiano  vita  periculo  jcptem  menfes  delitefcensy  dum  Marty- 
rii  Pari/ien/ts  rabies  conjlagrarety  Jobi  illam  Htjloriam  prAcU- 
ram  patientiae  ac  confianttae  Orthoiypumy  cum  Tragoedta  illms 
Herodis  qui  ab  Angela  percujjus  teterrime  expiravity  1571. 

V.  j^pocalypfis  S.  Joannis  Ihologiy  Latino  carmine  redditay  Sandi 
yindrexy  i5t/0. 

VI.  Hirenorumfi've  Lamentationum  E  Elciae  Libel/us,  Latino  Carmi- 
ne rcdditusy   Fano  Andre &y   1590. 

VII.  Confejjio  Fidei  ^  Do6lrin&y  per  Eccleftam  Reformatam  Re^ni 
Scotiae  receptae,  exhibits  ordinibus  Regni  ejujdem  in  pubucis 
Parliamenti  (ut  vocant)  Comitiis,  (^  eorum  commnni  conjenfti 
approbate,  uti  certijjimis  fundamentis  verbi  Dei  innixae  (^ 
confentaneA,  i^Jl- 

VIII.  Diledlis  in  Chrifto  fratribus  fuis,  D.  D.  Roberto  Pontano  (^ 
Nicolao  Dalglefheoy  Ecclefu  ScoticanA  PafioribuSy  ac  Eccle/iajfi- 
CO  comitiorum  publicorum  ediifo  in  jeptentrionales  Scot i a  Regni 
partes  emijjis  ad  Paptfmi  facem  ibidem  refiinguendaw,  pru- 
dentijjimum  ^  faluberrimum  Authoris  conjilium  comple^ens  de 
EcclefiA  ejujdem  politia  ^  moderatione  158(5. 

IX.  Sele^iora  quAdam  ex  aliis  per  mult  is  Author  is  Epigramma- 
ta. 

Haec  omnia  fimul  edita  funt  Londini,  1^19.  apud  Joannem  Xil- 
Hum,  in  4to. 

Opera  inedita> 

X.  Sex  de  politia  Mofaica  Libros,  cum  EccleJiA  Orthodox*  Hicrarchia 
foltita  orations  dtferte  confcrip/tt, 

XI.  Salomonis 


579 


Vol.  III.  ^nh-Bifhop  of  St.  Andrews. 

XI.  Salomonis  Ecclejiaflen^  dt  fummo  hominis  bono  concionem  com- 
tledentem,    qud,  de  vera  bedtitudine  ^  reHis  vita  OfHciis  pra-  '^A^k 

A  "^-j.  A/  I  An.  I  to  I. 

cepta  contmet.  v^V*w 

XII.  Vaticinia  etiam  Danielis,  Joelis,  oAmoji,  jibdia,  Jonx,  Hah- 
bacuci,  Ha^Ai,  cornplura  ettam  Poematafacra  altaque  frafwen- 
ta  utroaue  id  tow  ate  confcripta. 

XIII.  De  Potitia  ^  Dijciplina  Ecclefiaftiea. 

XIV.  'T>e  veneranda  Ant  i  ft  it  urn  digmtate  €5*  cum  B.  Paulo  or-thg- 
doxa  Epifcopali  authoritate- 

XV.  De  ejujdem  B.  Tauli  Peregrinatione. 

XVI.  Prded tones  etiam  do^ifstmas  in  utramque  adl'i/notkum  The* 
ologicas,  una  cum  fcrutationibus  in  reliquas  ornnes  Tdulinas. 

XVII.  PfiUum  (five  Pfilton)  cum  antmadverfionibus  in  feaas  Mel- 
vinianas. 

XVIII.  Jpologiam,  five  libellum  ajpologeticum  pro  augupfsima  Reaid 
e^ajejiate^  Anno  1584.  adverjus  pertinaces  ju&  Majefiatis  ob* 
tre^atores  mordacifsimos  (Sf  maleferiatos. 

XIX.  jipolo^iam  contra  fuos  dmulos. 

XX.  Orat tones  etiam  apologeticas  €5*  funebres  illuftrijsima  matris 
f^arU  Kegin&y  ^  inftgnium  Regni  procerum. 

XXI.  Regni  etiam,  totiujque  Britannia  annalcs  candide  confcrip/tt, 
quos  ad  extremum  non  produxit' 

Scripfit  etiam  alia  cornplura,  tarn  adRtligionem  quam  ad  Reipub- 
Itca  fiatum  pertirientia}  >  qua  nifi Jumma  temporis  injur iai  ^ 
malevolorumihqminum  odiis  atque  invidia  hue  illuc  disjeHa^  in 
^varias  forent  manus  dijcerpt^  jampridem  in  lucem  prodtijfinf 
omnia. 


Ccoccx  THE 


(ion. 


J 


380   ^ VoUjf. 

t;^  THE 

LIFE  of  T>AV1T>  CHAMBERS  of 

Ormond:,  one  of  the  Senators  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Juftice. 

^.^  g.^,^,    m      wm     <^HIS  Gentleman  was  born  in  the  Shire  ot  Rojs, 
.nd  tduc»-  H  in  the  North  of  4$Vo//tf««/,  and  had  his  Education 

in  the  Univerfity  of  aAb&deen ;   where,    after  he  • 
had  finifhed  the  Courfe  of  his  Studies  in  Philofo- 

phy,  he  applied  himfelf  to  Theology,  and  enter'd 

Heftud(ef         ■'^^-  into  Orders,  and  the  Study  of  the  Laws,  and  ftu- 

T,\mt  ^nd    died  them  for  feveral  Tears  in  France  and  Italy  ;   and  we  find,  that 
""'■'■         he  was  ftudying  at  'Bologne  in  /M/y,    under  Marianus  Soz^ems  (<?), 
in  the  Year  1 55(5. 

Upon  his  Return  to  Scotland,  he  was  made  Chancellor  of  Rofsy 

and  I'arfon  of  Suddyy  and  in  his  Dedication  to  Queen  Af^rj  of  his 

He  letufM  Book  concerning  theSingularitiefs  of .yfor/^n/ ,  he  fays,  Thathewas 

""emVioVd  the.  firft,  that  by  her  Command  djgefted  the  Laws  of  Scotland  into 

'."hrAQl"of  Older,  and  in  the  Proclamation  given,  out  by  Queen  ikf^ry  for  that 

luilZ^i^   Effe(5l,  we  find  him  amon^ft  others  employed  in  that  Edition  of  the 

scflion."^'''*  A(fts  of  Parliament,    which  were  publifhcd  at  'Edmburgh  in  1565. 

and  are  commonly  called,  TToe  'Black  ji6ts  of  Parliament,    from 

their  being  printed  in  the  Black  Letter.     Not  long  after  this,   he 

Avas  made  a  Lord  of   the  Seflion,    and  during  all  Queen  Marys 

Troubles,  he  faithfully  ferved  her,  and  when  tliat  unfortunate  Prin- 

cefs  was  overcome  by  her  rebellious  Sub)e(fls,  our  Author  my  Lord 

io'fl« 'tf '  Ormond  retired  to  Sfain,  where  he  was  kindly  received  by  K.  Phtlip^ 

s;*,.,^^.nd    to  whofe  Liberality,  he  owns,  he  was  much  obliged  (b).     Having 

w/l-.'/       flaid  for  fome  Time  in  Spain  he  went  to  France,  where  he  was  no 

lefs  graciouHy  received  by  Charles  IX.  King  of  France,  to  whom 

he  prefented  in  the  Year  1 571.    an  Abridgment  of  the  Hiflory  of 

Scotland,  France  and  England;   and  the  next  Year  he  publifhed  at 

Fans,  a  Difcourfe  concerning  the  lawful  SucccfCon  of  Women  to 

the  PoflefTions  of  their  Parents,    and  of  PrincefTes  to  Empires  and 

Kingdoms,    which  he  dedicated  to  the  Queen  Mother  of  France^ 

Catharine  de  Medici. 

In  the  Year  1 579.  he  augmented  his  Abridgment  of  the  Hiflory 
ot  Scotland,  France  and  England,  with  the  Hiftory  of  all  the  Popes 
and  Emperors,  and  dedicated  it  to  Henry  the  third  King  of  France 
and  Poland.  The  fame  Year,  he  likewife  published  his  Enquiry 
concerning  the  mofl  remarkable  Things  in  the  Government  of  Scot- 
land ;  which  he  dedicates  to  Queen  Mary.  All  thefe  being  pub- 
lilhcd  in  one  Volume,  I  ftiall  give  the  Reader  an  Account  of  them, 

according 

(.a J  iiDguUiilici  ol  ScotUodj  Page  i-ol.  14.        (i)  See  huDcd.  (oHcoiy  lU, 


Vol.  III.  One  of  the  Senators  of  the  College  Of  luflke.       "  TJ^ 

according  to  the  Order  that  our  Author  has  been  plcafed  to  aive    r^^ 

them.  ^         wiLiSj 

The  firft,   IS  his  Hiftorical  Abridgment  of  all  the  Kincs  ol  Scot-  a.a...... 

land,  France  and  England,   as  lilcewife  of  all  the  Popes  and  Em pc- '"''"'"'"■ 
rors.     In  this  Abridgment  our  Author  has  given  an  Account  of  the 
mod  remarkable  Things  that  have  happened  in  Europe,    from  the 
Creation  of  tlie  World  to  his  own  Time  i     And  in  his  Preface  he 
tells  us,  That  the  Lives  of  the  Popes  are  tatcn  out  of  the  Writings 
of  St.    Jerom,    Bijebius,    Talmerus,    Proffer,   PUtma,    Onuphrius 
PontACus,  and  a   pontifical  Hiftory  writ  in  Spanifh.     The  Lives  oi 
the  Emperors,    from  the  Writings  of  Suetonius,    Plutarch,    Volete- 
ranus,  Carlon,  Fafciculus  Temporum,    Cujpinian,    Cenchrard,    and 
the  Hiftory  of  the  Emperors  writ  irt  Spanifh.      The    Hiftory  of 
France,  from  c<ie  Annals  of  France,  Paulus  Emtlius,  Caguin,  JrnoU 
TerromUs,  William  Parradin,    Guicciardin  and  Paul  fow.     That 
of  England,  from  the  Writings   of  Gildas,    Froijjard,  Couper,  Har- 
ding,   Calfrid,  Caxtin,  Poljdore  Virgil,  Hales,    Grafton,   and  the 
Annals  of  England.     And  Laftly,  that  o( Scotland,  from  the  Writ- 
ings of  Verumundus  a  Spaniard,    Turgot  BiOiop  of  St.  AndreivSy 
John  Sicinton,     John  Camphel,  WtUiam  Elphinflon  Bifhop  of  Aber- 
deen, Hector  Boetius,  the  Black  Book  of  Scoon,  and  the  Chronicles 
oi Colrns  Inch  and  Icolmkill. 

His  next  Book,  is  his  Enquiry  into  the  fnoft  remarkable  Things 
concerning  the  Government  of  Scotland.     Our  Author  fuppofes, 
That  every  Kingdom  or  State,  is  fupported  by  three  Pillars,  Valour 
to  Fight  and  ConqUer  ;   Religioh  to  regulate  their  Duty  towards 
God;  and  Juftice  to  regulate  their  Duty  towards  their  Neighbour  : 
All  which  are  eminently  feen  in  the  Scots  Conftitution.     And  firff 
our  Author  (hows,  from  our  own  and  foreign  Hiflories,  That  there 
never  was  a  braver  Nation  than  the  Scots,  of  which  there  are  unde- 
niable Inftartces,  by  their  defending  of  their  Country  and  Monarchy, 
for  fo  many  Hundreds  of  Years,   againfl  fo  many  powerful  Ene- 
mies, as  the  Romans, '  Saxons,  Danes,  Nor'vegians,   Britons,  Pids, 
Normans'iind  Englijh  :  None  of  which  could  ever  fubdue  them  j 
by  tlieif  expelling  the  Britons,  and  fubduing  the  P/V?/, '  and  by  the 
larcc  Conqucfts  they  made  df  the  Northern  Countries  of  fw^/^W. 
idly.  As  to  Religion,   our  Author  fhoWs,   That  the  W/  embraced 
tiie  Chriftian  Religion  in  the  id  orjdCtnturyj  Thit  after  they  had 
embraced  it,  none  jirofcfTed  k  with  more  Purity  arid  Zeal  than  they 
did  ;  Witnefs  the  Multitude  of'  their  Holy  P'riefts,  '\9hich  they  Tent 
from  Icblmkill,    to  convert  the  Jrifh  and  South  Britotfi  \'  and  their 
conftant  Oppofition  to  all  Hereticks  and  Heretical  Dodlrines.' And 
laflly,  as  to  thePiUar  of  Juftice,  or  of  rendering  to  every  Man  what;  in 
Reafbn  is  his  Due  ;•  our  Author  iKows  from  the  Cbnftitution  o^our 
Parliament,  Scffion  and  Other  inferior  Codrrs  of  Judicature,  That'Tii- 
flitc  is  no  where  fo  well  admirtiflrated  as  in  Scotland!  After  this  our 
Author  flicws/  Tiiat  die  Government  o( ^S^otiahd,'fhdi  bQ^n  always 
Monarchical,  and  under  onii  Race!  of  Kiri^s';  ThdrioNatioftin  tli^ 

D  d  d  d  d  World 


^8l  TheLifeof  DA  VIJD  CHAMBERS  of  Ormond,     Vol.  Ilf. 

World  can  parallel.    Aiterthis,  our  Author  treats  of  the  three  i:ftatcs 
rw-V-^    that  compo("c  our  Parliament;  the  firft  of  which  is  the  Lords  Spirt- 
Crv^    tual,  the  Archbifhops,  Bifhops  mitred,  Abbots  and  Priors  j  and  here 
he  fticws  how  ufcful  at  all  Times  the  Clerey  has  been  to  the  Rcpub- 
lick ,  not  only  by  their  holy  and  exemplary  Lives,  and  their  great 
h0.s  of  Charity  ;  but  likewife  by  tiieir  prudent  Advices,  in  the  Ma- 
nagement of  the  greatcft  Affairs  of  State  ;  and  Inftances  in  his  own 
Days,  in  the  wife  and  prudent  Condudtof  'James  Beaton  Arclibifhop 
of  Glajgovoy  and  Ambaffador  from  the  Queen,   to  Henry  III.  King 
of  France  ;   of  John  Lejly  Bifliop  of  Ro[sy   Ambaffador  from  the 
Queen,  to  the  Qiieen  of  England;   and  William  Chijolm  Bifhop  of 
Vmhlain,    and  Vafon  in  Trovence.,    Ambaflador  from  the  Queen, 
to  the  Pope.     The  fecond  Eftate  of  Parliament,  is  the  Nobility  and 
Gentry,    and  here  our  Author  fhows  the  different  Degrees  of  tiic 
Nobility  of  Scotland,  as  they  were  in  his  Time  :     The  firfl  of  which 
is  the  Princes  of  the  Blood,  the  King's  eldefl:  Son  being  always  fai- 
led the  Prince  of  Scotland,    (incc  King  Jndtilfus  Time,  about  the 
Year  945.     Next  to  the  Princes  of  the  Blood,  arc  the  Dukes ,  the 
firfl  of  this  Order  was  Rokrt  Sttiart  Earl  of  Bfe^  and  Son  to  King 
Robert  about  the  Year  1570-     Next  to  them  arc  the  Earls  (butlince 
his  Time  are  the  Marquiffes)    who  fucceeded  to  the  Thanes,  and 
were  firft  inftituted  by  King  (^Malcolm  Canmore  about  the  Year  1061. 
Next  to  them  are  the  Vifcounts.     And  Laftly,   The  Lords.     All 
thefe  have  their  different  Privileges  and  Power,  according  to  their 
Patents  and  Charters  granted  to  them  by  the  King,    and  they  are 
called  the  greater  Barons.     The  leffer  Barons  called  Lairds,    were 
likewife  obliged  to  appear  of  old  perfonally  in  Parliament ,;    but 
this  being  a  heavy  Burden  put  upon  them,  they  defired  to  be  excu- 
fed  from  their  Attendance  in  Parliament ;  which  Favour  was  gran- 
ted to  them  by  King  James  I.  upon  the  Condition  of  their  fending 
two,  three,  or  more  from  every  Shire  to  reprefent  them  {Vid.  Pari 
■7.  Caf.  1 01.)  Yet  they  madcnoUfe  of  this  Privilege  for  above  15a 
Years,  till  King  James  VL  to  balance  the  Nobility,  got  them  re- 
ftored  to  that  Right ;  and  ever  fince,  there  are  two  fcnt  from  every 
Shire,  who  are  Commiffioners  for  the  Shires.     The  third  Eftate  of 
Parliament,   afe  the  Burrows  or  BurgefTes,   whom  he  claffes  into 
three  Ranks.     The  firft  arc  the  Gentlemen  or  Barons  Sons,    who 
have  taken  themfelves  to  Trades.     The  fecond  is  the  Sons  of  old 
Burgeffes,   the  Rife  of  whofe  Families  cannot  be  well  inftru(5ted  j. 
and  the  laft  is  the  Tradefmen  and  Labourers.     After  this  our  Au- 
thor gives  an  Account  of  all  the  Regents  or  Governors  of  the  Re- 
alm, that  the  Eftatesof  Parliament  have  made  choice  of  during  the 
Minority  of  their  Princes. 

Then  our  Author  treats  of  the  Officers  of  State  :  The  Firft  of 
which  is  the  Chancellor,  who  then  was  the  principal  Judge  in  all 
Civil  Cafes :  The  Juftice-General,  who  is  Judge  of  all  Criminal 
Cafes  committed  by  Land :  The  Lord  High  Admiral,  who  is  Judge 
of  all  Civil  and  Criminal  Cafes  amongft  Mariners,    and  of  all  o- 

ther 


y^N/'vi 


Vol.  III.  One  of  the  Senators  Of  the  College  of  Ju[iice.  igj 

ther  Cafes  concerning  Traffic  by  Sea.      Next  to  the  Chancellor  is 
the  Prefident  of  the  Sefllon,   who  then  was  always  obli^^ed  to  be  a  '^""'^^^ 
Churchman;  but  all  Criminal  Accufations  were  judged  only  by  the     ""** 
judges  according  to  the  Verdidt  of  Thirteen  Men,  or  more,  who 
were  to  be  chofen  :    So  that  none  of  them  could  be  furpc(5led  of 
Partiality,  reputed  Men  of  good  Confciences,  and  of  the  fame  Sta- 
tion with  the  Pcrfons :    And  thefe  are  called  The  yijsiz,ers.    The 
Lord  High  Conftablc  is  Judge  in  all  Criminal  Cafes  committed 
wichin  two  Leagues  of  the  King's  Court ;  and  as  he  has  the  Charf^c 
of  Guarding  the  Doors  of  the  Parliament  whilft  they  are  fittinfr,  fo 
the  Lord  High  Marifchal  has  the  Care  of  the  Barriers  and  ^eats 
Vithin  the  Houfe,    and  of  appointing  to  every  Perfon  his  Seat  ac- 
cording to  his  Degree  and  Quality.     The  Lord  High  Chamberlain 
is  Sovereign  Judge  in  all  Adlions  Criminal,  committed  by  Burgeffes 
Within  their  refpedive  Burghs,  accufed  and  indi(5led  by  the  King's 
Advocate  :  Arid  as  thefe  Courts,  held  within  Burghs  by  the  Cham- 
berlain, are  called  Chamberlain  ^jres;    fo  the  Courts  held  by  the 
Juftice-Gencral,  for  Crimes  committed  without  the  Burghs,  are  cal- 
led Jupce  Ayres :   Which  Courts  were  very  old  in  Scotland,  being 
firft  eftabli(hed  by  Coranus,  the  45th  King  of  Scotland,  about  the 
Year  of  bur  L  O  R  D  50a    The  Wardens  of  the  Marches  are  Jud^^es 
of  all  Thefts,  Robberies  and  Crimes  that  are  committed  upon  the 
Borders  of  Scotland  and  England.     The  Scots  Confervator  in  Flan- 
ders, is  Judge  of  all  Matters  of  Traffic  amongft  the  Merchants,  ac- 
cording to  the  Privileges  that  are  granted  to  them  there. 

And  here  oiir  Author  refers  to  the  Rcgiam  Majejlatem,  and  the 
Iter  Jujiitiarij,  for  the  Privileges,  Preheminences  and  Salaries  ap- 
pointed to  each  of  thoft  Judges :  And  tells  us,  That  the  Perfons 
then  employed  were,  fohn  Stuart  Earl  of  At  hole,  Chancellor:  The 
Earl  of  Argyle^  Lord  Juflice-General  and  Mafler  of  the  Houfhold^ 
Francis  Stuart,  Son  to  the  Earl  of  Bothwel,  Lord  High  Admiral. 
The  Earl  of  £rrol,  Hereditary  LordHigh  Conflable.  TheE^rl 
of  e^arifch'al,  Hereditary  Lord  Higli  Marifchal.  My  Lord  Fte- 
mrig,  Lord  High  Chamberlain.  My  Lord  Humey  Guardian  or 
Wirdien  of  the  Eafl  Marches :  My  Loid  Harris,  of  the  Wefl :  And 
the  Laird  of  Sesford,  of  the  Middle.  Arid  the  Reverend,  Abbot 
James  Balanden,  Prefident  of  the  Seffion. 

As  to  the  Officers  of  the  King's  Houfhold,  our  Author  enume- 
rates, The  Captain  of  the  Guard,  wHole  Office  is  to  accompany  His 
Maiefly  where  ever  he  goes,  with  a  certain  Number  of  Gentlemen 
well  armed,  for  defending  of  His  Sacred  Perfoh.  The  Lord  Trea- 
f  urer,  who  takes  care  of  the  King's  cafual  Rents :  And  my  Lord 
Comptroller,  who  takcfs  care  of  his  other  Revenues.  My  Lord  Se- 
cretary, wiiofe  Office  is  to  manage  all  the  important  Tranfadipns 
betwixt  the  Sovereign  and  his  Su^eds,  and  betwixt  Him  and  all 
foreigij  Princes,  As  for  the  refl  of^the  inferior  Officers  of  the  Hou- 
fliold,  our  Author  takes  no  more  Notice  of  them,  but  that  they 
verc  all  generally  eitbex  Noblemen  or  Noblehiens  Sons,  and  were 

D  d  d  d  d  Z  re- 


384        The  Life  of  DAVID  CH  A MBEKS  of  Ormonl         Vol.  fl J. 

regulate  in  the    fame  Order  as  the  Servants  of  the  HoufholcJ  in 

'^f^     France  arc 

^^V>^         The  next  Thing  our  Author  treats  of,  is  the  Laws  by  which  the 
Scots  are  govcrncJ;  and  thefe  arc  either  Ecclefiaftic  or  Civil :  Tlic 
Ecclefiaftic  Laws  are  founded  upon  tlie  Canon  Law   and   the  De- 
crees of  the  General  Councils ;    and  the  Civil  Laws,  upon  the  an- 
cient Cuftonis  of  the  Kingdom,  or  upon  the  Laws  of  the  Romans. 
After  this,  our  Author  divides  t\\o  Scots  into  three  different  Sorts  of 
People,  according  to  their  three  different  Languages :  And  the  firf^ 
is  tliofe  who  (jpca'k  En^liJI),  which  was  firfl:  brought  into  the  King- 
dom by  Margaret,  Malcom  Canmore's  Queen,  about  the  Year  106 1. 
And  this  is  fpoke  by  all  the  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  of  the  Low 
Countries.     The  Second  is  the  Gachlet,  as  our  Author  calls  it,  which 
is  fpoke  by  the  Highlanders  and  the  Jnjh  :    And  our  Author  fays, 
That  fome  of  the  MifTionary  Jefitites  found  this  Language  (pokcn 
amongft  fome  of  the  Indians.     The  Third  is  the  Norfe,    fpoke  by 
many  of  the  Inhabitants  o(  Zetland  and  Orkney  :  And  here  he  gives 
an  Account  of  fome  particular  Cufloms  that  are  amongft  each  of 
thefc  People.     And  Laflly,  He  concludes  with  a  Political  Difcourfc 
concerning  the  Caufes  of  the  mutual  Friendfliip  and  Love  betwixt 
Kings  and  their  Subjedls,  and  the  mutual  Love  of  Subjeds  towards 
one  another. 

Our  Authors  lafl  Performance,  is  upon  the  Succeflion  of  Women 
to  the  Inheritance  of  their  Parents :  And  he  tells  us,  that  the  Oc- 
cafion  o(  his  writing  this  Book,  was  in  Defence  of  his  Royal  Miflrefs 
Queen  c^ary. 

This  Book  is  divided  into  II  Heads  or  Chapters.  In  the  ifl 
Chapter,  for  the  better  underftanding  of  what  he  is  to  fay,  he  gives 
the  Definition  and  Divifion  of  the  Laws.  The  Law  then,  taken  in 
its  general  Acceptation,  is  the  Science  of  Right  and  Equity,  dif^ 
cerning  what  is  jull  from  what  is  unjufi:  (a) :  And  is  divided  (l;)  firfl 
into  publick  and  private  Laws ;  The  Publick  confifls  in  what  belongs 
to  the  Church  and  State ;  for  without  Religion  and  Juflice  no  Re- 
publick  can  flourifh.  The  Private  Law  (c)  is  what  concerns  every 
individual  Man ;  and  this  is  taken  cither  from  the  Precepts  of  the 
Law  of  Nature,  as  the  Right  of  all  Nations  (d) ;  or  from  a  pofitive 
Law.  The  Law  of  Nature,  taken  in  a  large  Senfe,  is  what  is  not 
only  proper  to  Men,  but  to  all  Animals:  According  to  the  Do(5tors 
of  the  Canon  Law,  'tis  the  common  Notions  and  Opinions  that  are 
naturally  engraved  in  the  Hearts  of  all  Men  tending  to  a  rational 
and  happy  Life.  The  Law  of  Nations  (e)  is  that  which  natural 
Rcafon  hath  conflituted  to  be  obfervcd  by  all  Men,  their  Neceffity' 
requiring  it;  neither  is  the  Pofitive  Law  (/)  different  from  it,  a- 
greeing  ni  all  Things  with  the  Laws  of  Nature  and  Nations ;  and 
is  divided  into  a  Divine  and  Humane  Law.  A  Divine  Law  (g)  has 
its  Rife  and  Origine  from  the  Divine  Reafon,  to  which  belongs  all 


lings 


(*)  Lib.  I  de  Teft.  ff.      (t)  De  Inftit.  &  Jur.  ff.      (t)  L.  Glo.  5  hujui,    Inftii.    d«  juft.  &  jur.      (J)  Difl.   U  i-  ff-  d».- 
jolt  4(  jtu.      (<)  $  1,  loliit.  it  juic  Ml.  gtot.  fit  ci7.      (f)  I.  Jul  O'.  tf-  dc  juft.  tn  jur.       (£)  Quit.  Cap.  i-   Dili.   I. 


Aa.  159*. 


VoL  III.  One  of  the  Senators  of  the  College  of  Jujlue.  2^  j 

Yhings  that  have  any  Reference  to  the  Worihip  ot  God,    either  in 
the  Old  or  New  Teflamenc.      A  Humaric  Law  (a)  is  what  has  its 
Rife  and  Origine  from  humane  Reafon;  and  properly  it  Is  called 
The  Civil  Law,  as  being  ordered  (b)  by  a  particular  People,  or  by 
thofe  of"  a  City,  for  the  Prefervation  of  their  Country  or  City.     But 
the  following  Example  will  make  the  Reader  better  underfland 
thefe  Divifions  of  the  Laws,  to  wit:  The  Law  of  Nature  (c)  excites 
us  to  Society,  as  we  fee  it  obferv'd  amongft  all  Animah  of  the  fame 
Species  5  and  this  is  the  final  Scope  and  Defign  of  all  Laws :  In  con- 
fideration  of  which,  the  Law  of  Nations  not  only  orders,  that  eve- 
ry Man  fliould  be  diligent  and  ledulous  in  the  Vocation  and  Erri- 
^loyment  to  which  he  is  called;    but  likfewife,   that  according  to 
their  Diligence,  fo  they  fhould  be  either  rewarded  or  punilhed.  The 
Poficivc  Humane  Law,  otherwife  called  The  Civil  Law,  fhews  how 
the  Vertuous  ought  particularly  to  be  rewarded,    and  what  Pumfh- 
ments  are  to  be  mf^ided  on  the  Bad.     The  Law  of  Nature,  accord- 
ing to  the  Canonifts,  {d)  Ihews  that  all  Things  are  governed  by  a 
God :    And  the  Pofitive  Divine  Law,    IheWs  that  this  God  is  our 
BlefTed  Lord  and  Saviour,  united  with  God  the  Father  arid  the  Ho- 
ly Ghoft  in  the  Myftery  of  the  Trinity :    It  likewife  Ihews  the  Man- 
ner and  Method  of  Worfhipping  God. 

Our  Author  hiving  laid  down  thefe  Principles,  in  the  id  Chap- 
ter he  proceeds  to  fhevi'  the  Hereditary  Feminine  Succellion  by  tlie 
Law  of  Nature.  Vlpian  the  Lawyer  Ihews,  (e)  how  that  the  Edu- 
cation of  Cliildren  by  their  Parents,  is  a  Law  of  Nature  commoa 
to  us  and  the  brute  Beafts,  as  we  daily  fee  by  the  Care  that  all  A- 
niriials  take  about  their  Young  :  And  'tis  plain  and  evident,  that  the 
Provifions  that  are  eiven  by  Parents  to  their  Children,  according 
to  the  different  Cultoms  of  the  Countries  in  which  they  live,  is  for 
their  Nourifhment  and  Suftenancc  {i) ;  and  thofe  that  defrauded 
them  of  it,  were  look'd  upon  and  ertefemcd  as  Homicides.  During 
the  Ciolden  Age,  which  lafted  froni  the  Days  of  jdddm  to  Nimrodt 
all  Things  were  in  common ;  but  afterwards,  when  each  had  their 
Portions  adlgned  to  them,  to  deprive  Women  of  their  Hereditary 
Right,  were  a  plain  Tranfgrelfion  of  the  Law  of  Nature,  efpecially 
when  Nature  (eems  to  point  out  the  quite  contrary ;  for  all  Females 
tun  the  Hazard  of  their  Lives  in  bringing  forth  their  Young,  and 
very  often  lofc  them,  and  when  the  Young  are  brought  forth,  they 
run  to  the  Mother  for  their  Noilfilhmcnt,  without  evef  noticing  the 
Father ;  fo  that  Nature  feems  to  tell  us  plainly.  That  We  ought  to 
have  more  Regard  to  the  Females  than  the  Males. 

In  the  Third  Chapter,  our  Author  rcafons  frorb  the  Law  of 
Nations,  which  was  introduced  by  the  Breath  of  the  Law  of  Na- 
ture {f) :  By  the  firft  Inftrucftion  of  this  Law,  for  Dividing 
of   Goods,    Nations  were    feparated,     Kingdoms  were  limiteai 

£  e  e  e  e  and 


I »-T  -1 m^^m^^ 

(k)  C  A.  Ju«  CiT.  I  Did.  f  Qj>n4  oulCiiM,  M-  i*  iatt  aaC  ctii:  Sc  cir.  (t) 
Bddin,  t  Jul  •utcm,  O'il-  lultiL  dtJuKiur.  gnt.  tt  dr.  (i)  Oifi.  Cip.  i.  p 
t.  it  jurcU  juA.  f  I.  Dii.  it  luttBin,  (/)L.  Causntio,  C  dcbadtow  L.  1 
At  iuf<  »i<i.  m^.  Il  dr. 


(t)  Arift.  1  PoKt.  Op.  (,      (()  Jafoa  Aogtli 
-,  pnm*  Dift.    iki  doc.      (,.  L.  I,  f  Ia»  ut. 

, ,        .       _  ,    .,, , .  Ncfuf,  £  d«  Lib.  £  too''-      iDiinBJ 

4€  jufc  (COL  a*(.  fc  dr. 


g 86  TheLiJeof  DAViDCHAMBLB^S  of  Ormond,     Vol.  III. 

and  all  Contracfbs  introdiic'd,  and  all  Padions  and  Agreements  in 
Xy^C  Human  Society  :  Now,  before  tlic  Introdiicftion  of  this  I.aw,  wlicn 
'^'^'^  all  Tilings  were  in  common,  that  Women  liad  an  equal  Privilege 
witli  Meti,  is  plain  from  the  i  ft  Chapter  ot  Gmefis^  and  when  v. 
was  introduc'd,  altho'  Men  have  many  fpecial  Privileges  {a)  that 
are  not  granted  to  Women,  yet  there  was  never  any  Nation,  no, 
not  the  moft  barbarous,  but  allowed  the  Hereditary  Succenion  to 
the  Deftinations  of  their  Parents,  and  fecuied  them  in  their  Doua- 
ries  J  it  belonging  particularly,  to  the  Republick,  to  (cttle  and  fe- 
cure  them  in  that  {b\  for  the  Multiplication  of  Mankind,  in  which 
the  Strength  of  the  Republick  conflfts. 

In  the  4th  Chapter,  our  Author  reafons,  From  tlic  PoHtive  Di- 
vine Law,  by  all  Hiftories,  facred  and  prophanc,  we  find,  (c)  that 
there  was  never  any  Perfon,  that  had  the  leu  ft  Degree  of  Keafon, 
but  acknowledged  that  there  was  a  God  or  Gods,  who  took  care  of 
the  Things  here  below;  nor  was  there  ever  any  People  fo  ignorant, 
but  had  their  own  Gods  whom  they  owned  {d)-^  nor  any  Nation  fo 
barbarous,  {c)  but  worftiippcd  with  fuch  Sacrifices  and  Ceremonies 
as  their  Legiflators  thought  fit  to  pre(cribe  to  them.  We  Chriftians 
acknowledge  the  Laws  of  the  Jeo^j,  as  delivered  in  the  Old  Tefta- 
mcnt,  to  be  the  Pofitive  and  Divine  Law  of  the  Eternal  God  :  Now, 
what  the  Law  was  amongft  God's  People  the  Jfraelitesy  as  to  the 
SucceHion  of  their  Males,  their  LegiOator  A'lojes  tells  us,  m  thefe 
Words:  (/)  <t4nd  the  Lord  fpiike  unto Mojes,  J'^ying,  Vnto  tbofe  the 
land  Jhall  be  divided  for  an  inherit ame^  according  to  the  number  of 
mimes:  to  many.,  thou  Oj  alt  ginje  the  more  inheritance.,  and  to  few, 
thoH  fhalt  give  the  lej's  inheritance;  to  every  one ^all  his  inheritance 
be  given.,  according  to  tbofe  that  zvere  numiredof  him  :  notwithfand- 
ing,  the  land  Jhall  be  divided  by  loty  according  to  the  names  of  the 
tribes  of  their  fathers  they  Jhall  inherit ;  according  to  the  lot  Jhall  the 
pojjefsion  thereof  be  divided  between  many  and  few. 

And  as  this  is  a  clear  Decifion  as  to  tlie  Succeftion  of  the  Males, 
fo  in  the  next  Chapter  there  is  one  for  the  Females,  (V)  in  the  Cafe 
of  Mahlah,  Neah^  Hoglah.,  Milcah  and  Tirz^ah,  the  five  Daughters 
of  Zelovhehad,  of  the  Tribe  of  Manajfeh  5  who  coming  before  Mo- 
fes,  ana  before  Eleaz,ar  the  Prieft,  and  before  the  Princes  and  all 
the  Congregation,  faid.  Our  father  died  in  the  wildernejs,  and  he 
WAS  not  in  the  company  of  them  that  gathered  themjelves  together  a- 

fainjl  the  Lord  in  the  company  of  Corah.,  but  died  in  his  own  fin,  and 
ad  no  fons ;  xvhy  jhould  the  name  of  our  father  be  done  away  jrom  a- 
jrwrgfl  his  family  becaufe  he  hath  no  fan  ?  give  unto  us  therefore  a  poj- 
fefsion  among  the  brethren  of  our  father.  oAnd  Mojes  brought  their 
caufe  before  the  Lord  ^nd  the  Lord  Jpake  unto  Mofes,  (aying,  The 
daughters  of  Zelophehad  fpake  right :  thou  /halt  fiycly  give  them  a 
pojjefsion  of  an  inheritance  among fi^  their  fathers  brethren,    af/d  thou 

Jff^ 

f«)  L.  In  multii  de  ft.,  lion.,  ft.  d.  I .  i  ff.  df  )ure  doi  L.  ft.  f<^lu.  m.ir.  (*)!■»•  *  •!' jure  .for.  I.  i.  tt.  Inlu.  rj«r- 
\t)  S.  Auf.  it  nvitite  Dei,  Lib.  1 1  8c  M-  8c  Ciceio  de  n»lul«  Ocorum.  W  Bocc«ci  4e  U  Cenea).  J«$  UicuK.  (0  ll"«lcm. 
C/)  Numb.  xxvi.  15— -5}.     (i)  Numb,  xxyii. 


Vol-  III. One  of  the  Senators  of  the  College  of  Juftice.  287 

Jhalt  cmfe  the  inheritance  of  their  fathers  to  pafs  unto  them:  oAnd 
thoiifhattfpeA  unto  the  children  oflfrael,  faying,  If  a  man  die,  and  "yf^^ 
have  no  Jon,  then  ye  fh all  caufe  his  inheritance  to  pafs  unto  his  dautrh-  "^^^ 
ten  and  if  he  have  no  daughter ,  then  ye  fh all  give  his  inheritance 
mto  his  brethren ;  and  if  he  have  no  brethren,  then  ye  fhall  vive  his 
inheritance  to  his  fathers  brethren;  and  if  his  father  have  no  brethren 
J  hen  ye  fhall  give  his  Inheritance  to  his  kinjman  that  is  next  to  him 
of  his  family,  and  he  fhall  po^jefs  tt :  and  it  fhall  be  unto  the  children 
of  Israel  a  ftatute  of  judgment. 

In  the  5th  Chapter,  our  Author  re^fons  from  the  Pofitivc  Hu- 
mane, or  Civil  Law ;  The  Pofitive  Humane  Laws  were  brought  in 
al^er  the  Law  of  Nations,  either  to  augment  or  diminifh  it,  accor- 
ding to  the  Advice  of  Lawyers,  and  prudent  and  wife  Men  :  (a) 
Thus,  for  Example,  as  to  the  Augnienting  of  it,  the  Law  of  Nati- 
ons ordains  the  Thief  to  be  punifhed,  without  condefcending  upon 
the  Tunifliment;  but  the  Pofitive  Law  orders  him  to  be  hanged: 
and  he  that  is  guilty  of  Homicide,  to  lofc  his  Head.  And  as  to 
the  Diminifhing,  the  Law  of  Nations  requires,  {b)  that  Promifes 
ihould  be  obferved ;  but  the  Pofitive  Law  requires  not  this  in  Mi- 
nors or  mad  Men,  and  fo  of  the  refl. 

And  fince  the  Number  of  Pofitive  Laws  diat  were  made  during 
theMonarcliiesofthe4jyrw«5  Perfims,  Grecians  and  Romans,  zr% 
almoft  infinite,  thefe  writ  by  the  Romans  have  obtained  the  Prefe- 
rence above  all  the  refl,  not  only  upon  the  account  of  their  havine 
conquered  and  fubdued  thefe  Empires,  but  upon  the  account  ot 
their  Realbnablenefs :  Now,  by  the  Law  of  the  12,  Tables,  (c)  the 
Daughters  of  the  Romans  did  fuccced,  equally  with  their  Brethren 
to  the  Goods  of  tncir  Parents  that  died  without  making  a  Tefla- 
ment ;  but  fome  ^\n\c  afterwards,  by  the  Advice  of  Lawyers  and 
the  Praetors,  {d)  the  Daughters  Portioi  $  were  diminilhed  in  favours 
of  their  Brethren,  for  the  better  preferving  the  Names  of  their  Fa- 
milies :  (e)  For  tlie  Male  Children  were  called  after  their  Fathers  • 
"whereas  the  Daugliters  took  upon  them  the  Names  of  their  Huf^ 
bands,  and  retained  the  fame  Names  when  they  were  Widows. 
But  by  the  Imperial  Conflitutions  and  Jufltnians  Laws,  all  Diffe- 
rence is  taken  away,  (f)  In  the  Succcih'on  of  Males  and  Females 
to  the  Goods'  of  their  Parents,  the  Parents  cannot  defraud  their 
Children  of  their  legal  Portion  (g):  That  is  to  fay.  If  they  have 
four  Children,  or  fewer,  the  fourth  Part  of  all  their  Moveables  and 
Immoveables  is  to  be  diflributed  amongfl  them;  the  Douarics  of 
the  Women  and  the  Debts  being  firfl  paid :  And  if  they  have  fix 
Children,  or  more,  the  Half  mufl  likewife  be  diflributed  amonc^fl 
them,  and  the  Parents  may  difpofe  of  the  reft  as  they  pleafe.  And 
of  this  legal  Part,  neither  the  Females  nor  Males  can  be  exclude<J, 
unlefs  they  can  prove  againft  them  fome  of  the  14,  Crimes  {h)fp^7 

E  c  e  e  e  I  cmed 


(«;  B«i.  in  L.  Inltidum.  (f.  dc  cnn.  Iiulr.       (*J  L  I-  J«p«».  toto  titulo,  ft  &  da  rainoribut.       (f)  C«,  i.    7  Oift    U  >i    K 
ong.  juru.       U)  Ia  Mi«i«iym  ,.tioa<  4*  llb«r.  Prtflor.       («)  L.  (.  f  D»nonci«r«,  9.  it  v<i>t.  lofp.      (  f  J  r.  «  R.luJi 
in  .uiHcn  tt  h.f.  .k  igi«ft.  ««■.   Cel,  fUL     (<)  Attfh.  Mrilt  4«  lUM  &  la*.     (»)  «  M  ihU  anl^f,  u  ,mh.   «  ciiTS 
A|<f«L  e«»((.  CoL  *lu.  ■• 


it 


388    -    The  Life  of  D^V  I  r>  CHAMBERS  of  OrmorjJ,         Vol.111. 

cificd  in  the  Laws  tor  excluding  ot  Males,  or  of  the  ij  fpecificdfor 
^S^   excluding  of  Femalts.  ^  , 

r*^W>  Our  Aurhor  having  thus  fliown,  now  Women  fucceed  to  the 
Goods  of  their  Parents  by  the  Laws  of  Nature,  Nations,  theDivino 
and  Civil  Lawj  he  proceeds,  in  the  next  place,  to  fhew  how,  by 
the  farne  Laws,  they  fucceed  to  publick  Governments.  Andintho 
6th  Chapter,  he  fhews  the  Excellency  of  Monarchy  above  all  other 
Governments,  and  the  Qualities  that  arc  rcquifit  in  a  King. 

In  the  7th  Chapter,  he  (hewS  the  Succeflion  ot  Women  to  pub-* 
lick  Governments  by  the  Law  of  Nature,  fince  Women  lucceed  to 
the  Goods  of  their  Parents  by  the  Law  of  Nature,  as  has  been  pro- 
ven ;  and  that  they  cannot  be  defrauded  ot  them :  By  the  fame  l^yf 
they  Ihould  fucceed  to  the  Governments  of  their  Parents,  for  there 
is  a  common  Rule  in  the  Law,  Vvhich  fays,  (a)  Where  the  Law  makes 
no  DiJ^indton,  we  ought  to  make  no  Diftinilton.  And  here  our  Au- 
thor Ihews,  that  Women  are  naturally  as  capable  of  Government 
as  Men,  finCe  they  are  endued  with  Reafon  as  well  as  they:  And 
GOD  Almighty  Teems  to  point  this  out  to  us  in  the  Hiflory  of 
their  Creation  ;  for,  fays  our  Author,  She  was  not  formed  out  of 
his  Head,  that  fhe  might  domineer  over  himj  nor  out  of  his  Feet, 
that  fhe  fhould  be  trampled  upon  and  enflaved  by  him ;  but  out  of 
his  Rib,  to  fhew,  that  fhe  is  a  Copartner  with  him  in  all  his  natural 
Endowments. 

In  the  8th  ChaJ)ter,  our  Author  reafons  from  the  Law  of  Nations, 
by  which  the  Female  Government  is  confirmed  by  many  Inflances, 
which  our  learned  Author  brings  from  the  Hiflories  of  all  Nations ; 
in  which  he  fhews  an  immenfe  Reading  :  Yea,  fays  he,  not  only  e- 
very  Nation  has  had  theif  Ferhale  Governors,  but  there  have  been 
fome  Nations  goVernfed  only  by  Women  ,  fuch  as  the  Amaz^ons^  a 
Nation  of  the  Scythians,  confifting  all  of  Women  (l>) ,  and  their 
Queen  Tenthe/ilea  afllflcd  the  Troians  againft  the  Grecians;  and 
another  of  their  Queens,  Thalejlris,  is  famous  in  Hiftory.  Accor- 
ding to  Plutarch.,  the  Men  in  AchaU  (c)  were  fo  weak  in  their  Pru- 
dentials, that  for  a  long  Time  they  were  govern'd  by  Women.  And 
in  ancient  Times,  the  fole  Government  of  Badria  was  by  Women. 
And  Straho  tells  us,  {d)  tlie  Tenejians  and  Sahrttes  were  only  gover- 
ned by  Women.  The  Bohemians,  for  a  long  Time,  were  very  pru- 
dently governed  by  a  Race  of  Queens.  The  Kingdom  of  Panidea, 
in  the  Eafl  Indies,  was  likewife  governed  by  Worhen  (e).  The  Tro- 
glodttes  in  Africa  were  governed  by  Women.  And  Dionysus  Halt' 
carnajj^us  fays,  (/)  That  there  was  a  Law  amongfl  the  Lydians  and 
JSlumtdtLms,  That  the  Women  fhould  command  within  Doors,  and 
the  Men,  without  Doors.  Lycurgus,  in  his  Laws  to  the  Lacedemo- 
nians,  orders  (g)  the  Men  to  provide  for  their  Families,  and  the 
Women  to  govern  them.  Stob&us  tells  us  of  a  People  in  A^rica^ 
called  the  Buaoiy   where  the  Women  are  governed  by  a  Woman, 

and 

(.*)  Clo,  II,  .Q.o.  Inft   it  iQ.      (»)  Vide  Troj.  Pomp.  ProC  OioJnr.  Seal.  Htredob       («)  PUc.  d(  cosibL      (,d)  Lib.  t. 
(•)  Hcied.  Lib.  1.   loll.  Lib.  1.     (f )  ubi  fapii.     {jj)  Lfciugw',  L<wt. 


Vol.  III.  One  of  the  Senators  of  the  College  of  Jufttce.  ^Xa 

and  the   Men,  by  a  Man.      After  this,  our  Autnor  gives  a  Lift  of 
famous  Queens  wlio  have  diftinguifheti  themfelves  in  Hiftdry,    by    rvs^ 
their  Valour,  Prudence  and  Wildom.  ^       ^     '^^Ji^ 

In  the  9th  Chapter,  our  Author  reafons  from  the  Divine  Law : 
Where  we  find  the  ProphetefTes,  Deborah,  who  judged  Urael^  and 
whofe  wife  Conducfl:  and  Valour  vvc  have  an  Account  of  in  the  4.th 
Chapter  of  the  Book  of  fudges.  Here  our  Author  gives  likcwife 
fcveral  other  Inftances,  of  the  wife  Condud  and  Prudence  of  \Vo- 
nien,  from  the  facred  Scriptures. 

In  the  lOth  Chapter,  our  Author  reafons  from  tne  Civil  Law ' 
which  allows  Women  to  be  Tutrixe's  to  their  Children  {a) .'  And 
here  our  Author  gives  a  vaft  Number  of  Inftances  of  Queens  who 
have  governed,  in  the  Minority  of  their  Children,  with  fuch  Wif^ 
dom  and  Prudence,  that  they  have  obtained  the  univerfal  Applaufe 
of  all  Nations. 

In  the  I  ith  Chapter,  our  Authot  anfwers  the  particular  Obiedli- 
ons  made  againft  Queen  QyMarys  Acceftion  to  the  Crown  of  Eng- 
land; which  are,  firft,  from  the  Words  of  ©fwfero^owy,  Chap.  xvii. 
Verfe  id.  When  thou  art  come  unto  the  land  ivhuh  the  Lord  thy  Cod 
gtveth  thee,  and  (halt  pojjefs  tt,    and  /halt  diuell  therein,    and  (halt 
Jay,    IwiU.fet  a  king  over  me,  Itkeas  all  the  nations  that  are  abouP 
,me\  thou  Jhalt  jn  any  ivije  make  him  king  over  thee  ivhom  the  Lord 
thy  God.Jhall  choofe,    one  from  among  thy  brethren  [halt  thou  fet  king 
over  thee  :    thou  mayfi  not  Jet  a  Jirariger  over  thee  which  is  not  thj 
brother.     By  thefc  Words,  the  Queen's  Enemies  pretended  to  prove, 
that  it  was  not  only  unlawful  to  make  choice  of  a  Woman  to  be 
Queen  over  them,    but  hkewife,    to   make  choice  of   a  Stranoer. 
idly,  That  by  the  Law  of  Nature,    Women  could  not  fucceecfto 
Governments-     3dly,  By  the  Municipal  Law  oi  England,  That  all 
Perfons  born  cither  of  Farlier  or  Mother  without  the  Dominions  of 
the  faid  Kingdom  oi  England,  can  claim  to  no  Inheritance  within 
the  faid  Kingdom.     Tiie  a,th  is  from  theTeftament  of  Henry  Vlll. 
who,    by  the  Confent  of  the  Three  Eftates  of  Parliament,    ordered 
the  Heirs  procreate  betwixt  his  Sifter  Mary  and  Charles  Brandon 
her  id  Hu:>band,  tailing;  Heirs  of  his  own  Body  ;  and  excluding  thd 
Children  oi  Margaret,  his  eldeft  Sifter,  Mothei"  to  James  Y.  Kin" 
of  Scotland. 

To  tne  Firft,  our  Author  anfwers,  That  the  Scriptures  fpeak  not 
here  of  an  Heipditary  King,  but  of  an  Ele<5live  One:  And  altho' 
it  were  to  be  underftood  of  an  Hereditary  One,  we  Chriftians  are 
not  obliged  to  obfcrvc  it,  it  being  neither  a  Divine  nof  a  Moral 
Law.  Neither  can  the  Queen  of  Scotland  he  reckoned  a  Stranoeri 
for  (he  was  not  only  twice  defcended  from  William  the  Coriqueror, 
but  hkewife,  the  laft  and  liwful  Heirefs  of  the  Hoyal  Blood  of  the 
Britons  and  Saxons,  as  defcended  from  Annd,  the  eldeft  Sifter  of 
Vterpendragon ;  and  the  Wife  of  Loth  King  of  the  Pfffs,  as  flte  i/is 
q(  Si.  Margaret,  eldeft  Sifter  to' £</fjr,  who  died  childlefs;  (6  the 

Fffff  laft 


(«;  T*<.  Tu.  C-  Qi|tad.  Bil.  vfi.  ti  fuf,  ft. 


290  The  Life  of  DA  V  i  D  CH  AM  BERS  o/Qr;;iQ/7^,     Vol.1 1  [. 

lad  of  the  Royal  Line  of  die  Saxons.  Neuher  cJicJ  die  Jews  tlicm- 
^^^  felves  ftndfly  obferve  this  Law  ;  for  DavtJy  being  (Jcfccnded  from 
v*V~  Jgijg  the  Son  of  Ruthy  a  MoAbitiJh  Woman,  and  of  Boaz^  her  Huf- 
band  an  Jfraeltte,  was  cftcem'd  worthy  to  be  cho(en  Kin^  ot  Ijrael. 
And  in  the  Phrafc  or  Stile  of  the  Scriptures,  the  Word  'Brother  is  of- 
ten underftood  of  the  Feminine  Sex,  as  well  as  of  the  Maiculinci 
as  in  tlie  eight  Beatitudes,  and  in  many  other  Places.  All  which, 
with  what  has  been  laid  before,  h  a  fufficient  Anfwer  to  this  firll  C)b- 
je(5lion. 

As  to  the  id.  'tis  fufficiently  anfwercd  by  our  Author  before ;  to 
which  he  referrs.  As  to  the  3d.  Objedionj  'tis  utterly  denied  that 
there  is  any  fuch  Law  :  Tis  acknowledged  by  our  Author,  that 
^dward  Ul  King  of  £"«^W^,  in  the  15th  Year  of  his  Reign,  made 
^  Law,  by  which  he  excluded  all  from  having  any  Inheritance  in 
the  Kingdom  that  were  born  out  of  it,  and  not  lubjed  to  the  Crown 
of  England^  excepting  the  King's  Children.  And  Phtltp  Morgan 
has  Oiown,  from  many  Reafons,  Decifionsj  and  Exrratts  ot  their 
Books  of  Law,  that  the  laid  Law  vt^as  never  underftood  of  their 
Kings,  or  of  their  Children  and  SuccelTors. 

And  as  to  the  4.th  and  laft  Objedf  ion,  concerning  Kinc  Henri's 
Teftament :  (Morgan  having  fhown,  by  many  Reafons,  tliat  Kin^ 
Henry  had  no  Defign  of  defrauding  the  Queen  of  Scotland^  he  fays, 
Tliat  my  Lord  Paget^  one  of  his  Privy  Council,  difcovercd  to  Queen 
c^ary  of  England  that  this  Teftament  was  forged;  and  that  Sir 
Edward  Montague,  Lord  Chief  Juftice,,  'affirmed  the  fame  likewife ; 
and  that  one  WiUtam  Clark  confcffed,  that  he  had  appended  the 
Seal  to  it  after  King  Henrys  Death,  for  which  he  obtained  Pardon 
from  the  faid  Queen ;  and  the  Teftament  was  torn  and  declar'd  null 
and  void.  But,  granting  the  Truth  of  the  Matter  alledged,  our  Au- 
thor proves,  that  it  was  neither  in  the  Power  of  King  Henry  nor 
|iis  Parliament,  to  exclude  Queen  e^iary  from  her  Hereditary  Suc- 
cefTion. 

And  laftly,  our  Author  concludes  his  Book,  with  the  Advantages 
that  France  has  received  by  Queens  and  Princefles :  But  for  the  ma- 
ny Virtues  and  rare  Endowments  of  Wonien,  he  refers  his  Reader 
to  Plutarch'/  Book  of  lUuflrious  Women^  BocaciusV  Book  of  Renown  d. 
Ladies,  Francis  Belon'j  Book  of  the  Impregnable  Fort  of  the  Female 
Honour^  and  to  a  Book  writ  by  Chrtjitna  Ftja  an  Italian  Lady. 

This  Gentleman  died  at  Paris  in  the  Year  1591.  much  regratcd 
by  all  that  knew  him.  The  Bifhop  of  Carlile  (a)  blames  him  for 
his  Partiality  to  his  own  Country,  and  for  bringing  the  Sovereignty 
from  the  People  :  '  The  Affairs  of  his  own  Country  fays  he  (b)  are 

*  his  chief  Subjedl,  and  what  he  had  principally  in  View;   and  he 

*  pretends  to  give  the  Marrow  of  whatever  had  been  offered  to  the 

*  World,  by  Veremond,   the  Black  Book  of  Scoon^   the  old  Chroni- 
<  cles  of  Icolmktll,  (^c.  whereas,  in  truth,  Xoethius  is  his  main  Au- 

'  thor, 

(.0  Snu  HJ.  Hit  IJ}.     It)  Ikii. 


Vol.  liL  One  of  the  Senators  of  the  CoUtge  of  JuJ^ue.  "T^ 

*  thor,  and  the  reft  are  only  Ornaments  of  his  PnfAce.      His  great 

'  Dcfijn,  over  and  above  the  particular  Favour  to  his  own  Country,  'n^V^ 

*  appears  to  be,   the  Giving  in  a  cMemorial  to  the  Court  of  France]'^^^ 

*  in  relation  to  the  then  prefent  State  of  Religion  and  Policy  in  JVof- 

*  land;    and  reminding  the  French  King  o^  the  ancient  Alliances 

*  betwixt  the  two  Realms,  and  wliat  a  ncccffary  Support  thcy  have 

*  been  to  each  other  when  prefs'd  with  the  common  Enemy      In 

*  the  Conclufion  of  his  Work,  we  have  a  Lift  of  both  French  and 

*  Scottijh  Authors  that  have  treated  on  the  ancient  League  bferween 

*  the  two  Kingdoms ;  many  whereof  are  now  hardly  to  be  met  with. 

*  The  Author's  Original  Manufcript  isfaid  to  be  in  the  French  King's 
'  Library  at  Paris  \  And  fpeaking  of  his  remarkable  Inquiries  con- 
cerning t!ie  Government  of  Scotland  (a),  he  fays,  ♦  When  he  comes 

*  to  fpeak  of  the  Original  of  the  Sovereignty,  he  exprefly  fetches  it 

*  from  the  People ;  who,  he  fays,  were  under  a  neceftary  Conftraint 

*  a  cauje  des  Guerres  commencees  par  Us  'Britons,  de  transferrer  leur 

*  Souveratn  Pouvoir,    (^  creer  Fergus,    Bis  de  Ferquhardus  Roj  de 

*  Ireland,  leur  premier  Roy:  That  is  to  fay,  'Becaufe  of  the  Wars  he- 

*  gun  by  the  Britons,  to  transfer  their  Sovereign  Tower,    and  to  create 

*  Fergus    the  Son  of  Ferquhard  King  of  Ireland,  their  Br  ft  Ktna. 

Dempfler  fays,  that  he  was  a  Man  of  great  Reading,  and  of  a 
plealaiit  Temper :  7)a'vid  Chalmer,  fays  he,  five  Camerarius  Ahre- 
donenfis,  in  Gallia  celebri  admodum  nomine  vixit;  vir  multa  ^  va' 
ria  Ledionis,  nee  inamceni  infenii.  And  he  fays,  that  he  is  highly 
commended  by  Rtchardus  Vitus,  in  his  Hiftory  of  Britain,  Lit, 
£5'  Not.^j.  Lth.-lUf.  Not.  I.  Ltb.6.  Not.iy.  And  it  appears  from 
his  Work>,  that  he  was  a  Man  of  great  Reading,  a  good  Divine, 
an  eminent  Lawyer,  a  judicious  Hiftorian,  a  loyal  Subiecfl,  and* 
well  feen  in  the  Greek,  Latin,  EngliP),  French,  Italian  and  Spanifk 
Languages ;  but  cfpecially,  it  is  much  to  be  admired,  that  he  at- 
tained to  fuch  Perfeftion  in  the  French  Language,  that  he  made 
Choice  of  it  to  write  all  his  Works  in :  The  Catalogue  of  which  is 
as  follows. 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

I-  TJJI^oire  abregee  de  tous  les  Roys  de  France,  Angleterre  (f  B- 
X  X  jcoje,  mtse  en  ordre  Par  form  d*  harmonie ;  contenant  aufsi 
un  brief  dijcourt  de  i  ancienne  alliance  ^  mutuel  Jecours  en- 
fre  la  France  ^  t  Ecojfe  :  Tlus,  [  Epitome  de  CHiftoire  Romaine  dee 
fapes  f^  Empereursyeft  adjouftee ;  (^  celle  d  iceux  Roys  augmentefy 
Jelon  la  mejme  methode :  T>edtee  au  Tres-chreflien  Roy  de  Irance  CJ* 
de  Pologne,  Henry  III.  A  Paris,  chex^  Jean  hurier^  ^rts  I4  Col- 
lejre  dc  Reims,  in  8vo. 

Fffffi  IL 


C;  f<€U  HA.  Vtyt  it. 


S^*W*V 


391  TA^Lj/^o/' THOMAS  OGSTON,  Vol.  III. 

r,,^\^  II.  Z.4  Recherche  des  Sirigularitez^  fins  rematquahUs  concernant  le 

*"  'J^  eftat  d'  Efcojje :  Vovee  a  Tres-augHJle  (S  Tres-clemente  J^rincejjet 
c^arie  Reyne  d'  EJcoJfcy  CJ*  'Donainere  de  France.  oA  PariSf 
i^-j^-  in  ^vo. 

III.  'Dijcours  de  la  Legitime  Succefsion  des  Femmes  anx  pojjefsions  de 
leurs  parens;  f^  dn  GoHvernment  des  Princejjes,  anx  Empires 
(^  Royaumes  :  A  Tres-haute  ^  Tres-{age  Trincefs,  Cuthartne 
de  Medici,  Reyne-rnere  du  Roy  Tres-chreflten. ,  Par  David  Cktr/J' 
ire,  EjiolJois,  Confeil/ier  en  la  Cotir  de  Parlemem  a  Edinbourg^ 
njdle  capitale  d"  Ejcoje.  A  Paris,  cheZj  Jean  Fenrier,  presle 
College  de  Retrnes,  15"/^-  in  Svo. 


THE 

LIFE   oirHOMAS  OGSTON.Vto- 
feflbr  of  the  Belles  Lettres  at  Touraine. 

HIS  Gentleman  Was  born  in  the  Southern  Parts 

oi  Scotland;    and  having  finifhcd  the  Courfe  of 

his  Studies  in  his  own  Country,    he  went  over  to 

\°"*'  ■  Ffance,  where  he  ftudied  tor  lome  Years  at  theU- 

"d  i°  m.de'         ^^^  niverfity  of  ^aris ;  and  by  the  Procurement  of  that 

fheiH«°  ~  great  Patfon  of  Learning  Archbifhop  Heatcn,   he 

iZ'Jml      was  made  ProffefTor  of  the  Belles  Lettres  at  Tourame,  where  he  tauw'.it 

them  with  great  Applaufe  near  to  40  Years.     This  Gentleman  has 

efhifw.Tkl!  publifhcd  a  fhort  Hiftory  of  the  Septuagint  Tranjlatton,    or  rather, 

a  Panegyrical  Encomium  upon  that  wonderful  Performance :    And 

fince  that  Hiftory  is  call'd  in  queftion  by  the  Cncicks  of  this  Age,  I 

fhall,  from  our  Author,  give  an  Account,  firft  of  the  Matter  of  Facft, 

as  it  is  related  by  feveral  Authors ;    idly,  of  the  Probability  of  the 

Truth  of  this  Hiffory ;   and  laftly,  the  Objedlions  that  are  brought 

by  the  Criticks  againft  it. 

And  firfl,  as  to  the  Matter  of  Fad:  We  are  told  by  the  feivijh 
Talmudifii,  That  Ptolomy  Philadelphus,  King  of  .^gypt,  having  t- 
redled  a  noble  Library  at  Alexandria,  under  the  inlpedion  of  JOe- 
metritis  Phalerehs  an  Athenian,  and  a  Man  of  great  Learning  ;  he 
refolved  to  have  the  fewi^  Law  amongft  the  reft  of  his  Books : 
And  upon  this^Defign,  he  brought  70  of  the  Elders  or  Seniors 
from  Jerujalem  to  the  Ifland  of  Pharos,  and  commanded  them  to 
traiflatc  the  Law  out  of  the  Hebrew  into  Creek,  for  his  Libiary. 
And  that  he  might  prove  their  Fidelity,  he  caufed  each  of  tiicni  to 
be  confined  to  a  Cell ,  and  when  all  their  Tranflations  were  compa- 
red together,    they  did  not  fo  much  as  differ  in  one  Word  or  Sy- 

lable 


VoL  III.  Frofeljor  of  the  Belles  Lettres  at  Touraine.  ;j«j 

lable  from  one  another  :    So  thac  it  was  acknowledged  by  all,  tlut 

tli.s  could  not  be  without  the  fpecial  In(pira:ion  of  God  :  Therefor     f^/^-^ 

this  Tranllation  has  been  always  lookt  upon  as  of  Divine  Authority.     Ci!^^ 

And  this  IS  the  Matter  of  Fad  j  the  Truth  of  which  is  enforced  from 

tlie  following  Authorities. 

(iAnjleas,  Captain  of  the  Guard  to  Ptolomy  Philadelphns,  wrote 
two  Books  concerning  the  Affairs  of  the  Jews,  from  the  Informa- 
tion that  he  had  from  the  Jevjs  of  aAlexandria:  After  which,  he 
wrote  a  Letter  to  his  Brother  Philocrates,  eiving  him  an  Account  of 
tiiis  Affair  of  the  70  Interpreters,  to  which  he  was  an  Eye-witncfs- 
ond  fivs  exprefly,    ♦  That  after  three  Days  had  pafTed,    Demetrius 

*  took  the  Seniors  along  with  him;  and  having  gotten  over  the  He- 

*  ptafiadinm  and  the  Bridge,   he  brought  them  to  the  North-parts 

*  of  the  IHe,    where  he  placed  the  Aflembly,  in  a  Houfe  fitted  for 

*  tliem,    flanding  upon  the  Shore,  free  from  all  Inquietude,    with 

*  all  the  Convenicncies  of  Situation. 

By  which  'tis  highly  probable,  that  he  means  that  famous  Tower 
whicli  Softratus  of  CnidtisCet  up  in  the  Ifland  oi  Pharos,  to  direathe 
Mariners  in  the  dangerous  Seas  about  ^Alexandria.  And  many  of 
the  fewtjh  and  jirahick  Writers  confirm  this,  tho'  with  Tome  diffe- 
ring Circumftances :  Thus  Rabbi  Jehudah  in  the  Cemara,  fays,  ♦  We 

*  receive  it  by  Tradition^  That  King  Ptolomy  affembled  together  the 
«  71  Seniors,  and  plac'd  them  in  71  feveralConclaves,  not  making 
«  them  acquainted  with  his  Purpofe  :   After  that,   going  in  i!o  each 

*  of  them,  he  faid  unto  them,  Write  me  now  down  the  Law  of  Mo- 

*  [es  the  Malkr.  ^  The  blefTed  and  glorious  God  put  Underftanding 
'  into  every  Man's  Heart,  and  they  all  accorded  in  one  and  the  fame 

*  Senfe. 

The  very  fame  Circumftances  of  the  Stofy  are  fet  down  in 
their  M^ifsida  Sopherim,  in  fofeph  Ben  Gorton,  and  the  Book  In- 
ehafsin  amongft  the  Arabian  Hiftorians :  oAben  Batta  relates  ic 
thus  (4),  '  And  in  the  Twentieth  Year  of  the  Reign  of  Ptolomy,  the 

*  King  went  up  to  the  City  Jerusalem,  and  brought  with  him  from 

*  tlience  70  Men  of  the  Jews  unto  Alexandria,   and  commanded 

*  them,  faying,    Interpret  unto  me  your  Book  of  the  Law  and  th» 

*  Prophets,  out  of  tlie  Hebrew  into  Greek :    And  he  put  every  (5ne 

*  of  them  into  a  feveral  Cell  by  himfelf,   that  he  might  fee  how 

*  each  of  them  would  interpret  a  Parr.      And  when  they  had  fini- 

*  ihed  rheir  Work,    tlie  King  faw  what  every  Man  had  done;    and 

*  their  Writings  all  agreed,  nothing  was  contrary  in  any  one  of  thern  : 

*  So  the  Book  of  the  Interpretation  was  feal'd  up,  and  put  into  the 

*  Houfe  of  their  God  Serapis  \  But  an  Arabick  Commentator  up- 
on the  Pentateuch  fays,  That  this  Tranflation  was  twice  performed, 
and  that  the  Seniors  difagreed  at  the  firfl  Time.     His  Words  are  {b)t 

<  Armius  theCluonologer,  in  the  19  Year  of  the  Reign  of  Ptolomyi 

*  u\Q  Son  of  Ptolomy,  the  Kin^  commanded  that  they  fkould  gatheir 

<  together  the  Seniors  oi  the  Children  of  IJrail^  and  that  they  fhould 

G  g  g  g  g  *  bfirfg 


(«)  is  H<4  EMkfiii.     (»Mfi;taJliU.|*41(uM< 


An.  i5»t 


^5,4.  TheUfeoJ  i:H(JMi\i>   OGSTQN,  Vol.  I  If. 

*  brine  wirli  them  the  Book  of  the  Law  in  their  Hands ;    and  tliar 
'^•'^-^    '  eachot  them  in  fcvcral  fliould  tranflatc  it,    according  as  it  fhoulJ 

I  t)g  revealed  to  his  Undcrftanding.     And  the  Seniors  came  and  prc- 
i  fenced  themfelves  together  with   tlieir  moft  Divine  Hook  of  the 

*  Law :    And  the  King's  Command  was,    That  every  Man  fhoiiUI. 

*  tranflate  the  whole  Book.      And  it  came  to  pafs,  that  the  Senior*: 

*  difa^^reed  in  their  Interpretation,  and  the  King  commanded  to  puc 

*  them  in  Prifon  and  in  Chains'.      Fhilo  JmUns,    fpeaking  oi  this 
Affair,  fays,  '  That  they  fat  down  privately  by  themlelyes;  and  ha- 

*  vin<T  no  other  Company  but  the  Pares  of  Nature,    the  Earth,  the 

*  Waters,    the  Air  and  the  Heavens,  (the  Myftery  of  whofc  Crea- 

*  tion  their  firfl:  Work  was  10  difcovcr  this  Beginning  of  Ai)fes  his 
'  Law)  they  prophefied  as  if  they  had  been  divinely  infpir'd ;    not 

*  one,  one  Thing,  and  another,  another;  but  all  in  the  fameSenfe 

*  and  Words,  as  if  they  liad  been  prompt  by  fome  inviflble  Direiflor. 
All  this  was  not  only   firmly  believed  by  tlie  Jezvs,  but  likewife 

by  the  Fatliers  of  the  Primitive  Church  :    Thus  /«/?'^  Martyr,  in 
hi'i  Par £nefs  to  the  Gentiles,  fpeaking  of  this  Tranflation,    fays, 

*  That  the  Kin"  appointed  to  each  of  the  Interpreters  a  fmall  feve- 

*  ral  Cell,  that  every  Man  might  perform  the  Interpretation  by  him- 

*  felf.     This,  O  ye  Gentiles!  we  report  to  you,  not  in  the  Guife  of 

*  a  Fable  or  feigned  Story,   but  as  a  receiv'd  Tradition,    delivered 
'  unto  us  by  the  Inhabitants  of  the  Place}  for,  we  ourfelves alfo  be- 

*  ing  at  Alexandria,    faw  the  Remainder  of  thefe  Cells,    and  they 

*  are  yet  to  be  fecn  in  the  Ifle  Pharos  at  this  prefent  Day '.     And  in 
another  Place  of  the  fame  Book  he  fays,  '  That  the  King  perceiving 

*  that  thefe  70  Men  had  all  agreed,  not  only  in  the  Matter,    biic 

*  alfo  in  the  Manner  of  the  Interpretation,  in  fo  much  that  no  Man 

*  differ'd  from  another  in  a  Word,  but  every  Man  exprcffed  the  fame 

*  Conceit,  and  by  the  fame  Phrafe  ;    he  flood  amazed,  and  nothing 

*  doubting  but  that  the  Interpretation  was  wrought  by  Divine  Pow- 

*  er,  he  acknowledged  that  the  Interpreters  were  worthy  of  all  Ho- 

*  nour,  as  being  Men  to  whom  God  did   bear  a  peculiar  Refpedl:: 

*  And  having  nrft  given  them  condign  Reward,  he  took  Order  for 
'  their  Departure  into  their  own  Country. 

Jren&us,  who  lived  likewife  in  the  id.  Century,  fays,  *  That  Tto- 

*  lomy  confidering  with  himfelf,    that  if  they  fhould  be  fuffered  to 

*  confer  one  with  another,  they  might  perchance  conceal  fomething 

*  of  the  Verity  of  their  Scripture,    by  Ways  of  Interpretation;    he 

*  feparated  them  each  from  other,   and  commanded  them,  that  e- 

*  very  Man  fliould  tranflatc  the  fame  Part;    and  this  Order  was  ob- 

*  fcrved  in  all  the  Book  '.  And  concerning  their  Agreement,  he 
fayeth,  '  That  they  all  fct  down  the  fame  Things,  in  the  fame  Senfe, 
»  and  in  the  fame  Words;  in  fo  much,  that  all  People  who  were 
«  then  prefent,  acknowledged  that  the  Tranflation  was  made  bv  the 
«  Infpiration  of  God '.  And  we  have  the  lefs  Caufe  to  marvel  that 
God  fhould  thus  do,  feeing  he  wrought  as  great  a  Miracle  for  his 
Scripture  by  the  Hand  of  Ez^ra^  in  the  Reftitution  of  the  Law. 

And 


Vol.  ill.  Profetfor  of  the  Belles  Lettres  at  Touram^  7^ 

And  to'tlie  fame  Turpofes  f peaks  S.  Clement  of  Alexandria    S  CV 

•  //  .111^1     J^h^hL/ttrtue  •     nnlv    T^tuhU^^i^^,    /%..-      -r-i i        -..  ^       .  -' 


r^y^•^ 


rd  and  Epif^hamtis ;  only  Eptphantus  fays,  That  the  IVanflation  was    x^.^,' 
pel  formed  in  jd  Cells :  Which  the  Criticks  endeavour  to  reconcile    ^-^V^ 
with  the  former  Teftimonies,  by  telhna  us,  that  each  of  thcfe  Cells 
were  double,  and  fo  every  two  of  tliclc  Tranflators  were  feparatc 
the  one  from  the  other,  by  a  Partition-  "        * 

Bur  notwithftanding  of  all  thefe  Authorities,  and  that  this  Storv 
for  many  Ages,  has  been  receiv'd  as  a  Truth ;    yet  wc  have  Reafon 
from  the  following  Confiderations,    to  call  the  Truth  of  it  in  que- 
ilion  (a):    For  all  that  the  Jews  and  Primitive  Fathers  have  (aid 
of  cms  Tranflation,    is  taken    from    the  Teftimony    of  yirtfleas 
wiiom  we  have  good  Reafon  to  fufped  as  a  fuppofititious  Author' 
becaufe  his  Hiftory  no  ways  agrees  with  the  Chronology  of  thefe* 
Times.     'Tis  faid.  That  Demetrius  Phalerem  Prince  of  ^thefts  was 
the  Perfon  who  brought  the  pws  to  perform  this  Tranflation,'  un- 
der the  Reign  of  Ptolomy  Phtladelphus  :   Now  'tis  certain,  that  De- 
metrius could  not  be  in  Credit  under  Ptolomy  "Phtladelphus,    nor  a- 
live  in  the  Time  when  this  Verfion  is  fuppofed  to  be  made  -    for 
Demetrius  came  into  ^gypt  in  the  Rcign  of  Ptolomy  the  Son  of 
Lagus  ;  and  haying  counfelled  that  Prince  to  nominate  for  hisSuc- 
ccdors  the  Children  that  he  had  bv  Euridice,    he  fell  into  Diferace 
with  "Ptolomy  Philadelphus,   who  banifh'd  him  his  Court  after  the 
Death  oi  his  Fathe;,  and  confined  him  to  a  Province,  where  he  di- 
ed fhortly  after,    as  we  are  informed  by  Hermippus  in  Dtogehes  La- 
ertius.     By  wliich  'ns  plain,  firft,  That  Demetrms  was  not  in  Credit 
with  Ptolomy  Phtladelphus,   and  confequently  could  not  be  hjs  Bi- 
bliothecar,  or  commiflioned  by  him  for  inviting  the  Jews  to  per- 
form this  Tranflation.     zdly.  This  Verfion  of  the  Septua<^int  bein«r 
made,  as^  it  is  faid,  fome  Years  after  the  Beginning  of  pfolomy  Phf- 
Udtlphus's  Reign,  "Demetnus  could  not  have  the  Care  of  it,  bein* 
dead  before  that.  But  'tis  commonly  anfwer'd  to  this.  That  Ptolorwi 
phtladelphus tci^nedCome  confiderable  Time,  as  Eujebius  obferv6sini 
his  Chronicle;  and  'twas  at  this  Time  th^i Demetrtus  had  the  Care 
of  tlie  Bibliotheck  and  the  Septuagint  Tranflation  :  And  this  is  the 
Reafon  why  fome  lay,  that  tins  was  done  under  the  Reign  oi  Pto* 
lomy  Thila'delphus,  and  others,  under  the  Reign  of  Ptolomy  the  Son 
of  Lagus.      But  yirijleas  favs  cxprcfly,   that  this  was  done  undei 
the  Reign  oi  Ptolomy  Phtladelphus ,  and  to  him  only  he  makes  Z)^- 
wetriut  addrcfs  himlelf  for  Letters  to  the  Jews,    and  'tis  only  he 
that  writes  ;q  them.     Moreover  Vitruvius, .  in  the  Preface  to  his  7th 
Book,  fays,  That  Ptolo/^y  Phtladelphus  made  a  Bibliotiieck,  in  Imi- 
tation of  ilic  Kings  of  Pergamus,  and  that  Jrifiophsnes  the  Gram- 
marian of  4thens,  vm  ,his  Bibliothctar.     From  wiience  it  follows, 
That  Demetrius  was  not  his  Bibhothecar,  ar^d  that  the  Library  wa* 
begun  after  his  Death  5    for  the  King  of  PfrgamUsj  in  Imitatioojof 
whom  Ptobmy  cre<5bed  this  Library,  was  bumehes,  and  jic  could  o<?t 
^o  it  till  after  the  Death  of  Demetrius ;    For  which  lleafoo  Smdas 

G  g  g  g  g  1  fays, 


0  \U»  H.  i*  fte'i  BtkL  £Ml«r.  V^  L  r«(«  It.  ^C  Fnlun. 


^<)6  The  Ufe  of  THOM\S  OGSrON,  Vol.  I  IT. 

lays,  That  the  Vcrlion  ot  the  Scptuacint  was  not  made  till  the  33d 
r*/v-^    Year  of  the  Reign  of  Ptolomy  PhtUdelphus,  and  that  Ztnodatus  was 
p^Al!^    the  Biblioihecar.      And   this  makes  another  Contradidtion  in  the 
Chronology  of  ^ny?(frtj's  Narration;  for  he  fays,  that  the  70  came 
into  ^gypty  when  Ptolomy  was  making  a  folemn  Feafl  upon  the  Ac- 
count ot  tne  naval  Battle   that  he  had   obtained  over  j4ntigonus: 
Now,  this  Battle  mud  have  been  that  which  Diodorns  fpeaks  of  jn 
his  Twentieth  Book,    and  which  happened  in  the  3d  Yeat  of  the 
18th  Olympiad  )  but  at  that  Time  VemttriUs  was  not  yet  come  un- 
to yEfypt;  for  he  arrived  not  there  till  after  the  Dtath  of  Caj/^w^rr, 
which  happened  in  the  id  Year  of  the  Zio  Olympiad:  And  grant- 
ing that  he  had  come  at  that  Time,    'tis  certain  that  Eleaz^ar  was 
not  then  the  High  Pried  of  the  Jews,  as  j^rifieas  makes  him  ;  for 
according  to  £MJe/'»<^,  he  did  not  begin  his  Priellhood  till  the  113d 
Olympiad.     And  Laftly,  The  whole  Narration  feems  to  be  nothing 
but  a  Heap  of  Fables  and  Contradi(ftions:    For 'tis  faidt    That  Df* 
nietrius  ^oing  along  with  the  Seniors  to  the  Idc  Pharos,  they  went 
over  the  Neptnjladium  and  the  Bridge  :   Which  is  a  notorious  ^«- 
chronijm ;  tor  Homer  fays,    That  of  old  the  Ifland  of  Tharos  lay  a 
whole  Day  and  a  Night's  Sailing  from  jiUxandria.    But  whatever 
Truth  is  m  this,  it  is  certain,  that  the  true  Diftance  between  it  and 
the  City  was  about  7  Furlongs :    This  Space  was,   in  After-times, 
wrought  into  an  JJlhmus,    by  the  Induf^ry  and  fxpences  of  Cleop4- 
tra  {a\  who,  as  we  are  told  by  jdmmianus  MarccUinus  fpeakin^  ot 
this  Queen,    fays,  '  The  fame  Cleopatra  raifed  the  Heptafiadmntt 

*  not  more  wonderful  for  its  Magnitude  than  for  the  Expedition  of 
'  the  Bufinefs ;  and  die  did  it  for  a  Reafon  very  necelTary  and  very 

*  well  known  :    The  Ifland  TWoj,  which  was  about  a  Mile  didant 

*  from  the  City,  paid  Tribute  to  the  Rhodians;  which  being  by  them 

*  too  intolerably  exaded,  the  politick  Princefs,  always  exquifitely 
'  able  to  deceive,  upon  a  Time  withdraws  the  Publicans  unto  the 

*  Suburbs,  as  it  there  had  been  fome  great  Holy-day  to  be  kept :  In 

*  the  meantime,  die  had  fet  a-work  to  cad  mighty  Heaps  into  the 

*  Sea ;  which  being  followed  with  indefatigable  Pains,   7  Furlongs 

*  of  Sea  were  made  into  Earth  within  the  Space  of  7  Days,   and  the 

*  City  continued  with  the  Ifle.     This  done,  the  Queen  rode  over 

*  in  her  Chariot,  and  told  the  Publicans,  That  they  were  much  de- 

*  ceived  to  come  and  require  Impod  for  the  Ifle,  for  that  it  was 
'  now  become  a  Continent  *.  So  that  yirijleas  making  mention  of 
the  Heptafadium,  he  ought  to  live  either  in  or  after  the  Days  of 
Cleopatra;  whereas  the  true  jlrifieat  was  dead  long  before. 

'Tis  faid.  That  £leaz,ar  the  Fiigh  Pried  made  choice  of  71  Per- 
fonsoutof  the  11  Tribes,  taking  6 out  of  each  Tribe:  Now,  it  is 
certain,  that  the  11  Tribes  were  not  then  fubfifting,  nor  had  not 
been  fince  the  Taking  oi  Samaria  by  Salmanajjar.  And  if  it  be  faid, 
That  there  might  be  Remains  of  each  Tribe  amongd  them;  'tis  ve- 
ry incredible,   that  he  fliould  get.  6  precifcly  of  each  Tribe  vrho 

were 

(«)  r*  Jaliia,  Lib.  it,  P((«  2I5. 


Vol.  III.  Trofejjor  of  the  Belies  Lettres  at  Touraine.  jpy 

were  qualified  for  tliis.great  Enterprize.     Thvpomus  is  (aid  co  nave 
gone  diftraded  for  offering  to  infert  fome  ot  the  Law  inhisHifto*     'J^'V' 
ty ;    and  TljeodeilHs,  a  Tragick  Poor,   to  be  ftruck  blind,  fbt  offer-     '^K^ 
ing  likcwife  to  put  feme  PalTages  of  Scripture  in  his  Poems.     And, 
intone  Word,  the  Wliolc  of  the  Narration  has  (6  much  of  the  Fa-' 
ble  in  it,  that  it  plainly  difcovers  it  to  have  been  written  by  an  He- 
leniftical  Jeiv^  and  not  by  u^njleas.     But,  upon  the  whole,  'tis  cer- 
tain, that  long  before  our  Saviour's  Time  there  was  a.  Greek  Vdrfion 
of  the  Old  Ttftament,  that  was  received  as  authentick  amongft  the 
Jews,    and    which  our  Saviour  and   his  Apoftles  often  appeal  to, 
and  wiiich  is  called  Tl:>e  Septuagint  T^fanjlattort. 

Befides  this  Book,  which  Mr.  Dempjier  calls  his  Ohfervationes  in 
Septuaginta,  he  fays  he'tfanflated  feveral  Greek  Authors  into  Latin, 
feveral  Greek  Poems  compos'd  by  himfelf,  feveral  Greek  and  Latin 
Orations,  and  a  Prelude  to  Rhetorick. 

This  Gentleman,  whom  Dempfter  calls  Tfjoinas  AugufiinUs,  died    ^  j^,^ 
at  Touraine,  in  1591.  and  was  (ja^s  he)  one  of  the  moft  eminent  8tch.r,atfl 
Perfons  of  his  A^e ;  well  feen  in  the  GNtk,  Hebrew  and  Latin  Lan- 
guages, and  an  incomparable  Antiquary :    Vir  inter  eminent ifiimos 
juifdciili.  homines  jure  numerandus ;    Cr/ice,  Latint  ^  Hebraice  do- 
mjsimus,   antiquantis  incomparabtlis: 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

I.  /^^Ratio  Hijiorica  de  LXX  Interpretibus  Rom.    initio.  1500* 
IL  ^jtorundam  audorum  verfioncs  e  Ctaco  in  Latinum, 
in.  Poemata  Crxca. 

IV.  Orationts  Grace  Latineqtte. 

V.  PfAludia  Mhetorica- 


Hhhfih  THE 


398 


V..L   ,11. 


A".  ij»{.  THE 

LIFE  of  JOHN  MAITLANV.Lord 
Thyrlejiane^  and  Lord  High  Chancellour 
oi  Scotland. 

HIS  Nobleman  was  Son  to  Sit  Richard  M^iitliind 

ot  Litbinpotiity  and  Brother  to  Secretary  Lithtnf- 

HiiBirtb,  ■  fQfi^     After  that  he  had  finifhed  the  Coiirfc  ot  his 

t'j't'l'li'ii.  ■  Studies  in  Grammar  and  Philofophy,  his  Parents 

fent  him  over  to  France  to  ftudy  the  Laws  (a) :  And 
upon  his  Return,  he  entred  Advocate,    and  in  a 
fliort  Time  became  fo  famous  tor  his  Learning  and  Prudence,  that 

it  *"  ^^^  ^^^"^  ^5^+  '^^  ^^^^  made  Secretary  of  State,  and  the  next  Year 

$ecteui;«f  yvas  madc  Chancellour,    upon  James  Stuart  Earl  oi  yirraris  being 

put  out  of  that  Office.     Whilft  ne  was  Secretary  of  State,  a  treafo- 

nable  Enterprizc  wa>  made  againft  the  King's  Perfon  at  Stirling^  in 

the  Year  1595,  which  happened  thus. 

The  King  being  informed  of  a  Defign,  of  fome  of  his  rebellious 
Subjc(fls,  ai2,ainft  his  Sacred  Perfori,  he  went  ro  Stirling,  where  he 
«ur!n^'c^'n-  cmittcd  a  ProclaiTiation ;  Commanding  all  his  loyal  Subjeifts  to  meet 
'^I^^iU     ^'i''"  at  the  Caftle  ot  Crawford,  upon  the  lid  ot  Oclober  (/>),  for  Re- 
^"i-  *     fiftinfT  the  Attempts  of  the  Rebels.     But  all  Things  were  fo  prepa- 
red by  the  Court  of  England.,  who  ftill  fomented  the  Divilions  in 
Scotland,   that  the  Rebels  did  prevent  the  King  in  the  Expedition  j 
for  they  had  appointed  their  Rendezvous  at  Lintoun  in  Ticeeddale: 
And  meeting  there,  did  folemnly  fwear,  not  to  (eparate,  or  give  o- 
ver  the  Proiecution  of  their  Enterprize,  till  the  King  (hould  receive 
them  into  his  Favour,  and  put  the  Earl  of  ^rran,  Captain  fan7es 
Stuart,  then  Chancellour,  (and  who  had  obtained  the  Sccrctarv- 
office  for  our  Author^  out  of  his  Office.     My  Lord  Maxivel  brougiit 
with  him  about  ^00  Soldiers  and  about  706  Horfemen ;  all  the  reft 
did  hardly  equal  what  he  had  with  him,  altho'  Bothwel,   Httme^ 
Tea/ier,  Cejsford  and  Drumlanrig  had  joined  with  them.     And  to 
juftify  their  Proceedings,  they  gave  out  a  Proclamation  ;  Declaring 
the  Caufesof  their  Enterprizc  to  be.  The  Defence  of  the  true  Refor- 
med Religion,  The  T>eli'verance  of  the  Ktng  from  corrupt  Counfellers., 
and  the  Preferring  ofjlnnty  zvith  England,  zvhich  the  Earl  of  Arran 
endeavoured  to  break.     And  nothing  was  left  unfaid  in  this  Procla- 
mation, to  render  him  odious  to  the  People;    and  particularly,  a- 
mongft  other  Things,  they  laid  to  his  Charge,  That  he  had  claim- 
ed to  the  Crown,  as  being  defcended  from  Duke  (^Murdoch,  who 
was  beheaded  in  the  Reign  of  King  fames  I.  and  that  he  had  afTu- 
mcd  to  himfelt  the  Title  of  King  fames  \IL     Our  Hiftorians  tell 

us 

(«)  Vid*  Scoli  Tarvel'i  Sr<{.  Su($  of  iht  Scoii  ittccfiLca.      (()  SpetUwoed,  Lik,  S.   P.  341. 


VolIII.     The  Life  of  ] OH  MMT LAND,  Lord  T\mmne,(fc.     ?qq 

us,  That  the  Year  before  this,  he  rpok  Proteftition  in  open  Court 
of  Parliament,  That  he  renounced  any  Title  which  he  liad  to  the  J^<^ 
Crown  :  Piljich  (Spotifwood  favsj  Jje  did  to  purge  himjelf  of  that  A{- 
perfton  ;  bttt  the  Trotejlation  was  laughed  at  in  the  Time  hy  the  wtfer 
Sort,  and  gave  them  to  think,  that  juch  a  fvUy  had  once 'poje, fed  his 
Mind.  In  this  Proclamation  they  likewife  blamed  Colonel  i>«^rr 
as  another  who  gave  bad  Counfel  to  the  King ;  but  they  blame 
none  of  his  other  Counfellors,  which  higioly  increafcd  the  Chan- 
cellor's Fears  of  being  deferred  by  them. 

The  Englijh  Ambaffador  no  fooner  heard  of  their  being  in  Arms 
but  without  taking  his  Leave,  he  retired  in  all  Haftc  from  Stirling 
to  Berwick:  Upon  whicn  a  Poft  was  fent  after  him,  with  a  Letter 
from  the  King,  wherein  lie  defired  to  know.  If  he  was  dire(5ted  ht 
the  Queen  his  Sovereign  to  depart  after  that  Manner?  Tiie  £x- 
prefs  Having  overtaken  him  at  Anwtck,  he  returned  an  Anfwer; 
wherein  he  told  the  King,  '  That  he  had  received  no  fuch  Diredlion 

*  from  his  Queen,  when  he  was  fiift  employed;  but  that  oi  late  he 
»  had  received  a  Command  to  retire,    becaufe  he  Ijw  no  Hope  of 

*  delivering  up  ot  t..e  Laird  of  Famherfi,  who  was  1 1  im'd  for  the 
«  Killing  ot  bir  Francis  Rujel,  Son  to  the  Earl  of  Bedford;  *  tho*  he 
knew  at  tne  (aiue  Time,  that  Panther  ft  was  confin'd  at  Aherdten^ 
and  no  Lite  expcdletl  tor  him.  And  in  the  Conclufion  of  his  Let- 
ter he  fiid,   *  Tiiac  it  could  not  be  granted   that  he  had  departed 

*  injalut  .to  hojptte,    fince  he  performed  that  Office  both  with  his 

*  Heart  and  Hand ;  and  chat  he  fhould  by  all  polTiblc  Means  endea- 
'  vour,  that  his  Departure  Ihould  rather  help  to  maintain  than  dif- 
'  folve  the  Amity  becwixc  his  Sovereign  and  him. 

In  this  laft  Paragraph,  his  Meaning  by  his  Heart  and  his  Handy 
was  a  Letter  that  he  left,  to  be  given  to  the  King  the  Day  after  he 
was  gone;  in  which  he  blamed  ^Arraris  Credit  with  the  King,  as 
the  (ole  Caufe  of  all  thclc  Troubles.     And  aArran  having  feen  this 
Letter,  it  increafed  his  fears  of  fhe  under-hand  Pradfices  of  his  E- 
nemies  againft  him,  and  openly  accufed  the  Mafler  of  Cray,  as  be- 
ing privy  to  the  AmbafTador's  Departure ;    which  he  denied  :  Tetf 
Cfavs  Spotifwood)  all  that  Hlme  nothing  was  done  that  was  fittmgy 
either  for  the  Kings  Safety  or  Reputation,    and  not  fo  much  as  the 
Caftle  Jurnijhed  with  Fiiimls;   which  wight  have  been  eafily  provi* 
del     Nor  were  the  Rebels  ignorant  of  this;  which  made  them  ufe 
tiie  greater  Hafle,  marching  directly  to  Falkirk,   and  from  thence 
to  St.  Ninians,    which  is  aoout  Half  a  Mile  from  Stirling  :    And 
here  they  put  themfelves  in  Order  of  Batttle,  and  flood  fo  till  Night: 
At  which  Time,  Warning  being  given  them  by  their  Friends  within 
the  Town,  they  advanced;  and  knowing  all  the  PafTagcs,  they  en* 
trcd  into  the  Town  without  any  Oppoution.     The  Earl  of  Art  an 
the  Chancellour  had  taken  upon  him  to  watch  that  Night,  and  was 
keeping  the  Town-gate,  when  a  Cry  was  raifed  that  the  Town  was 
taken:    The  Earl  o\.  Cratvford,  who  watched  with  him,  fled  to  the 
Cadle ;   buE  ViM  ChaiiccUour  efcaped  by  she  Bridge,  of  which  he 

H  h  h  b  h  I  kept 


400  The  Life  of  ]OHN    M  A I  T  L  A  N  D,  Vol,  MI. 

kepc  the  Keys,     borne  weak  Rcfiilancc  was  made  by  Colonel  Stuart 
^""'^^    at  tlic  Head  of  the  Market-flrcetj  but  he  was  foon  defeat,  with  the 
jC/\!o     l^illina  only  of  fomc  few  of  iiis  Followers.     The  Borderers,  accor- 
ding to  their  Cuftom,  tell  upon  the  Stables,  and  (eiz'd  upon  all  the 
Gentlemens  Horles;  a  good  Number  of  which  were  then  in  Town  : 
and  the  jirmjlrongs  fell  a-plundring   the  Houfcs,    which  they  did 
with   (o  much  Severity  (a),    that  they  took  the  very  Barrs  of  Iron 
from  their  Windows,     ^he  next  Morning  they  laid  Sie^c  to  the 
Caftle,    which  they  knew  could  not  long  hold  out  againll  them ; 
for  there  was  not  above  one  Day's  Provilion  in  it.     In  this  Extre- 
mity, the  King  was  adviicd  to  lend  two  of  the  Lords  of  his  Coun- 
cil to  them,    to  enquire  what  they  defigned  to  do  ;    and  the  Sccre- 
ravy  (ourAuthoi),  and  the  Lord  Juftice-Clerk  were  ordered  to  con- 
fer with  them  ;  At  their  fiift  Meeting  the  Secretary  told  them,  That 
(lid)  violent  Measures  i^ere  not  to  be  apfroven  of,  and  that  they  ivould 
find  it  dangerous  to  deal  after  this  Manner  ivith  their  King ;  for, 
zvhate'ver  thty  extorted  from  him,    either  by  Force  or  Fear,    he  would 
i'oon  find  M£<ins  to  undo,  and  never  xoant  loyal  SubjeSis  to  (ernje  him 
in  ivhat  he  had  an  Inclination  for :  j4nd  therefor  he  adnjijed  them  to 
ait  like  loving  and  dutiful  Subjeiis,    with  Petiticns  in  their  Hands, 
and  jubmitttng  themjehes,  upon  their  Knees,   to  the  Kings  Q^ercy. 
To  this  the  Kebcl  Lords  replied,  That  it  grieved  them  very  much  to 
he.  reducd  to  that  Nccefsity,   nothing  being  more  dear  and  facred  to 
them  than  the  Kings  Honour  and  Safety :   But  what  could  they  have 
don<;,    for,  bj  the  Influence  of  the  Earl  of  An  an  over  the  King,  they 
had  been  banifhed  from  their  Country,   put  from  their  Livings,  their 
Friends  usd  with  Cruelty,  the  King  not  permitted  to  hear  them  in  their' 
jufl  Defence,   and  always  debarred  jrom  presenting  their  Petitions  : 
^  hat  their  Coming  m  a  hofiile  Manner,  was  not  to  difhonour  or  force 
the  King,  to  whom  they  would  be  mofl  humble  Supplicants,  and  upon 
their  Kiees,  if  they  could  obtain  Accefs,    beg  e^ercy  at  his  Hands ; 
all  they  did,    luas  to  jave  themfelves  from  Ruin,  and  to  be  fecured 
from  their  ytdverfaries,  who  had  wronged  them  and  the  zohole  Lfiates 
of  the  Kingdom :    Where  for  they  befought  them,  as  their  Countrymen 
and  Ir tends,  to  interceed  ivith  His  o^ajefly.  That  they  might  be  ac- 
cepted tn  Favour,  and  all  Things  compojed  in  the  mofl  quiet  and  ho- 
nourable Manner,  for  the  King  and  Country,  that  could  be  devifed. 

This  being  reported  to  the  King,  it  did  mitigate  his  Paffion :  Then 
he  faid  to  the  Secretary,  That  he  was  never  pleafed  witli  Arraris. 
violent  Meafures  of  Proceeding  againft  feverals  of  the  Nobility;  yet 
I  cannot  but  be  offended  with  them,  for  their  Coming  againft  me 
in  an  iioftile  Manner :  Yet  my  Love  for  my  Country,  and  People's 
Eafe  and  Quiet,  makes  me  willing  to  pardon  them :  But  there  is 
one  Thing  which  I  would  have  you  to  look  to,  and  that  is.  That 
none  in  my  Company  receive  any  Harm ;  for  I  know  there  are 
Quarrels  betwixt  tiic  Earl  of  Cr^ty/or^and  theMafter  of  Glammis, 
tliat  the  Earl  oi  Angus  doth  not  like  Q^ontrofs ,  and  I  believe  that 
Co- 

(4)  Vide  Joholi.  Hid.  icium  B(i(.    ad  An. 


-    -    -       I      •         '  ■  ■  ■   ■ 

Vol.  III.  Lord  Thirlftanc  and  Chaficeliour  of  Scotland. 

Colonel  Stuart  is  not  well  beloved,  for  Things  done  in  my  Service  • 
Thefe  I  cannot  fee,  with  rnine  Hortoui-;  anyways  harmed;  Co  pro-' 
vide  for  that,  diid  tell  them,  that  I  ihall  willingly  admit  thern. 

The  S^cr^tary  having  reported  this  to  them ;  they  only  beeecd 
That  His  Majcfty  would  for  fome  Time  caufe  thefe  Noblemen  be 
put  in  Cuftody,  and  the  Place  of  Colonel  of  the  Guards  taken  from 
Stttan,  and  conferred  upon  Whom  He  pleafed :  Which  the  Kins 
having  agreed  to,  they  were  brought  before  His  Ma/efty ;  ahd  fallinl 
down  upon  their  Knees,  th6  Lord  Hamilton,  in  Name  of  all  the 
reft,  faid,  TA^r  thij  were  come,  ih  that  mo  ft  htimble  Manner  to  he^ 
Mercy  of  His  Majefy,  and  that  he  would  be  pleafed  to  pardon  them 
and  to  be  retonciled  to  them'    To  this  the  King  anfwered  * 

My  Lord, 
•g-  Did  never  fee  you  before,  and  mufi  confefs,  that  of  all  this  Compel- 
iL  tij  you  have  keen  mo  (I  wronged:   Tou  were  a  faithful  Servant  to 
the  ^een  my  Mother  in  my  Minority;  and  when  I underftoodnot,  4S 
J  do  now,  the  State  of  Ihinqsy  ydu  wen  hardly  usd.    Thereji  ofjouy 
that  fince  that  ^imt  have  been  exiled  and  put  fr on;  your  Livings ,   I 
cannot  but  (ay, ,  that  ft  was  your,  own  Faults,  and  that  your  undutiful 
iBehavionrpKGCurid  the  fame,  ,<Then  cumins  himfelf  tg  the  pari  of 
iBothweli  hcraid.j..Bw,  Francis ! ,  what  moved yeu  to, take  this  Courfe^ 
and  to  come  in  Arms  again fl,  me?  Did  I  ever  any  Wrong  to  you  ?  Or 
what  Caufe  havejou  to  be  of  ended  at  me?   I  wijh  you  a  quieter  spi- 
rit, and  that  you  may,  learn  to  live  as  a  dutiful  Suijea ; ,  otherwifcj 
you  rhayexpeif  to  be  punijhed. according  jo  your  Defervings.     "But  1 
Jay  to  dU  cf  you  in  general,  That  frice  J  am  perf waded  that  you  did 
not  mean  really  any  Harm  to  my  Perf  on,  1  am  pleafed  to  give-  both,  nri 
Hand  and  thy  Htart,  and  wiU  remember  nothing  that  is  pa  ft;  provi- 
ding that  you  carry  yourjelves  from  hencefortjo  as  becometh  dutiful  and 
loyal  Subjects.     Alter  which  they  arofc  one  by  one,  and  kiifed  His 
Majcfty's  Hands :  But  it  was  obfcrved,  that  he  fhewed  iriore  Kind- 
nefs  to  Hamtltott,  than  to  all  of  them. 

Two  Days  after  the  Kin?,   in  Council,  did  renew  his  Promife, 
and  by  a  publick  Ad,    did  confirm  the  Pardon  granted  tq  them, 
which  was  proclaim'd  by  Sound  of  Trumpet  j  andthe  Chanceilouc 
was  obliged  to  lyrjc  p;^ivatcly  amongft  his  Friends,  till  at  length,,  as 
he  was,riding  thtp*  Crawford-moor,  he  was  murdered  by  the  Lord 
Forthoral, ,  natural  5pn  to  f\dorton  the  R  cgenr.     This  Nobleman  was 
Son  and  Heir  to,  the  Lord  Ochiltree,  who  hid  a  great  Hand  in  the 
Reformation,;  and  about  the  17th  Year  of  his  Age,  was  made  Cap- 
tain of  the  King's  Guard,  and  afterwards,  Conftable  of  the  CafUc  o£ 
Edinburgh,  one  pf  Hi?  Mai^ftv's  Privy;  Council,  and  Earl  pf  ^rran, 
and  was  m  fucb  favpyr  with  tne  King,  ,that.npthing,w^s  dpne,  ii'itlj* 
out  his  Advice }  vvhich>  ^  it  rendred  him  theObje<fV  pf  the  Nobili- 
ty's Hauid,  fo  It  made  him  intolerably  iiifplcnt,'    which  at  l^ng^tli 
obliged  the  King  jtq  abandon  hjm  to  the  pjfqretip;!  of,  ijis  Enemies^ 
who  puifued  him  frpm  Place  to  Place,   (ill  he  was  killed;^  as  we 

I « i  i  i  bftve 


^01 rhe  Life  of  }0^^  MAJTLA-KD. Vol-  n\, 

have  faid,  by  the  Loid  Jvrtheral,  for  hisj  having  accus'tl  his  Fatlict 
'^'^  the  Reeent  ot  being  acceflory  to  the  Murdering  of  the  King's  Fa- 
«^»v^  ther.  And  our  Author  fucceedcd  to  him,  being  BnadeChanccllour 
oi  Scotland  in  his  Place,  for  the  Good  he  had  done  in  reconciling 
th/e  King  to  the  banifhed  Lords :  But  he  had  a  more  difficult  Task 
in  reconciling  Him  wit\i  the  Clergy,  ,    ' 

Fpr  jfuch  of  them  as  were  for  the  Geneva  Difcipline,  prefs'd  tlie 
King  to  clbblifh  it,  thinking  that  the  Chancellour  was  the  only  Ob- 
d.'*n«iTout' ftaci^  CO  their  Dcfign;  but  when  they  found  that  the  King  was  not 
i^ar*ej'!Tat  of  theit  Miod,    Warning  was  given  to  them  by  the  Moderator  of 
lo'nciu'chr  the  laft  Allembly,   to  meet  at  'Dumfermlmg  upon  the  15  of  N> 
^'liy'^' 'venjber(a) :    But  when  they  came  there,    the  Laird  of  P///?rrf«, 
Provoft  of  the  Town,    denied  them  Accefs,    telling  them,  that  he 
had  the  King's  Command  for  what  he  did.     Upon  which  they  met 
in  iht  Fields ;  and  it  was  refolved  amongft  them,  That  they  (houl,d 
meet  in  the  Town  of  Linlithgow  before  the  Meeting  of  the  Parlia- 
ment, which  was  appointed  to  meet  in  that  Town  in  the  Month  of 
Vtcemb'er  :   But  in' the  meantime,  they  were  exhorted  by  their  Mo- 
derator, to  preach  i^o  their  People  the  Danger  that  the  Can  fe  of  Cod 
was  in.     Uponvvliich,   there  were  a  great  many  feditious  t»ermons 
preached  ;  and  one  Mr.  IViUiam  Watjon,  one  of  the  Preachers  of  E- 
dinlm?gh^  had  the  Impudence  to  reprove  the  King  to  his  own  Face 
frciiii  the  Pulpity  for  which  he  was  committed  to  theCaAIe  of  BUck- 
nefsy  and  Mr.  James  \jih(en,  Minifter  of  Pancaitland,  in  another 
Preachment  at  £^/»W^^,  faid.  That  Captain  Jzmes  (meaning  the 
late  Chancellour)  with  his' Lady  Ifobel,  ^«^  William  Stuart /^f  Co- 
lond.,  were  taken  to  he  the  Perfecuters  of  the  Church;  but  that  now  it 
was  feen  to  be  the  King  himjelf :    Aeainfl  whom  he  denounced  the 
Gurfe  that  fell  on  Jeroboam,  That  he  fhottld  die  childlefs,  and  be  the 
UfiofhisRace:  And  being  brought  before  the  Council,  he  adhe- 
red to  what  he  faid;   for  which  he  was  likewife  committed  to  Pri- 
fon.     And  the  more  the  King  noticed  them,  and  the  moreRcrpe<5t 
that  he  paid  them,  the  more  infblcnt  they  turned  :  For  which  Rea- 
foh  the  Chancellour  advifed  the  King,  To  leave  them  to  themjehest 
for-  they  luould  render  themfetves  ridiculous,   by  their  j4£iings,  to  the 
Ptoplei  whereas  His  c^ajejly,  by  imprifoning  of  them  for  their  un- 
dutiful  Speeches  and  'Behaviour,  rendred  them  the  Objeil  of  their  Cont' 
pajsion.      And  here  I  cannot  but  take  notice  of  a  very  fevere  and 
iinjuft  Reflc<5f ion  of  Bifliop  Spotifwood  (b),  upon  this  Advice  of  our 
Author  to  the  King.     *  The  Chancellour  (fays  he)  perceiving  the 

*  King  fo  vexed  with  the  Affairs  of  the  Church,   and  the  Miniflers 

*  fo  refra<5lory  and  unwilling  to  be  ruled,    did  advife  him  to  leave 

*  them  to  their  own  Courfes;  faying.  That  in  a  fhort  time  they  would 
*■  become  fo  intolerable,  as  the  People  would  chafe  them  out  of  the 

*  Country.     True,  [anfwered  the  King)  if  I  were  purpofed  to  undo 

*  the  Church  and  Rehgion,    I  fhoulcf  think  your  Coimfel  not  ill; 

*  but  my  Mind  is  to  maintain  both,    therefor  I  cannot  fuffer  them 

♦to 

C*)  Vid*  Sfout*oo<i,  UW.  <.  P.ge  $41.  CiWeiWOod,  P.ge  187.      C»)  Lib.  ♦.  P»et.54;« 


Vol.  III.  LorJ  ThirKlane  dnd  ChafiXlUour  of  ::)COiIan<j.  ^o? 

'  to  run  into  fuch  Difordcrs,  that  will  make  Religion  to  brcTefpis'd  '. 
As  \i  the  Curbing  of  their  infolent  and  rebellious  Behaviour  W(erc  '^f^ 
the  Undoing  of  the  Church  and  Religion.  But  this  is  one  Ar-  w^/*v 
gument,  amongft  many  others,  which  I  fhall  bring  in  that  Prelate's 
Life,  that  ins  Hiftory  has  been  interpolate.  And  it  had  been  good 
for  the  King  that  he  had  followed  our  Author's  Advice }  for  his 
Lenity  towards  them  turn'd  themfo  infolent  and  impious,  that  when 
His  Majefty  defired  them  to  pray  for  his  Mother,  when  her  Death 
was  decermined  by  the  Queen  o/  England^  altho'  they  were  only  de- 
fired to  pray  to  God,  That  it  might  pleafe  him  to  illuminate  her  with 
the  Light  of  his  Truth,  and  Jave  her  from  the  apparent  Danger 
wherem  Jhe  was  ca(l ;  they  relufed  to  dio  it :  A  Petition,  which  no 
Sedt  of  Chriftians  in  the  World  but  themfelvcs  would  have  refufed 
to  comply  with.  But  our  Author's  Behaviour  in  this  Cafe  was  much 
more  Ch'nftian  and  dutiful. 

Fot  he  made  ufe  ot  all  the  Rhctotic  ind  Reafon  he  was  Mafter    „^^  ^^ 
of,  to  perfwade  Secretary  Walfmgham  of  the  Iniquity  and  bad  Con-  J.^f'^'""';/ 
icquenccs  that  would  follow  upon  the  Murdering  of  the  Qufeen ;  br  >>.'•  iii'J- 
and'Avhen  he  had  duns  him  from  all  the;  Arguments  he  could  rhake  'n*t^tm, 
ufc  of,  he  was  at  length  obliged  to  fend  him  a  Letter,  wherein  he 
aiTerted,    ''That  it  was  Matter  of  Wonder  to  all  wife  and  religious 

*  Men  in  England,  that  the  King  fhould  be  fo  earned  in  the  Caufc 

*  of  his  Motlier ;  feeing  all  the  Tapijls  in  Europe,  that  aflfedted  the 

*  Change  of  Religion  in  both  the  Realms,  did  build  their  Hopes  al- 
'  together  upon  her,  and  that  fhe  had  fhcwed  herfelf  fo  pamohate 
'  in  point  of  Religion,  as  the  had  transferred  her  pretended  Right 
'  to  both  the  Crowns,  unto  the  King  of  Spain,  incale  the  King  her 

*  Son  Ihould  perfift  in  his  Proteflion ;  as  he  would  fee  by  the  inclo- 

*  fed  Letter. 

*  Spotifzvood,  fpeaJcing  of  this  Letter,  fays,  *  That  it  was  true,  thbt 

*  fiich  Informations  were  given  out  amongft  the  Papijis,  to  divert 

*  the  King  from  Conftancy  in  his  Profeffion^,  but  tliat  any  fuch  "tran- 

*  flation  iSiould  "be  nude  by  her,  it  is  not  probable,    and  a  Thing 

*  not  to  be  believed  j  her  Declaration  at  the  Time  of  heir  Death  be* 

*  ing  far  other,  as  we  (hall  hear  4  Albeit  a  Popilh  Abbot,  defcribing 
'  tl^e  Life  of  Laurinci  the  CarMnaly  who  was  at  that  Time  Protedlot 

*  of  the  Scot's  Nation*  affirmcth  the  aforefaid  Tranflation  to,  have 

*  been  in  his  Hands,  and  to  have  been  delivered  to  him  by  GoUrtt 

*  OU^varex^  the  j'paw/yj  Ambaflador  at  Rome. 

Now,  iliaye  fcen  u^i&vcry  Lfett^t  in  i\\^Cottm  Library ^liiLon- 
iotfi  and  h^ve  now  by  me  tlwi  Cidpy  of  k, :  fubfcribed  by  Three  of 
tli^  CounfelloK  of  England  r  Z  found  it  amongft  the  Right  HonoiN 
mble  die  Eafl  of  'Bakarrais  ^iifaisy  and  by  his  Lordlhip's  Order 
havp^  witli  feveral  o^hct Papers \»f  that  Niirur^, ,' delivered  kinccf 
tJ)e  Law/cts  Library  dc  Bdinlntrgh  yAtid  4<*^hc  Reader's  Sfttisfaldiiprt 
ikaU  h«i;ti  ccabfcctbe  iu 


404     '  Tlje  Life  of  JOHN   MAITLAND,  Vol.  in. 


fib    MAC. 


J£  w^  /roM'V^  /orf  f«  peincr   Cjuel/e  cotirfe  reprertdront  Id  affaires 
de  dec  a:    Charles  Pa£et  a  charge  de  wo^,  de  'UoUs  commimtquer 
quelc^ues  oHvertures  de  tna  pa^t ;  Jur  lejqueUes,  jt  tjous  prte  hi 
impart ir  lilrement  ce  que  'vohs  penfeZj  cmil  pourra  ohtenir'  du  Jioy  vo- 
fire  Maijlre.     II  y  a  une  aultre  point  dependant  de  cela,  qUe  fdy  re- 
jer-ve  d'  efcrire  a  njous  Jetily    pour  le  mander  de  ma  pa^t  aii  dtt  Sieur 
•Roy,  fans  qu  aultre  que  lui  jeul,  ft  it  eft  pofsible,  en  ait  cognotfjance : 
Ceft  que,  confiderant  C ohftination  ft  grande  demon  Filz,  en  t  Herefe, 
tS  prevoyant  fur  ce  le  Damage  eminent  qui  eft  pour  reujstr  a  [  E^li'e 
Catholique,  lui  -venant  a  la  Succefsion  de  ce  Royaulme ;  j'  ay  pri)  Je- 
tliner at  ion,    en  cas  mon  dtt  filzj  ne  fe  reduife  avant  ma  mort  a  la  Re- 
ligion Catholique,  (comme,  tl  fault  que  je  'vous  die,    que  j'  ien  ay  pen 
d  efperance  tant  qu  il  reftera  en  Efcoje)  de  ceder  ^  donner  mon  droit 
par  Teftaynent  en  la  dite  Succefsion  de  cefte  Couronne,  au  dit  Sieur  Roy 
'uoftre  Maiftre,  le  priant  maintenant  me  prendre  en  ja  protection :  Pa- 
reillement,  t  eft  at  &"  affaires  de  t  E^life,  lefquelles,  pour  la  def charge 
de  ma  Conjctence,-  je  ne  penfe  powvoir  mettre  es  mains  de  Trince  plus 
Si,el€ux  de  noftre  Religion,    f^  capable,  en  tous  rejpedts,  de  la  reftablir 
far  deca,  (3  comme  il  importe  a  toute  la  re  lie  de  la  Chreftiente ,  mt 
(tntant  plus  oblige  de  reJpeCfer  en  cela  le  lien  univerfel  de  f  E^ltfe. 
Que  ce  que  Joit  tenu  fecret,  d' aultant  que  /  //  venoit  a  eftre  rcvele,  cc 
leroit  en  Ranee  la  perte  demon  Douaire,  (^  en  Ejco%  enti  ere  rupture 
aifcc  mon  Ftlz>,  (^  en  ce  pais,  ma  totale  ruine  ^  deftru^ion. 
Which  in  Engli/h  runs  thus : 

A  Copy  of  a  Letter,  faid  to  be  writ  by  Queen  Mary,  May  la 
1 586.  to  the  Spanift)  Ambalfador  Don  'Bernardino  de  Mendoxjt. 

I  Am  njery  much  perplex  d  to  know  what  Courfe  the  Affairs  will  take 
on  this  Side :  Charles  Paget  is  commifsioned  by  me,  to  makejomt 
Overtures  to  yon  on  my  Behalf,    upon  which,  I  intreat  you  to  im- 
part to  him  freely  what  you  think  he  may  obtain  from  the  King  your 
Mafter.    There  s  another  Point  depending  upon  them,  which  J  have  re- 
served to  be  writ  only  to  you,  and  to  be  communicated  by  you,  fromme^ 
to  the  King  your  Mafter,  without  the  Knowledge  of  any  other  Perfon^ 
if  it  be  pofsible ;    which  is,  That  confdering  the  Obftinacy  of  rny  Son 
in  tierejy ;  and  forejeeing,  upon  this,  the  great  Lojs  that  will  enfue  up- 
on his  Succefsion  to  the  Kingdom,  if  he  Jhould  not  be  reconciled  to  tht 
Catholick  Church ;    J  am  refolved^  that  in  cafe  that  my  Son  does  not, 
before  my  Death,  be  brought  in  to  the  Catholik  Religion,  (of  which,  J 
muft  teUyou,  I  have  little  Hopes  as  long  as  he  remains  in  Scotland)  to 
leave,  ana  give  by  my  Teftament,  my  Right  of  Succefsion  to  that  Crowrtf 
to  the  King  your  Mafter ;  jor  the  future  putting  my  f elf  and  the  f aid 
Kingdom  under  his  jole  Protection.     And  this  I  do  for  the  Dif charge 
of  my  Conscience ;   being  firmly  perj waded,   that  I  could  not  put  it  tn 
the  Hand  of  any  Prince  more  zjatuos  for  our  Religion,  and  more  ca- 
fabUi  in  all  Refpcdsy  of  Re-eftablijhing  if  on  this  Side,   and  J  think 

my 


Vol.  111.  Lord  Thirl ftanc  and  Chanceliottr  of  Scotland.  ^05 

my  (elf  obliged  tOy  being  of  greatcft  Import  to  Chnjltanity,  and  the 
untverfal  Good  of  the  Church.  Let  thii  be  kept  fecret;  for  it  Jhoald 
be  knozvn,  it  zcoald  be  the  Lofs  of  my  Domrie  in  France,  make  an  en- 


tire  Rupture  in  Scotland  betzvixt  me  and  my  Son,  and  my  utter  Ku 
in  and  Defirutlion  in  this  Country. 

This  Letter  is  atttfted  hy  Bur  ley,  Hatton  and  Walfmgham:  But  a^ 
ny  impartial  Reader  will  plainly  diCcern  in  it  all  the  Marks  of  For- 
gery ;  for,  not  to  infift  upon  the  Diflference  betwixt  the  Stile  of  this 
and  her  other  genuine  Letters,    and  her  dying  Words  to  the  Con- 
trary:   is  it  to  be  thought,  that  a  Princefs  of  fuch  known  Endow- 
ments of  Mind  as  fhe  was  blcfs'd  with,  would  reafon  fo  weakly  and 
foolifhly,  that  fhe  fhould  fuppofe  that  her  Kingdom  could  be  tranf^ 
ferred  by  her  to  anothef  ?     Did  (he  not  know',   thit  her  Kino;dom 
was  hereditary,  and  that  lier  Son  could  not  come  at  the  Pofifeffion 
of  it  but  after  her  Death  .'  when  fhe  hcrfelf  and  all  the  World  knew, 
that  he  was  then  in  the  full  and  entire  PoffefTion  of  it.    And  fuppo-' 
fing  that  fhe  had  been  fuch  a  Fool,    and  fo  unnatural  as  to  nave 
thought  that  fhe  could  have  transferred  her  Kingdom  from  her  own 
Son  to  another ;    were  not  her  Uncles  the  Guijes  ( her  conflanc 
Friends  and  Supporters j  nearer  to  her  than  the  King  of  Spain,  and  as 
zealous  Papijls  as   he  was  ?     Many  other  Arguments    could  be 
brought ;  but  thefe  are  fufficient  to  (how,  that  this  Letter  was  forged 
out  of  the  black  and  hellifh  Mint  of  their  Contrivances  againfl  that 
unfortunate  Princefs:    Whom  they  had  no  fooner  murdered,  hue 
Walfingham  wrote  the  following  Letter  to  our  /loble  Author. 

MT  LORTf, 

BEing  abfent  from  Court  when  the  late  Execution  of  the  Queen 
your' Sovereign's  Mother  happened,  Idid  furthwith,  upon  my 
Return,   impart  to  Mr.  Douglajs  fome  Things  concerning  the 
Courfe  which  was  conceived  here,    by  your  faid  Sovereign's  befl 
Friends,  fit  to  be  holden  in  this  rcmedilefs  Accident,  for  Continu- 
ance of  Peace  and  Amity  between  the  two  Crowns,  as  a  Thing  foif 
the  Well  of  both  Nations  to  be  defiredj  but  finding  him  unwilling 
to  meddle  tlierewith,    I  have  thought  good  to  write,  to  the  fame 
cffedf,  unto  yourfelf,  the  rather,  for  that  I  prefcntly  underftand  by 
fome  Advertifements  out  of  that  Country,    that  the  Death  of  the 
Queen  is  like  to  breed  fo  ftrange  an  Alienation  of  Fiis  Majefly's 
Mind  towards  this  Realm,  tending,  as  it  is  reported,  wholly  to  Vi- 
olence, and  to  Revenge  oTthat  which  hath  been  fo  neceffarly  done 
by  the  whole  Body  of  the  fame ;  whereof,  as  for  mine  own  Part,  I 
fhould  be  rieiit  forry :  So  'tis  generally  hoped  that  His  Majefly,  be- 
ing of  that  lingular  Judgment  himfelf,  by  the  good  Help  ana  Ad- 
vice of  fuch  as  you  are  in  Credit  and  Authority  about  him^  Men 
of  Wifdom  and  Experience  whom  he  will  hear,  this  Mifchief  tvill 
noiwithftanding  be  carefully  and  prudently  prevented;  confiderino 
how  every  Way,  all  Things  being  riehtly  weighed,  this  Courfe  will 

K  k  kk k  ^ 


Ao.  I59f. 


40d  TheUfcof  JOHN  MAITLAND, Vol.  Flf. 

I        -• — ■'^ ■ — __————— — 

be  found  prejudicial,    as  well  to  your  faid  Sovereign's  Lftate,  as  to 

/>>v«*^    his  Reputation,  if  he  refolvc  to  perfifl  therein. 

J^vv;  por  rirft,  The  Enterprize  will  be  undoubtedly  condemned  in  the 
Sight  of  all  fuch  as  fhall  not  be  tranfported  with  fomc  particular 
Palfion,  for  that  they  fhall  fee,  that  he  takes  Arms  for  Revenge  of 
an  A(5lion,  bcfides  the  NecefTity  wherein  it  is  grounded,  full  of  fo 
honourable  and  juft  Proceedings,  as,  howfoever  the  EfFc(fb  thereof 
was  contrary  to  their  Liking,  the  Manner  thereof,  by  the  Qiicen's 
great  Favours,  could  not  but  be  approved  of  and  allowed.  And 
as  on  the  one  Side,  the  King  your  Sovereign  oppugning  the  Courle 
of  Juflice,of  fb  unlawful,  unjufl  and  dcfperate  a  Quarrel,  cannot  be 
expeded  any  other  thing  than  amoft  unhappy  and  miferablelfTue: 
So  we  being  allured  that,  in  Defence  of  Juf\ice,  the  AfTiftance  of 
His  Mighty  yirm  will  not  fail  us,  whofe  Judgment  this  was,  need 
not  to  tear  whatfoever  Man  fliall  attempt  to  the  Contrary  againfl 

this  Realm. 

But,  not  to  ftand  (ipon  the  Juftnefs  of  the  Quarrel,  which  every 
Man  will  not  perhaps  fo  much  regard,  'twould  be  confidercd,  what 
Means  your  Sovereign  fhall  have  to  go  thorow  with  fuch  an  Enter- 
prize, if  he  take  it  in  hand;  for  the  Forces  of  his  own  Realm  being 
lb  far  inferior  to  thofc  of  England,  no  Man  is  fo  fimple  but  fecth, 
it  were  no  ways  fafe  for  His  Majefly,  trufling  only  thereto,  to  make 
head  againfl  the  Power  of  this  Land ;  neither  is  k  thouglit,  that 
any  Man  will  be  found  fo  unadvifed  as  to  wifh  him  fo  to  do. 

But,  as  it  may  be  that  a  great  many,  for  lack  of  Underflanding, 
are  carried  away  with  fuch  vain  Difcourfes,  as  fome,  without  Tolid 
Ground,  imagine  of  that  might  be  done  in  this  Cafe  by  a  King  of 
Scotland^  back'd  and  afhfled  (as  they  conceive  in  the  Air)  with  the 
French  and  Spanijh  Aid :  So  it  is  likely  enough,  there  fhall  not  want 
thofe,  that  either  Satisfa(51:ion  of  their  private  PafTlons,  or  Supply  of 
their  Neceffities,  or  better  afFedtionating  fome  other  private  Defigns; 
would  be  content  to  ferve  themfelves  of  this  prefent  publick  Occa- 
fion  and  Opportunity,  who  will  propound  and  promife  alfo  more 
to  His  Majefly  of  fuch  foreign  AfUflance,  than  they  know  in  their 
Confcienccs  can  be  performed,  if  he  would  declare  himfelf  Enemy 
to  this  Realm  ;  which  that  he  Ihould  (tho'  to  his  own  Ruin)  the 
Enemies  of  both  Realms  will  do  what  they  can  to  promote. 

But  Men  of  Wifdom  and  Underflanding,  layirig  before  their 
Eyes,  as  well  as  the  accuflomed  Delaies,  and  after  long  Solicitation 
and  Purfuit  the  fimple  Supplies,  and  Support,  commonly  found  at 
thefe  foreign  Potentates  Hands  j  as  alfo  now  doubtful  and  uncer- 
tain the  Succefs  of  War  may  prove ;  England  (God  be  thanked)  be- 
ing fo  prepared,  and  in  cafe  to  defend  it  felf  both  otherwife,  and 
by  the  Conjun(5lion  of  Holland^  and  Zeland's  Forces  by  Sea,  in 
Refpedl,  this  Realm  need  not  fear  what  all  the  Potentates  of  Europe 
being  bended  againfl  us,  can  do  for  to  annoy  the  fame ;  due  Conficic- 
lation,  I  fay,  being  taken  hereof,  you  will  eafily  judge,  and  find 
how  vain  it  were  tor  your  Sovereign,  upon  fo  uncertain  Hopes  to 

embark 


- — ^^— ^ 

Vol.111.  Lord  Thitldsine  and  Chancel/our  of  Scothnd.  aqj 

embark  himfclf  and  Eftate  in  an  unnecefTary  Warj  but  much  X);^,] 
more  it  you  fliall  confider,  what  a  Sequel  and  Train  of  Dangers  and  i>^\^ 
Hazards  this  War  drawcth  therewith,  the  Confequences  whereof 
reachetli  to  whatfoever  your  Sovereign  pofTefTeth,  or  hopeth  for  in 
this  Life.  For  Efcaping  to  be  flain  in  Field,  if  he  Ihould  hap- 
pen to  be  taken  Prifoner,  or  be  conftrained  to  retire  himfelf  out 
of  the  Realm  (Things  that  have  fallen  out  often  in  Experience ) 
and  then  having  incenfed  this  whole  Realm  againft  him,  he  (hould 
be  difabled  from  any  Right  in  the  Succefifion  of  this  Crown  ( as 
Authority  is  given  by  the  fame  Statute,  whereby  they  proceed  againfl 
the  Mother  )  for  Attempting  the  Invafion  of  this  Land,  what  Ex- 
tremity fhould  he  be  reduced  unto. 

And,  truely  it  could  not  otherwile  be;  the  ancient  Enmity  be- 
twixt the  Two  Nations  now  forgotten,  being  by  drawing  Blood  of 
one  another  again,  likely  to  be  in  fuch  Sort  revived,  as  it  would 
be  impoflible  to  make  them  like  of  a  Prince  of  that  Nation^  and 
him  who  had  been  in  fo  unjuft  a  Ground  the  Author  of  that  un- 
fortunate Breach.  Befides,  that  the  greateft  Part  of  the  ancient 
Nobility,  by  whofe Judgement  the  late  Queen  was  condemned,  ind 
the  Reft  of  the  principal  Gentlemen  of  the  Realm,  who  Confirm- 
ed the  fame  in  Parliament,  fhould  have  juft  Caufe  to  adventure 
any  Thin&  even  to  their  marching  over  their  Bellies,  rather  than 
yeild  to  nis  Government,  who  carrying  fuch  a  vindicfbivc  Mind, 
they  might  doubt  would  one  Day  call  their  Lives  and  Honours 
in  Qucftion. 

And  as  for  the  Remedy  which  he  might  attend  ({landing  In  thefe 
Terms Jl  of  foreign  Princes;  there  are  many  Examples  of  the  for- 
mer Ages,  and  within  frefh  Memory.  As  the  King  of  I^avarrs 
Grand-Father,  by  tiie  Mother  Side,  and  Chrijliern  King  of  Ven^ 
mark,  both  were  allied  to  Francis  the  I.  and  Charles  the  V.  Two 
of  the  mightieft  Potenates  that  rcign'd  in  long  Time,  and  that  this 
prefcnt  Don  jintonio  may  fuffice  for  Examples  to  teach  all  Prin- 
ces if  they  can  avoid  it,  to  beware  how  they  fall  into  that  State, 
whereby  they  (hall  be  enforced  to  feek  their  own  by  other  Poten- 
tates Means,  Prince^  arc  not  fo  ready  in  thofe  Days,  to  embrace 
Mens  Quarrels,  but  where  they  are  cxtfaordinarly  intercffcd  in  their 
own  Fortunes. 

Wherefore  I  doubt  not,  but  it  will  be  feen  by  Men  of  Judge* 
ment,  not  tranfported  with  PafTion,  or  led  away  with  private  Re- 
fpeds,  that  it  fhould  be  every  Way  the  befl  Courre  for  yoar  So- 
vereign, by  a  good  and  kind  Ufage  of  her  Majefly,  and  by  fhevr- 
ing  tnat  princely  Moderation,  as  well  in  this  grievous  Accidcric  of 
his  Mother's  Death,  as  his  whole  Proceeding  againft  this  Realm 
(which  the  Excellency  of  his  HighneCs  Education,  f^cttieth  to  pro* 
niife)  to  feck  ro  win  the  hearty  good  Wills  of  this  Realm,  as  the 
chief  and  principal  Affurance  he  can  in  any  fort  obtain^ 

For  to  truft^  or  depend,   eitlier  upon  the  Frinch  King,-   or  the 

Kinz  o( Spain ,  a*  if  by  their  Afliftance  h6  miglu:  attain  to  the  pic- 

^       ^  K  Ic  fc  k  k  »  Fenc 


40«  The  Ltfe  of  ]OHN    MA ITLAND.  Vol.  III. 

lent  PoflclTion  ot  this  Crown,  which  be  indeed  the  only  Two  Po- 
roN^\  tentateswhom  he  muft  hare  Rccourfc  unto ;  if  he  rejedt  the  Ami- 
^Ai^  ty  of  £ngUnd^  whofocvcr  fhall  fo  counfel  your  Sovereign,  as 
Things  prefently  ftand,  fliall,  in  the  Judgement  of  Men  of  bed 
Underftanding,  oewray  great  Want  either  of  Fidelity  or  Judgement, 
drawing  his  Majefty  unto  fo  untoward  and  defperate  a  Courfc, 

For,  'tis  no  way  (afe  for  any  Prince  torepofe  hisTrufl  and  Strength 
upon  their  Favour  and  AiMance,  to  whole  Defirts  and  Dcfigns  his 
Greatnefs  may  yield  any  Impeachment  or  Hindrance  j  fo  were  it 
clearly  againft  common  Rea(on,  to  expe(5l  any  other  Support  or  Af^ 
fiftance  from  them,  than  might  ftand  with  their  own  Commodity  and 
Pretenfions ;  In  refpedl  whereof,  neither  of  the  two  forefaid  Kings 
can  fimply  and  roundly  join  with  your  King  for  his  Good. 

Firft,  His  Religion  being  odious  to  them  both,  '  and  likely  to 
prove  moft  Prcjudical  to  the  Catholick  Caufe,  he  growing  fo 
great  as  he  fliould  be  made  by  the  Union  of  the  Two  Crowns  i 
the  Confideration  whereof,  caus'd  his  Mother's  Affairs  to  ftick  a 
long  Time,  and  made  now,  in  end,  leavchim  q^uite  out  of  Recko- 
ning, ordaining  the  King  of  Sfain  her  Heir,  if  her  Son  became 
not  Catholick, 

Next,  it  is  meerly  Repugnant  to  the  Policic  of  France^  were  it 
but  in  refpc<5l  of  the  ancient  Claim  England  maketh  to  that 
Crown,  to  fuffer  the  Uniting  of  this  Ifland    under  one  Prince. 

They  have  been  content  in  former  Times,  when  England  had 
a  Footing  in  France,  to  ferve  themfelves  of  your  Nation  therewith 
to  annoy  this  Realm,  by  the  Means  of  diverting  or  dividing  the 
Forces  thereof  i  and  fo  perhaps  the  Politicks  of  France^  can  be 
content  to  wifh  at  this  Day,  by  your  Sovereign's  Quarrel,  or  any 
other  fuch  like,  to  be  eafed  of  the  Burden,  and  the  Mifcries  of 
the  prefent  War,  wherewith  they  are  plagued  by  Tranfporting  the 
fame  into  this  Ifland ;  but  as  this  Realm  hath  good  Means  to  pre- 
vent that  Mifchief,  if  it  were  intended,  fo  were  your  Sovereign  to 
look,  when  all  were  done,  but  to  be  made  an  Inftrument,  as  his 
Predeceftbrs  have  been,  of  the  Effufion  of  much  Scottijh  Blood  for 
French  Quarrels,  and  the  Defolation  of  that  Realm. 

And  as  Things  ftand  prefently  in  France^  it  is  not  thought,  that 
you  fhould  find  the  King  ready  to  hearken  to  any  Enterprize  a- 
gainft  this  Land.  The  laid  King,  being  moft  defirous  to  live  in 
Peace,  both  with  his  Neighbours  abroad,  and  his  Subjeds  at  home; 
but,  that  he  hath  been  forced,  fijll  fore  againft  his  Will,  by  the 
Pradticc  of  them  of  the  Houfe  of  Guife^  to  countenance  with  his 
Authority,  the  Civil  War  raifcd  in  that  Realm,  which  maketh  him, 
whatfoever  Shew  he  maketh  to  the  Contrary,  to  hate  them  in  his 
Heart. 

Neither  would  it  be  found  Counfel  to  be  given  him,  by  any  that 
depends  upon  his  Fortune,  to  further  the  Advancement  of  a  King 
of  ScotSy  fo  nearly  allied  to  that  Family,  wiiich  he  hath  difcovered 
and  greatly  feareth  to  level  at  his  own  Crown,  with  any  Intention 

to 


Vol.  III.  Lord  Thirlftane  and  Chnneeliour  of  Scotland.  .q^ 

to  depofe  him,  which  by  the  Greatncfs  ot  a  King  of  Scots,  they  /hould 
be  fo  much  the  fooner  and  abler  to  eflfedt.  rN^>*<^ 

The  King  of  Spain's  Afllftance,  being  how  in  War  with  this  Re-  v^v^ 
aim,  were  more  likely  to  be  obtained,  but  far  more  dangerous 
to  be  us'd,  in  refpeifl  of  his  infatiable  Ambition,  deep  Pradliccs  and 
Power,  accompanied  in  this  Cafe  with  a  Colour  of- Right;  wherein 
how  far  he  would  feelc  to  prevail,  any  Opportunity  or  Advantage 
being  offered,  it  may  juftly  be  doubred,  by  the  Experience  that  fun- 
dry  States  have  had,  which,  upon  flender  Grounds  of  Title,  have 
been  Wrung  from  the  true  Inheritors,  and  annexed  to  his  own  King- 
dom ;  as  Nd'varre^  Portugal,  and  all  that  he  polTefleth  in  Itak 
has  been. 

'Tis  believed  that  the  King  of  Spain,  confidering  his  Years  and 
unfettled  Eikte  every  way,  would  willingly  incline  to  Peace,  if  ic 
were  ofFefed  with  reafonable  Conditions;  and  not  over  readily,  at 
prefent,  einbarlc  himfeU  in  any  new  Enterprize. 

But  otherwife,  'tis  well  known,  that  as  he  had  fancied  to  himfelf 
an  Empire  of  all  this  Part  of  Europe,  (6  he  had  an  Eye  to  this  Re- 
alm, ever  fince  he  was  King  in  Right  of  his  Wife  :  The  Conqueft 
was  intended,  under  Colour  of  Religion,'  as  was  difcovered  by  fome 
that  were  of  his  own  Privy  Council  at  that  Time.  His  Prctenfion 
to  be  Heir  of  the  Houfe  of  Lancafler,  and  fince  the  late  Queen's 
Death,  the^Tirft  Catholick  Prince  of  the  Blood  Royal  o(  England^ 
as  alfo,  th6  Donation  of  this  Crown  made  him  by  the  Queen  ot  Scots 
in  her  Lettdcs,  with  a  Promile  to' confirm  it  by  Teftament,  ("Things 
blazed  abrWad  by  the  faid  King's  AmbafTador  at  Paris)  ought  to  breed 
Jealoufy  and' Suspicion  in  your  Sovereign's  Head,  and  give  him  to 
thinl^,:  how*  he  fhould  be  us'd'^t  firch  an  AlTiftant's  Hand.  Auxiliary 
Forces  haVb'eV^er  been  reputed  dangerous,'  if  they,  either  in  Policy 
or  Number,  wer6  fiiperior  to  therti  that  called  thdm  in.  The  A.iU- 
ftancc  tUci^foT  of  Spain  Sixxd  France  being  of  this  Nature;  as  your 
Sovereign/ hath  Need  of  neither,  ib  he  Ihall  do.  well  to  forbear  them 
■both,;  and  fp'fhall  it  be  moft,fqr,nis  £afe. 

it  Imay  bei  jh^t  fome, will  pr^t^pd^  , Thar  ]by  Change. of  his  Relj- 
gioi^;i  your  Sovereign  I  fliallbepq;f,  l^is,Corifjjti9n  in  re^^^rd  of  |:h6^' 
Foreign  PriiK^s ;  besides,  .withui, [tj^is  Rcajmi  ifh^t  thef eby  ipriany  ftall 
boidravfrn  wholly  to  depend  upqn,his  FoJi;tune:  Byt  tnepoor  qiC- 
trclTed  Eftate  ot  T>on  oylntonio,  being  a  Cat|ip)iqk,  Pi^inqe, ,  fpo^fd 
by  a  Catholick,  and  receiving  fo  little  Succour  at  Catholick  Princes 
Hands,  flja,U\^  fufl^cient  Barr  to  all  that  can  be  .alledged  in  that 
Belialf. 

."As.foj:  lh©^GatIlolick  Party  in  England;  in  his  Aiqth^r 5 X.ife  ic 
was  never  (b  united  as  they  drew  all  in  one  Line^^  piuch  lefs  will 
tM)J'bd  br0li^tifi4d^enly'to  rely  upon  him,  if  he  fhould  alter  his 
Religion,  (as  God  defend)  which  would  be  his  utter  Difcredit  and 
Overthrow  botli  with  the  one  and  the  other  Party,  neither  having 
Oaufc  to  repofe  any  Confidence  in  him;  the  Protefiants,  bccaufe  he 
had  renounced  the  Religion  wherein  he  was  with  great  Care  brought 

LUli  up; 


An.  I59J. 


^jTS  '        TheLifeof  }0^^  MAITLAND.  Vol  lit 

up;  the  Paptfii^  becaufc  thev  could  not  be  afTured  in  fliorr  Space, 
that  he  was  truly  turned  to  their  Faith;  Yea,  all  Men  Jhould  have 
Reafon  to  forfake  him,   who  had  thus  di(rembled  and  forfakcn  his 

GOD. 

And  where  it  was  given  out,  that  divers  do  infinuateto  your  So- 
vereign, That  his  Honour  and  Reputation  is  fo  deeply  intercftcJ 
therein,    as  it  muft  neceflarly  turn  to  his  perpetual  Ignominy  and 
Reproach,  if  he  give  not  fome  notable  Teuimony  to  the  World,  of 
the  Atfeftion  and  dutiful  Love  he  bears  to  his  Mother :  Your  King 
being  of  that  fingular  Judgment  that  he  is  thought  to  have,  cannot 
be  ignorant  how  far  true  Honour  ought  to  pofTels  a  Chriftian  Prince; 
that  IS  not,  whither  Paffion  or  Fury  ufeth  to  carry  Men,  where  Rea- 
fon and  Wifdom  have  laid  the  Bounds,  that  is,  within  theCompafs 
of  Portibility,  Decencv  and  Juftice :  If  the  late  Queen  had  been  in- 
nocent. Revenge  had  been  neceflarly  )uft  and  honourable;  but  be- 
ing culpable,  contrary !  in  all  reafonable  Mens  Judgments,  he  hath 
fufficiently  difcharged  the  Duty  of  a  Son  in  mediatine  for  his  Mo- 
ther fo  long  as  (he  was  alive,    and  fo  far  as  he  was  able  to  prevail : 
They  who  defire  more  at  his  Highnefs's  Hands,  may  be  prefumed 
not  to  regard  what  bcfeemcth  his  Place  and  Dignity,    but  to  feelc 
the  Satistadion  of  their  own  particular  Paffions  and  Defires. 

And  whofoever  perfwadeth  his  Highnefs,  That  the  Mediation  us'd 
by  him  for  his  Mother,  contrary  to  the  humble  Pursuit  of  the  whole 
Parliament,  hath  already  given  that  Offence  to  the  Nobility  and 
People  of  this  Land,  as  it  behoveth  him  of  force  to  have  Recourfe 
to  foreign  Supports,  doth  greatly  abufe  both  his  Highnefs  and  this 
Realm  j  for,  as  they  were  not  ignorant,  what  Nature  might  and 
ought  to  move  his  Highnefs  unto,  fo  long  as  there  was  any  Hope 
of  her  Lite ;  fo  they  doubt  not  but  that  Reafon  will  induce  him  to 
leave  Sorrowing,  and  Thinking  of  her  in  due  Time. 

Thus  I  have  troubled  you  with  a  long  Difcourfe,  whercunto  the 
Defire  I  have  of  the  Continuance  of  Amity  betwixt  the  two  Crowns, 
hath  carried  me  unawares,  further  than  I  propofed :  All  which  I  re- 
fer to  your  good  Confideration,  not  doubting  but  you'll  afford  mofl 
readily  and  willingly  all  good  Offices  that  fhall  lie  in  your  Power, 
to  the  End,  that  a  happy  Conclufion  may  enfue  hereof,  which 
(hall  tend  to  the  common  Good  of  the  wnolc  Ifland.  And  fo  I 
commit  you  to  GOD. 

from  the  Court  Tohr  LorJJhip'f 

of  Greenwich, 
the  ^th  of  March,  apred  Friendt 

FRA.  WALSINGHAM 


Otn 


f 


Vol.  III.  Lord  Tliirlftane  and  ChanccUour  of  Scotland.  2.1 1 

OU  R  Author  having  fhewn  this  Letttr  to  the  King,  it  had  fuch 
Influence  over  his  timorous  Temper,  that  it  put  a  Stop  to  his    2^^ 
Delign  of  Revenging  his  Mother's  Death:  r>y\j^ 

Yet  this  Letter  being  writ  with  fuch  a  Warmneifs  jn  Defence  of 
that  Murder,    the  Chancellour's  Enemies  took.occafion  from  it  tO    h.„.,«. 
accuCe  him  of  being  acceObry  to  it :    And  Sir  W^Ui am  Stuart  (Bro-  ^hatnJl^ 
thcr  to  the  late  ChanccUour^  cntred  into  a  Confpiracy  with  the  i!'5«';f,'°« 
Lord  Maxwel  and  the  Mafter  of  Gray  againft  him(,    and  the  Ma-  m""^' 
Iter,  to  make  him  the  more  forward,  told  Sir  WtUiant,    That  it  was  ^'^  '''"'*"'' 
Thirljlaney  theJuftice-CIerk,  Blantyre  and  himfelf  that  brought  in  "  '*"'^' 
the  Lords  at  Stirlim^  and  put  his  Brother  from  Court,  which  he  re- 
pented, and  would  help,  fo  far  as  he  could,  to  recall  him.     Our  Au- 
thor being  informed  of  this,  at  the  firft  Meeting  ot  the  Privy  Coun- 
cil he  complained  of  the  Injuftice  that  had  been  done  hirri   and 
dcfired  that  he  might  be  legally  tried.     The  Mafter  of  Gray,  upon 
this,  denied  that  ever  he  had  faid  any  fuch  Thing:   Whereupon  Sit 
William  was  called  before  the  Counalj    and  ftanding  to  what  he 
had  faid,  the  Mafter  of  Gray  and  he  fell  a  contefting,  and  after  fome 
warm  Expreftions  upon  both  Sides,   Sir  William  told  him  roundly, 
That  hi  deferred  no  Credit,  as  having  abujed  his  Ambajjage  to  Eng- 
land, and  treacheroujly  consented  to  the  Murder  oj  the  Kings  Mother. 
This  was  founded  upon  a  Report  of  a  Letter,    written  by  the  Ma- 
fter to  the  Queen  of  England  at  his  Leaving  that  Court ;   wherein 
he  advifed  her  to  put  (Jueen  Mary  to  death,  making  ufe  of  thefe 
Words,  cMortui  non  mordent,  Dead  People  bite  not.     Upon  this  the 
Council  defired  the  King  to  put  the  Mafter  of  Gray  to  a  Trial,  and 
to  commit  both  him  and  Sir  William  to  Prifon,    in  order  to  their 
Trial ;  which  was  accordingly  done,  and  both  of  them  were  fent  to 
the  Caftlcof  JEdinburgh.    In  the  mean  time  our  Author  urged,  that 
he  might  be  cleared  as  to  what  was  laid  to  his  Charge :    And  the 
Lord  Hamilton,  the  Earls  of  Mar  and  Bothwel  upon  Oath  declared, 
That  they  had  no  j4(^urance  from  any  about  the  King,  at  the  Time  of 
their  Coming,  till  they  were  receiiJed  by  His  Majefiy  in  Favour,  And 
there  was  no  more  of  that  Matter. 

But  this  did  not  put  a  Stop  to  the  Malice  of  the  Chancellour's 
Enemies ;  for  the  late  Chancellour,  who  had  been  ever  fince  the 
Enterprize  at  Stirling  lurking  ationgft  his  Friends,  wrote  a  Letter 
to  the  King  J  wherein,  amongft  other  Things,  }ie  accufed  our  Au- 
thor of  (being  acceftory  to  his  Mother's  Death,  and  of  having  a  De- 
sign of  delivering  the  King  himfelf  to  the  Queen  of  England.  This 
Letter  was  delivered  to  the  King  by  Henry  Stuart  of  Craighall,  and 
immediately  communicated  to  tlic  Council;  who  charged  him  to 
enter  his  Pcrfbn  within  the  F'alacc  of  Linlithgow,  and  to  remain 
there  till  the  Truth  of  what  he  wrote  was  examined ;  with  Certifi- 
cation^  that  if  he  did  not  obey,  diat  he  ftiould  be  forfeited,  ^d  held 
and  eftecm'd  a$  a  Sower  of  ocdition  betwixt  the  King  and  hi*  Nq- 
bility )  Aod>  upon  bis  not  Delivering  himfelf  up  at  tae  TimeprcH- 

I  U 1  fi  xed, 


411  rije  Ltfc  of  ]OnN   MAITLAND, Vol.  III. 

xed,  the  Oft'ce  ot  Clianccllary,  which  was  as  yet  void,  wai  bcftow^ 
jy?*^     ed,   as  wc  have  faid,  upon  our  Author. 

wiK/^        Xhc  King  having  fatisfied  the  Murmurings  of  the  General  AfTem- 
blv  aeainft  the  Papifts,  1587.    the  Chancellour  was  fcnt  by   the 
ding,  wiih    r,np  to  acquaint  them,   That  he  expected  they  would  cive  Him 
fomc  Satistadtion  for  the  undutitul  hxprellions  or  fomeof  their  Bre- 
thren, and  particularly  of  Mr.  y^wf  J  C;^/(7«,  who  had  obtained  his 
Liberty,    upon  Proniiie  that  he  ftiould  give  Satisfaction  at  the  Af- 
fembly's  Delne.     Upon  this  he  was  called  before  the  Aflcmbly,  and 
acknowledging  his  Offence,  he  was  enjoined  by  them,  the  next  Ser- 
mon-dav  to  pVeach  and  make  a  publick  Acknowledgment  of  the  Of- 
fence he  had  given  :    This  he  promifcd  to  do,    but  when  he  came 
to  the  Place,  lie  made  no  Mention  of  itj  and  being  challenged  for 
not  doing  what  he  had  promifed,    he  anfwered,   0«f  of  Infirmity 
and  Weaknejs  he  had  confe\]ed  a  Fault,    albeit  his  Confcience  did  tell 
him  he  had  not  fpoken  any  Thing  that  might  give  jufi  Offence.     Upon 
this  the  Chancellor  required  the  Judgment  of  the  Aifembly,  Whe- 
ther or  no  they  thouglit  it  an  Offence  to  call  the  King  a  Perfecuter 
of  the  Church,  and  to  affirm  in  Pulpit,  That  he  fhould  be  the  lafl  of 
that  Race  ?    For  fome  Time  they  declined  to  give  an  Anf\Ver,    by 
ftiifting  the  Qiieflion;  but  the  Chancellour  having  prefs'd  diem  to 
^ive  a  diredt  Anfwer  to  it,  it  was  put  to  the  Vote,  and  by  a  Majo- 
rity 'twas  found,   That  the  Speeches  were  flanderous  and  oflFe'nfive, 
and  therefor,  that  he  ought  to  be  cenfured ;  but  it  being  about  iz, 
of  the  Clock  when  the  Vote  paffed;  the  Determining  the  Cenfurc 
that  ought  to  be  inflicfted  upon  him,  was  deferred  to  the  Afternoori, 
and  lie  was  warned  to  attend  at  fucb  an  Hour :  ■  The  Hour  being 
come,    and  he  not  appearing,   there  arofe  greater  Heats  am'onglt 
thfem  than  before ;  fome  alledging,  that  Citation  mufl  be  us'd  before 
a  Gdnfure  be  inflidfed  ;  others  excus'd  his  Abfenee;becaufe  he  had  jufl 
Reafon  to  be  fear'd,  being  purfued  by  fo  great  a  Manas  the  tliancel- 
lour  was.     To  this  the  Chancellour  replied,  That  there  was  no  Fear 
of  an)  indirect  or  violent  Courfe  to  be  taken;  the  King,  who  by  his  own 
Authority  might  have  funifijed  him,   havings  for  the  Regard  he  car- 
ried to  the  Church,  chocs  d  to  complain  to  the  j4j]embly,  and  remit  the 
Offender  to  be  cenfured  by  themjelves :    ^nd  as  for  that  of  the  Cita- 
tion,   the  Warning  given  in  the  Face  of  the  ylffembly  was  ftifficient ; 
and  that,  by  his  not  appearing,   he  had  added  Contumacy  to  his  Of- 
fence.    Thefe  Anfwers  of  the  Chancellour's  being  fuftaincd  as  fuffi- 
cienr,  'twas  put  to  the  Vote,  What  his  Cenfure  fhould  be ;  and  by 
che  Majority,   he  was  ordained  to  be  fufpended  from  the  Miniflry 
during  rlie  Pleafure  of  the  Affembly. 

But  this  did  not  put  an  End  to  the  Matter ;  for,  at  an  AfTembljr 
which  wa*called  the  next  Year,  in  the  Month  of  Augtiff^  i'588,^  he 
compeared  before  them,  and  declared,  That  the  Reafon  why  he  with- 
drew in  the  former  Ajembly,  was  not  any  Contempt  or  Stftbbornnefs  on 
his  Part,  but  the  Care  he  had  of  the  Church's  Peace;  the  Affairs 
whereof,  as  he  was  informed-^  had  ken  cafl  off,  if  he  had  compeared 

and 


Vol.111.  Lord  Timld-Mie  and  Chcwceiiour  of  bcoiUnd.  ^li 

and  not  been  punijhed.  Upon  this  Declaration,  wicliout  once  ac- 
quainting the  King,  he  was  purged  of  Contumacy  ;  and  thereby,  JJ^"^ 
a  Way  made  for  his  being  reponcd.:  Which  Co  incenfed  the  King  ^^V*i 
againft  him,  that  He  refolved  to  take  another  Method  with  him; 
which  Mr.  Gtl>fon  being  informed  of,  fled  into  England,  where  he 
was  entertainccl  by  the  fadlious  Brethren,  who  were  labourinf^  at  that 
Time  to  bring  in  the  holy  Difcipline  (as  they  called  it)  into  the 
Church. 

The  News  of  the  Spanifh  uirmado  being  divulged,  and  the  King,     ,  «,b 
being  advertifed  of  their  putting  to  Sea,    called  a  Meeting  of  the  "i"".' '"  •''• 
Eflates  at  Edinburgh,  in  the  Month  of  Augufi  1588  ;    wherein  the  sa^-aV  * 
King  delivered  his  Mind  to  them  concerning  thatProjedl:,  in  a  rriofl '"'^''• 
wife  and  elaborate  Difcourfe,  which  was  feconded  by  the  Chaneel- 
lour;  wlio,  from  his  vail  Reading,  did  illuflrate  what  the  King  had 
faid,  from  various  Hiftories,  fhewing,  Hjat  'twas  no  zuays  expedient 
to  ftde  with  the  Spaniards  in  that  Innjafion,  or  to  \ujfer  them  to  po^efs 
themfehes  of  England  ;  ^et  fince  the  ^jteen  of  England  had  required 
no  Aid  from  the  king,  his  Opinion  was.  That  the  King,  for  the  Se- 
curity of  his  own  Dominions,   Jhddd  caufe  a  general  Mufter  to  he 
made  of  the  ivhole  Realm,    and  Jome  Noblemen  named,    unto  whomy 
upon  Occafion,  theSubje^s  might  re  fort;    and  that  Watches  p^ould  be 
appointed  at  all  the  Sea  ports,    and  "Beacons  Jhould  be  ereffed  in  the 
highefl  Places,  for  ad-vertifing  the  Country  tf  any  Fleet  was  feen  at 
Sea ;  and  that  the  King  and  Council  f^ould  fay  at  Edinburgh,  to  at-, 
tend  the  Succefi  of  Things,  and  dtreti  the  Subjects  accordingly. 

This  Speech  of  our  Chancellour's  was  applauded  by  the  whold 
Parliament  excepting  the  Earl  of  Bothwel,  who  was  prclTing  to  have 
that  Occafion  embrac'd  for  the  Invading  of  England ;  and  was  fb 
forward  in  it,  that  upon  his  own  Expences  he  had  levied  Soldiers 
to  ferve  under  him. 

A  litde  after  the  Convention  of  Eflatcs  dilToIved,  Colonel  Sem- 
pie  arrived  at  Leith,  with  a  Comniiffion  from  the  Prince  of  Parma 
to  Kin^  James -f  but  the  Affair  was  of  fo  trifling  a  Nature,  that  the 
King  fufpeded  he  had  fome  other  Dcfign  in  his  View,  and  therefor 
commanded  Sir  John  Cdrmichael  (taptain  of  the  Guard)  to  have, 
a  particular  Eye  over  him  till  he  returned  from  Falkland-^  and  if  a* 
ny  Letters  came  to  him  from  Abroad,  that  he  fhould  feize  them 
and  deliver  them  to  the  Council,  Sir  John  having  got  notice,  that 
a  Pinnace  was  arrived  in  the  Firth  and  a  Paffenger  landed,  went 
'  ftraight  to  the  Colonel's  Lodging  at  Leith ;  and  finding  him  unfeal- 
ing  the  Letters,  he  told  him  what  the  King  had  commanded  him 
to  do  1  Upon  which  the  Colonel  told  him,  That  he  would  go  a-! 
longft  with  him,  and  deliver  his  Letters  himfelf ;  but  in  their  Way. 
they  were  met  by  the  Earl  of  Huntly,  who  forced  Sir  John  to  quit 
his  Prifoner,  telling  him,  That  he  would  prefcnt  him  to  the  Coun-i 
ciL  Sir  John  having  acquainted  the  Ciiancellour  of  this,  who  waJ 
at  Evening-fervicc  at  St.  Giles  s  Church  at  the  Time,  (for  k  was  at 

M  m  m  tn  m  Day 


414  The  Life  of  }Ol]^   MAITLAND,  Vol.111. 

Day  of  Humiliation^  he  came  to  the  Street,  followed  by  a.  Multi- 
r>y\.^  tuae  of  People  ;  and  he  had  certainly  retaken  the  Colonel  from 
vjiv^  Huntlyt  had  he  not  met  with  the  King,  as  he  was  going  down  the 
Street,  newly  returned  from  Falkland^  who  took  him  alongfl  with 
him  to  his  Lodgings  within  the  City,  where  at  that  Time  and  the 
mod  of  the  Winter  he  kept  his  Refidence. 

The  King  had  no  fooner  come  to  his  Lodgings,  but  he  told  him 
all  that  hacThappened  :  Upon  which  Hmtly  was  call'd,  and  having 
made  a  frivolous  Excufe  for  himfelf,  he  promifed  to  prefent  the 
Colonel  the  next  Morning  j  but  that  very  Night  he  made  his  E- 
fcape :  Which  Co  incenfed  the  King  againft  Httntly,  that  he  di{^ 
charged  him  his  Prcfence,  and  never  would  fee  him,  till  fuch  time 
as  he  got  the  News  of  the  Difappointmcnt  of  the  Spaniards ;  and 
then,  as  in  a  Time  of  publick  Joy,  that  Fault  was  ovcrfeen  and 
pardoned. 

The  Chancellour  daily  gaining  more  and  moreRefpecfl:  from  the 
tii^No'Cliit"/  King,  for  his  wife  and  prudent  Management,  feverals  of  the  Nobi- 
ukt"«y'hi°  lity,  as  'tis  ordinary  in  fuch  Cafes,  envied  his  too  great  Power  with 
difelulhrn  the  King,  and  refolvcd  to  take  the  King  out  of  his  Hands,  at  the 
ptojtft,       Expences  of  his  Life :    And  to  bring  this  about,  'twas  agreed.  That 
they  fhould  meet  all  at  the  Gluarrtl-boles  betwixt  Leith  and  Edin- 
hur^h,  and  go  from  thence  to  Holy-rood-houje,  and  place  themfelves 
about  the  King,    and  im.mediately  to  commit  to  PriCon  the  Chan- 
cellour and  the  Treafurer,    or  if  they  found  them  with  the  King, 


prefently  to  kill  them :  But  they  were  difappointed  in  their  Projeft, 
by  the  King's  Remaining  in  Edmhurgh;  for  he  fufpeifled  that  they 
had  fonie  Plot  acainft  the  Chancellour's  Life,  and  therefor  he  ftaid 


in  the  fame  Lotigine  with  him.     But  this  failing  them,  they  laid 

another  Plot,  for  talcing  him  by  open  Force  out  of  the  King's  Arms ; 

and  an  Appointment  was  made  for  their  Meeting  upon  fucn  a  Day. 

At  this  Time  Bothivel  was  at  his  Houfe  of  Crichton^  and  kept  about 

him  the  Soldiers  that  he  had  levied,  pretending  a  Journey  to  the 

Jjles ;  for  he  was  Lord  High  Admiral :    Crawford  and  Errol  came 

with  their  Followers  to  the  North  Ferry;  <*y^dontrofs  feigned  aVifit 

to  his  Coufin  Mr.  John  Graham  at  Halyards,   about  fix  Miles  from 

Edinburgh :  And  being  apprized  of  the  King's  keeping  f^ill  his  old 

Lodgings  in  the  Town,  they  came  no  farther;  but  Huntly,  who  re- 

fided  at  Dumfermling  with  his  Lady,   prefuming  much  upon  the 

King's  Affedtion,  in  the  Evening  on  which  they  nad  appointed  to 

meet,  came  unexpected  to  the  King's  Lodging,  when  the  King  had 

a  Conference  with  the  Chancellour :    But  the  King  no  fooner  faw 

him  but  he  asked  him  whence  he  came  from;    and  why  he  was  fo 

late  ?    And  then  falling  upon  fome  other  Difcourfe  with  him,  the 

Chancellour  ftept  afide  to  the  Window,  feeing  a  Crowd  of  armed 

Men  coming  in  to  the  Room  j    for  Huntly  had  brought  with  him 

theLaird  oOCmfams,  Brother  to  the  Earl  of  Crawford,  and  fome  of 

ErroCs  Men ;  thefe  having  fill'd  the  Room,  the  Chancellor's  Friends 

began  to  fufpe(5l:  fome  bad  Defign  :  Upon  which  the  Laird  of  Or- 

mijlom, 


An.  159J. 


Vol.  III.  Lord  Thirlftanc  and  Chancellour  of  Scotland.  ^j^ 

tnifioun,  Carmichaeh  and  the  Provoft  of  Lindowden  drew  nigli  to 
him,  with  a  Defign  to  ftand  by  him,  in  cafe  there  (hould  be  any  At- 
tempt made  upon  his  Perfon.      After  the  King  had  talked  fome 
Time  with  the  Earl,    he  retired  to  his  Clofet ;    and  ftayinc  fome- 
what  longer  than  was  expeftcd,  the  Chancellour  having  asked  the 
Uftier,  if  it  was  Time  to  fup  i*    And  being  anfwered.  That  it  was 
he  went  thro'  the  Throng  guarded  by  the  Three  Perfons  above 
mentioned,    to  his  own  Lodgings,    which    were    jufl;    above   the 
King's.     Then  he  fent  word  to  the  King  of  the  Danger  that  they 
were  both  in ;  upon  which  Huntly  and  all  his  Followers  were  defi- 
red  to  remove,  which  was  immediately  done :    And  the  next  Mor- 
ning, the  King  having  fent  for  the  Earl,  and  having  examined  him 
upon  his  Defign  of  coming  to  the  Town  ;  and  the  Earl  not  giving 
fatisfadtory  Anfwers,    he  was  committed  Prifoner  to  the  Caftle  oi 
Edinburgh.     Crawford  and  Errots  Men,  who  were  at  the  North 
ferry,  having  got  notice  of  this,   immediately  difperfed,    and  the 
whole  Plot  was  difcovered  :    And  the  Earls  of  Errol  and  'Sothwel 
were  cited  to  appear  before  the  Council,  and  for  their  Non-appea- 
rance, were  denounced  Rebels :  Q^ontrofs  and  Crawford  were  noc 
called,  having  begged  His  Majefty's  Pardon,  and  promifed  not  to 
meddle  any  more  in  that  Affair:  Hmtly,  after  a  few  Days,  obtain'd 
his  Liberty  upon  the  fame  Terms ;  but  as,  he  went  to  the  North,  ho 
met  with  the  Earl  of  Crawford  at  Perth;  where  they  renewed  their 
Dcflgns  againft  the  Chancellour  and  Treafurer,  and  refolved  to  for- 
tifie  the  Town  of  Perth,    as  a  Place  moft  convenient  for  drawing 
Forces  together  from  all  Quarters ;   but  doubting  how  they  fhould 
make  good  their  Enterprize,  they  gave  over  that  Defign  :    But  be- 
ing informed  that  the  Treafurer  (the  Mafler  of  Glamts)  was  come 
to  Angus,    and  that  he  had  appointed  a  Meeting  of  fome  of  his 
Friends  at  the  Church  of  cyHetgle,  they  way-laid  him,  and  purfued 
him  to  the  Houfe  of  Kirkhi//,  which  they  fct  fire  to,  and  forc'd  him 
to  yield  himfelf  Prifoner  to  his  Coufin  the  Laird  of  cAuchindown. 
After  which  they  broke  out  into  open  Rebellion,  and  came,  with  a 
confiderable  Following,  to  the  Town  oi  Aberdeen,  in  the  Beginninty  of 
April  1 589.  where  they  emitted  a  Proclamation  in  the  King's  Name, 
declaring.  That  he  was  kept  Prifoner  by  the  Chancellour,   and  by  him 
advifed  to  ufe  his  ancient  Nobiltty  xvtth  that  Rigour  which  he  was  na- 
turally averje  to :  Requiring^  all  the  Lieges  to  concur  with  and  ajsifi 
them  to  fet  His  Perfon  at  Liberty.     Their  Hopes  were,  that  the  Earl 
of  Bothxvel,  with  his  Followers  in  the  South,  would  create  the  King 
fuch  Trouble,    that  they  needed  not  to  fear  any  Diflurbance  from 
him :  But  they  were  miflaken,   as  we  fhall  fhew  in  the  Life  of  that 
Prince ;  and  they  were  obliged  to  fubmit  themfelves  to  his  Mercy. 
This  Defign  againfl  our  Author's  Life  was  no  fooner  over,    but 
there  was  another  form'd  againfl  him,  as  being  anObflru<5ter  of  the 
King's  Marriage  with  the  Princefs  of  'Denmark ',  for  Sir  fames  Mel- 
njil  tells  us,  *  Tliat  upon  the  Queen  of  England'iOppoCmg  the  Mar- 

Mmmmm  2,  * iiage> 


^75"  TheLtfeof  ]0^^  MAITLAND,  Vol- iq 

'  riaee,  our  Council  was  convecn'd  (a\  and  enticed  to  vote  againfl 
'  the  Marriage  of  ©fwwiirii  whereat  His  Majcfty  took  fuch  a  Dcf- 


An    1S9V 


picht,  that  ne  caus'd  one  ot  his  familiar  Servants  to  deal  fecrctly  with 

*  lome  of  the  Deacons  of  the  Craftfmcn  oi  Edinburgh,  to  make  a  Mu- 
'  tinV'  againft  the  Chancellour  and  the  Council,   threatning  to  flay 

*  him,  in  cafe  the  Marriage  with  the  King  ofDrww^ri's  Daughter  were 
'  hindied  or  longer  delayed '.  Butnotwithflandingof  allthis,  feveral 
other  Stops  being  put  to  it,  the  King  turned  fo  extreamly  diffatisfied, 
that  he  could  neither  fleep  nof  reft :  And  the  Chancellour's  Enemies 
takin"  this  Opportunity,  did  all  they  could  to  perfwade  HisMajefty, 
that  ^was  all  owing  to  the  Chancellour;  which  he  being  inform d 
of,  acquainted  His  Majefty,  that  he  was  fo  far  from  oppoHng  his 
Defi"n,  that  he  would  go  himfelf  in  Perfon  and  brin"  home  the 
Queen:    '  And  by  little  and  little  (/^jj  Sir  James.Mcl'uil)  he  in- 

Km°.r  *  infonn'd  him  fo  well  of  the  faid  Voyage,  and  the  great  Charge  {b) 
withiheK-   ^  j^^  hadbeftowed  upon  a  fair  and  fwirt-failine Ship,  that  His  Ma- 
'■■  jeft)  was  moved  to  take  the  Voyace  himfelf,   and  to  fail  in  the 
'  fame  Ship  with  the  Chancellour,  witli  great  Secrecy  and  fhort  Pre- 
'  paration ;  making  no  Man  privy  thereto  but  fuch  as  the  Chancel- 
'  lour  pleas'd,  and  fuch  as  formerly  had  all  been  upon  his  Fadlion  *, 
But  whatever  Truth  may  be  in  this  Account  of  Sir  J  armies  Mehil's. 
who  was  no  Friend  to  tlic  Chancellour,  'tis  certain  that  it  was  a  ve- 
ry bold  and  dangerous  Attempt  in  him  to  carry  the  King  alongft 
with  him;    for  'twas  upon  the  12,  of  Oihber  that  they  put  to  (ea, 
and  the  Weather  was  rough  and  ftormy ;    and  the  laft  Day  was  fo 
tempeftuous,  that  they  were  all  like  to  peridi :    But  it  pleafed  God 
that  the  King  arrived  the  fame  Night  at  an   Harbour  in  Norwajt 
(not  far  from  V^Jlo,  where  the  King  remained)    and  the  next  Sun- 
day the  Marriage  was  folemnized. 

The  fame  Sir  "James  Melvil  tells  us  (A  That  whilft  our  Author 
was  in  Denmark,  great  Contentions  arofe  betwixt  the  Earl  of  cyMa- 
rijchal  and  him  j  for  the  Earl  of  Mar ij chat,  by  virtue  of  his  Office, 
claim'd  the  next  Place  to  His  Majefty  as  long  as  he  was  there;  and 
on  the  other  hand,  the  Chancellour  claim'd  it  as  due  to  his  Office. 
He  tells  us  likewifc,  That  he  advifed  His  Majefty,  upon  his  Return, 

*  To  have  no  Privy  Council,  but  the  Exchequer,  and  the  Nobility 

*  to  be  debarred  from  it :  Sundry  of  the  Lords  of  Sefllon  to  be  put 
'  out,  who  he  judged  had  no  Dependence  upon  him,  and  others 
'  his  Creatures  put  in  their  Room.     He  caus'd  a  Proclamation  to 

*  be  penn'd,  which  was  fent  home,  to  be  proclaim'd  before  His 
'  Majefty's  Return,  That  none  of  the  Nobility  fhould  come  to  Court 

*  not  being  fent  for;   and  then,  to  bring  with  them  fix  Perfons  and 

*  no  more;  likewife,  every  Baron  to  bring  but  four:    Likewife,  he 

*  refolved  to  caufe  ward  fuch  as  had  been  unruly  and  difobedient 

*  during  His  Majefty's  Abfence,  as  the  Earl  of  Bothwel,    the  Lord 

*  Hume,  and  divers  Borderers  and  Highlandmen. 

But 

(«)  Mtlvil'j  Mem.  P.  17J.      (*J  lU.  P.  i8i.     (0  /W.  f.  igj. 


Vol.111.  Lord  Tluriiiane  and  Chance /Jour  of  bcoiLnnd.  ^jy 

Buc  that  vvliich  moftly  concerns  our  Defign  is,    Tliat  wmlft  our 
Author  was  in  ^Denmark  he  became  intimately  acquainted  with  the   r>,y\ys 
famous  Tycho  Brahe,  with  whom  he  contraded  an  intimate  f riend*   t^/ w 
fliip  :  And  aiiiongft  our  Author's  Poems,  we  find  two  Epigrams  up- 
on Tychos  ridure,  one  upon  his  Obfervatory,  and  one  upon  him-' 
Celf.     Ail  which  we  fhall  here  infert,  to  let  the  Reader  know  what 
an  excellent  Turn  of  Wit,    what  a  happy  Genius,   and  what  a  Po« 
litencfs  of  Stile  he  had. 

In  Effigiem  Tychonis  'BrahA,  ad  Pidlorem. 

FA  C  tibi  dent  Superi^  pidas  animare  figurasy 
Hunc  tcimcn  fW/V  aut  arte  referre  neauis; 
Q^ajejfajqne  oris  nuuaejl  imitabilis  arte; 
JXec  tantum  Heroem  parva  tabella  capit. 

Ad  Eundem. 

^o6fa  (juidem.,  fed  manca  tamen,  nam  plurima  defunt 

'Dtgna  colt ;  ^virtus,  mens,  decor ^  ingenium : 
Humana  h^c  nan  arte  queunt  nee  mente  referri. 

f^is  njeram  effigiem  pingere,  pinge  Deum. 

In  Uraniam. 

Ouod  Jovif  alt  a  domus,  micquid  natura  vel  orbitf 

Alter  ^  orbis  IjAbet,  mtrum  opus  Urania. 
£/?  merito  divija  orbi,  quam  non  capit  orbis  : 

^mida  nature  h^c,  &mulus  ipfe  Jovi. 

Ad  Tychonem  ipfum. 

TTCHO,  natur'A  tot  mira  at  que  abdita  pandis, 
Vt  fis  natur&  jiims  atque  parens. 


Upon  tlic  King's  Return  from  Denmark,  the  Earl  of  Bothwtl  was 
accus'd  by  the  Chancellour,  of  confulting  Witches  for  the  Killing    H..«Qf«, 
of  the  Kinp ;  and  amonj^ft  thefe,  there  was  one  Ames  Simfon,  com-  fott^uf^ 
moniy  called  ihe  wife  Wife  of  ICeith  (a),  who  in  Tier  Examination  uiTng",!^ 
declared,  .*  That  Ihe  had.  a  familiar  Spirit,  whoj  upon  her  Call,  did*^"** 

♦  appear  in  A  vifible  Form,  'and  refolve  her  of  any  doubtful  Mat- 
'  ,tcr,  efpccially.  concerning  the  Life  and  Death  of  any  Perfons  ly- 

♦  iirg  Tick.   "And  being  askd,  what  Words  Ihe  us'd  when  flie  called 

♦  the  Spirit?.  ■  She  faidhei  Words  were,  Holla^  Majler;   .and  tliat 
<  jie  had  learned  her  fo  to  do. '   She  further  confefled,  That  die  Earl 

♦  of  Bothivel  had  moved  her  to  enquire  what  would  beconreof  the 

♦  Kuig  '■    How  long  hi  fliould  reign?   And  what  fliould  happen  af- 

♦  ter  his  Death  ?   And  that  the  Spirit,   having  undertaken  to  make 

N  n  n  n  n  *  awuy 


f<tj  Sj.oiir«oo4.  Lib.  i.  V.  )t). 


4i8  The  Ltfe  of  ]OHN    MAlTLAND. Vol.111. 

*  away  the  King,  alter,  had  tailed  in  performing  1  And  being 
r^^^'''^  1  challenged  by  Iter,  confcffed  it  was  not  in  his  Power,  fper^king 
vji«v^  t  Words  flic  underftood  not ,  but  as  Ihc  did  mind,  the  Words  were, 
0  //  eji  homwe  de  Dieu,  that  is  in  French,  He  is  the  M^n  of  Cod. 
At  the  fame  Time  another  accus'd  of  Sorcery,  called  Richard  Grct- 
ham,  being  examined,  cbnfefTcd  that  Bothwel  likcwifc  had  conful- 
tcd  him  about  the  King's  Death;  For  which  he  was  committed  to 

.hrt±'*  Prifon,  intheMonthot  e///;r/7  I59I- 

imp..fon.d.  BLit  he  had  not  been  above  a  Month  in  Prifon  when  he  made  his 
Efcape,  by  bribing  his  Keeper ;  upon  which  the  Kinc  ordered  a 
Proclamation  to  be  ilfued  out  againft  him,  declaring  him  Traitor, 
and  discharging  all  his  Sub)e(n:s  to  keep  any  manner  of  Intelligence 
or  Corrcfpondence  with  him.  On  the  other  hand,  Bothwel  laid  the 
whole  Blame  upon  the  Chancellour,  and  drew  together  fome  Com- 
panies of  Men;  declaring,  That  he  had  noDefign  againft  the  King, 
but  againft  the  Chancellour :  But  'twas  not  long  before  the  moll 
of  his  Men  deferted  him,  fubmitting  tiiemfelves  to  the  King's  Mer- 
cy ;  and  he  himfelf  was  obliged  to  flee  into  England. 

Towards  the  Fnd  of  the  Year  1591,  the  Queen  laid  a  Claim  to 
AF.aionu  ^'^^  Lordfliip  of  Mujjelhrgh,    as  being  a  Part  of  Dumfermling,  and 
fotonj .-    defircd  the  ClianccUoiir  to  refign  it  in  her  Favours  j   for  he  had  ac- 
^'"h.  Q.    quired  an  heritable  Right  to  it,  at  the  making  the  Atft  of  Annexa- 
k^with-"    tion :  The  Chancellour  refufing  to  do  this,  the  Queen,  to  be  rcven- 
'""■        ^cd,  raifed  a  Facflion  againft  him  in  the  Council ;  the  principal  Per- 
Ibns  of  which  were,  the  Duke  of  Lennox,  the  Earls  of  Argyle,  An- 
gus, Errol  and  Morton,  the  Lord  Hume  and  the  Mafter  of  Glamis: 
The  Chancellour  finding  this,    he  withdrew  from  the  Court,  and 
lived  retiredly  in  Ntdjdale  for  the  remaining  Part  of  the  Year:  But 
upon  his  Return  to  the  Court,    the  moft  part  of  the  Counfellors 
made  their  Application  to  the  King  acainft  him;  but  he  vindicate 
himfelf  fo  well  of  all  that  was  laid  to  his  Charge,   that  he  became 
as  much  in  the  King's  Favour  as  ever.     But  the  Queen  ftill  reiain'd 
a  Grudge  at  him  tor  refufing  her  the  Loid^\^oi  Mn^eliurgh  -^  but 
at  lengtn,  by  the  Means  of  Robert  Ker  of  Cejsford,    who  had  mar- 
ried his  Niece,  the  Queen  was  alfo  reconciled  to  him ;    and  to  in- 
gratiate himfelf  the  more  in  her  Favours,  he  concurred  with  her  in 
ner  Defign  of  taking  the  young  Prince  from  the  Earl  oi  Mar:    For 
which  he  received  afevere  Reprimand  from  the  King,  which  he  took 
fo  much  to  heart,  that  he  fell  into  a  lingring  Sicknefs,  of  which  he 
died  at  his  Houfe  of  Lawder,  as  Spotifwood  fays :   But  Johnffon  fays 
kcha^Vl'.  that  he  died  Epileptitk.     But  Sjfot  if  wood's  Account  of  his  Death 
fcems  more  probable ;  for  he  fays  (a),  '  That  during  his  Sicknefs  he 

*  fent  his  Coufin  the  Secretary  to  the  King,  who  remained  then  at 

*  Hamilton,  and  by  him  excufed  his  Dealing  in  that  Matter,   with 

*  a  folemn  Proteftation  of  his  Fidelity  in  all  His  Majefty's  Services; 

*  ferioufly  commended  his  Lady,  Cnildren  and-  Friends,    now  that 

*  he  was  to  end  his  Life,    to  His  Majefty's  Prote(ftion.     The  King 

*  was 

I       ■  >  ■    ■  ■.!  

C«)  Ub.  (.  Pi  414. 


Vol.  III.  Lord  Thirlftanc  and  Chancel/our  of  bcodand.  ^^.i^ 

'  was  much  troubled  with  the  News,  and  wrote  unto  him,  witn  uis 

*  own  Hand,  the  following  Letter.  JS^ 


"^N/^ 


CHANCELLOR, 


0  W  forry  J  am  of  theje  News,  1  leave  it  to  yourself  toiudae. 
J  zvas  never  a  Di\jembler  of  my  oAffe^ions,    and  yet  i  trufi 


H 

that  God  loill  not  [foil  me  of  you  jo  untimely ;  therefore  zvill 
pray  fo  far^  as  you  may  zvtth  a  valiant  Heart  reftjl  the  ^Jaults  of  your 
Sicknejs ;  hopuig  in  the  Goodnefs  of  my  fortune,  that  God  ivill  rejervc 
you  yet  to  me,  as  Hezekiah  was  to  his  People;  for  the  Necefsity  be- 
tween Prince  and  Subjeifs  is  reciprocal :  Nor  can  any  Sicknels,  how 
heavy  foever  it  be,  take  away  the  Life,  if  God  cut  not  the  Threads 
thereof.  As  to  your  Suits ;  if  God  calls  you,  I  need  no  Remembrance ; 
for  fince  I  made  you  a  Pattern  of  my  con f  ant  Favour  during  your  Life, 
{as  yourfelf  hath  oft-times  faid)  /  am  much  more  hound,  of  Princely 
Duty,  to  make  your  IVife  andTofterity,  that  bears  your  Image,  a  vivc 
Reprefentation  of  my  thankful  (tMemory;  and  to  comfort  you  in  this, 
remember  what  I  have  done  to  the  Duke  and  the  Lady  Huntly,  for 
their  Fathers  Sake.  This  may  affure  you,  in  cafe  of  the  worfi  (which 
Cod  fcrhid)  your  Thoughts  fhall  be  prevented  herein  by  my  thankful 
Behaviour  to  them.  And  for  your  Couftn  the  Secretary,  he  fjaU  be 
the  better  at  my  Hand  in  lofingyou.  But  I  green  to  hear  better  News ; 
and  if  Time  and  Di fiance  of  Place  could  have  permitted  me  in  any 
way,  I  Jhould  not  have  fpard  to  have  carried  my  own  Mefjage  my  (elf 
God  fend  yoH  your  Health,  and  keep  you  to  me  and  to  your  native 
Country. 

*  This  Ihewed  (continues  Spotijwtod)  in  what  Account  the  King 
held  him  :  And  in  truth  he  deferved  no  left;  for  he  was  a  Man 
of  rare  Parts  and  of  a  deep  Wit,  learned,  full  of  Courage,  and 
mod  faithful  ro  his  King  and  Mafter ;  in  that  lafl:  Bufinels  which 
the'Queen  went  about,  of  taking  the  Prince  from  the  Earl  of  Mar, 
he  was  confcnting,  Cfor  the  two  Noblemen  had  their  private  E- 
mulations)  but  it  was  ever  with  a  Relervation  of  His  Majefty's 
Plcafurc.  No  Man  did  ever  carry  himfelf  in  his  Place  more  wife- 
ly, nor  fuftain  it  more  couragioufly  againft  his  Enemies  than  lie 
did.  Being  vifited  in  his  Sicknefs  by  Mr.  Robert  Bruce  and  the 
Minillers  of  Edinburgh,  he  exprefTed  a  great  Contempt  of  the 
World  and  of  the  Vanities  of  it ;  lamenting  that  he  had  not  done 
the  Good  which  he  would  and  might  have  done  in  his  Place,  btf- 
ing  impeded,  as  he  faid,  by  the  Malice  of  his  Adverfarics,  who 
were  ever  plottinc  his  Death  and  Ruin.  Two  Months  he  contPf 
nued  under  that  languifhing  Sicknefs,  and  ended  his  Days  moft 
happily  the  ^d  of  OSlober  1595.  The  King  did  greatly  lament 
his  Death,  and  honoured  him  with  an  Epitaph. 

♦  Others,  for  all  this,  fpared  not  to  exprefs  thqir  Malice  in  Libels, 
and  Kythms  after  his  Death;  fome  whereof  wcie  caftin  |he  King's 

N  n  n  n  n  l  Cham- 


410  ThcUfeof  ]0^^  MAJTLAND. V^'l-  TIf. 

'  Chsimbcr  ^t  Lirilftb^oiu  and  other  Places:  But  as  thcAucIiori  were 
rsy\^  i  not  known,  fo  were  the  Rythms  dcfpifcd  and  corticiiined  by  all 
*^'V%'  '  good  Men.     [TTjus  far  Spotifwood] 

Dr.  fohn/fon,  in  his  Hiflory,  /peaking  of  our  Authors  Death,' 
f^'s  (a),  That  he  was  a  Perfon  of  great  Learning,  well  feen  in  the 
Laws,  of  great  Dexterity  in  the  Management  of  pubhck  Alfairs,  of 
a  plea(ant  and  facetious  Humour,  but  a  litde  too  fatyrical ',  by 
w'.iich  means  he  procured  to  himfelf  a  great  many  Encmie-,  who 
were  conflantly  plotting  his  Ruin  :  But  notwithftanding  of  aU  their 
Malice,  he  ibll  behaved  himfelf  with  fuch  Prudence  iind  Magnani- 
mity of  Mind,  that  he  defeated  all  their  ProjedVs  againft  him  •.'  And 
in  a  Word,  That  he  was  a  nioft  acconiplidi'd  Gentlenrran  j  but 
ilandered  by  his  Enemies,  for  beingContnver  of  thcMurdcr  of  the 
Earl  of  Q^urray  :  His  Words  are,  Jnler  hac  Merellanus  PrafcclM 
■juris  (jncertum.,  Jludtis  huinanioribus  ^  "Juris  Ci'vilis  jcientin,  an 
reins  quxrendis  cfarior)  hoc  tempore,  'vt  morbi  [onNct  interccptus  ejt; 
haud  Aquahtli  gratia  apud  Frinctpew,  ^  vHa  luij^y..  njono  (tfptrOy 
modo  tranqnillo,  turn  demum,  intelleiia  inani  ^  operofa  Jcdttlnaic, 
in  ftipervacuis  lalorihus  coaitare  capita  quot  fiuiius  juhjectt'  {^:<ot  t:rf2- 
pehate'i  pri'vatas  ^  public  as  [uflinuertt^  in  tranqHiliicrt-.,'-  p^rtt^m 
Tiavifare  concupiit,  o  Lawden  interiit-  Is  rneritw,  /icjuitate  tn  re- 
bus judtcandiSy  jolertia  ingenii^  perttta  ufque  rerum^  ut  ad  pofienta- 
tis  memoriaTn  fawa  Celebris  ejjet-  In  prim*  juventa  multis  Jifrimi- 
nibM  obnoxiu/,  pofl  calamitatem  Ledingtoni  fratrts  altquamhu  la- 
tuit :  pro-jeda  £tjte,  gradatim  honores  (5  publica  Reipub.  munera  a- 
deptui,  non  fine  magna  invidia  Procerum  admini/lravit,  Cfuam  irn- 
modicis  jocis  provocavit :  fupervacaneum  efi  Jingula  maledida  refer- 
re,  per  quA  in  Troceres  inimicofque  Juos  contumeliojus  fuit,  u4d  jpe- 
cimen  excel  ft  animi  femper  edtdit :  mttr  ad'uerjas  fatfiones  mc^^n.im 
Uudem  prudentii.  indujlri&que  tulit :  reliquit  clarifsima  monun/enta 
dodrinx  Ju/t,  Eptgrammata  Latino  fermone  confcripta,  fenefcente  /«- 
'vidia.  quam  dies  mitigavit ;  fama  ejus  vario  jermone  'uulgi  cllebra- 
ta,  qutmfdam  natura  dicacior  'vifus,  ($"  ne  inter  tempora  curarum 
^verbis  aut  facet iis  jatis  temperans  ;  aliis,  ubi  officio  fatts fecit,  lenis,  re- 
mtfsuSy  urbanus )  procul  a  trifiitia  aut  feveritate,  jocos  temperatos  fe- 
riis  permtfcens.  'T>ie  funeris,  quam  ampltjsime  pio  conjugalique  an.ore 
datus,  meditata  ad  memeriam  virtutum  carmtna,  mutti  lugubri  co- 
rn Ana  ejus  fuprema  defiebant.  Cunilis  haud  lata  memoria  ;  alii,  ut 
memoravi,  dtjcordiarum  inter  Proceres  (^  Murra^uiA  cAdis  authorem 
arguebant. 

As  our  Author  was  one  of  the  befl:  Latin  Poets  of  his  Age,  as  his 
Epigrams,  which  are  ftill  exftant,  tcftifie;  fo  the  beft  Poets  in  the 
Kingdom  took  care  to' celebrate  his  Praifes  after  his  Death,  by  ma- 
ny excellent  Epitaphs;  but  I  fliall  only  take  notice  of  three  of  them  : 
The  Firft  is  by  Mr.  yindrew  Q^elvil ;  the  Second  is  by  the  famous 
Sir  Thomas  Craig;  and  the  Laft  is  what  is  upon  his  Tomb  ztHad- 
dingtoun:  Where  he  lies  interred  with  feverais  of  his  Predeceflbrs. 
^  Tu- 

(«)  Hill,  w.  Bill,  Lib.  7,  r,  M4. 


Vol.  III.  Lord  Thirlftane  and  ChanctUour  of  Scotland. 


4ir 


Tumulus  Joannis  Metellani  Scotix  Cancellarii. 

LLB  (^MeteUanus^  cui  Regni  incLiruit  ingens 
jinniilns,  ^  R^gts  wenfque  mannjcjue  fui: 
Cui  Rex  incubuit,  Regni  dum  'uerjat  habencisi 
Ghtp  dtice  tanta  fuit  pax  foras  at  que  domi : 
Glut,  Claris  prognatus  a'vis,  (^  Jangaine  prifco, 

Laude  nova  -veteres  nohtlita'vit  avos. 
Hac  tirna  fitus  tn  parva,  tibi  furdior  aula 
Intonat  hoc,  Si  vis  vivere,  difce  mori. 

Epitaphium  Joannis  Metellani,  Magni  Scotia:  Cancellarii. 

HVmida  cjuod  terra  fades,  tot  mcnfibus  &ther 
Jmbrtbus  mfejlus.  findibus  xqiior  erat : 
^luodque  Ceres  mentita  fidem\  fat  amcrferat  undisy 

^t  her  is  ^  terra  h&c  figna  gementis  erant. 
Qjiippe  is^etellano  (cujus  frcndente  profane 

Invidta,  ad  mimdi  niAnia  fama  'volat) 
Jufa  pi  is  lachrymisy  (S  pnH^  "vefe  parabant, 

Nee  lucem  in  luifu  j'ujlinuere  Jho- 
Sed  ft  wens  nlla  eft  hominis  pr&fa^a  futurii 

2yec  fen.' per  Vcrtes  vana  refer  re  folent. 
Si  Niobcn  jlet  adhuc  marnwr,  ft  Candida  vatttm 

c^J^'ter,  adhuc  multo  A'fcmnona  rare  gemit ; 
Mult  a  diuque  tibi  lachrymarum  fumina  fundet 

Scotia,  confilits  fola  relief  a  fuis. 

Aliud. 

EmO  e^eteliano  tjt  JujfeShu,  curita?  ^od  par 
Nemo  MeteUano.,   nemo  fecundw  erat. 

Upo|i  his  Tomb  in  i\\QC\\\i\d\  oi  Haddingtctm  is  this  Infcription. 

O  A  NN'I'  Mctellano,  Baroni  deTliyrljlane,  magno  Scotia  Can- 
cellarto ;  qui,  a  nobtli  Metellana  ftirpe  oriundiu,  vetufijsiwA 
familta  decus  celcbriore  titulo  auxit :  Cujiu  fincera  pietas,  he- 
roica  mens,  &uditio  firtgularis,  gnat}a  fortititdo,  poferis  anmlanda, 
invtdcnda  antiquis,  parcm  iiix  habuerunt :  Liberalitas  exprompta, 
Uttu  lepidufq^i^ ^nf^enii  vigoy,  devixerit  fbi  publict  omnes,  privatim, 
fingulos:  ^u<^n,'..poft  yaria  tn  Rep.  ,pr£clare gejlamtmia,  Jacob tu., 
eJM  nomints^extips,  Scotorum  R^ex,  [omnium  quos  Europa'unquam 
'uidit  (apienti(}j.mus)  ad  jummum  Cancellariatus  fajligium,  accla- 
rnatilibus  tribus  Rfrni  Ordinibus,  ^in  Comitip  publicis  evexit.  Sed 
munus  tllud  annos  vtx  noycm  fuftinuit,  cam  ea  tamen  prudentia,  in- 
tegritaie  ac  laudf^  ut  merito  airman  pofsit,  Brevis  dignitatis  ingen- 
tern  fuijje  gloriam.     Tandem^  annos  natus  quinquaginta,  in  medio f e- 

O  o  o  o  o  rt 


An.  151)5. 


^  rhcltjeoj  JOHN  MAITLAND,  Vol.  ig 

re  honor  urn  (^  'virtuturn  curricula  ereplus^  actrhum  jut  defideriHm  relh 
quit  omnibus,  prdcipue  Regi  Optimo;  qui  'verjihus  J^ermcutisy  Jupremo 
huic  mtirmori  mci/is,  demortuo  partfitavit.  Obiit  oAnm  1595-  5 
iVb«.  Oclobris,  tn  arce  fua  de  Thyrll\anc,  a  je  rectns  txftruCta. 

"Joannes  Metellanus  Lauder  is,  Comes,  fitius  unigena,  parent  i  Op- 
timo, ma'iore  pietate  quam  impenfa,  pom  curavtt. 

In  EngltP)  thus. 

TO  John  Maitland,  Baron  of  Thyrlftane,  Lord  High  Chanccl- 
loLif  of  Scotland,  who,  being  defcendcd  of  the  noble  Stotic 
of  the  Maiclands,  by  a  more  glorious  Title,  augmented  the 
Honour  of  that  moll  noble  Family  :  Whofe  fincere  Piety,  heroick 
Mind,  fingular  Learning,  undaunted  Courage,  to  be  imitated  by 
Poftcrity,  to  be  envied  %  Antiquity,  fcarce  had  a  parallel :  His  rea-, 
dy  Liberality,  chcartul  and  facetious  Strength  ofWit,  gain'd  to  him 
the  Artedions  of  all,  both  iiT  publicic  and  in  private;  Whom,  after 
feveral  honourable  Offices  in  tlie  Commonwealth  faithfully  difchar- 
"ed,  King  James,  the  Sixth  of  that  Name,  King  of  Scotland,  (the 
wifeft  of  all  the  Kings  ever  Europe  favv)  advanced  to  the  High  Dig- 
nity of  Chancellour,  with  the  Confent  and  Acclamations  of  the 
Three  Eftates  of  the  Kingdom,  in  publick  Parliament ;  But  he  hardly 
enjoyed  that  Poft  nine  Years;  but  with  fuch  Prudence, Integrity  and 
univerfal  Approbation,  that  it  may  be  faid  of  him,  Great  was  the 
Glory  of  his  Ihort-liv'd  Dignity.  At  length,  having  attained  to  the 
Fiftieth  Year  of  his  Age,  almoft  in  the  Midftof  his  Race  of  Honours 
and  Virtues,  being  fnatch'd  away,  he  letr  with  all  Pcrfons  a  moft 
atflid ing  Senfc  of  the  Want  of  him,  efpecially  to  our  moft  excel- 
lent King,  who  compofed  the  Englifh  Verfes  engraven  upon  the 
Top  of  his  Marble,  in  the  Praife  of  the  Defundt.  He  died  the  3d  of 
O^iober    1 595,    in  his  own  Caille  of  TTo^rljiane^  lately  built  by 

himfelf. 

John  e^aitland  Earl  of  Lauderdale,  his  only  Son ;  to  his 
moft  defervin^  Father  caufcd  eredt  this  Monument,  more 
out  of  Piety  than  vain  Glory. 

TTje  Verfes  compofed  by  the  Kingf   mentioned  in  this  Jnfcriptiortf 
are  as  follows. 

THu  Paflenger,  who  fpyft  with  gazeing  Eyes 
This  fad  Trophic  of  Death's  triumphing  Dart, 
Confider,  when  this  outward  Tomb  thu  fees. 

How  rair  a  Man  leaves  here  his  earthly  pairt ; 
His  Wildome  and  his  Uprightnefs  of  Heart, 

His  Piety,  his  Pra<5fice  in  our  State, 
His  pregnant  Wit,  well  vers'd  in  every  pairtf 
As  equally  not  all  were  in  Debate. 

Then 


Vol.  III.  Lord  Tiiirlftane  and  Chancellour  of  Scotland.  £j!z 

Then  juftly  hath  his  Death  brought  forth  of  late 

A  heavy  Grief  to  Prince  and  Subjects  all,  tSA*^ 

Who  Virtue  love,  and  Vice  do  truly  hate,  wJ^VV 

Tho  vicious  Men  be  joyful  at  his  Fall : 
But  for  hirafelf,  moft  happy  doth  he  die, 

Tho  for  his  Prince  it  moft  unhappy  be. 


J 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

O  A  NNIS  Metellan'h  Thirlftoni  Domini,  Scotia  quondam 
Cancellarii,  Epigrammata  LatinOy  Del.  Fo€$.  Scot.  Vol.  ii.  Far. 
138.    Am[t.  i6y].  in  ilmo. 


Ooooo I  THE 


414  ^y^vii^- 


-^  THE 

LIFE  of  JAMES  TATRE  of  the 
Society  of  the  Jefuites, 

THIS  Gentleman  was  born  in  the  Year  1 543,  of 
an  ancient  Family  in  the  Northern  Parts  of  Scot- 
land; when  he  arrived  to  a  competent  Ace,  he 
was  fcnt  to  France  by  iiis  Parents,  wliere  he  was 
brought  up  amongft  the  JejuiteSy    and    entered 

H';;  7  Tb,  into  that  Order  in  the  Year  1565,   being  then  in 

j,fu,w.      jj^.g  ^Q  YezT  ot  his  Age,  (a). 

The  firft  Founder  ot  this  Order  was  Jnnigo  or  Ignatius  Loyola,  who 

An  Account  wcs  bom  in  the  Year  1 491, in  the  Province  of  Guipifcoa  in  Spain,  (I;)  : 

•f'biiOidc.  f^jj  patiicr  ;gartram  Jnnigo  Lord  of  Ognez.  and  Loyola,  ancf  his  Mo- 
ther Maria  Sona,  had  hve  Daughters  and  eight  Sons,  Ignatius  was 
the  youngeft  of  all  the  Sons,  he  was  brought  up  at  the  Court  of 
Ferdinand  K\n2,oi  Sp,i in,  with  ^ntonia  Marinquez^an  of  the  Gran- 
dees of  Spaing  in  his  Youth  he  had  a  very  martial  Inclination;  and 
went  to  the  Army  where  he  behaved  very  valiantly  at  the  Siege  of 
Pamhelona,  for  that  City  being  befieged  by  the  French  in  the  Year 
1 511  :  Our  Saint  was  one  ot  thofe  who  fignaliz'd  himfelt  mofl  in 
Defence  ot  the  Place;  and  had  his  right  Thigh  broke  with  a  Cannon 
Bullet,  and  being  taken  Prifoner  by  tlie  French,  they  fcnt  him  to 
the  Lordlhip  of  Loyola,  where  he  fuffered  very  much  under  the  ig- 
norant Treatment  ot  his  Chirurgeons,  who  having  not  fet  his  Thigh 
Bone  right,  caufed  them  break  it  again  :  which  they  did  by  fawing 
the  Bone,  and  fetting  it  worfe  than  ever  it  was,  during  the  Time 
that  he  was  lying  in  his  Wounds,  he  read  feveral  Books  of  Piety 
and  Devotion,  which  made  him  form  a  Refolution  of  dedicating 
himfelf  intirely  to  the  Service  of  God ;  and  upon  his  Recovery, 
l^e  made  a  Vow  of  a  Pilgrimage  to  Monjerrat  in  Catalonia,  in  his 
journey  to  Monferrat  he  met  with  a  'Moor,  and  faUing  in  convcrfe 
•with  him  J  the  Moor  mantained,  that  the  Blcfled  Virgin  had  carnal 
Dealing  with  her  Husband  Jofeph,  after  our  Saviour's  Birth  :  This 
Dilhonour  done  to  the  Bletled  Virgin  highly  incenfed  Ignatius,  who 
endeavoured  to  convince  him  of  his  Error,  but  the  dpk/oor  conti- 
nuing ftill  obftinate  in  his  Opinion,  they  parted;  but  S.  Ignatius 
beginning  to  reflecft  on  the  Horridnefs  of  the  Propofition,  that  the 
Moor  had  defended,  he  refolved  to  kill  him  for  the  Honour  of  the 
BletTed  Virgin ;  and  certainly  S.  Ignatius  had  kill'd  him,  had  it  not 

been, 


{,»),  Bib.  Soc.  p«t  B.ib.  Alig«mb.  6cc.  C*},  V.i  du?in.  Bib.  KccUf.  Tom.  if  Pig.  4'4- 


Vol.  III.  of  the    Society  of  the  JeCuices.  ^i^ 

been  that  at  the  Parting  of  a  Road,  St.  Ignatius  s  Mule  took  one 
Way,  and  the  Moor,  another.  a^V^ 
Coming  near  to  Montjerrat,  he  put  himfelf  in  DiTguife,  "doath-  ^^W 
infT  himfeu  with  a  long  woollen  Robe  like  a  Sack,  a  Cord  about 
his  Middle,  a  long  Pole  in  his  Hand,  and  an  earthen  Pitcher  at  his 
Side.  Thus  accoutred  he  came  to  No  fire  Dame  de  Mon\errat,  and 
after  ConfcfTion  and  Receiving  of  the  Sacrament,  he  contrived  a 
new  Ceremony  for  confecrating  himfelf  to  the  Service  of  the  Vir'j;in 
Q^ary,  by  imitating  the  Severities  of  fome  ancient  Fat'.iers  of  tlie 
Defert :  He  gave  all  his  own  Cloaths  to  a  poor  Man  ,  and  clothing 
himfelf  with  his  Sackcloth,  girding  his  Loins  with  a  Cord,  a  Staff 
in  his  Hand,  his  Pitcher  by  his  Side,  one  of  his  Feet  bare,  and  the 
odier  covered  with  a  Sandel  of  Ofietj  he  prefentcd  himfelf  in  this 
Equipage  before  the  Altar  of  the  Bleffed  Virgin  upon  the  14th  of 
(^ar-ch,  in  the  Year  1521,  and  continued  in  Prayer  all  that  Night, 
without  Sleeping,  fometimes  Handing,  fometimes  kneeling  :  And 
thus  he  enrolled  himfelf  in  the  facred  Militia  of  the  BlefTed  Virgin. 
After  this,  early  in  the  Morning,  he  went  on  his  Foot  from  Atont- 
ferrat  to  Manrefa,  where  he  remained  for  a  whole  Year  amongft 
the  Poor  ot  the  Hofpital,  begging  his  Bread  from  Door  to  Door, 
eating  and  drinking  nothing  but  Bread  and  Water,  chaflifing  his 
Body  three  times  in  the  Day,  lying  on  the  Ground,  and  pia(5lif]ng 
all  manner  of  Severities.  During  this  Time  he  was  likewife  attack  a 
with  fevcral  Temptations,  all  wliich  he  happily  overcame  ;  as  like- 
wife,  a  lingring  Sicknefs  of  which  he  \<'as  cured:  And  'tis  believed, 
that  'twas  then  that  he  compofed  iiis  Book  of  Spiritual  Exerafes^ 
which  he  afterwards  reviewed  and  publifhed  at  i?ow<r,  in  the  Year 
1 548.  After  tliis  he  rcfolvcd  to  make  a  Voyage  to  Jcrufalem,  but 
he  would  not  undertake  it  till  once  he  had  received  a  Benedidf  ion 
from  the  Pope ;  fo  he  went  (Iraight  from  Manrefa  to  Rome,  where 
he  received  the  Benedidlion  of  Pope  aAdrian  VI.  And  then  em- 
barked 2it  Venice  for  feru(a[em,  upon  the  14th  o(  July  1515,  and 
arrived  in  the  Holy  Land  upon  the  4th  of  September  the  fame  Year. 
After  he  had  vifited  all  the  holy  Places,  and  performed  the  ordi- 
nary Devotions  of  Pilgrims,  he  returned  to  Venice,  and  from  thence 
he  went  to  Barcelona  ;  and  'twas  in  this  City  and  at  this  Time,  he 
began  firfl:  to  fludy  the  L^r/>;  Grammar,  being  then  in  the  jjd 
Year  of  his  Age.  'Tis  no  hard  Matter  to  conceive  how  difagreeable 
it  muft  be  to  a  Perfon  arrived  at  that  Age,  to  ftudy  the  Eleir.ents  of 
a  Language ;  yet  he  overcame  it,  and  in  tlie  Space  of  two  Years  he 
learned  it  to  fuch  Perfedlion,  fhat  he  was  fufficiently  (juahfied  for 
learning  thg  Sciences:  So  he  went  to  tiie  Univerfity  of  jilcala^  in 
th?  Year  15K),  where  he  performed  his  Courfe  of  Philofophy  and 
Theology,  but  with  little  Succefs;  bccaufe  (fay  the  Writers  of  his 
Life  (rf)  he  was  too  earrleft  in  his  Purfuit  of  Knowledge,  applying 
himfeu  at  die  fame  time,  without  any  Oi'def,  to  the  Reading  of  the 
Terms,  as  they  call  them,  in  Logic;  the  Writing  o^  jilbertus Ma' 
PPPPP g^^^i 

it)  Viit  Vic  dc  Si.  I{n»(lui  pti  If.  Bib«r)k 


All.   159;. 
VVN/ 


416  LbeLifeof  JAMES  TAYRE, Vol  Ul 

anus  tor  rhilol'ophy  J  and  the  Maftcr  of  the  Sentences,  for  Thco- 
lo"y ;  and  licaring  at  the  fame  time  a  great  Number  of  ProfefTors : 
He  was  likcwife  hindrcd  in  his  Studies,  not  onl)  by  his  Spiritual 
Excrcifcs,  by  his  Offices  of  Charity  which  he  performed  in  the  Ffo- 
fpical  that  he  lived  in;  but  likcwifc,  bccaufe  he  was  obliged  to  beg 
lor  his  Bread,  and  was  much  employed  in  inflrudting  others. 

Janatius  all  this  Time  liad  but  four  Companions;  oArriaga,  Cn- 
liflMS,  Caz^erA,  and  a  young  Frenchman  j   who  were  all  clothed  as 
he,  in  a  brown  woollen  Habit,  and  all  employed  in  the  fame  fpiri- 
tual  Exercifcs.      The  Noife  of  their  extraordinary   Way  of  Living 
and  of  their  Preaclung,   coming  to  To/f.'/o,  and  the  Inquifition  ha- 
vinfT  traiifported  themlelvcs  from  that  City  to  cicala,    they  caufed 
Informations  to  be  drawn  up  and  given  in  to  them,  concerning  the 
Conduifl  ot  Ignatitts  and  his  Companions ;  but  not  finding  any  diing 
of  2,rcat  Import  againll  them,    they  left  a  Commiffion  with  Joahn 
Figheroa,    Vicar  to  the  Archbifhop  of  ToUJo,   to  finifh  that  Affair. 
fifheroa  went  to  rhe  Domicil  where  Ignatius  and  his  Companions 
lived  ;  and  having  qucflioncd  tlicm  flridly  upon  their  Method  and 
Manner  of  Living,  difcliarged  tlicm  from  wearing  a  differentH  abic 
from  the  rcfl  of  the  Scholars.      In  the  mean  time,  the  Number  of 
thofc  who  came  to  hear  Sz.  Ignatius s  Inflrudions  augmented  daily: 
and  the  Vicar  was  informed,  that  a  Widow  and  her  Daughter,  that 
were  under  his  Direiflion,    had  undertaken  a  long  Pilgrimage  bare- 
footed; and  altiio'  'twas  not  undertaken  by  Sulgnatius's  Command, 
yet  it  being  informed  that  it  was  by  his  Advice,    the  Vicar  caufed 
impriCon  our  Saint.     He   was  no  fooner  imprifoncd,    than  a  great 
Concourfe  of  People  came  ro  hear  him :    After  feven  Days  Impri- 
fonment,  the  Vicar  iiaving  examined  him,  and  told  him  theReafon 
why  he  Iiad  imprifoned  him,.  St.  Ignatius  declared  folcmnly  before 
Cod,    That  he  liad  neither  commanded   nor  counfelled  them  to 
that  Pilgrimage :    And  the  Women,  upon  their  Return,  having  de- 
clared tlie  fame,  the  Vicar  pafTed  Sentence  ;  by  whicli  he  enjoined 
him  and  his  Companions,  to  cloath  themfelves  with  the  fame  Ha- 
bit with  the  odicr  Scholars  of  the  Univerfity,   and  to  abflain  from 
fpeaking  to  the  People  concerning  Matters  ot  Religion,  till  our  Saint 
had  ftudied  four  Years  longer  Theology.     Ignattus  could  not  fub- 
mit  willingly  to  this  laflPart  of  the  Sentence,  and  therefor  he  rctk 
red  from  yilcala  to  Salamanca  ;  where,  for  a  long  Time,  he  taught 
and  inflruded  the  People  in  divers  Points  of  Morality. 

The  T>omimcans  being  highly  offended  thatPcrfons,  as  they  faid, 
without  Letters,  without  Learning,  or  any  Charader,  fhould  take. 
upon  them  the  Office  of  Apoflles ;  they  invited  Ignatius  and  his 
Companion  Calijlus  to  a  Conference  in  one  of  their  Convents, 
where  they  detained  them  Prifoners,  and  delivered  them  over  to 
the  Hands  of  fome  Officers  j  and  by  an  Order  from  the  Vicar  o£ 
the  Bifhop  of  Salamanca^  they  were  put  in  diflindt  Prifons,  and  kept, 
clofe  Priioners,  till  the  Vicar  General  examined  Ignatius  s'&ooV  of 
Spiritual  Exercifes ;  which  being  approven  of,  and  levcral  Queflions 

ask- 


Vol.  III.  of  the  Society  of  the  Je/uites. 


41? 


asked  at  iiimfelf  concerning  the  Myfleries  of  our  Faith  :  To  all 
whicli  he  having  given  folid  and  ortiiodox  Anfwers,  the  Sentence 
pronounced  a^ainH:  him  at  Alcala  was  renewed  ;  and  he  was  further 
enjoined,  for  tour  Years,  to  decide  nothing  concerning  the  different 
Qualities  of  Sins. 

Finding  fuch  Oppofition  in  S^ain,  Ignatius  refolved  to  leave  it 
and  go  to  France,  and  accordingly  he  went  all  alone,  upon  Foot, 
from  Salamanca  to  Varis^  where  he  arrived  in  the  Month  of  Febrvi- 
ary  1518,  with  a  firm  Refolution  to  finifli  his  Studies  there:  And 
to  make  fureWorkof  it,  he  was  not  afhamed  to  enter  himfclf,  now 
being  in  the  37th  Year  of  his  Age,  amongft  the  Boys  in  the  College 
of  Montague,  where  he  again  revifed  his  Grammar ;  but  bcin^  ex- 
tremely poor,  he  was  obliged  to  jiave  recourfc  to  the  Charity  of 
Strangers  for  his  Subfiflance :  At  length,  after  havin^  ftudied  his 
Humanity  for  18  Months  in  the  College  oi  Mont  ague, %g^  went  and 
finifhed  the  Courfe  of  his  Philofophy  at  the  College  of  St.  Barbe. 
But  whilft  he  was  ftudying'his  Thilofophy,  the  Zeal  that  he  had 
for  inflruding  others,  and  prefcribing  Pradiices  of  Devotion  to 
them,  involved  him  in  new  Difficulties ;  for  he  was  brought  before 
the  Inquifitor  General  oflrance,  Matthew  Ory,  and  accus'd  of  preach- 
ing, and  of  diverting  the  Scholars  from  their  ordinary  Studies,  by 
the  extraordinary  and  unufual  Prafticcs  of  Devotion  which  hetau^^ht 
them  :  By  his  dexterous  and  cunning  Management,  he  got  himfelf 
free  of  all  his  Encumbrances,  and  fpoke  to  the  Principal  of  the  Col- 
lege, oAnthony  Govea,  with  fuch  Wifdom  and  Humility,  that  the 
Principal,  in  flead  of  punifliing  him  feverely,  as  was  expecfted,  he 
fell  down  upon  his  Knees  and  begged  him  Pardon. 

Notwithflanding  of  all  thefe  Difficulties  that  our  Saint  was  in- 
volved in,  he  finiflied  the  Courfe  of  his  Philofophy,  and  afterwards 
tliat  of  his  Theology ,  and  formed  a  Society  of  Ten  Pcrfons,    who 
engaged  tliemfelves  to  one  another  by  a  folemn  Vow,  which  they 
made  in  the  Church  of  cPldontmatre,  the  1 5th  of  Augufi  1 524. 
Thefe  firfl  Companions  of  St.  Ignatius  were,  Peter  Faur,  of  the  Di- 
occfs  of  Geneva;   B-ancis  Xavier,  of  Navarre;   James  Lainez,,  of 
Sagunta;  j^lphonfus Salmeron,  o(  Toledo-,  Nicolas  BobadiUa,  o( Pa- 
lent^a  j    Simon  Roderick,  a  Portuguefe  :   And  fome  Time  after  them, 
Claud  Jay^    John  Codurio  and  Fafquier  'Broet,  of  Embrun.      Tiie 
Vow  that  they  made  in  the  Church  of  Montmatre,  after  Confcffion 
and  Communion,   was,    That  after  they  had  accomplifhed  thqir 
Courfe  of  Theology,    they  fhould  renounce  the  World,  to  live  in 
Poverty,  and  for  labouring  to  the  Glory  of  God  and  tli£  Good  qf 
Souls:  And  Laflly,  That  they  fhould  go  and  pret^ch  ilie  Gofpel  to 
tlie  Infidels ;  and  fhat  in  cafe  they  could  not  put  their  Refolution  in 
Execution,  tiiey  fhouW  prefent  thepnfclv^^  to  the  Pope,    and  offer 
their  Service  ,tp  hjrp,   without  any  Rcflri^ion,   in  every  Thino^  lie 
(houUJ  be  plcafed  to  employ  the^i  in.      They  renewed  this  ?^ow 
tvke.  after,  in  the  fame  J^hocvidpn  the  f^nc  Diy  of  the  Yean 

P  p  p  p  p  1  Igna- 


Ao.  I  597. 


4i8  The  Ujeof  JAMES   TAYRE, Vo'-  HI- 

hnatms  having  accomplifhed  his  Theology,  was  received  Mafldr 
/%*A-/-^  of  Arts  in  the  Year  1531.  Alter  this,  having  fallen  fick,  by  the  Ad- 
vj^v^  vice  o(  his  Phyficians  he  went  to  his  native  Country  for  the  Rcncfit 
of  the  Air,  in  the  Montli  o{  November  J  55  5'  Not  long  after,  lie 
found  that  Four  of  his  Companions  had  talccn  a  quite  different 
Courfeot  Life  from  what  tiiey  had  vowed :  FoiCalipus  had  become 
a  ricli  Merchant  by  his  Trading  to  the  Indies;  Caz^era,  in  fleaJ 
of  Renouncing,  was  living  in  the  Affluence  and  Abundance  of  the 
World  ;  y^rtuign  was  become  a  Bifhop,  and  the  young  Frenchman^ 
a  Monk  :  Yet  this  was  no  Difcouragcment  to  St.  IgnatinSy  who  funi- 
moncd  all  of  them  to  meet  \\\mdii  Venice)  which  they  accordingly 
did  in  the  Beginning  of  the  Year  1537. 

They  co.mc  in  the  Habits  of   Pilgrims,  each  of  them   having  a 
Knaplack  upon  his  Back,  in  which  was  their  Bible  and  their   Bre- 
viary, and  their  Rofiuv  about  their  Necks ;  being  arrived  at  Venice, 
and  having  conferred  together,    they  made  a  Vow  to  go  all  of 
them  to  Jeriifalem  in  Pilgrimage ;    but  it  was  thought  ex'pedienr, 
firft  to  obtain  the  Pope's  Permiilion   and  Benedidfion,    fo  away  to 
Rome  they  trooped  next,  all  of  them,  excepting  S.  Ignatius  who  re- 
mained at  Venice,  to  prepaie  Neceffaries  for  the  Voyage,  having 
eafily  obtained  their  Defire  from  the  Pope,  they  returned  to  Venice, 
in  order  to  imbark  there ;    but  the  War  breaking  out  betwixt  the 
Turks  and  the  Venetians^  they  could  not  find  any  Occafion  of  go- 
ine,  for  the  Levant;    whereupon  they  went  thro'  all  the  Venetian 
Territories,   pieachinf^  wherever  they  came:    And  having  by  Ap- 
pointment met  at  Vicenz^a,  Ignatius,  Larces  and  Salmeron,  were  fent 
Deputies  troin  the  refl  to  the  Pope,  with  the  Offer  of  their  Service, 
all  of  them  being  tiien  entrcd  into  the  Prieflhood.      As  they  were 
on  their  Journey  to  Rome,  St.  Ignatius  had  a  Vifion;   in  which  he 
thou5ht  he  faw  GOD  the  Father  recommending  him  to  his  Sonj 
and  7  E oVS,   who  had  his  Crofs  carrying  over  his  Shoulder,  up- 
on this  Recommendation,  turned  towards  St.  Ignatius,  and  faid  to 
him,   /  ivi//  be  favourable  to  you  when  you  come  to  Rome.     The  refl 
of  them  followed  not  long  after  j  and  the  Whole  of  them  were  pre- 
fcnt  at  Rome  in  the  Year  1538.     Durin^  their  Stay  at  Rome,    they 
were  accufed  of  feveral  Enormities  to  the  Governour;    but  upon  a 
ftricft  Examination,  he  found  them  all  Calumnies,  and  acquit  them 
by  a  legal  Sentence.     Upon  this  Ignatius^  Followers  increafed  dai- 
ly,   which  encouraged  him  in  his  Defign  of  forming  his  Society ; 
and  after  feveral  Meetings  and  Confultations,  they  thought  it  pro- 
per to  add  to  the  three  ordinary  Vows,   of  Chaflity,  Poverty  and 
Obedience,  a  Vow  of  Goin^  to  preach  the  Gofpel  to  the  Infidels, 
or  to  any  Country  where  the  Pope  fhould  command  them  to  go. 
The  Pope,  to  try  them,  demanded  fome  of  their  Society  ;   and  tlic 
King  of  Portugal  required,  that  fome  of  them  might  be  fent  to  the 
Indies  to  preacli  the  Gofpel  there  :  And  St.  Ignatius  made  choice  of 
Roderick  and  Xaverius;    who  were  fent  to  the  Indies,   where  tlicy 
converted  many  Thoufands  of  Souls.     At  length  Ignatius  propofed 

to 


I        ,1      -     — _^ — ^_.  

Vol.  III.  of  the    Society  of  the  jefuites. 


^19 


to  Pope  Faul  \\\.  then  refiding  at  Trivoli,  the  Approbation  oF  his 
new  Society;  and  the  Pope  recommended  it  to  aCoUe^e  ol:  Cardi-  f^<*^^«-^ 
nals :    At  flrft  it  met  with  great  Oppoficion,  efpeciallv  honi  Cardi-  ^''v^ 
na\  Gitcdici,    who  urged,   Tiiat  the   Numbers  oF  lleli^ious  Orders 
Averc  too  much  increafed  already;    but. at  laft  thcv  approved  ot  it. 
And  Pope  Paul  III  caufed  expede  a  Bull,  upon  the  17th  oi  Septem- 
ber 1540,  by  wliicli  he  approved  of  the  Inllitution  ot  that  Society 
under  the  Name  of  The  Society  of  J E  SVS;    providnig  always, 
that  their  Number  fhould  not  exceed  Sixty  :    But  by  a  fccond  Bull, 
of  the  14th  of  cy^Iarch  £545.    ''^  S*^^  *^'^^''"  i^»bcrty  to  admit  as 
many  as  they  pleafed,  with  a  Liberty  of  adding  to  their  former  Con- 
ftitutions,  what  particular  Conftitutions  they  plealed,  and  to  change 
them  as  they  pleafed. 

Stc  Ignatius  was  created  (General  of  this  new  Order,  in  the  Time 
df  Lent,  in  the  Year  1541 :  And  he  obtained  from  Pope  Paul  Hi 
many  Privileges,  and  amongft  the  reft,  that  ot  having  Spiritual  and 
Temporal  Coadjutors,  that  Ihould  be  only  bound  to'the  three  fim- 
ple  Vows  of  Poverty,  Chaftity  and  Obedience.  Pope  JuIih^  III 
confirmed  their  Conflitution,  by  a  Bull  dated  the  11  of  fuly  15 50; 
and  their  Privileges  by  another,  dated  the  2.1  of  Oclober  1552. 

This  Society  was  no  fooner  eftablifhed  by  the  Pope,  but  tliey 
fpread  through  the  whole  World:  Roderick  and  Xd%)eriHs,  as  we 
have  faid,  had  the  Indies  for  their  Province  5'  Exber  had  Gerrn.iny 
for  his  Sliarc  ;  oAraoeZj  went  to  Sp.iin;  LanieZj-,  Pafquier  and  Boba- 
dtlia,  liad  Italy  for  their  Province:  y£qt4ia  was  fent,  with  fome 
young  Companions,  for  France,  Sdlmeron  and  Pafquier\]ad  Britain 
and  Ireland;  and  not  lon^  afrer  Ignatius  Deatli,  which,  happened 
upon  the  laft  Day  of  JmJj  1555,  there  were  feverals  of  them  fcnc 
to  America  :  And  it  is  a  mofl:  (urpnfing  Tiling  to  confider  in  how 
fhort  a  Time  they  multiplied,  for  in  the  Year  1 545,  they  were  but 
in  all  88  ;  in  I5'45  they  had  10  Religious  Houfes;  in  1549,  they  liad 
2  Provinces,  one  in  Spain,  and  another  in  Portugd,  and  12.  Houfes  i 
in  1556,  after  the  Death  oi  Ignatius,  they  had  11  great  Provinces; 
in  the  Year  1688,  they  had  19  Provinces,  1  Vice-Provinces,  it 
Houfes  of  Profeffion,  19^  Colleges,  33  Houfes  of  Probation,  9_J 
Houfes  of  Refiddnce,  in  other  Parts,  and  10581  /c/«/>«:  And  in 
the  Catalogue  ol-  tlieir  Society  printed  ?.t  Rome  in  1679,  ^'^^X  ^^^^ 
2$  Provinces,  1  Vice-Provinces,  33  Houfes  of  ProfeHion,  578  Col- 
legcsy  48  Houfes  of  Probation,  88  Seminaries,  1 60  Houfes  ofRefi- 
clence,'iO(5  Miflions, and  17655  Jefuites,o{  which  7870  were Pricfls. 

Our    Author    was  no   fooner    entred    into  this  Order,    but  he 
was  firft  appointed  to  teach  Philofophy,    and  afterwards  Theology,'  He  ;>  mw. 
which  he  did  for  feveral  Years  with  great  Applaufe,  amongfl  them.  PMoVophr" 
His  Brother  bc'ng  ona  of  thofe  w'.io  embraced  the  Reformation  in  gy*  ^''"'°' 
Scotlmdy     our    Author  thought  himfelf  bound  in  Duty  to  endea- 
vour Ills  Rcuu(5lion  to  the  Rotnijh  Church)  and  for  that  End  wrote 
a  Letter  to  him,  wliich  he  caufed  print  at  Paris  in  the  Year  1568, 
in  tliii  Letter  he  endeavours,  from  ali  the  common  Topicks,  made 

Q,  q  q  q  q  ufe 


^p  The  Life  of  JAMES  TAYRE,  Vol.  llf. 

ule  of  by   the  Writers  of  that  Church,  to  vindicate  the  Church 

r^y"-^    of  Rome,  and  to  cxpofc  the  Reformation;  and  it  had  fuch  Succefs, 

C^-sr^'  that  many,  upon  the  Reading  of  it,  returned  again   to   the  Rornilh 

An Arcount Church,  which  made  Mr.  Knox  write  an  Anfwer  to  him;  and  in  the 

ofhiswoiki.  y^^j.  i^y^,  our  Author  wrote  a  Reply  to  Mr.  Knox.    Bcfidcs  thcfc 

Books,  1)empjlcr  tells  us,  that  our  Author  wrote  a  Book  upontho 

Antiquity  ot  the  Scots  Church,  which  Anthony  PofsevtrtU^s  mfcncd 

in  his  Bibliotheck.     In  this  Book  our  Author  gives  an  Account  of 

our  Kinc;    DO  N ALUs''  Conveifion  to   the  Chriftian  RcHgiori 

and  of  t'^lic  firll  Settlement  of  the  Chriflian  Religion  amonglt  Us. 

Vempflcr  likewifc  makes  mention  of  a  Commentary  of  his"  upon 

all  yinjJotles  Works,  extant  in  MJs.  in  fome  Library  at  Paris,  and 

another  Comnieiitary,    uiiicli    he  heard   was  publilhed  upon   the 

Scholaftick  Writings  of  S.  Thomas. 

Claudius  Q/[anavi'va  being  cliofen  General  of  the  Order  in  the 
He;. m.deYear  1581,  our  Author  was  chofen  his  Coadjutor-Adiftcr  for  Ger-. 
cadjutoreo  J  France;    and  fince  the  Society  was  blamed  for  their  in- 

t)fthe  Order.  |.g^^j^j,^,T  tliemfelves  too  mucU  in  State  Affairs,  and  upon  that  Ac- 
count ^uxtiled  as  the  Fomcnters  of  Rebellion  and. Seditiot>  where- 
prudent' Ad.  gyj.,.  (|,ey  came;  our  Author  advifed  the  General  to  call  an  univer- 
""""'"'"■ /:^1  Convocation  of  the  Order,  and  to  difcharge  them  from  med- 
lin"  in  Stace-aflairs ;  whicli  was  accordingly  done  :  And  they  iiaving 
me^  at  Rome  in  the  Year  1 593,  the  following  Decree  was  made  up- 
on the  4th  of  A/bw/z^/^fr  (^ 

Vt  ab  omni  (pecie  malt  abfttneatur,  (5  qmrehs  ettam  ex  falps  /«- 
fpici'onihm  pro^oenientihus,  pr^cipitur  nojlrts  omnibm,  in  'virtute  Jan^ 
ft£  ok(lienti.<,  &"  /«^  P^^^  inhabilitatis  ad  qm-vis  ojficia  ^  dignita- 
tes,  feu  prAlationes,  njoctfque  tarn  adti-va  cfuam  pafsivx,  privationes  ; 
ne  \m{piam  puhlxcis  CT  fecularit:m  Principum  negotiis,  ulla  rations 
fe  immifcere ;  nee  etiam,  quantum'vis  per  quofcunque  requifttus  aut  ro- 
Pntus,  ejufmodt  res  tradlandi  curam  Jujcipere,  audeat  njel  pr^fumat. 
Jdme  (erio  commendatur  Superiorihu^,  ne  permittant  nofiros-iis  reins 
uUo  modo  implicari ;  ^  ft  qtios  ad  ea  propenjos  Animadwrtent,  eos  loco 
mutandos  quamprimum  commutent,  ft  alicubi  ft  occafoy  wl  pericu- 
lumje  ejufmodt  impHcatiombus  irretiendi. 

That  is  to  fay, 

<To  the  end  that  we  m4j  abflain  from  all  that  may  appear  evil,  and 
that  we  may  obviate,  as  much  as  is  pofsible^aH  Complaints  or  falje  Sul- 
picions  that  may  arife  againfl  us;  We  commend  to  all  our  Soctety,  by 
virtue  of  their  holy  Obedience,  and  under  the  ^Penalty  of  their  being 
declard  uncapable  of  all  Offices,  Dignities  or  Superiorities,  oroflofng 
their  Votes  or  Suffrages,  either  adive  or  pafsive,  That  none  frefumCy 
in  any  manner  whatfomever,  or  at  the  Defre  or  Req»ef  of  others,  to 
wedle  zvith  the  puhlick  Negotiations  of  Secular  Princes.  And  we  firia^ 
ty  enjoin  and  recommend  to  all  Superiors,  that  they  permit  none  of  the 
Society  to  involve  themjdves,  an)  manner  of  Way,  in  fuc.'t  Apirs ; 
"^  '     and 


C4)  U  Uiechif.  do  Jdu.K.,  Lib.  3.   r.  ;44.   A  ViUe  f  rancht,  i«o».  i«  Sv». 


45 1 


An.  1597> 

vv  *- 


Vol.  III.  of  the  Society  of  the  Jefuites. 

md  if  they  find  any  of  them  inclined  that  way,  that  they  immediatd^t 
tranfport  them  to  feme  Other  Country,  if  thy  fee  that  there  is  Realon, 
or  Danger  of  their  bein£  entangled  in  fuch  ^ijficvdties. 

And  it  had  been  bappy  for  tlieu-  Society  and  all  Cliiidendomi 
that  they  had  ftiicflly  obferved  this  Decree:   But  as  for  Qur  Author' 
I  find  nothing  laid  to  his  Charge,    having  behaved  himfelf  wifely 
and  prudently  during  all  the  Time  of  Iiis  Management ;  and  died      "''P«'"" 
with  the  Reputation  of  Sandlity  amongft  them,  upon  the  zoth  Day  ''^*"'*'^"- 
of  cPWiW;,  1597.  '"  ^'^^  ^3^  ^^^^  of  his  Age. 

Ribadeneira,  in  liis  Catalogue  of  the  V/ritersof  the  Society  of  the 
Jefuites,  fays,  (a)  That  our  Author  was  a  PerCon  of  great  Wifdom 
and  Prudence,  and  well  fcen  in  Philofophy  and  Theokx^y.  Jaco- 
bus Tyrius  (fays  hej  natione  Scotusj  ingreffus  in  Societatem  circa  an* 
num  1565,  cum  ageret  10  Atatis,  prAflantem  invirum,  ^  Japientia 
ac  prudentia  clarum  evaftt ;  Philofophiam  ac  Theologiam  cum  laudi 
docuit,  noflrorum^ue  fiudia  moderatus  efi.  Prafuit  fociis  non  femel\ 
ac  demum  Claudio  prApofito  Generali,  pojl  Paulum  Hoffacum  ^Isi- 
flens  pro  Germania  ^  Gallia  /«/>,  donee  obiit  Romx,  die  'vicefmo 
Martii,   <*Anno  1579. 

"Dempfter  fays  (b),  That  he  was  well  feen  in  the  Greek  and  La-^ 
tin ;  a  moft  acute  Philofopher,  and  a  mod  folid  Divine ;  and  tliat 
no  JVIan  contributed  more  to  the  augmenting  of  true  Piety  and  the 
oppofing  of  the  Reformation,  than  he  did.  Jacobus  Tyrius  (fays 
he)  Gra;ce  Latineque  dodifsimtu,  Philofophus  xcutifsmius,  Thcolo- 
gus  gravifsimus;  tn  focietatem  Jefu  affurjptus,  docendo  ^  fcribenda 
plurtmum  contulit ;  tncrementi  njer^  ptetatis,  ^  h&refis  exttrpattoni 
adeo  indefejfo  labore  incubuit,  ut  nuUi  plus  Ecclefia  Scotica  puam  ei 
debuit.  Obiit  Phoenix  il/e  religioforumjandlifsima  vita  Romx,  ordi-' 
nisfui  Jf si  (lens  (ut  loquuntiir)  Anno  1592.    [He  ihould  have  laid 

George  Cori,  in  Iiis  Book,  Of  the  two-fold  State  of  Religion  amongft 
the  Scots,  fays  {c),  That  he  was  well  skill'd  in  all  the  Sciences ;  Tnac 
he  gave  a  deadly  Blow  to  the  Protcftant  Religion  in  his  Book  to 
his  Brother.  That  he  lived  and  died  in  the  Reputation  of  great 
Holinefs ;  and  that  he  left  behind  him,  in  the  Roman  CoUeL'e,  fe- 
veral  Monuments  of  his  Engine  worthy  of  Eternity,  which  were  ne-* 
ver  publiftied.     His  Words  are. 

Jacobus  Tyrius,  omnium  divinarum  atque  humanarum  fcientia  pe- 
ritus,  Jcripto  ad  f rat  rem  libeUo,  grave  h^refi  bellum  indtxit ;  ajuis 
etiameUttus,  ut  generali  ordinis  prxpofito,  in  Societatis  moderations 
adftjleret.  Qjtp  in  munere  it  a  vixit,  ut  non  fine- maxima  f and  it  atis 
optnione  Romx  fit  mortuus ;  relief  is  in  Romano  Collegia,  aignis  /eter- 
nitate  irtgenii  monumentis^    qu*  nimis  diu  public*  utUitati  debenture 

Q.q  q  q  q  i  The 


(«)  Rib. JtnCji.  Script  Soc.  J.C  L»t«Juii».i«o9.  In  ITO.     (0  Lib<  19.  P.(t<.    George  Co*  d»  DbpI.  Sut.   11,1,. 
tf\ti  ocoloi,  Li>i  *.    r.  Ivli  1 


4?' 


Jl^e  Ltjeof  j^MlLS   T  A  Y R  E,  Vol,  III. 


^.^/^  The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

I.  A    Letter  from  ^^wf/  Tayre  to  his  Brother  in  Scotland,   Pari- 
j\,  fits,  1 568.  tn  8i;o. 

II.  The  Refutation  of  an  Anfwer  made  be  Schir  John  Knox,  to  an 

Letter  fent  be  Jawes  Tayre  to  his  umquhile  Brother :  Set  forth 
be  "/arnes  Tayre,  Tari/iis,  apud  Thomam  JSrumenium,  in  cUu- 
fo  Brnnello,  Jd  Jigno  OliVA.  1575.  ^"  ^'^''• 

IJL  De  yintiquitate  Eccleft&  Scoticac,  mod  AnthoniusPoflevinus/w^ 
BihUotheCy    Ltb.     16.  Cap   5.  inferait. 

IV.  In  omnia  Ariftotehs  opera  Comment  ar,  Mfs.  Pari  fits* 

V.  Jn  omnia  T>-  Thomae  Scholajlica. 


THE 


Vol.  III. 


4;i 


THE  ,^j-'^^ 


LIFEofMr.   ROBE RT  ROLLOC I{ 

Principal  of  the  College  of  Edinburgh. 

THIS   Gentleman  was  Son  to  'David  Rollock  of  Hii  bjio.: 
Too-Houfe,    hard    by  Stirlmg;    he    was  born  in  iT^'.'Z!' 
1555,  and  taught    his  Grammar    under  one  Mr. 
Tljornas  Buchanan,    who  was  at    that  Time  one 
of  tlie  moft  famous  Grammarians  in  Scotland  5  and 
he  was  taught  his  Philofophy  at  tlic  Univerfity  of 
St.  Andrews  (a) ;  where  he  made  fuch  a  wonderful  Progrefs  in  his 
Studies,  that  he  no  fooner  received  the  Degree  of  Maftcr  of  Arts,  than 
he  was  cliofeii  to  be  ProfefTor  of  Philofophy  in  S.  Sahators  College,   He  is  mn 
where  he  himfelf  had  fludicd,  he  taught  Philofophy  at  St.  Andrews  JvMotph,'^ 
till  the  Year  158?.  Not  long  before  this,  to  wit,  in  the  Year  15885  w/'* 
the  Magiftrats  of  the  City  of  Edinburgh,  having  addreffed  King 
•James  the  VI.  for  the  Liberty  of  Eredting  an  Univerfity,    he  gran- 
ted them  a  Charter,  under  the  Great  Seal,  allowing  them  the  full 
Liberty,  and    Privilege  of  an  Univerfity  within  their  Town ;  and 
the  Foundation  being  perfedled  in  the  Year  1581,     they  made 
choice  of  our  Author,  to  be  their  Principal  and  ProfefTor  of  Divi- plMJ.T'^^^f 
nity;  but,  when  he  entred  into  Orders,  and  by  whom  he  was  or-^;;',^* 
dain'd,  neither  the  Author  of  his  Lifer^tior  any  of  our  Hiflorians 
vcive  an  Account  of:  But  he  became  vd'ry  Famous  for  his  Lcdi:ures 
in  Divinity,  and  for  the  great  Talent  he  had  in  preaching ;  and 
Calderwood  tells  us  (b),  That  he  and  Mr.  Mert  Bruce,  in  the  158Q, 
made  the  Earl  of  Bothwel  fo  fenfible  of  his  finful  and  virions  Lif^, 
that  upon  the  9th  of  November,  he  humbled  himfelf  upon   his 
Knees,  in  the  Forenoon,  in  the  Eafl  Church,  and  in  the  High  Church, 
in  the  Afternoon ;  and  with  Tears  in  his  Eyes,  '  confefled  before 
the  People   his  diffolute  and  licentious  Life;     and   promifcd  to 
prove  another  Man  in  time  to  come.     And  in  the  Year  1595,  he 
was  one  of  thofe  that  was  nominat  by  the  States  of  Parliament,  for 
conferring  with  the'  Pofifh  Lords ;  for  he  was  remarkable  for  his 
Zeal  aeainl^  Popery }  1  and  the  next  Year,  he  was  one  of  thofe  who  g.l'^^^J;; 
were  appointed    by  the  Alfembly  met  at  Edinburgh,  in  the  Month 
oicMay,  to  prcfent  a  Paper  to  his  Majcfly,  intituled,  The  Dangersi 
whtch  through  the  Impunity  of  the  excommunicated  Papifts,  Traff'eck- 
ers  with  the  Spaniards  and  other  Enemies  oj  the  Religion  and  Eftatei 
(ire imminent  to  the  true  Religion  profejfed  within  this  Realm,his  Mt^ 
icflys  Perjon,   Crown  and  Liberty  of  this  our  native  Counnry.     In  ^  ^^  .^  ^^^ 
-the  Year  1595.  he  was  nominated  one  of  the  CoramilTioners   for  ^«^a  .h. 
t\\Q  Vifitation  of  Colleges,   being  impowered  to  meet  on  the  iirft  J-^^um^^fr 
Day  of  January  1590,  and  to  try  and  confider  the  Dodttinc*  Life  \..i. 


^;,  VicaH.  Kol.  taiob*  1)99  !■  liino.  U).  Ad  An« 


^  The  Life  of  Mr.  ROBERT  ROLLOCK,  Vol.  Iff. 

and  Diligence  of  the  Mafters  of  the  Colleges,    the  Dirdpline  and 
/s^N^^    Order  uled  by  them,  the  Eftate  of  their  Rents  and  Living,  and  lo- 
t^v'C    make  their  Report  to  the  next  Affcmbly.    In  the  Year  15^5,  a  Con- 
trovcrfy  arifine  betwixt  the  Minifters  and  the  Kine,  upon  the  Ac- 
count of  the  fadtious  Behaviour  of  Mr.  David  Black  Miniftcr  of 
St.  u4ndrtws;    our  Author  was  chofen,  upon  the  Account  o(  his 
Moderation,  with  fome  others,  to  foften  the  King's  Refentnicnrs  of 
their  Behaviour  towards  him,  and  to  endeavour  to  turn  hi's  Wrath 
againft  the  Papijts;  yet  notwitftanding  of  his  being  cftconied  one 
of  the  moft  moderate  Men  amongft  them,  yet  he  dipt  too  much  m 
the  Cafe  of  Mr.  "Black;   and  in   Concurring    with  the  Red  ot  ti.e 
fadious  Minifters,  till  it  plcafcd    God  to  open  his   Eyes,  and  let 
him  fee  the  Wickednefs  and  Folly  of  thefe  Ways;  and  ntnwJthltaii- 
ding,  that  he  preach'd  and  taught  Divinity  all  this  lime*  ycc  .\//c- 
tijwood  afTures  us  (a),  That  he  was  not  as  yet  in  Holy  Ord.r'..  tho' 
NojJ'.^.*'*  they  made  choice  of  him  to  be  the  Moderator  of  an  Aflembly  that 
S\A&X  met  at  Dundee  in  the  Month  of  e^ay  1 597. 

In  this  Adembly,  the  firft  Thing  done  was  an  Exhortation  or  Set- 
•Mht/2--'"' mon,  made  by  Mr.  Rol^ert  Pont,  the  Moderator  to  the  lall  AiIlih. 
fcmbiy.      ^\y  .  xlien  Mr.  Thomas  Nicelfon  was  chofcn  Clerk  j  and  an  Order 
pafs'd,  That  at  the  Penning  of  every  A(fl  there  (hould  be  Tome  Bre-< 
thren  prefent  with  the  Clerk.     Then  they  made  choice  of  (ji:r  Au- 
thor for  their  Moderator.      And  thefe  were  the  Proceedings  of  t!ic 
firft  three  ScfTions.     The  4th  and  5th  Seflions  were  taken  up  in  Con- 
ferences about  fome  former  Aftemblies.      In  the  6th  Seilion,    the 
Minifters  that  were  appointed  to  confer  with  the   Earls  ot  Htititly^ 
^ngussLnd  Errol,  who  had  been  excommunicated,  made  a  Ivcporc 
of  dieir  Diligence  to  the  AfTemblyj    and  produc'd  a  humble  iiup- 
plication  to  the  Aflembly,    fubfcribed  by  them,    under  tiieir  own 
Hands,  requeftine  that  they  would  receive  them  again  into  the  Bo- 
fom  of  the  Church,  upon  their  giving  Satisfaction;   which  was  ac- 
cepted ot :    And  the  fame  Commiftioners  were  appointed  to  meet 
at  a  certain  Time,    to  abfolve  them  from  the  Sentence  of  Excom- 
munication,   they  giving  due  Satisfadion  according  to  their  Pro- 
iTiife.     In  the  yih  Seftion,  there  were  feveral  Queftions  proponed ; 
and  the  following  Anfwers  given  to  them :    Firft,  They  approved 
of  the  General  Aflembly  at  Perth^   held  in  the  Month  of  February 
1596.     And  Mr,  Petrie  fays,     That  one  of  the  Reafons  moving 
the  Brethren  to  acknowledge  the  Lawfulnefs  of  that  Affembly,  was 
founded  upon  this,    That  the  Commiflioners  of  the  Church  had  a- 
greed  with  his  Majefty  therein,     idly.  His  Majefty  having  craved, 
that  before  the  Conclufion  of  any  weighty  Matter  his  Highnefss 
Advice  and  Approbation  fliould  be  had  thereto ;  the  Aflembly  find- 
ing that  his  Majefty  was  a  moft  religious  Prince,   and  that  his  de- 
clar'd  Will  and  Intention  was,    to  frame  his  Laws  and  whole  Go- 
vernment according  to  the  eftablifh'd  Religion  of  the  Land  and  the 
Word  of  God,  they  agreed  to  his  Majefty's  Defirc     3dly.  It  being 


re- 


(*)5  3-   ?*B«3J>-. 


Vol.  III.  Trincipal  of  the  College  of  Edinburgh.  43  j 

required,  that  no  Man's  Name  fhould  be  expreffed  in  the  Tulpit, 
unlcfs  it  be  for  notorious  Crimes ;  the  Anembly  agreed  to  it,  but  j^J"^ 
they  explained  tliefe  Things  to  be  notorious,  which  could  not  be  ^-'V^* 
concealed  by  any  Tergiverfation.  4thly.  It  being  required,  that 
no  Convention  of  Minifters  fhould  be  without  his  Maiefty's  Con- 
lent  ;  'twas  declared  to  be  extended,  to  all  and  to  wliatfoever  Form 
ol  General  AlTemblies,  or  leflcr  Aflemblies,  permitted  and  autho- 
rized by  his  Law,  and  as  they  have  Warrant  in  tlie  Word  of  God ; 
as  being  the  moft  authentick  Form  of  Confent  that  any  Kin<T  can 
give.  5thly.  It  being  required,  that  Paflors  fhould  be  provided 
to  Burghs;  they  declare.  That  whereas  his  Majefty  was  content,  and 
promifed,  that  where  the  General  Affembly  findeth  it  neceffary  to 
place  any  Perfon  or  Perfons  in  any  of  the  laid  Towns,  his  Majefty 
and  the  Flock  fhall  either  give  their  Confent  thereunto,  or  a  lufh- 
cient  Reafon  of  their  Refufal,  to  be  proponed  either  to  the  whole 
Affembly,  or  to  a  competent  Number  of  the  Commiflioners  there- 
of, as  his  Majefly  fhall  think  expedient,  dthly.  As  to  the  Ordina- 
tion of  Minifters,  the  Affembly  ordained,  That  there  fhould  be  an. 
Uniformity  in  the  Ordination  of  Minifters  throughout  the  Country, 
by  Impofition  of  Hands;  and  that  they  be  admitted  to  certain 
Flocks,  upon  the  which  the)  fhall  be  aftridled  to  attend,  accord- 
ing to  A<5ts  of  Aflemblies  made  before:  And  ordains,  That  noix 
who  is  not  admitted  to  the  Miniftry,  be  permitted  to  teach  in  pub- 
lick  or  great  Places,  except,  upon  very  urgent  Neceflity,  in  defect  of 
adual  Minifters,  they  be  ordained  to  fupply  fuch  Wants  by  the 
Presbyteries,  Provincial  or  General  Affembles,  who  fhall  take  dili- 
gent Order  to  keep  themfelves  within  the  Bounds  of  his  Gift,  e- 
Ipecially  in  Application,  ythly,  They  order,  that  no  Paftor  cxerce 
any  Jurifdidlion,  either  in  making  Conftitutions  or  leading  Pro- 
ccfTes,  without  Advice  and  Concurrence  of  Seffion,  Presbytery,  Pro- 
vincical  or  General  Affembly.  8thly,  That  all  Seftions  be  elecfted 
with  Confent  of  their  own  Congregation,  pthly,  That  all  Sefti- 
ons, Prsbyteries,  and  Provincials  ufe  fuch  Form  in  all  their  ProcefTcs 
as  may  be  found  Lawful  and  Formal,  and  able  to  abide  Trial,  the 
which  fhall  be  regiftrated  in  Matters  of  Importance ;  and  for  that 
Etfed,  they  ordained  the  Proceedings  of  private  Seftions,  to  be 
viewed  by  the  PresbytrieS;  the  Presbytries,  by  the  Synods ;  and  tJie 
Synods,  by  the  General  AfTemblies.  iothly,Thatin  the  Exercife,  when 
the  Minifters  are  conveened  at  their  Presbyteries,no  Application  fhall 
be  ufed.  iithly,  That  in  the  Determination  of  Matters  of  Impor- 
tance, where  tjie  Votes  fhall  be  different  by  i  or  j  only,  nothing 
fhall  be  concluded  till  they  come  to  a  better  Refolution  ;  and  thac 
in  tliis  Cafe,  they  wlio  fuflain  the  Negative  muft  give  rationcm  n'c- 
aandi.,  the  Reafon  for  their  diftenting.  ilthly,  The  Presbyteries 
fhall  meddle  with  nothing  in  their  Judicatory,  which  ftiall  not  be 
found,  without  Controverfy,  proper  to  tlie  Ecclefiaftical  Judgment, 
and  that  in  this,  an  Uniformity  is  to  be  kept  thro'  all  the  Nation, 
/jthly.  That  all  Proccffe*  andMs  be  extradled  unto  all  Parties, 

R.  r  r  r  r  z  having 


^6  n^c  Life  of  c^Mr.KOBhKT    ROLLOCK.  Vol.  Iff. 

havin"    Intcrcft,  where  there  is  a  written  Proccfs.     I4thly,   They 
r*^^    bein/ required    to   give  their   Judgement    concerning   fummary 
>^V^     Excommunication,    they  delayed  it    to  the  next   AfTcmbly ;     but 
in   the    Mean-time  they  fufpendcd  all    fummary    Hxcommunica- 
tion;  but  they  ordered,  that  in  great  Crimes,  a  publick  Intimation 
fKould  be  made,  and  that  thofe  that  were  guilty  of  them  fhould  be 
fufpendcd  rt/^cr/^,  and  prohibited  ^ /'r/t;rt/o  convUiu.  h\\(\,  Lafi- 
/y,  If  anv  Presbytery  Diall  be  defired  by  a  miftive  Letter    from  his 
Maicftv,'  to  put  a  Stop  to  their  Proceeding  in  any  Thing  that  may 
feem  prejudicial  to  the  Civil  Jurifdi(5tion,    or  private  Mens  Right, 
they  ordered,  that  in  that  Cafe  the   Presbytery  fhould  defifl,  until 
they  fatisfied  his  M.ijcfly.     In  the  9th  Sefhon,  the  King  being  pre- 
fcnt,  and  having  in  a  Speech  reprefented  to  them  the  many  Things, 
that  he  earncflly  wilhed   might  be  redrefted  in  the  Church,  whicli 
could,  not  at  this  Time  be  conveniently  done,  wherefore  he  moved, 
that  a  "cncral  Commiflion  fhould  be  given  to  fome  of  the    Bre- 
thren,   to  confer  with  him  about  thefe  Matters,  which  they  agreed 
to:  And  14  Miniftcrs  were  named  to  concur  with  his  Majefty,  or 
any  7  of  them  in  making  fuch  Overtures,  as  they  fhould  think  mofl 
proper    for  the  Good  of  the  Church.    The  Presbytery  of  St.  An- 
drews, having  excommunicated  one  John  Rutherfoord,  and  his  Cafe 
beinf»  broufrht  before  the  Aflembly,    it  was  -referred  to  the  above- 
named  ConimilTioners;  as  likewife  the  Petition  of  James  Wood  of 
'Bonnington,  requiring  a  Conference  in  Matter  of  Religion,  betwixt 
him  and  his  Father,  that  lie  m.ight  be  abfolvcd  from  the  Sentence 
of  Excommunication:  After  this  they  rofc,  and  the  next  Affembly 
was  appointed  to  meet  at  Stirling,  upon   the  firfl  Tnejday  of  May 
1 508.  '  In  the  8  SefTlon  of  this  Alfembly,  it  was  ordained.  That  no 
Reader  minifler  the  Sacrament  of  Baptifm,  or  prefume  to  celebrat 
the  Banns  of  Marriage,  without  fpecial  Command  of  the  Minifter 
of  the  Kirk,  and  if  there  be  no  Minifler,  of  the  Presbytery  of  the 
Bounds.     And  that  this  A(ft  fhould  be  intimated  at   every  Parifh 
Kirk,  that  none  might  pretend  Ignorance. 

Our  Author  was  one  of  the  14  Minift:ers,that  was  appointed  by 
polltea  CM  tliis  Affembly  to  take  Care  of  the  Affairs  of  the  Church  j  and  the 
miflion.'iX"'  f^rfl:  Thing  that  they  did,  was  to  procure  an  A(5l  of  Parliament  for 
ihe''Afta?»of  Prelates  voting  in  Parliament.  The  Tenor  whereof,  is  as  follows  (a), 

the  Chuish. 

^Ur  Sovereign  Lord,  and  his  Highnefs's  Eflates  in  Parliament, 
havinfT  fpecial  Confideration,  and  Regard  of  the  great  Pri- 
vileges and  Immunities,  granted  by  his  Highnefs's  PredecefTors,  of 

•  moft  worthy  Memory,  to  the  Holy  Kirk  within  this  Realm,  and  to 
'  the  fpecial  Perfons  exercing  the  Offices, ,  Titles  and  Dignities  of 
'  Prelacies  within  the  fame,    which  Perfons  have  ever  reprefented 

•  one  of  the  Eftates  of  this  Realm  in  all  Conventions  of  the  faid 
'  Eflates,  and  that  the  faid   Privileges,  and    Freedoms  have  been 

•  from  Time  to  Time  renewed,  and  conferred  in  the  fame  Integri- 

^ 'jy_ 

(«),  Vid:  Ctld.  Hilt,  l-iie  412. 


o 


Vol.  in.  Principal  of  the  College  oj  Edinburgh.  ^j- 

ty  and  Condition,  vlfhereirt  they  were  at  any  Tlrtie  before}  Co  that 
his  Majcfty  ack-nowledging  the  fame  now  to  be  fallen,  and  come  'J^f^ 
under  his  Majefty's  mod  favourable  Proteiflion  ^  therefore  his  Ma-  v>vO 
iefty,  of  his  great  Zeal  and  finc^ular  Affedlion,  which  he  always 
hath  to  the  Advancement  of  the  true  ReDgion,  prefently  profeffed 
within  this  Realm,  with  Advice  and  Confent  of  his  Highnefs's  E- 
ftates,  ftatutes,  decerns  and  declares,  That  the  Kirk  within  this  Re- 
alm, wherein  tlie  fame  Religion  is  pfofeffed,  is  tiie  True  and  Holy 
Kirk ;  and  that  fuch  Paftors  and  Minifters  within  the  fame,  as  ac 
any  Time  his  Majcfty  fhall  pleafe  to  provide  to  the  Office,  Place, 
Title,  and  Di^^nity  of  a  Bilhop,  Abbot  or  other  Prelate,  (hall  it  any 
Time  hereafter  have  Vote  in  Parliament,  ficklike  and  as  freely  as 
any  other  Ecclefiaftical  Prelate  had  any  Time  bygoi\e.  And  alfo 
declares,  That  all  and  whatfomever  Bifhopricks,  prefently  vaking  in 
his  Majcfty's  Hands,  which  arc  yet  undifponeJ*  to  anv  Perfon,  oc 
which  (hall  happen  at  a:ny  time  hereafter  to  vake,  fhall  be  only  dif- 
ponedbyhisMajcfty,  to  adual  Preachers  and  Miniftersin  the  Kirk, 
or  to  fuch  other  Perfons,  as  fliall  be  found  apt,  and  qualified  to 
exercife  the  Office  and  Fundtion  ot  a  Miniftcr  and  Preacher;  and 
who,  in  their  Provifions  to  the  faid  Bifhopricks,  fhall  accept  in 
and  upon  them  to  be  a(5lual  Paftors  and  Mmiftcrs,  and  according 
thereto,  fhall  pradife  and  exerce  the  fame  thereafter. 
♦  Itemy  As  concerning  the  Office  of  the  faid  Perfons  to  be  pro^ 
vided  to  the  faid  Bifhopricks,  in  their  Spiritual^  Policy  and  Go- 
vernment in  the  Kirk;  the  Eftates  of  Parliament  have  remitted, 
and  remit  the  fame  to  the  King's  Majefty,  to  be  advifed,  conful- 
ted  and  a^^reed  upon  by  his  Highnefs,  with  the  General  Affembly 
of  the  Minifters,  at  fuch  Times  as  his  Majefty  fhall  tliink  Expedi- 
ent to  treat  with  them  thereupon ;  without  Prejudice  always,  in 
the  mean,  time,  of  the  Jurifdiaion  and  Difcipline  of  the  Kirk, 
eftablifhed  by  Ads  of  Parliament  made  in  any  Time  pteceeding, 
and  permitted  by  the  faid  Acfts  to  all  General  and  Provincial  Af- 
femblics,  and  others  whatfoevcr,  Presbyteries  and  Scflions  of  the 

After  the  Commiffioners  of  the  General  AfTcmbly  had  obtained 
this  Aa  to  pafs  in  the  Church's  Favours,  they  prevailed  with  the 
King  to  appoint  an  AlTembly  to  be  held  in  ^arch ;  and  our  Au- 
thor was  appointed  to  acquaint  all  the  Presbyteries  of  the  Kingdom 
of  it,  whicli  he  did  by  the  following  CircuUr  Letter. 

Grace  and  Peace  from  GOD,  the  Father 
of  our  Lord  Jeftis  Chrijl. 

BEloved  Brethren,  Js  wt  have  found  Continuance  of  c^erp,  *rt  ^Uisan^^ 
pacing  the  Defolation  which  was  already  begun^    according  to  j^«.^p«*r^ 
many  Threat mngs,  againfi  the  Contempt  of  this  Land ;  jo  we'C^" 
fee.  thro'  Lack  of  due  Con/fderation  and  Brefight  in  fuch  as  princt- 

"^  Sffff  p<^^b 


458  The  Life  of  Mr.  ROBERT  ROLLOCK,  Vol.  Hf. 

pally  fhonld  ha-ve  the  wojl  tender  Car'e  of  this  Work,   and  partly  thro 
f^'^^    the  (liltile  Ways  of  dijjembling  Iriends,  good  Occafions  are  likely  to  be 
t^V^    turned  to  our  Hurt,  unlejs  Remedy  be  wifely  provided  in  Time  :    For 
this  Caufe,    we  have  thought  it  needful,    and  by  Conjent  of  his  (^Ma- 
iejly,  concluded,   Tljat  the  General  J\jembly  which  was  ordained  to 
be  in  May,  fhould  hold  the  fir fl  Tuefday  of  March  next  at  DimcJec; 
for  preventing  of  Jnconveniencies  that  Delay  of  Time  might  drazv  to 
further  Evil,  and  for  taking  folid  Re(olutions  in  fuch  Things  as  are 
necejjary  to  be  deliberated  upon  concerning  the  Kirk's  Vote  in  Parlia^ 
went,  and  fome  other  necejjary  Points :    Whereanent,  for  your  better 
Information,  we  have  thought  expedient  to  acquaint  you  with  the  Ef- 
fect of  our  Travails  here  at  this  Time,    according  as  it  has  been  the 
continual  Cuflom  of  the  Kirk,  at  Parliaments,  to  crave  jucb  Things 
as  were  found  necejjary  to  pafs  in  Law  for  their  Well  and  Privileges ; 
jo,  with  the  d/^dvke  of  divers  Commifsioners  of  Presbyteries,  we  find 
it  requifite  to  infijl  in  fuch  Articles  as  have  been  craved  by  theKirk 
at  Parliaments  m  Times  pafi ;   and  namely,  we  urged  the  Article  a- 
nent  the  Kirk's  Vote  in  Parliament,    and  the  aydrticle  anent  the  uni- 
verjal  Provifion  of  the  whole  Kirks  with  Stipends:  In  both  ive  find 
great  Oppofition  by  the  far  greate^  Part  of  the  Lords;  but  the  King  s 
Mxjejly  convey  d  our  Suit  with  fuch  Wifdom  and  T)exterity  in  our 
Favours,  that  in  end,  after  many  hard  Reajonings,  his  Majeffy  pro- 
cured, that  he  mi^ht  difpone  the  whole  great  'Benefices  to  Miniflers,  and 
that  fuch  Miniflers  as  fijould  be  admitted  thereto,  fhould  have  Vote ; 
luithout  Prejudice  always  to  the  prefent  Difcipline  and  Jurijdiilion 
of  Kirk  in  any  Part;  as  ye  will  under  ft  and  by  the  A6t  it  \elf,  whereof 
zve  have  jent  you  here  a  Copy ;   which  his  Majefty  thinks  fhafi  be  a 
(^ea^,  m  fhort  time,    to  vindicate  the  Mmiftry  from  their  prefent 
Contempt  and  Poverty :  And  this  is  already  perceived,  to  their  Grief., 
by  many  who  fear  their  Hurt  in  our  Credit.      For  this  Caufe,  we  have 
been  earneftly  recfuefted  by  fundry  of  the  luijeft  of  all  Eftates,   who 
rnoft  favour  the  good  Caufe,    that  without  Scruple  zve  fkould  accept 
this  good  Occafion :   The  which  Point  of  prefent  Acceptation  was  «r- 
ged  by  the  Lords  fo  ftraitly,   that  unlejs  we  would  prefent ly  give  our 
Conjent  thereto,  in  name  of  the  Kirk,    they  would  not  fuffer  the  fore- 
faid  Aff  to  pafi  in  our  Favours  j  yet  his  Majefty  was  fo  favourable 
towards  us,   and  fo  careful  to  fave  our  Credit  and  efchew  Offence., 
that  by  his  Mofen  all  is  rejervd  free  to  this  oAjjembly  for  our  Part. 
Therefore  we  befeech  you.   Brethren,  to  have  regard  hereof  loith  fuch 
Wtfdom  and  Care  as  is  necejjary  in  a  Matter  of  fo  great  Importance, 
and  jend,  in  Commifsion  to  the  faid  Ajembly,  the  rnoft  wife,  grave, 
and  of  be  ft  Credit  and  Experience  among  you,  jo  far  as  Infirmity  and 
Age  may  fufter,    that  good  Occafion  may  be  ufed  at  this  Time,  as 
that  the  Good  may  be  taken  without  any  Hurt,  fo  far  as  it  is  pojsible. 
Anent  the  Plate,  and  Trovtfions  of  Stipends,  at  every  Kirk  Commif- 
fion  is  given  to  a  Number  of  Lords  and  Mmiftcrs,    who  are  to  ejjay 
that. Work  with  all  Diligence,  and  to  crave  your   further  Help  in  the 
hjormation  anent  the  Eftate  of  the  Kirks ;   wh'hh  therefore  you  fhafi 

take 


sne  of  tb« 
Counfellora 


Vol.111.  TriMcipal  of  the  College  of . 'Edinhutgh.  ^^g 

i^ke  pains  to  have  in  Readinefs,  as  ye  (hall  be  required,  upon  the  next 
^d'vertijcment.      Hoe  Lord  direct  you  in  all  Sincerity  and  Wifdon?^  rsAu^ 
that  you  way  find  a  Blefsing  upon  your  Labours  always,      from  £din-  nJ\^ 
burgh,  the  lid  Day  of  Dccembciy  1597. 

Tour  "Brethren  and  Fellow-labourer Sy  the  Commijsioners  of  the 
General  oJJfembly,  and  in  their  Name  and  Comwandy 

e^r.  ROBERT  ROLLOCK. 

Moderator  of  the  General  Affembly. 

Not  long  after  this,  the  King  finding  the  Affairs  of  the  New  Col- 
lege at  St.  Andrews  in  great  Diforder ;  for  the  better  husbanding  ^„.,..„„„ 
ot  the  Rents,  as  well  in  that  as  in  the  otiier  Colleges,  'twas  ordain-  ^^■■f^'^'- 
ed,  Tiiat  there  fhould  be  a  Council  chofen  to  the  Univerfity,  which  "^'ypfsu 
Ihould  have  Power  to  eledl  an  OEconomtu  in  every  College,  for  up-  *^''*' 
lifting  the  Rents,  and  taking  care  to  fee  all  Things  rightly  admi- 
niftred.  And  our  Author  was  appointed  to  be  one  of  the  Coun- 
fellors:  And  without  the  Confent  and  Subfcriptions  of  theCeCoun- 
fellors,  it  was  not  lawful  for  tliem  to  fet  any  Leafe,  or  make  other 
Difpofitioh  whatfoever  of  any  Part  of  the  Rents. 

And  left  they  (hould  be  impeded  by  any  other  Employment ;  \t 
was  concluded,  That  all  tlie  Dodlors,  ProfefTors  and  Regents,  noc 
being  Paftors  in  the  Churcli,  fhould  be  exempt  from  the  keeping 
of  Seffions,  Presbyteries,  Synodical  or  General  AlTcmblies,  and 
from  all  Teaching  in  Churches  and  Congregations,  Exercifes  ex- 
cepted ;  with  a  Difcharge  to  all  and  every  one  of  them,  to  accept 
of  any  Commiffion,  prejudicial  to  the  faid  Execution,  not  prejudg- 
ing the  other:  Yet,  that  they  fhould  not  be  thought  excluded  from 
the  General  AfTcmbly,  it  was  appointed,  That  theMafters  and  Re- 
gents of  the  Univerfly  fhould  meet,  when  any  fuch  Occafion  fhould 
offer,  and  condefcend  upon  three  Pcrfons,  of  whom  one  fhould  be 
elcded  by  die  forefaid  Council,  to  be  prefent  at  the  General  Af^ 
fembly  for  that  Year ;  wliich  Peifon  fo  chofen  fhould  not,  for  the 
Space  of  three  Years  thereafter,  be  employed  in  that  Commiffion. 
And  tlicfe  ilrticles  being  publickly  and  openly  read,  in  Prefence  of 
the  Kin^  anid  the  whole  Univerfity,  they  were  accepted  by  the  Ma- 
flcrs  and  Reg'.ents  with  folemn  Promife  of  Obedience. 

By  tlie  Afie.mbly  which  met  at  Dundee  the  next  Year,  our  Author 
was  appointctl  as  one  of  their  Commiffioners  that  were  to  meet 
with  the  King,   to  confer  upon  the  Aflairs  of  the  Church;    and  by    H.«c«n- 
his  wife  and  piudent  Conduct,    he  reconciled  the  King  to  the  fa-  ?o''hc'Mii^i: 
dious  Miniflcrs  oi  Edinburgh,  who  had  been  difcharg'd  from  Preach-  w^'j,°'"^ 
ing  upon  the  acc'.ountof  dieir  rebellious  Sermons.     And  Archbifhop 
Spotifwood  inforn  is  us  (a),  Tiiat  he  was  one  of  Four  that  was  added 
to  thcfc  Miniflers  oi  Edinburgh  i    and  was  appointed  likewife  one 

Slfff  1  of 


^         The  Ltfcofc^r.  KOBEKT   ROLLOCK.  Vol.m. 

of  the  CommilT^oncrs  for  planting  the  reft  of  the  Churches  in  the 


^>r^    Kingdom 


v^V^         This  learned  Gentleman  publifhed,  during  his  own  Life,  a  Com- 
mentary upon  the  firft  Book  o(  Theodore  Bez^a\  Queftions;  a  Com- 
dr"hi)\vro"kl  nientarv  upon  the  i:piftle  oi  Paul  to  the  Ephe/Ians,    printed  at  E- 
dtnburgh,  in  4/e,   I  590.  A  Commentary  upon  the  Prophet  Danitl, 
printed  at  Edidur^h,  in  4/0,   1591-     A  Logical  Analyhs  upon  the 
Epiftle  of  St.  Pant  to  the  Romans,    in  8a'0,  at  Edmlurgh,    1 594. 
Some  Qiicftions  and  Anfwcrs,  concerning  the  Covenant  of  Grace 
and  the  Sacramento,  in  81^0,  at  Edmbtirghy    1596.     A  Trcatifc  of 
Erte(ftual  Calling,  in  S'l'o,  at  Edmbur^h,     I597-     A  Commentary 
upon  the  Lpiftlcs  of  St.  Paul  to  the  Tljejjalonians  and  Philemon^  m 
^qjo,  at  Goicvai  1597-     ^  Commentary  upon  15  feletft  P(alms,  in 
^^Oy  ixi  Geneva,    1598.      A   Commentary  upon  tlie' Gofpel  of  St. 
7o/;//,    with  a  Harmony  of  the  Four  Evangelifts  upon  the  Death, 
Refurrctftion  and  Afcenlion  ot  J  ejus  Chrift,  in  8w,  at  Geneva,  1 599. 
Certain  Sermons  on  feveral  Places  of  St.  Paul's  Epiftles,  in  8'vo, 
Hit  Edinburgh,   1 598. 

BcHdcs  thcfe,  which,  as  we  have  faid,  were  all,  ormoftof  them, 
publifhcd  in  our  Author's  Life-time  ;  there  were  publifhed,  after 
his  Death,  his  Commentar)  upon  the  Epiftle  to  the  Colofsians,  ia 
8%'o,  at  Geneva,  i6oi-  A  Logical  Analyfis  upon  the  Lpiftle  to 
the  Hebrezvs,  in  "ivo,  at  Edinburgh,  1605.  A  Logical  Analyfis  u- 
pon  the  Epiftle  to  the  Galatians,  in  %vo,  London,  i6oi.  A  Com- 
mentary upon  the  ift  and  id  of  the  Corinthians,  in  81/0, 1600.  A 
Commentary  upon  the  1  firft  Chapters  of  the  firft  Epiftle  of  St.  Pe^ 
ter,  in  ^vo,  London,  1605.  ^  Treatife  of  Juftification,  and  ano- 
ther of  Excommunication,  both  in  8t;o,  London,  1604.  All  thcfe 
are  writ  in  Latin,  excepting  the  Sermons. 

Of  all  the  Subje(ffs  that  our  Author  has  writ  upon,  I  fhall  make 
choice  to  give  fome  of  his  Thoughts  upon  Excommunication,  be- 
caufe  it  is  a  Subjedl  that  concerns  all  Chriftians,  of  what  Commu- 
nion foever  they  be :  And  I  fhall  give  the  Reader  a  brief  Account 
of  the  ancient  Difcipline  of  the  Church  in  this  Cafe ;  which  our 
Author  knew  little  or  nothing  of. 

Our  Author  wrote  his  Book  of  Excommunication,  upon  the  ac- 
count of  the  great  Abufes  tiiat  had  crept  into  the  Church  of  Rome^ 
and  the  litde  Regard  that  was  had  to  it  amongft  the  Proteftants  in 
liis  Time  ;  And  indeed  it  was  no  Wonder  that  it  was  little  regarded  i 
for  our  firft  Reformers  did  excommunicate  People  upon  very  frivo- 
lous Grounds.     But,  to  place  this  Affair  in  a  clear  Light, 

We  are  told  by  the  Apoftle  S.  Paul,  That  all  Chriftians  make  but 
one  Body,  of  which  fefusChri^h  the  Head,  and  the  Faithful,  the 
Members.  Our  blefted  Saviour,  as  the  Fiead  of  the  Faithful,  in- 
fluences tljem  after  two  different  Manners ;  the  one  is  interiorly, 
by  communicating  to  each  of  them  his  Merits,  and  influencing 
them  with  his  Graces ;  the  other  is,  exteriorly,  by  a  vifible  Govern- 
ment, under  the  Condu(5l  of  his  Providence  and  Protection,  under 

the 


An.    1  sii. 


Vol.  III.  Principal  of  the  College  of  Edinburgh.  . .  j 

•the  Obfervation  of  liis  Precepts  and  Laws,  and  under  the  Dired^ion 
of  thofe  to  whom  he  has  committed  the  Authority  of  croverninc 
his  Church  in  his  Name  ;  giving  them  a  full  Power  for  tl?at  Effecfb 
with  the  A/Hflance  of  iiis  holy  Spirit :    So  all  Chriftians  being  thus 
united  in  one  Catholick  Church,    and  making  up  but  one  Body, 
there  is  a  Communication  of  Rights  and  fpiritual  Goods,  to  which 
each  Chriflian,  as  Members  of  the  fame  Body,  may  claim  a  Right 
iinlefs    they    be   debarred    therefrom    by   the  Sentence    of   the 
Church.     And  this  is  founded  upon  tliat  Sentence  of  the  Gofpel, 
Matth.  Chap,  xviii.    V.  17.  If  he  /hall  negUa  to  hear  them,    tell  it 
unto  the  church;    and  if  he  negleO;  to  hear  the  church,    let  him  be  to 
thee  a  heathen  man  and  a  publican :    And  this  Precept  of  St.  TauCs 
I  Cor.  Chap.  v.  V.  11.  But  now  I  have  written  unto  you,  not  to  keep 
company,  if  any  man  that  is  called  a  brother  be  a  fornicator,  or  cove- 
Jouf,  or  an  idolater,    or  arailer,    or  a  drunkard,    or  an  extortioner; 
with  fuch  an  one  not  to  eat>      Wliich  St.  u4ugufiine  explains   (a)  If 
they  be  judged  or  dcnopnced  as  fuch  ;  otherwifc,  if  each  one  were 
at  liberty  to  feparate  themfelves  from  thefe  whofe  Condud  they 
condemn,  'twould  afford  ground  to  perpetual  Difputes  and  Schifms. 
S.  Paul  fays  likewife,    1  TheJJalonians ,  Chap.  iii.  V.  14.  aAnd  if  a- 
ny  man  obey  not  our  zvord  by  this  epiftle,  note  that  wan,  and  have  no 
company  zvith  him,    that  he  may  be  afhamed;  yet  count  him  not  as  an 
enemy,  but  admomfh  him  as  a  brother.     But  our  Saviour's  Rule  mufl 
be  obferved  in  all  this,  who  ordains  us,  Matth.  Chap,  xviii.  V.  i$. 
If  thy  brother  fhall  trefpafs  againft  thee,  go  and  tell  him  his  fault  be- 
tween thee  and  htm  alone  ;  if  he  fhall  hear  thee,  thou  hafi  gained  thy 
brother;    but  if  he  will  not  hear  thee,  take  zvith  thee  one  or  two  more 
that  in  the  mouth  of  tzvo  or  three  witnejfes  every  word  may  be  eflabli- 
fhed;  and  if.  he  neglect  to  hear  them,  then  tell  it  to  the  church.    Tlicfe 
are  the  Rules  of  Excommunication ;    fo  that  we  fee  tli.e  Defigii  of 
it  is,  to  fhame  Men  out  of  their  Wickednefs  by  ihunning  ail  Com- 
merce with  them,    but  without  bearing  any  Hatred  to  them.     And 
therefore  the  primitive  Chriftians  feldom  made  ufe  of  this  laft  Re^ 
medy  of  reclaiming  Sinners ;  and  when  they  did  it,  tlicy  performed 
it  thus,  as  wc  learn  from  the  Apoflolical  Conftitutions  :  {b)  \yhen 
any  one  was  accufed,  they  enquired  narrowly  into  his  Life  and  Coq- 
verfation ;  and  if  they  found  that  the  Accufation  was  well  founded, 
then  the  Bifhop  call'd  him,    and  reproved  him  privately  in  Me^kr 
nefs  and  Moderation  ;   if  that  did  not  reclaim  hini,    he  took  tw(? 
WitnelTes,   and  reproved  him  before  them ;    if  he  flill  remained 
pbflinat,  then  he  was  reproved  in  the  Church  before  the  Congrega- 
tion ;    by  comforting  them  upon  their  Repentance,   with  the  gra- 
cious Promifes  of  the  Gofpel ;  ,by  terrifying  them,  witji  the  Tlireatr 
nings  and  Denunciation  againfl  Sinners j.  by,  exhorting  both  fhc 
Party  and  People  to  fail  and  pray  for  them:  .  And  if  none  of  thef^ 
Methods  prevailed  with  them,   then  thQ  ?iQiop  confulted  witii.the 
oldefl,  and  mofl  reputed  of  his  Brethren  fot  San(ftity  and  Holinefs ; 

Tt-ttt  and 


0«)  Hm.  }•.   C  IS.     (t)  Ub.  u  C.  };. 


44i  The  Life  g/'e^^r.  ROBERT  ROLL  QCK,  Vol.lfll. 

and  after  long  Expcdtations,  they  proceeded  to  the  Sentence  with 
A^*?^  Sorrow  and  Lamentation;  for  after  thi<  thty  had  no  Commerce 
'^'^^'^  with  the  excommunicated  Perfon  (d),  and  treated  thdn\  as  Patjans 
and  Infidels :  Yet  they  did  not  cxcUidc  them  from  Ircaring  the  Scri- 
ptures read  in  the  Churches  (/»),  and  trom  hearing  of  their  Sermons  j 
tor  the  Infidels  themfelves  were  not  debarr'd  from  that,  that  they 
might  be  reclaimed;  for  whenever  they  repented,  they  vrcre  recei- 
ved again  into  the  Church  with  Joy.  And  if  any  Perfon  comjllain- 
ed  of'the  rigorous  Procedure  of  his  Bifhop  againft  him,  or  that  the 
Sentence  was  upon  flight  or  malicious  Grounds,  it  wa's  brought  and 
examined  before  the  Provincial  Synod  (c):  -And  this  was  thd  Difci- 
pline  of  the  Primitive  Church.  But  in  Afrcr-Jges,  amongfl  the  ma- 
ny Corruptions  that  crept  into  the  Cluircli,  that  of  Excommunica- 
ting upon  frivolous  Grounds  was  none  of  the  leaft  :  And  after  the 
oth  Century,  tlic  Churchmen  made  ufeof  this  fpirimal  Weapon  to 
defend  themfelves  againft  the  Incroachments  that  were  made  up- 
on them  by  Princes:  So  that  at  length  they  came  to  excommuni- 
cate Families  and  Provinces  5  yea,  whole  Kingdoms,  at  leaft,  were 
interdi(5ted  or  difchargcd  from  having  Divine  Service  amongfl  tlicm, 
and  that  without  any  previous  Admonition  or  Exhortation :  Others 
were  refcrved  to  the  Pope,  fo  that  they  were  obliged  to  go  to  Rome 
for  Abfolution.  And  thefe  Excommunications  were  attended  with 
fupcrflitious  Ceremonies ;  fuch  as  the  Lighting  and  Exringuifhing 
of  Candles,  Throwing  them  to  the  Ground,  with  the  Ringing  of 
Bells  and  horrible  Curfes.  Likewife  they  interpreted  the  Precept 
of  not  having  Commerce  with  them,  with  fuch  Rigour,  that  one 
Excommunication  produc'd  an  infinite  Number  of  others,  and  ex- 
tended the  Precept  to  the  Seizing  upon  their  Temporal  Goods  and 
Effecfls :  So  that  Servants  were  excommunicated  for  obeying  their 
Mafters;  Children,  for  obeying  their  Parents;  and  Wives,  forcon- 
verfing  with  their  Husbands.  And  the  excommunicated  Perfon  was 
declar  d  uncapable  of  any  Place  or  Truft,  degraded  from  all  his 
Honours  (0),  and  their  Subje(5ls  and  Vallals  difcliarged  from  yield- 
in"  any  Obedience  to  them  :  So  that  when  a  King  or  Emperor  was 
excommunicated,  he  was  reduc'd  to  the  State  of  a  private  Man, 
and  all  his  Subjedls  difcharged  from  their  Alledgance ;  by  which 
means  the  Excommunications  of  the  Church  became  ridiculous  and 
contemptible.  And  this  was  the  Motive  that  moved  our  learned 
Author  to  write  his  Book  againft  thefe  horrible  Abufes.  And  now 
I  fhall  conclude  with  the  Account  of  his  Death,  and  the  Judgment 
of  the  Learned  concerning  him. 

He  died  upon  the  l8th  of  Fehruary  at  Edinburgh,'  i59^>  ^^  "^'^^ 
,ni"ch^!i.  43  Year  of  his  Age.  He  was  certainly  a  Man  of  great  Learning,  and 
*"'         -well  feen  in  the  Writings  of  the  Commentators  upon  the  Bible; 
but  he  was  not  fo  well  feen  in  the  Writings  of  the  ancient  Fathers 
of  the  Church,  which  was  the  general  Fault  of  all  our  firft  Refor- 
mers ;   but  that  which  he  is  moft  to  be  blamed  for  is,   That  lie 

took 

(«)  C.  3».     (t)  C.  }>.      C«)  C.  1 5,  Qi  6.  C.  48.  Lm  Gttg.  »i. 


Vol.  III.  principal  of  the  College  of  Edinburgh,  aa? 

took  upon  him,  as  a  great  many,  others  did  at  that  Time,  to  preach 
the  Gofpel.   and  adminiftratd  the  Sacraments  without  being  or-   <^>^^ 
dained,    or  having  Impofition  of  Hands,   as  his  Neighbour  Mr.    vX^ 
^okrt  '^Bruce  had  done,   upon  the  Enthufiaftical  Pretence  of  an 
extraordinary  Call  from  the  Holy  Ghofi.     Archbifliop  Spotifwood 
fpeaking  of  his  Dcatli  fays,  {a)  '  This  Man  was  born  not  far  from 
'  Stirling,  and  train'd  up  in  Letters  under  Mr.  Thomas  Buchannan, 
who  did  then  keep  a  famous  School:    At  that  Time  he  paffcd 
his  Courfe  in  Philofopby  at  St.  Jndrezvs,  and  no  fooner  receiv'd 
the  Degree  of  a  Mafter  in  Arts,    than  he  was  chofen  Regent  of 
the  College  of  St.  Sahator,  where  he  nad  ftudied.    In  the  Yesir 
158?  he  was  removed  to  Edinburgh,    and  made  Principal  of  a 
College  which  the  Town  had  there  credied,  where  by  his  Lediures 
of  Divinity  in  the  Schools,  and  his  Sermons  to  the  People,  ( in 
both  which  he  was  afliduous  )  he  came  to  be  greatly  efteemed  j 
but  the  17  Days  Trouble  and  Tumult  that  followed  thereupon, 
withdrawing  him  againft  his  Mind  to  the  Keeping  of  AfTcmblics! 
and  other  Commiflions  of  the  Church,   he  was  thereby  much 
weakened,'  for  he  was  of  an  unfirm  Body,  and  grieyoufly  pain'd 
with  the  Stone,  whereof  at  laft.he  died.    In  his  Sicknefs    being 
vifited  by  his  Bretheren  of  the  Miniflry,  amongft  other  pious  Ex- 
hortations, he  did  earneftly  bcfeech   them   to  carry  themfelves 
more  dutifully  towards  the  King,    lamenting  he  Ihould  be  fo  ill 
ufcd  by  fome  of  their  Number,   and  gave  tliem  a  mofl  comfor- 
table Farewell.  His  Torments  were  extreme,  yet  was  he  not  heard 
to  ufe  an  impatient  Word,  but  waj  ftill  calling  on  GOD,   with 
thefe  and  the  like  Sayings    mfie  Lord  Jefus,  ^nd  tarry  not,  put 
tn  thy  Hand,  and   take  this  Soul  away  to  thy  [elf  and  at  other 
Times,   Go  out,  filly  Life,  that  the  better  Life  of  GOD  was  enter 
tn:     Drawing  near  his  End  he  repeted  a  Part   of  the  6  Pfalm 
and  framing  a  moft  pithy  Prayer  out  of  the  fame,  as  one  exulting 
after  Vi(5lory,  he  cried  aloud,    thrift  hath  taken  my  Joke  to  Lear 
and  nozv,  ftrengthened  by  his  Grace,  I  will  follow  ;   with  which 
Words  he  yielded  up  his  Spirit.    A  rare  Example  of  Holinefs  he 
was  in  his  Life  and  his  Death,   albeit  now  dead,  yet  fliU  preach 
cth  by  his  learned  Works,  which  it  is  Pity  Ihould  not  be  collea- 
ed  111  one  Volume  and  preferved  to  Pofterity.     He  deceafed 
the  laff  of  February,   and  had  his  Corps  honourably  interr'd  in 
the  Burial  Place,  an  innumerable  Multitude  accompanyine  the 
the  fame  to  the  Grave.  '     But  the  Presbyterian  Hiltorians  have 
not  (o  good  an  Opinion  of  our  Author;  for  altho' Mr.  Prrr/>  con 
feHcs   {b)   tiiat  he  was    a  godly  and  learned  Man,    yet  he  fays 
*  lie    was  credulous,    and  not  fo  fit  for  Government  arid  Difci- 
pl.ne  as  for  the  Pulpit  and  Schools,   nor  was  made  privy  to  all 
the  Myf^eries  of  Iniquity  that.wercthcn  in  working,  Lt  only  lo 
far  as  the  Plotters  iliought  needful.  :  His  old  Mafter  Mr.  Tho- 
'  mas  auchannan  was  now  wone  to  the^  King's  ^^ide; 'an^  turned 
'^''''-  ^ ♦  and 

i^)V%.t.    P.{.  4J4.    U}C«.t.  1^.   Pifr  ,};.  '"'■ 


.:>LiO  {<•) 


444  '^f  Life  of  c^r.  ROBERT   RQLLOCK,  Vol.  HI. 

♦  and  tutored  him  as  he  (aw  fitting ;  they  thought  the  Efti'mation 
(^d%#^  f  ]^en  liad  of  him  would  induce  many  to  their  Courfe.  And  then 
VV^'    *  he  falls  a  riiling  at  B'lfho^  SpotifiOood,   for  faying  that  lie   was 

«  not  in  Orders  when  he  was  made  Moderator  of  the  Affcmbly 
'  at  Dmdee^  and  endcjvonrs  to  ^rove  the  contrary,  from  iiis  cal- 

♦  ling  himfelf  one  of  tlii  Minifters  q(  Edinburgh,  in  his  Ckjmmcn- 

♦  tary  upon  rhe  Ephejians,  firft  pirtDlifhed  1590,  and  from  his'be- 
<  ing  often  a  Member  of  the  General  Affembly.  '  B^ut'thc  Gafc 
of  Mr.  Robert  "Bruce  overthrows  both  thcfc  Arguments,  as  we 
ftiall  make  appear  in  his  Life;  Befidcs  Multitudes  of  other  fnftan- 
Ces,  that  mlg^u  be  produced  of  thofe  who  were  Members  of  Af- 
femblies,  and  called  themfclves  Minifters,  but  were  ndvcr  or- 
dained. 

CaldtrwoOd  tranfcribes  {a)  Mr.  Tetries  Characfter  of  him ,  but 
thofe  who  are  de/lrous  of  funher  Characftcrs  of  him,  but  mod  to 
the  fame  Purpofe,  will  find  them  in  our  Author's  Life  wrote  in  La- 
tine  by  George  Roberffon,  and  publifhcd  at  Edinburgh  i^^^^  in 
II wo.  where  there  are  lilcewife  fevdral  Epitaphs,  compofed  upon 
him  by  Mr.  Rbbert  Pont,  Mr.  ^ndrciu  Ruth'ven,  Hadrian  Da- 
midna  Befiervels,  Mr,  Thomas ,  Cmigy  Mr.  Henry  Charters,  m 
Greek  and  Latin,  Mr.  WiUiam  Cratg,  Mr.  John  Jidamjon,  Wtl- 
iiitm  BarcUy,  M.  D.  Ui.  John  Ray,  M.  D.  Mr.  George  Griar, 
Mr.  Wtlitam  Arthur,  Mr.  Thomas  Ballanden,  Mr.  Nathaniel  Vd- 
•vart,  George  T)ougUs,  Mr.  Da^utd  Elume,  Mr.  Alexander  Hume, 
Mr.  Andrezo  Aiel-vin,  and  Mr.  Hirtules  Rollock ;  fome  of  which  I 
fliall  in(ert  for  the  Reader's  Satjsfaa:ion. 

Epitaphium  Roherti  Rolloci^  fer  Andream 
Melvinum, 

DV  X,  Rolloce,  gregis  tener  tenelli, 
DoBarnm  deem  elegantiarum,  • 
Et  morum  fpecimen  modefiiorum. 
Dhx,  Rolloce,  gregfs  facer  facrati, 
Sal  Terr  A,  fine  frauae,  luxque  Mttndii, 
Et  vitA  fpeculum  laboriofx, 
G^uo  diver fus  abis  ?     Ttios  relincjuis  f 
Jnvidit  tibi  nemo  fanw  iihquam, 
Aut  cari  emeritum  gregts  fanjorem, 
oAut  clari  aureolum  gregis  decorem. 
Jnvidit  tibi  nemo  pmlicata 
Cafiartim  intima  cogitationum, 
SAndarnm  abdita  iHCtibratiohum. 
Invidit  tibi  nemo  grati/im  AuU, 
Gratam  gratiam,  earn  ©*  redintegrMtami 
Grata  ut  gratia  Jit  rcdinttgrata. 


Jnvidit 


ifi  Ctldii.  KiA.  P«C-  4c}> 


Vol.  in.  principal  of  the  College  of  Edinburgh.  a^j 

Jfividit  tibi  nemo  propagatum, 

S&pc  n  Principe  poene  Principatum.  a^)^, 

JSlil  homm  tthi  ego,  tibi  nee  ullm  *<?K^ 

'Vnqiuim  j^ane :  oAt  in^videmns  omnes 

(^itnttllumy  eiut  fi  inrndere  fas^ 

^IjtdnqHam  non  magis  in-videmm  omnes 

^Ijf^im  lnfrem!t-s  item  ^  dolemnj  omnes) 

Jflcvn  prApyoperam  fefiinationem^ 

A  nobis  procid  hinc  abittonem. 

InRohertiim  Rolloctm^  EdiniVaftorem^  ^  A^ 
cademice  Edinhiirgen<£  ReClorem^  David 
Hiimius. 

DV  M  vires  oftentat,  ^  in  Terrejiria  vafium 
Terr'orem  vult  mors  ingerere  atm  fui, 
Rollocum  invadit,  'uitA  mortifque  Mag^firtm't 
Et  pin,  lugubrijub  pede,  colla  premit. 
Nil  agis,  O  truculent  a  I  parts  pro  funere  vitam : 
Non  morititr  qitem  mors  ad  meliora  rapit. 

Aliiid. 

DEHciA  humani  generis  Rollocus,    imago 
Maxima  manfueti,  quem  docet  ipfe  Dei, 
Cluem  do6ium  mirantur,  amant  mitemme  hnUmque, 
Cum  populo,  Proccres,  Rexquc  Patrefque  pio. 
Ante  diem  primo  cadit  immaturus  tn  avo, 
Frufiratm  patria,  vit^que  fpemque  fu£. 
Hen !  quis  non  timeat  mortem,  tetrtcarnque  trticemqtte, 

'Parcere  fi  dodis,  ft  negat  ilia  bonis. 
At  quis  jam  timeat  mortem,  'vel  j&va  mmantem, 
perderc  ft  doHos,  Jlneqiiit  ilia  bonos  i 

Epitaphium  Koberti  Kolloci,  per  Tbomam  Sal- 
landinum, 

TE,  Mloce,  extindo,  Vrbs  mcefta,  Academia  mafta  tft> 
Et  tota  exequiis  Scotia  maefia  tuis. 
Vno  in  te  nobis  dederat  Deus  omnia,  in  mo 
Te  'Deus  eripuit  omnia  quA  dederat. 

Ter  Joannem  Scotum, 


Sdcla  priora  viderunt  luce  cadentem 
Solem  unum ;  bioos  hdc  videt  una  difs. 


U  u  u  u  u  The 


"^6 rhtUfeof^  ROBERT   ROLLOCK, 


Vol.  \\\. 


/>*A»/> 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

jl  ^     Conmentarms  in  Tc^nlt  E^ijlolctm  ad  EpheJIos,   410,  litlin. 
1590.  (^  Gencvcc,  in  8vo,  1595. 

III.  Comment,  in  Pauli  Epif^olam  ad  Ephe/ios,  cum  nods  hrevibus, 
in  8vo,  Geneva;,  1606. 

IV.  Comment,  in  utramqt^e  Pauli  Epijlolam  ad  Thejjalon.  ^  Philem. 
cum  notis  Joannis  Ttfcatoris,  m  8vo,  Herbernix  Na(aviorura, 
i^Oi-    ^Genevx,  i<5o2,. 

V.  Comment,  in  Damelem,  in  ^to,    Edinburgi,    1551,  i^6\,  159^ 

^  i6io- 

VI.  Certain  Sermons  on  feveral  Places  of  Sc.  Paul's  Epiftles,  in  %vo^ 

'Edinburgh,  1597-  zr      •    •    y        t-j-  u      • 

VII.  Tratiatus  de  ^ocatione  ejjicaci,  tn  Svo.  Edinburgi,  1597. 
VIII-  G)u&(iiones  (^  Rejpon/iones  aliquot,  defadere  Dei  ^  de  Sacra- 

mentts,  in  8vo,  Edinburgi,  159^- 

IX.  aAnalyfis  Logic  a  in  Epifiolam  ad  Hebrxos,  una  cum  Trail  at  u  de 
J u  (It fie  at  tone,  in  8vo,  Edin.   1605. 

X.  Analyfts  Logica  in  Epifiolam  ad  Galatas,    in  8vd,  Lond.   i6oiy 
^  Geneva;,   1605. 

XI.  Anahfis  Logica  in  Pauli  Epifiolam  ad  Romanos,  in  8vo,  Edin- 

XII.  Comment,  in  quatuor  priora  Capita  EpifioU  ad  Colajf.  Geneyac, 
in  8vo,    1 601 

XIII-  Comment,  in  primam  fS  [ecundam  Epifi-  ad  Corinth,  cum 
notis  Ptjcatcris,  Hcrberniae,  in  8vo,  idoo,    Gen.  1601,  i6oy. 

XIV.  Comment,  in  E'vangelium  fecundum  foannem,  cum  ejm  Har- 
monia  Evangelic  a,  in  P'afsionem,  Rejurreilionem  ^  ^janjionem 
"jefu  Chrifit,  Genevae,  in  8vo,   1595,  1600. 

XV-  Comment,  in  quindecemjele£iosPjalmos  Gen.  8vo,  1599  (^  i6\o. 

XYI.  Trailatw  de  Excommunicatione,  Lond.  1604,  Gen.  1^01,  8vo. 

XVII.  Comment,  in  duo  Capita  prioris  EpifioU  Petrf^  Gen.  1599  8vo. 

XVIU-  TraiiatM  brenjis  de  Procidentia  Dei. 


THE 


Vol.  III. 


4+7 


An.    lOvol 


THE 

LIFE   of  James  Chyne^    Doctor   of  the 
Laws,    and  *  Profeffor  of  Philofophy   at   '^  ^  ^ 
T>orpay. 

TH  I  S  Gentleman  was  a  Son  (a)  of  the  Laird  of    hi.  p.ren- 
yirnagies,  arr  ancient  Family  in  the  Shire  oi  y4ler-  'i£»^^ 
deen;   having  learned  his  Grammar  and  Philofo- 
phy at  that  Univcrfity,    he   applied  himlelf  to 
Theology,  under  Mr.  John  Henderjon,  a  famous 
Theologue  in  thofe  Days,    and  who,    upon  •the 
Reformation,  went  oyer  to   France,    and  died  at  Paris.     Havin'^     m«  »nt„i 
finifhed  his  Studies  in  Theology,  he  cntred  into  Holv  Orders,  biu  d»;,"?,?;: 
upon  the  Reformation,  was  obliged  to  f{y  with  his  Mafter  to  France,  ZTCJ!"' 
where  he  taught  Philofophy  for  fome  Time  at  Paris,  in  the  Col-  vZ^m 
lege  of  St.  Barbe;  and  from  thence  he  wenr  to  Doway  in  Flanders,  R^a'.rTr'' 
where  he  taught  Philofophy  for  fcveral  Years,  and  was  made  Redor  u'^"^'' 
of  the  Scots  College  there,  and  great  Penitentiar  and  Clianon  of 
the  Cathedral  Church  of  Tournay, 

We  have  feveral  Writings  of  this  learned  Gentleman's  flill  ex- 
tant, of  which  I  fliall  give  the  Reader  an  Account,  according  to  the 
Years  in  which  they  were  publifhcd.  In  the  Year  1575,  lie  pub-  An^ 
lifhed  at  Doway,  a  Compound  of  yirifletles  Philofophy  in  iiwo, ''^'"* 
which  was  reprinted  at  tlie  fame  Place  in  the  Year  1 595,  in  Sx'o. 
In  the  Year  I5y5,  he  publiflied  at  Doway  iv/o  Books,  upon  the 
Terredrial  and  Celelbal  Globes  in  "Svo.  In  the  year  1576,  he 
publjfhed  at  ^eway  a  Geographical  Defcription  of  the  Earth,  in 
^fo.  In  the. Year  1577,  '"'^  publilhed  at  Doway  two  Orations,  the 
one  concerning  the  Qualities  that  are  requifite  for  making  a  per- 
fe<5fPhilolopher,  and  the  other,  upon  the  Predidions  of  Aftrolo- 
gers,  both  in  8i;o.  In  the  Year  1578,  he  publifhed  at  Doway  a 
Commentary  upon  the  14  Books  of  ^rijlotles  Metaphyficks,  and 
fomc  Letters  mention'd  by  Dempfler,  who  was  his  Scholar  at 
Doway;    but  I  know  not  if  ever  they,  were  publifhed. 

We  have  already  given  a  Hiflory  of  Anftotles  Philofophy,  in 
the  firfl  Volume  of  this  Work,  in  the  Life  of  Mr,  Michael  Scot 
of'Salwiry,  and  the  Hiftory  of  Aftronomy  in  this  Volume,  in  the 
Life  of  James  Bajjantine :  x\nd  fince  all  our  Author's  Works  arei 
upon  Philofopliy,  Aftronomy  and  Geography ;  and  that  without 
the  Knowledge  of  Geography,  no  Man  can  underftand  either  Sacred 
or  Prophanc  Hiftory.  .  I  Ihall  give  the  Reader  here  an  Account  of 
tlic  firft  Rife,  Progrefs,  and  Difcoveries,  or  Improvements,  thac 
have  been  made  m  Geography  till  our  Author's  Time. 

UUUUU    Z  Ji^O' 


Arconnt 
Wofk> 


(^  Dcidf'-  HU>.  EclcT.  Ub.  }.  Tag.  194.  Conaui  it  auplid  ftm,  K,fli(.  •pod  Scotoi,  Pag.  it^,. 


All.    1 1'  a. 
An  HtAorf. 


448         The  L}fe  0/  J  A  M  E  S  C  H  Y  N  E.  Dr.  of  the  Laws,       Vol.  III. 

Mo(is  the  Sacred  Hiftorian,   having  informed  us  how  the  World 
wasdilpeoplcd  by  the  Flood,  proceeds  next  to  inform  us  how  it  was 
rcpcoplcd  by  the  pofterity  of  Noah-^    whicli  he  docs,    by  acquain- 
ting^ us  ufter  what  Method  the  three  Branches  of  Noah's  Pollcrity 
"'  A""'""  did"  diftindly   plant  or  fettle  thcmfclves  at  firft,    in  three  diflindt 

or    the    Im-  J       '  .  «il'  1  I  n 

pr,v.me„c,   Trtifls  of  thc  Eaith.     And  this  is  the   larizefl  and  bcfl  Account 

t'ui  have  .  "1/^  Ifll-  TiT^I 

b«n  m.de  tljat  wc  luvc  of  thc  Icvcral  Inliabitants  or  the  Earth;  Striibo  tells 
pV'°^"  us,  {a)  That  the  fiifl  among  the  Grecitins  that  wrote  in  Cieography 
were  Homer,  ^naxiwaruler  thc  Milefi.w,  Hecat/eus,  Dernocritus, 
Eiicloxns,  Dlcearchus,  Ephorns,  Ertitofhenes,  Polybius  and  Pojjido- 
nius ;  and  1  Ihall  give  thc  Reader  an  Account  what  their  Perfor- 
mances were. 

A  Stranger  to  Gcograpliy,  as  wc  have  elfewhere  obfcrved,  (b) 
that  fliould  read  the  Voyages  of  Vlyfjcs,  as  they  are  dcfcribed  by 
Homer,  and  fhould  obfcrve  the  Time  that  was  fpent,  the  Removes 
that  they  made,  and  Dangers  they  underwent  in  being  tofTcd  from 
Shore  to  Shore,  would  be  apt  to  imagine,  that  they  had  vifi- 
ted  the  moll  Part  of  thc  habitable  World}  and  that  its  plain,  that 
he  knew  no  further  than  the  JEgean  Sea. 

oAnaxtniancler  thc  MHefian,  tlie  Difciple  of  Thales,  was,  in  the 
64111  Year  of  his  Age,  in  the  id  Year  of  the  58th  Olympiad;  and 
Diogenes  l.aert'ms  informs  us.  That  he  was  the  Firfl  who  gave  us 
the  McafTire  of  tiie  Earth,    of  which  I  have  given  an  Account  in 
the  fecond  Volunie  of  this  Work,     {c)  Hec<itxus,  who    was  like- 
wife  a  Altleftariy  acquired  great  Fame,  by  his  Defcription  of  j4ft(ij 
Europe  and  Lybia.     In  tb.e  Reigns  of  Xerxes  and  ^rtaxerxes,  Lon- 
cimimus,  Y^emocritus  was  famous  for  his  Cofmography.     'Tis  obfer- 
ved  in  thc  Second  Book  of  Pliny,    that  there  was  one  EudoxuSf 
who  taking  Ship  in  the  y^rabian  Culph,   to  avoid  the  Difpleafure 
of  Ptolomy  LnthurHS,  arrived  in  thc  Port  of  Cndix;  and  that  before 
him  another,   who  had  fail'd  from   a  Port  of  Spain,   went  into 
jEthiopia,  to  traffique  there  ;    and  its  reported  in  the  fame  Place, 
that  in  tiie  Time  of  Gluintus  Metelltis  Celer,  the  King  of  the  Swe- 
'ui,  bordering  on  the  Baltick  Sea,  prefented  to  the  Romans  fome 
Jndiitns,   who  departing  from  their  own  Country  for  Commerce, 
were  cafl  by  Tempefts  on  the  Coafts  of  Germany;  from  all  which 
Cluverins  conclucK's,    That  if  thefe  Relations  be  true,  the  Parts  of 
the  Earth  kno\rn,    and  inhabited  by  the  Antients,  were  difcovered 
on  all  Sides,  that  they  paffed  with  their  Ships  not  only  under  the 
C(Tpe  of  Good  Hope,  towards  the  Antar^ick  Pole,  but  alfo  under  the 
yirdick   Pole,    on  the  other  Side  of  Mujcovy  ^nd  T^artary;   and 
that  they  did   more  than  the  Englifh  and  Dutch,    who  have   not 
been  able  to  find  a  Paflage   that  Way  to   Japan  and  China ;  but 
the  Eudoxus  that  Strabo  fpeaks  of,  was  the  famous  Aftronomer,  of 
whom  we  have  given  an  Account,  in  the  Hiffory  of  that  Science, 
and  different   from  the  Eudoxus  mentioned   by  Pliny.     Ephorus 
was  thc  Difciple  odfocratcs,  and  flourifhcd  in  the  Reign  of  Artax- 

trxes 


Cd)  Lib.  Ift.    (t)  Vol.  ift,  in  the  Life  o\  S.  Virgil.    (0  Vol.  id.  Page  608. 


Vol.  in.  and  Profejjoir  of  Phtlofophy  at  Doway.  449 

V'xes  Ocho,    he  wrote  a  Hiftpry  of  the  Wars  betwixt  the  Greci- 
ar;s   and    their    Enemies,    whom    he    calls  the    Barbarians,    in     <^^*^ 
30  Books ;   whdrein  a  great  Number  of  Things  are  to  be  learned      v#\^ 
as  to  the  Situation  of  the  Places  that  lie  fpeaks  of  in  thefe  Times'. 
But  'DIodorus  Sictilns  blames  liim  for  his  Ignorance  in  the  Geogra- 
phy of  ^g)p  :  And  Jofephus,  for  iiis  Ignorance  of  I(;erta.     q)cc£- 
arclm  wrote  the  Stare  of  Greece  in  his  time,  partly  in  Verfe,  and 
partly  in  Profe,    and  a  Defcription  of  Mount  l^elius.     TheFrae- 
ments  of  this  Author  were  brought  from  Italy,  by  Matthew  Bad^Hs, 
and  after  they  had  lien  dormant  for  near  40  Years,   Henry  Stephens 
publifhed  them  in  tlie  Year  1589,  with  a  Latin  Verfion :    But  the 
mod  complete  Edition,  is  that  in  tiie  zd  Volume  of  Dodor  Hud- 
fons  Colle(aion  of  the  Grxcian  Geographers,    publi/hcd  at  Oxford 
in  1705,  with  Mr.  DodzveCs  DiiTertation,   wherein  he  fixes  the  Aee 
of  this  Author ;  for  he  dedicates  his  Work  to  Theophrajlus,  who  fiK- 
c^edcd  Arijlotle  in  his  School,  which  was  in  Olympiad  1 14  5 ;  where- 
in he  continued  to  Olympiad   115:    And  the  Time  wherein  he 
wrote,  is  found  out  by  his  mentioning  the  Rebuildiog  of  ThebeSy 
which  was  performed  by  Cajjader,   in  the  ii<5  Olympiad;    which 
was  before  the  Time  in  which  Demetrius  Poliorcetes  took  it  for  the 
id  Time.     And  from  this  and  feveral  other  PafTages  in  it,  the  lear- 
ned Mr.  T>odwel  makes  it  appear,  that  the  Metric  Work  was  wrote 
at  the  End  of  the  1 16  Olympiad,  and  the  Profe,  in  the  End  of  the 
117  Olympiad.     The  Defign  of  the  Metrical  Work  was,   to  make 
his  Maps  better  underftood,  and  Names,  eafily  remembred.      The 
Maps  he  drew  wqrc,  firft,  of  the  Peloponcjus^  then,  of  all  Greece,  af- 
terwards, of  the  whole  Earth,    fo  far  as  his  Knowledge  extended. 
But  in  thefe  general  Maps,    thefe  Geographers  had  a  Regard  to 
Greece,   as  the  Centre  of  the  Earth,   computing  the  Diftance  of  o- 
thcr  Places  from  thence.     The  Fragment  concerning  Mount  Peliusy 
tho'  it  be  not  infcnbed  by  his  Name,  yet  all  the  Critics  are  agreed 
that  it  is  liis,  fince  he  wrote  not  only  of  the  Mauri  tains  of  Pelopo- 
neJHs,  but  of  thofe  who  belonged  10  the  \s\\o\q  Macedonian  Mon^n- 
chy;  feverals  of  which  he  meafured,  as  Pltny  fays,  cttra  Refum,  by 
the  Dirc<flion  and  Help  of  Kings:    So  that  the  Time  muft  be  imme- 
diately after  Alexander  the  Greats  Death,   rliat  is,  after  the  Birth 
of  Alexander  the  Son  of  Roxane,  who,  with  Arid^us,    were  Kings 
together,  which  was  between  the  114  2d  and  the  115  4th  Olympi- 
ad ;  tiiis  being  a  peaceful  Time,  for  Alexander  the  Great's  Captains 
had  not  as  yet  fhared  his  Dominions  amongfl  themfelves :  And  tHis 
Meafuting  was  not  only  of  the    Hills,    but  of  the  Bounds  of  the 
Countries,  and  confiderably  after,  1;/^  in  the  Hi  id  Olympiad,  afr 
ter  Demetrius  had  got  the  Kingdom  o(  c^acedon,  and  buik  Deme^ 
trius  ,    which  is  taken  notice  of  by  £)/c<ari:/;«j.     He  wrote  likcwiPe 
a  Tripoliticum,  which  wa^  an  Account  of  fomeTr//'o//V,  pf  whicli 
Name  there  were  divers :  But  the  learned  Mr^  ttodwei  a  of  opinion, 
that  this  was  the  Trtpolis  of  the  "Dorians  iaPetof^nefUs,  not  far'  from 
Sparta,  and  its  Metropolis. 

X  X  X  X  X  Era- 


Arr.    itta. 


450         The  Life  of  JAMES    C  H  Y  N  E,  JDoaar  of  the  Uws.     Vc.l.  Ilf. 

JEratoftherics  lived  about  lOO  Years  before  Chnp,  and  wrote,  a- 
monEftoclicr  Things,  a  Bdolc  of  Geography,  and  tranflated  777;^/- 
fitorles^  Book  of  the  mod  notable  Sea-ports  of  the  World;  who 
flourifhed  not  long  before  him. 

TolybiHS,  who  flourifhed,  and  was  in  great  Reputation  about  14^ 
Years  before  the  Birth  of  our  Saviour,   was  of  o^egalopolis,  a  City 
of  Arcadia,  the  Son  of  Lyccrtas,  General  of  the  oAch^ans :    Tho' 
he  wrote  nothing  of  a  Body  of  Geography,    yet  in  his  Hiftory, 
which   comprcliends   the   moft  conficlcrable   Tranfadions   of  the 
World,  from  the  Beginning  of  the  Second  Pmic  War,    to  the  End 
of  that  which  terminated  the  Differences  of  the  Romans  with  the 
n^aLedoniAn  Kings,  by  the  Ruin  of  their  Monarchy,  there  are  fevc- 
ral  remarkable  Defcriptions  of  the  Situation  of  Places,   for,  that  he 
mj'^ht  be  exadt  in  what  lie  was  to  write,   he  pafTod  into  Apa  and 
Africa ;   he  fet  Sail  on  the  Atl^tic  Ocean,  by  the  Means  of  ScipOy 
who  loved  him  entirely,   and  procured  him  VelTels  for  this  Purpole ; 
he  crolfcd  Part  of  \.\\c  Gauls  and  the  Alpes,  with  a  Dcfign  to  rcpre- 
fcnt  Hannibal's  Pallagc  into//^/y;    he  travelled  over  all ^jp^/w,  and 
made  a  con"fidcrable  Stay  at  New  Carthage^  to  obferve,  at  his  own 
Lcifurc,  the  Situation  of  that  Place,  and  that  he  might  omit  nothing 
that  concerned  the  Actions  of  his  noble  and  faithful  Frieoui  Scipio, 
Gerardns  Vojstui  (a)  thinks,     That   the  Pofsidonitis  mentioned 
licre  by  Strabo,    was  he  of  (*Apo/nea,  the  Sfoic  Philofophcr,  whom 
Cicero  heard  at  Rhodes,  and  who  continued  Tolybiuss  Hiftory  in  51 
Books :  And  this  he  grounds,   upon  his  being  mentioned  amongft 
the  Plvilofophcis, '  and  immediately  after  Polybius.     But  it  is  much 
more  probable,  that  it  was  the  Tofsidonius  of  Olbiopoltta,  wlio,  as 
we  learn  from  Smdas,    wrote  feveral  Geographical  and  Hiftorical 
Treatifes ;  the  Hiftory  of  Attica  and  Lybia  in  xi  Books,    with  the 
Dcfcription  o^Tyrus,  and  the  adjacent^eas  about  it.     Befidesthefe 
mentioned  by  Strabo,  the  learned  Dr.  Htidfon,  inhis  CoUecffion  of 
the  Greek  Geographers,  publifhed  with  Mr.  DodweVs  Didertations, 
in  the  Years  1698,  1705  &  1712,  has  feveral  other;    the  principal 
(bf  which  are,  Hanno  ihe  Carthaginian  Gcnevil  his  Periplus  orCoa/f- 
ing:  This  Book  the  famous  Jf/iac  Vofsius  c^cemed,   as  one  of  the 
mo(l  ancient  Remains  of  the  Grecian  Geogra|)hy,   making  the  Au- 
thor as  ancient  as  PerfiHS,  who  killed  the  Gorgons  :    But  the  moft 
learned  Mr.  T)odwel  has  refuted  this  Conjedure,    and  has  fhown  it 
to  be  written  by  fome  CrAcian  who  had  perfonated  him,  and  yet  be- 
trays liimfelf,  by  giving  not  Punic,  but  Greek  Names  to  the  Places 
he  mentions ;  and  that  the  Teriplus  we  have  now,  is  quite  different 
from  that  mentioned  by  the  Ancients,  as  appears  from  the  Citations 
taken  out  of  it  by  Pliny,  Pomponius  Mela,  Solinus,  i^c.     Befides,  tiie 
Coafting  performed  by  the  Carthaginians,  muft  have  been  done  in 
their  moft  flourifhing  Condition  ;  which  thefe  that  treat  of  the  moft 
early  Affairs  of  the  Carthaginians^    fhew  to  have  been  before  the 
firft  Punic  War,   in  which  tne  Romans  deprived  them  of  fome  of 

their 


(«}  Ocl'hilolo^, p.  {;. 


VoL  III.  ^d  Profeffor  of  Phtbfopljy  at  Doyf/Siy.  ^j| 

their  Territories,  which  was  after  they  acquired  much  in  Sicily,  be-  ^^>v^ 
tween  the  91  94,  and  the  119  Olympiads.  NowTlmy  makes  Hi-  ^"^  '*** 
w/Vco  to  fail,  in  the  Difcovery  of  the  Maritime  Parts  of  Europe,  North- 
wards, at  the  fame  Time  that  Hanno  went  towards  the  South  and 
Eaft  :  And  when  both  Hanno  and  Himilco  were  employed  as  Gene- 
rals, in  the  War  againft  (iyjgathocles,  and  that  the  Carthaginians 
thought  themfelves  able  to  befiege  Syracufe,  'tis  highly  probable 
that  this  Expedition  was  made. 

The  next  is  Scylax  Caryandenfis\  Periplus  or  Coafting,  which  Mr. 
Dodwel  has  proven,  beyond  Difpute,  not  to  be  the  Writer  of  this 
Name  mentioned  by  Herodotus ;  fome  of  whofe  Arguments  I  fhall 
here  fet  down.  The  Scylax  mentioned  by  Herodotus  s  Voyages  were 
from  India  to  the  Red  Sea,  of  whicli  this  Scylax  writes  nothing; 
nay,  this  Scylax  could  not  be,ancicntcr  than  Polybius,  for  he  de- 
fcribes  the  Places  along  adjoining  to  the  Mediterranean  Sea,  mucK 
of  which,  to  wit,  from  Girf/^^^f  to  the  Streights  o(  Cades,  were 
unknown  to  the  Greeks,  till  the  Wars  with  thc'Romans  in  the  Time 
of  Polybius,  who  made  his  Bufinefs  to  acquaint  himfelf  with  thofe 
Countries,  before  his  Time,  unknown  to  his  Countrymen,  as  we 
have  already  obferved.  idly,  This  Scylax  mentions  the  Imperia  of 
the  Carthaginians  in  Spain ;  which  could  not  be  before  that  HamiU 
car,  the  Father  of  Hannibal,  had  fubdued  them,  which  was  after  the 
TinK  of  Alexander  the  Great,  ^dly,  This  Scylax  makes  the  Bounds 
of  the  Etrurians  to  reach  to  the  Adriatic  Sea ;  which  muft  happen 
aher  that  the  Romans  (on  the  account  of  the  Affiftance  that  they 
had  afforded  them  againft  the  Gauls)  enlarged  their  Territories, 
which  could  not  be  before  the  Varronian  Year,  ak  V.  C  531.  ^hly^ 
This  Scylax  makes  Leucas  an  Ifland,  which  was  always  joined  to  tlie 
Continent  by  an  Jfthmus,  rill  the  Romans,  after  the  Subduing  of 
Perftus,  by  drawing  a  Channel  made  it  an  Ifland,  to  fecure  them  from 
the  Invafions  of  the  oArcarrians,  about  the  Varronian  Year,  587. 
5f/?/)',  This  Scylax  mentions  o^^efsina  in  Teloponefus;  which  muft 
be  after  the  Time  of  Epaminondas,  (in  wliofe  Time  Gronovius  fu(^ 
pedts  this  Autlior  to  ha^c  lived)  wJio  recovered  it  out  ot  its  Ruins, 
To  that  he  coirld  not  be  elder  tlian  tlut  Tirhe  •  nor  after  the  Varro- 
nian Year,  608,  fince  he  mentions  Corinth  and  Carthage,  in  whicli 
Year  both  of  thcfc  Cities  were  defbroyed.  i>//y,  This  Scylax  menti- 
ons Cius  under  that  Name,  which  receivd  a  new  Name  from  Prujtas 
K.  of  Bythinia,  to  whom  it  was  given  by  Philip  of  Macedon,  who  died 
in  the  Varronian  Year  575:  Yet  it  cannot  be  denied,  that  in  this 
Periplus  there  are  fome  Things  that  are  not  confiftent  with  the  Age 
of  Polybius ;  which  makes  Mr.  IDodwel  conje6ture,  that  this  Scylax 
did  not  fail  about  the  Ocean  himfelf,  but  only  Collej^edhis  Obfer- 
Yations  from  thefe  of  others,  who  had  ^ven  in  part,  before  his  own 
Time,  made  fuch  Expeditions-,  or  from  fuch  who  had  at  fccond 
hand  given  an  Account  of  them. 

The  learned  Voftiuf  is  of  opinion,    Thai  Agathafoidts  Cnidus^ 
who  wrote  an  Epitome  of  the  Red  S^a^    or  xather^  of  the  Eaftern 

X  X  X  X  X  I  Coun- 


■  too. 


45X       The  Ltje  0/ JAMES  CHYNE,  Dodhr  of  the  Laws,     Vol.  fJI. 

Countries,  wrote  it  in  the  Time  of  P/o/owjy  rhilometer,  becaufehe 
/u!^)^  was  Reader  to  Heracltdes  Lemlns :  But  Mr.  7)oclivel  has  fhewn,  that 
altho'  lie  was  Reader  to  Lembus  when  he  was  young,  yet  he  did  not 
write  till  a  conflderable  Time  attcr,  when  he  was  Tutor  to  one  of 
the  Ttolowies ;  who  as  it  could  not  be  Tlolomy  Thilometer,  (o  nch 
ther  could  it  be  his  Brother  £«fr|fW,  not  Sot  or,  noi  rhy/ton,  as 'tis 
made  appear  by  tiic  learned  Perlon  above  mentioned  ;  \)ut  Ptolomy 
yilexandcr,  who  reigned  from  the  K^rrowMw  Year  649,  to  666.  So 
ihat  jd^atharcidcs  wrote  about  the  Year  650,  and  not  later;  for  he 
only  wrote  a  little  before  ^rtemidorus^  who  publilhed  his  Teripltis 
in  the  Year  651. 

Sahnaftus  is  of  the  opinion*  That  the  Tenpins  of  the  Erythr^an 
Sea,  wliich  comprehends  Part  of  the  Indian  Coafl,  the  Ter/ian  Gulf 
and  tlie  Red  Sea,  and  commonly  attributed  to  ^rrian,  was  not 
wrote  by  u4rriiin.  And  Mr.  Dodivel  agrees  with  him  in  this,  but 
diflers  from  him  as  to  the  Age  in  which  he  lived,  in  making  it  ap- 
pear, that  he  could  not  write  before  Trajan,  who  conquered  a^dra- 
lia,  and  deftroyed  its  Emporium ;  fince  this  Author  makes  men- 
tion of  it,  nor  very  foon  after  it,  fincc  he  fpeaks  of  it  as  having  hap- 
pened not  long  before  his  own  Days,  whidi,  in  all  Probability,  were 
under  c^^arcus  A^toninm  and  Verus.  But  'tis  agreed  by  all  the 
Critics,  That  the  Teriplus  of  the  Euxin  Sea,  attributed  to  Arrian^ 
is  really  his,  and  wrote  by  him  towards  the  latter  End  of  H'^drian's 
Reign.  This  Jrrian  was  a  Native  of  Nicornedia,  a  City  of  'Lithj- 
nia,  where  lie  made  his  Studies,  and  became  a  Pricfl  of  Ceres  and 
Proferpine,  as  he  himfelf  tells  us :  And  having  tire  Province  of  Cap- 
padocia  affigned  ro  him,  he  defcribed  that  Part  of  the  Euxin  Sea 
that  joined  to  Cappadocia,  and  conljflcd  witii  his  own  Knowledge. 
And  this  was  in  the  20th  Year  of  the  Emperor  Hadrians  Reign ;  a? 
bout  which  Time  he  entrcd  upon  his  Province,  and  gives  the  Parti- 
culars of  his  Journey  before  the  War  with  the  Alani,  or  Albani,  in 
the  Year  of  our  Lord  126.  With  this  is  publifhed  another  Piece  of 
aArrianSy  taken  out  ot  Wis  Jndica;  which  contains  the  Voyage  of 
JSlearihtu,  which  he  undertook  by  the  Command  of  Alexander  the 
Great,  and  which  Mr.  T>odwel  tliinks  was  written  by  Arrian,  im- 
mediately after  he  had  finifhed  the  Life  of  Alexander  the  Great,  and 
before  he  had  Iccn  what  Ptolomy  had  written  ;  and  confequentlV)  in 
ihe  Time  ofPuis,  a  little  before  Ptolomy  had  publifh'd  his  Geography. 
Marcianus  Heracleota,  who  has  given  us  a  Collecffion  of  Travels 
by  Sea  and  Land,  begins  his  Land  Travels  in  the  Wertern  Parts, 
from  Rome  \  but  that  of  tiie  Eaftern  Parts  arc  laft :  But  he  is  moflly 
celebrated  for  the  Voyages  by  Sea,  having  abridged  Artcmidonts, 
and  made  a  Supplement  to  him,  as  he  tnd  likewife  to  MemppuSt 
who  lived  a  little  before  o^arcian.  From  all  which  Mr.  Dodivel 
concludes.  That  feeing  Menippus  was  after  Ptolomy,  and  Agathe- 
merus,  iitct  Menippus,  ind  Marc i an,  2Sx.ex  Agathemerns,  Marcian 
muff  have  lived  before  the  End  of  the  4th  Century.  The  anony- 
mous Author  of  the  Feripltis  of  the  B'-xinS^^,  is  colkdted  out  of 

feve- 


Vol.  III.  and  Prof ejfpr  of  Phtlofophy  at  Downy.  ^jj 

fcveral  Writers,  efpeeiallvout  of  ^«w«j,   Scius  and  y^rri an :   And 

tlic  Author  is  thought  t6  have  lived  when  Diode/tan  had  made  Nu-    J^f^. 

midia  tlie  Seat  of  the  Empire.  ^'/^ 

Jfidorus  Characenms  JJoook   of  the  Manfions  of  the  Parthians, 
is  only  Part  of  a  larger  Work,  concerning  the  fevcral  Manfions  and 
Stages  of  the  CurjHS  publicus  of  the  Per/ians,  by  whom  it  was  begun; 
they  reckoned  firft  by  Pdrafdnga,  after,  by  the  Creek  Scham  bcin^^ 
double  thereto,  concainmg  60  Stadta.     Both  of  thcie  at  firft  were 
certain,  but  after  both  adniitted  of  Variety  in  feveral  Countries ; 
yet  fo-  as  their  Mcafure  was  certain,    tho'  altered  from  the  former 
Standart:  And  this  was  done,  that  it  might  be  accommodated  to 
the  Roman  Miles.     VolJim  thought.    That  this  J/idore  flourifhed  in 
the  Timeot  yirtaxerxcs  Otho;  but  from  his  own  Words  it  appears, 
that  he  wrote  after  Tiridates  fled  for  his  Life,    in  the  Year  of  our 
Lord  36:     Others   have  taken   him  for  the  JJidore  mentioned  by 
Pliny,  but  that  J/idore  wrote  only  a  Periplus  or  Sea  Voyages,  where- 
as this  Jfidore  wrote  a  Per'iegefis,    or  a , Defcription  of  Countties, 
and  according  to  the  Conjecture  of  the  moft  learned  Mr.  Dod- 
ivel,  wrote  before  the  Year  of  Chrtft  161 ;    for  when  he  wrcitc  his 
Tcriegep,    tlic  Parthians  were   in   Poireflioii  of  all  Mejapotamia, 
wiicreas  in  that  very  Year  they  were  driven   thence  by  y^viditis 
Cajfms. 

We  have  tK  Defcription  of  the  World  wrote  in  Verfc  by  Seym- 
nusy  of  the  Ifland  of  Chio  or  Scio,  and  dedicated  to  Nicomedes 
King  of  Bithynia,  at  the  fame  Time,  when  an  ^ttick  Author  did 
a  like  Performance  to  Attains.  Phtladelphus,  King  of  Pergamusi 
what' we  have  is  only  o(  Europe  ■aiud  Afia,  but  he  defigned  the  De- 
fcription of  Africa, :  The  chief  Author  he  made  Ufe  of  was  Era- 
tosthenes, but  lie  appeals  mofl  to  his  own  Knowledge.  He  defigned 
an  Hiflorical  Account  of  the  Cities  he  wrote  of,  and  of  the  lime 
in  which  they  were  built,  out  of  Hiflorians.  Dionyfius  of  ChalcU 
wrote  alfo  upon  this  Subjed;  as  did  alfo  Ephorus  Timxus,  and  fe- 
veral others :  As  for  Scyn,nus,  the  Time  in  which  he  flourillied  is 
known  by  the  Dedication  of  his  Work ;  for  fincc  it  is  to  a  King  of 
12/>^jw<i,  it  mufl  be  .  before  the  Farronian  Year  6y^  :  For  chen 
their  lafl  King  Nicomedes  left  that  Kingdom  as  a  Legacy  to.  the 
Romans ;  and  Mr.  Dodwel  makes  it  appear,  that  the  Nicomedes 
to  whom  Scymnus  made  his  Dedication  was  furnamed  Cbrefius. 
The  Trcatifc  of  Rivers  is  attributed  to  Plutarch  of  Cherondai>  by 
fome,  to  Parthenius;  by  others,  and  by  others,  to  Antoninus  Libera- 
lis;  but  Mr.  Dodwel  has  proven,  that  it  was  wrote  by  none  s of 
them,  but  probably  by  one  who  affumed  the  Name  oi Plutarcbi.ind 
wrote  in  the  Tenth  Century  ;  as  for  the  Work  it  felf,  the  Auihox 
uot  only  fets  down  the  Sifuation  of  all  die  Rivers  he  fpeaks-fef, 
and  the  Reafons  of  tiieir  Names,  but  alfo  gives  an  Account  of  what 
is  mofl  remarkable  in,  or  near  them. 

But  the  moft  complete  Body  of  Geography  that  we  liavci.yet 
{pp|:e/i  of,  jis  that  of  Agathemerus,  <;ontain'd  in  two  .Books,  the  fifit 

nyyy  of 


454       *^f  ^'A  "/"  J  A  M  H  8    C  H  Y  N  E,  Doaor  of  the  Laws,     Vol.  Ill 

of  which  is  divided  into  eight  Chaptets;  and  the  Sccottd/'intdrodr- 
jj^;;''^  teen.  This  Author's  Age  appears,  trom  the  Bounds  flitfc  he  /ifH^n? 
o>/^  lo  J)  act  it,  and  the  Dcftrudlion  of  Byz>nntitim  i^  by  which  he  rhttfl 
have  hved  after  SeptiMii4s  SeverHs^  and  hctotc*C^Uiertiis ,'  For  from 
his  making  Bahylont.t  belong  to  the  Romans,  he  muft  have  lived 
after  Septimms  Sevcrus,  who  reduced  this  into  a  Rontdn  Prcrvincty 
in  the  Year  ot  our  Lord  20 1,  winch  was  lo(l  again  tt>  the  Parthi- 
ans  by  Macrimts,  in  the  Year  117;  In  which  TiuKi  ^gathcmertis 
wrote.  And  'tis  obfervable  in  this  Author,  'I  hat  his  C6/iiputation 
of  Miles  is  by  7  Stadia  and  an  Half,  and  in  Other  Places;  by^S  Sta- 
dia: And  he  makes  tlie  Circuit  of  the  whole  Earth  251000  Fur- 
longs ;  and  the  Part  which  is  inhabite  from  Eaft  to  Weft,-  according 
to  lus  Computation,  70000  Furlongs. 

.  The  Critics  arc  ftrangely  divided  in  their  Opinions  concerning 
3iomfius  Periegetes :  Some  taking  him  for  the  ^lony/iHs  mentioned 
hy>Pltny;  otUeis,  t'oi  tUo'Dtonyfins  Byz^antiriM  ;    others,  tor  Dio- 
riyJiM  MytelcnxHS ;   others,  for  the  DionyfiHs  the  Son  of  Mufonifis-; 
ail  mentioned  by  Snidcis.     But  the  molt  learned  Mr.  Dodwd  fhcws 
how  he  could  be  none  of  thcfe,  finte  molt  or  all  of  thc(c  wrote  in 
Profe,  and  were  in  different  Ages:    Whereas  our  DionyJiHs  wrote  in 
Vcrfe.     And  from  fome  Verles  of  this  Poet,    preferved  by  Stepha- 
?ms,    Cand  which  are  not  in  our  printed  Copy)  concerning  the  City 
of  Emifa,  and  paraphrafed  by  Fc/fus  oA'vienns.      in  this  City  was  a 
Temple  dedicated  to  the  Sun,  which  this  Pbef  celebrates,  fot  which 
the  Emperor  HeliogabnlHs  had  a  peculiar  Veneration.     From  Whence 
Mr.  Dodwel  very  rationally  conjedfures,    that  he  wrote  in  this  Em- 
peror's Time,  in  whofe  Favours  he  enddavoured  to  infinuate  himfelf 
by  the  Encomiums  he  gives  to  his  Temple  5    and  that  he  was  a  Co- 
rinthian, there  being  one  of  that  City  that  wrote  SiPeriege^s  in  Verfe, 
and  no  Poet  is  ever  named  as  fuch  but  this :  And  he  fpeaks  of  him- 
felf as  a  Roman.     And  Corinth  was  made  a  Roman  Colony  by  fu- 
Ittis  Cjifar,    of  which  Rome  being  the   Metropolis,  the  Inhabitants 
ot  Cortnth  were  called  Romans.     Many  have  wrote  Commentaries 
upon  this  Work  of  Dionyjtus,  but  none  to  better  Purpofe  than  Ett- 
jiathivts  Bifhop  oi  Hoejjalonica :    Yet  notwithftanding  of  all  thefe, 
and  feveral  others  of  lefs  Note,  the  Geography  of  the  Ancients  con- 
tinued ftill  fo  imperfeiff,    that  Strabo,    who  f^ourifhed   under  the 
Rdign  of  Tiiif r/W,  gives  us  fuch  a  large  Catalogue  of  their  Miftakes, 
in  his  firft  three  Books,  that  any  that  confiders  them  will  find,  that 
thov  made  but  a  very  indifferent  Progrefs  in  their  Difcoverics.  And 
Strabo  himfelf,  altho'he  has  correded  many  of  thefe  Miflakes,  and 
delivered  many  Things  down  to  us  with  great  Accuracy;   yet  he  is 
very  I  far  from  being   exadl,    by  reafon  of  his  wanting  Tables  and 
Maps,  and  the  Longitudes  and  Latitudes  being  Things  far  beyond 
his  Skill ;  without  which  it  is  fcarcc  pofTible  to  fix  Places  aright,    ft 
remained   ftill  very  imperfecft  amongfl  the  (7r<ec/V/«Jr  till  yro/wwy's 
Time,  who  flourifhed  under  Marcus  ^urdius:  To  him,  as  wc  have 
elfcwhcre  obferved,  was  referved  the  Flonour  of  reducing  Gebgra- 


'    ' 

Vol.  Ill  and  Profejjor  of  Pbilojopby  at  Doway.  45^ 

"- -..     — < — -^— — ' -— ^ _ 

phy  to  Art  and  Syftem ;  f  \yiio,  by  adding  Mathematical.  Advafnafes^ 
to  the  Hifto'rical  Metjjod  in  which  it  had.  been  treated  before  >  h^f  pw^•^ 
dcfcribcd  the  World  in  a  rnucli,;nore  intelligible  Manner;  fqt-ijc  trvv 
has  delineated  it  under  more  certain  Rules,and  by  fi;iing  the  Bounds 
of  Places  ircim  Longitude  and  Latitude,  has  both  difcovered  others 
Miftakes,  and  left  us  a  Method  of  difcoverinc  hi5  ow^n:  The  moft" 
confiderable.of  which  may  be  f^qn  in  o/igatkid&mops  Map  of  the. 
World,  which  is  printed  with  PtolomysV^oiks,  and  is  the  firft  antl- 
beft  of  that  Kind.  Tiie  Abridger  of  Stralfo  flourilhed .after  ^rrian 
and  Ptolowji  fince  he  cites  them  both  :  And  from  feveral  Cir^um-i 
fiances  in  his  Writings,  Mr.  Dodwel  makes  it  appear,  tliat  he  wrote 
betwixt  the  Years  ^']6  and  99(5.  And  this  was  written  not  fo  much 
as  an  Epitomizer,  as  a  Collecfbor  of  wliat  he  judged  mofl  ufeful  in 
Strabo.  And  the  firft  of  this  Kind  mentioned  byThotius,  was  Trch. 
clus,  who  lived  in  the  latter  End  of  the  5th  Century ,  and  Hella- 
dim  BeJfantinHs,  in  the  Beginning  thereof.  z^MkhaelTJelus,  who 
wrote  of  the  Situation,  Figure  and  Magnitude  of  the  Earth,,  wrqte 
under  Confiantim  'Ducas,  and  his  Emprefs  Budoxia.  And  about 
the  Year  14.40,  Georgiiis  Gemijltus  Pletho,  born  at  Conjiantinotlei 
wrote  his  Geography.  And'thefe  are  the  mofl  confiderable  Geo- 
graphers amongd  tlie  Grecums  ;  And  now  we  fhall  give  an  Account^ 
of  what  the  Ro-mans,  the  Eaflern  Nations,  and  ^Arabians  have  donj?. 
in  Geography. 

We  are  very  much  beh.olden  to  x\-\t  Romans  for  their  Difcoveries? 
for  they  no  rooner:rubdued  any  Province,  but  they  caufed  the  Map] 
of  the  Province  to  be  drawn^and  fhown  in  their  Triurnphs  to  their 
Spedlators:  And  a  great  Number  of  thefe  Maps  were  to  be  fcen  in 
LucuUtiss  Porch,  expofed  to  the  View  of  every  Body,  about  lOO 
Years  bfore  the  Birth  of  our! Saviour.  The  Senate  of  i?owf  fent  Geo- 
graphers to  feveral.  Parts,  that  they  might  meafure  the  whole  Earth, 
but  they  did  not  infped  the  twentieth  Part  of  it.  Cicero,  as  he  tells 
us,  undertook  to  write  a  Body  of  Geography  (a),  but  the  Difficulty 
of  the  Undertaking  frighted  him  out  of  it.  And  the  firfl  of  them 
that  did  any  Thing  to  Purpofe,  was  Tomponms  Mela,  who  flou- 
rifhed  under  Claudius  Cafar;  and  Pliny,  in  nis  Natural  Hiftory,  who 
flourifhed  under  Vejpa^an.  Not  long  after  Pliny  flourifhed  Solinusi 
who,  in  his  Polyhtjfor.  or  Colle<ftion  of  memorable  Things,  has  a 
great  many  curioUs  Obfervations  in  Geography  concerning  the  Names 
of  Rivers,  Fountains,  Lakes,  Woods  and  Nations,  mentioned  by; 
the  Poets,  which  was  firfl  publifhed  by  e^az^chias  at  Rome,  th^n 
hy  y^ldus  Manutius  i.zndhdly i, by  fo/ias  Simlerus.  And  foanHes; 
•Boccatius,  in  Q.  Work  of  the  fame  Nature,  publiflted  at  Venice,  in 
1 514,  has  taken  the  mofl  valuable  Things  he  has  out  of  him,  with^ 
out  f9  much  as  ever  mcntioryng  his  Name. ,  MartianUs  Capeltus, 
iftdore  of  Spain,  Feftus^AvienHs,  Trifciarfuf  C^farien/if,  Sind  the  ch 
tfier  Comnrjcntators  upon  J)i(}nyflus  P<rifgeia,{  arc  Ukcwife  com?^ 
mendabk  for  (hcic  P^ft^tms^nceuf  ))uC:a,boVe  all.  that  Of  thej^^^ 

^  y  yyy  ^  fnan 


{0)  tfA.  U  Au.  Uk.  IV 


III'"  -  J. 


The  Life  of  ]KM'ES  C  H  Y  N F,  Dodhr  tflhe  Laws,    Vol.  III. 


'■^"^/^^     tonhitis 


wan  Provinces,  with  tlie  Notitia  utriufc[tie  Jmpfrii,  wrote  in  T^hea- 
Jo/i^s'thc  Young'cr's  Timc.piiblifhcdftrllin  the  Year  ri^I,'  by^//;-, 
tonhttis  Schonho'vius.,    and  ikerwai'cJs,  with  the   Icarnda  tommefv 
rarics  oF  Guirliis  Pancirolus,   from  our  Couiitryman  Miir'ianus  Sco-i 
tus\  MC'i.  is  highly  to  be  valued;  neither  ought  we  tooitiit  the  Iti- 
nerary oi  Antoninus  AuguJIus,  which  fomc  attribute  to  y«//W  C/pr, 
and  others,  to  Julius  the  Orator.     The  Itinerary  piiblifhcd  by  Pe- 
trttt  Pith^ttf,    (uppofcd  to  be  wrote  in  the  Time  of  ConflantinC' 
the  Great,  the  Itinerary  of  Rutilius  Claudius,    who  flourifhed  under 
Honorius :  The  Itinerary  of  the  Blcdcd  Martyr  j4ntonmus  wrote  be- 
fore Bedes.  Time,  and  publifhed  by  Menardus ;  and  the  Itinerary  of 
Bemdrnm  T^udelenfis,  wrote  in  Hebrew^  and  tranflated  into  Latiny 
firft  by  Arias  Montanusy  and  afterwards,  by  Conjlantine  L  Empe-. 
reur.     Let  us  next  view  the  Performances  of  the  tadern  Nations, 
and  the  Arabians.      Neco  King  of  the  Egyptians,    many  Years  be-. 
{ore  Chrijf,  caufed  the  Coaft  ot  Africa  to  be  viewed  by  the  Phmici-. 
an  Geographers,  for  three  Years  together.    Darius  ordered  a  Scru- 
tiny to  be  made  into  the  Indtis^   and   the  Eaftcrn  y£htiopick  Sea; 
zna^Alexander  the  Great,    in    his    '/^fiatick   Expedition,    took   a- 
longft  with  him  Diogtnetns   and  'Betonins,  two  able  Geograpb.ers, 
from  whofe   Obfervation,    the   Geographers  tor  feveral  Ages  were 
obliged.     Abul  Fdda,    by  Nation  a  'Turk,   of  the  Noble   family 
of  Jobids,  wrote  a  general  Geography  of  the  World,  after  the  Me- 
thod of  Ptolomy,,  and  was  one  of  the  Arabian  Princes,  born  in  the 
Tear  of  our  Lord  1275,    and  finifhed  his  Geography  in  the  Year 
1311,  twenty   Years  after  he  was  advanced  to  the  Principality  of 
llama  in  Syria.    Afraganiart,  an  Aftronomer  oiTrarana  in  PerCia^ 
wrote  a  Book,  called  T'hc  Elements  of  Aftronomy,  whicii  has  been 
feveral  Times  publifhed  in  Europe,  and  particularly  by   Golius,   in 
Arabick  and  Latin,  in  the  i66(),  with  Urge  Notes,  of  great  Ufa 
for  the  Underflanding  of  the  Geography  of  the  Eafi :   He  flouri/hcd 
in  the  Time  of  the  Calif  Al  Mamen,  who  died  in  the  Year  of  our 
LORD  853.    Mohammed  Eben  Jaacuba,  a  Perfon  of  great  Efteem, 
wrote  a  Dictionary,  called  Alkamus,  or,  The  Ocean,  from  its  being 
an  Ocean  of  Words,   wherein  many  Things  are  to  be  learned  for 
underflanding  their  Geography:  He  died  in  the  Year  of  ourLOKD. 
141 4  ;  being  near  90  Years  old.    '^oger,  the  Second  of  that  Name, 
King  of  Sictly,    having  caufed  a  Terreftrial  Globe  to  be  made  all 
of  Silver,   and  of  a  very  large  Size,  Sharif  Al  Adrift,  defcended 
from  the  Noble  Family  of  the  Adrifidd,  at  the  Command  of  King 
Roger,  compofed  a  large  Volume,  explaining  the  Terreftrial  Globe, 
which  he  finifhed   in  the  Year  of  our  LORD  1 155,    and  entituled 
it  Ketab  Roger,  or.  The  Book  of  Roger.    And  the  famous  Geo^raphia 
Nubienfis,    publifhed  in  the  Year  of  our  LORD  \6i(^,    is  nothing 
but  a  Compound  of  thisj  Safodin,  the  Author  of  a  Geographical 
Didlionary  in  the  Arabic^  Tongue,  is  better  known  than^the  Age 
of  the  Author  is.     The  Author  of  The  Geographical  Garden,  wrote 
in  Arabfck,  is  fuppofed  to  have  lived  in  the  Year  lOOO.   And  thefe 

are 


Vol.  III.  and  Profelfor  of  Pbilofophy  'at  Doway.  A^y 

are  the  moft  confiderable  of  the  Arabick  Authors.     And  as  for  our 
modern  Geographers,  whom  our  Author  has  moftly  followed  in  his    'V^*^ 
Compend,    they  are   Antonius  Nebyiljenfiss  Cofmography,    who    vA/^' 
died  in  Spain,  his  Native  Country,  about  the  88ch  Year  of  his  Age, 
in  1 5^^.^.     Joannes  Stoeflerus,    who,  befides  fome  Cofmographical 
Works,  compofed  a  Book  upon  the  Method  of  making  Terreftri- 
al  Globes,    and  of  drawing  of  Geographical  Carts  or  Maps :    He 
died  at    Tubing  1551-     Joachimus   Vadianus,    who  publifhed   a 
Commentary  upon  Fompontus  Mela  de  fitu  orbis,  and  an  Epitome 
of  the  three  Parts  of  the  Earth,  that  is  to  fay,  of  Europe,  Afia  and 
Alrica, :   He  flourifhcd  in  the  Year  1 548.     Joannes  Stobniz^a,  a  Po- 
lander,   who  about  the  Year   1519,    publifhed  an  Introducftion  to 
Ptolemy  s  Geography.       Joannes  Vernerus  of  Norimberg,  who  pub- 
lifhed fevcral  of  the  Writings  of  the  antient  Geographers,    with 
Notes  and  Obfervations  upon  them  ;  he  flourished  in  the  Year  155?. 
Tetrus  Appfanus,    who  publifhed  his  Geography  about  the  1514, 
with  the  VCc  of  feveral  Mathematical  Inftruments;  he  died  in  the 
Year  1551.     Biblialdus  Pirchimerus,    a  Nobleman  of  Nurenburg^ 
who  iranfl^ed  Ptolomy,  with  mo(\  learned  Notes  and  Obfervations ; 
he  died  in   the  Year    1551.     Henry  Glarean,  .born  in  Clary  in 
Switz^erland,  an  excellent  Mathematician,  who  publifhed  his  Geo- 
graphy at  P<?r/j,  in  the  Year  1537:  Befides  which,  we  have  his  De- 
(cription  of  Helvetia,    and  the  bordering  Nations  to  it,    and  his 
Book  de  quatuor  Hehetiorum  Pagis,  is  efteem'd  a  Maflerpicce  in  its 
Kind;  he  died  in  the  Year  1 5(55,  in  the  75  Year  of  his  Age,  at  Fri- 
hourgh,  where  he  was  ProfefTor.    John  Driander,  born  at  Watteren 
in  the  Country  of  He^e,   and  ProfefTor  of  Medicin  and  Mathema- 
ticks  at  Marpurg:   He  publifhed  an  Introdu(5lion  to  Cofmography, 
with  the  Aflronomical  and  Geometrical  Principles  requifit  in  Geo- 
graphy, about  the  Year  1555:     He  died  at  Marpurg  in  the  Year 
1 5<5o.     Brontius  Fineus,    born  in  Dauphiny,  and  ProfefTor  of  Ma- 
thematicks  at  Paris,  publifhed  in  Latin  and  French^  Books  of  Cof- 
mography,    a    new    and    complete   DefCription    of  the    whole 
World,     and  feveral  other  Geographical   Works.      He  died  at 
PariSi  a  little  pafl  the  60  Year  of  his  Age,    in  the  Year  1555". 
James  Zigleruj^    born  at   Landau    in  'Bavaria,    and  ProfefTor  o£ 
Mathematics  at  Vienna,  wrote  a  Dcfcription  of  the  Holy  Land,  or 
Palejline ;    as  likewife,  a  Defcription  of  Scandinavia,    and  a  Book 
of  the  Affairs  of  the  Indians,    with  feveral   othef   Mathematical 
Works.    He  died  in  the  Year  1 549.     Francis  Maurolyus,    a  Sicilian^ 
who,  in  the  Judgment  of  Frederick  Commelin,    was  the  Prince  ot 
the  Mathematicians  of  his  Age;  and  the  Writers  of  his  Life  tell  us* 
That  when  his  Mother  was  with  child  of  him,  fhe  dreamed  that  a 
Flam<?  burfl  out  of  her  Belly,  which  went  up  to  fhe  Heavens;  whicli 
was  looky  upon  as  a  certain  Prefage  of  the  Child's  addi(5ling  him- 
felf  to  the  Contemplation  of  the  Coeleflial  Bodies :    And  at  thail 
very  Moment  that 'his  Soul  went  out  of  his  Body,  a  Cypfefs-trec  in  his 
Garden  bended  it  fcU  towards  the  Earth,  and  lefloring  it  felf  again 

Z  Z  2  Z  Z  lc» 


458       The  Lrfe  of  JAMEV    CHYNE>    Voa  or  of  the  Laws,     Vol.  11  f. 

to  ics  former  Streiglnncfs  eight  Days  after.     Ho  was  Abbot  of  Me(- 
r^f^^    ana,  and  wrote  tluce  Books  of  Cofmography,   the  Topography  of 
t^i/v"  iy/V/'/y,  and  fcveral  other  Mathematical  Works.    He  died  in  the  Year 
1 574!     Gemma  Pnfms,  fo  called  from  his  being  born  in  Friejland^ 
Profedbr  of  Medicine  and  Mathematics  at  Louvnin  :  He  made  and 
dedicated  a  new  Map  of  the  World  to  Charles  V.  wrote  a  Book  of 
Cofmography,  and  fevcral  other  Mathematical  Works.    He  died  in 
the  Year  i  ^$5,  at  Louvain,  in  the  47th  Year  of  his  Age.      Gajpar 
Vopal  a  German,  publiflicd  his  Cofmography,  a  Defcription  ot  the 
Terref^rial  and  Calcflial  Globes;  as  likewifc  of  the  Maritime  Tarts 
of  Eurofe,  aJfia  and  Africa,  with  a  Defcription  of  the  Rhine.     He 
flourifhed  about  the  Year  1 544.     Gerard  e^ercator,  born  at  Rtire- 
rnond  in  f landers,    excelled  all  the  Geographers  of  his  Age,  or  that 
went  before  him  ;  and  all  his  Maps  were  engraven  by  himfelf :  And 
\\\%  Geographical  oAtlas  has  been,   and  always  wilLbe  eflecmed  a 
Mafler-piece  in  its  Kind.     He  died  at  T>mshHrgh,  in  the  Year  1 594, 
a"cd  81  Years,  8  Months,  and  18  Days.     Sebaftian  Mimjler,  born 
a?  Jngelhtm,  and  ProfefTor  of  Theology  and  Hebrew  at  Bajil,  wrote 
a  lars^e  Defcription  of  the  Earth,  which  he  dedicated  to  rlie  Empe- 
ror Charles  V.   He  likcwife  wrote  mofl  learned  Commentaries  upon 
Powponius  Mela  and  Soitnus.      He  died  at  Bafil,  in  1551,    of  th« 
Pla"ue,  in  the  6^  Year  of  his  Age.     William  Pojlel,  born  ztBrantoH 
in  I<formandy,  an  excellent  Mathematician,  and  fo  well  Teen  in  Lan- 
eua<Tes,  that  lie  ufed  to  fay.    He  could  travel  over  the  tuhole  Earth 
ivithoHt  an  Interpreter;  but  he  was  an  extravagant  Enthufiafl  and  Vi- 
(ionary.  He  wrote  a  Map  and  Defcription  of  Palejtine,  a  Defcription 
ofCW,  aDcfcriptionof  Etruria,  which  bethought  was  the  firfl  in- 
habited Place  in  the  Earth,  and  a  Book  of  Cofmography.     He  died 
in  the  Year  1 581,  in  the  i  lOth  Year  of  his  Age.     Volfangus  LasjiuSy 
born  at  Vienna,  and  Phyfician  to  the  Emperor  Ferdinand,  wrote  a 
Defcription  of  Greece,    with   a  Commentary  upon  the  Affairs  of 
Greece.     He  died  I5<55* '     William  Zylander,   ProfefTor  of  Mathe- 
matics at  Heidelberg,  born  at  Ausburg,  tranflated  Strabos  Geogra- 
phy.    He  died  in  the  Year  1 576,  in  the  40  Year  of  his  Age.      And 
Lafily,  The  famous  Abraham  Ortelius,  born  at  Antwerp,  and  Geo- 
arapher  to  Philip  King  of  Spain,    acquired  ai>  immenle  Glory  by 
Kis  Theatre  of  the  Vniverje.     He  died  in  the  Year  1598.     And  our 
Author  wrote  his  Compend,  as  wc  have  faid>  in  the  Year  157(5,  and 
died  in  the  Year  1601; 
HUP.»tH      This  Gentleman  was  well  feen  in  Philofophy,  and  all  the  Parts  of 
»rd  ciui.-  Mathematics,  and  of  a  mofl  charitable  Difpofition,  having  left  all 
*"'  that  he  had  acquired,  to  pious  Ufcs.     Vempfler,  who  was  well  ac- 

quainted with  him,  having  been  his  Mafter  tor  rhrce  Years  oxDowayt 
as  we  have  faid  before,  gives  him  a  large  Character,  as  a  Perfon 
of  fin^ular  Learning,  great  Probity,  Candour,  and  Svvcetnefs  of  Dif^ 
pofition.  JacohiisChynms,  fays  he,  {a)  nobjli  familia  Ainao'ia,  Prope 
Aberdoniam,  oriundus,   Parifiis  docmt  in  Barbarano,  tamo  appiauju, 

tit 

(»)  i^ciD^lui,   ubi  Tuf  i>. 


Vol.  III.  and  Pro/ejfor  of  Fhilofophy  at  Doway»  a^(\ 

ut  unicus  habcretur  qui  inter  [eculares^  focietatis  patribus  turn  maxi: 
mc  forentibus,  componeretur;  Dusicipo fiea  (^  Doiioris  C5*  Redforii  rv>VcA 
onus  ftijlinuit  ;  ubt,  ceu  tutclare  numen  etiamnum  celebratur  ad  ulti-  w!v^ 
nmm^  Nervienfx  Ecclefi&  hodie  Pxnitentiarius^  ingentes  ^  opinione 
mapres  ccnftis  relicjuity  quos  tefiamento^  Scotorum  Lutetia:  vtx  bent 
fmdato  adfigna.njit  CoUegio,  fed  fraude  per  Executores  jatta,  Varum 
pio  ufui  accefsit.  Hie  ettam  juventutem  Thomse  Dempfteri  honellis 
monitis,  ad  'virtutem  capeffendam  accendit  ^utor,  ut  Triennio  Duaci 
Jub/ijleret,  cum  juvenili  impetu  Parifios  cogitaret.  Vir  erat  magna 
probttatCt  ^  jucunda  morum,  fupra  quam  credi  pofsit,  fuai/itatc  • 
nujquam  liberalise  nifi  cum  piafubelfet  caufa. 

George  Cony  in  his  Book,  Of  the  Two-feld  State  of  Religion  a- 
mongfl  the  Scots,  fays,  That  he  was  a  Man  of  extraordinary  Erudi- 
tion and  of  great  Prudence  j  and  that  by  his  many  and  fubtile  Wri- 
tings in  Philofophy  and  Mathematics,  he  had  acquired  a  great  Re- 
putation {a).  His  Words  are,  Jacobus  Chyn£us,  ^rnagi/t  Baronis 
Jrater,  legum  authoritati  cedens,  opem  quam  Scotis  in  patria  ferrc 
nequitt,  in  Gallia  ^  Belgio  naviter  tulit.  Adortuus  efi  I'ornaci,  «- 
bi  ejus  Eccleft£  magnus  Poenitentiarius  {ut  njocant)  diu  fuerat^  bonis 
ex  ajje  legatisDusLceno  Scotorum  Semirtario.  Vtrfuit  rar&  erudttio- 
nis,  magrixque  prudent i a,  njariis,  tarn  in  Philofophia  quam  in  Ma- 
thefh  fubtilitef  eleganterque  fcriptis  (^  public  at  is  operibus  nobilifsimrts. 

Our  Author  lies  buried  in  the  Cathedral  Church  of  Te«r«4v,  ua- 
der-a  Marble  Monument,  with  this  Infcription; 

D.  O.  M.  S. 

J^EM.  Jacobi  China:!  Scotu  I.V.D.  hujus  Ecclefi/t  Caho- 
nici  ^  Panitent.  (difcipuli  quondam  M.  Joannis  Henderfoni 
Theologiy  SchoU  Aberdonenfis  Pr£fe6liy  Lutetiac,  ad.D,  Hilarii/^. 
pulti)  quiy  hoc  Jacello  exornato,  anniverfario  fundato,  ^  femina^ 
rio  Scotico^A;  ajje  herede  reliiioy  obiit^  M  DC  II.  viKalend'  No- 
vembris. 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

J.  Tr\  E  Sphxray  Lib.  1.  in  ^vo,  Duaci,  1 575. 
II-  J_V  Be  Sphxra,  feu  Clobt  Ceeleftis  fabrica,  Duaci,  in  ^vo,  1 57 J. 
III.  De  Ccographia,  Ltb.  1.  Duaci,  in  8i;o,  1 57(5. 
JV-  Orationes  l,    de  perfedo  Philofophoy    (^  de  Pr/tdiaionibus  A- 
firologprumy  Duaci,  /«8'yo,  1577. 

V.  J^nalyjls  f^  Scholia  in  ^n^koi.  Lib.  xiv.,  de  prima  five,  Divirf 4 
Philojophiay  Dasidym^SvOy  1578,    ^  Hanovia:,  i(507. 

VI.  'Jnaljffs  in  Phibjophtam  Ariftoc  Duaci,]i595,, )«  g^'t^ 


'Z2ZZ2X  THE 


(<}  Lik,  t.  P<s«  I*;. 


4<5o 


Vol.  111. 


An.  I'So;. 


THE 

LIFE  of  The  Right  Reverend  Father  in 
GOD,  JAMES  BEATON,  Arch- 
bifhop  of  Glafgow, 

TH  I  S  Reverend  Prelate  was  a  Son  of  the  Laird 
oi  Balfour s   in    Fife;    lie  liad  for  his   Grand- 
Uncle  "jamts  Beaton,  Arclibilhop  of  Si.  y^nclrewsy 
ChanccHour,    and    one    of  the  Governours  of 
Scotland,  in  King  James  the  V's  Minority )  and 
for  his  Uncle,    David  Beaton,  Cardinal,  Archbi- 
fhop  of  St.  Andrews,   and  Chancellour  of  Scotland,   of  whofe  Life 
«"ol««V.  and  Anions  we  have  given  a  particular  Account.    While  he  was 
very  young,  he  was  fent  over  by  his  Uncle  the  Cardinal  to  Prance^ 
where  he   was  taught  the  BeUes  Lettres  and  Philofophy,    at  the 
H«  enter.  Univctfity  of  Parts,  and  at  ToiHiers.    Having  learned  his  Philofo- 
jntoHoiyOr-  ^j^^^  ^^  applied  himfclf  to  Theology,  and  entred  into  Holy  Or- 
ders;   and    in   the  Year  1545,    the  Cardinal  refigned  to  him  the 
Abbacy  oi  of  y^rl^roth,  which  he  kept  till  the  Year  1551  ;  but  upon 
his  Promotion  to  the  Archbifhoprick  of  Glafgow,   he  refigned  the 
Abbacy  of  ^rhroth  to  Lord  John  Hamilton,    Son  to  the  Duke  of 
m.^Arch.  Chatelherault.     From  France  he  went  to  Italy,  where  he  was  confe- 
c'fc°"i  crate  Archbifhop  of  GUfgozv,    Tit  Rome,    tho^  18  of  Auguft  1552. 
'&^i!!W    Having  flayed  tor  feme  Time  at  Rome,  he  returned  to  B-ance,  and 
from   thence  to  Scotland.     Upon  his  Arrival  he  found  all  Things 
in  great  Diforder,   and  endeavoured  as  much  as  was  in  his  Power 
to  redify  fuch  Abufes  as  he  found  in  his  own  Diocefs,  by  frequent 
Synods  called  for  that  End;  neither  was  he  defedive  in  concurring 
with  the  other  Prelates  of  the  Nation,  in  the  Methods  that  were 
laid  down  for  the  Reforming  of  tiie  Lives  and  Manners  of  the 
Religious  and  Clergy. 
Amb.flJ*oV      Incite  1558,    our  learned  Prelate  was  chofen  by  the  Queen 
"n^VhT "'  ^^o''^^'  ^""^  ^^^  three  Eftates  of  Parliament,    as  the  chief  Perfon 
Queeo-s      in  the  Embaffy  to  France^   for  tranfacfting  of  the  Marriage  betwixt 
..^"upoVbu  Queen  Mary  and  the  Dauphin  of  France,    in  which  Negotiation, 
*■""'"'      he  acquit  himfelf  with  fuch  Prudence,    Conduct:  and  Succefs,  that 
upon  nis  Return  he  received  the  publick  Thanks  of  the  Eflatcs  of 
Parliament. 
»».' u.'ndlJ      In  the  Year  1559,  '^^'^^  Reformers,  or  the  Lords  of  the  Congrc- 
biiHouie.     gation,   as  they  called  themfelves,    having  made  a  League  with 
England  againft  France,    and  depofed  the  Queen  Regent ;  becaufc 
He  |o«o-  our  Prelate  would  not  join  with  them  in  thefe  Rebellious  Pra(5lices, 
X'°e  hTil  they  feiz'd  on  his  Houfc  and  Revenues :  And  in  the  following  Year, 
rlL^fo^oi  upon  the  Surrendring  of  the  Town  of  Lett h,  he  was  forced  to  fly 
h^'sonK^nj  to  Froiice,  where  he  remained  with  Queen  Mary,  till  that  unfortu- 
7.m,i  «h.   j^^jg  Piincefs,  upon  the  Death  of  her  Husband  the  King  of  franccy 

was 


Vol.111.  n^eLt/eof  JiiMES    BEATON,  See  ^, 


was  obliged  to  return  to  Scotland;  and  knowing,  tliat  amongft  all 
her  Subjects  flie  had  none  that  was  fo  capable  to  ferve  her  in  her 
Affairs  with  the  foreign  Courts  abroad,  fhe  left  our  learned  Pre- 
late her  Ambaffador  at  the  Court  oi  France,  in  which  Station  he 
continued  till  her  Death  ;  and  King  James  VI.  her  Son,  was  fo 
much  convinced  of  his  Fidelity  to  his  Mother  and  Jiim,  of  his  Af- 
feftjon  and  Zeal  for  his  Country,  and  of  his  Experience  and  Dexte- 
rity in  the  Management  of  publick  Affairs,  that  notwithftandina  of  his 
being  a  Roman  Cuboltck,  he  continued  him  in  the  fame  Characflcr 
conftituting  him  his  Ambaffador  at  the  Court  of  France,  by  new 
Credentials,  which  were  fent  to  him.  And  to  enable  him  to  fuftain 
the  Dignity  of  his  Characfler,  lie  rcftored  him  to  the  Temporalities 
of  his  Bifhoprick,  and  he  continued  in  that  Station  till  his  Death 
to  the  great  Satisfaction  of  his  Royal  Mafter  and  all  his  Minifters  of 
State,'    as  appears  from  many  of  their  Letters,    ftill  extant,  to  him 

Demp/leridhus,  That  our  learned  Prclat  left  in  Mfs.  to  be  printed 
after  his  Death,  a  Commentary  upon  the  Books  of  the  Kinas  ,  a  La.  of"''^wo':iL 
mentation  upon  the  deplorable  State  of  the  Kingdom  of  Scotland  •  a 
BookofControverfy  againft  the  Sectarians;  Obfervationsupon  Cra- 
turns  Decrees;  and  a  Colleaion  of  the  Scots  Proverbs  •  But  I  verv 
much  doubt  if  any  of  thefe  were  ever  publifhed,  excepting  the  Col 
ledfion  of  the  Scots  Proverbs ;  of  which  there  have  been  ft veral  Edi 
tions,  with  Mr.  Fergujfons  Additions  to  them  :  The  oldeft  of  wliich 
that  I  have  feen,  is  printed  at  Edmburgh,  i6io,  in  iimo.     Bcfides 
thefe,    there  is  in  the  to.  College  at  Paris,    die  Letters,  Papers 
and  Mci^Qirs  of  hi5  Negociations,  bound  up;  in  14  Volumes  m  Fo- 
Ito,  beginning  at  the  Year  1557,   and  continued  to  his  Death      In 
this  moft  valuable  Collection,  we  find  an  Account  of  all  the  Affairs 
and  Tranfadions  in  France,  Scotland,  and  the  other  Foreicrn  Courts 
of  Europe,- in  relation  to  Qiicen  Mary,'  from  her  Marriarrg  with  the 
Dauphin  of  France,  till  her  Death.  ^ 

Out  learned  and  worthy  Prelate  died  in  his  Lodgings  at  St.  John  H.ne.,H 
de  Later  an,  m  Paris,  upon  the  28th  Dav  pf  ^hr/7  1607  inch  *'^*^*" 
5ld  Year  of  his  Confecration ;  of  his  Age,  the  86th  Year     As  his 

^' xl  n'^r^''"    '•'ol'''"^^ -^V^P  ^^^°^'^'  "^  behalf  of  his  Roy. 
al  Miftrefs  Queen  ^ary   ,,and  her  Son  James  VI.    fhew  him  to 

have  been  one  of  the  moft  accomplifhed  Statefmen  of  hij  Aee  •   fo 

cheir  remaining  ftill  in  Mfs.  is  one  of  the  greatcftLoffes  that' the 

Republick  of  Letters  can;  Oiftaln,  for  the -clearing  of  the  Hiftory  of 

thefe  Times;  for  he  faw  SirKihas  oi  France,  and  wa^  AmbafTador 

under  five  of  their  Reigns.  ^  Andliow  grear  an  Idea,  ,n  Reafon,  muft 

we  form  to  our  fclvcs,  of  a  Perfon  wh6  was  the  thief  Manager  in 

fuch  a  Variety  of,  intricate  Affairs  as  that  unformnatePrincefs'^s  Life 

was  involved  in  ;    a  Perfon,  who  manageci  all  the  different  Interefts 

fo  wifely  and  difcreotly,  that  lie  ^ave  no  juft  Ground  of  Complaint: 

to  any  one  that  made  therrAppfication  to  him;  and  not  only  the 

Queen  s  own  Sublets,  but  all  the  Princes  Abroad  had  thVirRecourfc 

to  lum  in  all  Things  that  cdnccrnedher^>Affeirs.-A'iid  altho'  the 

A  a  a  a  a  a  ^^. 


^^I  Tl^eLt/e  of  JAMES   BEATON,  Vol.  III. 

Succefs  was  not  fuch  as  could  have  been  wifh'd  for.  Almighty  Cod 
/vArf^    intending  to  faniftifie  that  Princcfs  by  her  SufTering.s ;    yet  Hie  was 
w«v»i"    Co  fennblc  ot  his  Fidelity  and  Abilities,  that  by  her  Laft  Will  and 
Teftament,    and  with  her  dying  Breatli,  fhe  left  him  the  chief  Ma- 
nager and  Dilpofcr  of  her  worldly  Concerns,    to  the  pious  and  cha- 
ritable Purpofes  fhe  defigned  them  for.     But  that  which  gave  the 
greatcll  Lurtre  and  Beauty  to  his  Management,   was  that  Care  that 
he  took  of  the  real  Intereft  of  his  Country  amidft  all  the  Cotitu- 
flons  oi  a  Civil  War  5  and  for  which  there  are,  amongft  his  Remains, 
feveral  Letters  ot  Thanks  from  the  King,  and  from  the  whole  Towns 
and  Corporations  in  Scotland.      And  indeed  he  defervcd  no  Icfs  at 
their  Hands ;  for  he  twice  obtained  the  Renovation  of  their  ancient 
Riohts  ill  B\znce,  by  new  Patents;  firft,  in  the  Year  1558,  in  hisl-m- 
bafly  for  Queen  Marys  Marriage;  and  afterwards,  from  Henry  IV. 

in  the  Year  1 599- 

But  what  mod  concerns  our  prefent  Purpofc  and  Defign  is,  That 
he  was  not  only  a  Man,  of  great  Learning  himfelf,  but  a  great  En- 
coura^er  of  it  in  others;  and  this  he  did,  not  only  by  giving  them 
his  be^  Advice  in  their  Studies,  and  recommending  tnem  to  the 
Qiieen,  and  all  tlie  other  Princes' and  Ambaffadors  whom  he  had 
any  Interell  with  ;  but  by  aflifting  them  plentifully  with  Money  out 
oi  his  own  Pocket,  for  profecuting  of  their  Studies.  And  amongft 
thefe  who  acknowledged  publickly  our  learned  Prelat's  Adiftance 
this  way,  were  the  two  Blackwoods,  the  Lawyer  and  the  Phyfician; 
Mr.  Ninian  IVinz^et,  Mr.  Thomas  Winter-hope,  Mr.  "John  Hamilton, 
Mr.  oArchibald  Htwilton,  Mr.  John  fraz^r,  Mr.  Ja^nes  Leith  and 
Mr.  Thomas  Biccarton.  And  here  I  cannot  but  inl'ert  a  very  hand- 
fom  Epigram  of  Mr.  Biccarton  s,  to  this  Purpore5  who,  in  dedica- 
cating  his  Book  of  Bees  to  the  Archbifhop,  tells  him,  TW  he  has 
not  Gold  to  return  him,  for  the  Gold  he  had  received  from  him ;  but  he 
zuould  return  him  what  was  much  more  valuable  than  either  fewels  or 
Gold,  which  was  hisVerfes  -yfor  Gold  and  precious  Stones  were  tranfito- 
ry  and  periJhingThings,  but  his  Verfes  zvould  be  of  eternal  'Duration. 

Ad  Reverendiflimum  in  Chrifto  Patrem,  D.  Jacobum  Beatomm,  Ar- 
chiepifcopum  Glafguenfem,  JacobiY.ScotonimKeoisoti.\inatkim 
in  Galliis  Oratorem. 

QV  J  me  tot  meritis  oUm  cumulare  folebas, 
San6le  Tater,  vita  luxque  decufque  men : 
Non  tute  inqrato  mihi  munera  tanta  dedifli  5 
Ingratos  odi  defufioque  viros. 
Semper  agam,  meritas  haliturus  pedorc  grates, 

Et  memori  condam  munera  mente  tua. 
Et  licet  a  te  ftm  campis  dijlradus  (^  undis, 

Jpfe  tamen  meriti  Jum  memor  ufque  tut. 
Et  licet  argenti  ftm  vel  paupenirfju-s  aur't 
Jpfe  mets  opibus  carmtne  grctm-  cro. 


Vol.111.  ^rcUiJhop  of  GhCgow^  /^6j 

Nofira  igitur  phcido  jam  refpice  munera  'vultUy 

Et  ciipe  niellificas  (Candide  PrccfuJ j  apes :  7>vN#^ 

Vona  quidem  gemmis  longe  mdiora  vel  auro ;  ^JtJ,^ 

Gemma,  aurum  pereunt,  Carmina  morte  carent. 
H^c  tibi  ftsordt,  Ledtor,  meliora  dal>oqu€, 

yirrijura  am  mo  for/it  an  ilia  tuo. 

Befides  our  learned  Prelate's  Liberality  and  Protecfbion  to  all  Scho- 
lars, for  wliicti  lie  was  call'd  The  AUcenas  of  Scotland,  lie  made  up 
a  Bibliorhec  for  the  Scots  Students  at  Tarts,  of  the  beft  Editions 
of  the  moft  valuable  Books  in  all  the  Sciences,  conHftin^  of  above 
(k)0  Volumes,  moft  of  them  all  in  Rlio.  At  his  Death"  he  left  to 
the  Scots  College  at  Parts,  all  tiie  Riches  he  had  acquired  by  his 
being  Arclibifhop  of  C/^j^ozc;,  Abbot  of  L^w/j  in  Po/V/om,  Queftor 
of  St.  Hilary,  and  Prior  of  St.  Peter  of  Tontoyfe.  All  which  Places 
in  France,  he  enjoyed  by  the  Favour  of  his  Royal  Miftrefs  Queen 
e^ary. 

Archbifhop   Spotiftoood,    fpeaking  of  our  Author'?  Death,    fays, 

*  That  the  King  being  at  'Burleigh  Houfe,    near  to  Stamford,  got 

*  Notice  of  his  Death.      This  Man  was  defccnded  of  the  Houfe  of 

*  Balfour  in  Fife,  and  conlecrate  Bifhop  at  Rome,  in  tlic  Year  1551. 

*  And  at  the  Time  of  the  Reformation,    forfooic  his  Country,    out 

*  of  the  Hatred  he  bore  to  tho(e  tiiat  had  a  Hand  in  that  Work, 

*  and  carried  with  him  all  the  Writs  and  Evidents  of  the  See  of 

*  Glafgow,  with  the  VefTels  and  Ornaments  of  the  Cathedral  Church, 

*  Things  of  exceeding  great  Worth;    for  befides  thefe  of  ordinary 

*  Ufe,  there  belonged  to  that  Church  the  Image  of  our  Saviour  in 

*  beaten  Gold,    and  the  Pourtraits  of  the  Twelve  Apoftles,  in  Silver. 

*  The  Queen  returning  from  [ranee,  did  eflablifh  him  AmbafTador 
'  in  thefe  Parts  for  her  Affairs.     Under  the  Government  of  the.Re- 

*  gents,  he  was  forfeited  and  deprived  of  his  Living  ;  which,  as  wc 
*'have  fhewed  before,  was  conferred  upon  Mr.  fames  Boyd  of  Troch- 
'  rig,  and  after  him,  went  thro' divers  Hands,  till  the  King,  at.  his 
*■  Majority, '  did  reflore  him  to- his  Dignity,  Honour  and  Livin^^  ctri- 
*■,  ploying  him  likewife  for  his  Ambaffador  in  France.     A  Man  ho- 

*  nourably  difpofed;    faithful  to  the  Queen  whilft  fhe  lived,  and  to 

*  the  Kuig  her  Son  ;    a  Lover  of  his  Country,    and  liberal,-  accord-' 

*  ing  to  his  Means,,  to  all  his  Countrymen.     In  his  lafl  Will  he  be- 

*  queathcd  all  his  Means  to  pious  Ufes,  leaving,  as 'twas  faiii,  Ten 

*  thoufand  Crowns,  for  the  Education  of  poor  Scholars  being  Sa^J- 
*wcn\iotn.      The  Evidents,  Ornaments  and  Veffel  of  the  See  .of 

*  Gla(gow,  he  configned  in  the  Hands  of  the  Carthuftans  in  TariSi 
'appointing  the  fame  to  be  redelivered  how  Coon  Glafgow  fhoiild 

*  )t)ecoiiie  Catholick. 

,  That  the  Archbifhop  was  ai  trui  and  Zealous  Son  to  the  Church 
p{  Rome,  cannot  be  denied ;  yea,  fo  zealous  was  he,  that  he  bef^ow- 
cd  all  tjiat  he  had  in  the  World  for  maintaining  fo  many  J'lO^/. Stu- 
dents, wiio  were  obliged,  when  fully  irtflfa<fted  in  thoPrincipldi  and 

A  a  a  aa  a  %  Do- 


4^4  The  Life  of  ]  AMES  BEATON,  Vol.  I j'f. 

Docftrine  of  tlic  Cluircli  ot  Rome,  to  go  lionic  Milfionarics  to  Scotland, 
'^y^_  to  convert  the  Proteftants :  And  fo  fond  was  he  of  this  Society,  that 
^^'^^^'^^  in  one  of  his  Letters  to  Queen  Mary  he  tells  her,  That  if  it  were 
not  for  her  Buflnefs,  he  would  have  retired  himfclf  from  tlie  World, 
and  lived  amongft  them.  But  that  upon  this  Account,  That  he  bore 
a  Hatred  to  any  Man,  as  SpotifwooJ  lays,  is  highly  improbable,  and 
difl'ers  from  tlic  Character  that  is  civen  him  by  all  the  Hidorians 
of  the  Romijh  Church ;  who  represent  him  as  a  Man  full  of  Mcek- 
nefs,  Holincfs  and  Charity.  And  as  for  the  Evidents  and  Orna- 
ments of  the  Church,  which  he  took  alongfl:  with  him,  I  fhall  give 
the  Reader  a  particular  Account  of  them,  as  I  Jiad  it  tranfmitted  to 
me  from  Paris. 

'Tis  to  be  obfcrved,  that  the  Records  of  Churches  were  either 
what  belong'd  properly  to  the  Bilhop,  containing  his  Rights,  and  the 
Tithes  of  (uch  Cluirches  and  Lands,  as  properly  belong'd  to  the 
fpifcopal  Man(e,  or  what  belong'd  to  the  Chapter,  and  contain'd 
their  Riglits,  Privileges  and  Titles:  Of  thefe  belonging  to  the  firft 
Part,  to  wjt,  what  properly  belonged  to  the  Bifhop;  they  are  wart- 
ting  for  the  mofl  Part,  till  Robert  the  Bruce  his  Time,  having  been 
deuroyed,  as  appears,  during  the  long  Pcrfecution  and  Imprifon- 
ment  of  the  Loyal  Bifhop  Wtpecirt,  during  Edward  Langpank's 
Invafion,  who  deftroyed  the  Houfcsj  Writs,  and  all  that  belong'd 
to  that  worthy  Prelate;  yet  fome  of  thefe  are  ftill  preferved  in  the 
Cartlmjtans  21  Parts:  But  the  Original  Records  of  the  Chapter  are 
much  more  intire,  and  contain  1 5  Charters  of  our  Kings  before 
Robert  the  Bruce,  whereof  the  Ancienteft  is  one  of  King  David  I. 
in  the  Year  1 14.^.  There  are  alfo  14  original  Bulls  of  Popes,  pre- 
ceedina  King  Robert  the  Bruce's  Time,  whereof  the  ancientell  is 
one  or  Pope  Alexander  the  III.  in  the  Year  1172,  being  a  very 
large  Parchment,  containing  a  Confirmation  of  the  Chapter's  Right, 
of  the  free  Elcdlion  of  their  Bifhops,  of  their  antient  Rites,  and 
Liturgy  in  Divine  Service,  [ecundum  u[um  Sarum,  and  of  their  other 
Privileges  and  Rights,  fubfcribed  by  the  Pope  and  nine  Cardinals: 
The  other  Charters  are  of  Bifhops,  Abbots  and  Noblemen,  where- 
of there  are  above  50  Originals,  with  their  Seals,  all  preceeding  Ro- 
bert the  Bruce s,  Reign;  and  during  his  Reign,  and  downwards, 
there  arc  a  great  Number  of  Originals  of  all  Sorts. 

The  Chartularies  of  Glafgow  are  two  in  Number,  the  largeft  is 
written  in  the  Reign  of  ujlexander  the  II.  and  III.  and  all  before 
Robert  the  Bruce,  except  an  Appendix  of  latter  Pieces  at  the  End, 
written  in  the  1 5th  Century,  where  there  is  alfo  infert  a  fhort  Chro- 
nology of  memorable  Events  happened  in  Scotland,  beginning  ac 
Malcom  the  III.  and  St.  Margaret's  Marriage,  in  the  Year  of  our  Lord 
1067,  and  ending  in  the  Year  141 5,  at  which  Time  it  was  written. 
The  other  Chartulary  is  written  during  the  Reign  oi  Robert  the  IIL 
or  thereabout.  There  are  alfo  two  Protocols,  or  Regiflers  of  the 
Chapter  oiGlaJgow,  byCuthbert  Simon  their  Notary,  containing  Ads 
pad  in  the  Chapter,  and  others  regarding  the  Church  and  City  of 

Claf. 


Vol.  Ill  Archbijhop   of  Glafgow.  ^^^ 

Glafgowy   from  the  Year  1499*   till  the  Year  1541.     AH  thefe  are 

flill  prefervcd,  I'arcly  in  the  Carthufians^    and  partly  in  the  Sms    '^''^^ 

College  at  Farts.  v^^nJ^S^* 

As  to  the  Statutes  and  old  Reliquaries  belonging  to  the  Treafury 
and  which  Spotifuood  puts  Co  high  a  Value  upon,  before  the  Prior 
of  the  drZ/j^yM^JWoiild  accept  of  them,  thev  were  all  eftimate  and 
weighed  by  a  Gold  Smith,  in  Prefence  of  a  ComiHary  of  the  Chate-i 
letor  JulUceof  PrtWj,  of  the  Pridr  of  the  C^rr/;«yJ"^w,  oftheArch- 
bifhop's,  Executory  Teftamentar  and  others,  and  an  Autiienticic  Adt 
drawn  thereupon,    by  publicic  Authority,    comaining   each  Statue, 
and  other  Pieces  of  Silver  Work  by  it  felf,  in  particular,    together 
with  it's  Weight:  As  alfo  the  Prior's  Proteftation  bearin^r,  That  he 
nieant  not  to  engage  himfeif  or  his  SiJccefTors,    to    be  anfwerablc 
for  them,     further  than  to  conferve  them  as  a  Depofition  with  all 
poflible  Care,  and  render  them  to  wliom  iney  fhould  belong  j  and 
this  Ad  figned  by  all  prefent  flill  remains,  dated  the  z6th  of  Ju- 
ly 160^,  and  thefe  Statues,  and  the  other  Silver  Work,  which  had 
been  thefe  lOO  Years  bygone,  crammed  up  in  an  old  Chcft,   when 
broke,  fome  of  them  were  in  the  Year  1709,  more  orderly  placed 
and  at  large  with  the  ahcielnt  Writs  of  Glcifgovj^   and  the  original 
Writs  and  Titles  of  the  Scots  College,     within   the  Treafury    or 
Charter-Houfe  of  the  Carthnjians  •  and  at  the  Transferring  of  them, 
they  were  coUationate  with  tHe  forefaid  A<fl:,  made  in  the  Year  l6oi 
and  found  intirely  agreeing  thereto. 

The  Pieces  ot  moft  Value  are  the  following  Statues,  one  of  Sc 
Mungo,  weighing  8  Merks  of  Silver,  one  of  St.  Nicolas,  valued  at 
30  Merks  of  Silver,  one  of  the  lyefle.d  Virgin,  and  our  Saviour  in 
her  Arms,  weighing  nine  Merks  ot  Silver,  one  of  the  Blefled  Vir- 
gin and  St.  Jo^«,  weighing  8  Merks  and  4  Ounces  of  Silver  :  The 
reft  confift  in  lefler  Statdds.  Reliquaries  and  CrofTes,  and  amongft 
other  Things,  there  is  the  ancient  Seal  of  the  Chapter  of  Glafmv 
double,  weighing  one  Merk  and  two  Ounces  of  Silver;  but  as  for 
our  Savioufjs  Pidure  in  Gold,  and  the  il  Apoftles  in  Silver  men- 
tiond' in  5'p(j///ctW,  they  are  neither  mention'd  in  the  Writs,  or  the 
leaft  Veftige  of 'them  amongft  the  Reliquaries;  by  which  it  plain- 
ly appears.  That  the  Bifhop  was  mifinformed  in  this  Affair.  George 
Con,  fpeaking  of  our  Prelat,  highly  commends  him  for  his  Z^I 
to  the  Roman  Catholick  Religion,  and  fays,  That  he  left  eicrluy 
Thoufand  Livres  to  the  Scots  Colleo[e.     His  Words  are,    '^ 

In  his,  VTAtcr  landatos,  frimas  partes  phi  vindic  at  Jzcohns'&e.tomuSy 
GhCu,ucnUs  archtepifcopM  ^  qui,  nafcentt  inScoi\zHAre/i,  adolejcens 
diu  rejlitit.  Ncque  pu  cauJA  in  Gallia,  quo  jolum  vcrtere  coad/u  f/?, 
defuft  i  nam  dccerpta  parte  ex  antiuis  Sacerdotiorum  qu£  pojsidebatt 
Collegium  alen(}ts  Scous  infiituit,  dotavitque  Parifiis,  oCluagmtanifaL 
lor,  /.//'r<7r«wGallicarum  millibiu.  Hie  nullis  promifsis  aut  rationibw 
induct  potuit,  ut  Ecclefu  fux  jura  aut  titulum  in  hdreticum  hominem 
Aer^vari  (^  transfern  pateretur;  cujus  adrhiniflrationem,  unofupra 
auinquaginta  annos,  omni  conatufibi  vindicavit:  ^^oritnt  vcrd  »'- 

Bbbbbb  \i^ 


4tf<5  The  Life  of  JAMES   BEATON,  Vol.  III. 

niverfarn  EccUftdjlicam  ftipeUed^filem,  apud  Patres  T).  Brunoni<;,  dtpo- 
f^f^  po/iii  jure,  reliqmt,  cum  Catholica  fde,  hrevi,  ut  ipje  aniwo  concipic- 
"^^^     ht,  Glafgoam  tranjfortandam. 

As  for  our  Prelate's  Legacy  to  the  Scots  College  at  Tarts.,  the 
Matter  of  fa(fl  is  as  follows :  After  the  Death  of  Patrick  Hepburn, 
the  laft  Popifh  Bifhop  of  Murray,  in  the  Year  1573,  ^'^e  Care  of 
this  Foundation,  as  of  all  the  Scots  Students  in  Parts,  devolved  on 
the  Archbifhop  o^Glafgow;  who,  both  by  the  Pcnflons  he  procured 
for  them  from  the  Queen,  and  by  his  own  Liberality,  did  confidc- 
rably  augment  their  Number :  And  amorgfl  others,  he  obtained  a 
Pcnfion  for  Mr.  Thomas  Winterhope,  who  had  the  Care  of  the  Scots 
foundation,  in  the  Year  1 580-  The  moft  part  of  tlie  Popifh  Bifhops 
bemg  then  dead,  our  Archbifhop  obtained  a  Bull  from  Pope  Crr^ory 
XIU.  whereby  a  Licence  was  given  to  theStudentsof  the  ScotsCol- 
le^e  at  Paris,  to  receive  Holy  Oiders  from  the  Bifhops  of  Paris  or 
Meaux,  without  DimifTorials  from  their  Diocefuns. 

Upon  the  Death  of  Queen  Miry,  the  Students  being  deprived  of 
her  Alhftance,  and  our  Prelate  being  reduc'd  himfelf  to  great  Straits, 
their  Numbers  were  confiderably  diminifhed,  and  remained  in  that 
Condition  till  our  Archbifhop's  Death  ;  at  which  Time  our  Prelar, 
for  the  Encouragement  of  Learning  amongfl  his  Countrymen,  left 
by  Teftament  all  that  he  had  in  France,  confifting  in  a  Houfe,  his 
Moveables,  and  fomc  Debts  owing  him,  towards  the  Settling  in  the 
Univerfity  of  Paris  a  new  Foundation  of  Scots  Students,  of  whatfo- 
ever  Dioccfs  they  were,  found  fit  for  any  Preference,  except  of  thofe 
that  bore  the  Name  of  Beaton,  defcended  of  the  Houfe  of  'Balfour 
in  Fife,  wlio  were,  ceteris  paribus,  to  be  preferred :  And  for  the  Ad- 
miflion  of  Maflers  and  Students,  "the  Hearing  Accompts,  and  whole 
Government ;  he  left  the  Prior  of  the  Carthuftans  at  Pans,  during 
their  Time,  fole  Superiors  for  all  Times  coming.  This  Foundation, 
according  to  the  Archbifhop's  Intentions,  was  afterwards  incorpo- 
rate by  publick  Authority,  and  united  to  the  ancient  College  of  Gri- 
ft; and  both  together,  by  tlie  Defignation  of  Tlje  Scots  College  of 
Parts,  have  ever  fince  remained  under  the  Diredfion  of  the  Car- 
thujlans. 

The  Meafures  that  our  Prelat  took  in  this  Foundation,  was  one 
of  the  lafl  A(5fions  of  his  Life,  which  happened  juft  after  he  had  re- 
ceived the  News  of  King  James's  Acceffion  to  the  Throne  of  Eng- 
land,  which  the  King  acquainted  him  of  by  a  Letter  he  wrote  to 
him  in  his  Journey  from  Tork ;  but  it  did  not  arrive  till  after  the 
Archbiihop's  Death:  Which,  as  we  have  faid,  happened  the  25th 
of  j4pril,  i60j,  in  his  own  Lodgings  at  St.  John  de  Lateran  in  Pa- 
ris ;  where  his  Body  was  interred,  within  a  Leaden  Coffin,  in  the 
Bleffed  Virgin's  Chapel,  hard  by  the  Altar :  And  over  his  Body  was 
ereded  a  Marble  Monument,  with  his  Bufl  and  Epitaph.  His  Fu- 
neral Sermon,  which  was  afterwards  printed,  was  preached  by  Mr. 
Peter  Coyer,  Dodor  of  Theology,  and  ProfefTor  Royal  of  the  Orien- 
tal Languages,  before  the  Pope's  Nuncio,    feveral  Bifhops,    and  a 

great 


p 


v<v^ 


VoK  III.  jirchbijho^  of  Qhi^ovj.  ^^ 

great  many  Pcrfons  of  Quality.    The  Infcription  upon  his  Tomb  is 

as  tollovvs :  /svA.^ 

)  Rdful  ^  Orator  fuerat,  qui  maximpu  orbis 
u^tate  hac,  parvo  marmore  contegitur. 
Gluinquaginta  unum  Praful  tranjegerat  annoSy 
^jtadraginta  duos  Regia  jujfa  jubii. 
Sex  rjtdit  Eeges  Gallorum,  quinque  (ecutuf 

Orator ;    tatri&  profuit  ujque  Jua. 
EJl  voto  fru^us,  Scotos,  Anglofque  fub  uno 

Vnius  Scoti  njiderat  imperio. 
Illud  reftabat,  "voluit  quod  utrofque  fub  unum 

Divm£  legis  mittier  imperium. 
G^uodque  fuum  cupiit  Regem  'venerarier,  ^  mors 

Fertur  in  hoc  uno  practpitajje  jenem. 
lUe  oratorum,  quos  Scotia  [ola  fuperbos 
Mitttt  ad  Heroas,  ultimus  extiterat,: 
Vltimus  iliorum  quos  magna  'Qmznnidi' fcuiti 
Sedfa  txturbavit  dcvia^  Ptdful  erat- 

Many  other  Epitaphs  and  Poems  were  compofed  inPraifeof  ont 
Prelat,  by  the  moft  eminent  Wits  of  that  Age ;  but  I  (hall  conclude 
this  Account  of  his  Life  with  the  following  Epigrams,  compofed 
by  Joannes  Cejfdus  a  Frenchman. 

Haenix  prifca  novat  Phariac  miracula  terrA, 
Soltus  /Egypti  nam  loca  fola  colit : 
u4t  tu  Scotorum  decus  ^  pars  maxima^  Pr/efulj 
Vnus  es  e  muitis  quem  loca  multa  colunt. 

The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

I.  XiVr  Libros  Regum  Comment  aria,  Mfi. 
JL  II.  Deploratto  Regni  Scotise,  Mfs. 
III.  Controverfis.  contra  Se6iariosy  Mfs. 

IV.  Jn  Decretum  Gratiani  ObJervationeSy  Mfs, 

V.  The  Scots  Proverbsy  in  iimoy  i6i^   and  in  divers  other  Tears. 

VI.  Letters  and  Memoirs  of  State  ^ffairsy  in  Mis.  in  i (^Volumes  in 
Folio,  preferred  in  the  Scots  College  at  Paris;  beginning  at  the  Tear 
I557j»  ^"^  continued  till  his  Death. 


P 


Bbbbbb  I  THE 


468 


Vol.  IIL 
THE 

Life  oiWILlAM  BARCLAT,  Doaor 
of  the  Laws,  and  Profeflbr  of  the  Civil  Law 
at  Afjgers. 

HIS  Gentleman  was  dcfccnded  from  an  Ancient 
and  Honourable  Family  in  the  Shire  of  uiherdeen, 
and  was  related  to  a  great  many  noble  Families  («), 
as  his  Bore-brief,  granted  by  King  James  VI.  bears, 
"''r.^e'sc         ^^^L.  ^^  ^^^^  hoxn  in  the  Shiie  ot  Aberdeen^  in  the  Year 

Educ.i.on.  oF  our  Lord  1541.     In  his  younger  Years  he  was 

engaged  in  the  Service  of  Queen  Mary,  and  fpent  the  moft  of  his 
Fortune  at  Court;  but  being  btv^ught  up  in  the  Popifh  Religion,  and 
HeBo.,0-  the  ReformatioH  prevailing  in  Scotland,    he  went  over  to  France : 
"hVreheXl  And  havlng  entirely  neglecfted  to  improve  tlvofc  natural  Parts  with 
diesibeUw.  ^i^jch  he  was  endued,  he  applied  himfelf  to  the  'Belles  Lettres,  tho' 
he  was  then  in  tlie  30th  Year  of  his  Age ;  and  by  a  conflant  and  fe- 
dulous  Application,    in  a  few  Years  he  became  eminent  for  his 
Knowledge,  not  only  in  them  but  in  Philofophy,  and  in  the  Laws, 
which  he  ftudied  at  Bourges, '  under  the  famous  Cujacius,   under 
whom  he  received  his  Degree  of  DocHror  in  die  Civil  and  Canon 
Law. 

Mr.  Edwond  Hay  his  own  Countryman,  and  a  famous  /f/w/V, 
(  of  whom  wc  fhart  have  Occafion  afterwards  to  fpcak  )  having 
great  Credit  with  the  Duke  of  Lorrnin,  wiio  had  newly  founded 
the  Univerflty  of  Font-amoHJJon.,  got  him  efbblifhed  ProfefTor  of 
the  Civil  Law  there ;  and  the  Duke  finding  him  to  be  a  Perfon 
of  great  Wifdom  and  Integrity,  he  made  him  one  of  his  Counfel- 
lors,  and  Mafter  of  Requefts  to  his  Hofpital,  in  the  Year  1581: 
He  married  jinna  de  Mallaville,  who  bore  to  him  John  Barclay, 
the  famous  Author  of  the  Argents :  His  Son  had  no  fooner  at- 
tain'd  to  a  competent  Age,  but  Mr,'  Hay  and  the  reft  of  the  fefu- 
itis  at  Pont-amouj]on,  who  had  been  his  great  Patrons,  would  needs 
have  him  enter  his  Son  in  their  Society  5  but  our  Author  oppofing 
this,  and  having  abfolutely  refufed  them  that  Favour,  they  never 
refted,  till  they  brought  him  in  Difgracc  with  the  Duke  of  Lor- 
rain. 

Xing  James  the  VI.  having  invited  all  the  learned  Men  of  his 
Country  that  were  abroad   to   England,    defigning  to  give  them 
Places  in  his  own  Dominions,  according  to  their  Merit,  and  there- 
by to  endeavour  to  gain  them  over  to  the  Communion  of  the 
HegtMo-  Church  of  England:  Our  Autlior  came  overamongfl  the  reft,  and 
/«V°whe«  was  highly  careflcd  by  King  James,  who  offered  to  fettle  a  confide- 
F^oiTr^wuh  ^^^^  Penfion  upon  him,   to  make  him  ProfclTor  of  the  Civil  Law, 
the  K,o£.     in  fome  of  the  Univcrfities,  and  one  of  his  Privy  Counfellors,  if  he 

would 

(•)  S«e  Moiiei/  and  fiail't  OiQioniiiet ;   Demfllcr,  Lib.  a.  P.  i  ig. 


Vol.  III.  The  Ltfe  of  VJ  nil  AM  BARCLAY,  ^c.  4^5, 

would  declare  himfclf  0/  the  Communion  of  the  Church  oF  Eng- 
land; and  inany  were  in  Hopes  that  he  would  be  aain'd  over,  be-    r*^^^>^ 
caufe  he  published  a  Book,    wherein  he  vindicates    the  Power  ot    ^^v^ 
Kings,  from  the  unjuft  Pretenfions  and  Encroachments  of  the  See 
of  RoMC ;    but  thefe  Hopes  and  Expedations  proved  v»in  and  ill 
grounded,    for  when  our  Author  found,   that  he  could  expcdl  no 
Encoui-agement  in  England  without  renouncing  his  Religion,   he 
rctnrn'd  to  France,    in  the  Beginning  of  the  Year  1(^04.     And' not     Her.turm 
long  after  his  Landing,    he  was  made  ProfeHbr  of  tiie  Laws  at  the  \°Jr2i> 
Univerfity  of  Angers,    where  he  went  every  Diy  to  School,  atten-  ^S"'  *' 
ded  by  a  Servant,  who  went  bare-headed  before  him,  he  himfelf  ha- 
ving a  rich  Robe  lined  with  Ermine,    the  Train  of  wiiich  was  fup- 
ported  by  two  Servants,    and  his  Son  upon  his  Right  Hand,    and 
there  hung  about  his  Neck  a  great  Chain  of  Gold,    witii  a  Medal 
of  Cold,  with  his  own  Pidure;    but  it  Teems,    that  this  his  extrava- 
gant Pride  and  Vanity,   reduced  him  to  great  Poverty  in  his  old 
Aoc,  if  wc  may  believe  Dempjier. 

^This  learned  Gentleman  has  obliged  the  Publick,  with  a  Book  AnAccount 
upon  the  Autlionty  ot  the  Pope,  and  how  far  his  Jurifdidlion  ex-  '^'"•''""^ 
tends  oyer  Secular  Princes:  This  has  been  fcveral  Times  printed  in 
Latin,  and  tranflated  into  Englijh,  and  publiilied  at  London  in  161 1, 
in  4/0. 

In  the  Year  1^05,  he  publifhed  at  Paris  a  Commentarv  upon 
that  Title  ot  the  Panders,  de  rebus  credttis  ^  de  jure  mrando  In 
the  Year  i(5oo,  he  publifhed  a  moft  learned  Defence  of  the  Recral" 
or  Monarchical  Government,  againft  Buchannan,  Brutus,  Bucherus 
and  all  other  Amimonarchical  Writers,  in  6  Books :  And  for  the 
Reader's  Satisfadion,  I  fhall  give  fbme  of  our  Author's  Obfervati- 
ons,  and  Anfwers  to  Buchannan  s  Ubjedfions.  Buchannan,  in  his 
Book,  de  j^ire  regni  apud  Scotos,  lays  down  this  Pofltion,'  as' the 
Ground-work  ot  all  his  Performances,  That  the  Scots  Kings  have 
no  Power,  but  what  is  granted  them  by  the  People  reprefented  in 
Parliament ;  and  that  it  is  in  the  Power  of  every  private  Man  to 
call  .them  to  an  Account  of  their  Adions.  Our  Author  {hzws  the 
Fal^ihood  of  this  from  the  Cpnflitution  of  our  Monarchy,  which 
is  hereditary,  and  not  ele^ivc,  as  he  endeavours  moft  'falfly  and 
maliciouily  to  reprefcnt  it.  And  all  the  Inflances^hat  Buchannan 
brings  from  pur  Hiftory,  to  prove  that  our  Kings  were  called  in. 
fo  Queflion,  and  punifhed  for  their  Mal-adminiftration,  are  foun- 
ded upon  Rebellions,  and  the  Kaions  of  the  Ufurpers  of  the  Re- 
gal Authority,  whom  he  has  all  along  induftrioufly  endeavoured 
to  reprefcnt  as  our  lawful  Kings :  Befides,  fays  our  Author  it  is 
well  known  how  many  palpable  Lies  and  Falfhoods  Buchannan 
wrote,  in  the  latter  Part  of  his  Hiftory,  againft  Q^ueen  Mary  and 
lier  Son,   to  render  him  an  Author  of  no  Credit  or  Veracity: 

Buchannan  takes  it  for  granted,  That  all  Kings  were  chof^en  at 
firfl  by  t.icix  People,  and  confequently,  that  they  are  anfwerable  to 
%\Kil  People  for  their  Adminiftration.     Our  Author,  in  Anfwer  to 

Gccccc  this. 


470  The  Ltfe  of  VflLLl  AM  BARCLAY,  Vol.  I  If. 

this,  fays,  (a)  That  tlie  People  are  only  employed  by  (lOD,  for 
f^fy"^^    eftabllfhing  ot  Kings  over  them,  and  that  they  derive  their  Aiitho- 
C{*S^    rltv  folely  from  Him ;    and  this  he  does,  either  by  his  Theocracy, 
or  by  a  Patriarclial  Right,  granted  to  Adam  and  his  Dcfcendants, 
and  alway^in  the  Sacied  Writ,    he  claims  this  as  his  fole  Prcroga-' 
tivc :    Tims  I  Sam-  Chapter  xv,  Verfe  18.     Samuel  fays  to  Saul, 
The  Lord  hath  rent  the  kingdom  of  Jfrael  from  thee  this  day,   and 
hath  ginjen  it  to  a  neighbour  of  thine\    that  is  better  than  thou.     So 
GOD  fpeaking  bv   me  Propliet  Nathan  to  David,  fays,    1  Sam. 
xii.   7.  Thus  J'aith  the  Lord  Cod  ofljraet,  J  anointed  thee  king  ovet' 
Jfrael :    And  lus  Son  Solomon  i\)txde  a  grateful  Acknowledgment,  as 
holding  his  Kingdom  only  of  the  LORD  GOD  of  Jfrael;  and  thd 
Queen  o( Sheba  told  him,  i  ICingSj  x.  o.  That  becaufe  the  Lord  loved 
Jfrael  for  ever,  therefore  made  he  thee  king  to  do  judgment  and  ju flic c. 
And  when  Solomon  turiaed  his  Heart  from  thfeLord,  he  was  minded 
of  his  Holding  his  Kingdom  of  God  only,  and  not  of  the  People; 
and  that  as  he  had  given  the  Kingdom  to  him,  fo  he  would  take 
it  from  him.   Chap.  xi.  7.  Wherefore  the  Lord  ^aid  unto  Solomon,  Rr 
as  much  as  this  is  done  of  thee,    and  thou  hafl  not  kept  my  covenant 
and  my  fiatutes  which  J  have  commanded  thee,  I  will  jure  ly  rend  the 
kingdom  from  thee,  and  will  give  it  to  thy  fervant.    And  in  the  14th 
Chapter  he  tells  Jeroboam,  Solomon's  Succeffor,  Verfe  y  ScB.  That 
he  had  exalted  him  amongfl  the  people,  and  made  him  prince  over  JJ- 
rael-     By  all  which  (fays  our  Author)  and  many  other  Paffages  of 
Scripture,  it  appears,  that  God  alfumes  it  as  his  peculiar  Prerogative, 
to  have  the  fole  Power  over  Kings,  and  the  Difpofing  of  their  King- 
doms ;   and  for  the  People  to  claim  it  as  belonging  to  them,    is  a 
blafphemous  Prefumption  :  And  therefore  God,  through  the  whole 
facred  Scriptures,  commands  and  requires  our  Subjedtion  to  them, 
he  being  the  fole  Lord  and  K^ing  of  the  Univerfe,  to  whom  they  arc 
only  accountable.   And  this,  David,  a  Man  according  to  God's  own 
Heart,  acknowledged  in  the  following  Words,  in  the  Prcfence  of  all 
his  People,    i  Chron.  xxix,  10.    And  David  f aid,   iBlejJed  be  thou. 
Lord  God  of  Jfrael-,  our  Father,  for  ever  and  ever :   Thine,  O  Lord, 
is  the  greatnefs,    and  the  power,  and  the  glory,  and  the  vi£lory,  and 
the  majefly ;  for  all  that  ts  in  the  heaven  and  in  the  earth,  is  thine : 
it  belongs  to  thee  to  reign,  O  Lord;   and  thou  art  exalted  above  all: 
both  riches  and  honours  come  of  thee,  and  thou  ir eigne fi  over  alii   and 
in  thine  hand  is  poiver  and  might,  and  in  thine  hand  ft  is  to  make  great 
and  to  give  ftren^th  unto  all:    Now  therefore,  ■  we  thank  thee,  and 
praife  thy  glorious  name.     And  this  Empire  of  God  is  eternal;    and 
therefore  he  is  called  in  th^  Apocalypfe,  The  King  of  ages.     It  is  ab- 
folute;    and  therefore  the  Author  of  the  Book  of  iVtjdom,   rightly 
obferves.  Chap.  xii.  V.  I2,  For  who  pall  fay.  What  ha  fi  thou  done  ? 
or  who  /hall  withfland  thy  judgment  ?    or  who  jhall  accufe  thee  for 
the  nations  that  perifl],  whom  thou  haft  made  ?     And  we  find  that 
God  exerced  vifibly  by  himfelf  this  his  Empire  over  the  Sons  of 

Men, 


Vol.  III.      T)oaor  of  the  Laws,  and  Trofejfor  of  the  Laio  at  Angers.       47/ 

Men  from  tlie  Beginning  of  the  [World ;  for  then  he  was,  and  ftiif 
is,  not  only  their  Creator,  but  their  King.  He  gave  un^o  o/idam,  'VV^ 
Cen.  iii.  fucli  a  Precept  ashepleafed,  and  told  him  the  Puniflimenc  ^4f>\^ 
he  was  to  undergo  if  he  broke  it.  And  when  he  broke  that  Com- 
mand, he  baniflied  him  from  his  Prefence  ;  that  is  to  fay,  he  de- 
dared  to  him,  That  by  his  Difobedience  he  had  brought  himfelf 
under  the  Bondage  of  Sin,  and  all  the  terrible  Confequences  of  it,' 
Cod  likewife  declared  himfelf  vifibly  in  favours  of  yil;el  and  his  Sa- 
crifice, againft  Cain,  Gen.  iv.  4,  $,  6,  9,  10.  He  reproved  Cain  for 
his  Jealoufy  ;  and  when  he  had  killed  his  Brother  ^l;el,  he  calls 
him  in  Judgment  before  him,  interrogates  him,  pafTes  Sentence  up- 
on him ,  and  that  none  might  prefume  to  punifh  him  but  himfelf 
he  declares,  V.  1 5,  Tljat  zvhojoever  Jlayeth  Cain,  'vengeance  fhall  bt 
taken  on  him  Jeven-fold.  And  he  gives  him  a  Kind  of  a  Safeguard 
to  protedi  him  j  for  the  Lord  Jet  a  mark  upon  him,  lefi  any  finding 
him,  Jhoiild  kill  him. 

All  which  are  Fundions  of  a  vifible  Empire.  And  after  this  we  find 
God  giving  Laws  to  Noah  and  his  Children,  Cen.  xi.  5,  6  7.    He 
difcharges  them  from  eating  of  Blood,  from  committing  pf  Murder, 
and  orders,  them  to  people  the  Earth.     In  the  fame  manner  we  find 
him  conducfting  and  inftrudting  Abraham,   Ifaac  and  Jacob.      He 
cxercifed  publickly  his  Sovereign  Empire  over  his  People  in  the  De- 
fert ;  for  he  was  their  Kinir,  their  Legiflator,  and  their  Condu(5lor  i 
He  gave  them  the  vifible  Sign  of  tlieir  Encampments  and  I)ecamp- 
ments,  and  their  Orders,  both  in  War  and  Peace.     And  this  Theo- 
cracy continued  vifibly  under   Jo/hua  and  the  Judges :    God  fent 
them,  and  eftablifhed  them  over  the  People  ;   therefore,  when  the 
Men  of  Ifrael  faid  unto  Gideon,    fudges,  Ch.  viii.  V.  II,  i2,  Jiule 
thou  over  us,  both  thou  and  thy  [on,  and  thy  Jons  fan  alfo ;  for  thoH 
haft  delivered  us  from  the  hand  of  Midian.     (lAnd  Gideon  faid  un- 
to them,  I  will  not  rule  over  you ;  neither  fhall  my  Jon  rule  over  you : 
the  Lord  fhall  rule  over  you,  for  it  is  he  that  eftablifhes  kings,     Je 
was  he  that  caufed  anoint  Saul  and  7)avid,    by  the  Hand  of  Xj- 
muel.    He  eftabli(hed  the  Kingdom  in  the  Houfc  of  David;    and 
therefore  in  the  Scriptures,    the  Throne  of  the  Kings  of  Ifrael,  is 
called  Hjc  throne  of  God.    Thus  'tis  faid  in  die  ifl  of  the  Chroniclesy 
Chap.  xxix.  ij.  Then  Solomon  fat  on  the  throne  of  the  Lord  as  king^ 
in  (lead  of  David  his  father,  and  prof pered;  and  all  Ifrael  obeyed  him^ 
From  all  wiiich  it  evidently  appears,  That  fhe  Government  of  th^ 
Jews  was  a  Theocracy,    and  that  all  their  Kings  had  their  Poweyr 
from  God,  and  not  from  the  People ;  and  they  were  only  anfwcr- 
ablc  to  God  for  what  they  did.      And  all  the  Inftances  brought 
from  die  Old  Tcftament,    by  the  Antimonarchical  Writers  in  fa-* 
Vours  of  the  Power  of  the  People,    are  nothing  but  mere  Dclufions 
and  Sophifms ;   fincc  the  Government  of  the  Jews,   as  we  have 
(aid,   was  »  Theocracy,    under  rhe  immedja^c  infp(e(^ion  and  Di- 
fcdtion  of  God  Almighty.  '  And  if  we  taJcc  a  View,  pf  the  Paternal 
prJ^atiiwdbil  ilight  granted  by  God  to  ^iam  and  his  Defcendant?, 

Ccccccx  we 


47i  The  Life  of  WILLIAM  ^AKCL AY,  Vol.111. 

wc  fl^ail  fintf,    That  as  it  was  the  fir(t  and  the  beH:  Govcrnmcnr,  Co 
f>>'^^^^    the  DifoWning  ofit  is  what  God  has  fevercly  punifhcd,  fometimcs 
^y^^    ifi'tKis  Life,  and  enjoined  us  to  obfcrve,  under  the  fevcrert  Threat- 
pip^'s  Jind  Denunciations  of  his  Wrath. 

•fliat  the'  Paternal  or  Patriarchal  Government  was  thd  /irft  that 
was  eftablilhcd,  is  clear  from  the  facred  Scriptures;  for  at  the  Cre- 
ation of  the  World,  Gen.  iii.  i6.  God  Jatd  to  Eve,  fa.nd  in  her,  to 
all  Women) '  ilhU  her  dejire  fwuld  be  to  her  hushand,  cind  that  he 
Jhonld  r^ule  over  her.  And  the  firll'Child  that  aAdanihvid,  who 
was  Cam,  Eve  ("aid,  Gen.  iv.  r.  /  hdve  gotten  a  man  from  the  Lord : 
"Bywhicli  we  fee,  that  the  Children  are  born  in  Subjecflion  to  their 
Parents;  for  fince  that  Child  was  born  in  Subjedion  to  his  Mother, 
he  was  much  more  to  the  Father,  to  whom,  by  the  Cornmand  of 
God,  the  Alotiier  was  (libjed:ed  :  Both  of  them  were  blcfled  with 
the  Child  from  God,  and  borh  of  tiiem  had  an  abfoluce  Empire 
?nd  Command  over  him  j  God  having  put  in  our  Parents,  as  be- 
'\x\"  in  fome  manner  the  Authors  of  our  Life,  an  Image  of  the  Pow- 
er, by  which  he  docs  whatever  pleafes  him.  He  hkcwifc  tranfmit- 
ted  unto  them  an  Image  of  the  Power  that  he  has  over  his  Crea- 
tures: For  which  Reafon,  in  tl;e  Decalogue,  Exod.  xx.  il.  after  that 
we",  are  commanded  to  adore  and  worfhip  God  only,'  it  is  faid,  Ho- 
mtir  thy  father  and  thy  mother,  that  thy  days  may  be  long  upon  the 
land  which  the  Lord  thy  God  giveth  thee.  And  this  Command  i^ 
6nly  a  Confequence  of  that  Obedience  which  we  owe  to  God,  who 
is  our  Heavenly  Father.  By  all  which  it  plainly  appears,  That  the 
firft  Idea  that  Men  had  of  Authority  and  Government,  mufl:  needs 
have  arifen  from  this  Paternal  Power.  'Tis  plain  likewife,  from  the 
Scripture,  That  this  Paternal  Government  continued  from  yidam  to 
Moah;  for  it  is  not  to  be  doubted,  but  that  all  the  Time  that  ^- 
dam  lived,  Seth,  whom  God  had  given  him  in  place  of  ^bel,  with 
his  whole  Family,  rendrcd  an  abiolute  Obedience  to  himj  and  as 
CainwsLS  the  firft  who  tranfgreiTed  the  Law  of  Nature,  by  murde- 
ring  his  Brother,  fo  he  was  the  firft  who  lived  not  under  the  Pater- 
nal. Government,  being  obliged,  for  his  Crime,  to  live  in  a  City  by 
himfelf :  And  yet  it  would  appear,  that  he  likewife  would  have  the 
Paternal  Government  obferved,  from  his  giving  his  Son's  Name  to 
the  City  that  he  had  built.  The  reft  of  Mankind  lived  in  their  pri- 
mitive Simplicity,  having  no  other  Law  or  Government  but  the 
Will  of  their  Parents,  and  the  ancient  Cuftoms  of  their  family; 
And  after  tiie  Deluge,  this  was  the  Government  over  the  whole 
Earth  ;  for  it  appears  not  only  from  the  Scriptures,  but  from  Homer, 
Jufiin  and  other  Heathea  Authors,  that  in  the  moft  early  Ages  of 
the  World,  there  was  an  infinite  Number  of  little  Kings,  or  Gover- 
nours  of  Families,  infomuch,  that  in  that  fmall  Tra(5b  of  Ground 
that  the  Jews  conquered,  there  were  no  lefs  than  33  Kings,  and  as 
their  Families  increafed,  fo  did  their  Kingdoms.  And  this  was  the 
State  of  our  Fergufian  Family,  when  they  firft  planted  themfelves  in 
Scotland;  and  it  we  take  an  impartial  WiQ\y  of  the  firft  Government 

of 


Afl.  t«Of. 


Vol.  III.      ^odor  of  the  Laws,  and  Trofejjor  of  the  Law  at  Angers.       4,72 

of  all  Nations,    we  fhall  find  it  was  thus.     Thus  the  Romans  were 
firft:  governed  hy  Kings,  betore;  they  formed  themferves  unto  a  Re-    ;>*^-n 
public  ;    and  it  was  but  of  late  and  by  Degrees,    that  the  Grecians     ^ 
formed  themfelves  into  Republics :     And  we  learn  from  Homer 
that  Monarchy  was  their  ancient  Government,  and  all  the  Repub- 
lics that  arc  now  exifting,    were  at  firft:  under  a  Kingly  Govern- 
ment ;   the  SwitZjcrs.  were  fubjecfl  to  the  Princes  of  the  Houfe  of 
^li/Iria,  the  Hollanders  and  United  Provinces,  are  but  Rebels  to 
tlie  Houfes  of  Spain  and  Burgundy ;    the   free  Towns  of  Germany 
had  each  of  them  their  particular  Lords  or  Mafters,    who  were  all 
fubjecfl  to  the  Emperor.  The  Cities  oUtaly,  who  eredled  themfelves 
into  Republics  in  the  Time  of  the  Emperor  Rodulphus,    brouehc 
all  ot  them  their  Liberty  from  him  :     Yea,    even  the  Republic  of 
Fenice  itfclf  was  at  firft  under  this  Paternal  Government,   and  fub- 
ject  to  the  Empire,  under  the  Reign  of  Chartemain,  and  for  a  long 
Time  after ;    and  it  is  not  very  long  fince  it  was  formed  into  that 
Republican  State  that  it  is  now  in.    All  the  World  then  was  at  firfl 
governed  by  a  Monarchy,    that  was  hereditary,    and  by  Succeftioil 
from  Father  to  Son  ;    and  as  this  was  the  firfl  Government  of  the 
World,    fo  it  was  certainly  the  beft,    fince  ic  is  the  moft  natural 
and  perpetuats  it  felf  after  the  fame  Manner,    that  Mankind  is  to 
be  perpetuated  to  the  End  of  the  World.   And  David  inhUs  upon 
this,    when  fpeakin^  unto  the  Lord  he  fays.    1  Sam.  vii.    18,  19. 
Wf}0  am  I,    O  Lord  God,    and  ivhat  is  my  houfe,    that  thou  ha fi^ 
i>roH?ht  me  hitherto?  And  this  was  yet  a  [mail  things  in  thy  Sight,  6 
Lord  God,  iut  thou  hafijpokcn  al[o  ofthyfervanis  houfe,  for  a  rreat 
■while  to  <;ome,  and  is  the  law  of  man,  O  Lord  God;  or,  as  the  Vul- 
gar has  it,  is  this  the  Law  of  Adam;   as  if  he  had  faid,    this  is  the 
natural  Way  that  lias  been  obferved  from  the  Bcginnin<»  of  the 
World,    that  the  Fathers  fhould  fucceed  to   the  Son.     Another 
Reafon  which  makes  this  Government  of  an  Hereditary  Succeffion 
better  tlian  any  other  Sorts  of  Government,    is,  that  as  it  excludes 
all  Intriguing  Caballs,  which  never  fail  to  end  in  Anarchy  anid  Con- 
f ufion,  lo  the  liitereft  of  the  Prince,  by  this  Means,  becomes  fo  inter- 
woven with  that  of  the  People,  that  the  Prince,  when  heisadlingfor 
the  Good  of  his  State,  is  at  the  fame  Tirpe  a(fling  for  the  Good  of 
his  Children  and  Family ;  and  the  Love  that  he  bears  for  his  Pe6pie, 
being  blended  with  that  which  he  bears  co  his  own  Children  and 
Family,  becomes  natural  to  him :  And  as  this  Government  was  the 
firft  and  is  the  beft  of  all  Governments,    To  it  is  the  Govcrnt^cnt 
that  the  Law  of  Nature  and  the  Law  of  God  requires  an  abfolute 
Submiffion  to:     The  Law  of  Nature  requires  a  Submi/fion  to  trie 
Commands  and  Will  of  our  Parents;  and  a  lawfijl  hereditary  Mo- 
narchy fuch  as  ours  is,  is  nothing  but  \\\q  paternal  Authority  pf  tJio 
Fergtifian  Family,  diftributc4  into  many  fmall  Branches,- who  cnjby 
all  their  Honours  ahd  Privileges  fropfi   that  Race  of  AJonaichs 
which  in  a  Hereditary  Succeflfion  has  continued  ovei;  us  for  man? 
Hundreds  c'f  ITears.  ' 

Dddddd  jind 


474  T^e  ti/*  o/' WILLI  AM  BARCLAY,  Vol.  II  f. 

And  to  fuch  a  Monarchy  and  Gbvernmertt  as  this,    the  facrcd 
f>,/^^>    Scriptures  likewife  require  our  abfolutc  Submifffon  and  Obedience  : 
v^^/^'    Thus  St.  Paul,  having  told  us,    Tijat  they  are  the  minivers  of  God; 
and  that  they  that  reftfl  them,  ^all  receive  unto  themjehes  damna- 
tion, concludes,    Rom  xiii.  5.    Wherefore  you  wuft  needs  be  juhjedfy 
not  only  for  v.rath,  but  alfofor  conscience  fake.     And  the  fame  Xj)o- 
Ale,  in  his  Epiflle  to  tlie  tfhefians,  Ch.  vi.  V.  5,  6.  enjoins  us  to 
fervethem,  not  with  eye-j^^vice,  as  men-pleajers ;  but  as  the  fervants 
of  Chrijl,  doifig  the  will  of  God  from  the  heart,     And  in  his  Hpirtlc 
to  the  Cdlofs'ians,    Ch.  iii.  V.  21,  23,  24.    he  fays.   Servants,  obey 
iff  all  things  your  majlers  according  to  the  fiejh,    not  with  eye-fervicey 
as  fntn-fleafers;     but  in  finglenejs  of  heart,   fearing  God:-     ^yind 
zdhatfoever  ye  do,   do  it  heartily,    as  to  the  Lord,  and  not  unto  men; 
knowing  that  of  the  Lord  ye  Jhall  receive  tht  reward  of  the  inheri- 
ifTiice,  for  ye  ferve  the  Lord  Chrif.      Now,   if  the  Apoftle  (peaks 
thus  of  Servitude,  which  is  a  State  againft  Nature  ;  what  ought  wc 
to  think  of  the  Subjedlion  that  we  owe  to  the  Fathers  of  our  Coun- 
try ?    For  which  caufe  St.  Peter  fays,  i  Pet.  Ch.  ii.  V.  13,  14.  Sub- 
mii  ytiur  felves  to  every  ordinance  of  man,  for  the  Lord's  Jake;    whe- 
ther  it  be  to  the  king,  as  fupreme  -,    or  unto  governors,  as  unto  them 
that  are  fent  by  him  for  the  punijhment  of  evil  doers,  and  for  the  praife 
of  them  that  do  well :    Yea,  and  when  they  do  not  acquit  thenifelves 
as  they  ought,  of  their  Office  and  their  Miniftry,  yet  wc  are  com- 
manded to  obey  them;    for  fays  he,  V.  18,  Servants  be  (ubjett  to 
your  majlers  lotth  all  fear,  not  only  to  the  good  and  gentle,  but  alfo  to 
the  froward.     So  that  the  Refpe^  and  Obedience  that  we  owe  to 
OUT  Native  Prince,  is  a  Religious  Duty;  and  we  cannot  ferve  God 
a-right,  without  being  dutiful  to  our  Prince  ;  And  therefore,  in  the 
lythVerfe,  the  Apoftle  joins  thefe  two  together,  fear  Cod,  and  ho- 
nour  the  king  :   Yea,  God  himfelf  has  imprinted  upon  Princes  fome- 
what  of  a  Divinity  that  requires  our  Relpecff  to  them.     Thus  God 
fays,  by  tlie  Mouth  of  David,  J  have  Jatd,  Tou  are  gods,  and  all  of 
you  are  children  of  the  mofl  High ;    but  ye  fhall  die  like  men,  Pfal. 
Ixxxii.  6,  7.     And  upon  this  Account  it  is  that  the  Servants  of  God, 
in  the  facred  Scriptures,  fwear  by  the  Health  and  Life  of  their  Kings, 
as  being  a  divine  and  facred  Thing  :  Thus  Vriah,  fpeaking  to  2)^- 
yid,   1  Sam.  Ch.  xi.  V.  11.  yis  thou  livejl,   and  as  thy  foul  live tb^ 
J  wilt  not  do  this  thing.  ■  Yea  tho*  they  were  Heathen  Princes,  it  was 
the  fame  thing ;    for  thus  we  find   fofeph  fwearing  by  the  Life  of 
Pharaoh,  Gen.  xlii.  15,  16.  By  the  life  of  Pharaoh,  you  fiall  not  go 
forth  hence,  except  jour  youngejl  brother  come  kit  her;  or  clfe,  'By  the 
life  of  Pharaoh,  jurely  ye  are  fpies.      And  Rabbi  £ben  Ezj^a  tells 
us  (fl),  That  amongft  the  Egyptians  in  his  Days,   and  he  lived  a- 
bout  the  Year  1170,  (at  which  Time  jEgypt  was  governed  by  Ca- 
lifs)   if  one  had  fworn  by  the  King's  Head,    and  was  found  for- 
fworn,  he  was  fubjeft  to  capital  Punifhment;   neither  could  he  re- 
deem the  GuUt  for  his  Weight  in  Gold.     And  when  (faith  he)  Jf 

mael 


U)  la  Dculog. 


Vol.  III.     Do^or  of  the  Laws,  and  Profejjoh  of  the  Lazvt  at  Angers.       4.7 j 

niael  (a)  the  firft  Sophi,  got  the  P'irfiati  Empire,  no  Oath  amongft 
them  was  fo  greats  as  to  (wear  by  his  Head;   '  And  Confiantin  Her* 
ynenopolui  informs  us  (I;),  That  in  the  Empire,  when  Heathen,  the 
Puni(hment  for  this  Perjury  was  Fujligatioy  orBaftinading;  and  whilft 
the  Officers  beat  the  Offender,    they  ufed  this  formal  Admonition, 
Swear  not  ra/hly  !   But  if  the  Perjury  was  committed  againft  God 
and  his  Name,    there  was  no  Punifhment,    bccaufe  they  fuppofed 
God  would  fufficiently  revenge  his  own  Caufe,  and  the  Abufe  offe- 
red to  his  Deity.      And  long  after  Chriflianity  Was  received  in  the 
Empire,  this  Divinity  in  Princes  was  acknowledged,  as  wc  find  in  the 
Codes;  v/Uerc  Nojira  Dtvinit as,  Nojlra  Perennitas,  Nofira  ^ter- 
nitas,    DivinA  Foots  Ordculum,   andf  fuch  like,    frequently  occurr. 
And  'Themtjtius,   in  an  OratJon  (c)  to  Theodojlus  the  Emperor,  fays, 
'  *  Lately  in  the  Commonwealth  CAjar  gave  you  the  Title  of  Divi- 

*  ntty,  not  CCaith  he)  becaufe  you  have  Store  of  Gold,  or  that  you 

*  have  Diadems  ana  rich  Cloaths;    but  becaufe  only  God  and  the 

*  Emperor  have  Power  to  grant  a  Man  his  Life  '.  And  Divus  tmpe- 
rator  is  generally  ufcd  for  the  Emperor,  by  Jujiinian  (d)  and  others; 
and  Divalia  Sane  it  a,  (ot  the  Imperial  Conjittutions.  From  all  which 
it  evidently  appears,  That  amongfl  the  Jews,  Heathens,  Chrtjiiant 
and  Mahometans,  there  was  a  Sanlfitas  Return,  as  Jutiw  Cajar  calls 
it  an  Jmprejsion  of  the  Divine  Nature  in  all  rightful  Kirigs  and 
princes,  -to  which  we  ought  to  have  a  fpccial  Regard.  And  the 
primitive  Chriftians,  as  we  learn  from  their  Writings,  were  bright 
Examples  of  that  Subjeilion  and  Obedience  that  we  owe  to  out 
lawful  Sovereigns.  Thus  Tertuliian,  in  his  apology  for  the  Chri» 
Jlians,  fays,  in  Name  of  them  all,  ^  •  We  fwear  not  by  the  Genius's 

*  of  the  C&[ars,  but  by  their  Life  and  by  their  Safety,  which  is  more 

*  auguft  than  all  your  Genius's ;  for  do  you  not  know  that  your  Ge- 

*  nius's  are  Daemons  i*  But  we  that  have  a  Regard  to  the  Choice  and 

*  Will  of  God,  that  has  appointed  them  to  rule  over  us,  we  refpedt 

*  in  them  that  Authority  wiiich  God  has  put  in  them,    and  which 

*  we  inviolably  obferve  as  facrcd  '.     And  a  little  after  he  fays, '  What 

*  fhall  1  fay  more  of  our  Religion  and  Piety  for  the  Emperor  ?  whom 

*  we  rcfped  as. one  whom  God  has  made  choice  of;   fo  that  he  is 

*  more  ours  tlian  yours,    fince  it  is  our  God  that  has  cflablifhed 

*  him  '.     And  how  beautifully  does  he  defcribc  the  Condition  and 
Religion  of  the  Chriflians  in  this  Point,  in  the  foUowintr  Words.    ' 

'  Befides  the  publick  Order  by  which  we  arc  profecutcd,  how  ma- 

*  ny  Times  have  the  People  attacked  us  with  Stones,    and  put  fir© 

*  to  our  Houfes,  amidfl  the  Fury  of  their  Bacchanalian  Feafls  ?  Yea,' 

*  the  Chriftians  are  not  fo  much  as  fparcd  after  their  Deaths,    for 
f  they  are  dragged  firom  their  Graves,    and  not  fufFcred  to  refl  ih 

*  that  Afylum  for  the  Dead  :  And  yet,  what  Vengeance  receive  you 

*  from  thefe  Perfons,  lo  cruelly  created .'     And  could  wc  not,  with 

*  a  few  Torches  fee  fire  to  your  City,   if  ainongft  us  it  were  lawful 

Dddddd^  to 


U.  _:i  •  I        ■  ■■       .il:  I..- 


(«)  J^uDcUu.  MufTuln.  Hil.  LiW.  it.   (i)  Oil.  <a.  B«£I.  HcmcsopDl.  Epic.  Scfi.  y  Til.  ).     (c)  Ontione  <.     (^Tit^ 
it  4oa«i.  iaut  tiiaa  U  ■loftm.  L.  Uim,  i^.  rU«  u  <i  AiuiCMUitadf  &«rabljci,  L.  7.  C*p.  4.  P. 470k  OH.  i<     ' 


The  Lift  o/WlLLIAM  BAKOl^AYt  Voi.  ill- 


*  to.  requite  Evil  for  Evil  ?    And  were  we  to,a(5t  as  dcclar'd  Enemies 

*  againll  you,  could  wcbe  deficient!  in  fuffkient  Troops  or  Armies  ? 
»-^V^    '  No,  not  the  a^oori,  c^arcorhans  and  Tay^thians  themfelves   who 

*  arc  confined  within  their  own  LiitlitSj   are  fo  numerous  as  wc  arc, 

*  who  areTpread  over  the  whole  Earth.  Ic  is  not  lonj*  fince  weap- 
»  pcared  in  the  World,  and  already  wc  have  filled  your  Cities, 
»  your  llles,  your  AlTcfnblies,  yourCaftles,  your  Plains,  your  Tribes, 
Vyour  Cohorts,  your  Palaces,  your  Senat,  your  Plcading-pIaccs,  and 

*  all  your  public  Places,     fave  your  Temples,    whicli  wc  leave  to 

*  your  fclves.     What  for  a  War  could  we  not  raife  againft  you,  be- 

*  ing  fo  far  in  Numbers  above  you;    We  ,who  endure  fo  refolutcly 

*  Death  it  (elf,  were  it  not  that  we  are  taught  and  enjoined,  rathci; 
'  to  futfer  Death  our  felves  than  to  kill  our  Enemies  r  Yea,  with- 
'  out  talcing  up  hrnis,  or  riling  in  Rebellion,  we  could  be  revengect 

*  on  you,  by  abandoning  you  ;  By  wliich  means,  your  Silence  and 
'  Solitude  would  become  a  Terror  to  you,  your  Cities  would  ap- 
'  pear  defi^lare  ;  and  amidfl;  your  Empire,  you  would  be  at  a  lofs 
'  to  find  whom  to  command  ;  for  you  would  find  more  Enemies  a- 

*  mongft  you  than  Citizens :  For  at  prefent  you  have  but  few  Enc- 
'  mies,  becaufe  of  the  prodigious  Multitudes  of  Chriftians ;   fo  that 

*  by  cutting  us  off,    yoU  cut  your  felves  ofE     Br  our  Means  you 

*  have  an  infinite  Number  of  People>  I  will  hot  fay,  that  prays  for 

*  you,  bccaule  you  will  not  believe  it,  but  from  whom  you  may  ex- 
'  ped  no  Harm  '.  And  having  told,  That  amongft  the  feveral  At^ 
tempts  that  have  been  made  againfl  the  Lives  of  their  Emperors, 
there  never  was  a  Chriftian  found  to  have  a  Hand  in  them,  notwith- 
{landing  of  all  tiie  Cruelties  and  Severities  that  were  ufed  againft 
them,  he  concludes,  *  We  never  made  any  Attempt  againft  them; 

*  for  thefe  whofe  Adions  are  regulated  by  God,  ought  not  only  to 

*  attempt  nothing  againft  their  Sovereigns,  but  their  Neighbours: 
'  And  we  behave  with  the  fame  harmlefs  Innoccncy  towards  the 

*  Emperor,    as  towards  our  Neighbour ;    for  we  are  equally  com- 

*  manded,  neither  to  fay,  do,  or  will  any  Sort  of  Evil  to  any  Perfon 

*  whatfomevcr :    And  what  is  not  lawful  for  us  to  do  againft  any  Per- 

*  fon,  is  mucli  more  unlawful  againft  the  Emperor,  whom  God  has 

*  honoured  widi  that  Dignity. 

The  Reader  will  find  in  our  Author  a  great  many  other  Paffages 
to  this  Purpofe,  from  the  Fathers  of  the  primitive  Church,  with  the 
Anfwers  to  all  Buchannaris  Obie(5lions  againft  the  Regal  Power: 
Which  we  ftiall  more  particularly  infift  upon  in  the  Life  of  Adam 
Blctckwood. 

Tiie  Learned  are  not  agreed  about  the  Year  of  ouf  Author's 
tcblSa"l!  Death i  fome  placing  it  in  the  Year  i6o$.  others,  in  i6o^.  others, 
in  i6i  I.  But  all  of  them  arc  agreed,  that  he  was  one  or  the  lear- 
nedft  Lawyers  in  his  Age;  for  by  his  Works  it  appears,  that  he  was 
not  only  well  fcen  in  the  Civil  and  Canon  Law,  but  likewife  in  the 
Greek  and  Latm  Languages,  in  Civil  and  Ecclefiaftic  Hiftory,  and 
in  3.U  the  otiier  Parts  of  polite  Learning.    Several  Poems  were  com- 

pofed 


Vol.  III.     Voiior  of  the  Laws,  and  ProfeJJor  of  the  Laws  at  Angers.       477 

pofed  upon  him,    both  whilft  he  was  alive  and  after  hrs  Death,  by 

the  learned  Men  of  that  Age :   But  I  (hall  onlv  infert  one  compofed    Tuf^, 

by  his  Son,  becaufe  it  has  a  Relation  to  feveral  Particulars  of  his  Life.    ^^^^^ 

Ad  Illuftrem  fama  ac  genere  virum,  Guliel- 
mum  Barclaium^  parentem  dulciflimum. 

Mu4^ne  parens,  quern  ne  Pt^ra  qu^cunque  Jub  ^r^o 
jiflra  nitent,  tmx  credat  fiat  tone  teneri 
Q^undff^,  ah  iquoreis  jufsit  Rrtuna  Britannis; 
Externa  mtgrare  Job,  Lotharifque  fuh  oris 
PulchrA  Caledonix  conjungere  fiemmata  jam*. 
Nondum  lucifero  curfum  temone  peregit 
Phoebus,  (f  omniferum  coitt  revoluttu  in  annum, 
Ex  quo  me,  Patris  cingens  mitijsimtu  ulnis, 
Fovifii  gremio,  et  qua  per  fufptria  tranfit 
InftidiJH  animam ;  cum  me  vencranda  benigni 
Princtpis  ad  patrios  revocarent  jujja  Britannos. 
Et  m'lhi  jam  longo  te  jam  mihi  JacuU  curfu 
Invidijje  puto.    "^luoties  me  dulcis  imago 
Solid  tat,  blandoque  trahit  prdcordia  motu  ? 
G^A  mihi,  cum  prima  t  tiler  am  de  luce  falutem. 
Verba  dahas;   qua,  cum  pofi  Jera  cubilia  fotis, 
Sobria  jungebat  UtM  conviiria  Vefper  : 
Nunc  redeunt,  dulcique  animos  carpuntque  fo'ventqut 
AUoquio ,  quam'vis  tot  is  nos  carulis  undis 
Divtdat,  et  furdis  Nerms  interfirepat  undis. 
At  tu,  fiu  placidam  curis  [ubducere  mitam, 
Et  canos  mtilcerejuvat,  fejjoquefub  £'vo, 
Laude  frui,  atque  aSios  Utus  reminijceris  Annos^ 
Seu  placet  ajfueto,  mttltum  deduccre  Campo ; 
Clua  te  Janiia  Tloemis,  qua  te  mens  ardua  raptUfH 
Jmpulit,  C^  merits  monjtravit  primia  famA  : 
Nunc  certe  'virefque  Parens,  prtmamque,  Sene^am 
Jncufas,  quod  te  patriis  proctn  amove t  oris 
Vebtlis,  €5*  nofiras  rjetat  heu  invijere  terras! 
Et  tibi  quod  terris,  patria  quod  o  amplius  auray 
Jacobi  negat  or  a  tibi :    Plus  ora  cupita 
Nempe  tibi,  quam  Sidonius  Uta  aflra  viderct 
Optajjet  vates,  trepidnm  cum  pulfa  reliquit 
Corpus,  (^  in  [an6tum  fufritlux  abdita  mentem. 
Si  tanten  hie  tumidum,  fifors  transmittere  pontum 
Te  jubc4t,    rt4rfu[que  tuos  lufirare  Britannos, 
Non  vires,  non  te.jpatium  pontiquefolique 
Terreat,   atque  omni  [patio  crudelius  dvum. 
O  genitor,   deffle  queri,  Jatis  ille  Juperquc 
Approhat  ingenium,  corpufque  excuJ4t  ^  anffes, 

£  e  e  e  e  • 


478  77^^Z^/co/ WILLIAM  BARCLAY,  Vol.  III. 

*r«  mo  Jo  feu  Juices  humanis  Andibus  agros^ 
f^^^  Seu  colts  Auflrafiam,   qu4  multo  colle  Molella 

s^^VN/  Vtttfer  tnjerpens,  aeprejfos  egertt  amnes 

Pane  tih,    neu  cajfa  labor    jam  membra  fatiget 
j4mflius  &:  meritis  indulge  mitior  j4nmt^ 
Jpfe  velis  natoque  tuam  fervare  Jene^am, 
Confortiijtie  tu&  primis  quam  junxit  ab  Annis 
Ficlus  Hymen,  qua  te  toties  dixere  beatum^ 
Conjuge,   qui  tamo  toties  dixere  marito, 
Auurafias  inter  felicem  banc  ejfe  puellas. 
Si  mores  probitafque  placent  j  Jipr/tmia  virtus 
u4ccipit,  Jnachiam  facilis,  Ledamque,  Europamque^ 
O  non  invtdeas  fuperis,    unarnque  quod  ultra 
^If^odfacis,  Aterms  obferves  ignibus  Annam 
HACt  tua  feu  placidi  Jlnuarunt  Carbafa  venti^ 
Seu  fremuere  unda,  gemuitque  exterrita  pinusy 
Ftda  comes  J'emper  lateriy  colloque  pependitf 
'Dulce  onus,  atque  animum  nmlo  deje^a  timore  ejf- 

Falices,  O  quot  patitur  per  j&cula  'vitam 
AfTyrius  rh&nix^  fenii  quia  t^dia  tandem 
Jgnibus,   et  nimios  nil  territus  exuit  uinnosi 
'lithono  quot  diva  dedit^  quA  lumine  Solem 
uidvocat,  aut  vates  Phabum  Cumaa  popofcity 
Tot  fobis  dent  Jponte  DeA,  queis  jura  Jcveri 
Stammis,  &c  nunquam  •vivaci  membra  fene£fa 
Fxoptent  lajpita  mori.    Si  'vivere  certe  efi-, 
Dum  nomen  virtujque  manent,  dum  fama  JuperJitSf 
Omnia  perpetua  vtncetis  JAcula  vita. 
Tempus  ertt  quum  vos  prono  veneratus  honor e 
uimpledar,  tangamque  manus,  atque  ofcula  figam. 

uunc  ego  de  charis  orjtu,  narrare  Britannis 
Tunc  refer  am  quid  Reitor  agat ;  quam  front  e  ienigna 
Dtgnetur  famulos,  ^  miti  temperet  ore 
Fortunam,  quam  pulchra  genas,  quam  lumina  fanHoy 
cy^dajefiate  nitens,  nojlri  matrona  tonantis ; 
Qjiam  tener,  (^  parvis  dudum  maturior  annisy 
Crefcat  in  attomti  Princeps  miracula  Mundi. 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

I-  "TX^  Potejiate  Pap  Ay  an  ^  quatenus  m  Regts  ^  Pr'mcipes  Se- 

%^  culares  jus  ^  imperittm  habeat :    Francof.    l6o^y    i6i^y 

1611.     Hannoviae,  idil,  in  ^vo.    (f  Lond.  in  Englilh, 

161 1,  in  ^to.    Muflipcnti,  1610,  in  8w.    (^  Paxifiis,  idoo,  in  ^0. 

llTfe 


Vol.  III.      'Dodor  ofthe  Laivsj  and  TrofeJJor  of  the  Law  at  Angers.      479 


Ad,  iji). 


II.  De  Regno  £5*  Recall  Pote/fate,  adverfm  Buchananum,  Brutunt^  rv/\-ri 
Boucher  turn,  (^  relio^ms  t^onarchomachos :  Paris,  160O)  /«4ro.  ^j^^ 
Hannoviac,  161 1,  in  ^vo. 

III.  Comment,  in  Tit.  Pande£larum  de  rebus  creditis  C$*  dejurtjuran- 
^0.  Paris,  1(^05,  in^vo. 


THE 

LIFE  of  HENRY  BLACI{lVOOV, 
Dodor  of  Medicin,  and  Dean  of  Faculty 
to  the  College  of  Phyficians  at  Taris. 

HENRT  BLACKWOOD,  Brother  to  the  famous  ^";'^'j^ 
Adam  Blackwood,  was  born  at  Bumfermlin  in  the  diSluia.  ' 
Shire  of  Ftfe,  and  had  his  Education  at  the  Univer- 
fity  of  St.  Andrews ;    where  after  he  had  finifhed 
the  Courfe  of  his  Studies  in  the  Belles  Lettres  and 
Philofophy,  he  was  fent  over  to  Parts  by  his  Uncle, 
the  Reverend  Father  in  God,  Robert  Reid  Bifliop  of  Orhiey ;  where, 
Dempjler  {a)  tells  us,    he  taught  Philofophy  in  this  Univerfity  in 
the  Year  1551-    and  for  which  he  appeals  to  the  A<5ls  of  this  Uni- 
verfity.    But  applying  himfelf  to  the  Study  of  Medicin,    he  was  proftffoT'.t* 
created  Dodfoi  of  Medicin  in  this  Univerfity  j  and  being  incorpo-  ^^rltu^Ji' 
rated  one  of  the  Members  of  the  College  of  Phyficians  at  Paris^  "•^'*'°" 
for  his  great  Learning  and  eminent  Parts,  he  was  at  length  honou- 
red with  the  Dignity  of  Dean  of  Faculty.    Now,   that  the  Reader 
may  know  how  great  an  Honour  this  was  to  our  Author^    I  fhall 
tranflate,  from  tlie  famous  Mr.  Patin,   who  was  Dean  of  Faculty 
himlelf,    their  Method  and  Manner  of  Procedure. 

♦  He  is  (fays  he  (b)  (peaking  of  the  Dean)  Mafter  of  all  the  Bat-  „,  „  „j, 
<  chelors  that'  are  upon  their  Trials.   He  regulates  the  Difcipline  of  f^'  °^  *;;^ 

*  the  Schools.    He  keeps  all  our  Regifters,     which  are  above  500  c«'Jg.^£ 
»  Years  Standing.    He  keeps  the  two  Seals  of  the  Faculty.     He  re-  «'•'"• 

*  ccives  our  Revenue,    and  gives  in  the  Account  of  it  to  us.     He 

*  fi'Mis  and  approves  all  the  Thcfes.     He  regulates  the  Precedency 

*  of  all  theDodors,  according  to  their  (evcral  Stations.     He  con- 

*  veens  the  Faculty  whenever  he  pleafes ;  and  without  his  Confcnt , 
'  or  an  Order  from  the  Court  or  Parliament,   they  cannot  meet. 

*  He  examines,    with  the  Four  Examinators,   at  the  rigorous  T/ial 

*  of  all  the  Intrants,  which  continues  for  a  whole  Week.     He  is  one 

*  of  the  Three  Deans  that,  with  the  Redor,  governs  the  whole  U^ 

*  niverfity  ;  and  is  one  of  thofe  who  elefts  them.      He  has  double 

*  of  either  of  their  Revenues,  and  which  fometimes  extends  to  a  cbn- 

E  e  c  e  e  e   1  '  fiderablc 

— ^ —  ■  II . . 

it)  HtL  tnUl.  Lib.  ft.    0;  Vn.  4;.  Tow  I. 


480         T7;«L//>  o/ HENRY  BLACKWOOD,    M.D.  Vol.  I  If. 

*  fiderablc  Sum.  He  has  a  great  Charge  upon  him,  much  Honour, 
'^-'^  '  and  a  canrtant  Huiry  of  Bullnefs.  He  is  Sohcitor  to  all  the  Pro- 
vK/*^    •  ceffcs  ot  the  Taculty,  and  is  allowed  to  plead  in  the  Great  Cham- 

*  bcr  before  the  Advocate  General,    as  the  dcceafl  Mr.  Ve  h  Vtpit 

*  did  in  the  Year  \6\\^  againll  the  Garrelttr.     The  Charge  is  higii- 

*  ly  honourable,  but  very  troublefom :  And  any  defcrvinc  Pcrlon 
'  tnat  merits  the  Place,  may  efteem  himfeU  happy  when  he  is  not 
'  chofcn;   the  Ceremony  of  which  is  performed  after  this  Manner. 

'  All  the  Faculty  being  a(rembled'y^foVj/z^r//r«/o,  the  Dean  that 
'  is  to  dimit  his  Charge,  returns  to  the  Faculty  his  Acknowledgilient 
'  of  the  great  Honour  that  they  had  put  upon  him,  and  that  they 

*  may  proceed  to  make  choice  of  another  in  his  Place.     Then  the 

*  Rolls  are  call'd,  and  all  the  prefent  Dodors  marked;  for  none 
'  of  the  Abfciu  can  be  chofen.  All  thefc  having  laid  tl)eir  Billets 
'  upon  the  Table,  the  Half  of  them  is  taken  and  put  in  a  Hac ;  and 

*  this  is  called  The  Great  Banc.  Our  Number  at  tiiis  Day  is  112. 
'  fo  that  56  is  put  in  the  Hat  of  the  eldefl  Dodlors:    When  the  el- 

*  deft  Docftoi"  ("who  is  at  this  Time  Mr.  Riolan)  has  ("ufiRciently  jum- 

*  bled  and  mixed  thefc  Billets  through  other  in  the  Hat,  the  Dean 

*  that  is  to  dimit,  takes  three  Billets  out  of  the  Hat,  or  Great  Bancy 
'  fucceffively,  and  two  out  of  the  Le\](rBanc,  that  the  Number  may 

*  be  unequal :  So  that  by  this  means  there  are  Pive  Docftors  that 
'  cannot  be  eledlcd  that  Day,  but  they  are  the  tiediors.      Thefe 

*  Five  Ele(ftors  having  taken  the  Oatii  of  Fidelity  to  the  whole  Fa- 

*  culty,  they  are  clofed  up  in  the  Chapel,  where  they  make  choice 

*  of  Three  of  thofc  they  think  moft  worthy  for  bearing  of  that  Charge, 

*  Two  out  of  the  Great  "Banc,  and  one  out  of  the  Lelfer :   Thefc  three 

*  Billets  being  put  in  a  Hat,  the  Dean,  with  an  out-ftretched  Arm, 

*  puts  his  Hand  nuo  the  Hat,  and  the  firft  he  takes  out  is  the  Dean. 

By  all  this,  as  I  have  faid,  it  appears  how  much  our  Author  was 
refpefled  and-  honoured  by  the  Faculty  of  Phyficians  at  Paris.  Ac 
what  Time  he  was  firft  admitted  to  be  1)ean  of  Faculty,  I  know  not  j 
but  by  Mr.  de  Launj's  Hiftory  of  the  College  of  Navarre^  I  find 
him  in  this  Station,  with  the  other  Members  of  the  Univerfity  of 
Varis^  taking  an  Oath  of  Allegiance  to  King  Henrj  IV. -of  France^ 
in  the  Year  1 594,  {a). 

About  this  Time  there  happened  a  Controverfy  amongft  the  Phy- 
ficians at  Rome^  concerning  Blood-letting,  in  what  Difeafe  it  ought 
to  be  admitted,  and  in  what,  not.  The  Generality  of  them  \yerc 
Followers  of  Erajlfiratus,  a  Grecian  Phyfician,  who  was  born  in  the 
Ifland  ot.Cea,  or  Ceosy  about  the  151  Olympiad,  or  the  5714  Year 
of  th.e  World,  in  the  Reign  of  Ttohr/ty  Philadclphus  King  of  ./£- 
£yP^  (^) '  ^vlio,  according  to  the  Conjeflurc  of  Mr.  Le  Clerc,  gave 
nim  an  Hundred  Talehts,\  'or  two  Hundred  and  forty  Thouland 
French  Livres,  for  curing  j4ntiochus  furnamed  The  God,  who  had 
cfpoufed  Bernice  the.Daugliterof  Ptolomy.  This.famous  Phyfician, 
according  to  Galen  (c),  andifor  which  he  cites  Straton,  one  of  his 

moft 

(«)  Ad  An.  IJJ4.    (4)  ViJe  M.  Le  Gkic,  HiQ.  de  Medicint,  Lib.  i.<  Ch.  ».  P.ii  i.    (c)  De  Ven.  SeS.  jdvetfui  £f.  C  :. 


Vol.  III.        and  Dean  of  faculty  to  the  College  ofThy/tcians  at  Paris.       <^iii 

mofl:  celebrated  Difciples,  difcharged  Blooding  in  all  Manner  of 
Difeafes :  And  the  i?/?w^«  Phyficians,  as  we  have  faid,  for  the  mod    5>jA^> 
part  following  tliis  Pra(ftice,   they  were  vigoroufly  oppofed  by   Jo-,    «^v<»ii 
(ebhusTedander  (a),  in  a  Book  which  he  wrote  upon  this  Subjcd:: 
Upon  which  the  Difpure  increafing  betwixt  them,    an  Appeal  was  H.i„„od.. 
made  to  the  Faculty  of  Phyficians  at  Taris ;    who,   by  our  Author,  aVAn;:: 
their  Dean,  declared  in  favours  of  Tedander :    And  ever  fincc,  this  ,Vg"^'"*- 
Pratfticc  of  plentiful  Bleeding  in  snoft  Difeafes,    has  continued  a- 
mongft  tl'.e  Phyficians  at  Parts: 

Our  Author  was  likewife,  upon  the  Account  of  his  eminent  Parts 
and  Knowledge  in  Medicin,    made  Phyfician  to  the  Duke  oi Longue-  p"fi['J^*t* 
fuille.  witli  an  annual  Salary  of  Two  Hundred  Piftoles :  And  during  '•"=  f>"i««  <* 
the  Peftilonce  at  Paris^  he  never  removed  out  or  the  City,  and  was 
fo  fuccelsful  in  his  Practice  amongft  them,    that  he  gained  the  uni- 
verfal  Applaufe  and  Efleem  of  all  Ranks  and  Degrees  of  People. 

His  Works,  as  they  are  fetdown  by  Dempfter  (b\  are,  Aceoam  of 

A  Commentary  upon  Anftotles  Logics. 
A  Comparifon  betwixt  Philofophy  and  Medicin. 
Twelve  Books  upon  the  Lives  of  the  moft  famous  Phyficians.  All 
thefe  (fays  he)  he  publifhed  in  \\\s  own  Time,  and  left  in  Mfs.  be- 
hind liim. , 

Animadverfions  upon  all  Galen's  Works.  Some  of  Hippocrates^s 
Works  compared  with  ancient  Mfs.  and  tranflated  into  Latin.  Of 
chefe  we  have  the  three  Books  of  Prognoflics,  publifhed  zt  Parti  by 
John  Lihert,  in  1615,  in  1410. 

A  Commentary  upon  Alexander  Tralianuss  Works,  a  Grecian 
Piiyfician,  who  was  a  great  Oppofer  of  Galen,  and  flourifhed  under 
the  Emperors  Arcadius  and  Honor ius  -,  and  whofe  Works  were  pub- 
lifticd  in  Greek  and  Latin  z.t  Bafil,  16^6,  in  S'uo. 

A  Commentary  upon  feveral  Difficulties  in  Pliny  s  Natural  Hiflory. 
Bcfides  all  thefe  mentioned  by  Vempfler,   he  lias  publifhed  a  Me- 
dicinal DjlTertation  concerning  the  right  \j(t  of  Mineral  Waters. 

Of  all  thefe  1  have  only  fcen  pur  Author's  Edition  of  Hippocra- 
tes s  Book  of  Prognoftics  :  And  fince  this  Book  has  been,  and  is  flill 
eflcemed  as  Hippocrates  s  Mafler-picce,  I  fhall  giVe  the  Reader  an 
Account  of  it;  by  which  he  will  not  only  fee  how  much  the  Phy- 
ficians have  been  obliged  to  this  great  Man  and  to  our  Author,  buc 
the  World  in  general,  for  his  e:(CcllcntObfcrvations  concerning  the 
Prognoflics  of  dying  Pcrfons. 

The  "rear  Reputation  that  Hippocrates  has  in  the  World,  is  prin- 
cipally owing  to  his  accurate  Cb(ervations,  even  as  to  the  minutefl 
Circumflanccs  of  fick  and  dying  Perfons;  And  by  this  means  he  noc 
only  acquired  the  Knowledge  of  diflinguifliing  the  Difeafes  from 
one  another,  by  Signs  that  are  particular  to  each  of  them ;  but 
likcwile  he  acquired  a  Habit,  by  comparing  the  fame  Difeafes  that 
different  Perfons  are  fubjedt  to,  and  the  Accidents  that  ordinarily 
nrecccd  and  follow  them :  I  fay,  by  this  means  he  acquired  an  Ha- 
^  Fftfff bi^ 

Via«  UixUo.  lte»»»«c.  r.  }ix.     (i)  Dcmrl.  Hifl.  Ec<UC  C««.  Scot,  Ub.  1. 


481        The  Life  of  HEl^KY  BLACK  WOOD,  c;^: />.      Vol.  J 1 1. 

bitudc  of  foreccUing  the  Difcafes  before  they  happened,  and  to  dt?-" 
r-^-^  terminc,  to  the  outmoft  F.xadlnels,  what  the  Event  or  Succef"?  would 
wA^  be.  And  he  himfclf  telk  us  (a),  That  he  was  the  firfl  Phyfician 
who  had  laid  down  the  Method  of  telling  their  Patients  what  would 
befal  them  during  the  whole  Courfe of  their  Sickncfs.  And  as  Mr. 
/>  Clcn  obfcrves  (h),  no  doubt  it  was  upon  this  that  he  formed 
this  excellent  Obfcrvation  (r),  Tiiat  a  Phyfician  who,  upon  the 
Si"ns  that  he  obfcrves  in  a  Difeafe,  tells  his  Patient  all  tlut  has 
happened  to  him,  and  what  will  daily  happen  to  him;  and  alter 
the  Information,  if  the  Patient  is  capable  of  tellirfg  him  what  he 
has  omitted,  and  of  telling  or  predi(5ling  to  him  wh.u  the  Event 
will  be,  he  cannot  fail  of  acquiring  the  Reputation  of  knowing  per- 
fedlly  well  the  State  of  his  Patient:  And  altho'  it  be  not  always  in 
his  Power  to  favc  his  Life,  yet  by  predi(5fing  or  foretelling  him  what 
is  to  happen,  he  faves  his  Reputation,  let  the  Event  be  what  it  will. 
Now,  altho'  thcfe  Signs  and  Predications  are  fcattered  over  all  his 
Works,  yet  they  arc  more  particularly  colle(5led  in  his  Book  of  yf- 
pborifms,  and  his  mofl  excellent  Book  of  Prognofiics :  And  altho* 
his  Tngnojlics^xc  of  mofl  excellent  Ufe  in  the  mofl  of  all  ourDif^ 
cafes';  yet  fuch  is  the  Modefly  of  our  Author,  that  he  tells  his  Rea- 
ders, that  they  mull  not  depend  upon  tliem  as  infallible. 

The  firfl  Thing  Hippocrates  obferved  in  acute  Difeafes,  was  the 
fick  Perfon's  Countenance.  Now  according  to  him,  a  Perfon  that  has 
fuch  a  Vifage,  or  fuch  a  Countenance  as  he  had  in  perfedl  Health, 
it  is  a  good  Sign ;   '  But  when  a  flck  Perfon  has  a  fharp  Nofe,  his 

♦  Eyes  funk,   hollow  Temples,  riis  Ears  cold  and  drawn  back,    the 

*  Skin  of  his  Forehead  hard,  flretched  and  dry,  and  his  Countenance 
*'  of  a  Leadifh  Colour,  then  we  may  fay  Death  is  approaching,  or 
'  at  leaft,   that  his  Strength  is  entirely  exhaufled;  this  is  what  tlie 

•  Phyficians  call  Hippocrates  his  Face.  To  which  he  adds  clfcwhere, 
'  coid  and  hanging  Lips. 

As  to  their  Eyes,  when  the  Patient  cannot  endure  the  Light, 
when  he  tears  involuntarly,  when  parr  of  the  White  of  the  Eye  is 
cxpofed,  when  he  flceps  (unlefs  it  was  his  Cuflom  to  be  fo  when 
in  Health  )  and  when  they  are  glazed,  all  thefe  are  bad  Omens, 
or  at  leafl  of  a  great  Weaknefs.  The  Eyes  fparkling,  fixed  or  wan- 
dring,  is  a  Sign  of  a  prcfent  or  approaching  Delirium;  when  the 
Patient  perceives  fomething  red,  or  Fire-fparks  flying  before  his 
Eyes,  it  is  a  Sign  of  an  approaching  Hemoragy  or  Lofs  of  Blood  j. 
and  this  commonly  happens  before  a  Crifis  that  is  obtained  by 
this  Means. 

As  to  the  Poflure  of  the  Patient  when  in  Bed,  if  he  lies  upon 
one  Side,  with  his  Neck,  Arms  and  Legs  a  little  drawn  in,  as  Pet- 
Tons  in  Health  ordinarly  do,  it  is  a  good  Sign ;  to  the  contrary, 
if  the  Patient  lyes  on  his  Back,  with  his  Arms  extended  and  Legs; 
hanging,  it  is  a  Sign  of  a  great  Weakncfs ;   but  if  the  Patient  flides 

do\rn 

{fy  lik.  I.  de  Dku  fub  PiUcp.     (*)  Hitt.  dc  U  Medicine,  i  P-t.  Lib.  J.  Ouf.  «.     CO  Lib.  Pr»otugo  m  pimcip. 


VoJ.  III.     and  Dean  of  Faculty  to  the  College  of  Phyficians  at  Paris.      48  J 

down  with  his  Body  towards  his  Feet,  it  is  the  Sign  of  the  Weight 
of  liis  Body,  and  of  approaching  Death  :  When  the  Patient  lies  u- 
pon  his  Belly,  contrary  to  his  Cuftom,  it  is  either  a  Sign  that  he 
lias  a  Pain  in  his  Belly,  or  of  an  approaching  Delirium. 

In  a  burning  Fever,  when  the  Patient  is  conftantly  grippinf^ 
the  Cloaths  with  his  Hands,  or  plucking  off  with  his  Fingers,  as 
ii  there  were  fomething  upon  his  Bed-cloaths,    it  is  a  mortal  Sign. 

As  to  the  Signs  of  Deliriums  or  Rovings,  when  the  Patient  that 
naturally  fpeaks  little,  becomes  talkative,  or  the  Patient  that  is  na- 
turally talkative,  becomes  filent,  in  both  it  is  a  certain  Sign  either 
of  a  prefent  or  an  approaching  Delirium;  the  Rovings  upon 
fad  and  lugubrious  Sub)e(5ls  are  much  more  dangerous  than  thofe 
that  run  upon  chearful  Subjedls,  the  Starting  of  the  Tendons  and 
long  Watchings  in  Acute  Difeafes,  are  Signs  of  an  approaching 
Delirium. 

As  to  the  Refpirations  of  the  Patients,  it  was  much  obfcrved,  and 
depended  upon  by  Hippocrates,  who  enumerates  a  great  many  dif- 
ferent Sorts  of  them,  from  whicli  he  draws  his  different  Progno- 
flicks ;  but  it  is  fufficicnt  for  my  Dcfign  to  acquaint  the  Reader, 
that  a  frequent  and  forced  Rcfpiration  is  a  certain  Sign  that  the 
Patient  is  pained,  or  that  there  is  an  Inflammation  of  the  Parts  be- 
below  the  Diaphragm  i  and  that  a  long  Refpiration  is  a  Sign  06 
an  approaching  Delirium,  but  a  natural  and  free  Rcfpiration  is  al- 
ways a  good  Sign  in  all  acute  Difeafes. 

Hippocrates  likeuife  infifts  very  much  upon  all  the  different 
Qualities  of  tlic  Excrements  that  are  voided  by  our  Bodies,  that  is 
to  fay,  upon  their  Colour,  Smell  and  Confidence,  the  extraordina- 
ry Alterations  tiiat  liappen  to  them;  and  as  to  their  Heat,  Cold- 
nefs,  Sharpnefs,  (S^c.  as  well  as  in  Relation  to  tlieir  Quantity,  to 
the  Places  from  whence  they  are  evacuated,  to  the  Time  of  their 
Duration, ,  and  to  the  Manner  and  other  Circumflances  of  theic 
Eva,cuation  i  but  he  mainly  infifls  upon  the  grofs  Excrements,  on 
which  we  fliall  give  fome  few  of  his  Obfervations.  The  Urine  of  a 
fick  Perfo.n  that  has  a  good  Sediment,  that  is  to  fay,  the  grofs  Pare 
of  which  falls  to  the  Bottom,  and  -is  white,  equal  and  uniform, 
and  remains  fo  during  the  Indifpofitibn  of  the  Patient,  is  a  Sign 
that  he  is  in  no  Danger,  but  will  recover  his  former  State  of 
Health:  And  this  is  what  he  calls  a  Sign  of  a  good  Digeftion  of 
the  Humours,  and  he  obferves,  that  this  Digeftion  never  happens 
bat  upon  the  Days  of  the  Crifis  that  terminate  the  Difeafe ;  for 
fays  he,  we  arc  to  compare  the  Urine  to  the  Matter  of  Ulcers,  for 
the  Matter  that  proceeds  from  an  Ulcer,  if  it  be  white  and  like  the 
Sediment  of  the  above  mentioned  Urine,  it  is  a  Sign  that  the  Ul- 
4;er  will  cure  j  but  if  the  Matter  be  clear,  or  of  any  other  Colour 
|han.whitQ.  aod  has  a  bad  Smell,  it  is  a  Sign  that  the  Ulcer  ismalig- 
j)ant,  and  confcquently  not  cafily  cured :  In  the  fame  Manner  all 
the  Urines,  as  they'more  or  lefs  approach  to  what  is  above  menti- 
oned, aip  the  Q)ore  or  lefs  to  be  depended  uponi   an4  the  more 

ffffffl  that 


"^         The  Ltfe  of  HEN KY  BLACKWOOD,  M.  D.  Vol.  Ill 

that  they  are  icmoveJ  from  this  Digeflion,  the  more  they  prog- 
j^-*^    nofticatc  the  Cruchcies  of  the  Humours  and  of  the  Urines;  of  this 
^^v^    laft  Sort  the  belt  arc  thofe  that  are  the  Redilh  of  a  fweetand  equal 
Sediment;   and    they  prognofticate,    that  the  Difcafe  will  be  of  a 
longer  continuance,    but  without  any  Danger,    the  worft  arc  thefe 
that  arc  very  red,  and  at  the   fame  Time  clear,    and  without   any 
Sediment  or  tliick,    and  perturbed,   when  rendrcd  by  the  Patient 
in  Urines :    There  is  likewi(e  fometimcs  obfcrved  a  Cloud,  which 
in  the  Urinals  or  Glalfcs  in  which  the  Urines  are,   ftands  fufpen- 
ded,  and  the  more  that  this  Cloud  is  fufpended  from  tlie  Bottom, 
or  dirtercnt  from  the  Colour  that  the  Sediment  fhould  be  of,    tlie 
more  it  prognolticats  the  Crudity   of  the  Humours.     The  Urines 
that  are  white  and  clear  as   Water  is  likewife  the  Sign  of  a  great 
Crudity,  and  lometimcs  of  aTransfcrrence  of  the  Bile  to  the  Brain. 
Thofe  that  are  yellow  prognofticate  a  Prevalency  of  Bile.     Thofe 
that  are  black  are  the  worfe,  and  particularly  if  they  have  a  fetid 
Smell,  or  that  they  are  altogether  perturbed,  or  altogether  clear. 
Thofe  that  have  a  grofs  Sediment,  like  Meal,  or  like  Scales,  or  like 
thin  Plates  of  Matter,  are  all  of  a  bad  Omen,    efpecially  the  lad 
two ;  and  by  them  the  Phyflcian  may  judge  of  the  bad  Difpoficion 
of  the  Patient's  Reins  or  Bladder,  when  a  fat   or  oylous  Subftance 
floats  above  the  Urine,   forming  a  Cover  like  a  Spider's  Webb, 
it    prognofticats   a  Confumpcion   of    the  Fle(hy  and    folid  Parts. 
When  the  Patient  voids  a  great  deal  of  Urine,    it  is  a  Sign  of  a 
Crifis.     HipfocKiites    likewile  compares    the    Difpoficion    of   the 
Tongue  to  that  of  the  Urines.  Thus  for  Example,  when  the  Tongue 
is  yellow  and  overcharged  with  Bile,    the  Urine  fhould  be  of  the 
fame  Colour;   and  on  the  contrary,  when  the  Tongue  is  vermili- 
on and  humid,  the  Urine  ought  to  have  its  natural  Colour. 

As  to  the  Excrements,  if  they  befoft,  yellowifh,  of  a  good  Con- 
liftance,  and  without  any  extraordinary  Stink,  and  that  the  Quan- 
tity be  anfwerable  to  the  Nourifhment  that  the  fick  Perfon  takes, 
and  that  they  are  voided  at  the  due  Hours,  it  is  a  Sign  of  the  good 
State  of  the  Patient's  Health  or  Recovery :  If  the  Matter  be  liquid, 
it  may  afford  great  Eafe  to  the  Patient,  provided  it  be  not  voided 
with  too  great  a  Noife,    in  fmall  Quantities,  and  too  frequently,  or 
in  too  great  Abundance,  or  fo  often  as  to  make  the  Patient  faint- 
ifh.      All  Excrements  that  are  watcrifh,  whitifh,  of  a  pale  grecnifh 
Colour,  red,   frothy  or  (limy,  are  bad;    but  thofe  that  arc  black, 
greafy,  livid,  or  of  the  Colour  of  Verdegreafe,  are  the  worft  of  all: 
But  when  they  are  entirely  black,    which  is  nothing  elfe  but  the 
voiding  of  the  Black  Bile,  is  always  the  Prognoftic  of  great  Danger- 
for  whenever  that  Humour  is  voided,  it  prognofticatcs  the  bad  State 
of  the  Patient's  Intrails.     Excrements  of  diverfe  Colours  are  not  on- 
ly bad,  but  prognofticate  the  Duration  of  the  Difeafc.     Thofe  that 
arebloodv,  yellow,  and  full  of  Bile,  greenifli  and  black;  thofe  that 
are  like  the  inner  Coat  of  the  Guts,   and  thofe  that  are  altogether 
bilous  or  pituit,  arc  all  of  them  bad. 

As 


Vol.  lU.     and  Dean  of  Faculty  to  the  College  of  Phyftctans  at  Paris.      485 

As  to  Vomiting;  it"  the  Matter  be  mix'd  with  Bile  and  Pituit,  ic 
is  good  ;  but  if  it  be  altogether  Pituit,  or  altogether  Bile,  it  is  bad:    r>,i<s^ 
Thofc  that  are  black,   livid  oi'  green,   arc  all  of  them  dartgerotis.    i^J^ 
The  Vomiting  of  Blood  proves  often  morsi  mortal,    as  does  like- 
wife  of  livid  Matter  with  a  fetid  Smell. 

As  to  the  Defluxion  or  Spittle  that's  voided  by  fick  Perfons ;    if 
they  be  eafily  expedtorated,  and  without  Difficulty,  tho'  at  firft  yel- 
lowilh,  there's  no  Danger:    But  if  they  continue  long  of  that  Co- 
lour after  the  Commencement  of  the  bifeafe,  or  that  they  ate  red, 
or  that  they  arc  faltifh  or  fharp,  and  caufe  a  great  Cough,  they  are 
not  good  J    and  tho(e  that  ire  altogether  yellow,    are  dangerous; 
thofc  that  are  white,  touoh  and  frothy,  give  no  manner  of  Eafc  to 
the  Patient :  And  altho'  tiie  Whitenefs  of  "the  Spittle  be  a  good  Si^^n 
of  the  Godlion  or  Digeftion  of  the  Humours,  yet  they  fllould  not  be 
too  vifcid,  too  thick,  or  too  clear.      And  the  Tdilie  Judgment  may 
be  formed  of  the  Excrements  of  the  Nofe,   in  telation  to  their  Co- 
dlion  and  Crudity  i    Thofc  that  aie  green,  black  or  red,  are  very 
troublefom  in  the  Inflammation  of  the  Lungs ;    Thofe  that  appear 
firft  mixt  with  Bile  and  Blood,  are  of  no  Danger;    but  if  it  comes 
not  till  the  7th  Day,  it  prognoAicates  great  Danger.     But  theworfl 
of  all  is,  when  the  Defluxion  is  detained,  and  by  the  Quantity  of 
the  Matter  that  Nature  would  have  dvacUatcd,  it  caufes  a  Rattling 
and  Noife  in  the  Throat  and  the  fireaft,    a  Spitting  of  Blood,  fol- 
lowed with  an  ulceroijs  Matter,  and  is  an  inflexible  Sign  of  a  De- 
cay, and  of  approaching  Death; 

As  to  the  Sweatings  of  fick  I^erfons ;  thofe  that  come  upon  the 
critical  Days,  that  are  plentiful,  and  over  the  whole  Body,  aind  that 
abate  the  Fever,  afe  good  and  fafe,  and  prognoflicate  the  Pati- 
ent's Rfecov6ry.  Cold  Sweats  arc  bad  in  all  acute  Feavers;  but  in 
others,  it  only  prognofticates  the  Duration  of  the  Difeafe.  When 
the  Patient  only  fweats  in  the  Head  dnd  Neck,  it  is  a  Sign  that  the 
Difeafe  will  be  long  and  dangerous.  An  Ephidfofc,  or  a  flight 
Moifturc  of  a  Sweat,  either  upon  the  Head  or  Bread,  affords  noi 
muoncr  of  Relief  to  the  Patient ;  but  it  prognofticates  the  Scat  of 
the  Difeafd,  and  the  Weaknefsof  the  Part* 

As  to  the  CoUcdion  of  airy  ulcerous  Matter  in  any  Part  of  the 
Body;  as  long  as  it  is  a-formin^^  thci  Patient  is  pain'd,  and  the  Fe- 
ver continues,  and  does  not  cdafe  till  the  Matter  be  throughly  ri- 
pened :  And  we  have  above  given  an  Account  of  the  good  and  bad 
Signs  of  the  Codliorl  of  this  Matter,  when  fpeaking  of  Urines. 

As  to  the  Hypoconders  and  Belly;  when  they  are  hard,  unequal, 
and  elevated  or  too  much  raifed,  or  that  the  Patient  cannot  fuf- 
fer  them  to  be  touched,  'tis  a  Sign  that  thelntrals  afe  in  a  badDif^ 
pofition,    unlefs  there  be  an  external  Infilammation. 

As  to  the  Pulfe,  or  Beating  of  the  Arteries;  Galen  (a)  anJ  fome 
Modern  Grecians  have  affirmed,  That  this  is  the  only  Part  of  Me- 
dicin  that  this  ancient  Phyfician  did  not  take  notice  ot  >    yet  the 

G  g  g  g  g  g  ____  ^^^^ 


48(5       The  Life  of  HENRY  BLACKWOOD,  M.  D.         Vol.  III. 

fame  Calcn  (n)  in  another  Place,  favs,  Tlut  lie  was  the  Hrfl  I'liyfl- 
cian  that  made  ufc  ot  the  Word  Pulfe  in  the  Scnfc  that  it  is  ordina- 
rily ufed  in,  that  is  to  fay,  for  the  ordinary  and  natural  Beating  oi 
the  Arteries ;  tor  it  is  to  be  obfcrved,  That  Hippocrates  and  the  an- 
cient Phyficians,  lor  the  mofl  part,  underftood  by  this  Word,  the 
extraordinary  PuKation,  or  violent  Beating  that  is  found  or  percei- 
ved in  the  inflamed  Part,  without  the  Application  of  the  1-ingcrs: 
.Yer,  as  Mr.  Le  Clerc  has  obferved  (c)  from  the  Writings  of  Jhppo* 
crates,  he  has  fcveral  Precepts  upon  this  Subjed;  as  when  he  (ay<j 
(d\  In  very  acnte  Rwrs,  the  Tulfe  is  wry  frequent.  And  in  the 
fame  Place,  wlicn  he  mentions  Jloiv  nnd  trembling  Puljes.  And 
when  he  obferves,  in  fpeaking  of  the  jluor  albm  in  Women,  Tlmt  a 
Pulfe  that  is  fo  weak  and  feeble^  as  to  be  hardly  difcernable  to  the  f in- 
fers, is  a  Si^n  of  an  approaching  T)eath.  And  in  his  Edition  of  Hip- 
pocratess  Prognoftics  he  obferves,  Tiiat  in  Lethargic  People  the  Pulfe 
iS  flow  and  lingering.  And  in  his  Book  {e)  of  Epiuemic  Diieafes,  he 
fays,  l^at  zvhen  the  Cubital  Vein  or  Jrtery  beats  Jlrongejl,  'tis  a  Sign 
that  the  Patient  is  inclined  to  be  furious,  or  that  he  is  'very  much  in- 
clined to  be  choleric  and  pajsionate. 

Now,  by  all  thefe  Padages  it  plainly  appears,    That  Hippocratei 
was  not  altogether  ignorant  of  the  Signs  ot  the  Pulfe  :  But  \t  muft 
be  acknowledged,  that  he  did  not  depend  upon  them  I'o  muchj  as 
on  the  other  Signs  mentioned  by  them ;    for  he  does  not  reduce 
them  under  certain  Precepts  and  Heads,  as  he  does  the  refl:  of  the 
Si<;ns,  as  appears  from  his  Book  of  Epidemic  Difeajes,  which  is  a 
Kmd  onoumul,    wherein  he  fets  down  a  great  many  Hiftories  of 
Direa(cs,*'and  his  Method  of  curing  them  ;  and  wherein  he  takes  no 
Notice  of  the  State  of  the  Pulfes.     But  as  Mr.  Le  Clerc  obferves. 
This  probably  proceeded  hom  his  Obfervation  of  the  different  Dc- 
erees  ot  Heat  and  Cold  that  he  obferved  in  his  feverifh  Patients,  or 
from  tneir  Inquietudes  or  Refpirations;  in  the  laft  of  which  he  was 
very  particular.     And  this  may  fuffice  to  give  tlie  Reader  a  general 
Idea  of  this  Book  which  our  Author  publifhed,  compared  with  the 
befl  Mf"-  ^nd  which  has  been  fo  highly  valued  by  all  the  Phy/ici- 
ans  that  have  flourifhed  fmce  Hippocrates'^  Time,   and  upon  which 
the-  Moderns  iiave  made  vaft  Improvements,    by  a  great  many  o- 
ther  additional  Prognodics;  and  efpecially  upon  that  of  the  Pui(e, 
in  which  he  was  dcfecffive.      And  amongfl  all  the  Moderns  \iiio 
have  wrote  upon  this  Subjed,  there  is  none  who  has  writ  with  fuch 
Accuracy  and  Exadfnefs  as  the  famous  Profper  yilpinas,  Profelfor  at 
Padua,  in  his  excellent  Book,  De  prxfagienda  njita  (^  morte  A^rc- 
t  ant  mm,  &'c.  firft  Printed  at  Venice,  in  i6oi,  in  /^to. 

By  Vempjlers  Account  of  our  Author,  he  could  not  but  have 
been  very  old  when  he  died;  for  if  he  was Profeffor  of  Philolophy 
in  the  Univerfity  of  Taris  in  the  Year  1551,  'tis  but  reafonable  to 
think  that  at  lead  he  was  10  Years ;    and  if  he  died  in  the  Year 

161^ 


(t)  Dc  differ,  ec  se».  Pilf.       CO  Hift.do  Medic,   l  Part.    L.  3.    Chip.  6,  i.  153.      (W)  Epideia.  Lib.  ^      (»)  Fpi- 
jts.  Lib.  a. 


Vol.  III.  487 

iCJiJ,   or  K^H)    as  he  fays,   he  muft  have  been  ^Z  or  83  Years 
of  Age. 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works* 

I.  "fir  W  Organtim  yirijlotelis  Comynentana,  Lib.  I. 
X    II-  CoUatio  Medictm  at  que  Philojophix,  Lib.  I. 
III.  Dc  darts  cy^edicis,  Lib.  XII. 

IV.  jinimad'verfiones  in  omnes  Galeni  Libros^  Lib.  I. 

V.  Hippocratis  cjumAam  cum  Mfs.  collata,  Lib.  I. 
Amongft  thefe  was  publiflied,  , 

ilippocratis  Cot  Prognojticorum,  Libri  tres,  cum  Latiita  Interpre- 
tationit  ad  'veterum  exempUrium  fdem  emendati  ^  recogniti^ 
Parifiis)  4/7«^  Johan  Libert.  i<5i5,  /»  4/0. 

VI.  In  ^k:iiandrt*m  Trallicinum,  Lib.  I. 

VII.  Locorum  quorundam  Plinii  Bxplicatib,  Lib.  I. 

Vlil.  ^AJiio  Medica,  in  Scholis  Medicorum  Pari  fen fium  agitata, 
An  'vtfceribftj  nutritiis  Afiuantibtu  aquarum  metaUtcarum  pottu 
falubris  f  in  {^0^  Parifiis. 


THE 

Life  of  AVAM  BLACI{WOOV,  Pro. 
feffor  of  the  Civil  Law  at  ToiCtiers. 

AT>qJM  BLACKWOOD  was  born  in  7)um- 
fermling  in  the  Shire  of  Fife,  in  the  Tear  1539:  p^jj''^''-^^ 
He  was  defcended  of  an  ancient  Family.  And  we  u^lf^n.^ 
find,  that  in  the  Time  of  George  Cardinal  d'  Am- 
boife  there  was  buried  at  Rome,  in  the  Campus 
Martius,  in  the  Chufch  of  the  Augufiines,  one 
7ohn  Blackwood,  with  this  Infcription  upon  his  Tomb : 

SCotia  quigenuit  gencrofae  jlirpe  Joannes 
'Blackvod,  heu  mifer!  hie  fitus  efi  ante  dtem. 
Clarus  erat  Scutijer  patris  alti  Rotomagenfis 
Cardinalis,  hie  placid  a  front  is  (^  oris  erat : 
Inde  animt  pietate,  fide  ^  -virtutibus  impar, 
Carcere  ab  hoc  tandem  je  tultt  ad  fuperos. 

His  Father  IVtliiam  Blackwood  died  in  Battle,    fighting  for  hii\ 
Country.      His  Mother  Helen  Reid,  was  Niece  to  Rdbert  ,Retd  M^: 
(hop  of  Orknaj.    He  loft  both  his  Father  and  Moiliet  inthef  Tetithii 
Year  of  his  Age,  as  he  elegantly  thus  expreffcth  it  in  one  of  his  Po- 
ems: 

G  g  g  g  g  g  1  -A/<// 


488  T^<r  /.//ft)/ ADAM  BLACKWOOD,  Vol.111. 

TpfTiis  'vix  erat  alterHm 
■^  IngrelJa  lufirttm;    cum  mihi  frdia 
RaptHs  Pater.     Mater  dolore 
VtCta,  comes  jeqmtur  Maritum. 

After  the  Death  of  his  Parents  he  was  fcnc  to  th*  Univerfity  of* 
Paris  by  his  Uncle  the  Bifhop  ©f  Orknay,    where  he  had  his  Edu- 
cation under  thcfc  two  famous  Maftcrs,  Adrian  Turnehm  and  Joan- 
nes Attratus  :  But  lie  had  not  been  long  in  that  Univerfitjr  when  his 
Uncle  died ;  which  obliged  him  to  return  to  Scotland :    But  finding 
no  Encouragement  there,    by  rearon  of  the  Civil  Wars,  he  retur- 
ned ;  where,  by  the  Liberality  of  Queen  Mary,  he  fludied  PhilO- 
fophy,  Mathematics  and  the  Oriental  Languages ;    and  aftdr  that 
he  had  accompliflied  himfelf  in  thefe  Studies,    he  went  to  theUni- 
verfity  of  Tholotife,  where  he  ftudied  the  Civil  Law  for  two  Years; 
and  returning  to  ^arisy    he  acquired  a  great  Reputation  for  his 
Learning  j    and  becoming  intimatly  acquainted  with  James  Bea- 
ton Archbjfhop  of  GUf^ow,  he  recommended  him  more  ampl)'  to 
the  Queen,  and  her  Husband  the  Dauphin;    who  recommended 
him  to  the  Parliament  of  Poi6fiers,    to  be  admitted  one  of  their 
We'/'w**  Members :    And  after  a  due  Examination,    wherein  he  acquitted 
amlaro.f  himfelf  with  an  univerfal  Applaufe,    he  was  chofcn  one  of  their 
f,nw?he  Counfellors,  and  afterwards  made  Profeffor  of  the  Civil  Law  ;  du- 
ip.riumtnc    ^-^^^  \y\i\ch  Time  he  compofed  and  publifhed  the  follotving  Books. 
*„d p'rofiffor      ji^g  f\j([  of  tliefc  is  his  tvVo  Books  concerning  the  Connection 
uw.*  ' '    or  Union  that  is  betwixt  Religion  and  Empire  :    Thefe  are  publi- 
fhed at  Paris,  in  the  Year  1 575,  and  dedicated  to  Queen  Mary.   Iri 
thefe  Books  he  fliows,  by  various  Examples,  and  Reafonings  from 
(acred  and  prophane  Hiftory,  how  much  it  is  the  Intereft  of  Princes 
and  for  their  Happinefs,  to  take  care  of  Religion,    efpecially  tlie 
Chriftian  Religion  i    and  to  oppofe  all  Innovations,  from  whence 
arife  all  Rebellions ;   And  that  when  Princes  neglcdl  the  true  Reli- 
gion and  Worfnip  of  God,  by  fuffering  falfe  Opinions,   derogatory 
to  his  Purity  and  Holiriefs,  to  fpread  amongfl  their  Subjecfts ;   then 
'tis  not  to  be  expeded  but  that  God  will  punifh  them.     Whereas 
the  pure  Rehgion  of  the  Gofpel  can  never  fr\il  to  fupport  their  Pow- 
er and  Empire;  Rebellion  being  diametrically  oppoiite  to  rheDo- 
•drines  of  Chriji. 

His  next  Book  is  \\'\s  Apology  for  Kings  •,  zoUviii  Buchanan's'^ook 
de  Jure  Regni,  dedicated  to  Queen  Mary  and  her  Son,  and  publi- 
ftied  at  Poiditrs  in  1580.  This  Book  confifls  of  55  Chapters: 
The  firfl  Chapter  is  a  bitter  Invedlive  againft  the  rebellious  Pra(fli- 
ces  and  Principles  of  the  Reformers.  In  the  id  Chapter  he  treats 
of  the  Title  of  Buchanans  Dialogue,  Of  the  Right  to  Reign  among 
the  Scots,  as  if  the  Scots  had  a  tJifferent  Right  from  all  other  Na- 
tions. Then  he  asks  him,  If  by  the  Right  he  refers  to  here,  he 
means  that  Law  of  Nature  which  is  common  to  the  Beafts  as  well 

as 


VoL  III.  one  of  the  Senators  of  Pointers.  a^q 

as  to  us,  as  Vlpian  has  obfervcd  (a)  which  Law  exempcs  us  from 
all  Government  and  LaWs,  or  ifit^cthac,  which  is  mod  agreeable 
CO  the  Didtates  of  huniane  Nature,  which  the  Civilians  call  the 
Law  of  Natiohs,  but  even  by  tliis  lart  Law  the  Government  was 
never  lodged  in  the  Populace,  as  oiir  Author  is  to  make  appear; 
but  indeed  Buchahan  feiems  to  have  undcrrtood  it  of  the  firft  Law 
as  feveral  of  his  Followers  have  firicc  explained  themfclvcs,  and  as 
one  of  their  Pofets  exprefTes  it. 

«  Born  free  as  Nature   firfl  made  Mah, 
•<  E're  the  bafe  Laws  of  Servitude  began 
«  When  wild  in  Woods  the  noble  Savage  ran. 

But  how  contrary  this  Utopian  Scheme  is  to  the  Account  that  we 
have  of  the  Original  of  Government  in  the  Sacred  Scriptures,  will 
appear  afterwards :  Our  Auther  in  this  Chapter,  lafhes  Buchanan 
feverely  for  his  Ingratitude,  and  treafonable  Pra(5lices :  In  the  third 
Chapter  our  Author  fhows,  that  the  Occafion  of  the  Writing  of 
this  Book  wds  to  vindicate  their  Rebellion  againfl:  their  Prince,  and 
to  fuftain  the  Intereft  of  his  old  Pupil  the  Ballard  Regent  the  Earl 
of  Murray,  who  to  pave  hi?  Way  to  the  Throne,  upon  which  he 
had  always  his  Eye,  caufed  a  Run>our  to  be  fpread  amongft  the 
People,  that  his  Mother  was  lawfully  married  to  King  James  the 
V.  and  that  when  /he  was  with  Child  of  him,  fhe  dreamed  that  fhe 
was  with  Child  of  a  Lyon,  and  that  in  one  Word  he  was  the  true 
Heir  of  the  Kingdom;  fo  that  if  he  could  but  once  dethrone  the 
Queen,  by  ac^cufing  her  of  the  Murdering  of  her  Husband,  and  cut 
off  the  Loyal  Families  that  adhered  to  her,  there  would  be  no  Dif- 
ficulty of  gaining  the  Throne ;  and  in  this  Projedl  Morton  join'd 
with  him,  hot  for  any  Love  that  he  bore  tO  him,  but  partly  out  of 
Fear,  and  partly  out  of  a  Profped  of  being  a  Sharer  in  the  Govern- 
ment,  in  which  hie  was  not  deceived ;  for  after  they  had  expelled 
their  lawful  Prince,  both  of  them  moft  tyrannically  ufurped  the 
Government. 

^tifus  uterqut  mfas^    Domini  refperfus  uterque 
Jn[ontis  jiigulo.     (l>) 

After  our  Author  fhows  what  Sort  of  Perfons  thdfe  were  who  ac- 
cufed  the  Queen  of  this  Murder  j  they  were  either  Perfons  newly 
railed  by  her  Enemies,  of  the  Dregs  of  the  People  mean  menial 
Servants,  and  Dependcrs  upon  them,  or  notorioudy  fajftious  and 
rebellious;  and  fince  by  the  ancient  Laws  the  Chriflians  could  not 
be  accufed  bv  the  fews  (()  the  Orthodox  by  the  Hereticks,  Pa- 
rents by  Children,  Patrons  by  Clients,  and  by  an  exprefs  Law  of 
Honoriiis  and  Anddms,  Servants  who  accufed  their  Mafters,  with 
whom  they  had  been  familiar,  or  in  whofe  Lands  they  had  Pof- 
feflion,  either  capitally  or  for  their  Fortunes,    before  exhibiting  of 

H  h  h  h  h  h  the 

/jio.Llb.    I.l.f....dtiu9.&jj.f.    (i)  CU..1.  <J.  4.  Cpnf.  Hoi     (O  Quo"""  ».  4.  h«,e.,  *  ku«h  Dt  C.  ,al  «>, 


T^o  77;gZ//'^  0/  ADA  M  BLACKWOOD,  Vol.  Ijfl 

■  ^  " ■ 7-*— — ■ — ■— 

the  WitnefTes,    or  Examination  6f  the  Judges,    in  the  very  Opcn- 
in<»  and  Exordium  of  the  Accufatiori,  were  ordered  to  be  cut  ofTby 
the  Sword,  for  fay  they  (a)  ijoctm  cpim  ftincjlam  amfutart^  potitss 
oportet  duatn  audiri,    it  was  better  to  cut  oft  the  pellifcrous  Voice 
than  to  hear  it;    with  what  Confidence  then  fays  our  Author  can 
thofe  Men,    Scoundcrals,  and  Depehders  upon  iier  Majcfly's  Ene- 
mies,   be  admitted  Parties  and  Judges  a^aintl  this  illuflrious  Prin- 
cefs,  efpecially,  fince  by  the  Civil  Law  (b)  tlie  Confcnt  of  private 
Perfons,    or  what  they  do  cannot  fland  in  Judgment,  or  have  any 
Authority  againfl  any  Perfon  whatfomev^cr,  and  much  more  reafo- 
nable  was  the  Cuftom  of  the  Ptrjians,   who  in  all  Capital  Cafes 
(c)  never  pafTcd  Sentence,  till  they  found  the  Number  of  the  bad 
Qualities  in  the  accufed  Perfon  to  exceed  his  good  ones.     And 
laflly  our  Author  fays,   That  grahtmg  the  Queen  to  be  fuch  a  Ty- 
tant  as  he  reprefents  her,  whcr6hs  to  the  contrary,    fhe  was  all  X-b- 
hity  and  Mercy,    yet  it  was  no  Ground  for  them  to  rife  in  Rebelli- 
on awainfl  her ;     and  for  this  he  afjpeali  to  the  Example  of  the 
koyaf  Pfalmift  David,    To  well  known  i6  Buchanan,   who  added 
Homicide  to  his  Adultery,  and  y^t  neVe^  Was  called  a  Tyrant,  nor 
killed  by  his  Subjedls  for  it,    altho'  by  the  Law  amongft  the  fie* 
yrewsi  the  Crime  of  Adilltery  ^-as  capital,  and  then  he  exhorts  5«. 
6hiinm  to'  refled  upon  the  Mutrder  of  David  Riz^io  the  Queens 
Secretary,   which  his  Accomplices  and  Patrons  did,    in  the  open 
D&y,  in  the  middle  ot  the  Court,  at  Her  Majefly's  Feet,  fhe  being 
bi*  With  Child,  and  which  they  avowed  to  the  whole  World,  and 
ddires  him  to  compare  this  publick  Murder  with  theirs,  for  which 
they  had  no  Law  or  Authority,  to  that  which  they  accufed  their 
Priftcefs  of,    without  any  Proof,    but  on  the  contrary  was  clearly 
proven  to  be  falfe  and  calumnious,    and  they  themfelves  the  Au- 
thors of,  and  for  which,    by  all  the  Laws  of'^God  and  Men,   they 
bught  to  have  been  feverely  puriifhed. 

In  the  fourth  Chapter  our  Author  fhows,  how  unjufl  and  ridicu- 
lous Buchanan  is,    in  reprefenting  Qiieen  Mary  as  a  Tyrant,   by 
giving  the  Charader  of  a  Tyrant,  and  of  Queen  Mary;   befides 
he  fhows,  that  it  never  was  by  a  Law,  or  with  the  Confent  of  the 
People,  that  even  Tyrants  themfelves  were  killed  :    Thus  Caligula 
who  was  fuch  a  Tyrant,  that  he  wifhed  that  all  the  People  of  Rome 
had  but  one  Head,  that  he  might  cue  it  off  at  one  Stroke,  was  not 
killed  by  a  Decree  of  the  Senate,  but  by  Cajfius,  as  he  was  coming 
out  of  the  Theatre,  and  fo  he  inflances  in  the  Deaths  of  feveral  other 
Tyrants ;  he  acknowledges,  that  Queen  Mary  made  fome  Efcapes 
in  her  Governnient,  and  particularly  in  impofing  a  new  Tax  upon 
her  Sub)e(5Vs,  by  the  Advice  of  the  Baflard  Murray,  which  he  did 
on  purpofe  to  alienate  the  Minds  of  her  Subjedls  from  her ;   but 
if  her  Life  be  compared  with  thofe  of  her  PredecefTors,    fhe  will 
be  found  inferior  to  none  of  them :  For,  fayi  hii,    they  who  have 

the 


(«)  t.  C  (jui.  c.  de  hit  qai  .ccuf.  non  poff.     (M  Ptl»Mo.uni  enim  confenrut  judictm  ndo  f.cir,  nee  quod  ■•ft""''  "' )''' 
dlnn,  vim  Sc  .uaoiiuiom  lubct  L.  J.  de  juiiW;  omo.   Jud.  Cap.  figoifiati  do  fo».  compet,    CO  O'od  ficul  Lib  1.  >3- 


Vol.  II[.  One  of  the  Senators  of  Poictiers, 


49* 


the  (cvit^  Faults  arc  always,  to  be  efteemed  the  bcft,    according  to 
•that  of  the  Poet. 

Nam  'vitiis  henio  Jthe  Mjciiur,    opticus  tile  eji 
Gluirnimjiii^  ut-getUr. 

Irt  the  Jth  Chapter  our  Author  fliows,  how  vaftly  'Buchanan  i$ 
miftaken,  in  thinking  that  thfe  Scot^  Monarchy,  and  the  Govern- 
.ment  of  the  Rohjans  under  their  Cafars  were  the  fame;  .  and  in 
applying  the  Proceedings  of  Subjedls  under  a  Repubhck  to 
thofe  of  the  Scots,    \ii'ho  arc  under  an  abfoluce  Monarchy. 

Ih  the  6th  Chapter  he  examins  Buchdnaris  Comparifon  betWixt 
the  Natural  and  the  Body  Politic.  The  Natural  Body  (fays  Bu- 
chanan) is  like  the  Body  Politic :  The  Dijeajes  that  arife  from  the 
Humours  in  the  Body,  arc  Itke  the  Commotions  and  Reielfions  that 
are  in  the  Cominoniuealth;  for  the  curing  of  which,  as  in  the  one  Cafe 
the  fick  Per  fori  calls  foi^  what  Phyfician  he  pleafes,  and  dtf  charges  him 
'when  he  pleafes ;  jfo  tit  the  other  Cafi,  the  King  plays  the  Tart  of  a 
Phyflciani.btlt  may  be  turned  off  or  dijcharged,  whenever  the  People 
who  called  him  and  made  choice  of  him,  pleafes. 
'...  To  this  oul:  Authoi'  fays.  That  this  Comparifon  of  Buchanan^ 
if  it  prbv^s  ariy  thing,  proves  the  Contrary  of  what  he  intends, 
for  this  pf'oVes  the  Neceffity  of  an  abfolute  Monarchy ;  for  there 
is  ho  Patidnt  that  calls  a  Phyfician  but  he  gives  him  an  abfolute 
Powier  over,  his  Life,  and  to  do  what  he  pleafes  with  him :  'Tis 
true,  that  (bib&times  a  fretful  difcontented  Patient  may  chancre  his 
Phyfician,'  knd  cJall  for  another;  but  thisisftill  look'd  upon  §y  all 
wife  Men,' as  an  Acftibrt  not  proceeding  from  his  Judgment  or  Wif^ 
diym,  bui  from  the  unaccountable  Rovings  of  his  Difeafe  :  And  if 
the  People  have  no  riiore  Powet\t6  judge  of  their  Kings,  chart  a  fick 
Perfon  iii  a  Fever  has  of  his  Phyfician,  Vis  plain  they  have  none 
at  all. 

In  the  7th  Chapter,  our  Author  comes  to  examine  the  ori«yinal 
Sta^c  of  Nature,  and  proves.  That  it  was  a  State  of  Dependency  by 
thd  Iriftitution  of  God  Almighty;  or  by  acquired  Power,  not  from 
the  Choice  andConfcnt  of  the  People,  bUt  by  the  Right  that  they 
had  by  their  Birth,  and  Superiority  over  the  People  :  As  fie  ihoug 
in  fcveral  Inflancesftom  prophine  arid  facred  Hiftory.  And  in- 
deed this  is  very  plain  from  the  fiicred  Hrftory  ir  felf;  for  a^  Sraie 
of  Equality  arhongft  Mankind  can  never  bei'  as  long  as  we  ailo\^ 
of  the  Scripture-accourit  of  the^  OrigrrtatTdii  of  Mankind,  whicff 
makes  us  all  to  depend  upon  one  Another.  ■'■  Neither  is  th^r^  anV 
Didate  of  Nature  more' im^rtfifed  upondufciMinds;v  fjiuh  the  Ob'<^ 
dicrtcd  of. ChUdren  to  tKfeir  Parents':'  'Tis cf ire,  fonv^  of  ^oFlir^ 
F6ilowers  of  5«f/><«i««- have  aoki^owledged^i  Dependency  irf'^^fe 
State  of  Nature  j  but  they  deny  the  Paternal  Power.  Thus  one  of 
their  famous.  Rabbi's  (a)  fays,  That  tht-Ptfth  Commandment  is  fi 
fd^fr'omf  (phli/hing  (he  Monarchhjd  'P(f&>i^  of  thg  father,   thUf  it 

H  h  h  h  h  h  I  •  f(ts 


(«)  t^k  *(tluA  Sif  A.Qb«n  I-Ubm,  Bask  i.  Ouf.  <.   Pi|«  )). 


-^  The  Ltfeof  ADf^M  BLACKWOOD.  Vol.  111. 

fits  up  the  Mother  equal  with  him.  For  which  he  quotes  a  great 
many  Texts,  where  Children  are  cdmmaniled  to  honour  their  Fa- 
thers and  Mothers.  And  then  concludes,  J  do  not  rememher  that  I 
any  where  read^  Children,  obey  your  Fathers,  and  no  more  :  The  Scri- 
pture joins  the  Mother  too  tn  that  Hommage  which  u  due  from  Chil- 
dren. And  he  employs  a  whole  Chapter  to  prove  the  Mother's  Ti- 
tle equal  to  that  of  the  Father's,  over  the  Children  {b),  Jnd  if 
this  one  Thing,  lays  he,  (c)  had  been  but  well  conftdered,  it  had  ended 
all  the  Difpute  about  Fatherly  Authority.  Let  us  theti  ferioudy  con- 
.fider  this  new  Invention  ot  his,  and  connpare  it  with  the  Scripture- 
account  of  the  Origination  of  Mankind  and  the  Paternal  Power, 

GOD  at  firft  created  but  one  Man,  and  did  not  create  the  Wo- 
man at  the  fame  Time,  but  made  her  afterwards  out  of  the  Man. 
which  fliowed  her  Dependency  upon  him:    And  fhe  was  made  for 
his  Ufc,  as  an  Help  meet  for  him.     And  thus  the  Apoftle  argues  the 
Authority  of  the  Man  over  the  Woman,    from  his  bein^  firft  crea- 
ted (d)y  Suffer  not  a  looman  to  teach,   or  to  ufurp  authority  over  the 
man,  but  to  be  in  filence  ;  for  Adam  was  firft  formed,  then  E've.   And 
we  find,  That  God  gave  his  pofitive  Command,  and  Inftitution  o£ 
Government  betwixt  Adam  and  Eve,   before  there  were  any  other 
of  Mankind  in  the  World  ;  faying  to  Eve,   (e)  Thy  dejtreftjall  be  to 
thy  husband,  and  he  fhall  rule  over  thee  :   or,  art  under  obedience,  as 
the  Apollle  words  it  {f).     So  that  it  cannot  be  fuppofcd,    that  her 
PovVet  is  equal  to  his  over  their  Children  :    'Tis  true,    the  Mother 
has  a  Power  over  the  Children,    but  the  fupreme  Power  is  only  in 
the  Father,    for  he  commands  both  Mother  and  Children.     Be- 
fides,  as  a  learned  and  excellent  Perfon  of  this  Age  has  obfcrv'd  (^), 
This  of  the  Mother's  Power  is  no  more  an  Obje(^ion,  than  where 
inferior  Governors  are  joined  with  the  Supreme;    as  that  of  St.  Ve- 
ter  (h),  Submit  jour  fetves  — ,  whether  to  the  king,  as  fupreme ,    or 
unto  govlrnors,  as  unto  them' that  are  fent  by  him.     Now  it  cannot 
be  faid,    that  by  this  there  is  no  Supremacy  given  to  the  King  bc- 
caufe  other  Governors  are  joined  with  him  in  the  fame  Command 
of  Obedience.    And  as  much,  and  no  more,  does  the  Mother's  be- 
ing joined  with  the  Father  in  the  5th  Command,  take  away  the  Su- 
premacy of  the  Father :  Which  we  are  next  to  examine  as  the  Ori- 
ginal of  all  Government. 

*Tis  very  plain  from  the  facred  Scriptures,  That  the  Government 
of  the  World,  from  the  Creation  to  the  Flood,  was  Patriarchal, 
Regal,  or  Fatherly  Government,  for  they  are  all  fynonymous 
Terms ;  for  the  Word  Patriarch  fignifies  the  Chief,  or  Governor 
of  the  Country,  and  is  equivalent  with  that  of  King  or  Emperor. 
And  accordingly  we  find  King  David,  in  the  New  Teflament,  fti- 
led  Patriarch.  In  the  Jth  Chapter  of  Genefis  we  have  a  Lift  of 
thefe  Patriarchs  from  Adam  to  Noah ;    the  Firft-born  being  only 

named 


(«)  Lock,  Book  ».  Chip.  6.     (*)  f'V  »?«•     (0  I  Tim.  ii.  It,  IJ.     (<<)  Cea.  iii.  !<•      (•)  I  C»i.  «ir.  J4.      (/)  Mt.; 
Uflj't  SLthe.if»l,  No.  jj.     «)  iPct-li.  «J. 


Vol.  hi  one  of  the  Senators  of  Botdiiers 


49? 


named  there,  all  the  reft  being  part  over  under  the  general  Nauic 
or  Sons  and  Daughters. 

About  TOO  Years  after  the  Flood,    when  Men  were  multiplied, 
God  defigncd  to  fcparatc  them  into  divers  Colonies,  and  lo  to  peo- 
ple the  tarth  with  them;    but  a  great  many  of  them  did  o.it|,er  to- 
gether,   with  an  Intention  not  to  feparate,    and  for  that'  tod,   to 
build  a  great  City,  ^nda  mighty  hi<;h  Tower,  to  fecuie  rhcm(dves 
againft  another  Deluge:  But  God  deleat  this  DeHgn  of  theirs  and 
did  fcattcr  them  abroad  upon  the  Face  of  all  the  Earth  :  Buc  Baby- 
lon lell  to  the  Share  ol  Ntmrod,  and  this  was  the  Btr'inning  ot  his 
Kingdom.     And  from  him,    who  is  called  Bclus  in   propliane  Hi- 
ftories,  through  the  ^ffyrun,  Perfan,  Grecianknd  i?ow(j«  Monar- 
chies; and  from  the  Divifion  o(  the  Rowan  Monarchy  into  tiic  Eaft- 
ern  and  Wellern  Empires,  we  have  the  Names  of  all  the  Kino,  and 
their  SuccefTors  to  this  prefentTime.     And  here  our  Autliorlh  )ws, 
how  that  fomc  Kingdoms  have  been  obtained  by  Conqueft,  others, 
by  Teftaments  and  Legacies,   and  others,  from  the  Abules  ol  the 
Populace.      Thus  ^Arijlotle  (a)  fays,    Tliat  the    Government  of 
Kings  had  its  Rife  trom  the  Tyranny,    and  not  the  Choice  of  the 
People,  who  never  could  endure  Pcrfons  of  eminent  Merit;  like  the 
Ephefians,    who  haniflied  their  Prince  Hermodoms,  becaufe  he  had 
more  Religion,  Prudence  and  Knowledge,  than  any  of  hisSubjecfs. 
And  therefore  the  fame  d^ifiotle,  in  another  Place,  defines  the  Re- 
gal Power  to  be,    Tntelam  pr^fantiurn  'uirorum,   ad'verfus  indomi- 
natA  mf4ltitHdtnis  injdlentiam  :  The  Protedtrtg  of  good  and  'vertuous 
Meriy  againfi  the  unbridled  Infolence  of  the  People.      And  from  the 
fiift  Forming  of  the  Grecian  Commonwealths,  which  had  their  Rife 
from  their  Rebellions  aeainfl:   their  lawful  Princes,    we  fhall  find 
more  Cruelties,    Bloodfhcd  and  Murders,    than  ever  was  in  the 
World  before  them  ;    for  when  they  rebelled  againft  their  Princes, 
and  alfumed  the  Power  to  thcmfelves,  they  roli'd  about  trom  one 
Revolution  to  another,   till  they  funk  themfelves,    and  perifhed  in 
Oceans  of  Blood.     Our  Audior  proves  God  to  be  the  Author  of 
Monarchical  Hereditary  Government,  from  the  ancienteft  Govern- 
ments in  the  World,  which  were  all  Monarchies,    and  none  older 
than  that  of  our  owiS  Country  ;  and  from  the  univerfal  Impreffion 
upon  Mankind,    of  the  eldeft  Son's  Right  to  his  Father's  Inheri- 
tance. 

In  the  8th  Chapter,  our  Author  returns  to  'Buchanan's  Compa- 
fifon  betwixt  a  King  and  a  Phyfician,  which  he  fhows  to  be  very 
different ;  for  the  uck  Perfon  may  call  and  choofc  what  Phyfician 
he  plcafes,  but  to  People  born  under  an  Hereditary  Monarciiy, 
fuch  as  ours  is,  no  fijch  Choice  can  be  allowed.  A  ficlc  Perfon, 
without  any  probable  Reafon,  may  difchafge  his  Phyfician;  bu; 
])y  our  Con(ticution,  the  People  can  upon  no  Pretence  whatfo'me- 
y(ir,difcharge  their  King;  in  the  choofing  of  whom  they  have  hd 
Hand,  jt  being  theirs  by  their  Birthright.     But  granting  (fays  our 

I  i  1  i  i  i  Au- 


I  ih,  f.  fulii.  Cip.  to. 


494  T^tf  Z.//«o/ ADAM  BLACKWOOD,  Vol.  111. 

Author)  that  Kings  were  at  firfl  made  choice  of  by  the  People,  and 
called  as  a  Phvfician  to  them:  As  the  Patient's  Death  is  not  to  be 
imputed  to  the  Phyfician,  fays  Vlpian  (a%  neither  dors  his  Igno- 
rance proted  liimj  for  by  the  Lex  yfquilidy  even  tho'  he  has  no 
bad  Dclign,  tho'  he  be  ddigcnt  in  the  profccuting  of  his  Cure,  a< 
he  thinks,  yet  if  he  be  found  an  Ignorant,  lie  is  guilry  by  the  Law; 
(/»)  Yea  even  tho'  he  performs  an  Operation  according  to  all  the 
Rules  of  Art,  yet  if  he  proleciues  not  the  Cure,  heis  condemned 
by  the  Law  :  But  (fays  he)  who  is  the  Judge  in  this  Cafci"  Cer- 
tainly not  the  (iclc  Patient,  but  wife  experienc'd  Phyficinris :  So  no 
more  can  the  People,  by  this  Comparifon,  judge  of  their  Prince's 
Adions.  And  lallly,  our  Author  asks  BucfMniiin,  why  he  did  hot 
make  ufe  of  Plato\  other  Comparifons  about  a  King  (c)?  who  not 
only  compares  him  to  a  Phyfician,'  to  a  Maftcr  of  a'  Family,  to  a 
Captain  ofa,Sliip;  and  at  length  cBncludes,  That  a  well  regulated 
Monarchy  is  the  mofl  perfccl:  Pattern  of  tlie  Government  of  Men. 

In  the  9th  Chapter,  he  fhows  the  vafl:  Difference  that  is  betwikt 
Kin^s  and  Phyficians,  in  regard  that  Phyficians  are  tied  to  the  Rules 
that  Hippocrates  and  all  his  Succellors  have  laid  down,  from  con- 
ftant  Oblervations:  Whereas  a  King,  accoi^ding  to  the  vdriousGiri 
cumftances  of  the  People,  has  an  abfolutc  Power  of  altering  and 
abrouatini;  the  Laws  and  Conflitutions  of  the  Nation  over  which 
he  is\he  Head,  according  as  he  is  diicdfcd  by  the  Wifdom  of  his 
Counfellors;  according  to  that  of  the  Latin  VoeZy  Juven.Sat.  \t\. 
Nullum  Numen  .jbefiji  fit  prudeutia,  And  after  this  he  appeals 
to  the  ancient  Laws  of  the  Kingdom,  to  fhow  the  abfolutc  Monar- 
chy of  our  Scots  Kings. 

h\  the  loth  Chapter,  he  Ihovvs  the  Excellency  of  a  Monarchical 
Government  above  all  orher  Governments,  and  how  Mankind  were 
ait  firfl:  only  under  that  Government.  And  fince  Buchanan  feems 
to  rely  upon  Tlatds  Authority  in  favours  of  the  Populacy,  he  cites 
the  following  Words  of  Plato  againfl;  him,  in  his  3d  Book  de  Legi- 
bus^  Nihtl  porro  tarn  aptum  eft  ad  jus  conditionewque  nature  [quod 
cttrn  dice,  legem  a  me  diet  intelligi  'volo)  quam  hnperium  Imperio- 
rum  varia  genera  ftatuit,  ac  proinde  (ubcfitl  Omnes  antique  Gen- 
tes  Regihus  quondam  paruerunt ;  quod  genus  imperii  primum  ad  ho- 
mines juftifsimos  ^  japientifsi?nos  deferebatur,  deinde  etiam  deinceps 
pofterts  prodehatur,  quod  ^  in  iis  etiam  qui  nunc  regnant^  manet. 
^jubus  autem  Regia  Poteflas  non  placuft,  non  ii  nemim,  fed  nonjem- 
per  uni  parere  njoluerunt.  JSfos  autem^  quoniam  leges  damus  liberis  po- 
fulis,  qu/ique  de  optima  Republica  Jentiremus,  in  fex  Libris  antea  di- 
ximus  :  Jiccommodabimus  hoc  tempore  leges  ad  ilium  quem'probamui 
civitatis  ftatum.  a^agiftratibus  igitur  opus  eft,  fine  quorum  prU' 
dentia  ac  diligentia  ejfe  civitas  non  poteft,  quorumque  defcriptione  om~ 
nis  reipublic£  moderatio  continetur :  JSIeque  folum  iis  prsfcribendus 
eft  imperandiy  fed  etiam  civibus  obtemperandt  modus.  Buchanan  like- 
wise 

(a)  L.  lliiciui,  ^  Suuli  de  offic.  prifiJ.  Si  quii  ^.  (i.-)  L.  1-  8c  fc^.  D.  ad  Legem  Aquil.  D.  L.  iitm  Jun'i,  id  Le- 
^cm  A^uil.  C(^  In  I'ol.  Juris  gent.  §  5ed  cum  nulla  de  PaO.  L.  I.  ds  return  pecmiK.  fiJc  jufloi.  oblig.  dc  !'>•'• 
jufl,  L.  Stichum,  S  Naiuulitde  Suluc.  L.  Sinoxali  de  peccat. 


Vol.  III.  One  of  the  SenMus  of  I'o.ct.eiv 


^y? 


wife  makes  Ufe  of  Cicero's  Antliority  for  a  popular  GovcrnmeiK 
and  owning  that  the  People  firfl  made  Kings,  and  prefcribej  Laws 
to  them,  by  which  they  fhould  govern  tlieir  Subjcifts.  Now  Cicero  ' 
plainly  owns,  (/i)  that  all  the  ancient  Nations  in  the  World  wcie 
firfl  [governed  by  Monarchs,  and  that  they  had  no  other  Law  but 
the  Will  of  the  Monarch;  but  theSuccefTors  becoming  Tyrants,  tiic 
People  freed  thcmfelves  from  their  Yoke  (that  is  to  fay,  they  re- 
belled) and  made  Laws  by  wiiich  thev  were  to  be  governed,  and 
appointed  Magiftrats  over  them,  wlio  fliould  put  thefc  Laws  in 
Execution:  So  that  he  diftinguifhes  betwixt  the  Power  of  Kings, 
wiiich  is  in  Monarchies,  and  where  his  Will  is  the  Law,  and  the 
Power  of  the  Laws  which  is  in  Comon-wealchs,  and  by  which  their 
Magiftrats  are  obliged  to  govern.  And  ytriffotU  fays  {b'^  Tiiat  a 
King  is  a  living  Law  upon  Earth,  whofe  Power  cannot  be  rcfliai- 
ned  by  any  other  Law  than  that  of  his  own  Mind  :  And  the  fame 
^riflotle  having  acknowledged,  that  a  King  fliould  be  looked 
upon  as  a  God  amongft  Men,  fays,  that  it  is  necelFary  amonuft 
Equals  to  have  Laws,  but  over  Kings  there  can  be  no  Law,  they 
being  the  Law  themfelves ;  and  Fomponius  the  Lawyer  acknow- 
ledges, that  in  the  Beginning,  amongfl  the  Romans  (c)  the  King's  ab- 
iolute  power  was  the  fole  Law;  and  they  were  much  happier  when 
rjiey  were  under  this  Kingly  Government,  than  when  under  a  Com- 
mon-wealth, as  all  the  Nations  of  the  Earth  iiave  been,  as  well  as 
they  that  have  rejeded  the  Kingly  Government,  and  betaken  them- 
felves to  Common-wealths,  as  it  clearly  appears  from  their  Hifto- 
rians.  . 

In  the  nth.  Chapter  our  Author  takes  Buchanan  to  Task,  for  fub- 
jeding  our  Kings  'and  People  to  the  Roman  Laws,  which  is  a- 
gainfl  the  exprefs  Aifbs  of  Parliament ;  for  in  King  James  the  Fii  fl's 
Time,  in  the  Parliament  held  at  Perth,  it  is  flatuted  and  ordained, 
that  all  his  Majefty's  Subjeds  are  only  anfwerable  to  the  Laws  en- 
udted  by  him  and  his  PredecefTors ;  and  tlie  fame  is  again  confir- 
med, by  an  Ad  of  Parliament  in  King  /swathe  4th's  Time,  Chap. 
114;  and  this  is  not  peculiar  (fays  he)  to  the  Scots  only,  for  feve- 
ral  orher  Nations  have  done  it  as  well  as  they  :  Thus,  when  Philip 
the  Fair  inftituted  the  Parliament  of  Paris,  he  exempt  them 
from  the  Roman  Lz.\ys;  and  by  an  old  Decree  of  the  Parliament, 
the  Advocates  are  difcharged  from  citing  any  Roman  Law,  againfl 
the  Law  of  the  Nation ;  and  amongfl  the  Spaniards,  cither  to 
praifc  it  in  their  Civil  Judicatories,  or  to  teach  it  in  their  Schools^ 
is  punifhcd  with  Death ;  and  Alaricus  ordered,  that  any  who 
(hould  oppofe  the  J?o;wdn  Law,  to  the  Laws  which  he  ha^  eflab- 
Iifhed  amongfl  his  Goths,  fhould  be  put  to  Deatii;  'Tis  true,  that 
neither  the  Scots  nor  any  of  thefe  Nations  abfolutely  difcharged 
tlic  making AJfe  of  the  Roman  Laws;  on  the  contrary,  our  Law  al- 
lowb  them  in  all  Cafes  where  our  own  Laws  are  deficient,  and  to 

I  i  i  i  i  i  I  fup- 

(»)  Ci.civ,  it  Irplbui,  Lib.  ido.  defXBc.  •  (».)  K^AmU  bjfi,  iluU  KiV  K^  ^'f^  Uw  omb  Euih.  Uk  1.  mU~ 
f  (Kobibiium  (jt)  4*  fti.  Uc«  MMb«ni,  4c  cvnluL  f .  r**>  ^  <  -  -r  —•     —  ]•  r«a«i 


! 


49<5  The  Life  of  A  D  A  M  B  L  A  C  K  W  O  O  D,  Vol.  III. 

fupport  and  enforce  the  Reafon  of  our  own  Lawsj  and  fince  tlic 
Roni^n  Tcople,  ever  fincc  they  were  (ubjedt  to  their  CAJnrSj 
have  adfcd  m  a  private  Capacity,  in  Obedience  not  only  to  their 
Lau'S,  but  their  LiilU,  much  more  ouglu  we  (fays  he^  to  be  fub- 
jcct  to  our  Kings,  over  whom  we  never  pretended  to  Have  the 
call  Authority. 

Biickwan,  to  prove  the  People  to  be  the  fir(\  Authors  of  the 
Laws,  fays,  That  as  in  every  Country  there  is  a  Variety  ot  Lan- 
guaj^es,  or  diflcrent  Idioms,  (o  there  ;s  Variety  ot  Laws;  But  if 
the  I'lince  had  been  the  riift  fountain  of  tlic  L^wSy  then  tliere  had 
been  no  Ditference  of  the  Laws  jii  one  Place  from  thofe  of  another 
in  the  lame  Country;  and  fmce  this  Variety  of  Laws  is  tolerated 
under  Princes,  'tis  plain  that  the  People  made  thefc  Laws  for  gover- 
ning themltlves,  which  the  Prince  has  no  Power  to  alter.  To  this 
our  Author  anfuers,  in  his  nth  Chapter,  by  diftinguifhing  betwixc 
the  Nature  of  Divine  and  Humane  Laws;  for  the  Divine  Laws  are 
conftanc,  perpetual  and  unalterable,  but  all  Humane  Laws  are  va- 
riable, and  iubjcct  to  many  Alterations,  according  to  the  various 
Viciflitudcs  ill  Humane  Affliirs ;  and  therefore  God  appointed 
Kings,  as  his  Vicegerents,  over  the  People,  that  they  might  accom- 
modate their  Laws  according  to  the  Neceffiiies  of  the  Times;  for, 
as  the  Poet  fays, 

Hxc  At  as  tiliam  vitcim,    alios  n.ores  fojlulat. 

And  hence  it  is  that  fevcral  old  Laws  are  in  Defuetude  and  abro- 
gated, and  according  to  the  Circumllances  of  the  Times,  new  ones 
put  in  their  Place,  Now  1  call  a  Law  ( fay  he)  the  Pleafure  and 
Will  of  a  Prince  who  has  an  undoubted  Right,  to  which  not  only 
all  Cities,  Societies  and  Incorporations,  but  likcwife  the  publick 
Laws  themfelvcs  are  fubjeded ;  for  as  to  what  concerns  the  Go- 
vernment of  the  different  Cities  of  a  Kingdom,  they  acfl  only  in  a 
private  Capacity  ;  whereas  the  Prince  or  King  aifts  as  the  Reprelen- 
tative  of  all  the  People,  upon  which  they  can  never  impofe  any 
Law  but  what  he  approves  of;  and  whatever  Privileges  they  have,  it 
is  rather  by  way  of  Pacftion  than  Law ;  fuch  as  we  fee  granted  to 
Communities,  to  whom  a  Privilege  is  granted  to  govern  them/elves 
by  fuch  Laws  as  they  think  fit:  But  private  Patflions  are  never  dero- 
gatory to  the  public  Laws,  and  therefore  all  Cities,  Colleges,  Incor- 
porations, and  in  a  Word,  all  the  Laws  made  by  the  People,  require 
the  Authority  of  the  Prince  to  make  them  ftanding  and  obligatory ; 
becaufc  they  often  go  beyond  the  Bounds  of  Pactions,  and  encroach 
upon  the  LegiOative  Power.  And  'tis  a  Contradidfion  in  it  felf  to 
affirm,  that  the  Supreme  Power  fhould  be  in  one  Hand,  and  the 
Coercive,  in  another.  And  flnce  this  cannot  be,  a  King  mull  be 
free,  not  only  from  the  Laws  of  others,  but  from  his  own,  for  he 
cannot  bind  himfelf  further  than  he  has  a  mind  to.  And  as  the 
Lawyers  fay.  No  Ohltgation  can  confifi  vo'tth  a  Promije  that  is  only 
founded  upon  the  Will  of  the  Promt jer.     And  fincc  he  cannot  be  bound 

b/ 


Vol.111.  one  of  the  Senators  of  Potdiers.  497 

,  I   1  >        I 

bv  liis  own  Laws,  tar  lc(s  by  the  Laws  of  oclicrs.  And  we  daily 
kc  Princes  confirming  the  Laws  ol  their  PredecclFors,  without  which 
they  would  have  no  Authority.  And  Titus  Fefpjfi,w,  whom  J«f- 
toniiis  calls  The  T)elight  of  Mankind,  by  one  Ldidt  confirmed  all 
thcfc  ot  the  prcceeding  Emperors. 

In  the  13th  Chapter  our  Author  fhews,  by  abundance  ot  Quo- 
tations From  the  Civil  Law,  that  tiie  Supreme  Power  is  lodged  in 
the  Kui",  and  not  in  tlie  People,  and  confequcntly  the  Legiflative 
Tower,  for  {fays  he)  was  it  ever  known,  SiS  Buchanan  2L[hns^  either 
t'rom  our  own  1  hftoncs  or  the  Hiflories  of  other  Monarchies,  that 
the  People  led  out  Armies,  conferred  Honours,  punirtied  Crimi- 
nals, coined  Moncv,  entred  into  Leagues  with  their  Neighbouring 
Torcntates,  or  had' the  Power  ot"  Pcaee  and  War  in  them?  No,  all 
thefc  belon"  to  the  Prince,  and  are  the  very  Sum  and  Subftance  of 
the  Laws  J  ^and  confequcntly,  in  all  Monarchies  the  Legiflative 
Tower  mufl  be  lodged  in  the  King. 

In  tile  14th  Chapter,  our  Author  fliows  that  nothing  can  be  faid 
more  cndiculous  than  \v\uz  Buchanan  fays  about  the  interpreting  the 
Laws.  When  the  Lawsfeem  to  contradi(ft  one  another,  {[ays  he)  then 
the  Judges,  and  thofe  that  are  well  feen  in  the  Laws,    mufl  interpret 
them.    ^Here  he  takes  the  Tower  from  the  King,  and  gives  it  thofe 
of  an  inferior  Rank,  and  from  his  beloved  People,  to  the  Judges; 
not  knowing  that  the  Interpretation  of  a  Law  hath  the  Force  and 
Strcn2,th  of  a  Law,    and  that  the  Judge  is  only  the  Interpreter  of 
his  own  Sentence.      Since  then  'Buchanan  acknowledges,    that  the 
Teoplc  has  not  the  Tower  of  interpreting  the  Laws,    they  cannot 
be  the  Le"iflators  ,  for  he  who  makes  the  Law,  has  the  fole  Pow- 
er of  interpreting  the  Law.     And  fince  in  all  Monarchies,  neither 
the  Teople  nor  the  Senate  have  the  Towef  of  making  or  interpret- 
ing of  Laws,  but  when  they  have  the  Royal  Sandion,  'tis  plain  that 
the  fole  Legiflative  Tower  is  lodged  in  the  King.      Then  our  Au- 
thor proceeds  to  examine  Buchanans  Argument,  from  the  Tower 
that  Topes  have  over  Kings,   in  excommunicating  them,    in  abfol- 
ving  their  Sub)e<fls  from   their  Allegiance,   and  transferring  their 
Kingdoms  to  others;  which  can  have  no  Force  amongfl  Troteflant 
Prinzes,  and  has  as  little  among  Catholic  Trinces,  who  are  not  bound 
by  their  Faith  to  believe   that  they   have  fuch   a  Tower,  or  ever 
oianted  them  fuch  a  Tower ;  altho'  indeed  (fays  our  Author)  'twere 
more  rcafonable  to  grant  this  Tower  to  the  Tricfthood  than  to  the 
Teople.     Then  as  to  Buchanans  bitter  Invectives  againft  the  Topes, 
he  appeals  to  the  whole  Wotld,    if  ever  fo   much  Mifchief  was 
done  to  Chriflcndom  by  the  Tapacyj  fince  St.  Pf>fr's  Time,  as  had 
been  done  by  the  Cahinip,  fince  Ckihms  Time ;    whofe  Follow- 
ers have  always  been  ({ays  he)  a  bloody,  cruel,  inhumane  and  re- 
bellious Race  of  Teople ; 

Contewptrix  SHpert*m,  fAVio[ue  a't>idi[sim4  c^dis.- 

K  k  k  k  k  k  Oui 


498  T^f  L//f  o/"  A  D  A  M  B  L  A  C  K  W  O  O  n,  Vol.  III. 

Our  Author  in  the  15  Cliaptcr  takes  Buchanan  to  Tasic,  for  ap- 
plying to  the  licentious   Lives  of  the  Pope's,    the  Paffagc  of  Sr. 
PauC  ^  Sifljop  ought  to  he  the  Husband  oj  one   Wife,     which   he 
fhows  that  (ome  ot  the  ancient  Fatlicrs  have  undcrflood,  in  a  Me- 
taphorical Senfe,  as  if  the  Apoftleonly  meant  here,  that  a  liilhop 
ou"ht  only  to  have  no  other  Wife  but  his  Church,  and  this  was  Ca- 
lixtus  Interpretation  of  it,  who  lived  near  the  Time  ot.the  Aportlcs, 
and  fealed  the  Faith  of  Chnfl:  with  his  Blood,    as  likcwifc  of  Sr. 
^mhrofe  which  many   liavc  approved  of,    tho'  others  have  iinder- 
ftood  It  as  dilchargmg  Iccond  Marriages  in  Clergy  Men,    it  being 
noways  agreeable  "to  that  Continency  wliich  Clergy  Men  ought  to 
have,  and  which  A4r.  Krwx,  fays  our  Author,  nor  none  of  Bucha- 
nans' Reformers  ever  obfervcd,    the  moft  of  them  havinc;  been  fo 
fcandaloufly  incontinent,  that  tliey  have  been  married  four  or  five 

Times. 

In  the  16  Chapter  our  Author  firft  refutes  Buchanans  Afferti- 
on,  that  unlcfs  a  King  be  chofen  by  the  Suffrages  of  the  People,  he 
cannot  be  a  lawful  King,  as  if  all  Power  acquired  by  Force  of 
Arms  were  unlawful,  tho  he  himfclf  acknowledges  the  Lawfulnefs 
of  the  Rom.rn  1-mpire,  rho'  it  was  acquired  by  meet  Force  of  Arms, 
and  all  Servitudes,  Manumifllons  and  Captivities,  are  regulated 
by  the  Laws,  nnd  eflcemed  lawful  amongfl  all  Nations:  Tlien  he 
fhows  how  Biiihanan  \y\s  confounded  the  Regal  Power  of  Scotland 
with  that  ol  the  Oul-cs  of  Fcnice,  the  Kings  of  the  Lacedemonians^ 
and  tile  Confiils  of  I\o?Me,  in  all  which  Governments,  as  he  fhows 
from  the  Records  of  their  Nations,  that  they  had  nothing  of  the 
Regal  Power.  And  lafUy,  he  fhows  the  Falfenefs  of  Buchanan's 
reafoning,  when  he  aflerts,  that  a  King's  calling  for  the  Advice  of 
his  Councellors,  when  he  is  going  to  impofe  Laws,  fhows  that  he 
has  no  ablblute  Authority  over  them,  and  in  all  Criminal  Cafes 
he  has  no  Power,  but  the  Judges,  who  pafs  Sentence  upon  the 
Criminals,  after  a  legal  Probation;  If  fays  our  Author  one  of  Bu- 
chanans Scholars  in  St.  Leonard's  College  fhould  argue  thus,  he 
deferved  to  be  whipt;  For  how  ridiculous  is  it  to  fay,  a  King  by 
the  Advice  of  his  wife  Counfellors  enadts  a  Law,  and  gives  his 
Royal  San(ftion  to  it  ?  therefore  he  has  no  Power  in  making  that 
Law,  or  giving  the  Sandfion  to  it,  he  permits  the  Judges  to  pafs 
Sentence  in  all  criminal  Cafes,  therefore  he  divcfts  himfelf  of  all 
Authority.  Here  our  Author  wifhes  heartily,  that  before  fo  great 
and  fo  learned  a  Man  as  Buchanan  had  wrote  upon  a  Subjedt  of 
this  Nature,  he  had  fludied  the  Laws,  of  which  he  is  not  only  ig- 
norant, but  likewife  of  the  very  Nature  and  Conflitution  of  all  hu- 
mane Societies,  when  he  afTerts,  that  a  good  King  fhould  be  noc 
only  inexorable,  and  a  good  Law  never  altered,  which  is  repug- 
nant to  Reafon,  and  the  common  Good  of  Mankind ;  for  as  the 
Lawyers  fay,  Sumnmm  jus  cfi  fumma  injuria,  and  a  good  King  muft 
not  always  ftand  by  the  flri<5l  Letter  of  the  Law,  but  according  to 
the  Circuniflances   of  Times,    Perfons  and  Places,    confider  the 

Equity 


Vol.  II  f .  One  of  the  Senators  of  PoiCtiers.  4,99 

Equity  of  the  Thing,  and  not  what  the  Law  ftridlly  requires,  and 
therefore  tlie  Romans  had  a  honourary  Magiftrat  appointed  for 
that  Purpofc ;  and  fays  our  Author,  If  Laws  cannot  be  fupplied, 
altered,  corrected  or  changed,  it  was  in  vain,  for  Buchanan  to 
write  cither  of  the  Power  of  the  People,  King  or  Laws,  for  we 
fhould  have  been  eternally  tied  up,  ro  live  according  to  the  Laws 
and  Cuftoms  of  our  PredccefTors. 

In  the  17  Chapter  our  Author  fhows,  how  vaftly  Buchanan  is 
miftaken,  in  his  Notions  concerning  a  Tyrant  and  a  King:  For  a 
Tyrant,  fays  he,  according  to  the  Etymology  of  the  Word,  is 
fo  called,  becaufe  in  ancient  Times  they  lived  in  Towers  and  fen- 
ced Places,  they  being  fucii  worthy  Perfons  in  popular  Govern- 
ments, as  defended  thcmfelves,  by  the  AlUftance  of  their  Friends, 
a^ainft  the  Infults  of  the  Populacy,  and  by  that  Means  brought 
them  to  a  more  regular  Government,  as  being  nearer  to  that  of 
a  Monarchy;  and  accordingly  we  find  the  firft  Tyrants  were  the 
wifefl:  and  bcfl  Men  among  the  Antients.  Thus  Pittacus  and  Pe- 
riander,  were  both  of  them  reckoned  amongfl  the  fevcn  wife  Men 
of  Greece.,  and  the  one  was  Tyrant  of  Mytelene,  and  the  other  of 
Corinth,  and  Dionyfius  Tyrant  of  Syracufe,  was  one  of  the  greareft 
Men  of  the  Age,  none  (howing  more  Moderation,  Juftice  and 
Equity  in  his  Government  than  he  did  j  neither  were  they  a(ha- 
med  of  the  Title  given  them,  for  Plato,  in  his  Letters  to  Dionyfius 
Tyrant  of  Syracufe,  gives  him  that  CompcUation,  and  he  aflumesic 
to  himfelf,  in  his  Returns  to  Plato;  (o  tiiat  when  Buchanan  fays, 
that  the  only  Diftincftion  betwixt  a  Tyrant  and  a  King  was,  that  a 
Kino's  Government  was  mild,  according  to  the  Laws,  whereas  a 
Tyrant  was  above,  and  contrary  to  the  Laws,  he  contradidls  all  an- 
cient Hillories,  as  witnefs  feveral  of  the  Sicilian  Tyrants,  who  reig- 
ned very  mildly  and  wifely ;  but  when  their  Succeffors  oppreffed 
their  Subjecfbs,  and  became  licentious  in  their  Ways  and  Anions, 
then  the  name  of  Tyrant,  which  was  a  Title  of  Honour,  Virtue 
and  Refped,  became  odious  to  the  People,  and  the  bad  Kings 
who  imitated  them  were  called  Tyrants,  for  the  Kingly  Govern- 
ment, as  we  have  laid,  was  long  before  this  Government  was  ever 
To  much  as  known  in  the  World ;  but,  fays  Buchanan,  thofe  who 
become  Tyrants,  ought  to  be  looked  upon  as  a  Species  of  Animals, 
diftindt  from  Mankind,  like  thofe  Boars  and  Wolves  that  infeft  a 
Country,  which  not  only  the  whole  Body  of  the  People,  but  every 
individual  Man  has  the  Liberty  to  fhoot  and  kill,  and  not  only 
them,  but  their  Cubs  likewife.  This,  fays  our  Author,  is  the  de- 
ftroying  of  all  Government,  yea,  even  the  popular  Government 
it  (elf,  where  tiie  principal  Law  was,  Privilegia  ne  irroganto  de  ca- 
pite,  civis  nifi  per  maximum  comitiatum  olofque,  quos  cen fo- 
res in  partihus  populilocafjent  ne  ferunto;  but  'tis  plain,  that  Bucha- 
nan\  Meaning  iiere  is,  that  every  one  had  Liberty  to  kill  the 
Queen,  whom  he  calls  a  Tyrant,  and  the  Royal  Infant  her  Son; 
and  then  he  aiks  Buchanan,  whether  fhe  or  they  a(5bedmoft  likeTy- 


joo  T/;f  L//f  o/"  ADAM  BLACKWOOD,  Vol.  III. 

rant's,    in  the  whole  Courfc  ot  their  Adtions,  Irom  the  Bc^inninc; 
of  her  Rei^n  : 

Clmrum  (fays  he)  miirms  wem'mi^e  horrit,  luSluque  refugit. 

In  the  i8ch  Chiipccr,  our  Autlior  examines  what  Buchanan  fays 
of  the  Lex  Kcoi.h  hy  which,  us  the  Lawyers  aflirm,  the  whole  Vow- 
ex  o(  the  i'eopic  is  lo  translerrcd  to  their  Trinccs,  that  whatever  the 
Prince  plcales  ha?,  the  Strength  and  Force  ot  a  Law  ;  Co  that  what- 
fbever  (lavs  l/lj^uni)  (<;)  the  Linperor  orders,  cither  by  a  Letter  or 
Siibfcription,  oi  Lnowin^lv  decrees,  or  plainly  pronounces  or  com- 
mands by  .ill  1  ihcl,  is  .1  Lavi'.  And  this  Law,  (fays  Livj)  was 
Jrom  theVciy  fiitl  Four.dauoii  of  tlic  City.  And  here  our  Author 
oblerycs,  Tlia:  il'  Biich.vj^n  had  known  any  thing  about  the  Con- 
ftitution  or  Guveinir.Ciic  of  his  own  Country,  ot  which  he  pretends 
to  write,  lie  nii'j,ht  haye  (avcd  himlelt  a  deal  ot  necdicis  Trou- 
ble that  he  has  put  iumfelt  to,  by  denying  that  ever  the  Scots  were 
iiibiccT:  to  the  Tvow.wLaws:  But  in  ftead  ot  this,  he  goes  about  to 
dellroy  the  Force  ot  this  Law,  by  a  great  many  Shifts,  in  which  he 
fhows  himlelr  entiicly  ignorant  in  the  Lawsj  and  at  length  tails  foul 
upon  Jupf/iitn,  lor  having  inferred  it  among  his  Laws,  and  accu- 
les  him  ot  his  Ingratitude  to  ^.f/z/ivrnj.  But  our  Author  fays,  that 
he  wondeis  tluu  he  did  not  accute  him  ot  Popery  and  JdoJarry, 
fi.jce  tlie  Roh.'il!;  1  auii  is  cllabliihed  bv  his  Laws. 

In  the  liy'th  Cnapter  our  Author  examines  Buchanans  AfTertion, 
That  Irom  Fergus  \'s  Tin.t  till  Kenneth  111.  a//  our  Kings  ivere  cho- 
I'lft  /'v  the  Si'.JJruToes  of  the  People,  zcho  had  likewise  the  lower  of  De- 
tojing  thcni  when  thcj  triinjgrejjed  the  Lnivs-  This  (fays  he)  is  not 
onlv  contrary  to  all  our  Hiltories,  but  even  to  his  own,  for  all  the 
People  (wore  inviolable  Allegiance  to  King  Fergus  I.  and  his  Suc- 
cetlbrs;  but  he  dying,  and  leaving  only  two  Children  behind  him, 
who,  by  reafon  of  their  Nonage,  were  not  capable  of  the  Govern- 
ment: Whereupon  Feritharis  their  Uncle  took  the  Government 
upon  him,  and  made  a  Law,  That  whiUf  the  Children  of  their 
Kings  were  Inlants,  one  of  their  Kindred,  who  was  judged  moft 
accomplithcd  for  the  Government,  fhould  fway  the  Sceptre  in  their 
Behalf;  and  if  he  died,  then  the  SuccetTlon  of  the  Kingdom  fhould 
detcend  to  the  former  King's  Sons.  And  this  laft  Law,  which  coft 
the  Nation  fb  much  Blood,  as  it  appears  from  our  Hiftories,  is 
what  Buchanan  would  make  the  firft  Conflitution  of  our  Govern- 
ment ;  whereas  the  firft  Law  was  the  Lex  Regia  amongft  us ;  and 
the  other,  a  laf\ing  Foundadon  for  Ufurpations,  Civil  Wars  and 
Murders,  till  that  wife  and  valiant  Prince  King  Kenneth  III.  abro- 
gated it.  And  the  Roman  Popular  Government,  which  'Buchanan 
leems  ftill  to  have  had  his  Eye  upon,  from  their  firft  flraking  off  rhe 
Monarchical  Government,  till  their  embracing  it  again  under  v/«- 
gujlus,    they  were  in  conftant  Confufions ;    in  fo  much,  as  I  have 

ob- 

Co)  De  condil,  I'nnc.  Lib.  i,  C.  de  Ongmc  Juris, 


Vol  -III.  o«f  of  the  Senators  of  Poi£tiefs.  5QI 

obferved  in.  tlie  II  Volume  of  this  Work,  that  within  the  Space  of 
134  Years,  they  had  37  Changes  of  Government.  Bcfides  (fays 
our  Autliorj  granting,  which  is  abfolutely  falfe,  that  King  Kenneth 
fhould  have  altered  the  Monarchy  from  being  Eledive  to  be  He* 
reditary;  yet  when  the  Englifi  conquered  Scotland,  Robert  Bruce 
drove  them  out  of  it,  and  conquered  them  a-new  again:  So  that 
lie  did  not  owe  his  Right  to  the  Suffrages  of  the  People;  nor  can 
any  of  his  Defcendants  liave  any  other  Right  but  what  they  derive 
from  him,,  and  confcquently,  are  Abfolute  Monarchs. 

In  the  zoth  Chapter,  our  Author  examines  what  Buchanan  fays 
concerning  King /(>«wf//7's  Hereditary  Right:  Tiiis  (fays  he)  was  ei- 
ther obtained  by  Force  of  Arms,  or  by  a  fraudulent  Pa(5lion  with 
the  People'  If  by  Force  of  Arms,  then  the  People  have  Reafon  ta 
(hake  off  the  Yoke  whenever  it  is  in  their  Power,  for  the  Law  of 
Self-defence  is  a  known  Law  of  Nature;  if  by  a  fraudulent  Pacftion 
and  Circumvention,  then  they  ought  to  be  reftored  to  their  for- 
mer Liberties ;  for  if  Tutors  are  anfwerable  by  Law,  for  whatever 
they  do  in  Prejudice  of  Minors,  much  more  Kings  are  anfwerable 
for  what  they  do  againfl  tiie  People  who  made  them.  To  this  our 
Author  aniwers,  That  'tis  very  ti:ue  that  the  Law  of  Self-defence  is 
a  Law  of  Nature;  but  'tis  likewife  true,  that  we  are  all  born  in  Ser- 
vitude, and  to  be  (ubfervient  to  one  another;  for  tho'  it  be  natu- 
ral for  the  Bruce  Beafts  to  defend  themfelves  from  the  Injuries  they 
receive  from  one  another,  yet  this  brutal  Way  of  a(5bing,  amongft 
Men,  would  dellroy  all  Society.  The  Notions  of  Right  and  Wrong 
do  not  belong,  to  Beafls,  and  there  can  be  no  Right  where  there  is 
no  Communion  ;  and,  what  natural  Communion  can  be  betwixt  us 
and  the  Brute  Be^fls  ?  The  Principles  of  all  humane  Society  are 
Reafon  and  Speech,  which  they  have  not :  Becaufe  it  is  natural  to 
the  Brute  Bealls  to  lie  promifcuoufly  together,  is  the  fame  to  be 
effeemed  a  Law  of  Nature  amongfl  Men  ?  Becaufe  the  wild  Beafls 
refift  the  Hunters  by  the  Law  of  Self-defence,  therefor  are  the  Peo- 
ple to  lefifl  the  Magiflrats  when  they  arc  putting  the  Laws  in  Exe- 
cution, yea  even  unjuflly  i*  Becaufe  Beafts  naturally  eat,  drink  and 
fleep  at  pleafure,  therefor,  fhall  the  fame  Right  of  Nature  be  a  LaW 
amongft  Mankind  ?  No  furely,  for  thefe  Things  arc  no  wavs  agree- 
able to  humane  Society,  and  far  lefs  to  the  Divine  Law  or  the  Go- 
fpel,  where' we  are  commanded  to  forgive  Injuries,  and  to  be  fub- 
midive  to.  the  Superior  Powers.  Befides  that  we  find,  by  the  Laws, 
That  a  few  Years  Poffcffion  gives  a  Right,  even  to  that  which  has 
been  acquired  by  Force.  And  Cajjioaorus  calls  T^mdofius  the  El- 
der's Law  of  Prcfcription  after  30  Years,  the  Prote(5lion  of  all  hu- 
mane Society,  So  (fays  our  Author)  granting  that  Y<\n2,  Ktnneth 
had  by  mere  Force  got  the  Government  hereditably  fettled  in  his 
Family,  yet  now  to  challenge  it,  is  againft  all  Law,  it  being  prefcri- 
bed;  and  in  ftead  of  being  a  Repelling  of  Force  by  Force,  'twould 
be  a  Repelling  of  Right  by  Wrong.  Then  as  to  the  other  Part  oi 
'Buchanans  Afgument,  of  KinglCenneth's  fraudulent  Circumveening 

LI  1 1 1 1  of 


^01  The  Life  of  A  D  h  M  B  L  AC  KV^  O  O  I),  Vol  HI, 

of  tlic  People  J  our  Author  asks  Buchanan,  Who  /hall  be  Judge  ir> 
this  Affair  r     It  cannot  be  the  People,  for  the  Lawi  permit  not  the 
fame  Pcrfon  to  be  both  Judge  and  Party :    And  the  King,  for  th© 
fame  Reafon,  cannot  belt;  therefore  none  but  Cod  can  be  Judge, 
who  is  only  Superior  to  the  Kin^.     Then  as  to  the  Claim  of  the 
People's  Right  ;  )t  prcfcribes  in  a  Tew  Years ;    for  by  the  old  Laws 
it  was  in  Four  Years,  and  by  Con[lantines  Laws,    in  Five  at  fartheft. 
How  then  can  they  claim  Rcllitution   from  King  Kenneth,    after 
more  than  fix  hundred  Years  that  he  and  his  Succcflors  have  been 
in  Pollcnion  of  the  Kingdom.     But  granting  that  they  came  to  this 
by  a  fraudulent  Padtion  with  the  People;    yet,  as  the  Lawyers  fay, 
Piefirripciori  has  a  greater  Power     and  Authority    tlian    Padlion  j 
for  a  Rijiht  to  a  Land  cannot  be  acquired  by  Pacff ion,  but  by  Timo 
it  may.     The  Right  of  a  Feu  can  prefcribe,    which  cannot  be  a- 
lienated  by  Padion.     Wherefore,    if  the   Kingdom  came  to  King 
Kenneth's  Children  by  a  fraudulent  Padion,  it  belongs  to  them  now 
by  a  long  Prefcription :  So  that  whatever  Way  they  came  to  it,  at 
this  Day,  by  all  the  Laws,  it  belongs  f'o  to  them,  that  they  cannot 
be  deprived  of  it  without  a  manitefl  Violation  of  the  Rights  of 
Mankind. 

In  the  21  Chapter,    our  Autlior  examines  what  Buchanan  fays, 
in  the  Cafe  of  a  King's  having  a  Son,    that  is  either  a  Fool  or  a 
mad  Man,  fuch  as  thefe  (fays  he)  cannot  govern  us,  they  wanting 
Governors  themfelves ,  .  and  indeed  fays  he,    fuch  are  excluded  by 
the  Laws,  but  he  names  not  what  Laws ;    and  our  Author  appeals 
to  any  that  is  known  in  the  Laws,  if  ever  there  was  any  Law,  that 
deprived  the  Sons  ot    Kings   of  their    Father's  Kingdom,    that 
were  either  mad  or  foolifh,  in  the  Cafe  of  private  Families  we  find 
it  quite  otherwife,    and  fo  provident    have  the  LatV-givers  been, 
in  the  Cafe  of  mad,  foolifh  and  prodigal  Children,  that  they  have 
cxprefly  provided  Tutors  and  Curators  for  them, '  to  prote(ft  them 
in  their  Birth-right,    and  to  adminiftrate  their  Affairs;     and  this 
we  find  to  be  the  Cafe  of  Kings,  as  well  as  of  private  Perfons : 
Thus  Charles  the  VI  of  France,  Tailing  into  an  Inclination  of  Mind, 
he  was  put  under  Tutory  for  feveral  Years,    but  none  during  his 
Life  prefumed  to  ask  his  Kingdom,  tho*  he  had  feveral  Children, 
and  other  Princes  of  the  Blood,  who  were  fuflficiently  qualified  for 
it :  But  not  to  infift  upon  the  Inflances  of  Camby[eSy  King  of  Per- 
fia,  Orejies  King  of  Mjcma  in  jirgea,   and  others,   who  were  re- 
ally mad,  and  yet  never  deprived  of  their  Kingdoms.     Our  Author 
asks  Buchanan,    if  none  but  Perfons  of  confummated  Virtue  and 
Knowledge  fhould  be  Kings  ?  Why  are  not  Infants  excluded  from 
being  Kings,   who  have  no  more  Ufe  of  their   Reafon  than  mad 
Men  or  Fools  have  ?  And  yet  we  find  Inftances  of  Infant  Kings,  in 
all  the  Kingdoms  of  the  World,  as  oijr  Author  fhows  from  their 
Hiftories,  and  Buchanan  and  his  Party  were  then  under  the  Govern- 
ment of  an  Infant  King;    and  it  is  very  well  known  fays  our  Au- 
thor,  that  all  the  Lawyers  that  have  wrote  upon  this  Subjed  ac- 

know- 


Vol.  III.  One  of  the  Senators  of  Poittiers.  yo} 

knowledge,    that  Infants  are.  not   excluded  from  their  Nonage  or 
Want  of  Reason,  but  are  allowed  Tutors  or  Curators. 

Our  Author  having  fufficiently  refuted  Buchanans  Notions,  con- 
cerning the  firft  Rife   of  Kingly  Government,    and  the   Power  o^ 
the  People  in  creating  Kings:     In  the  next  Place  he  comes  to  ex- 
amine m  the  11  Chapter,    the   Power  that  Buchanan  gives  to  the 
People,  'in  punifhing  Kings,     wicked  tyrannical  Princes,   fays  he, 
have  beenfome  of  them  banifhcd  by  the  People,  others  thrown  in- 
to Prifon,    and  others  put  to  Death  ;    and  when  their  Children  or 
neareft  Heirs  came  to  reign,  they  were  never  challenged  for  what 
thev  had  done.     To  this  our  Author  replies,    that  'tis -true,    that 
fuch  Inftances  have  been  of  riebellious  Subjedfs  againft  their  Kings, 
as  it  is  falfe  that  rhey  had  any  Right  to  do  it,    or  were  not  pu- 
nirtied  for  it,  then  he  examines  the  Inftances  that  Buchanan  gives 
from  our  Hiftories;    for  proving  this  Power  of  the  People  in  pu- 
nifhinfT  Kin^s,    and  the  firft  is  from   the  Cuftom  of  the  Highland 
Clans   in  the  1  Hands  oi  Scotland,  wlio  eled  their  Chiftains;    and 
if  they  do  not  govern  them,   according  to  their  Advice  and  Coun- 
fel,  they  dilown  them,  and  take  themlclves  to  another.     This  fays 
our  Author  is  a  very  grofs  Miftake,    and  an  impofing  upon  Man- 
kind; for  the  Highland  Chiftains  are  as  abfolute  and  hereditary  in 
their  own  private  Families,    as  any  JVlonarchs  in  the  World,  Yea, 
fuch  Slaves   ire  their  Followers  to  them,    that  they   often  follow 
them  aj^ainft  their  own  native  Prince.     A  fecond  Argument  of  Bu- 
chanans is  from  the  Murder  offcveral  of  our  Kings  by  the  People, 
but  all  thele  Murders  weie  againft  the  Laws  of  God,  and  not  from 
any  Right  in  the  People;  yea,  fo  far  were  the  People  from  claim- 
in"  it,  that  they  were  all  committed  by  private  Confpiracies.     His 
third  Argument  is  from  the  Inftances  of  John  Baliol  and  King 
Robert  Bruce ;    but  We  fliall  not  infift   upon  this^    we  having  fully 
confidcred  it,  in  the  firft  Volumis  of  this  Works    To  all  which  out 
Author  adds  the  Confideration  o^  Bruce  s  not  fucceeding  by  the 
Choice  of  the  People,  but  by  the  Aftiftanceof  fuch  of  his  friends 
as  joined  him,  and  Conquered  the  Nation  from  the  Englijh,    and 
for  which,   by  that  Right,  it  ought  to  belong  to  him  and  his  Suc- 
cefTors.     Buchanans  laft  Argument  is  from  the  Inftance  of  Kine 
parries  the  3d,  whom  the  People  very  juftly  punifticd  fays  he,  and 
the  States  of   Parliament  approved  of  what  they  had   done.     To 
this  our  Author  anfwcrs,    by  giving  the  Chara(5fer  of  King    fames^ 
whofe  only  Fault  was,  that  for  the  encouraging  of  Learning,  he  put 
more  RefpeO:  upon  the  Men  of  Letters  in  his  Time,  who  were  ge- 
nerally of^mean  Parentage,  than  upon  his  Nobility  who  were  igno- 
rant, for  whicli  thev  contpired,  and  rofe  in  open  Rebellion  againft 
him,    tho  more  than  thd  third  Part  of  the  People  were  on  the 
King's  Side,  and   the  Parliament  that  approved  of  their  Procee- 
dings was  conftitute  of  the  Rebels  thcmlelvcs,    Who  had  forced 
the  young  Prince  his  Son  to  head  them  againft  his  Father,  and  to 
concur  will}  ihem  in  what  they  have  doncj    tot  wliich^  when  he 

L  1 1 1 1 1  i  c*^ 


504  rije  Life  of  ADAM  BL^CKVfOOD,  Vol. Illl. 

came  to  Age,  he  gave  public  Acknowledgment  of  his  SorroW  and 
Repentance.  And  fof  Buchanan  (Tays  our  Authorj  to  bring  thii 
for  an  Argument  of  their  legal  Proceedings,  is  the  utmofl  Pjecc  oi 
Impudence. 

From  our  own  Hiftories,  Buchanan  proceeds  to  Foreign  Hiftories 
to  fhow  the  Power  of  the  People  over  Kings:  But  our  Author  makes 
it  appear,  that  he  is  as  much  miftaken  in  them  as  in  our  own  Hi- 
ftories. In  the  23d  C\up:ei  Buchanan  acknowledges  indeed,  That 
the  Kin2,so(  J udah  and  Jfrael  were  not  (ubjedt  to  the  People,  but 
to  God,  from  whom  they  alone  had  their  Power,  and  therefore, 
could  only  be  punifhed  by  God.  But  (fays  our  Author)  is  not  this, 
contrary  to  the  Dodrine  both  of  the  Old  and  New  Tcftarpenr,  God 
himfelt  having  declared,  That  by  Htm  all  lOngs  reign;  and  St. 
Pjm/,  That  there  is  no  Power  but  of  God  ?  But  (proceeds  Bucha- 
nan) it  is  quite  othcrwife  in  thofe  Kingly  Governments  that  have 
their  Power  from  the  People,  fuch  as  that  under  the  Prdtors,  De- 
cemviri and  Didators  of  Rowe,  the  Dukes  of  Venice,  and  that  of 
Scotland.  To  this  our  Author  appeals  to  all  that  have  ever  read 
any  thing  of  thefe  Governments,  if  any  of  them  has  the  leaft  Rela- 
tion to  that  of  Scotland;  but  he  ftill  proceeds  in  his  wilful  Igno- 
rance, in  confounding  the  Regal  and  Popular  Government  toge- 
ther. After  this  our  Author  aiifwcrs  two  Inftances  that  Buchanan 
gives  of  the  Power  of  the  People  over  their  Kings  in  Regal  Govern- 
ments ;  the  Firft  of  rhefe  is  from  tlie  French  Hiftory,  where  the 
States  depofed  Childcric,  the  laft  of  King  Clevis s  Race,'  and  made 
Pefin  King  in  his  Place;  but  the  true  Matter  of  Fa(5l  was,  that  Pf- 
pn  having  made  himfelf  Mafter  of  France,  the  French,  that  they 
might  have  fome  Excufe  for  themfelves,  fent  to  Pope  Zachary^ 
and  Boniface,  Bifhop  ofMentz,,  to  know  their  Minds,  whether  or 
not  they  fKould  acknowledge  Childeric  their  lawful  King,  or  Pepin 
the  Conqueror ;  both  the  Pope  and  the  Bifhop  were  for  the  ftrong- 
eft  Party,  and  gave  their  Opinions  for  Pepin,  hoping  that  he 
would  alllft  the  Popedome,  which  was  then  almofl  ruined,  by  the 
Divifions  in  Italy ;  and  they  were  not  deceived,  for  Pepin  not  only 
affifted  the  Pope,  but  was  the  main  Inftrument  of  raifing  it  to  its 
prefent  Greatnefs,  as  we  have  fhown  in  the  Life  of  S,  Boniface,  in 
the  firft  Volume  of  this  Work,  and  poor  Childeric  was  thruft  into 
a  Monaflcry  :  Befides,  tho'  the  People  had  afTumed  their  Pow- 
er to  themfelves,  which  they  never  had,  fays  our  Author ;  yet  one 
Example  can  never  have  the  Force  of  a  Law,  and  the  Laws 
are  not  to  be  examined  by  Examples,  for  we  are  not  to  look  to 
what  is  done,  but  to  what  ought  to  be  done.  His  other  In- 
ftance  is  in  Chrtjliern,  King  oi  Denmark,  who  was  not  depofed  bjr 
the  unanimous  Confent  and  Power  of  the  People,  as  Buchanan 
fuppofes,  but  by  a  Fadlion  of  the  Nobility  and  Clergy,  the  Con- 
fequence  of  which  was,  that  both  Denmark  and  Sioeden,  had  the 
Misfortune  to  be  made  the  Scene  of  a  confufed  and  fatal  Anarchy, 
and  to  groan  under  the  tyrannical  Dominion  of  as  many  Sove- 
reigns, 


Vol.  III.  One  of  the  Senators  of  Poictiers.  505 

rait^ns  as  there  were  Lords  that  could  raife  any  Forces,  or  were  Ma- 
Itefs  of  a  Caftle  or  Fort :  Every  private  Qiiarrel  was  the  Occafion 
of  a  War,  and  the  contending  I'artics  made  ufe  of  the  Name  of 
Kin^;  Cjnntfon,  his  Competitor,  and  King  ChnJIiern,^  to  cover'their 
Riline  tip  i«  Arms  with  a  Pretence  of  Authority,  tho!  at  the  bottom 
thev  did  not  own  the  Right  or  Intereft  ot  cither  of  thefe  Princes. 
And  duiin"  the  Time  that  this  Scene  of  Difordcr  laftcd,  the  King- 
doms were^erpetually  dilhaded  with  inteftine  Wars;  and  thePeo- 
dlc  were  fo  weary  of  a  Liberty  that  expofed  them  to  fo  many  terri- 
ble Miferies,  that  they  demanded  a  King  with  extraordinary  Eager- 
ne(s  and  Importunity,  preferring  an  cafy  Subjeftion  to  a  wild  and 
troublefom  Freedom.  And  this  (Tays  our  Author)  is  the  Cafe  of  all 
Ele-ftive  Monarchies,  as  wc  fee  at  this  Day  in  ToUnd,  that  affords 
fo  many  bloodv  Tragedies  in  the  choofing  of  their  Kings ;  and 
which  fhews  the  Excellency  of  an  Hereditary  Monarchy. 

In  the  I4.th  Chapter  our  Author  examines  Buchanans  Compari- 
fon  betwixt  the  Regal  and  the  Papal  Power.     The  Popes  (fays  Bti- 
chanan)  who  are  in  Powci*  far  above  all  Kings,  yet  are  fubjedled  to 
the  Laws ;  for  by  the  Council  ot  Baftl  they  arc  fubjedted  to  a  Ge- 
heral  Council :  Some  of  them  have  been  depofed,  and  others  have 
had  their  Bodies,  after  they  were  dead,  and  their  Afhes  thrown  in- 
to the  Ttber :    And  why  then  ought  not  Kings,    who  are  much  in- 
ferior to  them,  be  puniOi'd  and  fubje<5l  to  the  Laws  as  well  as  they  ? 
The  Comparifon  is  ridiculous  from  the  Pen  of  a  Protejlant :    But 
(fays  our  Author)  Is  this  a  Way  ofRealoning;  Becaufe  the  enraged 
Populace  have  done  fuch  and  fuch  Tilings  to  the  Popes,  therefore 
they  ought  to  do  them  to  Kings!     'Tis'^not  the  Matter  of  the  pre- 
fent  Debate,   what  has  been  done,  but  what  ought  to  be  done  ac- 
cording to  the  Laws :    Bcfidcs,  there  is  no  Parity  in  the  Compari- 
fon, for  the  Popes  are  to  be  judged  by  the  Church,  whom  God  Al- 
mighty has  infpired,  and  promifcd  to  aflift  to  the  End  of  the  World : 
Bu?  the  Kin"s  mufl  be  judged  by  the  People,    whofe  Judgements 
have  been  ahvays  condemded  by  all  the  wife  Men  in  the  feveral 
Ages  of  the  World    The  Judgment  of  the  Populace  (fays  Cicero)  (a) 
is  the  very  Fountain  of  all  Ermr :  And  their  Eyes  and  Ears  (fays  So- 
crates) (b)  arc  the  worfl  Witneffes  in  the  World  ;  they  being  like  a 
huge  brutal  Animal,  tliat  neither  from  it  felf  or  others  is  capable  of 
being  taught  the  Truth  of  Things-;    yea,  fo  uncapabl?  are  they  of 
being  wife  Judges,    that  they  never  fail  to  perfecute  and  difgrace 
thole  that  do  them  any  Good':    And  therefore  Socrates,  Plato s  Ma- 
fler,  fays,  (c)  That  becaufe  they  are  not  capable  of  being  taught 
the  Diftercnce  betwixt  Juflice  and  Unjuftice,  they  are  not  capable 
of  being  Judges.      And  Phocion,    that  prudent  and  wife  judge  a- 
mon-jfl^lie  Athenians,    (d)  having  one  Dav  pronounced  a  Sentence 
which  was  highly  applautied  by  the  People,  he  turned  himfclf  to 
his  friends,  and  asked  them  if  lie  had  faid  any  thing  that  wis  amifs, 

M  m  m  m  m  m  faf- 


f4j  1  ufc.  »  d.  J-.olb.  Ku.nt.pra  PU>.     (0  P»»to  l«  Aleib.  i  ii  OiJo..  »  Uh.  <  di  R.ef  aklicJ    Oi  ia  ildk  1. 
(J)  Flul.  la  Wiucion. 


5o6  The  Life  of  ADA  M  BLACK'^OO  D,  Vol.  Ill 

fLjfpe(ftin<T  his  own  Judi^mcnt  when  he  found  the  People  approving 
of  K.  A°[^rcat  many  (uch  Sayings  are  quoted  by  our  Author  from 
the  Ancients ;  but  we  (hall  conclude  all  with  the  S  lying  of  a  wife  and 
pious  Kifhop,  who  being  ask'd  what  was  theThing  in  the  World  that 
nioft  differed  honi  Truth,  anfwcred,  Tl}e  Judgment  of  the  Vnlgflr. 
Buchanan  havnig  torelccii  all  this,  lays,  That  by  the  People  he  un- 
dcrdands  the  Rcprcicntativcs  of  ihc  People  in  Parliament;  and  if" 
they  traiifgrcfs,  they  arc  to  be  judged  b)  the  whole  People.  Thus 
he  is  driven  to  a  thoufand  Shifts,  tofupport  his  precarious  Notions 
about  Government,  and  would  run  us  ((ays  our  Author)  to  the 
oreateft  Confullon  and  Anarchy  imaginable,  by  devolving  all  up- 
on the  Judgment  of  the  Mob.  But  this  (Tays  our  Author)  will 
yet  more  appear,  by  examining  the  firft  Rife  of  Parliaments,  and 
their  Nature  and  Conftitution  amongft  us:  Which  he  does  in 

The  ijrh  Cliapter.  'Tis  plain  from  our  Hiftorics,  That  for  fc- 
vcral  Hundreds  ot  Years  wc  hud  no  Parliaments  but  our  Kings  ;  and 
the  French  having  contradcd  a  flridt  Friendfhip  and  Alliance 
betwixt  the  two  Nations,  we  by  degrees  came  into  a  great  many  of 
their  Culloms,  and  amongft  the  reit,  to  that  of  Calling  Parliaments, 
which  fi"nifies  no  moie  than  a  Conference  with  their  Subjccfts;  as 
it  appenrs  from  the  Word  Parliament,  which,  in  ir^w/?,  fignifies 
Conference ,  for  thefe  Princes  beiug  willing  to  recffifie  (Vharevcr 
Grievances  their  Sub)e<fl:s  complained  ftf,  out  of  their  Royal  Cle- 
mency called  tliem  together  to  hear  their  Complaints;  and  upon 
their  humble  Supplications  and  Intreatics,  they  made  fuch  Laws 
as  they  thought  He  for  their  Eafe  and  Relief.  And  this  is  plainly 
the  hirt  Rile  and  Nature  of  them,  for  they  cannot  meet  without 
being  called  by  the  King  :  And  all  Meetings  of  the  Subjeds  with- 
out the  King's  Calling  of  them,  both  by  th'eir  Laws  and  ours,  is 
called  Hi^h  'Treafon ;  neither  can  they  mafce  any  Law  but  what 
has  t!ie  Royal  Confent :  And  the  King  can  approve  or  rejed  what 
he  pleafes.  From  which  (Tays  our  Author)  it  plainly  appears, 
that  the  Parliament  can  claim  no  Power  over  their  King,  their  very 
Being  and  Conflitution  depending  allanerly  on  the  King's  Cle- 
mency. 

In  the  26th  Chapter  our  Author  examines  and  refutes  what 
Buchanan  favs  concerning  the  Coronation  Oath.  From  the  firfl 
Foundation  of  our  Monarchy,  (fays  Buchanan)  our  Kings  have  al- 
ways, at  their  Inaugurations,  (worn  to  the  People  to  obferve  the 
Laws  and  Cuftoms  of  their  PredecefTors :  By  which  it  plainly  ap- 
pears, that  liiey  hold  their  Crown  of  the  People  j  and  upon  the 
Breach  ot  their  Coronation  Oath,  they  can  transfer  it  to  another. 
To  this  our  Author  replies.  That  what  he  fays  of  the  Oath's  being 
taken  by  all  our  Kings  from  the  firft  Foundation  of  the  Monarchy, 
is  talfe  ;  for  the  Firft  who  took  this  Oath  was  King  Gregory,  who 
flouriflied  more  than  a  Thoufand  and  two  hundred  Years  after  the 
Foundation  of  the  Monarchy  :  Neither  was  this  impofed  upon  him 
by  the  People,    but  a  voluntary  Oath  of  his  own,   which  he  took 

out 


Vol.  111.  one  of  the  Senators  of  Poitiers.  <cr7 

out  of  mere  Zeal,  and  by  which  he  bound  himfelf  only  to  a  ftri(5t 
Obfcrvation  of  the  Laws,  both  Spiritual  and  Temporal;  for  he 
could  not  bind  his  Pofterity,  who,  by  the  Law  of  Succeffion,  were 
as  abfblutc  as  he  :  Neither  did  he  or  any  of  his  SuccefTors  fwear  un- 
to the  People,  but  unto  God  Almighty,  from  whom  only  they  hold 
their  Crown  and  Sceptre  ;  and  as  a  Proof  of  this,  they  fwore  to  the 
Bifhop,  wlio  anointed  them  in  God's  Name  and  by  his  Authority. 
Belides  (fays  our  Autlior)  by  the  old  Oath,  they  fwore  to  maintain 
the  ancient  Catholic  Faith  of  the  Church  of  Rome,  and  the  Laws 
that  were  enadfed  for  tliat  End :  So  that  if  this  Oath  was  obliga- 
tory upon  them  and  their  Pofterity,  they  had  caufed  their  youne 
King  perjure  himfelf  in,  taking  a  contrary  Oath,  for  the  Supporting 
of  the  Reformed  Religion. 

In  the  27rh  Chapter,  our  Author  refutes  Buchanans  Interpreta- 
tion of  Samuets  Words  concerning  the  Office  of  a  King.  The  Peo- 
ple (fays  TiHchanctn)  foolifhly  delir'd  a  King,  when  they  had  Sa- 
tnuel  who  was  their  lawful  King  5  and  they  would  not  only  have  a 
King,  but  a  Tyrant  too,  for  they  would  hayc  fuch  an  one  as  the 
Nations  about  them  had,  who  were  all  Tyrants;  for  the  People  of 
Afia  were  a  mean  difpirited  People,  and  only  fit  for  Tyranny : 
And  never  was  it  known  by  Hiftory  that  they  iiad  lawful  Kings.  To 
this  our  Author  anfwers,  That  'tis  verv  furprizing  to  fee  a  Man  of 
Buchanans  Parts  atfirming  that  Samuel  was  the  lawful  King  of  I(ra- 
el,  when  not  only  all  the  Catholic  Writers,  but  even  the  Protefl:- 
ant  Writers  fay,  That  Samuel  was  only  one  of  their  Judges ;  for  the 
fewtjh  Govetnwem,  till  then,  was  a  Theocracy,  God  himfelf  be- 
inp  their  King;'  and  therefore  he  fays  unto  Samuel  in  the  fame 
Chapter,  for  they  have  not  rejedfed  thee,  but  they  have  rejeded  mCy 
that  I  (hould  not  reign  over  them.  And  the  Scripture  is  always  plain 
in  diflinguifhing  betwixt  the  Kings  of  l[rael  and  the  Judges  of  JJ- 
rael.  Bcfides  (fays  our  Author^  can  it  be  imagined,  that  if  Samuel 
had  been  their  lawful  King,  that  they  would  have  made  choice  of 
him  to  choofe  them  another  ?  Neither  is  it  to  be  thought,  that 
God  here  intends  that  the  Kings  that  lliould  reign  over  them  fhould 
be  Tyrants;  for  that  were  to  accufe  David,  Solomon,  and  all  the 
other  good  Kings  they  had,  of  Tyranny.  And  as  to  what  he  fays 
of  the  mean  and  flavifh  Spirits,  and  of  the  tyrannical  Government 
of  the  jifiatic  Nations,  he  fhows  himfelf  ignorant  in  the  Hiflories 
of  ihefe  Nations.  And  Cicero,  Solinus,  and  all  the  other  wife  Men 
amongfl  the  Ancients,  have  extolled  them  for  their  Humanity,  Ci- 
vility and  Ingenuity,  above  the  mofl  of  all  other  Nations  in  the 
World. 

In  the  fame  Chapter  our  Author  fhows,  how  Buchanan  perverts 
feveral  other  Paffa^es  of  Scripture,  as  particularly  that  of  St. 
Paul,  Let  every  Soul  be  juhje6i  to  the  higher  Powers,  for  there  is  no 
Power  but  of  Cod,  the  Powers  that  be  are  ordained  of  God,  zvhofo- 
ever  therefore  refifteth  the  Power^  refifleth  the  Ordinance  of  God^ 
gnd  they  that  rejtfi^  fhall  receive  to  themfelva  Damnation :  All  this 

Mmmrammi  ( fays 


50iJ  T^r  /.//<?  0/ ADAM  BLACKWOOD,  Vol.  III. 

(fays  Btichcimm  )  is  to  be  underflood  of  good,  ,and  not  of  wicked 
Kings  and -Tyrants.  TOthis  our  Author  anfwers,  thdD  there  i^  not 
the  lead  Shadow  for  (uch  an  InterpretatioW,  either  from  the  A- 
poftle's  Words,  or  trom  the  Pracf^ice  of  Chrifi  and  his  Apoffles; 
tor  wc  find,  that  our  lUcded  Lord  and  Saviour  (ubn)ittcd  to  the 
wicked  Pontius  Pilate,  whocaufed  crucify  him,  and  reproved  Peter, 
for  relifting  the  wicked  Rulers  who  apprehended  him,  and  all  the 
Apoftles  fubmitted  to  their  Pcrfecutors,  and  that  not  for  I-car,  but 
for  Gonfciehce  Sake :  And  their  immediate  Followers  and  Dilciplcf, 
the  Primitive  Chnftians  did  the  like,  under  the  Heathen  Kmpe- 
rors  (a)-  And  this  Dodrine  of  Reflftance,  is  againfl  the  whole  Te- 
nor of  our  BlelTed  Lord  and  Saviour's  Life  and  Dodrine.  But  Bn- 
chitnan  finding  the  New  Tcftamcnt  not  To  fit  for  his  Purpofe,  as  the 
Old,  has  Recourfe  to  tlie  Example  of  Jehtis  cutting  ot]:  Joram  (/>), 
and  the  whole  Royal  Progeny,  for  the  Sins  of  their  Houfe:  To  this 
our  Author  replies,  that  jorcim  was  not  killed  whilfl  he  was 
King,  but  after  that  Jehu  was  anointed  King  in  his  Pfacc,  by 
the  Prophet,  and  fpcci.u  Command  of  God. 

In  the  18  Chapter,  our  Author  refutes  three  Arguments  that 
Buchanan  brings,  againfl  the  Power  of  Kings,  the  firfl  is.  Since 
God  Almighty,  without  any  Diftindlion  of  Perfons,  orders  tliac 
they  fliould  be  puniflicd  for  their  Wickednefs,  according  to  his  Ho- 
ly Law,  wliy  Kings  fhould  be  exempt  more  than  others  he  does 
not  lee.  To  this  our  Author  replies,  that  God  has  exprefly  decla- 
red, that  their  Punifhrncnt  belongs  only  to  him,  for  by  him  Kings 
reign,  and  the  Hours  of  Kings  are  in  his  Hands,  to  turn  them  as 
he  plealcth  ;  bur,  fays  Buchanan,  the  punifhing  of  Vice  is  a  Part  of 
the  Kingly  Office,  io  the  OfHce  of  the  Hangman  or  Execu- 
tioner, is  a  Part  of  the  Kingly  Office,  but  none  will  think  becaufc 
of  that,  he  himfelf  is  exempt  from  all  Punifhment,  when  he  tranf- 
grefTes  tlic  Laws.  To  this  our  Author  replies,  diat  to  order  the 
Laws  to  be  put  in  Execution  againfl  Offenders,  is  indeed  a  Part  of 
the  Kingly  Office,  becaufe  there  can  be  no  Empire  without  Jurif- 
diftion  (c) ;  but  to  put  them  in  Execution  iiimfelf,  is  no  Part  of 
his  Office,  for  by  the  fame  Argument,  fays  he,  it  would  follow, 
that  the  Devil's  punifliing  of  thofe  that  God  condemns  to  eter- 
nal Fbmes,  is  a  Part  of  the  Divine  Jurifdidion  and  Empire,  which 
none  but  a  Mad-man  will  affirm;  the  Kingly  Office  confifts  in 
commanding,  prohibiting,  and  permitting  what  he  pleafes;  but 
the  Hangman's  Office,  is  only  to  put  his  Laws  in  Execution,  which 
has  nothing  either  of  real  or  mixt  Empire  or  Jurifdidion  in  it. 
But  fays  our  Author,  this  unmannerly  and  ridiculous  Expreffion  of 
Buchanans,  only  fhows  his  inveterate  Malice  and  Spite  at  all 
Kings  whatfomever.  Buchanans  next  Argument  is,  That  if  Ty- 
rants reign  by  God's  Command  and  Approbation,  then  God  i? 
the  Author  of  Evil,   as  if  God's  being  the  Author  of  Government, 

(-fays 

J  ^^  n  ■     ■  I    ■  I I  ■  1  .  .  *^ 

(«)  Eufeb.  Hift.  Lib.  5.  Cip.  27.  Nirtph.  1.  1.  C.   17.  Tertul.  in  Apo|.  C.  J.    (i)  King't  Book.  ».  C.  >.  »»<J  10.     (.)  L.  J- 
D.  dc  jniii  om.  Jud.  Glofi  ad  L.  i.  D.  de  oAc.  ejui  eui  mod.  eft  jucii. 


Vol.111.  one  of  the  Senators  of  J^oi6tkis.  509 

(fays  our  Author)  fhould make  him  the  Caufe  of  all  Mifrnanage- 
mene,  and  wicked  Anions,  that  the  Governors  or  Princes  of  this 
World  are  guihy  of.  And  no  lefs  ridiculous  and  abfurd  is  the  third 
and  laft  Argument,  'Vizj.  St.  Paul,  fays  Buchanan,  commands  us 
to  be  fubjedt  to  all  Powers  whatfomever;  that  is  to  fay,  Citizens 
to  their  Magiftrats,  Soldiers  to  their  fuperior  Officers,  (^c.  But 
none  will  deny,  but  that  all  of  them  can  be  punifhed,  when  they 
tranfgrefs  the  Laws.  In  Anfwerto  this  our  Author  fays,  that  he  is 
afhamed,  to  fee  a  Man  of  Buchanans  Parts  and  Learning,  argue  fo 
fooliftily  and  childifhly,  as  if  he  -knew  not,  that  all  the  inferior 
Alagiflrats  are  fubjedt  to,  and  can  be  punifhed  by  the  fupreme 
Magiflrat,  who  is  anfvi'erable  to  none,  but  to  God  j  for  by  all  the 
Laws  in  the  World  {a),  it  was  never  known,  that  the  Inferior  was 
allowed  to  corre(5t  and  punifh  his  Superior ;  but  on  the  contrary. 

In  the  29th  Chapter,  our  Author  examines  Buchanans  Notions 
concerning  Tyranny,  and  fhows,  that  there  are  two  Sorts  of  Tyrants, 
the  firfl  are  thefe  who  are  lawful  Kings,  but  abufe  their  Power, 
to  whom  ve  are  bound  to  be  fubjed,  and  to  whom  the  primitive 
Chriflians  fubjecfled  themfelves,  with  all  the  Alacrity  and  Cheer- 
fulnefs  imaginable,  as  wfe  learrt  from  their  Writings :  The  other 
Sort  of  Tyrants  are  your  Ufurpers,  whom  the  Gractan  and  Roman 
Laws  allowed  every  one  to  kill,  and  to  whom  the  Ancients  pro- 
mifed  great  Rewards  (I;)  for  killing  them,  whereas  they  were  orde- 
red to  be  fubjc(5f,  and  to  obey  their  lawful  Prince  (c),  whether  his 
Commands  were  jaft  ot  unjufl. 

In  the  jdth  Chapter  our  Ahthot  fhows,  what  a  wretched  Re- 
prefentation  Buchanan  gives  of  the  Chriflian  Religion :  When  Paut^ 
(  fays  he  )  commanded  the  Chriflians  to  be  fubjedt  to  the  Superi- 
or Powers,  it  was  in  Oppofition  to  a  Notion  that  then  had  crept 
in  amongfl  tjiem,  that  they  being  redeemed  by  the  Son  of  God, 
and  governed  by  his  Holy  Spirit,  were  not  bound  to  be  fubje(5t  to 
the  Empire  of  one  Man.  Be  fides  (fays  hej  the  Chriflians  at  that 
Time,  w6re  neither  numerous,  powerful  or  rich.  Thus  (fays  our 
Authdr)  he  makes  St.  Paul  oppofe  a  Notion  of  his  own  Contri- 
vance, and  for  which,  he  has  no  Authority,  and  makes  the  A- 
poflle  accommodate  his  Dodtrine  to  their  Circumflances,  which  St. 
Irenms  (4)  tells  us,  was  the  Dodtrine  of  the  Gnojlicks  of  old,  who 
faidf  That  our  Saviour  and  his  Apoflles  had  taught  fomc  Things, 
that  W^re  not  firicflly  true  in  themfelves,  but  accommodate  to  the  Cir- 
cumflances of  tlie  Times  and  Perfons,  as  if  the  Laws  of  God  were 
like  the  Laws  of  Men,  variable,  and  accommodated  to  the  Times. 
And  as  for  what  he  fays,  of  the  Chriflians  obeying,  bccaufc  they 
were  not  powerful  and  rich  enough  to  refifl.  Our  Author  fhows, 
from  the  Writings  of  the  Primitive  Chriflians  (e\  that  they  had  a 
difTerent  Notion  of  the  Apoflle's  Meaning,  ana  that  they  looked 
upon  the  Doftrine,  of  being  fubjedl  to  the  Superior  Powers,  as  an 
BfTential  Article  of  their  Holy  Religion,  and  of  an  eternal  Obliga- 

N  n  n  n  n  n  tion ; 

■  ■    ■  ■  •■  ^ 

(«)  On.  <)ui  rcMct.  1 1,  f  u.  M.    (4)  Vidt  plm.  in  Afit  6c  Tirt>o».    (0  L.  i  it  of«r.  mt.  bwc.    WJ  Uk-  !•  <^t-  *> 
(<;  Tiilt  t.  C/riiu.  kfA.  I.  TtniL  U  i«t|>«L  Q»t.  4.  It  <«Mft  Ji4m>,  C«r  ). 


^10  <77;^  L//>  o/"  ADA  M  BLACKWOOD,  Vol.  11/. 

tion;  and  fo  xar  were  they  from  refifting  wlien  they  had  Power, 
that  Tcrtnllian  tells  us  {n).  That  they  futFcrcd  thcmfclvcs  to  be 
pcrfccutcd  for  their  Religion,  when  they  were  as  numerous  and 
powerful  as  the  Romans  themfelves,  but  tliat  they  fubmittcd  for 
Confcience  Sake,  being  commanded  fb  to  do  by  their  Lord  and 
Mafter ;  and  k  was  a  wife  Saying  of  Seneca  (b)  Rex  Ji  mccntcm  pu- 
nit.,  cedendum  efi  JufiitiAy  ft  innocent  em,  cedeadum  cfi  for  tun  a. 
..  In  thejifl.  Chapter,  our  Author,  after  lie  has  anfwcred  fome 
triflinT  Objciffions  ot  Buchanans.,  taken  from  tlie  old  Teflament, 
he  fliows  from  our  Hiflories,  how  that  all  the  Barons  and  Lords 
have  their  Lands  and  Dignities  from  our  Kings,  that  they  confti- 
tutcd  all  the  legal  Courts  in  the  Nation,  and  that  by  all  our  anci- 
ent Laws,  it  was  high  Treafon  to  own  any  other  Superior  but  the 
King ;  fo  that  an  abfblute  Monarchy  is  the  very  Nature  and  Elfcnce 
of  our  Conftitutiou;  and  fince  it  is  an  Axiom,  both  in  the  Divme 
and  Humane  Laws  (c),  that  an  Inferior  can  never  judge  a  Superior; 
the  Tarliament,  wliofc  Members  have  all  their  Lands  and  Digni- 
ties from  the  King,  and  who  are  conflituted  Jby  the  Kin^,  can  ne- 
ver be  the  Knig's  Judge. 

In  the  jld  Chapter,  our  Author  anfwers  Buchanans  Argument 
from  the  Nature  of  the  King's  Office.  Tiiat  the  People  is  better 
than  the  King  (fays  Buchanan)  is  evident,  becaufc  a  King  is  made 
by  God  for  the  Good  of  the  People,  and  if  tliere  were  no  People, 
there  would  be  no  King,  for  there  would  be  no  ufe  for  him :  So 
when  the  King  is  calld  to  be  judged  before  the  People,  the  Infe- 
rior is  call'd  before  the  Superior.  By  this  way  of  Reafbning  (fays 
our  Autlior)  which  he  brought  from  St.  Leonards  College,  the 
Sheep  is  better  than  the  Shepherd,  the  Scholars,  than  their  Maflerj 
the  Sick  than  tire  Phyfician,  the  Pupil,  tliat]^  the  Tutor,  ^c.  for  if 
'twere  not  for  the  Sheep  there  would  be  no  Sheplicrd,  no  Mafler, 
but  for  the  Scholars,  no  Phyfician,  but  for  the  Sick,  no  Tutor,  but 
for  the  Pupil,  ^c.  But  the  moft  learned  Faher  the  Lawyer  {d)  has 
proven  the  Neceflity  of  this  Superiority  of  Kings  over  the  People 
in  all  Cafes  St.  Aiigtijiine  and  St.  Jerom  exprefly  agree  to  the  fame 
Dodlrine  (f),  and  all  the  Docftoirs,  of  the  Primitive  Church. 
•  In  the  ^jd  Chapter  our  Author  fhews  from  Hiflory,  the  fatal 
Confequences  and  bloody  Tragedies  that  have  followed  upon  the 
dividing  of  the  Supreme  Power  j  according  to  that  of  the  Poet,  (J) 

Summo  dulcius  unum 
Stare  loco;    fociifque  comes  dtfcordta  regnis. 

He  likcwife  fhows,  from  the  Nature  of  Government,  and  the 
Authority  of  the  Learned  in  the  Laws  and  Policies,  that  'tis  impof^ 
Ijble  to  lodge  the  SupretHe  Power  in  the  People,  without  falling 
into  Anarchy  and  the  greateftConfufion  in  the  World. 

In  the  ^4th  and  laft  Chapter,  our  Author  fumms  up  the  whole 

Con- 


(ia)  in  Apologu  Cap.  1?.-  (i)  Lib;  uititt,  Op-JO.  — (.)  C«iwCU»u:o»  &  CUnoo  Majornm  i.  qu./.  (d)  Popolaj, 
Norn,  y  ^  Sed  &  pleb;  8c  ^  Ex  nou  fcrifto.  Num.  g.  loftiu  d«  jal»  NtC.  Cent.  £c  Cir.  (•)  laPOl.  LL  X<i« /«'</<"'«'• 
(/)  Sue.  Ftfia,  Lib.  I.  Theobald: 


Vol.  III.  Om  cf  tbe  Senators  of  Poi(5tier5.  ^^ 

Controverfy,  and  fhews  the  mutual  Duties  of  Subjedts  and  Kings 
and  that  all  Kings  fhould  be  fcar'd  and  obcy'd  by  their  Subjecfh  • 
but  they  are  only  anfwerable  to  God  for  their  Tranfgreffions* 
according  to  that  of  the  Poet ; 

Regum  timendorum  in  proprios'greges^ 
Reges  in  ipjos  imperium  tfl  Joi)is. 

Queen  Eliz^aheth  having  ftruck  oft  the  Head  of  Mary  Queen  of 
Scotland  in  tiie  Year  1 587,  as  we  have  fliewn  in  the  Life  of  that  11- 
luftrious  Princels,  our  Author,  the  very  next  Year,  publifhed  »n 
French^  at  Antwerp,  the  Hiftory  of  her  Martyrdom,  which  we  have 
frequently  cited  in  the  Hiftory  of  her  Life  :  To  which  he  has  an- 
nexed a  Colledion  of  Poems,  in  Ldtin,  Irench  and  Italian,  upon 
both  thofe  Queens,  by  feveral  Hands :  In  the  Life  of  Queen  Mars 
we  have  inferred  fome  of  our  Author's  upon  her ;  and  here  we  fliaU 
give  one  or  two  of  his  upon  Queen  Eliz^bethy  by  which  the  Reader 
may  judge  of  the  reft. 

In  teterrimA  ac  trHculentiJsintA  oAnglorttm  Reginx,  Eliz^bethA 
Tender  Ai  Anagramma. 

Blizjaheta  Teudera^ 
Vade,   Jez^abel  tetra. 
II,  1(5,  13,  14,  3,  4,  5,  (5,  I,  2,  10,  II,  8,  15,  9. 

Tetraftichon. 

Vxor  yihab,    j€Z,abel,  quondam  fevifsiwa  peflis^ 

SanCtos  occidens,  Tartara  nigra  petit : 
Si(  tu  Tetra  Dei  qua  Chrijlos  tangis  iniquef 

jEtemiSf   Jezjabel^  vade  eremenda  rogis. 

Epitaphium  Elizabethse  Titheras,  Anglse. 

QVAM  natA  flupro  fufcepit  oydvunculus,  (f  quam 
Jnceftn  tripliciy  pro  genetrice  Joror. 
Nominis  ancipitem  Cxli  produxit  in  atirasy 
Ticquiririo  frolem  quAjinematre  tulit. 
Alultis  fojfa  vtris,  Veneris  lafciva  jacerdos', 

At  nexu  cajli  libera  conjug^ii. 
Ne  male,  cum  vetlet,  tribAdos  foret  Amula  Sapphus, 

Turbaretve  facros  jufia  querela  jocos. 
Hoftis  Ccelicolum,  PatriA  crudelis  Erinnys^ 

£t  fidei  (^  famA  prodiga,  parca  boni. 
Mi.chorum  vote  Dominam  moiHavit,  (^  aras 

Polluit  infonti  fan^uine  turpi s  anus. 
Numinis  irati  jlagrum.,  fine  Numine  vixic 
Tarda  nimis,  Stygiis  prAda  recepta  rogis : 
Dum  luat  infanA  damnata  per'icula  vitAy 
Hicjacet  Etinjabetk  fi  bene  fecit,  habct. 

NnnnnnZr  In 


511  The  Life  of  ADAM  hi ACKV/OOD,  Vol.  J 11. 

In  the  Year  1598,  our  Author  publiflied  a  Manual  of  Devotion* 
at  Poitiers,  dedicated  to  James  Beaton  Archbifhop  of  Glaf^ow. 
The  Occafion  of  his  writing  this  Book,  which  con/ifts  of  Prayers 
and  Toems  upon  Divine  Subjc(5ts,  was,  That  he  ulually  read  the 
mod  of  the  Nii^lu,  and  had  thereby  fo  weakened  his  Eyes,  that  he 
could  hardly  know  his  Children  it  they  were  but  ten  Foot  diftant 
from  him  :  For  vvliicii  the  Archbifhop  advifed  him  to  a  more  ufe- 
ful  and  fafe  Way  to  employ  his  Time,  which  was  in  frequent  and 
fervent  Prayers  to  God. 

In  the  Year  1606,  our  Author  publifhcd  at  Paris  a  Poem  upon 
King  James  VTs  Inauguration,  which  he  dedicates  to  the  King; 
and  two  Years  after  he  publifhed  his  Meditatiohs  Ufiori  thci  fiftiech 
Pfalm,  c^Jiferere  r^ei  Dei4s,  which  he  dedicates  to  the  Bifhdp  of 
Clalgow.  h-\  the  Year  1609  ^^  publifhed  at  Po/r?/>r^,  a  Colletftion 
of  all  his  Latin  Poems,  which  he  dedicates  to  the  Chancellor  of 
France.  And  in  the  Year  i6\l,  he  publifhed  at  Poitiers,  his  ^d 
Book  De  njinculo  Religionis  (^  Imperii.  And  thefe  arc  the  Books 
wiiich  our  Author  has  publifhed,  and  which  were  colle(5led  altoge- 
ther in  one  Volume  in  4^0,  and  publifhed  at  Paris  in  1644,  with 
Ills  Life,  wrote  by  the  famous  Gabriel  Naudms,  Bibliothecar  to 
Cardinal  Mazjarin;  who  highly  commends  him  for  his  great  Know- 
ledge in  the  Laws,  his  Loyalty,  and  Zeal  for  his  native  Prince  and 
Country,  his  great  Prudence  and  So'^acity  in  his  managing  of  pub- 
lic Affairs,  his  exemplary  Life  and  Converfation,  and  his  profound 
Knowledge  in  all  the  Parts  of  Literature  ;  in  which,  if  he  was  not 
above,  he  wi»s  equal  to  any  of  the  Age  he  lived  in.  Much  to  the 
fame  Purpofe  are  tiie  Elogiums  given  him  by  George  Con  (a)y  Dem- 
pjier  (b\  Barclay  (c)  and  Widdrington  (d).  The  fame  Naudms  tells 
us,  That  he  wrote  a  Supplement  to  Hedor  Bo/VsHiftory,  which  he 
lived  not  to  finifh,  and  which  is  ftill  in  Mfs. 

He  died  ili  idl^,  in  the  74th  Year  of  his  Age*  leaving  eleven  Chil- 
dren behind  him,  4  Sons  (of  wiiich  one  attained  to  his  Father's  Scna- 
toriart  Dignity  at  Poitiers)  and  7  Daiighters.  He  was  mod  fplendid- 
Iv  interred  at  Poi6iiert,  in  St.  PorchdriHss  Church,  befide  his  Brother 
George-,  under  a  Marble  Monument,  with  this  Infcription  upon  it  J 

D.  M. 

HAVE,  hiatoT,  &  tluiirt  oculii  Saxum.  Hic Adamus  Blackv»(L(Us,  HoUlk  Scotut,  itfofiiui jti- 
lit,  qui  nunquam  jtuuit  vivui,  &  adhuc  ftartt,  fi  virtuii  parceret  faua.  FiliuiU^iUittmi,  in- 
ilitorum  Mnjurum  ferit  in  Caled  aia  noti ;  qutm  mtiUm,  ft  natus  ninfuijfet,  frtHitiJfttii  fiti- 
mi.  Ntpts  RoitiU  Reidai,  Onadum  Efifcofii ;  ftcreliorii  Scotiii  Confilii  Princifis,  ad  Sumnwi  Poatifi- 
us  Adnanum  VI.  Ctememcm  Vll.  Pautum  III.  (j  Rigti  ChrijliamffmK,  Francifcum  I.  &  Htitricurm 
II.  tX  Hetnicum  Britannia  VIII.  fafius  l^gnii.  OneraJJtttl  alium  tot  maina  nomina,  ifii  futre  ad 
virtuiim  Imit amentum,  ut  huic  ttlam  alien  7hemi/l(xti,  icgati  iLiui  Miltiadli  tropha'a  fomnum  ferluita' 
tent,  fir  I  imatiorii  Uteratura,  &  Uieiiliarumferme  omnium  ac  lingudrun  fciem,  ft  videlicet,  ApJ- 
linii  laurot  mlitanhus  Jamilia  palmis  adjungeret.  Mngnt  Maiitt  Stuartd  perquam  cbarui,  ejufdem 
fandioris  ComiliT  ndftjfot.  Senator  Piilavitnfii  &  Scatinus :  in  gnendis  maximii  rebus  (j  legatiomhut 
etd  Prittcipei,  praclare  verfatus.  Ut  agnof.ai  quota  pars  Jllius  hic  laieat,  qui  Stoiiam,  Angliam  (3  GaU 
ham  fuo  nomine  complrvtrit.  p'lxit  annoi  74.  per  omnes  honorum  &  virtutum  iradus  exaRos :  Reli- 
gionii  fludioHjJimui,  Jufliiia  tennx,  l^irluitim  amans,  Offuiorum  immodicui,  fidei  tj  chJervantiM  erga 
Principes  retinentiffimut.  Talem  tjjenimirum  oporteiat,  iujus,  in  tarn  perverja  atate,  mors  vi fa  eft  omni- 
tut  immttura.Oiiit  Anne  Salutit  MDCXXlII.  fermuliu  fummt erudiiionid  virisexitiali,  quafilatartt 
Liitratorum  Reffuilica,  tanto  fukimentt  comujfa.  Sic  tmnes  morlMur,  (auci  fie  vivimut.  Vale  (7  pt'ge. 

THE 

(«)  In  vii>  MiriB  Stiurla,  &  in  Primit.ii  Scoiicii,  V.  35.      (*)  Hlft.  Eccltf.  P.  nfi.      («)  Dc  E.Cg»0  fit  Reglli  Pote«. 
Urcir.  Msmrch.  P  .  t,      ^<l)  la  Afolof   Ctfd.StlUliB.  ft*  jui*  P<lncir.  f.  JfS,  iff. 


Vol.  III.  J, J 

"■■■         —■■■■■■  .«  ,    .  ^^1         ^  ,    ,    I '^im^^'^^i^m^^m^^m^ 

The  Catalogue  of  his  Works; 

I.       ADP'ERSUS     Gcorgii    Buchanani    D'talogiim  de  Jure  Regtti 

^^     npud'i,coto<iy  pro  regibus  apologia,  Pid.    ij8o.    in  %vo. 
}I.   De  <i*TnrTth- Religiums  ^  Imper'ti,  Liber  tert'tus,  Pift.    x6\x.'tn  %vo. 

III.  DeJ!J*»atk  Religion'n  fef  Imperii,  Lib.  2.  Parifiis,  in  %vo.   157;. 

IV.  In  pfalmumV):L\\6\s  quifiquagefsmumy  ctijtiiinititim  ejl,  Mifereremd. 
Dcus,   Pid:.    1608.  in  Svo. 

V.  SanFldnitn  precationam  proemia,    Pi(fl.    1J98.  /«  %vo. 

VI.  Varii  generis  poemata,  Pid:.  1^09.  /«  8t;<;. 

VII.  Jacobi  I.    Magna  Britannia,    feu  Scotangliaj  6f  Hibcrnfx  Regts 
inauguratto,  Parifiis,  in  ^0,    1606. 

VIII.  Martyre  deMin&Stnait  Reyned'E/coJ/e,  en  Ameis,  inivo.  ij88. 

Omnia  Blackvodaei  opera  ha&enus  enumerata,  tn  itnutn  colleEJa 
cura  Gondii 'i^zxxQs.i^prodierunt  Parifiis /«  4/(7.   1544, 


THE 

Life  o£  yAMES  B0NAFENTURj4z,Y^ 
HEP  BURN,   of  the  Order  of  the^^^' 

Minims, 


HIS  Gentleman  was  born  in  the  Shire  o?  Ea/l-/othian,Wi&nktni 
upon  the  14  Day  oijuly  i  J73-  atid  was  Fourth  Son  ''*""**' 
to  Thomas  Hepburn,    Redor  of  old  Hamfioch,  for  in 
fbme  manufi:ript  Obfcrvations,     writ  by  his  Father, 
and  now  in  my  Cuftody,  I  find  this  following  Rcgifter 
of  the  Births  of  all  his  Children  {a). 

1.  Die  p  4  Januarii,  fub  horam  nonattt  matutinam.  An,  i^6i,  natut  ejt 
Thomas  Hepburn. 

2.  Die  I,  6  Mali,  hora  feptima  pojl  meridiemy    tiatus  <r^  Georgius  Hep- 
burn, /In.  1564. 

3.  Die  o    10  Aug^fti,  anno  1^67.  paulo  ante  meridiem,  natus  eji  Ale- 
xander I  Icpburn. 

4.  Die  ^  14  ]\x\iiy  fub  horam  decimam  matutinatny  An.  i^7Z'  ttdtusefl 
jacobus  Hepburn. 

J.  Die  o  hora  3.  pomtridianay    17  Augufti,    157;.  «<i/w^Thcophi- 

lus  Hepburn, 
6.  Die  (J  24   junii,  .  1578.  hora.ttena   matuti^a,    f^fuf  ^fi   Joanne* 

Hepburn. 

O  o  o  o  o  o  7'  Dt* 


if)  m,  HiOorr  d  ki*  ur*.  /•••  w, . 


\^A      The Ufeoj] AMES  BONAVENTURA  HEPBURN,      Vol.  Iff. 

^>^A^    7    Die  i  d  Oaobris,    i^?^-  M  horam  ^  matutinam^  natns  ejl  l^oWi- 

4/-v^         tus  Hc-pburn.  ,;•/•/  • , 

8    D'l!  »  3  julii,    1581.   hora paulo plmjecunaa pomeridiana,   rtatm  efl 

Patricius  Hepburn. 

o.   Die    S    3  JuHi,   \^ii.  patdoante  htam  fecumlam  matntmdrn,   mtiis 

'  ejl  Francifcus  Hepburn* 

Hs  Ejua-      He  had  his  Education  at  the  Univafity  of  St.  An^revji,   wU.crc,   after 
'^'         W  had  finidicd  his  Studies  in  Humanity  andPhilpfophy,  he  applied  him- 
felf  to  the  Study  of  the  Oriental  Languages,    in  which  he  made  fuch,4 
wonderful  Progrefs,  that  nope  of  his  Age  was  comparable  to  him :    His 
Father  brought  him  up  in.  the  Proteftant  Religion,  but  being  induced  to 
go  over  to  the  Communion  of  the  Church  of  Rifme,   he  went  over  to 
HisTuvd..  yy„„ce  and  Italy ;  and  from  thence  he  travelled  through  Turk^^  Ferfia, 
Syia,  -Pnlepfie,  E'."\pt,  Ethiopia,  and  mod  of  the  caftern  Countries  j  by 
Vhich  Meiuis  he  attained  to  fuch  a  Perfection  in  all  the  Languages,  that 
it  is  (aid,  that  he  could  have  travelled  over  the  whole  Earth,    and  fpokc 
to  each'Nation  in  theii  own  Language  :     But  whatever  Exaggeration 
jnay  he  in  this, .  it  may  be  fajd  without  any  Vanity,  that  there  never  was 
a  Nation  that  produced  a  Perfon  that  was  Mafter  of  fo  many  Languages 
as  he  was  Mafter  of ;  as  I  (liall  make  appear  by  an  authentick  Document 
in  the  following  Account  of  his  Life. 
HeenwRin-      Upon  his  Rctum  ftom  his  Travcls,   he  enters  into  the  Order  of  the 
*^(('uj^'^I^^nif»(  at  Aul^mn.     The  f^rft  Founddr  pf  this  Order,    was  St.  Francis 
'  de  Paid(iy  who  built  towards  the  Year  1467.  a  fmall  Monaftery  near  to 
the  City  of  that  Name,  where,  feveral  religious  People  were  brought  up 
under  a  Rule  of  his  own  Contrivance  ;    which  was  approven  oi  by  Pope 
Sixtus  IV.    Pope  Alexander  VI.  and  by  Pope  Jtdim  II.     At  firft:  they 
were  called  the  Hei  mites  of  St.  Francis^     and  afterwards  Minims   from 
their  calling  themfelves,  out  of  their  Humility,   Minimi  Fratres  Eremite. 
After  this  he  lived  at  Rome  for  five  Years  retiredly,  in  the  /><rw/>  Mona- 
ftery o:  the  Holy  Trinity,  belonging  to  this  Order,  but  his  eminent  Parts 
having  divulg'd  his  Fame  thro'  the  whole  City,    he  was  brought  out  of 
fteTohPe'cThis  Retirement  by  Pope  Taid  V.    and  made  Overfeer  ofall  the  Oriental 
'iTMs^n"*  Books  and  Manufcripts  that  were  in  the  Vatican,    in  which  .Station  he 
•^'"""'   continued  for  fix  Years  («). 

Dempper  who  could  not  but  know  our  Author,  fince  he  lived  \n  Italy 
at  the  ftme  Time  with  him,    gives  us  the  following  Catalogue  of  his 
Works,  allwhich,  he  fays,  hehimfelf  had  feen. 
An  Account      y^^  HebrcvJ  Didionary,  a  Chaldaick  Diftionary,  an  /irabick  Grammar, 
rfho   orkx.  ^^_^  .^^^  publiihed  at  Rome  in  4I0.  in  the  Year  1591.  with  the  following 
Title,  Alphabetum  Arabicum,  ©*  exenitatio  letTionis.'    A  Commentary 
upon  fome  Pfalms,  trandated  from  the  Hebrew  into  Latin.   Rabbi  Solo- 
mon the  Son  of  Tfemach,  his  Kettar  Malcuth  tranflated  from  the  He- 
brew into  Latm.  This  Book,  which  Dimpfter  intitles  Diadema  Regni^ 
was  prit^ted  at  Fenice^  under  the  Title  of  Gloria  6f  Decus  Ifraelis,   and 
fcdnt'ainsSix  Homilies  or  Sernlons  on  the  dory  and  Privileges  of  God's 
chofen  People.     Two  Books  writ  by  Rabbi  Aben  Ezra,  tranflated  from 

the 


(<)  Vide  Dcmpftcr,  Hift.  Ecdcf.  Lib- 1-  P'S-  3<i- 


Vol.   III.  of  the  Order  of  the  Minims.  515 

the  Hebrew  into  Latitty  the  one  concerning  the  myftical  Numbers,  and 
the  other  concerning  Seven  different  Ways  of  interpreting  the  facrcd 
Scriptures.     This  Rabbi  /Abraham  ^iben  Ezra,  was  one  of  the  mod  lear- 
ned Kabbics  amongft  the  Jews^  he  lived  in  the  Twelfth  Century,  and 
died  in  tlic  Year  \\6<^.    He  has  wrote  literal  Commentaries  on  mod 
Part  of  the  Bible,   which  are  printed  in  the  great  Bibles  of  Venice  and 
Bojil-^  and  bcfidcs  his  Commentaries  upon  the  Scripture,  he  has  wrote 
ieveral  Books  upon  other  SubjeiSts,     as    his  Sepher  moftti   lefcon  hak- 
kodcfh,    that  is  to  fay,   The  Book  of   Balances   of  the   holy  Tongue; 
and  his  Sepher  ifahtit  Bedikduh,  that  ife  to  fay,   The  Book  of  the  Elegancy 
-of  Gratnmar^  and  many  others,  needlefs  to  be  mentioned  here.     Our 
Author  has  likewifc  tranflated  from  Hebrew  into  Latin^    the  Canticles 
or  Song  of  Rabbi  "Jofephy  called  Karras  Kefeph^  or,  The  Stiver  Shield. 
The  Sepher  Kacabola  o(  Rabbi  Abram  Levtta.     An  Epitome  or  Hiort 
Ciuonicle  of  the  Affairs  of  the  Romans.     The  Hiftory  of  the  Anions  of 
the  Kinf^s  of  Iftaely  by  an  unknown  Author.     Several  Letters  writ  by 
the  Jewtlh  Rabbies.     The  Commentaries  of  Rabbi  ^iintis  on  the  Pfal- 
ter.     A  Colledion  of  all  the  fynonymous  Words  that  are  in  the  Bible. 
Simmus  Tehdltnn,  that  is  to  fay,  The  Mtntfiry  of  the  Pfalms.     All  thefe 
Books  wcie  tranflated  from  the  Hebrew  into  Latin^  by  our  Author  whilft 
liewasaLaickj  and  after  he  turn'd  Monk,  he  tranflated  \.\ic  Sepher  "J et- 
zira,  that  is  to  fay.   The  Book  of  the  Creat/on.     This  Book  the  J ewijh 
Rabbies  allcdge  to  haVe  been  writ  by  the  Patriarch  jibraham,  for,  ac- 
cording to  their  Cabalift:ick  Doctors,  every  Patriarch  from  Abraham  to 
Aiofes,  had  an  Angel  for  his  Mafter,who  inftruded  him  ;  and  moft  of 
thefc  Patriarchs  have  left  Records  of  what  paft  in  their  Time:    Thus 
R.ibbi  /,bram   Rendior,    in  his  Preface  to  this  Book  of  Jet/ira,    tells  us 
very  gravely  wh.it  the  Angels  Names  were,  the  Angel  Raziel,  fays  he, 
was  ^^<7>«'i  Mafterj    Jophiel,  Sem's;    Zedekiel,    Abraham's-,   Raphael^ 
IfaaCs;   Feltely  Jacob's;   Gabriel,  Jofeph's  ;   Mefatron,    Mf^fe^y  ;    and 
Malathiely  hliai's;    and  each  of  thefc  Angels  gave  to  their  Scholars  the 
Cabal,  which  is  the  fewtJJo  Tradition,    and  by  this  Means  it  has  been 
prefervcd  amongft  them.     Now,   the  Chaldeans  not  agreeing  amongft 
thcmfelvcs  about  the  Firft  Principles  of  Religion,   fome  fetting  up  Two 
firfl  contrary  Caufes,  others  Three,  and  others  only  the  Sun,  the  Fifft 
Caufe  of  all  Things  j    this,   according  to  them,    gave  the  Patriarch  A- 
hraham  occafion  to  compofe  this  Book  of  the  Creation,   vrhich,  tho'  it 
be  the  Work  of  fome  Impoftor  who  has  borrowed  Abraham's  Name  to 
it,  ncvcrthclefs,  one  may  difcover  in  it  the  Remains  of  the  Faith  of  the 
ancient  Chaldeans  and  Per/ianSy   as  it  was  taught  them  by  the  famoiis 
linpoftor  Zoroajlres. 

Our  Author's  next  Performance,  was  a  Tranflation  of  the  Hiftory  of 
^adith.  A  Tranflation  of  Rabbi  Salamon,  the  Son  of  Adrathi  (com- 
monly call'd  Rajhba)  Odttts  SanSlttaiis^  or,  Holy  IVorJhip:  This  Book 
contains  the  Duties  of  the  fews  upor»  their  holy  Days  and  Fafts.  Rabbi 
i.tvi  Ben  Gerfon  his  Commentary  upon  the  Pentateuch:  This  R.abbi  has 
made  fcvcral  Commentaries  upoh  the  Scripture,  moft  of  which  have 
been  printed  at  VeMice.  A  Book  upon  the  Death  of  Aaron  and  Mo/es. 
T  lie  Ciuonicle  of  Mofis  the  Legiflator.    The  Book  of  Tobias. .  The 

O  o  o  o  o  o  1  fi°°* 


ji<5      r/jf/.//f  ^/JAMES  BONAVENTURA  HEPBUKN,       Vol. HI. 


Bool;  oi  Eldad,  of  the  Tribe  oi  Dan.  Tlic  Parables  oi  Sandahr^  witli 
the  Adions  of  the  Seven  wife  Men.  The  Proverbs  of  the  lifty  Drfci-' 
pies.  The  Office  of  the  BlcfTed  Virgin  in  Hebrew  Rhymes/  Saare 
Hiazredehy  or,  Vjc  Ponhei  of  ynjljce,  by  Rabbi  Jo/ep/j  the  Son  of 
Kartnto'il.  The  Book  of  £«o Jj,  and  the  t^'trga  otirea.  Tiie  Ancients 
and  Moderns  have  been  very  much  divided  in  their  Opinions  al)out  the 
Book  of  Enoch,  as  it  will  appear  from  the  Hiftory  of  this  Controvcrric 
as  we  have  it  fct  down  in  the  Third  Chapter  of  the  Third  Tome  of  F. 
Simofi'a  Critical  Bibliotheck. 

I  now  come  to  our  Author's  lad  Performance  mentioned  by  Dfw^- 
y?(fr,  wliich  is  \\\syirga  aurea  feptuagwta  duobm  encommcdelata;  and  this 
is  the  authentick  Document  that  I  formerly  mentioned  of  our  Author's 
lurprizing  Knowledge  in  the  Languages.  This  was  communicated  to  mc 
by  the  late  Sir  John  Murray  oi  Glendoick  ;  and  fincc  it  is  a  fingular 
Piece  of  Curiofity,  I  fliall  give  the  Reader  a  particular  Account  of  it, 
with  fome  Reflections  upon  the  different  Languages  that  are  here  fee 
down  by  our  Author. 

This  is  a  large  Print,  engraved  at  Rome  in  the  Year  \6i6.  and  dedi- 
cated to  Pope  Paul  V.  Upon  the  Top  is  the  BlelTed  Virgiti,  with  a 
Circle  of  Stars  round  her  Head,  wrapt  up  in  a  glorious  Vcftmcnt,  upoa 
which  is  her  Name  in  Hebrew-,  all  round  her  Elogiumj  in  Latin ,  Greek 
and  Hebrew^  proceeding  like  To  many  Rays  from  her  j  above  her  Head 
is  pidured  the  Father,  Son,  and  holy  Ghoftj  and  on  each  Side  of  her 
Angels,  and  the  Twelve  Apoftles ;  and  under  her  Feet  the  Moon  and 
the  Stars. 

Then  follow  Seven  Columns,  in  the  Firft  and  Lad  the  Author,  in 
Latin  and  Hebrew,  gives  the  Account  of  his  Defign,  in  reprefcnting  in 
Seventy  two  Languages,  and  in  Emblems  adapted  to  fo  many  Paffages  of 
the  facrcd  Scriptures,  Encomiums  upon  the  blefled  Virgin.  The  Names 
of  the  Alphabets  of  thefe  Languages  in  which  thefc  Encomiums  are 
written,  I  fliallhere  fet  down,  M'ith  the  Emblems  and  Scriptures  that  are 
writ  round  them,  in  the  Language  of  each  Alphabet. 

The  Firft  of  thefe  Five  Columns,  has  the  following  Alphabets,  Em- 
blems and  Scriptures,  The  Babylonijh  Alphabet,  the  Emblem,  Water 
flowing  out  of  divers  Conduits ;  the  Infcription,  The  Waters  ofParadife^ 
Ecclef.  ii.  4.  The  Hieroglyph'tck  Alphabet,  the  Emblem,  A  beautiful 
Mirrour;  the  Infcription,  A  Mirr our  without  a  Spot ^  Wifd.vii,  The  ^- 
follonick  Alphabet,  the  Emblem,  An  open  Book ;  the  Infcription,  "the 
Book  of  God's  Law,  Ecclef  xxiv.  The  Egyptian  Alphabet,  the  Em- 
blem, The  Head  of  a  beautiful  Woman;  the  Infcription,  The  King's 
Daughter  a  all  glorious  within,  Pfal.  xliv.  The  CuJJ'ean  Alphabet,  the 
Emblem,  A  great  City ;  the  Infcription,  The  City  of  a  great  King,  Pfal. 
xlvii.  The  Virgilian  Alphabet,  the  Emblem,  A  Woman  fitting  before 
the  fifing  Sun;  the  Infcription,  Brighter  than  the  Sun,  Wifd.vii.  The 
Hetrufcan  Alphabet,  the  Emblem,  A  Ladder  with  Angels  afcending  and 
defcending;  the  Infcription,  Jacob's  Ladder ^  Gen.  3ixviii.  12.  The 
Saracen  Alphabet,  the  Emblem,  A  Bed  with  the  Mother  and  the  Babe; 
the  Infcription,  Behold,  the  Bed  it  fs  as  that  of  King  Solomon,  Cant. 
iii.  7.     The  ^Jfyrian  Alphabft,    the  Enablpro,   Judith  with  Qlofernefs, 

Head 


Vol.  I  If.  of  the  Order  of  the  Minums.  ^ly 

Head  in  the  one  Hand,  and  the  Sword  in  the  other :  And  thus  the 
Author  proceeds  to  other  Alphabets,  'vfZ^.the  Armenian,  i\\q  T'f^ 
Syro-armenian,  the  Jllyriany  the  Sdean,  the  Ethiopian,  theThenici-  !^V^ 
an,  the  Jrench,  the  German.  ^  The  Second  Column  contains  the 
Gothick,  the  Getick,  the  Seythtan,  the  MeJJagetick,  the  Mercurial- 
Egypdacky  the  Jfiack-Egyptiack,  the  Greek,  the  lonick,  the  ^olick, 
the  Attick,  the  Dorick,  the  Ld//«  Graecis'd,  the  Coptick  Alphabets, 
that  of  the  Jacobites,  the  Servian,  the  /r//^,  the  ^ycofj  Alphabets. 
In  the.  third  Column  is  Pope  Paul  the  Vths.  ^idlure,  beneath 
which  are  thefe  two  Lutin  Verfes. 

'Dat  minimus  minimum  munus  tibi,   Maxime  mundi^ 
Cerne  animum  dantis  matcriamque  tibi. 

There  are  alfo  the  Figures  of  Bathfeba  and  EJiher^  with  the  Syriack 
Alphabet,  and  that  oi  the  Maronites. 

The  4th  Column  contains  the  Chaldaick,  the  PaUljin,  the  Canar 
n&an  the  Per^an,  the  African,  the  Arabick,  the  Indian,  the  Turk- 
ifh,  the  Rabinical,  the  German-Rabinical,  the  Galilean,  the  Spanijh 
Rabinical,  the  Afro- Rabinical,  the  HchrAo-Arabicky  the  Syro-J^- 
traick,  the  Myftical. 

In  the  5th  Column  are  the  Seraphi^k,  the  Supercelefiial,  the 
Angelical,  the  Enochean.  the  Punick,  the  Hebrew,  the  Samaritan, 
the  Mofaick,  the  Judao- Samaritan,  the  Idumxan,  the  Halo-Rabi- 
nick,  the  Brachman,  the  AdamAan,  the  Sobmonick;  the  Noachick 
Alphabets. 

Our  Author  was  fo  expert  in  all  thefe  Languages,  as  to  be  able 
to  write  in  each  of  themi 

Now  thefe  are  all  the  Languages  (and  they  are  the  moft  of  the  ,J?'''£^ 
knoU'n  habitable  World  )  in  which  our  Author  has  given  us  a  Spe-  ««• 
cimen  of  his  Knowledge,  and  which  evidently  demonftrats,  that 
he  was  riot  only  the  greateft  Linguifl  of  his  own  Age,  but  of  any 
Age  that  has  been  fince  the  Creation  of  the  World,  and  may  be 
reckoned  amongft  thofe  Prodigies  of  Mankind,  that  fcem  to  go 
beyond  the  ordinary  Limits  of  Nature.  Vempfier  fays,  That  he 
is  mentioned  with  great  Honour,  by  Vincentius  Blancui,  a  noble 
Venetian,  in  his  Book  of  Letters  ;  and  as  we  have  already  obfer- 
vcd,  he  is  highly  commended,  by  that  learned  Dr.  of  the  Canon 
Law,  James  Gajfarel,  in  his  Book  o(  Vnheard  of  Curiojities,  pub- 
liflied  in  Latin  at  Hamburg,  Anno  i6'j6.  Dempfier  fays.  That 
our  Author  died  at  Venice,  in  the  Beginning  of  the  Month  o£ 
QUober  i  (5l0, .  where  he  had  gone  to  print  fome  Hebrew,  Syriack, 
and  ChaUaick  Writings ;  but  others  fay  that  he  died  at  Venice, 
Anno  1(51  ij  and  that  his  Pidure  is  flill  to  be  feen  there,  and  ac 
the  Vatican  at  Rome:  I  defien'd,  in  the  Account  oi  this  learned 
Linouift's  Life,  to  have  inferred  a  DifTcrtation  on  the  Origine,  Pro- 
grels,  and  different  Dialeds  of  the  mofl  ancient  and  ufeful  Langu- 
ages )  but  this  Volume  having  already  fwelled  to  a  fufHcicnt  Bulk 
aiid  many  Perfons  of  Quality  and  Learning  urging  the  Publication 

P  p  p  p  p  p  of 


The  Life  of  JAMES  BONAVENTURA   HEPBURN.      Vol.  7//. 


of  ity  I  am  forced  to  delay  it,  till  an  Opportunity  offers  in  the  dth 
'w\-«  Volume.  The  Catalogue  of  his  Works,  according  to  Demp/ler, 
^^^V^    are  as  follow  ;  all  which  he  fays  he  had  fecn. 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

I.  -r^ICTJONJRIVM  Hebraicum. 

III.  Crammattca  Arabica.  Rom*   1591,  in  4/0. 

IV.  Comment ar a  in  quofdam  Pfalmos. 

V.  Keter  MiilcHth  [eu  Gloria  njel  decus  IfrcJetis,  continet  Ctlomilias 

five  Condones,  Venetits. 

VI.  Rabbi  Abraham  Aben.  Ezjra  Lihrum,  de  My  ft  ids  mmerisveftit 

in  Latinum. 

VII.  Ejufdem  Librum  alium  de  Septemplid    modo   interprerandi 
Sacram  Scripuram  'vertit. 

VIII.  Canttcum    Jofephi  Hyfapii,   quod  didtur  Kaaris  ICefoph  -vel 

Argentea  <vertity   fequentes  eciam  libros  vertit  6c  cdidit. 

IX.  Sepher  K<.udola  Rab'  Abraham  Levit*.  E  David. 

X.  Epitomen  Chronicorum  Romanorum. 
XL.^  Gefta  Regitm  Ifraelis,  mcerto  Autore. 

XII.  Varias  Rabbinorum  Epifiolas. 

XIII.  Comment  arios  Rabbt  Ktmchi  in  P fatter  turn. 

XIV.  Synontma  qua  in  Bibliis  habentur. 

XV.  Summut  TeUUim,  i.  e.  Pfalmorum  minifterium. 

XVI.  Sepher  fetz^ira,  feu  de  Creationt. 

XVII.  Hifionam  Judith. 

XVIII-  R.  Salomonist  E  Alah^  cultus  fanClitatis. 

XIX.  libellum  de  obitt*  Aaronis  (S"  (^oyfis. 

XX.  Chronica  Moyfis  Legifiatoris. 

XXI.  R.  Levi,  Ben.  Gerfon  Commentarios  in  Dtcilogum. 

XXII.  Librum  Tobii. 

XXIII.  Librum  Eldad,  de  Tribu  D^n. 

XXIV.  Parabolas  Sandabar,  in  quo  gefiafeptemfapitntum  continenWr. 

XXV.  Troverbia  L-  Dijdpulorum. 

XXVI.  Ltbrum  Enoch. 

XXVII.  Saare  Hiaz^z^edele,  i.  e.  Porta  Jufiiti*- 

XXVIII.  Offcium  B.  Virginis  ^  H^mnos  Hebraicos  fecit. 

XXIX.  Schema  LXXll  Jdiomatum,  fiveVirga  aureOy  Romaf,  1616. 
§luia  Be  at  a  Vtrgo  dicitur  tot  dnnis  in  vivis  fuijje;  (S"  tile  nume- 
rus  Di}dpulorum  eft  Chriftit  ^  R-  £•  Cardinalittm,  (^  tot  My- 
fteria  in  nomint  Dei. 

THE 


Vol.  III.  519 

THE 


An.  iti;. 


LlFEofJOHN  NATIER,  Baron  of  Mer- 
chijlon^  the  Inventer  of  the  Logarithms. 

THIS  Gentleman  was  dcfccnded  from  an  ancient  fjjj'^e^b, 
and  honourable  Family,    (  as    my  good  Friend  "<>"  "»^* 
that  learned  Antiquary,  Mr.  Crawford  has  fliown,'  *""' 
in   his  Hiftory  of  the  Peerage  of  Scotland  (ay 
His  Father  Sir  Archibald  Napier  of  Edtnhellyy 
was  a  learned  and  worthy  Gentleman,  and  Mafter 
of  the  Mint  in  King    "^ames  the  VI.  Time,  who  had  a  particular 
RcfpcA  and  Efteem  for  him :    His  Mother  fanet  Bothwal^    was 
Daughter  to  Mr.  Francis  Bothwaly  one  of  the  Senators  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Jufticc,  in  King  James  the  V.  Time,  and  PredeccfTor  to  the 
Loid  Holy-rood- houfe :     He  was  born  at  Merchifion,  hard  by  Edin- 
burgh,  in  the  Year  of  our  Lord  155O;  he  had  his  Education  at  the 
Univerfity  of  St.  Andrews,  as  he  himfelf  informs  us,  where  hearing 
JVir.  Chrifiofher  Goodman  preaching  upon  the  Apocalyps^    he  fays, 
That  he  was  fo  moved  at  the  Blindnefs  of  thePapifts,  that  he  im- 
mediately formed  his  Defign  of  writing  upon  the  Re'velation^ 
which  he  did  indeed  afterwards  perform,    with  a  wonderful  Dili- 
gence and  Labour;  But  it  happened  to  him,  as  to  all  thofe  that 
have  meddled  with  thefe  obflrufe^  Myfteries,   that  none  of  them 
have  as  yet  had  the  good  Fortune  to  open  the  Seals,  fo  as  to  con- 
vince any  rational  Man,   that  they  have  been  admitted  to  'thofe 
hidden  Secrets  of  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven:  And  all  the  Attempts 
that  have  been  hitherto  made,    in  the  Explanation  of  riiis  Book; 
have  only  fervedto  fhow,    how  unfuccfefsful  all  their  Attempts  and 
Endeavours  that  Way  have  proved,  He  «» t* 

Our  Author  had  no  fooner  finiflied  his  Studies  in  Philofophy  hi.V.«.u^ 
at  St.  Andrews,    but  he  was  fent  to  his  Travels  by  his  Parents; 'l^Y'^'L, 
and  having  flayed  for  fome  Years  in  the  low  Countries,'  France  c^-,X'. 
and  Italy,   he  returned  to  his  Native  Country,   and  applyed  him-  J;,*^^"- 
felt,  clotely  to  the  Study  of  Mathematics,  in  which  he  excelled  all  i^Rt*.u. 
the  Mathematicians  of  his  Age.     Yet  •  the  noble  Speculations  of 
thefe  Sciences  had  not  freed  him  from  his  Apocalyptical  Vifions, 
for  his  firft  Appearance  in  the  World,   was  his  Commentary  upon 
the  Ktvelation,  which  he  publifhed  under  the  following  Title, 
A  plain  Difcovery  of  the  whole  Revelation  of  St.  John,  jet  doWri 
in  two  Treatifes,  the  one  jearching  and  proving  the  true  Interpreta^ 
tion  thereof ;  theother  applying  tht  fame  pardplifaffically  and  hijlori* 
cally  to  the  Text,  with  a  Rejolution  of  certain  Douks,    moved  hy 
fome  well  ajfeded  Brethren ;  zuhereunto  are  annexed  Certain  Oracles 
of  Sibylla,    agreeing  with  the  Revelation,  and  other  Places  of  Scrip' 
$ure.    And  this  he  publifhed  in  Quarto,   itt  the  Year  1593.    And 

P  p  p'  ^  p  p  i  " 


510        The  Life  of  JOHN  NAPIER,  'Baron  of  Mcrchifton,       Vol.  Hi- 


An.  |<I7. 


it  muft  be  acknowledged,    that  this  Performance  of  his  did  verr 
much  amufe  all  Europe ;    and  it  was  immediately  tranflated  iotb 
J)i4tck  French,  Italians  and  Latin :    And  many  were  firmly  pcrlwa* 
ded  of  the  Truth  of  what  he  had  advanced  in  his  Conjcdturcs  upon 
thofe  Vi(ions.     But  how  much  both   he  and  they  were  miftaicen, 
appears  from  tlic  I4tli  Propofition  of  his  Firft  Book;  wherein' he 
podtivcly  arfirms,  that  the  Day  of  Judgment  was  to  happen  betwixt 
the  Years  1688  5c  1700.     But  had  he,    front  thefc  Vjfions,  calcu- 
lated our  6V.  W  Revolution  in  Britain^  in  ftead  of  that  ot  the  World, 
and  foretold  the  grievous  Calamities  that  have  happened  in  Ettrope 
witliin  this  Period  and  fince,  he  had  been  as  much  cxtoll'd  for  his 
Knowledge  in  thcfe  Myfteries,    as  he  has  been  for  his  Knowledge 
in  Numbers,  by  his  wonderful  and  furprizing  Invention  of  tlic  Jjh 
garithms;  of  which  I  fliall  give  the  Reader  a  brief  Account. 
Hcini-CTU      The  Ancients,    in  their  Calculations,    ufed  the  natural  Chords ; 
'i.hm'f'in  the  Circumference  oi  a  Circle  being  divided  into  360  Parts,  and  the 
fhTirvcr.tf  Diameter  into  i  zo,  with  each  of  thefe  fub-dividcd  into  60..  the  Sex- 
•"■  agenary  Divifion  being  the  moft  convenient  then  known :    And  in 

thefe  they  ef^imated  their  Chords,  a  Table  whereof  we  have  in  Pto- 
lowys  u4lmagefl.  And  thefe  were  the  only  Tables  in  ufc  till  about 
the  Year  of  our  Lord  1430,'  that  Regiomontanus,  keeping  the  fame 
Divifion  of  the  Circumference,  divided  the  Diameter  into  2000O 
equal  Parts,  computing  in  thefe  the  Cliords  of  Half-arches,  which 
he  call'd  Sma.  This  is  the  firft  Decimal  Divifion  of  the  Radius^ 
or  wliole  Sim:  Yet  it  was  the  Saracens.,  or  y4rabi ans  i\\zt  firft  form- 
ed the  Sines  in  ftead  of  Chords^  we  .having  from  them,  about  the 
the  fame  Time,  the  nine  ufeful  Charaders  which  we  call  Digital 
Numlers.  Afterwards,  to  thefe  Tables  of  Sines,  Brejsius  added  the 
Table  o(  Natural  Tangents,  which  he  call  d -^^fr///;j ;  and  others, 
as  Vie';a,  call'd  them  Profines.  After  which  Joachimus  Rheticus  ad- 
ded tlie  Tables  of  the  Natural' Secants,  whicn  he  call'd  Hypothenn- 
faSy  or  Tranfinuofd s,  All  which  were  us'd  .with  a  great  deal  of  La- 
bour for  common  Multiplication  and  Divifion,  till  Nicholaus  Ray- 
marus  jy^thmarjus,  by  an  Art  he  called  Profihapherijis,  lomewhat 
cafed  the  Work.  This  was  improved  by  c^aginus,  in  his  Tables 
in  his  Primum  Mobile :  Yet  Calculation  remained  very  burdenfom, 
aind  few  would  endure  the  Trouble  of  it ;  which  was  one  Rcafon 
why  thefe  Sciences  were  fo  much  neglcc^led.  But  at  length  our  Au- 
thor hit  upon  the  Logarithms,  about  the  Year  1614,  and  by  this 
wonderful  and  furprifing  Invention,  all  the  Multiplications  and  Di- 
vifions  were  performed  by  Addition  and  Subftradlion ;  fo  that  there- 
by all  Geometrical  and  AftrOnomical  Calculations  were  rendred  Co 
€afy,  that  by  thefe  Tables  more  can  be  done  in  one  Hour,  than  in 
a  Day  by  any  of  the  former  Methods  invented  by  all  the  prececd- 
ing  Mathematicians. 

This  glorious  and  wonderful  Invention  was  no  (boner  publifhed 
to  the  World,  but  'tis  incredible  to  believe  with  what  a  furprifing 
Joy  and  Satisfadlion  it  was  received  by  all  the  Mathematicians  in 


"^qI  ill!     '  the  Jnventer   of  the   Logarithm^.  5lr 


Europe,  and  wliac   Elogiums  xVere  beftowed  upon  him  by  Petrus    ^^ 
CrJerus,  Benjamin  Vrfirte  {a)   John  Kepkr,    Mrtan  VUc(\,    fro-     ^T?^ 
benms  BatUhuis.     And  all  the  mod  eminent    Mathematicians  of    ^^^'^ 
that  Ace,  but  by  none  more  than  by  that  eminent  Mathematician   „,  b„.„,, 
Henn  B'm^.  Saviltan  Prof elTor  of  Geometry  in  the  Univerfity  of  .»;.^s^;.i..j 
Oxford:    Vol  he  .was  fo  tranfported  with  Joy,    as  Dr.   Smith  m-  c.p.ry.j 
forms  us,  in  his  Life  {b\  That  our  Authors  Book,  which  was  hrft  f^»^^;^ 
publifhed   :iz  Edinburgh  m    i<)  14,    as  we   have  laid,    became   his     ""  "' 
Boibm  and  Darling  Companion,   by  Night  and  by  Day  :    And  in 
ins  publick  Ledlures  to  his  Scholars,  and  his  private  Converfe  with 
his  Friends,    Merchifions  Praifes  was  the  Theme  he  moftly  enter- 
tained them   with:    And  having  thoroughly  examined  this  noble 
Difpovcry,  he  wrote  to  our  Author  his  Thoughts  upon  it,  and  how 
that  they  might  be  further  improved :     Nor  would  this  fatisfy  him, 
without  feeing  our  Author  himfelf.     So  taking  his  Journey  ffoni 
London,  he  csime  to  Merchifton,  in  the  Year  161 5,  where  he  ftayed 
With  our  Author  for  a  Month,  and  returned  full  fraughted,  with 
the  Joy  of  our  Author's  having  approved  of  his  Improvement  of 
his  Logarithms.     And  the  very  next  Year  he  made  another  Journey 
to  ScotUind,  to  have  the  Happinefs  of  enjoying  his  Converfe,  and 
was  preparing  to  make  a  third  Journey,  had  he  not  been  doped  by 
our  Author's  Death.     Merchifions  Method  was  indeed  much  im- 
proved, by  fucceeding  Mathematicians ;  and  particularly  the  Con^ 
(Irudfion  of  theLogaiidims  has  been  rendred  very  eafy,  by  the  fa- 
mous Dr.  Hall^y,  in  that  mod  ingenious  Effay,  publifhed  in  the  Phi- 
lofophk  Tranfadions  (c),  to  which  1  refer  the  Reader.     It  ought 
uot  tq  bo  omitted,  that  the  fame  excellent  Author,  by  confideriDg 
tlK  Proportions  for  the  Solution    of  right  angled   fpherical  Tri- 
txyx^cs,    invented  the  two  following  fhort  Rules,  whereby  all  the 
J (5  Cafes  of  right;  angled  fpherical  Triangles,    arc  eafily  resolved. 
Rule  I.  In  any  right  angled  fpherical  Triangle,   the  Reftangle 
under  the  Radtm,  and'  the  Sine  of  the  Middle  Part  is  equal  to  the 
Reftani^le,  under  the  Tangents  of  the  adjacent  Parts: 

Ruler.  The  Rectangle  under  the  Radius,  and  t\\t  Sine  of  the 
middle  Part,  is  equal  to  the  Rectangle  under  the  Co-fmts  of  the  op- 
pofitc  Parts.  . 

All  the  Learned  in  thefe  Matters  are  fufficiently  acquainted  with 
thefe  Rules,  fo  that  I  need  fay  nothing  more  of  them.  ^  ^^^^ 

Mr.  Wood  the  Oxford  Antiquary  (d),  fays,  That  one  Dr.  Crai^  ...ion o", hi';', 
a  Scots  Pliyfician,  who  received  his  Decree  at  the  Univerfity  of  Bafil,  ^:i^^f^-;^ 
and  WIS  afterwards  incorporated  to  tlie  fame  Degree,  in  the  Uni-  'eTrf  J;;::/^-* 
vaCity  oi  Oxford,  in  the  Year  1605,  and  who  wrote  a  Book  in  4fp.  'X^**-- 
iddrtflcd  to  Tjcho  Brahe,  entituled,  CapnuraniAJeu  Comet.  In  AthetA 
fublimationisrefutatio,  coming  from  Denmark  to  his  own  Country, 
went  to  vifit  Merchifton  at  his  own  Houfe,    where  amongfl  other 
Difcourfcs,  He  told  him  of  a  new  Invention  in  Denmark^  b/  Lon- 

aqqqqq ^'^ 

r«)  vide  Vudiut  derail.    M>ilicnu(.P<£f  ]»«4  .iO  TU<H«VM(-fi''tt'<  f*t*^    ^)  FiliLiCnBlr  Nt^  ftM.  F*(e  )k 
(^^  Alkcn*  Oi6m.  V«J.  f.  P«(«  4<y, 


JJi  The  Lift  of  JOHN  NAJIEK,  Bonn  of  Mcr chifton,       Vol.  l\[. 


gomontanus,  to  favethe  rcdious  Cakulation  by  Multiplicatiort  dnd 

^    Divifion;  and .  Af<rr(r/>//7o;/  .having  asked  him  what  he  knevfr  of  th^ 

•-^'S/^  Matter,  he  told  him,  That  all  he  knew  of  it  was,  thjtt  it.  wis  donij 
by  proportionable  Numbers  -.  Napier  taking  the  Hint  from  tbis, 
defired  him  upon  his  Return  to  call  upon  himj  which,  after '(biifd 
Weeks,  Dr.  Cr,t/^  coming  to  him,  Merchifion  fl»jwed  him  a^rudd 
Draught  of  it,  tliat  lie  called  Canon  miramis  LogarithmorMmy  whicM 
Draught,  with  foiue  Alterations,  he  printing  in  \6it^  It  Qzmi.Uy 
the  Hands  oi  Henry  Briggs,  -and  William  Oughtred,  twofaiboui 
EngliJJ}  Mathematicians;  and  both  of  them,  confultirig  about  thd 
pcrfe(fting  oi  it,  thie  former  took  a  Journey  into  Scotlandi  cd 
confer  with  Napier  about  it ;  and  having  received  great  Iniight 
iTom  him,  he  perufed  the  Matter,  and  in  a  few  Weeks,  aftcTf.  put 
forth  two  Books,  after  a  more  compendious  Method :  And  this  was 
Mr.  Griggs  ylrithmetica  Logarithmic  a,,  which  he  publiflied  ac  Lon^ 
Jon,  in  the  Year  1624:  And  which, was  afterwards  rcvji)(ed,^xor* 
ledtcd  and  augmented  by  uidrian  Vlacq^  and  published  under,  the 
following  Title. 

eAriihmetica  Logartthmica,  five  Logarithmorunt  Chiliadcs  fern 
tnm  pre  nnmeris  natttrali  jerie  cnfcentihs,  ab  unit  ate  ad  icxXXXV 
una  cum  Canone  trmt^ulorum,  feu  tabula  artifidalium  Jtnuum  \tarP- 
gentiuyn  ad  Radfum  iooooooo,Ooooo.  (S"  aa  fingula  Jcrupula  pru 
ntA  quadrantis. 

§lmbfti  novum  traditur  compendium^  quo  nullum  nee admirithil'tm 
nee  uttliut,  adfohenda  pleraque  problematA  jirithmetica  0*  Ceome^ 
trica. 

Hot  numiros  primus  invenit,  ciarijfimtu  vir,  Joannes  Neperusj 
B^ro  Merchiftonii,  eos  autem  ex  ejufdem  fententia  mutavitleorum* 
que  irtum,  (^'  ufum  illuftravit,  Henricus  Briggius,  in  celebcrima^yic* 
cademiaO)ion\cnC\  Profejjor  Savilianus;  Editio  (ecunda  auSa  ^. 
Adrianurn  Vlacq,  Goudanum-  Goudx  1618. 

N6w,  as  ro  that  Part  of  the  Story,  concerning  Dr.  C/aigs  giving^ 
him  the  fitft  Hint  of  this  Invention,  it  is  rejected  -by  all  theM»» 
thematicians,  as  a  mere  Fable,  the  folc  .Glory  of  this  Invention  bc-»i 
ing  owing  to  himfelf 

,  Our,  renown'd  Author  having  thus  eafed  the  Mathematicians  of 

e^iTf'hii  their  laborious  Calculations,  he  in  the  next  Place,  contrived  a  rooft 

NlXf"o&  ingenious   Divercifement,    for  all  Gentlemen  and  Tradefinen,   to 

cimmonw'*'  perfoini  all  Manner  of  Arithmetical  Operations,    by  certain  qua« 

Vh\ft{^'  drangular  Columns,   having   proper  Numbers  written  on  all  their 

•°**^        lour  Sides,  and  fcom  their  being  commonly  made  in  Bone:  Thcj 

arc  called  Merchiflons  Bones,  tho'  they  may  be  made  in  Timber, 

Silver,  or  any  other  Sort  of  Mcttal :  And  in  the  Year  161"]^  hepub^ 

lilhed  the  Way  how  to  make  thefeRods.or  Columns,    and  the 

Manner  and   Method  of  ufing  them,    under  the  following  Title, 

Rabdologia  feu  numerationis  per  virguUs  libri  duo,    cum  appendice 

de   expedttiffimo    multiplicattonif  promptuario,  quibus  accejjify    ^ 

Arithmetics  localii,  liber  HniMt  authore  ^  invent  or t^  Joanne  Nepe- 

ro, 


Aa  Ac. 


VoL  111  f^^  Jnventer  of  the   Logarithms*  jlj 

ipi  'Barwe  Mdtchiiiouih  Scotoi  After  which  our  Author  lived  not  ^^f!f^, 
lGDgy.»dying  upon  the  third  of  Jpril  the  fame  Year,  in  the  67th  ^^^W 
Yeaf-  of  his  Age.  »•  i>««'k 

iie^was  twice  married,  and  by  his  firft  Wife  Margaret  Stirling^  ut. 
Dau<*htef^to  Sir  James  Stirling  o(  Kier^   he  had  that  noble  and 
learned  Gentlcmarr,  Sir  jirchibald  Napier,   who  in  the  Reigns  of 
Kin*'  James  the  VI.  and  King  Charles  the  I.  was  one  of  the  Lords 
erf  the  priv7-Council,  orte  of  the  Senators  of  the  College  of  Juflice, 
Lord  Thefaurer  depute,    Lord  Juftiee  Cleric,  and  advanced  to  the 
Honour  of  Peerage,  by  the  Title  o(  Lord  Napier,  upon  the  4th  of 
Mayi6iJ.     By  his  fecond  Wife  Jgnes  Chijeholm,  Daughter  to  Sii? 
fames- Chifehotm  oi  Cromlix,-  he  had  five  Sons,   John  Napier  oi 
£aJie?-Torrie^    Robert,    who   publifhed  his  Father's  Pofthumous 
Works,    and  of  whom  are  defcended  the  Napiers  o(  Ktlcrouh^ 
jlkxander  of  Gillets,  William  of  Ardmore,   and  Adam,   of  whoni 
aredelcended  the  Napiers  of  Black/lom,  and  five  Daughters,.  Mar- 
karet  married  to  James  Stuart  of  Rojfayth,    fean  to  fames  Hamil- 
ton of  Ktlbrachmont,    EUz^aheth  to  WtUtam  Cunningham  of  Craig- 
tndsy  Agnesrio George  Drummond  oi  Baloch,  and  Helen  to  the  le- 
rctend  Mr.  Matthew  Birsl/ane,  Parfon  of  Er skin  (a). 

Should  I  here  let  down  all  the  Elogiums  that  have  been  given 
to  this  renowned  Author,  by  tlie  Mathematicians  of  his  own  Age, 
and  by  all  thofe  that  have  lived  fincc  his  Time,  I  fhowld  fwell 
this  Work  to  an  immenfe  Bulk,  with  necdlefs  Repetitions;  his  very 
Name  is  a  fufficient  Elogium,  and  will  befuchaslong  as  the  World 
lafteth:  Befides  his  Knowledge  in  the  Mathematicks,  he  was  a 
Genileman  who  wa  swell  Teen  in  (he  Lati^'  arid  Gr-eek  Languages, 
in  the  Roman  snd  Gracian  Hiddhesi  in  the -Writings  of  the  anci- 
ent Fathers,-  and  Ecclefiaftical  HiftorikYis;  and'  had  with  great  Care 
ftudied  the  Controverfies  betwixt'us  and  tht  Church  of  Rome. 

CerardusVo^ius  fpcakitig^of  our  Author's  Writings,  (ays  f^),  Vir 

hfc  urdicoj  P^trus  Ccugetus  (c)  Mathematic'us  Dantifcanus  (crihit 

vtl  oh  id  urticiimyjtutera'^eejj'ent  immortali  laude  dignifmus  exco^ 

githvit  i  numeros   illos  mir^mes  qui  Logarithmici  dicuntAr,  hoc  eft 

£>lumeri  proportionum  aut  rationum  indices^  aut,  interpret e  Kepler o, 

incommunicalfilium  proportionum  communes  menfur*;   nsrrat  deindc 

Crugerus,  quamgratus  hie  labor  fuerit  njiris  dodis,  in  ^iV  Benjami- 

no  Urfino,   Joanni  Keplero,  Henrici  Briggio,    (S  Adriano   Vlad- 

ca 

Dr.rw//^,  in  the  Life  of  Mr.  Briggs,  fpeaking  of  our  Author,  and 
of  the  tfteem  that  that  famous  MacUematiciaftbad  of  him>  gives  lis 
the  following  .\ccount,  of  the  juft  Efteem  and  Value  that -was  put 
upoti  him  and  his  Performances,  by  the  Icarnedcfl  Men  of  that 
Age  (^)-  Anno  1^14,  Ed'mhuig^ prodiit  rtobilipmi  'rJtri  D  Joannis 
I^peri,  Barents  Merchiftoni,  mirifici  Logarfthmorum  canonisdii* 
jcrmtOy  ejujaut  u^m  in  utractue  jtrigonometriai  fit  etiam  in  opni  lo*^ 
gijtica  Mathematua  4mplijjtrm  factUimi  i^'txpedftiftrnt'explicdti^ 

gq^ggq^  ^"^ 


514        The  Life  of  JOHN  NAPIER,  2aron  of  Mcrchiaon,       Vol.  ill. 

Tercrebnit  olim  farna^  licet  inccrtai  de  cujus  'veritatewento  dtibit<n> 
5C?«?^  dum' "JidetHr.  '/).  Cragium,  SLOtiim,  e  D^i)\^  reducem,  (jho  temper t 
*'^v*^-'  illpim  honoris  ^  itmicittix.  caufa  tnvtfebat,  eriarrajfe  Cliriflianum  Lon- 
gomontaniiin  methodHw  tnvemjfey  njel  Jaltetn  de  nova  mithodo  tnve- 
niendt,  qua  nnnjcrofs  perplexaqHC  multtf>licatiories  ^  Diviforitr, 
qHarnm  ufiu  in  yljlronomicis  Jupbutationibw  haHeuns,  mn  fmt  j^tr/i* 
mo  ttidio  (^  laborc  obtinnit,  in  breve  compendium  factll  opera  rediai 
pojjunt,  tdque  proper tionalium  numerorum  ope,  (elitituw  ejje.  lllud 
qui'Jeni  fertal},c  ilti  Jummtfque  Ajirenomis-.  joanni  MiiUcro,  Relics 
montaiio,  Nicolao  Copernico,  Tychoni  Biaclia-o,  alhjqtie  qmb/fj 
lOiHpcrtijsiniam  cmt,  AJlrenomiam,  abjque  accuratijsifna  dodrmA  Tri- 
iiiigiilormn  cognitmic,  non  pojfe  injlaurariy  mcxiwe.in.votts  ^  opta^ 
its  ftiijfe  videtHr ;  ^  fi  quid  hac  ex  parte  conarentHr,  pojl  -f^iijlra 
tent  (it  as  invcfligationes  pro  deplorato  habitmn,  ^  qiuifi  jupra  huma-^ 
num  capttim,  vix  ingenio  ^  Jolertia  cujufquam  juperandum  abjecijje. 
aAn  vero  (^uicqi4am  Jimile,  ant  quovis  modo  analo?Hm^  hac  ex  parte 
prtifliterit  celelerriwus  tile  Tyclionis  dijcipulusy  miter  fanu  in  (e,  ex 
fcriptis  cditis  ^  inventis,  dcrivandi,  cupidijsimus,  nulltbt  ab  illo  me- 
moratum  re^erio.  Invent  urn  hoc  prorfus  mirabile,  ccelefii  ingenio  Ne- 
peii  linice  ?>ebetitr ;  fplcndidifsimo  autem  titulo  optime  ^  plcnifsime 
refvondet  aureus  tfte  Liber,  pr^iflatque  quod  tile,  in  Epifiola  ad  Sere- 
nijsimHm  Caroluni,  Walline  Frmctpem,  imicumque  Regis  Jacobi  I, 
filium,  Dedicator ia,  vere  ^  abfque  omni  jaiiantia  fpQpc»/erat,  ,  ut 
illiiis  ad/hinicnlo  plttres  quxjliones  Mathematics  unitis  horn  fpattq, 
quam,  priflina  ^  comrntmiter  recepta  forma  Sintmm,  Tangentiunt 
Cr"  Secantitim,    vel  integro  die  abfolvantur. 

§luimprimiim  comparnit  Liber,  prxclarifsimi  quidam oSHathema- 
tict,  viz.:  Beiijaminus  Uifinus,  Joannes  Keplerus,  Frobenius,  B2n,C- 
cliiiis,  (irrepta  hac  expedita  ^  compendiaria  Logifitca,  nondumque  in 
meliorsm  rncthodiim  reda^ia,  quam  [ecuttjunt,  t  Hum  magna  cum  honty- 
re  exce^erunt ;  fed  nemo  magis  quam  Biiggius  nojler,  qui  Canonem^ 
res  tanias  paucis  pagi/lis  adeo  fubtiliter  ^  artificioje  complexum,  in 
omnem  partem  verfavit,  ^  etiam  ac  Ji  ipje  proprio  marte,,invenij]ety 
in  profundiora  illius  arcana  penetravit,  hunc  in  deliciis  habuit,  in  ft- 
nu,  in  ynanibus,  in  petlore  gejlavit,  oculifque  avidifsimt!  ^  mente 
attentifsima,  iterum  iterumque  per  legit.  Ltteris  ad  Vlki'mm  fcriptis 
(a),  nullum  Ltbrum  ipft  ?nelius  piacutjj'e,  animumquc  uberiori  perjudif- 
je  voluptatc^  ut  in  verier  em  exceljt  au£loris  ingenii,  cut  nihil  im- 
pervium  ant  tnacceijum  videbatur,  admirationem  abripuijje  jerio 
pro/ejjus.  Hinc  in  illo  illuftrando,  novil que  augment  is  in  ultimum 
perfedionis  fiatum  provehendo,  aUt  in  muJAO-  aut  in  le^o  om- 
nes  cogit  at  tones  advert  it,  nee  fludia  am  fruiluojius,  aut  pulchrwf,  aut 
glortoftus,  quam  in  hoc  pr/ictarifsimo  infittnto,  ceteris  vice  •^-ffn-" 
deinccps  habendis  impendi  po\]e  duxit.  Hunc  familian  apud  amicos 
Jermone  (ummis  laudtbus  ext'ulit.  Hunc  auditoribus  fuis  ex  cathedra 
explicavit,  interim  re  accuratifsime,  ^  jape  (apius  quidem  pervenfa^ 
longe  commodius  juturum  judicavit :  ft  pauxiUa  mutatione  admijfa. 


I'J        VideEpift.  J«.  P.  j6.  in  5y!lPB,  £f  ift, -UlIctiiUiiDp,.  Loiiilmi.  1616. 


Vol;  IL.  the  Jnvfmtr   of  the   Logarithms, 


m 


i;lO,eJl'eiZogarithTnw^VnitatU,totiHsver^  looo,  de  quaUtem 

0hfcc{uil  flehis  inijentoremmomit.'  Nee  hoc  offciofo  ajfeau  contents, 
^roxima  £tate,  .anno  vizj.  MDCXVl,  ut  coUoquiis  (J  a]pe6fu  illiits  v-VV 
■friiiiretur  r-deinde  etiam  iterum,  fequente  anno,  in  Scotiani  contendtt^ 
tertiumotit  profeCiurus,  niflD.  Neoeri  mon  intervenijjet,  de  hifce  com- 
^nmth'ns  Jludtis  elahordndii,  fimul  cum  illo  confultaturus.  hie  dum 
fer  integndm  rrienlem,  otnrii  ckm  humanitate  ace^eptus  moram  feceraty 
dcMa-^mtis'^n  epijlpld  meminijjet  mutatione^  D.  Neperum  in  illius 
fentcniiai^y  prompt  ipmq  ajfenfu  cone  (dent  em^  idem  dudum  jenfi^e  gra- 
iulatus  ejl,  coram  dicentem  Je,  quo  minus  tftos  numeros  reformarety 
valetudtne  ^  negotiis  impeditum  fuijje ,  quod  ille,  anno  proximo,  in 
Trafatione  Rhaldologi^y  EdinbuVgi,  MDCXVII  cditx^  faciendum 
montot. 

A  great  many  Elogiums  of  this  Nature,  as  I  have  faid,  I  could 
amafs  together,  were  it  needful ;  fo  I  fhall  conclude  with  two  Po- 
ems in  Commendation  of  our  Author,  compofed  by  Mr  .zAndreio 
Toungy  Profertbr  of  Philofophy  in  the  College  ot  Edinburgh  :  The 
firft  prdfix'd  to  his  Rhabdotogyy  and  the  other,  to  his  Ldgarithmt* 

i^ultiplicare  jwVAt  numeros  'vel  [cinderey  LeHori 
Vt  jaSlus  Jul/ito  prodeat  atque  quotus  : 

Vel  f  ^Ifiadrati  radicem,  aut  nofcere  Cuhi 

Schematis,  hac  proprium  conflet  ut  arte  Uttts  t 
Si've  Ceometricaj^  'VJS'  menjurare  fif^uras ; 

Hic  dijces  ceUrem  perfacilemque  viam. 

Aliud, 

Buchanane,  //^/Neperum  adfcijci  Jodalem} 
Floreat  (^  mjtris  Scotfa  mjlra,  viris  : 

Nam  yelut  ad  fummum  eji  culmen  perduifa  PoeJtSy 
Sic  etiam  ad  fummum  e/i  culmen  perdudfa  Mathe/ti; 
Inque  hoc  flat,  nee  quo  progredtatur  hahet. 


The  Catalogue  of  his  Works. 

A  Plain  Difcovery  of  the  whole  Revelation  of  St,  fohn,  fet  ddwn 
in  Two  Trcatifes :  The  One,  fearching  and  proying  the  true 
Interpretation  thereof  j    the  Other,  applying  the  fame  Para- 
phrafticaUy  and  Hiftorically  to  the  Text.     JBdtdurghy  hf  And- 
rewHarty  159J,  irt  a^o. 

II  RhaUologid,  fef4  Numerationis  perVtrguUsy  Lihri  dudr  Edin- 
burgiy  Bxcudtbat  Andraos  Hart,  1^17,  tn  ilmo* 

R  r I r  r  r  UL 


•>16 


The  Life  of  J  OHN  NAPIER,  ^c. 


Vol.  UL 


III.  >fr.  Rol^ert  Natter,  his  Son,  aher  his  Father's  Death,    publi- 
fhed  ac  Edtnburgh, 

1.  Mtrtfict  tffius  Canonis  Con/lrudio,  ^  Logarithnmum nd  nmft" 
raUs  tp forum  nttmeros  habit udmes. 

2.  Jppendix  de  alia  atque  prAJiantiore  Log4rithm6rum  Jpide  (m- 
firuendii ;  tn  qua  fcUtcet  Vmtatts  Logaatthmus  efl  q. 

2.  Propofit tones  quxdam  emtntnttftmA,  ad  Triangula  SphiTtfami^ 
rA  factltfote  rejohenda.    ^dtnbhrgi,  l6l<)^  tn  J^o.